essay on aryabhatta satellite

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Goddard space flight center, sciences and exploration.

[Advanced Search]

HEASARC Home
Observatories
Calibration
Students/Teachers/Public

Active Missions
Past Missions
Upcoming Missions
Comparison of Mission Capabilities

Mission Overview

Essay on Aryabhatta for Students and Children

500+ words essay on aryabhatta.

Essay on Arayabhatta – Aryabhatta was the first Indian mathematician and astronomer. He had immense knowledge in the field of mathematics. Moreover, he did he may discoveries during his era. For instance, some of them were the discovery of algebraic identities, trigonometrical functions, the value of pi, Place value system, etc.

Furthermore, he wrote many books which still help us in performing various calculations. Aryabhatta was a great influence to many youngsters. For he excelled in academics from a very early age. Moreover, he contributed much to the society his works and theories are still remembered and honored till date.

The Early Life of Aryabhatta

Aryabhatta was born in 475 A.D. Furthermore his birthplace eas not sure, but in his book the ‘Aryabhatiya’, he mentions that he was a native of Kusumapura the modern-day Patna. Moreover, from his historical records, the archaeologists believed that he continued his further studies in Kusumapura. Because in Kusumapura his major astronomical observatory was located.

Therefore, we can ascertain that Aryabhatta spent most of the time there. Further, some historians believe that he was also the head of Nalanda University in Kusumpura. Though these theories are all on a probable basis because no proper evidence was there except the books Arybhatta wrote in his lifetime. Yet some of his records were lost and are not found till date.

Work of Aryabhatta

Aryabhatta contributed greatly to the field of mathematics. For instance, he was responsible for discovering various trigonometrical functions which are useful for us in the modern era too.

Apart from his discoveries in the field of mathematics, Aryabhatta contributed immensely towards astronomy. He proposed the heliocentric theory which states the planets revolve around the Sun. with the help of this theory, he calculated the speed of the different planets with respect to the Sun.

Furthermore, he also calculated the sidereal rotation which is the rotation of the earth in reference to the stars. Moreover, he founded the sidereal year to be 365 days, 6 hours, 12 minutes and 30 seconds which varies with only 3 minutes and 20 seconds over the modern-day value.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Contributions of Aryabhatta

Most noteworthy is that Aryabhatta correctly founded that the earth rotates on its axis. Furthermore, he also proposed the geocentric model of the solar system which described the earth to be the center of the universe. And the sun, the moon, and the planets revolve around it.

Aryabhata also explained the solar and lunar eclipses in his book. Consequently, he also proposed that the moon due to the reflection of the sunlight. He explained in his book that the lunar eclipse and the solar eclipse takes by the shadow-casting of the earth and the moon.

In conclusion Aryabhatta approximations in the field of astronomy were quite accurate. It provided the core to the computational paradigm which provides a base to the modern theories.

Customize your course in 30 seconds

Which class are you in.

Travelling Essay
Picnic Essay
Our Country Essay
My Parents Essay
Essay on Favourite Personality
Essay on Memorable Day of My Life
Essay on Knowledge is Power
Essay on Gurpurab
Essay on My Favourite Season
Essay on Types of Sports

Download the App

Anecdotes of an Aerospace Nerd

Aryabhata: Story Behind India's First Satellite

Know much more about the story of india's first satellite aryabhata started under dr vikram sarabhai and prof u r rao of isro..

"Name the first satellite of India." Each one of us has answered this question at least once in our lifetimes. But very few of us know the story of this 358 Kg spacecraft, Aryabhata. The satellite shares its name with the great ancient astronomer. Names like Mitra and Jawahar were contending as well. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi chose the name "Aryabhata". Know much more about how the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) under the leadership of Dr Vikram Sarabhai started the satellite programme with Aryabhata? How Professor UR Rao instituted and led the Satellite Systems Division in Bangalore? What science and technology Aryabhata established?

Dr Vikram Sarabhai was a visionary. After dedicating the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) to the United Nations in 1968, Sarabhai requested Prof UR Rao to write a proposal to justify a satellite programme for India. Prof UR Rao responded in 2 weeks and was asked to lead the programme. After almost a year of continuous nudging by Sarabhai, Professor accepted the responsibility in 1971 and hence the story of Aryabhata commenced.

Team and Institution Building

UR Rao, along with 25 of his colleagues at PRL, Ahmedabad started working. Shri PP Kale had returned from NASA after a training programme and working on satellite electronics at Space Science and Technology Centre (SSTC), Trivandrum. Around 25 scientists and engineers from this group along with 25 experts from PRL, joined and formed the Satellite Systems Division (SSD). The specialists in the field of structures were requested from the Structures Group at SSTC. Finally, the team started designing a 100-Kg satellite to be launched by Scout launch vehicle of the USA.

UR Rao Satellite Center (URSC), Bangalore, the place where Aryabhata was manufactured

This team worked at SSTC, Trivandrum until the project was approved in 1972. After the approval, the SSD needed a location for the satellite project. Prof UR Rao suggested Bangalore and Hyderabad as possible locations to the ISRO chairman MGK Menon. Two scientists sharing the last name, AS Rao (of Electronics Corporation of India Limited) and UR Rao, researched Hyderabad and Bangalore respectively. They only had one week to explore the facilities and make a final decision. The dedication and enthusiasm of scientists resulted in this fast speed of work.

At Peenya, on the outskirts of the Bangalore, there was a skeleton of a few industrial sheds under construction. Professor UR Rao asked for the first four sheds, each with 5,000 sq feet area. That is where our Indian Scientific Satellite Project (ISSP) started. ISRO remodelled the sheds, built sophisticated electronic laboratories, clean room, thermovac chamber and so on. Until this time Aryabhata had no name.

Indo-Soviet Agreement

When the team had started the design of satellite, it was meant to be launched by the American Scout launch vehicle. But in 1971, the Indian Ambassador to the Soviet Union informed PM Indira Gandhi that the Soviet Academy of Sciences wants to assist launching our first satellite. Sarabhai immediately contacted UR Rao, and an urgent meeting with USSR Ambassador was arranged. Another meeting took place in August 1971, at Moscow. A team of twenty Soviet scientists and four ISRO scientists, after four days of discussion, finalised a free launch for India's first satellite. The dedication of scientists is proven by the fact that Professor UR Rao landed back in Mumbai, briefed Dr Sarabhai at the airport and took a flight to Sydney to attend the Cosmic Ray Conference.

Illustration of Aryabhata on a 2 Rupees note

While final details were being laid out with Soviets, the nation was shaken with the news of Vikram Sarabhai's demise in December 1971. The follow-up meeting got delayed. Finally, in February 1972, a meeting was held at Trivandrum. Before the meeting, Mrs Gandhi asked for the justification of such a project. UR Rao told Interim Chairman MGK Menon,

"If we want to go into space, this is the first real opportunity we have. As we are getting a free launch, we can start with minimum amount of money and then build upon it. You just can't go straight to operational communication satellites or remote sensing satellites till you have successfully built at least a couple of experimental satellites and established your capability to build complex satellites." Prof UR Rao on Justification of Aryabhata for India

Mrs Gandhi asked for the budget for the mission. UR Rao asked for 2 hours to get back with it. A team of four engineers and scientists, S.P. Kosta, K. Kasturirangan, Ashiya, and Tarsem Singh, estimated the total cost to be around about Rs 60 lakh. Prof UR Rao increased it to Rs 3 crore, with a foreign exchange component of Rs 1 crore after accounting for space-grade components. And PM Gandhi approved the mission, "Go ahead and sign the agreement!".

The Satellite

The primary objectives of the Aryabhata mission (as explained in a paper by Prof UR Rao) were

Indigenous design and fabrication of a space-worthy system and evaluation of its performance in orbit;

Evolving the methodology of conducting a series of complex operations on the satellite in its orbital phase;

Setting up the necessary ground-based receiving, transmitting and tracking systems; and

Establishing the relevant infrastructure for the fabrication, testing and qualification of such sophisticated spacecraft systems.

To provide Indian scientists with an opportunity to conduct investigations in space sciences, suitable payloads were also included.

X-ray Astronomy

Solar neutron and Gamma Rays Studies

Technical Details

Quasispherical shape, with 26 flat faces

Mass: 358 kg

Equivalent diameter: 1.59 m in the equatorial plane

Height of 1.19 m

Passive Thermal Control

Body-mounted silicon solar panels with a total surface area of 36,800 cm sq

Rechargeable Ni-Cd chemical batteries with 10 A hr capacity

137.44 MHz PCM/FM/PM downlink at 256 bits/s data rate

148.25 MHz PDM/AM/AM uplink

Spin Stabilised

Launch and Orbital Performance

Aryabhata was successfully launched into a near-earth orbit at 1300 hr IST, on 19 April 1975. The orbital parameters immediately after the injection were apogee height 620 km, perigee height 562 km, and inclination 50.7 degrees.

"Aryabhata became the forerunner of our space programme and provided us the confidence to build state-of-the-art application satellites for communication, remote sensing of natural resources and meteorological investigations." Prof UR Rao

In the initial phase, the ground station at Bears Lake, USSR controlled the satellite. While during the normal phase the SHAR ground station took over. Aryabhata tumbled initially, and regulator voltage to aeronomy experiment was absent. All other subsystem functioned very well as indicated by 91 different health monitoring parameters. In 45 orbit, the scientific operations were switched off, and the satellite was spin stabilised at 50 rev/min.

Aryabhata orbited for nearly seventeen years ending the story. The experience gained through this experimental satellite was valuable for future programmes in designing operational satellites.

Reddit Post for different papers on Aryabhata

https://www.reddit.com/r/ISRO/comments/g4qgpo/details_about_aryabhata_satellite/

Ready for more?

CBSE Class 10th
CBSE Class 12th
UP Board 10th
UP Board 12th
Bihar Board 10th
Bihar Board 12th
Top Schools in India
Top Schools in Delhi
Top Schools in Mumbai
Top Schools in Chennai
Top Schools in Hyderabad
Top Schools in Kolkata
Top Schools in Pune
Top Schools in Bangalore

Products & Resources

JEE Main Knockout April
Free Sample Papers
Free Ebooks
NCERT Notes
NCERT Syllabus
NCERT Books
RD Sharma Solutions
Navodaya Vidyalaya Admission 2024-25
NCERT Solutions
NCERT Solutions for Class 12
NCERT Solutions for Class 11
NCERT solutions for Class 10
NCERT solutions for Class 9
NCERT solutions for Class 8
NCERT Solutions for Class 7
JEE Main 2024
MHT CET 2024
JEE Advanced 2024
BITSAT 2024
View All Engineering Exams
Colleges Accepting B.Tech Applications
Top Engineering Colleges in India
Engineering Colleges in India
Engineering Colleges in Tamil Nadu
Engineering Colleges Accepting JEE Main
Top IITs in India
Top NITs in India
Top IIITs in India
JEE Main College Predictor
JEE Main Rank Predictor
MHT CET College Predictor
AP EAMCET College Predictor
GATE College Predictor
KCET College Predictor
JEE Advanced College Predictor
View All College Predictors
JEE Main Question Paper
JEE Main Cutoff
JEE Main Advanced Admit Card
JEE Advanced Admit Card 2024
Download E-Books and Sample Papers
Compare Colleges
B.Tech College Applications
KCET Result
MAH MBA CET Exam
View All Management Exams

Colleges & Courses

MBA College Admissions
MBA Colleges in India
Top IIMs Colleges in India
Top Online MBA Colleges in India
MBA Colleges Accepting XAT Score
BBA Colleges in India
XAT College Predictor 2024
SNAP College Predictor
NMAT College Predictor
MAT College Predictor 2024
CMAT College Predictor 2024
CAT Percentile Predictor 2023
CAT 2023 College Predictor
CMAT 2024 Answer Key
TS ICET 2024 Hall Ticket
CMAT Result 2024
MAH MBA CET Cutoff 2024
Download Helpful Ebooks
List of Popular Branches
QnA - Get answers to your doubts
IIM Fees Structure
AIIMS Nursing
Top Medical Colleges in India
Top Medical Colleges in India accepting NEET Score
Medical Colleges accepting NEET
List of Medical Colleges in India
List of AIIMS Colleges In India
Medical Colleges in Maharashtra
Medical Colleges in India Accepting NEET PG
NEET College Predictor
NEET PG College Predictor
NEET MDS College Predictor
NEET Rank Predictor
DNB PDCET College Predictor
NEET Result 2024
NEET Asnwer Key 2024
NEET Cut off
NEET Online Preparation
Download Helpful E-books
Colleges Accepting Admissions
Top Law Colleges in India
Law College Accepting CLAT Score
List of Law Colleges in India
Top Law Colleges in Delhi
Top NLUs Colleges in India
Top Law Colleges in Chandigarh
Top Law Collages in Lucknow

Predictors & E-Books

CLAT College Predictor
MHCET Law ( 5 Year L.L.B) College Predictor
AILET College Predictor
Sample Papers
Compare Law Collages
Careers360 Youtube Channel
CLAT Syllabus 2025
CLAT Previous Year Question Paper
NID DAT Exam
Pearl Academy Exam

Predictors & Articles

NIFT College Predictor
UCEED College Predictor
NID DAT College Predictor
NID DAT Syllabus 2025
NID DAT 2025
Design Colleges in India
Top NIFT Colleges in India
Fashion Design Colleges in India
Top Interior Design Colleges in India
Top Graphic Designing Colleges in India
Fashion Design Colleges in Delhi
Fashion Design Colleges in Mumbai
Top Interior Design Colleges in Bangalore
NIFT Result 2024
NIFT Fees Structure
NIFT Syllabus 2025
Free Design E-books
List of Branches
Careers360 Youtube channel
IPU CET BJMC
JMI Mass Communication Entrance Exam
IIMC Entrance Exam
Media & Journalism colleges in Delhi
Media & Journalism colleges in Bangalore
Media & Journalism colleges in Mumbai
List of Media & Journalism Colleges in India
CA Intermediate
CA Foundation
CS Executive
CS Professional
Difference between CA and CS
Difference between CA and CMA
CA Full form
CMA Full form
CS Full form
CA Salary In India

Top Courses & Careers

Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com)
Master of Commerce (M.Com)
Company Secretary
Cost Accountant
Charted Accountant
Credit Manager
Financial Advisor
Top Commerce Colleges in India
Top Government Commerce Colleges in India
Top Private Commerce Colleges in India
Top M.Com Colleges in Mumbai
Top B.Com Colleges in India
IT Colleges in Tamil Nadu
IT Colleges in Uttar Pradesh
MCA Colleges in India
BCA Colleges in India

Diploma Colleges

Top Diploma Colleges in Maharashtra
UPSC IAS 2024
SSC CGL 2024
IBPS RRB 2024
Previous Year Sample Papers
Free Competition E-books
Sarkari Result
QnA- Get your doubts answered
UPSC Previous Year Sample Papers
CTET Previous Year Sample Papers
SBI Clerk Previous Year Sample Papers
NDA Previous Year Sample Papers

Upcoming Events

NDA Application Form 2024
UPSC IAS Application Form 2024
CDS Application Form 2024
CTET Admit card 2024
HP TET Result 2023
SSC GD Constable Admit Card 2024
UPTET Notification 2024
SBI Clerk Result 2024

Other Exams

SSC CHSL 2024
UP PCS 2024
UGC NET 2024
RRB NTPC 2024
IBPS PO 2024
IBPS Clerk 2024
IBPS SO 2024
Top University in USA
Top University in Canada
Top University in Ireland
Top Universities in UK
Top Universities in Australia
Best MBA Colleges in Abroad
Business Management Studies Colleges

Top Countries

Study in USA
Study in UK
Study in Canada
Study in Australia
Study in Ireland
Study in Germany
Study in China
Study in Europe

Student Visas

Student Visa Canada
Student Visa UK
Student Visa USA
Student Visa Australia
Student Visa Germany
Student Visa New Zealand
Student Visa Ireland
CUET PG 2024
IGNOU B.Ed Admission 2024
DU Admission 2024
UP B.Ed JEE 2024
LPU NEST 2024
IIT JAM 2024
IGNOU Online Admission 2024
Universities in India
Top Universities in India 2024
Top Colleges in India
Top Universities in Uttar Pradesh 2024
Top Universities in Bihar
Top Universities in Madhya Pradesh 2024
Top Universities in Tamil Nadu 2024
Central Universities in India
CUET DU Cut off 2024
IGNOU Date Sheet
CUET Mock Test 2024
CUET Admit card 2024
CUET Result 2024
CUET Participating Universities 2024
CUET Previous Year Question Paper
CUET Syllabus 2024 for Science Students
E-Books and Sample Papers
CUET Exam Pattern 2024
CUET Exam Date 2024
CUET Cut Off 2024
CUET Exam Analysis 2024
IGNOU Exam Form 2024
CUET PG Counselling 2024
CUET Answer Key 2024

Engineering Preparation

Knockout JEE Main 2024
Test Series JEE Main 2024
JEE Main 2024 Rank Booster

Medical Preparation

Knockout NEET 2024
Test Series NEET 2024
Rank Booster NEET 2024

Online Courses

JEE Main One Month Course
NEET One Month Course
IBSAT Free Mock Tests
IIT JEE Foundation Course
Knockout BITSAT 2024
Career Guidance Tool

Top Streams

IT & Software Certification Courses
Engineering and Architecture Certification Courses
Programming And Development Certification Courses
Business and Management Certification Courses
Marketing Certification Courses
Health and Fitness Certification Courses
Design Certification Courses

Specializations

Digital Marketing Certification Courses
Cyber Security Certification Courses
Artificial Intelligence Certification Courses
Business Analytics Certification Courses
Data Science Certification Courses
Cloud Computing Certification Courses
Machine Learning Certification Courses
View All Certification Courses
UG Degree Courses
PG Degree Courses
Short Term Courses
Free Courses
Online Degrees and Diplomas
Compare Courses

Top Providers

Coursera Courses
Udemy Courses
Edx Courses
Swayam Courses
upGrad Courses
Simplilearn Courses
Great Learning Courses

Essay on Aryabhatta

Aryabhatta is credited as being India's first-ever Mathematician and an astronomer. He had a great deal of experience and training in Mathematics. In addition to this, he found several things of which Indians continue to be proud of even now. Here are some sample essays on the topic ‘Aryabhatta’:

100 Words Essay on Aryabhatta

Aryabhatta was born in the year 475 A.D. The location of his birth is uncertain. However, his book "Aryabhatiya" claims that he resided at Kusumpura, which corresponds to the city of Patna in the contemporary day. Aryabhata is credited with writing several influential publications, many of which are considered mathematical canon. In the subject of mathematics, Aryabhatta was an inspiration to a significant number of young people and students. To this day, his contribution to society is highly esteemed. His famous discoveries include algebraic identities, trigonometric functions, the value of pi, and the place value system, among other things.

200 Words Essay on Aryabhatta

500 words essay on aryabhatta.

Aryabhatta is credited with discovering that the earth revolves on its axis; this was a significant finding at the time. In addition, he was a forerunner of the geocentric concept of the solar system, which asserted that the earth is the focal point of the whole cosmos. It is the centre of rotation for the sun, the moon, and the planets. Eclipses of both the sun and the moon were discussed in his work as well. His book mentioned that solar and lunar eclipses occur due to the earth and the moon casting shadows on each other.

Aryabhatta’s Education

Archaeologists continue to believe, even to this day, that Aryabhatta carried on with his education at Kusumpura. The fact that substantial works of his relating to astronomy were discovered at Kusumpura is the basis for the beliefs. As a result, it is plausible to assume that Aryabhatta resided in this region for most of his life. In addition, several historians think he served as the principal of Nalanda University, located in Kusumpura. Aryabhatta's texts are the only evidence that can be considered reliable; hence all of the other arguments and speculations are just based on assumptions and educated guesses. Some of the documents went missing, and they have just been located.

It is possible that Aryabhatta's estimations in astronomy were close to the mark in terms of precision. Aryabhatta's ideas are responsible for developing the fundamental building blocks of the paradigm used in computing. Because he developed such things that can't be envisaged in the current day without the conveniences of modern technology, we, as residents of India, need to feel proud of Aryabhatta. He is responsible for the invention of such things.

Aryabhatta’s Work

Aryabhatta contributed much to mathematics. He discovered trigonometric functions that are used today. His discovery of "pi" simplified arithmetic. The place value system and ‘zero’ were his most significant mathematical accomplishments. His book "Aryabhatiya" contains all his astronomical ideas. His work also separates mathematics and astronomy. Aryabhatta made significant contributions to astronomy and mathematics. He postulated the heliocentric idea that planets orbit the Sun. He computed planet speeds relative to the Sun using this idea. He also estimated the sidereal rotation of the earth relative to the stars. He also established the sidereal year at 365 days, 6 hours, 12 minutes, and 30 seconds, barely 3 minutes and 20 seconds from the contemporary number.

Aryabhatta Legacy

Not only did Aryabhatta leave behind a legacy of knowledge in Indian culture but also in ancient civilisations near India. His astronomical findings were widely accepted and even translated into the languages of a number of the nations nearby. His idea that all of the planets revolve around a central point was validated by discoveries made in the contemporary world, which demonstrated that he was correct in his assertion that the sun occupies the position of centrality in the solar system. Aryabhatta also provided a concise explanation of the phenomenon of a lunar eclipse, including its causes and effects. The contemporary world holds him in extremely high esteem for all of the contributions that he made to the field of cosmology. His legacy of knowledge is highly regarded.

Interesting Facts About Aryabhatta

Aryabhatta gave the world its first definitions of concepts such as the equator, vertical, horizon, meridian, and parallax.

Aryabhata was the first astronomer to postulate that the earth's rotation was responsible for the apparent motion of the stars.

Aryabhatta introduced the concept of zero and included it in his place value system.

Couplets of poems make up the Aryabhatiya, which Aryabhata authored.

Arybhatiya is separated into several divisions titled Gitikapadam, Ganitapada, Kalakriyapada, and Golapada

Aryabhatta’s Impact

The influence that Aryabhatta's legacy of knowledge has had on India and the civilisations surrounding it is undeniable. Scholars from all around the globe had faith in his ideas and translated them into other languages so that more people might understand them. The findings of contemporary science have shown without a reasonable doubt that Aryabhata's hypotheses and explanations were spot on.

Great Arabian intellectuals, such as Al- Khawarizmi and Al- Biruni, are known to have referenced several of his works in their writings. His work on defining cosine and sine contributed to advancements in trigonometry. Not only is Aryabhatta's legacy celebrated all over the globe, but it has also been shown to have made a considerable contribution to improving people's lives.

Applications for Admissions are open.

Aakash iACST Scholarship Test 2024

Get up to 90% scholarship on NEET, JEE & Foundation courses

ALLEN Digital Scholarship Admission Test (ADSAT)

JEE Main Important Physics formulas

As per latest 2024 syllabus. Physics formulas, equations, & laws of class 11 & 12th chapters

PW JEE Coaching

Enrol in PW Vidyapeeth center for JEE coaching

PW NEET Coaching

Enrol in PW Vidyapeeth center for NEET coaching

JEE Main Important Chemistry formulas

As per latest 2024 syllabus. Chemistry formulas, equations, & laws of class 11 & 12th chapters

Download Careers360 App's

Regular exam updates, QnA, Predictors, College Applications & E-books now on your Mobile

Certifications

We Appeared in

Aryabhata: India's First Satellite

A first launch for india.

By Google Arts & Culture

Illustrations by Roshan Gawand

Aryabhata, India's first satellite in 1975 by Roshan Gawand

On the 19th April 1975, at a barren-looking launch site in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia, rocket thrusters flared and a large polyhedron-shaped object was blasted into space. This was “Aryabhata”, India’s first unmanned satellite, a landmark moment in the nation’s history.

On that day, India became only the world’s 11th nation to send a satellite into orbit. More importantly, the Aryabhata satellite helped lay the foundation on which India built its impressive space program. Today, India is among the few nations that has sent a probe to the moon, and only one of four to achieve interplanetary orbit.

The road to space

The road to India’s first satellite began in the 1960s, with the success of the Rohini rocket programme. These were developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and were a series of “sounding” rockets designed for meteorological and atmospheric research.

Bhabha with Cecil Powell, Patrick Blackett and Vikram Sarabhai by TIFR Archives Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

Then, in the early 1970s, Vikram Sarabhai, ISRO's founder, appointed a team of scientists and engineers to develop a satellite. This team was led by the space scientist, Dr. Udupi Ramachandra Rao, who directed operations to assemble the satellite in Bangalore.

Scout Launch Vehicle, L-60-1189 (1960) by National Aeronautics Space Administration, The National Archives at Philadelphia, and NASA U.S. National Archives

Cold War rivalries and obstacles

Initially, the satellite was to be launched with the help of the United States, using the Scout launch vehicle – a multi-stage rocket that was seen as reliable and affordable for India.

By Larry Burrows LIFE Photo Collection

In 1971, Indira Gandhi, the then-Prime Minister, received a message from Moscow via the Indian ambassador. The message informed her that the Soviet Academy of Sciences was ready to assist India in launching its first satellite – no doubt, the Kremlin was concerned by a possible collaboration between India and the US. In the end, India decided to take them up on their offer, and Aryabhata would be launched with the Soviet Union’s help.

However, just as a launch date was looking like a possibility, Vikram Sarabhai, ISRO's founder died. His death brought the whole Indian space program to a standstill – the satellite project looked to be in serious trouble. Determined to press ahead despite this setback, Dr. Rao and his team were able to finish work on the satellite and a launch date was decided.

Naming Aryabhata

At this point, the satellite was still without a name. To secure her support, the team of scientists turned to the Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, to bestow it with a moniker. She chose “Aryabhata”, after the great 5th Century CE mathematician and astronomer. Among his many other discoveries, Aryabhata was famous for creating a system of phonemic number notation in which numbers were represented by consonant-vowel monosyllables.

As the Aryabhata satellite exited earth’s orbit, it began to record valuable data. It was equipped with instruments to explore conditions in Earth’s ionosphere, measure neutrons and gamma rays from the Sun, and perform investigations in X-ray astronomy.

After the fifth day in orbit, an electrical failure meant that Aryabhata’s instruments had to be switched off. Still, during the five days it was in space, valuable information was collected – the mission meant that India could make observations on an X-ray source (cyg-X1).

Crucially, the launch helped establish the infrastructure and the know-how for future satellite missions. Perhaps more importantly, though, the launch proved to the country and the rest of the world that India’s fledgling space program was as capable as it was ambitious. Aryabhata would remain as an inspiration for later generations of Indian space scientists and engineers.

The Keynote Speaker

U.s. national archives, govind swarup: pioneering radio astrophysicist, tata institute of fundamental research, a capital market, building the ooty radio telescope, a mission fulfilled: may 7, 1945, building the giant meterwave radio telescope, the national archives building: temple to our history, india's first digital computer, the u.s. food administration, women, and the great war: the pennsylvania food conservation train, life and work of the great visionary, homi j. bhabha.

An overview of the ‘Aryabhata’ project

Published: September 1978
Volume 1 , pages 117–133, ( 1978 )

Cite this article

U. R. Rao 1

47 Accesses

4 Citations

3 Altmetric

Explore all metrics

Aryabhata , India’s first satellite, was successfully launched into a nearearth orbit on 19 April 1975, from a USSR Cosmodrome. The primary objective of Aryabhata was to establish the indigenous capability in satellite technology. Aryabhata , weighing 358 kg, was quasispherical in shape, and had body-mounted solar cells and Ni-Cd chemical batteries as primary power sources. Other features of the spacecraft include power control systems, passive thermal control system, PCM/FM/PM telemetry system transmitting data at 256 bits/s in real time and 2560 bits/s in the stored mode, PDM/AM/AM telecommand system, cold gas spin stabilisation system with nutation damper and a number of sensors. The satellite also included three scientific experiments—one on x-ray astronomy, the second for observing solar neutrons and gamma rays and the third on aeronomy. The present paper gives an overview of the basic features of the satellite, associated ground stations and a brief account of the fabrication, testing and (in-orbit) performance of the satellite. Results of some of the technological experiments carried out in Aryabhata are also briefly described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price includes VAT (Russian Federation)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Rent this article via DeepDyve

Institutional subscriptions

Innovations in the AOCS of AstroSat spacecraft

Satellite Applications Handbook: The Complete Guide to Satellite Communications, Remote Sensing, Navigation, and Meteorology

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

ISRO Satellite Centre, Peenya, 560 058, Bangalore

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Rao, U.R. An overview of the ‘Aryabhata’ project. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Engg. Sci.) 1 , 117–133 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02843538

Download citation

Received : 29 October 1977

Revised : 10 March 1978

Issue Date : September 1978

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02843538

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

satellite technology
satellite design
satellite qualification
satellite performance
Find a journal
Publish with us
Track your research

IAS Preparation
This Day in History
This Day In History Apr - 19

Launch of Satellite Aryabhatta - [April 19, 1975] This Day in History

India’s first indigenously-built satellite ‘Aryabhatta’ was launched on 19 April 1975. In this edition of This Day in History, you can read about the launch of India’s first satellite Aryabhatta for IAS exam science and technology segment.

‘Aryabhata’ satellite

The Aryabhatta was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation ( ISRO ). It was the country’s first artificial satellite. It was named after Aryabhatta, the 5th-century Indian mathematician and astronomer.

It was launched using a C-1 Intercosmos launch vehicle from Kapustin Yar, which is a Russian rocket launch and development site.

Aryabhata Satellite Details

There was an agreement between India and the USSR as per which the USSR could utilise Indian ports to track ships and launch vessels in return for which the USSR would launch Indian satellites. The agreement was signed in 1972 when UR Rao was the Chairman of ISRO.
The satellite had a launch mass of 360 kg with a power of 46 watts. Its orbit was for 96.46 minutes with an apogee of 619 km and a perigee of 563 km.
The purpose of the mission was research in astrophysics such as conducting experiments in X-ray astronomy, solar physics and aeronomics.
The satellite had a polyhedron shape with 26 sides. All except the top and bottom sides were covered with solar cells.
Aryabhatta’s data receiving station was in Bangalore.
There was a power failure after the satellite completed 60 orbits in four days. This led to a loss of signal from the satellite and the last date of contact was 24 April 1975. However, the spacecraft mainframe was active until March 1981.
The satellite came back to the earth’s atmosphere on 10 February 1992 giving it an orbital life of almost 17 years.
The Aryabhatta was an experimental mission intended to give Indians experience in taking the country’s space mission forward.
The ISRO and India’s space program has come a long way since 1975. Cut to 2018 when ISRO launched India’s 100 th satellite along with 30 others (28 were from different countries) showcasing India’s capabilities and resourcefulness in this domain.
The ISRO has been lauded in recent times for launching successful missions at a fraction of the cost incurred by organisations like NASA.
The Indian space program has a second Moon and Mars missions apart from a mission to study the Sun in the offing.

1955 : Death of Jim Corbett, British conservationist, author and naturalist.

See previous ‘This Day in History’ here .

For more UPSC- related preparation articles visit the links given in the table below. Candidates can visit the UPSC Syllabus page for more information about the general pattern of the exam.

IAS 2024 - Your dream can come true!

Download the ultimate guide to upsc cse preparation, register with byju's & download free pdfs, register with byju's & watch live videos.

30,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today

Meet top uk universities from the comfort of your home, here’s your new year gift, one app for all your, study abroad needs, start your journey, track your progress, grow with the community and so much more.

Verification Code

An OTP has been sent to your registered mobile no. Please verify

Thanks for your comment !

Our team will review it before it's shown to our readers.

School Education /

Essay on Aryabhatta: Samples in 150 and 300 Words

Updated on
Nov 11, 2023

Essay on Aryabhatta: A man of scientific temperament and astronomical knowledge, Aryabhatta has left an indestructible mark on India and the world. His accounts on Mathematics guide various dimensions of the subject like Arithmetic, Vedic Mathematics, Trigonometry , and Geometry. In addition, his discoveries in Astronomy introduced the world to the ‘Heliocentric Theory’.

With his theory, the world came to know that the sun and not Earth is the centre of the universe. All these are vividly mentioned in his stellar works- Aryabhatia and Aryabhatasiddhanta. To introduce you to his achievements, we have written a 150 and 300-word essay on Aryabhatta in this blog. Keep reading!!

Also Read: 20 Most Famous Indian Mathematicians

Essay on Aryabhatta in 150 Words

Here is an essay on Aryabhatta in 150 words:

Aryabhatta was born around the 4th century CE in Kusumpura, Bihar. He is one of India’s earliest mathematicians who flourished under the Gupta dynasty in ancient India. Under this empire, Aryabhatta composed two exceptional accounts- Aryabhatiya and Aryabhatasiddhanta. His books are a testament to his critical thinking and immense mathematical knowledge.

He has been credited with the discovery of trigonometric functions, the value of Pi, and algebraic identities. Furthermore, he is most popularly known for inventing Zero and finding its place in the number system. In addition to Mathematics, Aryabhatta has made ample contributions to the field of Astronomy. He was the one who propagated the ‘Heliocentric Theory’. According to this theory, planets revolve around the sun and it is not the other way around. Also, he explained the science behind solar and lunar eclipses.

Therefore, it is ideal to say that Aryabhatta was an excellent scientist with immense knowledge and an exceptional understanding of his surroundings.

Essay on Aryabhatta in 300 Words

Now, let us look at an essay on Aryabhatta in 300 words:

Born in the 4th century, Aryabhatta is one of India’s most acknowledged mathematicians and astronomers. He was born in Kusumpura, Kulpa, Bihar in the 4th century. His contributions and discoveries have left an indelible mark on Indian astrological traditions.

He revolutionised the Vedic method of solving mathematical problems. Also, he studied and evolved key Mathematical fields like plane and spherical trigonometry, arithmetic, and algebra. Owing to his astounding knowledge of Algebra, he is regarded as the ‘Father of Algebra’. Also, he approximated the value of ‘pi’ as 3.14. In addition, Aryabhatta made use of null coefficients while being cautious about the risks associated with using zero. In contrast to Brahmi numbers, he followed the Sanskritic tradition, which primarily used letters and alphabets for notation.

Furthermore, Aryabhatta’s accurate insight was that the Earth rotates daily on its axis around the sun, causing the apparent movement of stars. This contradicted the prevalent belief of his time, which held that the sky itself rotated. Heliocentrism is defined as the celestial body’s axial rotation’, supported by mathematical evidence.

In later years, Aryabhatta’s research, inquiries, and computations were translated into numerous languages to assist astronomers from different cultures. The most notable translations occurred during the Islamic Golden Age, with influential Arabian mathematicians like Al-Khawarizmi and Al-Biruni, who also believed in the Earth’s axial rotation, drawing upon some of Aryabhatta’s discoveries.

In the realm of scientific knowledge and global impact, Aryabhatta played a pivotal role in putting India on the map. He challenged and contradicted many prevailing beliefs of his era, providing compelling evidence through his calculations to support his assertions. His work has stood the test of time, remaining remarkably precise. Aryabhatta was one of the few scientists who dedicated their entire lives to an extraordinary and enduring legacy of achievement. His contributions are celebrated and acknowledged throughout India.

Zero was introduced in the value system by Aryabhatta.

All Mathematical and Astronomical concepts by Aryabhatta are compiled in Aryabhatia and Aryabhatasiddhanta.

According to this theory, planets revolve around the sun and it is not the other way around.

The mathematical value of Pi is 3.14

For more information on such interesting topics, visit our essay writing page and follow Leverage Edu .

Ankita Mishra

A writer with more than 10 years of experience, including 5 years in a newsroom, Ankita takes great pleasure in helping students via study abroad news updates about universities and visa policies. When not busy working you can find her creating memes and discussing social issues with her colleagues.

Connect With Us

30,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today.

Resend OTP in

Need help with?

Study abroad.

UK, Canada, US & More

IELTS, GRE, GMAT & More

Scholarship, Loans & Forex

Country Preference

New Zealand

Which English test are you planning to take?

Which academic test are you planning to take.

Not Sure yet

When are you planning to take the exam?

Already booked my exam slot

Within 2 Months

Want to learn about the test

Which Degree do you wish to pursue?

When do you want to start studying abroad.

January 2024

September 2024

What is your budget to study abroad?

How would you describe this article ?

Please rate this article

We would like to hear more.

Have something on your mind?

Make your study abroad dream a reality in January 2022 with

India's Biggest Virtual University Fair

Essex Direct Admission Day

Why attend .

Don't Miss Out

India’s Largest Career Transformation Portal

Essay on Aryabhatta for Students & Children in English [Easy Words]

January 16, 2021 by Sandeep

Essay on Aryabhatta: The first mathematician who discovered ‘0’ and ‘pi’ was Aryabhata. He was a genius mathematician from Bihar who lived during the Gupta dynasty rule. He was an ardent believer of Hindu traditions and greatly influenced by Bhagavad Gita’s teachings. He invented the number system and alongside an expert physicist and astronomer too. His groundbreaking theories on mathematics changed the way the world looks at science today. He discovered formulae for the area of triangle and volume of sphere.

Essay on Aryabhatta 500 Words in English

Below we have provided Aryabhatta Essay in English, suitable for class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10.

1500 Years ago “INDIAN” taught the world how to count. ”ARYABHATTA” INVENTED “ZERO”

He was born in a place called Aryabhata, in Bihar, and flourished in Kusumapura, near Pataliputra, the capital of the Gupta dynasty at that time. Aryabhatta, one of the most prolific mathematicians and astronomers ever to walk on Earth, was a quintessential influence on the Indian subcontinent’s astronomical culture and tradition. The origin of Earth being round and flat by Aryabhata was confirmed some thousand years later by the Western world. It explains his exceptional discernment and how futuristic his ideas were, as he did not have access to any science or technical equipment. Imagine what it would have been if equations were not based on trigonometric bases.

Countless mega-inventions should have been late or incomplete. Hindu, as well as the Buddhist traditions together, have described Aryabhata as having received the modern Patna education from Kusumpura. In fact, at some point in time, he is believed to have been the head of Nalanda University. Aryabhata is adulated for building an observatory at Bihar’s Sun Temple. Several archaeological testimonies indicate that it emerged in Kodungallur from the present day.

Works of Aryabhatta

His work Aryabhatiya consists astonishingly of several mathematical calculations and methodologies which have been followed even today. It covers algebra, trigonometry, arithmetic, fractions, quadratic equations, etc. The book of 108 verses is divided into four chapters, namely Gitikiapada, Ganitapada, Kalakriyapada, Golapada and others. His disciple Bhaskara I rediscovered this literature of the sutras.

Additionally, Arya-Siddhanta is a work of astronomical computations which Varahamira, Bramhagupta, and Bhaskara once lost and later revived. Persian scholar and Indian chronicler Al-Biruni listed the third Al-nanf development of Aryabhata that survived in translation into Arabic.

Contributions of Aryabhatta – Mathematical Discoveries

The reputation and influence of Aryabhatta originate from several groundbreaking achievements. His invention of the place value system was the basis of zero numeral in mathematics, a part which need not be clarified as indispensable. He worked successfully in Pi approximation and concluded that it was an irrational number. This was remarkable because no other genius in mathematics has even done it before him, and even today, his methods continue to elude the greatest minds.

He found that Pi could be used for measuring the circumference of a sphere. His measurement of the diameter of a sphere is genius phenomenally. In his calculations, Aryabhata never used Brahmi numerals; in fact, he used the letter of alphabets to represent the numbers he required. His trigonometric assessments estimate triangle area. Aryabhatta also developed sophisticated algebraic and indeterminate equations, such as series and cubes summation, as well as Diophantine equations.

Growth & Development
Play & Activities
Life Skills
Play & Learning
Learning & Education
Rhymes & Songs
Preschool Locator

Essay On Aryabhatta – 10 Lines, Short and Long Essay for Children

Key Points to Remember When Writing Essay On Aryabhatta For Lower Primary Classes

10 lines on aryabhatta for kids, short essay on aryabhatta in english for kids, long essay on aryabhatta for children, interesting facts about aryabhatta for kids, what will your child learn from the essay on aryabhatta.

You must have heard about Aryabhatta, our nation’s great mathematician and astronomer. He is renowned for his extraordinary skills as a mathematician. Kids can learn a great deal about him by writing an essay on Aryabhatta for classes 1, 2 and 3. Indians are still proud of the discoveries made by Aryabhatta. Some notable findings of Aryabhatta are the place value system, value of pi, algebraic identities, and trigonometric functions. The books authored by Arybhatta are precious for mathematicians. Aryabhata is an inspiring personality for aspiring mathematicians. Kids also need to know about such personalities and learn from their achievements. Essay writing is an essential skill for kids that will benefit them throughout their academic life.

Essay writing might seem easy but can be technical in many ways. Especially when writing an essay for kids, it is important to consider a few points. The following are the key points to remember when writing an essay on Aryabhatta for lower primary classes:

The heading must be captivating.
Statements should be simple and clear.
Sentences should be informative.
Easy use of language.
The conclusion should be precise and strong.

A 10-line essay on Aryabhatta would be the best method to assist them in learning about his great deeds. The following is an example of an essay for classes 1 and 2 on Aryabhatta.

Aryabhatta is a famous Indian mathematician, astronomer, and physicist.
He is still remembered for his groundbreaking discoveries and theories.
Aryabhatta was born around 476 A.D. during the Gupta Dynasty, in Bihar.
The trigonometric functions discovered by Aryabhatta are a significant part of modern mathematics.
Aryabhatta introduced the concept of “zero” and used it in the place value system, which has a substantial role in the world of numbers.
Aryabhata also authored three books on astronomy; however, only one of them is still available.
One of the famous books written by Aryabhatta is Aryabhatiya or Aryabhatiyam.
Aryabhatta has also written a poem that explains the five laws of mathematics.
The formulae given by Aryabhatta are used all around the world.
Inventions and discoveries of Arybhatta have played a critical role in the evolution of science and mathematics.

This is a short essay on Aryabhatta for kids in English. Students can use this essay to learn about the life of Arybhatta and his achievements.

Aryabhatta is the first Indian mathematician who made significant contributions to the field of mathematics and astronomy. He belonged to a small village in Bihar. He lived during the Gupta Dynasty and was born around 476 A.D. Despite being born in a small village in India, Arybhatta broke all the social stigmas present in the society and rose as a significant personality in mathematics and science.

His discoveries and theories have been the reason why modern science and math have grown so significantly. Aryabhatta made several significant discoveries and inventions which made modern innovations possible. Aryabhatta gave “zero” to the world. He also defined the value of “pi”, gave the place value system, and explained the structure of the solar system and the concept of revolution and rotation. It is impossible to imagine the current position of mathematics and astronomy without the discoveries made by Aryabhatta. The level of intellect and advanced thought process offered by Aryabhatta to the world is more than inspirational to modern-day kids.

The following is a long essay for classes 3 and above. This essay on Aryabhatta is beneficial for students to learn about the first Indian mathematician and his priceless contributions.

Aryabhatta has a significant influence on modern-day science and math. And his discoveries will always remain relevant to the entire world. The basics of mathematics given by Aryabhatta are still taught around all over the world. Every kid knows that “zero” was provided by the great Indian mathematician Aryabhatta. But that is not the only achievement or contribution made by Aryabhatta. There is a lot more about the life of Aryabhatta that the children must know.

Who Was Aryabhatta?

Aryabhata was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. He is still famous for his unrivalled knowledge in the subject of math. His discoveries are still relevant to modern-day mathematicians and scientists. He has made important discoveries like the value of pie, place value system, trigonometric functions, etc. He is also known for the discovery of “zero”.

Early Life And Education Of Aryabhatta

While the exact birthplace of Aryabhatta remains unknown, he was born around 475 A.D. According to the book Arybhatiya authored, he was born and lived in Bihar. His significant astronomical works present in Bihar, such as his observatories, are a major reason why it is believed that he was born in Bihar.

According to archaeologists, he studied in Kusumpura, Bihar only. Historians also believe that Aryabhatta was the head of the famous Nalanda University. While there is no clear evidence for information regarding the early life of Arybhatta, all the assumptions are made based on his book.

Discoveries And Contribution Of Aryabhatta

Aryabhatta has made a significant contribution to the world of mathematics. He has discovered several trigonometric functions that are still relevant in modern mathematics. The value of “pi” given by Aryabhatta has simplified the mathematics for users. Also, the invention of “zero” by Aryabhatta remains unrivalled by any other invention made so far. His book Aryabhatiya has many important astronomical theories.

Aryabhatta and his discoveries have been revolutionary, not only for mathematics but for astronomy as well. The heliocentric theory he gave explained the planets’ revolution around the sun. He has also calculated the speeds of the earth and sidereal rotation.

Death And Legacy Of Aryabhatta

The legacy of wisdom left by Aryabhatta has no geographical boundaries, and it clearly impacts India and neighbouring cultures. Scholars from all over the world believed in his theories and translated them to make them more accessible. The discoveries in the modern world have also proven that the theories given by Aryabhatta were correct. Some of his works were cited by great Arabian scholars, such as Al- Khawarizmi and Al- Biruni. His definitions of cosine and sine helped advance the world of Trignometry. The legacy of Aryabhatta is not only praised by the world but has also made a significant contribution to the upliftment of humans.

Quick facts are really helpful for kids to learn about a particular subject. The following are some interesting facts about Aryabhatta for kids:

Aryabhatta defined terms like equator, vertical, horizon, meridian, and parallax.
Aryabhata was the first astronomer who explained that the stars’ movements result from the earth’s rotation.
Aryabhatta gave “zero” and used it in his place value system.
The Aryabhatiya by Arybhatta is written in verse couplets.
Arybhatiya is divided in different sections named Gitikapadam, Ganitapada, Kalakriyapada, and Golapada.

An essay on Aryabhatta shall be really helpful for your kid to know more about his inventions and discoveries. The achievements of Aryabhatta are inspirational for every little kid. The essay would also benefit the kid’s comprehension skills.

1. How Important Are Aryabhatta’s Invention To The Modern World?

Aryabhata has explained the rotation and revolution of the planets. He has also explained eclipses. The value of “pi” given by Aryabhatta has also played an essential role in the advancement present in the modern world.

2. Which Book Did Aryabhatta Write, And What Information Does It Consist?

Aryabhatta wrote the book Aryabhatiya. This book has different parts, and every aspect talks about various things like cosmology and mathematical calculations, including arithmetic and geometric equations, count of months, days, and weeks, the cause of eclipse, the shape of the earth, and many more.

Learning about inspiring personalities can be helpful for kids in a variety of ways. It will build confidence within them and inspire them to dream bigger. Also, the skill of essay writing would help them in the classroom and in competitions.

Essay On Bhagat Singh For Children Essay On Mother Teresa For Classes 1, 2 & 3 How To Write An Essay On Swami Vivekananda For Kids

Essays for Class 1
Essays for Class 2
Essays for Class 3

5 Recommended Books To Add To Your Child’s Reading List and Why

5 absolute must-watch movies and shows for kids, 15 indoor toys that have multiple uses and benefits, leave a reply cancel reply.

Most Popular

The best toys for newborns according to developmental paediatricians, the best toys for three-month-old baby brain development, recent comments.

FirstCry Intelli Education is an Early Learning brand, with products and services designed by educators with decades of experience, to equip children with skills that will help them succeed in the world of tomorrow.

The FirstCry Intellikit `Learn With Stories` kits for ages 2-6 brings home classic children`s stories, as well as fun activities, specially created by our Early Learning Educators.

For children 6 years and up, explore a world of STEAM learning, while engaging in project-based play to keep growing minds busy!

Build a love for reading through engaging book sets and get the latest in brain-boosting toys, recommended by the educators at FirstCry Intellitots.

Our Comprehensive 2-year Baby Brain Development Program brings to you doctor-approved toys for your baby`s developing brain.

Our Preschool Chain offers the best in education across India, for children ages 2 and up.

Welcome to the world of Intelli!

We have some FREE Activity E-books waiting for you. Fill in your details below so we can send you tailor- made activities for you and your little one.

Parent/Guardian's Name

Child's DOB

What would you like to receive other than your Free E-book? I would like information, discounts and offers on toys, books and products I want to find a FirstCry Intellitots Preschool near me I want access to resources for my child's development and/or education

Welcome to the world of intelli!

FREE guides and worksheets coming your way on whatsapp. Subscribe Below !!

THANK YOU!!!

Here are your free guides and worksheets.

Essay on Aryabhatta | 500+ Words

Aryabhata, a name that echoes through the annals of history, was an extraordinary Indian mathematician and astronomer who lived more than 1,500 years ago. In this essay, we will delve into the remarkable life and achievements of Aryabhata, exploring why he deserves recognition and admiration.

Aryabhata’s Background

Aryabhata was born in 476 CE in ancient India, a land steeped in rich traditions of mathematics and astronomy. During his time, he made groundbreaking contributions that laid the foundation for future advancements in these fields. His seminal work, the “Aryabhatiya,” was a mathematical and astronomical masterpiece that showcased his genius.

Innovations in Mathematics

Aryabhata revolutionized mathematics with his invention of the decimal system. He introduced the concept of “zero” (0) as a placeholder, a fundamental idea that made arithmetic calculations significantly more efficient. His contributions to mathematics were pivotal in shaping modern mathematics.

Astronomical Prowess

Aryabhata was not only a mathematician but also a brilliant astronomer. He accurately calculated the length of a year, which he determined to be 365 days, 6 hours, 12 minutes, and 30 seconds. His precise measurements of celestial bodies paved the way for future astronomers.

Innovative Trigonometry

Aryabhata made significant advancements in trigonometry. He introduced trigonometric functions and tables, making it easier to perform complex astronomical calculations. His work greatly influenced the field of trigonometry, which is still studied today.

Understanding the Solar System

Aryabhata proposed a heliocentric model of the solar system, in which he suggested that the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun. This idea was revolutionary for its time and laid the groundwork for modern heliocentric theories.

Pi and Square Roots

Aryabhata approximated the value of pi (π) as 3.1416, a remarkable approximation considering the tools available during his era. He also developed methods for finding square roots, another significant mathematical achievement.

Legacy and Influence

Aryabhata’s work had a profound impact not only in India but also in neighboring regions and even beyond. His ideas traveled along trade routes and influenced scholars in the Islamic world and Europe, contributing to the global advancement of mathematics and astronomy.

Conclusion of Essay on Aryabhatta

In conclusion, Aryabhata was an intellectual giant of his time, a mathematician and astronomer whose contributions continue to shape our world today. His innovative ideas in mathematics, astronomy, and trigonometry set the stage for centuries of scientific progress. Aryabhata’s legacy is a testament to the power of human curiosity, intelligence, and dedication to expanding the boundaries of knowledge.

As we reflect on the life and achievements of Aryabhata, we are reminded of the timeless quest for understanding the universe and the infinite potential of the human mind. Aryabhata’s work serves as an inspiration for future generations of scientists, mathematicians, and astronomers, reminding us that the pursuit of knowledge knows no boundaries and that brilliance can emerge from the most unexpected places and times.

Through his mathematical genius and astronomical insights, Aryabhata has left an indelible mark on the world, and we are all beneficiaries of his enduring legacy.

Also Check: The Essay on Essay: All you need to know

Talk to our experts

1800-120-456-456

Aryabhatta Essay In English

Aryabhatta: The Master of Mathematics

Aryabhatta was the first mathematician and astronomer of India. He had acquired vast knowledge in the field of mathematics. He also discovered several things for which Indians feel proud of even now. His renowned discoveries were algebraic identities, trigonometric functions, the value of pi, and the place value system, etc. Aryabhatta wrote many famous books which are treated as Bible in Mathematics. Many youngsters were inspired by Aryabhatta in the field of mathematics. His contribution to society is highly acclaimed to date.

Early Life

Aryabhatta was born in 475 A.D. in an unknown place. But according to his book ‘Aryabhatiya’, he lived in Kusumpura, the modern-day Patna. The archaeologists hold this belief till today that he continued his studies in Kusumpura. The reason behind the beliefs is his significant works of astronomy were found in Kusumpura.

Therefore, it can be believed that Aryabhatta spent most of his life in this place. Besides this, it is believed by some historians that he was the head of the Nalanda University in Kusumpura. All of the aforementioned theories are based on guesses and hypotheses because no proper evidence is there except the books written by Aryabhatta. Some of the records were lost and are not found until now.

Contributions of Aryabhatta

The major contribution of Aryabhatta was in the field of mathematics. Various trigonometric functions were discovered by him which are very much relevant in modern-day mathematics. Aryabhatta’s invention regarding the value of ‘pi’ eradicates the complications in mathematics. But, his invention of place value and zero is the masterstroke in the domain of mathematics. There are many astronomical theories written in the book ‘Aryabhatiya’.

Aryabhatta was not only efficient in Mathematics but he also had immense knowledge of astronomy. According to his heliocentric theory, planets revolve around the sun. He calculated the speed of the various planets concerning the Sun with the help of his theory. The sidereal rotation was also calculated by him. One of his major discoveries in the field of astronomy was the sidereal year which states that it should be 365 days, 6 hours, 12 minutes, and 30 seconds in a year. This deviates from the present-day value by only 3 minutes and 20 seconds.

It was Aryabhatta who correctly discovered the fact that the earth rotates on its axis. He also anticipated the geocentric model of the solar system which said the earth to be the centre of the universe. The sun, the moon, and the planets rotate around it. Solar and lunar eclipses were also described in his book. The fact that solar eclipse and lunar eclipse take place due to the shadow-casting of the earth and the moon was explained in his book.

It can be said that the approximations made by Aryabhatta in the field of astronomy were very much accurate. The core of the computational paradigm is generated by the theories of Aryabhatta. As Indian citizens, we should feel proud of Aryabhatta because he had invented such things which can’t be imagined in the present day without the facilities of modern equipment.

The Legacy of Aryabhatta

Aryabhatta left a legacy of wisdom not only in Indian culture but also in the neighbouring cultures. His astronomical observations were very believed and translated into various languages of the neighbouring countries. The modern world discoveries proved that he was right about the position of the sun being in the centre of the solar system and his theory on all the planets revolving around the centre. Aryabhatta also gave a brief introduction to why and how a lunar eclipse takes place. His legacy of knowledge is very well praised in the modern world for all the contributions he made in cosmology.

Aryabhatta is very well known as the father of Indian Mathematics. He made various mathematical discoveries. The most well-known is the value of pi. Aryabhatta is the one who gave all the digits of the value of pi. These discoveries may seem minor but they did change the course of the development of concepts of a complex subject like mathematics.

FAQs on Aryabhatta Essay In English

1. What was discovered by Aryabhatta?

Aryabhatta is one of the most renowned Indian mathematicians. He was the one who formulated the first 10 decimal places. He also gave the algorithms that are used for obtaining a square root and a cubic root. He also explained how we should use the decimal number system. He introduced the trigonometric system and the entire value of pi. Aryabhatta is also a very famous astronomer. He was able to prove that the sun is located at the centre of the solar system and all the planets revolve around the sun.

2. Did Aryabhatta discover ‘zero’?

Yes, Aryabhatta discovered zero. Aryabhatta gave the digit ‘0’. For this discovery, Aryabhatta is considered immortal. Not only zero, but Aryabhatta also made many other contributions in mathematics. He is also known as the Father of Indian mathematics due to his contributions. Aryabhatta discovered zero by using it in the decimal system. He made the concept of zero and used it in large numbers. Aryabhatta made many more discoveries in mathematics such as trigonometric equations, the value of pi, equations on mathematical progression, and quadratic equations.

3. How important are Aryabhatta’s discoveries to the modern world?

All of Aryabhatta’s discoveries are of utmost importance to the modern world. Whether it is the discovery of the position of the sun in the solar system or equations in mathematics. Aryabhatta did commendable work that led to so many discoveries that are the base of so many technologies of the modern world. The most important discovery is the discovery of zero, the value of pi, and the decimal system. This solved many mathematical theories and led to many modern-day equations used to solve many problems.

4. Which book did Aryabhatta write?

Aryabhatta authored various books. His books are mostly on mathematics and astronomy. Aryabhatta’s most renowned book is Aryabhatiya. Aryabhatiya talks about mathematics and astronomy. This book is written in Sanskrit, though it is available in translated texts. This book is divided into four sections and has a total of 121 verses. This book gives brief information on cosmology and mathematics. In cosmology, Aryabhatta gives information on the location of the sun and the planets. In mathematics, there are verses on mathematical progression, geometry, and quadratic equations.

5. What is the education of Aryabhatta?

Aryabhatta completed his education at the ancient University of Nalanda. He, later on, served as the head of that same Institute. The University of Nalanda was located in Pataliputra in that AD. During his stay at the university, he explained how the sun is located at the centre of the solar system and the planets revolve around it. He later relocated to Bihar where he continued his studies at one of the study centres in Kusumapura. He settled in Bihar and spent most of his life there.

Grammar Library

10 lines on Aryabhata Satellite – Grammar Library

From high above in space, satellites help us understand our world better. One special satellite named Aryabhata took a giant leap into orbit many years ago. This satellite wasn’t just any piece of technology; it marked a historic moment for India as its first venture into space. This satellite has a story filled with fascinating science and groundbreaking achievements. Today, we’ll explore ten interesting lines about the Aryabhata Satellite, highlighting its importance and the incredible journey it embarked on. Let’s discover more about this pioneer of space that opened new doors for future explorations.

Table of Contents

10 lines on Aryabhata Satellite – Set 1

Aryabhata was India’s first satellite.
It was named after an ancient Indian mathematician.
The satellite launched on April 19, 1975.
It was sent into space by a Soviet rocket.
Aryabhata weighed about 360 kilograms.
It was built to study outer space.
The satellite orbited the Earth many times.
It helped scientists learn about the universe.
Aryabhata’s mission lasted 17 days.
It marked the beginning of India’s space journey.

10 lines on Aryabhata Satellite – Set 2

Aryabhata was India’s first satellite, launched into space on April 19, 1975.
It was named after Aryabhata, a famous Indian mathematician and astronomer.
The satellite was launched by a rocket called Kosmos-3M from a place in Russia.
Aryabhata weighed about 360 kilograms, which is as heavy as a small car.
Its main job was to study outer space and gather information about the stars and Earth.
The satellite was shaped like a big sphere with many sides, almost looking like a large soccer ball.
Aryabhata had solar panels like wings to collect energy from the sun to work its instruments.
It was designed to work for 6 months, but it sent useful data back to Earth for only 5 days.
Despite the short working period, Aryabhata helped India learn a lot about space technology.
It marked the beginning of India’s journey into space research and inspired many more satellites.

10 lines on Aryabhata Satellite – Set 3

The Aryabhata satellite was made by the Indian Space Research Organisation, known as ISRO.
This historic satellite took off from a Soviet launch site near the Volga River.
Aryabhata helped India become the 11th country to launch its own satellite into space.
The satellite’s main goals were to explore the skies and help improve science in India.
Aryabhata carried scientific instruments to study conditions in space like cosmic rays.
It also looked at how the Earth’s atmosphere behaves when exposed to the sun’s radiation.
Although it stopped sending data after a few days, Aryabhata orbited Earth for 17 years.
The satellite finally came back to Earth in 1992, burning up in the atmosphere.
Aryabhata’s success led to the launch of many more satellites by India, boosting its space program.
Today, Aryabhata is remembered as a pioneering step that showed the world India’s capabilities in space science.

Budget 2024–25

Fact sheets and other health, aged care and sport information from the 2024–25 Budget.

Scroll down to access downloads and media.

Ministers' media releases

Budget 2024–⁠25: Cheaper medicines, new Medicare Urgent Care Clinics and more free mental health services in a stronger Medicare

Budget 2024–⁠25: Investing in quality aged care

Portfolio Budget Statements

Budget 2024–25: Health and Aged Care Portfolio Budget Statements

Stakeholder pack

Budget 2024–⁠25: Stakeholder pack

Budget 2024–25: Budget overview

Budget 2024–25: Ensuring all Australians get the health care they need

Fact sheets

Budget 2024–⁠25: Strengthening Medicare

Budget 2024–⁠25: Cheaper medicines

Budget 2024–⁠25: Quality aged care

Budget 2024–25: A fit and healthy Australia

We aim to provide documents in an accessible format. If you're having problems using a document with your accessibility tools, please contact us for help .

About the department

Is there anything wrong with this page?

Help us improve health.gov.au

If you would like a response please use the enquiries form instead.

With Europe’s support, North African nations push migrants to the desert

“There is Algeria, follow the light,” the Tunisian official barked at the Black migrants. “If you’re seen here, you’ll be shot.”

François, a 38-year-old Cameroonian, obeyed, jumping off the bed of a pickup truck near the desolate Algerian frontier. A day earlier, the rickety boat attempting to carry him and other hopeful sub-Saharan Africans to Europe — including his wife and 6-year-old stepson — had been interdicted by the Tunisian coast guard in the cobalt blue waters off the coast. Still wet and cold, the group of 30 migrants, including two pregnant women, now walked toward their punishment: the desert.

Their ordeal — an odyssey of at least 345 miles from sea to sand, recounted by François and verified by matching GPS tracking on his phone with images and videos he captured during nine days of wandering — illustrates one example of the draconian practices being deployed in at least three North African nations to dissuade sub-Saharan migrants from risky crossings to Europe.

The clandestine operations mainly targeting Black migrants had a silent partner: Europe.

A year-long joint investigation by The Washington Post, Lighthouse Reports and a consortium of international media outlets shows how the European Union and individual European nations are supporting and financing aggressive operations by governments in North Africa to detain tens of thousands of migrants each year and dump them in remote areas, often barren deserts.

European funds have been used to train personnel and buy equipment for units implicated in desert dumps and human rights abuses, records and interviews show. Migrants have been pushed back into the most inhospitable parts of North Africa, exposing them to abandonment with no food or water, kidnapping, extortion, sale as human chattel, torture, sexual violence and, in the worst instances, death.
Spanish security forces in Mauritania photographed and reviewed lists of migrants before they were driven to Mali against their will and left to wander for days in an area where violent Islamist groups operate, according to testimony and documents.
In Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia, vehicles of the same make and model as those provided by European countries to local security forces rounded up Black migrants from streets or transported them from detention centers to remote regions, according to filmed footage, verified images, migrant testimony and interviews with officials.
European officials held internal discussions on some of the abusive practices since at least 2019, and were flagged to allegations in reports by the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and Frontex, the E.U. border agency.

About this project

The E.U. provided more than 400 million euros to Tunisia, Morocco and Mauritania between 2015 and 2021 under its largest migration fund, the E.U. Emergency Trust Fund for Africa, an initiative to foster local economic growth and stem migration. In addition, the E.U. has funded dozens of other projects that are difficult to quantify and track due to a lack of transparency in the E.U.’s funding system.

To confront a surge of irregular migration last year, Europe moved to deepen its partnerships in North Africa, offering an extra 105 million euros to Tunisia last year and signing a deal in February with Mauritania to provide an additional 210 million euros.

The investigation — focused on Tunisia, Morocco and Mauritania, three countries with some of the deepest E.U. partnerships — amounts to the most comprehensive attempt yet to document European knowledge of and involvement with anti-migrant operations in North Africa. It is based on firsthand observations by journalists, analysis of visual evidence, geospatial mapping, internal E.U. documents, and interviews with 50 migrants who were victims of dumps, as well as European and North African officials, and other people familiar with the operations. Like François, many of the migrants agreed to speak on the condition that only their first names be used, out of fear of retribution.

In Tunisia, visual evidence and testimony were used to verify 11 dumps — of as many as 90 migrants each — in the desert near the borders with Libya and Algeria, one as recent as this month, as well as one instance in which migrants were handed over at the Libyan border and detained. At least 29 people were reported to have died, with dozens missing after being dumped or expelled from Tunisia on the Libyan border, according to the U.N. Support Mission in Libya and humanitarian organizations.

The E.U., under its own laws as well as international treaties, is obliged to ensure that its funds are spent in ways that respect fundamental human rights. But the European Commission, the bloc’s executive branch, has conceded that human rights assessments are not conducted when funding migrant management projects abroad. Agencies that receive E.U. funds are expected to monitor implementation in partnership with external consultants. But accountability for how equipment and funding are used is often opaque, and senior European officials privately concede that it is “impossible” to regulate all uses.

In comments to European lawmakers in January, Ylva Johansson, the E.U. minister in charge of migration, acknowledged reports of desert dumps in at least one country — Tunisia — and conceded that “I can’t say that this practice has stopped.” But she categorically denied that the bloc was “sponsoring” the mistreatment or deportation of migrants through financial support.

A spokesperson for the European Commission said in a statement that migrant management aid to North African countries is designed to combat human trafficking and “defend the rights” of migrants. The bloc, the statement said, seeks to monitor programs through “spot verification missions,” “monitoring exercises” and external evaluations.

Senior officials in Tunisia, Morocco and Mauritania denied racial profiling and the dumping of migrants in remote areas. They insisted that migrant rights were being respected, though officials in Tunisia and Mauritania have said that some migrants have been returned or deported over their arid borders.

“The fact is European states do not want to be the ones to have dirty hands. They do not want to be considered responsible for the violation of human rights,” said Marie-Laure Basilien-Gainche, a human rights and legal expert at France’s Jean Moulin Lyon 3 university. “So they are subcontracting these violations to third states. But I think, really, according to international law, they are responsible.”

Critics note that the operations are also being carried out against the backdrop of a growing backlash across Europe against irregular migration, an issue that is dominating political debates ahead of key June elections for the European Parliament in which the far right is poised to make record gains.

Analysts and former officials say the objective of the operations in North Africa is clear: deterrence.

“You have to make life difficult for” migrants, said a contractor who worked on projects financed by the E.U. Emergency Trust Fund for Africa. The person spoke on the condition that his name be withheld so as not to jeopardize future contracts. “Complicate their lives. So, if a migrant from Guinea is in [Morocco], and you take him to the Sahara two times, the third time he … asks for a voluntary return home.”

The investigation established through witness testimony, videos taken by reporters and footage verified by The Post that anti-migrant operations often involve raids or random street roundups based on racial profiling — the use of which has been acknowledged in E.U. documents. One internal report on Morocco from Frontex, obtained through a freedom of information request, noted “allegations of racial profiling and excessive use of force by the police and other law enforcement officials against migrants, asylum-seekers, and refugees, as well as arbitrary arrests, detentions, and forced relocation from the north to the south, which disproportionately affected migrants from sub-Saharan countries.”

In the Moroccan capital of Rabat, journalists observed three instances over three days in which auxiliary forces that receive E.U. funding rounded up Black migrants in vans. Dozens of videos of similar operations by the same forces were verified as having taken place in Fes, Tangier and Tan-Tan, as well as Laayoune in Moroccan-controlled Western Sahara.

“When they see a Black guy, they come,” said Lamine, a 25-year-old from Guinea who, since early 2023, said he has been repeatedly detained and beaten in Rabat, then dumped in the interior by Moroccan forces despite having refugee papers from UNHCR.

In a statement, Morocco’s Interior Ministry described allegations of racial profiling in migrant removals as “baseless” and said migrants were only relocated to protect them from “trafficking networks” and for “increased protection.” It said European “technical support” for migrant management was “minimal compared to the efforts and costs incurred by our country.”

Wandering in the desert

The Sahara has become an increasingly frequent and perilous punishment for migrants daring to cross the sea to Europe.

François, the 38-year-old from Cameroon, had set off four times in overcrowded boats from the Tunisian coast in the hopes of reaching Europe. All four times, he was picked up at sea and returned to land.

Three times, his detention by authorities led to dumps with other migrants at the desolate Algerian border, he said in interviews describing his experiences. His longest ordeal was in September.

François departed from near the Tunisian city of Sfax in the early hours of Sept. 19 in a crowded boat under the cover of darkness. As the sun rose, and less than 20 miles from shore, they were intercepted by a small patrol vessel of the Tunisian National Guard.

A larger national guard boat arrived to take them to shore. François identified this vessel as identical to one in a photo provided by a reporter of those supplied to Tunisia by the Italian government.

At port, he said, the migrants were beaten with sticks. About 300 of them were loaded onto buses by armed guards and driven hours inland.

At a border guard post near Dar ’Abd al ’Aziz, François, along with his wife and his young stepson, were separated from the rest and put with nearly 30 other exhausted migrants.

Piled into pickup trucks, they were dumped in an arid canyon just over 10 miles from the Algerian border at 4 a.m.

Tunisian guards demanded they cross the border, but as they approached, Algerian forces fired warning shots. So they turned back toward Tunisia.

“It was cold. We were soaked; all our clothes were wet,” François said. “No one had a sweater or a coat. We were looking for two things: to find food, and follow the first rays of the sun to warm up.”

Detained again by Tunisian authorities a few hours later, they were driven further north to be dumped once more.

François’s GPS tracking ended by a building one mile from the Algerian border. He said the national guard searched them and told them to cross the border.

“The place was barren, no sand, a succession of small mountain chains. … Tunisia was behind me, Algeria before me.”

“We had better knowledge of Tunisia, so it was better for us to return to Tunisia.”

They waited two hours, then started to walk.

The group, including two pregnant women, wandered for nine more days.

In remote border towns, François said they begged for bread and water, sometimes receiving it. After being violently assaulted in one village, he said, they went off-road.

“In the middle of the desert, you look left and right. There’s nothing,” François said. Some began to hallucinate until they navigated to the town of Tajerouine.

Witness accounts and visuals reviewed by The Post place the Tunisian National Guard at the center of desert dump operations. Between 2015 and 2023, the German federal police deployed 449 staff members and spent more than 1 million euros to train nearly 4,000 Tunisian national guards. As the dumps were ongoing in November 2023, a 9 million euro border-management training center opened in Tunisia, funded by Austria, Denmark and the Netherlands.

François’s

coordinates

Mediterranean

likely journey

François’s likely

journey by foot,

François’s coordinates

tracked by phone GPS

by foot, based

on geolocated

“I think that Tunisia isn’t responsible for what’s happening,” François said. “The E.U. doesn’t like us. Why is the sub-Saharan man seen as garbage?”

‘Abusive collective expulsions’

Last year, the E.U. recorded 380,227 irregular border arrivals , the third increase in three years and the highest number since the region’s Syrian-led refugee crisis of 2015 to 2016. The political fallout has Europe scrambling to turn North Africa into a cordon to curb illegal entries.

In Tunisia, President Kais Saied recently acknowledged “ongoing coordination” of migration returns with “neighboring countries,” and said Tunisian military forces were intervening to stop irregular migration. “Tunisia will not be a place for them, and Tunisia is working not to be a crossing point for them,” he told his national security council earlier this month.

Migrants’ nationalities range widely depending on their access points into Europe, with the largest route — across the central Mediterranean to Italy — dominated last year by Guineans, Tunisians and Ivorians.

In Tunisia, where Saied has floated a “great replacement theory” that sub-Saharan Africans are trying to supplant Arabs in his country and where Black migrants have been targeted for arrest , more-aggressive tactics have led to ebbing numbers on the central Mediterranean route. That route saw a 59 percent plunge in first-quarter arrivals this year, along with a changing demographic: So far in 2024, no sub-Saharan countries figure in the top nationalities traversing it.

In a statement, the Tunisian Foreign Ministry insisted that it upholds migrants’ rights, only expels them “voluntarily” and only then to countries of origin. The ministry dismissed all allegations in this report made by migrants against its security forces as inflammatory.

The ministry heralded 2,718 operations during the first four months of this year that it said had “saved” and “prevented” 21,545 migrants from crossing the sea to Europe and stopped another 21,462 from “infiltrating Tunisian territory” by land.

European officials have hailed those outcomes.

“This cooperation brings many results. I am thinking, for example, of migration management,” Italy’s hard-right Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni said during an April visit to Tunis, where she praised Saied’s efforts.

In Mauritania, Spanish officials have enabled aggressive tactics, providing vehicles for migrant transport, aiding in sea interceptions, embedding with raids on migrants and human smugglers, and funding new detention centers, according to tenders, interviews with Mauritanian officials and Spanish promotional videos.

Spanish authorities also appear to be complicit in desert dumps.

In January, Idiatou, 23, and Bella, 27, two friends from Guinea, were taken to the Ksar migrant detention center — a cluster of heavily guarded and walled buildings — in the Mauritanian capital of Nouakchott after a failed attempt to cross by sea to Spain. The center has become a transit point used by Mauritanian officials before they move migrants to the distant border with war-torn Mali, often without food or water, according to interviews with detainees and aid workers.

A person familiar with Idiatou’s and Bella’s incarceration said that two officials from the Spanish police photographed the women during their detention. According to the person, who spoke on the condition of anonymity out of fear of retribution, the officers additionally reviewed a list of prisoners — obtained by the consortium of media outlets — who were later deported to Mali. As with other migrants interviewed for this article, both women said they were denied due process.

In an interview, the women recalled seeing “White” officers who Mauritanian officials told them were Spanish police before being loaded onto a deportation bus. Reporters on the ground observed that bus, a white Toyota Coaster with tinted windows, as it departed Ksar, and followed it for 10 miles along the N3 highway, a road that leads toward Mali.

Ksar Detention

Ksar Detention Center

Many vehicles used by Mauritanian authorities to detain and deport migrants were bought with Spanish funds, according to a senior European official who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss a sensitive issue. Reporters on the ground filmed Toyota pickup trucks going in and out of detention facilities that were of the same make and model as those tendered by the Spanish development agency FIIAPP and the Spanish Interior Ministry. These include Toyota Hilux pickups supplied by Spain in 2019 with the stated purpose of being used by Mauritanian authorities to combat “illegal migration,” according to tenders.

A report from European Parliament members visiting Mauritania in December described a Spanish coast guard team present at the scene as migrants were returned to shore after attempting a sea crossing. Notes from the report stated that after the migrants were screened, most were “swiftly conducted to the border.” Gilles Lebreton, a member of the European Parliament from the French far right who was on that mission, confirmed that officials had been told about deportations to the borders with Mali and Senegal.

A leaked UNHCR document from 2023 also stated that the agency had interviewed more than 300 people deported from Mauritania to Gogui, Mali. A European Parliament document on negotiations between the E.U. border agency and Mauritania said asylum seekers and migrants in Mauritania faced “abusive collective expulsions to Senegal and Mali” and deportation without due process.

In response to a detailed request for comment, Spain’s Interior Ministry did not confirm or deny knowledge of desert dumps, the use of vehicles purchased with Spanish funds in those operations, or that its officers were in a detention center documenting migrants to be involuntarily deported.

The ministry acknowledged that Spain has deployed a force of about 50 police and civil guard officers in Mauritania to “investigate and dismantle human trafficking mafias.” Those forces, the ministry said, were operating with “full respect” for the “human rights and freedoms” of migrants.

The Spanish development agency FIIAPP denied awareness of dumps, and said Spanish police officers working with its programs in Mauritania “had never witnessed any actions by the Mauritanian police that violate human rights.” Those officers, the agency said, also denied having photographed “any migrants in any center.” It declined to confirm whether vehicles filmed by the consortium in anti-migrant operations were provided by the agency, citing security concerns.

Asked about the Spanish police officers in the detention center, Nani Ould Chrougha, Mauritania’s government spokesman, said in a written statement that a bilateral agreement with Madrid “provides for a number of mutual commitments, including the exchange of information in the fight against illegal immigration while respecting the privacy of individuals and the protection of their personal data.”

He said that migrants who attempt to cross the sea to Europe were subject to deportation, but rejected claims that migrants in Mauritania suffered any mistreatment. Those deported to neighboring countries, he said, were being handed over to “competent authorities” at “official border posts.” He stated that migrants were only being repatriated to their countries of origin.

The two women from Guinea, however, said Mauritanian forces left their group in a desolate, unpopulated part of the frontier with Mali, then “chased” them toward the border “like animals.” They walked in a monochromatic landscape for four days until they reached a Malian village where they eventually arranged a ride on to a relative in Senegal.

The tactic seemed to have its desired effect.

“Had I known all this was going to happen, I would not have tried” to go to Europe, Bella said. “I swear I would not. Because we suffered a lot. … We have nothing.”

Ransom demands

Some detained migrants suffer even worse fates.

Moussa, a 39-year-old migrant from Cameroon, recalled cowering in the desert sand with other Black men on the Libyan frontier in November. Rounded up on the streets of Tunisia’s Sfax hours earlier, the sub-Saharan migrants had been forced into white Nissan trucks emblazoned with the emblem of the national police. At an off-road border guard post, Moussa said he watched as Libyan militiamen handed a briefcase to one of the Tunisian officials.

He guessed at what his new Libyan captors would later confirm: The migrants were being sold.

Moussa’s cousin, a 20-year-old from Cameroon detained with him, confirmed his account. The investigation also reviewed testimony with similar allegations that other migrants provided to Doctors Without Borders and to Refugees in Libya.

In Tunisia, security forces are in possession of at least 143 Nissan Navara pickup trucks provided by Italy and Germany between 2017 and 2023 to “fight human traffickers” or “combat irregular immigration and organized crime,” according to tenders and posts on the embassy Facebook accounts of those countries. Moussa and his cousin said they were forced, along with other migrants, into a vehicle of identical make and model. The Post has verified multiple videos showing the same Nissan vehicles involved in other detentions of migrants in Sfax.

Italy’s Foreign Ministry and prime minister’s office both declined to comment; its Interior Ministry did not respond to a request for comment. Germany’s Interior Ministry, in a statement, acknowledged awareness of limited transfers of “refugees and migrants to the Libyan-Tunisian and Algerian-Tunisian border region in the summer of 2023,” and said that Berlin has “repeatedly made clear to Tunisian partners” that the human rights of migrants “must be respected,” calling the issue “a regular topic of discussion.”

Moussa said that, after his sale to plainclothes militiamen carrying AR-style rifles, he was taken to a small, dirt-floor prison in the Libyan outpost of Al Assah, about 35 miles south of the coastal border crossing at Ra’s Ajdir. There, roughly 500 migrants were packed together under a corrugated roof. Intermediaries told him to provide a phone number for his family in Cameroon, from whom a ransom was demanded. One guard bragged that Moussa and other migrants had been bought for the sum of 20 Tunisian dinars each, a little over $6.

The only toilet in the migrants’ holding pen was a hole in one corner. They were fed once a day, scrumming for noodles served on communal pans. Moussa and other migrants were repeatedly beaten, he said. Speaking via video from a Libyan city, he showed scars on his feet that he said were from machete hacks by guards.

To keep the migrants in line, his captors would sometimes randomly fire their weapons. Moussa said he witnessed three migrants die of wounds caused by stray bullets. He was released after his mother — who in a telephone interview from Cameroon confirmed Moussa’s account — spent two months raising the equivalent of $1,000 to pay for his freedom. Unable to bathe during confinement, he said he emerged ridden with scabies and lice. He was dropped off in a coastal Libyan city where he is now working odd jobs for various employers, some of whom, he said, brandish guns after his work is done and then refuse to pay his wages.

“What they’re doing to us is still the system of slavery,” said Moussa, who said he lacks the means to leave Libya. “They have no respect for human beings, no respect for the African man.”

Beatriz Ramalho da Silva, Eman El-Sherbiny, Monica C. Camacho, Tomas Statius, José Bautista, Andrei Popoviciu, Nissim Gasteli, Virgile Demoustier, Jarrett Ley, Junne Alcantara, Laris Karklis and Sarah Hashemi contributed to this report.

Supported by

news analysis

U.S. Military Faces Reality in Gaza as Aid Project Struggles

The Pentagon predicted that a stream of humanitarian aid would be arriving in Gaza via the floating pier, but little relief has reached the besieged strip, officials acknowledged this week.

Share full article

Three figures are seen in silhouette carrying boxes with the sea behind them.

By Helene Cooper and Adam Rasgon

Reporting from Washington and Jerusalem

In the week since the U.S. military and allies attached a temporary pier to the Gaza shoreline, Pentagon planners have come face to face with the logistical nightmare that critics had warned would accompany the endeavor.

The Defense Department predicted that a steady stream of humanitarian aid would be arriving in Gaza via the pier by now, but little relief has reached Palestinians in the besieged strip, officials acknowledged this week. Several trucks were looted as they made their way to a warehouse, the U.N. World Food Program said, and the complexity of operating the pier project in a war zone is continuing to slow distribution.

The problems, as expected, are on the back end of the operation. Looting of aid trucks has continued, officials said, and forced the World Food Program to suspend operations for two days. The U.N. agency for Palestinian refugees, UNRWA, suspended food distribution in Rafah on Tuesday, citing lack of security. It added that it had not received any medical supplies for 10 days because of closures and disruptions at the Rafah and Kerem Shalom border crossings.

The project was always expected to be difficult. For one thing, White House policy does not allow U.S. troops to be on the ground in Gaza. So the Pentagon has the ability to start but not finish the mission, a situation one military analyst likened to having the engine of a car but not the wheels.

As the pier project struggles to get going, the situation in Gaza remains dire. More than 34,000 people have died and more than 77,000 have been wounded, according to health authorities in the territory. The number of casualties will only increase as Israel expands its operation in Rafah , in southern Gaza.

Karim Khan , the International Criminal Court’s chief prosecutor, accused Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel and Defense Minister Yoav Gallant on Monday of causing “starvation as a method of war, including the denial of humanitarian relief supplies, deliberately targeting civilians in conflict.” The Israelis denied the charges.

But many Gazans are experiencing immense hunger, aid groups say. Palestinians have forcibly taken aid from trucks, which U.N. officials have said reflects the desperation of people trying to feed themselves and their families. Aid groups and the United Nations have also blamed the hunger crisis on black marketers who have seized supplies to sell at inflated prices.

It is extremely difficult to deliver aid to distribution centers without police escorts to protect the convoys from swarms of people, UNRWA and U.S. officials say.

The pier project is the Biden administration’s attempt to alleviate some of the humanitarian suffering in Gaza. Maj. Gen. Patrick S. Ryder, the Pentagon spokesman, described the process on Tuesday as a “crawl-walk-run approach.”

President Biden announced the project during his State of the Union address in March, amid warnings that Gaza was on the precipice of famine. The Pentagon built and assembled the pier alongside an Army ship off the coast with involvement from about 1,000 American troops, U.S. officials said. It is connected to central Gaza. On Friday, the first aid trucks began moving ashore.

So far, however, the operation has fallen far short of its goal of bringing in 90 trucks a day and eventually ramping up to 150 trucks. Altogether, about 70 trucks have reached warehouses in the week since the pier opened, but the World Food Program said at least 11 had been looted on their way there.

Still, Daniel Dieckhaus, a response management team director at the U.S. Agency for International Development, told reporters on Thursday that enough aid had gotten through to feed tens of thousands of Palestinians.

Defense officials said on Thursday that three service members involved in the pier operation had suffered noncombat injuries. Two had minor injuries, and one was taken to a hospital.

The Pentagon calls the project JLOTS, for joint logistics over the shore, a capability that it has used for humanitarian relief in Somalia, Kuwait and Haiti.

Military officials who have worked on past efforts say distributing humanitarian aid to those in need is harder than setting up the infrastructure.

“Getting a pier in place and getting supplies onto the pier and onto shore is one thing,” Rabih Torbay, the president of the aid organization Project Hope, said in an interview. “Getting the logistics in place to get the aid to the places that need it the most is a completely different ballgame, and that is where the lack of planning and coordination comes into play.”

Paul D. Eaton, a retired major general, was in Somalia in 1993 when the U.S. military put a pier in place to deliver humanitarian aid to civilians caught in the war there. Some four light infantry Army battalions — 2,000 troops — were on the ground to help the aid get through, General Eaton said in an interview.

“The ships with humanitarian relief would deliver to the port, which we controlled absolutely, and then the trucks would be loaded,” he said. “And then we put armed forces — American armed troops — in the vehicles to protect the drivers.”

He added, “Supplies arrived in a protected environment, were loaded in a protected environment and were moved forward in a protected environment to the end use spot.”

That is not happening in Gaza.

The World Food Program warned on Tuesday that the pier project could fail if Israel did not do more to ensure the safe distribution of the aid. The agency suspended deliveries from the pier after the aid trucks were looted and one Palestinian man was killed.

Describing the security situation on the ground, Mr. Dieckhaus of U.S.A.I.D. said the trucks faced “manifold” problems, from miscommunication at checkpoints to organized crime to “desperate crowds conducting self-distribution.”

While a sizable number of commercial goods has been entering southern and central Gaza in recent days, many people in the war-ravaged enclave cannot afford to buy them after months of war without regular income. The cash crisis has increased the importance of aid to impoverished Gazans.

Abeer Etefa, a spokeswoman for the World Food Program, said a key to overcoming the aid impasse was receiving Israel’s permission to deliver goods on alternative routes. New routes were used on Tuesday and Wednesday, and the convoys were believed to have reached their destinations without incident, she said.

The initial failures of the pier project have reinforced criticisms among some diplomats, who have said the initiative was too expensive and inefficient.

Pentagon officials have privately complained that the Biden administration came up with the pier project with little consultation with the military, which has had to build and operate the venture in the Mediterranean. Defense officials scrambled to put the plan in place after estimating that it would take two months to complete.

Even if all the kinks are ironed out, the sea operation would still be less efficient than a land route, aid organizations say. If the project reaches its goal of getting through 150 trucks per day, those shipments of food and other supplies would still fall short of what aid groups say is needed for a war-ravaged population.

Aid workers have described bottlenecks for shipments at border crossings caused by lengthy inspections of trucks, limited operating hours and protests by Israelis. Israeli officials deny that they are hampering the flow of aid, blaming the United Nations for backlogs.

“There is not yet an established process and architecture for aid delivery in Gaza,” said Gen. Joseph L. Votel, the former commander of U.S. Central Command.

“This is the responsibility of the international aid community and the I.D.F.,” he said, referring to the Israel Defense Forces. “This still is very much a combat zone.”

Helene Cooper is a Pentagon correspondent. She was previously an editor, diplomatic correspondent and White House correspondent. More about Helene Cooper

Adam Rasgon is a reporter for The Times in Jerusalem, covering Israeli and Palestinian affairs. More about Adam Rasgon

IMAGES

10 Lines essay on Aryabhata Satellite for Students
Aryabhata Spacecraft: First Satellite Launched By India
Aryabhata: Remembering India's First Artificial Satellite
Aryabhata, the first satellite built by India, was launched on this day
आर्यभट्ट ISRO का पहला SATELLITE
Aryabhata, India’s first satellite, that was sent to space on 19 April

VIDEO

News at 9 PM II রাত ৯ টার খবর || 02 March 2024 || Independent Tv| Independent TV
Aryabhatta:India's First Satellite🛰️. #shorts #youtubeshorts #satellite
10 lines on Aryabhatta \\ English essay on Aryabhatta
India's Firsts Ep 12-First Satellite launched
launching ISRO'S first satellite "Aryabhatta"#space flight simulator 🚀🚀🚀
Aryabhatta Satellite: कब और कैसे लॉन्च हुई था भारत का पहला सैटेलाइट 'आर्यभट्ट'? #shorts #shortvideo

COMMENTS

Aryabhata (satellite)
Aryabhata was India's first satellite, named after the astronomer. It was launched on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar, a Soviet rocket launch and development site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by ISRO, and launched by the Soviet Union as a part of the Soviet Interkosmos programme which provided access to space for friendly states.
Aryabhatta Satellite: Purpose, Launch, Position, Facts & Details
The purpose of the Aryabhatta Satellite was to conduct X-ray astronomy experiments in the Ionosphere. It also included experiments on Aeronomics and Solar Physics. The satellite was designed chiefly to conduct experiments in the outer layers of the atmosphere. When it was successfully launched in 1975, it started conducting its experiments ...
The Aryabhata satellite
Mission Overview. Aryabhata was India's first satellite, named after a ancient Indian mathematician (5th century AD). It was launched by the Russians on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar. The 96.3 minute orbit had an apogee of 619 km and a perigee of 563 km, at an inclination of 50.7 degrees. Aryabhata was built by the Indian Space Research ...
Essay on Aryabhatta for Students and Children
500+ Words Essay On Aryabhatta. Essay on Arayabhatta - Aryabhatta was the first Indian mathematician and astronomer. He had immense knowledge in the field of mathematics. Moreover, he did he may discoveries during his era. For instance, some of them were the discovery of algebraic identities, trigonometrical functions, the value of pi, Place ...
Aryabhata: Story Behind India's First Satellite
Know much more about the story of India's first satellite Aryabhata started under Dr Vikram Sarabhai and Prof U R Rao of ISRO. Aerospace Nerd. Apr 30, 2020. "Name the first satellite of India." Each one of us has answered this question at least once in our lifetimes. But very few of us know the story of this 358 Kg spacecraft, Aryabhata.
Essay on Aryabhatta
200 Words Essay on Aryabhatta. Aryabhatta is credited with discovering that the earth revolves on its axis; this was a significant finding at the time. In addition, he was a forerunner of the geocentric concept of the solar system, which asserted that the earth is the focal point of the whole cosmos. It is the centre of rotation for the sun ...
Aryabhata: India's First Satellite
Aryabhata, India's first satellite in 1975 by Roshan Gawand. On the 19th April 1975, at a barren-looking launch site in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia, rocket thrusters flared and a large polyhedron-shaped object was blasted into space. This was "Aryabhata", India's first unmanned satellite, a landmark moment in the nation's history.
Aryabhata
Aryabhata was the first Indian satellite launched by India in 1975. It marked the beginning of India's space exploration and scientific achievements. Learn more about the history, objectives and achievements of this pioneering mission on the official website of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
An overview of the 'Aryabhata' project
Aryabhata, India's first satellite, was successfully launched into a nearearth orbit on 19 April 1975, from a USSR Cosmodrome. The primary objective ofAryabhata was to establish the indigenous capability in satellite technology.Aryabhata, weighing 358 kg, was quasispherical in shape, and had body-mounted solar cells and Ni-Cd chemical batteries as primary power sources. Other features of the ...
PDF An overview of the 'Aryabhata' project
The present paper gives anoverview of the basic features ofthe atellite, associated ground stations anda brief account ofthe fabrication, testing and (in-orbit) performance of the satellite. Results of some of the technological experiments carried out in Aryabhata are also briefly described. Keywords.
India's First Indigenously-Built Satellite Aryabhatta Was Launched on
The Aryabhatta was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The satellite had a launch mass of 360 kg with a power of 46 watts. Its orbit was for 96.46 minutes with an apogee of 619 km and a perigee of 563 km. Read to know more about this and other important events that took place on this day in History in this article. Download PDF for Free. For UPSC 2021, follow BYJU'S
Essay on Aryabhatta: Samples in 150 and 300 Words
Here is an essay on Aryabhatta in 150 words: Aryabhatta was born around the 4th century CE in Kusumpura, Bihar. He is one of India's earliest mathematicians who flourished under the Gupta dynasty in ancient India. Under this empire, Aryabhatta composed two exceptional accounts- Aryabhatiya and Aryabhatasiddhanta.
Aryabhata
Aryabhata ( ISO: Āryabhaṭa) or Aryabhata I (476-550 CE) was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy.His works include the Āryabhaṭīya (which mentions that in 3600 Kali Yuga, 499 CE, he was 23 years old) and the Arya-siddhanta.. For his explicit mention of the relativity of motion, he also qualifies as a major ...
Aryabhata (satellite)
50.6 degrees. Period. 96.46 minutes. Epoch. 19 May 1975 [2] 1984 USSR stamp featuring Bhaskara -I, Bhaskara-II and Aryabhata satellites. Aryabhata was India 's first satellite. It got its name from the Indian astronomer of the same name.
Essay on Aryabhatta for Students & Children in English [Easy Words]
Essay on Aryabhatta: The first mathematician who discovered '0' and 'pi' was Aryabhata. He was a genius mathematician from Bihar who lived during the Gupta dynasty rule. ... The first satellite of India and the lunar crater is named in his honour. He is also named for the inter-school Aryabhatta Maths Tournament, Bacillus Aryabhatta, a ...
Essay On Aryabhatta in English for Class 1, 2 & 3: 10 Lines, Short
Aryabhatta is a famous Indian mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. He is still remembered for his groundbreaking discoveries and theories. Aryabhatta was born around 476 A.D. during the Gupta Dynasty, in Bihar. The trigonometric functions discovered by Aryabhatta are a significant part of modern mathematics.
Essay on Aryabhatta
Essay on Aryabhatta | 500+ Words. Aryabhata, a name that echoes through the annals of history, was an extraordinary Indian mathematician and astronomer who lived more than 1,500 years ago. In this essay, we will delve into the remarkable life and achievements of Aryabhata, exploring why he deserves recognition and admiration.
The Aryabhata project
The Aryabhata project. An overview of the basic features of the Aryabhata satellite, associated ground stations and a brief account of the fabrication, testing and (in orbit) performance of the satellite is presented. Results of some of the technological experiments carried out in Aryabhata are also briefly described. In Indian Acad. of Sci.
Essay on Aryabhatta for Students and Children in English
10 Lines on Aryabhatta Essay in English. Aryabhatta was the first Indian mathematician, physicist and astronomer who created groundbreaking theories and inventions. Aryabhatta was born in a small place called Aryabhata in Bihar during the Gupta dynasty. Aryabhatta worked out the value of pi which is used today by scientists and mathematicians ...
Aryabhatta Essay
Aryabhatta was born in 475 A.D. in an unknown place. But according to his book 'Aryabhatiya', he lived in Kusumpura, the modern-day Patna. The archaeologists hold this belief till today that he continued his studies in Kusumpura. The reason behind the beliefs is his significant works of astronomy were found in Kusumpura.
10 lines on Aryabhata Satellite
10 lines on Aryabhata Satellite - Set 1. Aryabhata was India's first satellite. It was named after an ancient Indian mathematician. The satellite launched on April 19, 1975. It was sent into space by a Soviet rocket. Aryabhata weighed about 360 kilograms. It was built to study outer space. The satellite orbited the Earth many times.
ESSAY on Aryabhatta Satellite || 10 Lines on Aryabhatta ...
10 Lines essay on Aryabhata Satellite for Students.1: Aryabhata Satellite was the first Indian satellite.2: It was launched by India on April 19, 1975 by t...
10 lines Essay on Aryabhata Satellite ️
10 lines Essay on Aryabhata Satellite#writingtips #englishlearning #essay #writingskills #essaywriting #homework #writing #english #10linesessay #paragraph #...
AI reimagines launch of ISRO's first satellite Aryabhata
Pavan Naidu. The launch of the Indian Space Research Organisation's first satellite Aryabhata marked a significant milestone in the country's space exploration journey. The Aryabhata Satellite was named after the ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer, Aryabhata. Launched on April 19, 1975, Aryabhata was India's first satellite and played ...
Budget 2024-25
Fact sheet. Budget 2024-25: A fit and healthy Australia. 14 May 2024. Fact sheet. We aim to provide documents in an accessible format. If you're having problems using a document with your accessibility tools, please contact us for help. Publication date: 14 May 2024. Publication type:
With E.U. backing, North African nations aggressively push back
Klaas van Dijken, Maud Jullien and. May Bulman. May 20, 2024 at 11:00 p.m. "There is Algeria, follow the light," the Tunisian official barked at the Black migrants. "If you're seen here ...
U.S. Military Faces Reality in Gaza as Aid Project Struggles
A satellite image showing the floating pier built by U.S. forces off the coast of the central Gaza Strip. The Pentagon has used similar structures for humanitarian relief in Somalia, Kuwait and Haiti.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Mission Overview

Essay on Aryabhatta for Students and Children

The Early Life of Aryabhatta

Work of Aryabhatta

Contributions of Aryabhatta

Customize your course in 30 seconds

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Download the App

Anecdotes of an Aerospace Nerd

Aryabhata: Story Behind India's First Satellite

Team and Institution Building

Indo-Soviet Agreement

The Satellite

Technical Details

Launch and Orbital Performance

Reddit Post for different papers on Aryabhata

Products & Resources

Colleges & Courses

Predictors & E-Books

Predictors & Articles

Top Courses & Careers

Quick Links

Diploma Colleges

Upcoming Events

Other Exams

Top Countries

Student Visas

Engineering Preparation

Medical Preparation

Online Courses

Top Streams

Specializations

Top Providers

Essay on Aryabhatta

200 Words Essay on Aryabhatta

Aryabhatta’s Education

Aryabhatta’s Work

Aryabhatta Legacy

Interesting Facts About Aryabhatta

Aryabhatta’s Impact

Applications for Admissions are open.

Aakash iACST Scholarship Test 2024

ALLEN Digital Scholarship Admission Test (ADSAT)

JEE Main Important Physics formulas

PW JEE Coaching

PW NEET Coaching

JEE Main Important Chemistry formulas

Download Careers360 App's

We Appeared in

Aryabhata: India's First Satellite

The road to space

Cold War rivalries and obstacles

Naming Aryabhata

The Keynote Speaker

An overview of the ‘Aryabhata’ project

Cite this article

Access this article

Similar content being viewed by others

Innovations in the AOCS of AstroSat spacecraft

Satellite Applications Handbook: The Complete Guide to Satellite Communications, Remote Sensing, Navigation, and Meteorology

Author information

Rights and permissions

About this article

Share this article

Launch of Satellite Aryabhatta - [April 19, 1975] This Day in History

‘Aryabhata’ satellite

Aryabhata Satellite Details

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

IAS 2024 - Your dream can come true!

30,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today

Essay on Aryabhatta: Samples in 150 and 300 Words

Essay on Aryabhatta in 150 Words

Essay on Aryabhatta in 300 Words

Ankita Mishra

Connect With Us

30,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today.

Need help with?

Country Preference

Which English test are you planning to take?