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African and African American Studies

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• PhD in Health Policy

In This Section

• PhD in Public Policy
• PhD in Political Economy & Government
• PhD in Social Policy
• Job Market Candidates

The PhD in Health Policy is a highly interdisciplinary program that will develop the specialized skills you need for a research and teaching career in health policy.

The program is collaborative at its core, with its curriculum drawing from six Harvard schools:

• Harvard Business School
• Harvard Kenneth C. Griffin Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
• Harvard Kennedy School
• Harvard Law School
• Harvard Medical School
• Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health

With more than 100 Harvard faculty members from these schools integrated in the program, you have access to the insights of leading experts across the full academic and professional spectrum.

Balance broad and specialized knowledge.

As a PhD in Health Policy student, you take courses throughout Harvard’s specialized schools. This allows you to become familiar with the conceptual frameworks, vernacular and perspectives of researchers from other disciplines.

At the same time, developing specialized skills in a discipline is a hallmark of the program, which is why you specialize in one of five concentrations:

• Decision Sciences
• Methods for Policy Research
• Political Analysis

The PhD in Health Policy degree is awarded by the  Harvard Kenneth C. Griffin Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (Harvard Griffin GSAS). Our graduates leave the program well equipped to make an impact in academia, government agencies, research institutes, think tanks, foundations, and multinational corporations. 

Improving the Teacher Workforce

• Posted May 20, 2024
• By Elizabeth M. Ross

Mary Laski understands how vital effective teachers are. “I had the privilege of having great teachers and know how important that was for me getting here,” says the HGSE doctoral marshal whose mother was also a teacher. Inspired by her own positive experiences, Laski wants to help put more great teachers in front of more students.

For her doctoral dissertation called Essays on the Teacher Workforce , Laski wrote three separate pieces. Two of her papers have already been shared publicly, including research on lessons the teaching profession can learn from encouraging developments in the nursing field and an evaluation of a pilot teaching program in Mississippi .  The pilot allowed some school principals in the state to tackle teacher shortages by selecting in-house paraeducators and other experienced staff, who had not been able to pass Mississippi’s traditional licensing exams, to fill open teaching positions using provisional licenses. Because Laski found positive results with the program, Mississippi has moved forward with a performance-based licensure pathway for some teachers based on their success in the classroom. Laski’s third paper examined the role that principals play in the quality of teachers in schools.

“If you read the education news, all you hear about is how hard it is to be a teacher and how everything is going wrong with the teaching profession, and there's some truth in that,” Laski explains. “But I ended my research journey on an optimistic note. There are bright spots and places where we could be thinking more carefully about supporting teachers and getting great teachers in the classrooms.”

Laski recently reflected on ways to improve the teaching field and shared what she values most about her time at HGSE.

Where do you think the hope lies for the teaching profession, following the research that you’ve done?   I think the pandemic really put a spotlight on how hard it is to be a teacher and a lot of issues with the profession, so I think this is a prime moment now to be thinking more critically about this role that we all know is really important but is also really hard. It doesn’t have to be this way. Nursing has figured out a way to be a more appealing profession and there are ways that we could be thinking about teaching differently to make it more appealing. Also, principals clearly can be doing things to support their schools in their management of teaching. And we could be thinking more carefully about how to support principals in making the best decisions for their schools.

How has your time at HGSE helped you?   Six years is a long time and the amount of things that have happened is mind blowing to me. There was the global pandemic. I also became a parent, which was a huge personal change, so I feel like a very different person than I was six years ago. I feel very grateful for all of the opportunities I've had. I think I'm most grateful for my cohort of other doctoral candidates. We became really, really close our first year and I’m so glad about that because we were able to keep our community going when we all went virtual the second year [during the pandemic.] We had Zoom study groups and regular reading groups.  We were able to keep supporting each other continuously. That community, I feel, is the only way that I made it through this program so, I'm very, very thankful for them. 

How did you balance being a new mom and getting your Ph.D. at the same time?    Several of my friends also became parents for the first time so there's a group of new mom friends and having other people going through that big change with you or that have done it recently is very helpful. But yes, particularly managing being in a Ph.D. program, I could not have done that without many other women in my same program who helped me understand how to manage it.... I'm actually expecting another kid this summer. There are also some other people that are graduating pregnant. We have a good community of moms.

What does it mean to be chosen by your peers to be a Commencement marshal?   It’s really one of the most meaningful parts of graduation for me. I built lifelong friendships in this program. I learned a lot in my classes, but I think I maybe learned more from my cohort mates and that is really one of the greatest benefits of this program. I didn't even appreciate, before applying or starting here, how much I would benefit from having that group of colleagues who were thinking about similar things and so smart and so caring and going through the same things as me. I'm just very, very flattered and honored.

What are your future plans?    I actually have already started a position at Arizona State University as a research principal, continuing a lot of the same work, thinking about how we can be reimagining what teaching looks like to make it more sustainable and attractive to folks. Arizona State has this big initiative called the Next Education Workforce. It's basically getting teachers to work together in teams, sharing a roster of students, and distributing their expertise — really making the job look different, so that they're working together a lot more, collaborating. Everyone always talks about the first year of teaching being so hard, but when you're all alone in a classroom all day with kids and it's really hard, that just makes it even worse. The opportunity to have more support with your co-workers is something that we look for in a lot of professions. What I like about my job is collaborating with really smart, caring people and we don't always offer teachers that opportunity.

The latest research, perspectives, and highlights from the Harvard Graduate School of Education

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Exploring the Effects of Desegregation

Education's Radical Love

• Posted May 22, 2024
• By Irvin Leon Scott

Good afternoon graduating class of 2024! I am beyond honored to share a few words with you today. Before I go any further, I personally want to thank Dean Long. We celebrate you and your visionary and determined leadership here at Harvard Graduate School of Education. Dean Long led us through a pandemic, while ushering in the master’s redesign and giving students from across the world the opportunities to receive a master's in the new Online Education Leadership program! Help me celebrate Dean Long!

Graduates, families, friends, and HGSE community, As we mark the incredible accomplishment of this class of 2024, we truly have reason to celebrate.

In my faith tradition, when there’s something to celebrate, we have what we call a “praise break.” A praise break is a symbol of joy, an enthusiastic embodiment of gratitude for a gift from above. Usually accompanied by fast-paced music, a praise break involves moving your body and lifting your voice in thanksgiving.

Make no mistake about it: you might not see my body moving, but I’m doing a praise break in my spirit right now. Graduates, your determination, passion, and commitment make me want to celebrate. The wonderful thing about a praise break is that I can lift up jubilation praise for someone else’s success. No matter what difficulties I am facing, if you have a reason for joy, I have a reason to praise. Family and friends of the graduating students, because of your loved one’s accomplishment, you have a reason to celebrate and praise. Even if you’re really struggling through some difficult circumstances, if you’re here or listening online, you have a reason to praise.

Graduates, you, of course, have a reason to break out in praise. You were not only accepted into one of the most prestigious educational institutions in the world, but you persevered through every class, paper, and test, and tomorrow you’ll cross the official finish line with a diploma in your hand. I’m sure you had all kinds of different reasons for applying to Harvard, but from knowing and teaching many of you, I suspect that a primary motivator for your pursuit of an education degree was love. Love for TEACHING. Love for LEARNING. Love for STUDENTS. Love for FAMILY AND COMMUNITIES. Within each of you, I see a transformative, and what I would like to call RADICAL LOVE ready to be unleashed into the world of education.

Let me define what I mean by radical love.

• Radical love seeks nothing in return. 
• Radical love boldly crosses lines of difference and loves in spite of those differences. 
• Radical love staunchly resists being commandeered by extremists; it stays true to the notion that all individuals are worthy of my love. 
• Radical love stands up for those whose voices get shouted down, whose numbers are small enough to be overlooked.
• Radical loves seeks to listen and understand others’ stories, not just your own.

As one of my OEL students just reminded today, Radical Love requires Radical Listening!

You should all embody radical love. This radical love can fuel your journey of educational and personal impact from now on!

And, yes…. you chose Harvard Graduate School of Education as the setting where you honed your educational knowledge and skills in preparation, hopefully, to unleash this radical love.

I know from personal experience how challenging it is to obtain a Harvard education. I recently released a book entitled Leading with Heart and Soul . In my book, I tell the story of my own Harvard journey. From the beginning of my educational career as an English teacher at J.P. McCaskey High School in Pennsylvania to my advancement as a principal in that same district. At the time, I felt what I now would define as radical love welling up inside of me — love for the students, families, communities…and love for equitable opportunities all. A love for literature and writing. A love for impactful leadership. But I also felt a need to sharpen my educational leadership knowledge and skills, to surround myself with like-minded educational professionals who would inspire and train me to use the tools of education leadership to transform the lives of students and communities all across the U.S. I saw a need to couple love with skill, with evidence, with knowledge.

For me, a Harvard graduate education was the next step. I had already been through a week-long certificate program at Harvard called the Principal’s Center, and I became enamored with the Ed School’s diligent focus on evidence, community, and impact. I took the GRE and applied to the Urban Superintendents Program, a doctorate in educational leadership. And in the Spring of 2005; I got rejected!

The rejection deflated me, but I couldn’t stay down for long. That love inside me — that radical love that wanted to transform lives through education — was clamoring to express itself more impactfully. So, after some tutoring from my wife, Kisha, who is an outstanding high school math teacher, I retook the GRE and earned a higher score. And at Kisha’s advice, I drove to Harvard and had a meaningful conversation with our very own Dr. Bob Peterkin. When I reapplied, Harvard accepted me into the program. Opening that acceptance letter made me and my family do a praise break for the ages! Now, almost 20 years later, as a proud Harvard graduate and faculty member, I stand offering words of encouragement, instruction, and inspiration to the next generation of love-powered graduates of Harvard Graduate School of Education.

The type of love I’m talking about is especially vital in today’s climate. We are living in a time with heightened division, strife, and violence. Overseas and in our own backyards, contentious social and political circumstances are tearing at the fabric of our society. These international, national, and local conflicts show up in our schools, homes, and communities — the places where educational leaders like you all have influence. There is abundant evidence to show that these tensions are having a negative impact on future generations: CHRONIC ABSENTEEISM is on the rise, adolescent SUICIDE has skyrocketed, and there has been a marked decline of what the (OECD) also known as the Organization for Economic Cooperaton and Development calls “traditional binding powers.” These powers are things that used to hold us together, like faith and community — there has been a noticeable decrease in their power to do what they’re supposed to do: hold us together.

What’s the role of educational leaders in the midst of such challenges? How can we mobilize radical love to make ourselves part of the solution?

Two things come to mind as possible answers to that question: our words and our works. Allow me to explain. There’s a book I’ve turned to constantly over the years for insight. Here it is [holds up book]: The Words of Martin Luther King, Jr. I like to keep it in my pocket, and I leaf through it during airport layovers, Uber rides, or after my devotional time in the morning. The book has many profound nuggets of wisdom, but one has stood out to me recently.

When Martin Luther King Jr. Day first became a national holiday, then-President Ronald Regan gave a proclamation. In that proclamation, he stated, [read line from book].

The nation was honoring Dr. King’s legacy because his words and works made an indelible change in our society. What he said and what he did were the two things that stayed with people. He unleashed radical love on the world through his words and works.

HGSE Graduates, In that same way, people will know your love by your words and your works. When you get done with a day of educating — or a year, or a decade, or a lifetime — people will remember you by what you said and what you did. The students you teach, the teachers you lead, the schools and districts you touch, the foundations and nonprofits you influence — they will remember you by your words and your works. The urban, suburban, and rural communities, the countries where you lead; the parents and guardians who entrust their children to you — your words and works will be the sign of your love for them.

When the days grow long and tiring, when the work of education feels arduous, radical love can make us persevere. When we grow discouraged or frustrated, we can turn to the many sources of love in our own lives to give us strength. We can turn to family and friends, some of whom may be looking on with pride at this very moment. We can look to our Harvard network for that boost of energy and purpose to take us through the next day, or year of serving and loving. We can look to our diverse traditions of faith for ancient wisdom on how to embody love that passeth all understanding.

I began by sharing the idea of a praise break, an important practice in my faith tradition. My Christian faith has been one of the most abundant suppliers of radical love in my life. But love is the common thread in so many faith traditions across the world. I am not the exclusive holder of what it means to love through my faith.

Whatever source you draw from, I implore you today to draw deep from the well of radical love. People are thirsty for this love. This degree you’ve earned is not a marker of your status or intelligence to be flaunted before others, and it’s not a ticket to get you the cushiest jobs. Your degree is a tool to amplify your words and works, to more effectively bring your radical love into this world for the purpose of learning, healing and uniting.

Radical love means we fight for what’s right, just like Dr. King did. Let’s all remember what Mahatma Ghandi once said: The future depends on what we do in the present. I encourage you to teach, lead, vote, speak out, protest, and take action like your life depends on it. And do all of these things from a place of love for one another, even those you may disagree with.  

You all are entering into leadership during a tumultuous time, but we have so much confidence in each of you.

I cannot wait to see what words and works of radical love you produce. In fact, I’m ready for a praise break right now just thinking about it!

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Group of graduates walk out of Harvard commencement chanting ‘Free, free Palestine’

Hundreds of students in graduation robes walked out of the Harvard commencement chanting “Free, free Palestine” and “Let them walk” after weeks of protests on campus over the Israeli assault in Gaza. (AP Video shot and produced by Rodrique Ngowi.)

Graduating students chant as they depart commencement in protest to the 13 graduating seniors who were not allowed to participate due to protest activities, in Harvard Yard during commencement at Harvard University, Thursday, May 23, 2024, in Cambridge, Mass. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)

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A student holds up the flag of Palestine as the 13 students, who have been barred from graduating due to protest activities, are recognized by a student address speaker during the commencement in Harvard Yard at Harvard University, Thursday, May 23, 2024, in Cambridge, Mass. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)

Phoebe Carter, who will graduate from the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences later in the day, watches as students march to their seats in Harvard Yard during commencement at Harvard University, Thursday, May 23, 2024, in Cambridge, Mass. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)

A student displays the Palestinian flag on his mortar board as graduates take their seats in Harvard Yard during commencement at Harvard University, Thursday, May 23, 2024, in Cambridge, Mass. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)

Harvard University students pass protestors while filing into Harvard Yard for commencement at Harvard University, Thursday, May 23, 2024, in Cambridge, Mass. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)

Keynote speaker Maria Ressa, a journalist and advocate for freedom of the press, addresses students during commencement in Harvard Yard, at Harvard University, in Cambridge, Mass., Thursday, May 23, 2024. (AP Photo/Ben Curtis)

Keynote speaker Maria Ressa, a journalist and advocate for freedom of the press, addresses graduates in Harvard Yard during commencement at Harvard University, Thursday, May 23, 2024, in Cambridge, Mass. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)

Students celebrate during commencement in Harvard Yard at Harvard University, in Cambridge, Mass., Thursday, May 23, 2024. (AP Photo/Ben Curtis)

Graduating students hold Palestinian flags and chant as they walk out in protest over the 13 students who have been barred from graduating due to protest activities, during commencement in Harvard Yard, at Harvard University, in Cambridge, Mass., Thursday, May 23, 2024. (AP Photo/Ben Curtis)

CAMBRIDGE, Mass. (AP) — Hundreds of students in graduation robes walked out of the Harvard commencement on Thursday chanting “Free, free Palestine” after weeks of protests on campus and a day after the school announced that 13 Harvard students who participated in a protest encampment would not be able to receive diplomas alongside their classmates.

Some students chanted “Let them walk, let them walk” during Thursday’s commencement, referring to allowing those 13 students to get their diplomas along with fellow graduates.

Student speaker Shruthi Kumar said “this semester our freedom of speech and our expressions of solidarity became punishable,” she said to cheers and applause.

She said she had to recognize “the 13 undergraduates in the class of 2024 who will not graduate today,” generating prolonged cheers and clapping from graduates. “I am deeply disappointed by the intolerance for freedom of speech and the right to civil disobedience on campus.”

Over 1,500 students had petitioned, and nearly 500 staff and faculty had spoken up, all over the sanctions, she said.

“This is about civil rights and upholding democratic principles,” she said. “The students had spoken. The faculty had spoken. Harvard do you hear us?”

Those in the encampment had called for a ceasefire in Gaza and for Harvard to divest from companies that support the war.

Commencement speaker Maria Ressa, a journalist and advocate for freedom of the press, told the graduates that “you don’t know who you are until you’re tested, until you fight for what you believe in. Because that defines who you are.”

“The campus protests are testing everyone in America. Protests are healthy. They shouldn’t be violent. They shouldn’t be silenced,” she said.

Asmer Asrar Safi was one of the 13 students blocked from receiving a diploma Thursday. The penalty shows how far the school will go to silence voices that challenge their donor base, he said.

“While we will not be returning to this school, we hope that our friends carry the liberatory legacy of the Gaza solidarity encampment alive, and strive even harder for divestment,” he said in a written statement.

Alaha Nasari, who graduated with a degree in the history of science and global health, said she and other students opted to walk out of the ceremonies when interim President Alan Garber took to the stage.

“I think that the lack of faculty support has been one of the most disheartening aspects of being a student protester,” she said.

Also on Thursday, the presidents of Northwestern and Rutgers universities defended their decisions to end pro-Palestinian encampments through negotiations rather than police force, telling the House Committee on Education and the Workforce that they defused the danger on their campuses without ceding ground to protesters. The hearing was part of a series examining how colleges have responded to allegations of antisemitism.

The decision by Harvard’s top governing board follows a recommendation Monday by faculty members to allow the 13 to receive their degrees despite their participation in the encampment.

However, Harvard’s governing board said that each of the 13 were found to have violated the university’s policies by their conduct during the encampment protest.

“In coming to this determination, we note that the express provisions of the Harvard College Student Handbook state that students who are not in good standing are not eligible for degrees,” the Harvard Corporation said in a written statement.

The statement left open the possibility of an appeals process.

Supporters of the students at Harvard said the decision not to allow them to receive degrees at commencement violated a May 14 agreement between Garber and the Harvard Out of Occupied Palestine coalition that would have allowed the students to graduate.

Protesters against the war between Israel and Hamas voluntarily dismantled their tents after they said university officials agreed to discuss questions about the endowment, bringing a peaceful end to the kinds of demonstrations that were broken up by police on other campuses.

The group issued a statement late Wednesday saying the decision jeopardizes the post-graduation lives of the 13 students.

“By rejecting a democratic faculty vote, the Corporation has proved itself to be a wholly illegitimate body, and Garber an illegitimate president,” the group said.

There was a noticeable presence of police officers around the campus Thursday mixing with soon-to-be-graduates, their family members and sidewalk flower sellers.

A small plane circled above, trailing an Israeli and U.S. flag. A truck was parked outside the campus with an electronic billboard with the names and images of some of the pro-Palestinian protesters under the banner: “Harvard’s Leading Antisemites.”

At Drexel University in Philadelphia, protesters packed up their belongings and left a pro-Palestinian encampment Thursday after the school announced a decision to have police clear the encampment. A wave of pro-Palestinian tent encampments on campuses has led to over 3,000 arrests nationwide.

Rathke reported from Marshfield, Vt.

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As it Happened: More Than 1,000 Stage Walkout at Harvard Commencement Ceremony

More than 1,000 people walked out of Harvard’s 373rd Commencement while chanting “Let them walk,” in reference to the 13 Harvard College seniors who were denied degrees after their participation in the pro-Palestine encampment in Harvard Yard.

As interim Harvard President Alan M. Garber ’76 began to confer degrees upon the 9,262 graduates, beginning with students receiving degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the FAS, hundreds of students rose from their seats and began to walk out, protesting the University’s response to the war in Gaza and sanctions on students who participated in the encampment.

As the protesters exited Harvard Yard, several Palestinian flags flew toward the back of the ceremony.

David C. Parkes, Dean of the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, continued to speak, raising his voice slightly over the chants of the protesters.

The administrators continue the conferral as usual, not acknowledging the chants, which continued for the duration of the ceremony.

As students chanted, Garber looked unfazed. University leadership anticipated disruptions to the Commencement ceremonies, even going so far as to change the route of the processions in preparation.

The pro-Palestine protesters marched to Epworth Church, a short walk away from Harvard Yard, where they hosted a “People’s Commencement” ceremony, in which they honored the 13 undergraduates who were denied diplomas from Harvard.

Despite Thunderstorm, Seniors Receive Diplomas at House Ceremonies — 3:00 p.m.

After the University-wide Commencement programming concluded around noon, undergraduates and their families dispersed to their respective residential Houses for lunch and to receive their diplomas.

At each ceremony, the Faculty Deans, the Allston-Burr Resident Dean, and one undergraduate speaker delivered opening remarks before conferring the diplomas to each student.

Though many of the ceremonies were intended to take place outside, a sudden downpour forced House staff to relocate to indoor locations, several at significantly reduced capacity. Leverett and Winthrop Houses had their students and families gather indoors in staggered groups in alphabetical order, while they live-streamed a Zoom video of the ceremony elsewhere in the House.

For the Adams House ceremony, graduates and their families lined up for food in a large tent on the Malkin Athletic Center lawn before thunder sent them crowding into a gym on the fourth floor of the MAC.

“I think the chaos of everything today definitely fits in with the climate of what has been going on at this campus for the past year,” Leverett House graduate Calliste A.O. Skouras ’24 said. “I think the mess of it all kind of puts things into perspective — that it doesn’t really matter if today doesn’t go perfectly, I’m happy to have just spent the last four years here.”

Festivities Continue at Harvard Medical School — 2:41 p.m.

BOSTON – After lightning delayed the start of the ceremony, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Dental Medicine graduates processed into the Quad Lawn. The ceremony began with an address from Dean for Medical Education Bernard S. Chang, who said that the ceremony would be expedited due to the delay.

During the land acknowledgment by the only U.S. tribal member in the graduating class, the student advocated for Palestine’s freedom, which was met with cheers from many graduates, including some donning “Harvard Divest” messages on their graduation caps.

Class Day speaker Melissa L. Gilliam – incoming BU president – then took the stage, advising the class to “love yourself, love one another, and love mankind.” Gilliam spoke of her mother’s journey to becoming the first Black reporter at the Washington Post, and then of Gilliam’s own story as a physician, where she first learned how to truly listen to her patients, and then advocated for empowering marginalized patients in the healthcare system.

Harvard’s 373rd Commencement Ends — 11:54 a.m.

On schedule, the Commencement ceremony ended at 11:54 a.m. as the Memorial Church bells tolled.

The benediction was delivered by Pusey Minister Matthew Ichihashi Potts, who ruminated on the meaning of the word “blessing” and addressed the “trying times” the Class of 2024 has experienced during their four years on campus.

“There are differences among us. Most of them are keen and beautiful. Some of them are deep and painful,” Potts said.

“But none of these differences need be as important as the difference you can make with what you have gained here,” Potts added.

The ‘People’s Commencement’ Begins — 11:42 a.m.

As hundreds of graduates and faculty settled into Epworth Church, Harvard Law School graduate Lea H. Kayali opened the ceremony with a speech.

“As a Palestinian who has been betrayed and abandoned by the University, I cannot tell you how much it means to me that all of you walked out in solidarity with the Palestinian people and the 15 seniors who were prevented from graduating,” Kayali said.

Her remarks were met with stomps and cheers, as well as several calls for “louder” from graduates seated in overflow seating.

Kayali acknowledged the graduates that flew in from “all over the country and the world” to join the protest.

“Thank you for walking with us,” she said.

“By joining this walkout, you all took a stance against the injustice that prevented our classmates from graduating today, and more importantly took a stance against injustice happening my people in Palestine,” Kayali added.

Graduates Stream Into Epsworth Church to Hold ‘People’s Commencement’ — 11:28 a.m.

Hundreds of graduates filed into Epsworth Church after walking out of Commencement.

Members of the Harvard University Band played a celebratory song as HOOP organizers, flying the Palestinian flag, took the stage before the pews, where graduates stand. The group on stage included several seniors who were barred from graduating over their pro-Palestine activism.

Inside, volunteers handed out water bottles to graduates entering the church. A certificate from “The People’s University,” given to “Members of the Student Movement” were pre-placed on seats.

“In honor of the students in Palestine who will not get to graduate because of the ongoing Nakba. We stand up for them and our own students who have been targeted by Harvard University and are unable to graduate today,” the certificate stated, which was signed by HOOP.

Graduates continue to stream into the packed church, which was full of cheers and clapping. Several faculty members from various Harvard graduate schools were also in attendance.

Maria Ressa Begins Keynote Address — 11:24 a.m.

In her address to the Class of 2024, Nobel Peace Prize-winning journalist Maria Ressa discussed her experience facing repression for her investigative journalism and the importance of searching for truth in a world filled with increasing disinformation.

“I did nothing wrong except to do my job — to report facts, to hold power to account,” Ressa said. “For this, I had to be okay with going to jail for the rest of my life.”

She began her speech with an acknowledgement to former Harvard President Claudine Gay, who Ressa said first asked her to speak at Commencement. Gay, who resigned Jan. 2, has not been acknowledged by other speakers and was not on stage during the ceremony.

Ressa joked about the repression she has personally faced by the Philippine government, including telling the audience that she had to request permission from the Philippine Supreme Court to travel to Harvard.

“Anyone else out on bail?” Ressa asked. “Just me?”

Following the student speakers before her, Ressa addressed the campus protests which she said “are testing everyone in America.”

“Protests are healthy; they shouldn’t be violent. Protests give voice; they shouldn’t be silenced,” she said, to applause.

“But, you live in complicated, complex times where I think administrators and students also face an unacknowledged danger — technology, making everything faster, meaner, more polarized.”

Ressa repeatedly warned about the rise of fascism, specifically calling out technology companies like Meta and advocating for change to laws which have “allowed these tech companies to manipulate and enable violence and genocide.”

She asked students to live by the “golden rule” and consider the impact of their actions on others.

“So let me end this by reminding you: we are standing on the rubble of the world that was, and we must have the foresight and courage to imagine - and create the world as it should be: more compassionate, more equal, more sustainable,” she said.

“Our world on fire needs you,” she ended. “Welcome to the battlefield. Join us.”

Garber, Manning Bestow Honorary Degrees — 11:17 a.m.

Following the presentation of degree candidates to the president, Corporation, and Board of Overseers, Garber then conferred honorary doctorate degrees on six recipients.

The witty introductions to the honorary degree recipients are written by Secretary of the University Marc L. Goodheart ’81 .

Interim University Provost John F. Manning ’82 read the introductions before Garber officially conferred the degrees.

Goodheart presented each honorary degree recipient with their physical degree.

Bacow received a doctorate of laws, Dudamel Ramírez received a doctorate of music, Gates received a doctorate of science, Chin Hansen received a doctorate of humane letters, Harjo-Sapulpa received a doctorate of literature, and Ressa, the principal speaker, also received a doctorate of laws.

Manning described Bacow as a person with “a rare combination of confidence and humility, decisiveness and empathy, devotion to academic values and dedication to how universities can serve the world.”

“With deep thanks to one of higher education’s most admired leaders, we honor the pride of Pontiac, Lawrence S. – or, as he’d insist we call him, Larry – Bacow,” he added.

HOOP Organizers Lead Graduates in Walkout Outside Widener Gates — 11:03 a.m.

Hundreds of graduates from the College and the graduate schools staged a walkout during the conferral of degrees. Several graduates donned keffiyehs, held banners and signs, and chanted as they streamed out of the Class of 1889 Gates.

Graduates, alongside some family and faculty members, chanted “Disclose, Divest, We will not stop, We will not rest” and “Harvard University, We know what side you’re on, Remember South Africa, Remember Vietnam” as they follow organizers towards Epworth Church, according to a HOOP organizer. Members of the Harvard University Band, playing the drums, joined the procession out of Commencement.

The protesters blocked Cambridge St. during the walkout. Several Cambridge police officers on bikes followed the group.

Around an hour before the walkout, a group of around 20 pro-Palestine protesters — including HOOP organizers and Cambridge residents — gathered outside Widener Gates, holding Palestinian flags and signs. A group of six pro-Israel counterprotesters joined shortly before the walkout.

During the walkout, the counterprotesters appeared to be chanting “Am Yisrael Chai,” an anthem associated with Jewish peoplehood, but the counterprotesters were drowned out by those participating in the pro-Palestine walkout.

Hundreds Walk Out of Harvard Commencement Ceremony During Degree Conferral — 10:49 a.m.

Hundreds of students and some faculty members walked out of Harvard’s Commencement ceremony to protest the University’s decision to bar 13 undergraduate seniors from receiving their diplomas over their participation in the pro-Palestine encampment in Harvard Yard.

“Let them walk,” students chanted as they began to file out of Tercentenary Theater, referring to the 13 seniors.

The Harvard College Administrative Board voted to place five students on suspension and more than 20 other students on probation over their involvement in the protest. Among those students were 13 graduating seniors who have since been denied their degrees because they were no longer in good academic standing.

The Harvard Corporation, the University’s highest governing body, confirmed on Wednesday that it would deny the 13 seniors from obtaining their diplomas after the Faculty of Arts and Sciences voted on Monday to allow the students to graduate in an effort to reverse the Ad Board’s decision.

In doing so, the Corporation issued a sharp rebuke of the FAS.

Graduate English Address Also Acknowledges the 13 Denied Diplomas — 10:39 a.m.

Harvard Law School graduate Robert L. Clinton IV capped off student speeches with the Graduate English Address, which he titled “On Being Good.”

Clinton similarly addressed the seven months of intense scrutiny on Harvard’s campus, which he said altered his previous conception of Harvard as a “refuge.”

“This year, I’ve been reminded of just how exposed we are, “ Clinton said. “Antisemitism. Islamophobia. Anti-Arab bias. Doxing. Death threats. Losing jobs. Losing a president. Losing friends. Losing our right to free speech.”

Clinton encouraged attendees to speak out against injustice, specifically calling on them to demand a ceasefire in Gaza.

“There are many ways to be good, and there’s complexity in what it means to make the world a better place,” Clinton said.

“I would be remiss to say it's not very good to announce the day before commencement that 13 seniors will not graduate,” he added.

Administrators on the platform sat stone-faced, as Clinton brought up the seniors who will not receive degrees. Clinton also received a standing ovation at the end of the speech.

Senior English Address Speaker Shruthi Kumar ’24 Goes Off Script, Slams University for Preventing 13 Seniors From Graduating — 10:25 a.m.

Shruthi Kumar ’24, whose speech was titled “The Power of Not Knowing,” veered off script to criticize the University for denying 13 graduating seniors their diplomas after they faced disciplinary charges over their participation in the pro-Palestine Harvard Yard encampment.

Kumar pulled out a piece of paper from her robes in a dramatic moment, appearing to deviate from her prepared remarks.

“As I stand here today, I must take a moment to recognize my peers — the 13 undergraduates in the class of 2024 that will not graduate today,” Kumar said. “I am deeply disappointed by the intolerance for freedom of speech and their right to civil disobedience on campus.”

“The students have spoken. The faculty have spoken,” Kumar added. “Harvard, do you hear us?”

“Harvard, do you hear us?” she repeated.

Kumar received a standing ovation from the crowd, including members of the faculty.

As soon as Kumar began addressing the 13 undergraduates who will not be graduating, the Harvard-run official video stream zoomed in on Kumar, not showing the applauding audience or the Corporation members seated behind Kumar.

Shortly afterwards, the camera panned to show members of the audience and the top administrators and Corporation members behind her as Kumar received a standing ovation.

In the rest of her speech, Kumar addressed division on campus over the war in Gaza and described the experience of being doxxed in the fall.

“For many of us students of color, doxxing left our jobs uncertain, our safety uncertain,” she said. “This semester, our freedom of speech and our expressions of solidarity became punishable, leaving our graduation uncertain.”

Kumar received the loudest applause of any speaker before her.

Garber Loudly Booed at End of Speech — 10:09 a.m.

Interim Harvard President Alan M. Garber ’76 was loudly booed by Commencement attendees at the end of his address to the Class of 2024.

The heckles made it initally difficult to hear University Marshal Katherine O’Dair when she began to introduce the student selected to deliver the Latin Salutatory.

Interim Harvard President Alan Garber Begins Speech, Observes Minute of Silence for Lives Lost ‘Around the World’ — 10:06 a.m.

Interim Harvard President Alan M. Garber ’76 began his Commencement address by acknowledging that protesters may try to disrupt the graduation ceremony to protest the Israel’s war in Gaza and holding a minute of silence for those experiencing “moments of fear, dread, grief and anguish” in the world.

As Garber delivered his first Commencement remarks as interim University President, he acknowledged the potential student protests, saying it is “their right” to protest.

“As our ceremony proceeds, some among us may choose to take the liberty of expressing themselves to draw attention to events unfolding in the wider world,” he said.

“But it is their responsibility to do so with our community—and this occasion—in mind,” he added.

University Chaplains Address the Crowd — 10:01 a.m.

Harvard College senior Isabella E. Peña ’24 sang the national anthem before Khalil Abdur-Rashid — Harvard’s first full-time Muslim chaplain — and Harvard Hillel Campus Rabbi Getzel Davis gave the ceremony’s opening blessing with a message of peace. This is the first time in Harvard’s history that the University has had two chaplains of different religions as the chaplains of the day.

Following a land acknowledgement by Abdur-Rashid, Davis led the first prayer, calling for compassion amidst division.

“I bless us today with another way to engage with our sense of separateness — compassion,” Davis said. “Compassion lies not in numbing our alienation or fighting against it. Instead, ‘compassion’, literally ‘suffering together’, comes from recognizing that our own experience of isolation resembles the universal experience of others.”

Abdur-Rashid followed with a similar call for unity.

“Help us remember that we are indeed brothers and sisters of one another; that we are to cultivate and preserve peaceful bonds with each other; and that we are to be mindful and grateful for all the blessings you have graced us with,” he said.

The prayer concluded as both University chaplains said “Shalom Aleichem” and “As-Salaamu Aleikum.”

“May peace be with us all,” Davis and Abdur-Rashid said in unison.

Planes Circle Harvard Yard — 9:49 a.m.

A plane is circling the Yard with a banner trailing behind it that reads “Jewish Lives Matter.US.” A different plane is flying the Israeli flag next to the American flag.

Outside Harvard Yard, a billboard truck circles the square displaying the names and faces of students under the banner “Harvard’s Leading Antisemites.”

The truck is funded by Accuracy in Media, a group that routinely used doxxing trucks during the fall semester.

Though the Yard is only accessible to ticketed guests, the University cannot prevent planes and trucks from displaying political messages to graduates and their guests from above in the sky.

Threat of Protest Prompted Procession Changes — 9:39 a.m.

Interim Harvard President Alan M. Garber ’76, interim Provost John F. Manning ’82, school deans, members of the governing boards, and the honorary degree recipients did not participate in the typical Commencement procession due to concerns of a protest.

A procession still occurred featuring members of Harvard’s faculty. They were led by Faculty of Arts and Sciences Dean Hopi E. Hoesktra and processed to the front of Tercentenary Theatre.

Instead, Harvard’s leadership unceremoniously walked onto the stage from the side, forgoing the usual pomp and circumstance of the start of Commencement.

Doxxing Truck Returns to Campus for Commencement — 9:22 a.m.

A billboard ‘doxxing truck’ displaying faces and names of students arrived at the Yard and began driving around Harvard square.

The display, which closely resembled that of another billboard truck that circled the Square in October, labeled the students as “Harvard’s leading antisemites” and included links to websites alleging the students had signed onto a controversial statement released after Hamas’ October 7 attack on Israel.

The first billboard truck has been joined by a second — this time criticizing the Harvard Corporation, the University’s highest governing body. The display on the side of the truck includes the names and faces of five Corporation members and referred to the body as a “national disgrace & laughingstock.”

One of the people displayed on the truck, Susan L. Graham ’64, has not served on the Corporation since 2019.

The display, which carried the logo of the Jewish Leadership Project, also criticized what it called the “racist ideology of D.E.I.” and seemed to call on the Corporation members to resign.

Khurana, Paulsell Deliver Valediction in Philips Brooks House Courtyard — 8:57 a.m.

Harvard College Dean Rakesh Khurana and outgoing Eliot House Faculty Dean Stephanie Paulsell spoke to seniors at the valediction in the Philips Brooks House courtyard.

Paulsell, who is a Harvard Divinity School professor, shared her fond memories of the Eliot dining hall and Thursday-night poetry study breaks.

“The true Harvard is not one unchangeable thing. It never has been,” she told the soon-to-be graduates. “The true Harvard is us. Multiple, changeable, always in flux.”

Students applauded Paulsell.

Khurana spoke afterward to praise the graduating class.

“You’ve inspired me with your generosity, your courage, your passion, your ideas, your commitment, your kindness,” Khurana said.

He encouraged students to reflect on where they were before coming to Harvard, where they are now, and all that happened during their years at Cambridge — and invoked the symbolism of the courtyard where students were assembled.

Around the base of the sundial behind Holden Chapel, he noted, “is an inscription, a warning, a call to action. It reads, ‘On this moment hangs eternity.’”

Some students watched Khurana’s address stony-faced or leafed through their programs as he spoke, but after he finished, he drew cheers from the crowd.

Harvard Out of Occupied Palestine Distributes ‘The Harvard Crimeson’ — 8:51 a.m.

Harvard Out of Occupied Palestine, the coalition of pro-Palestine student groups that organized the encampment, distributed fake copies of The Harvard Crimson that are titled “The Harvard Crimeson.”

Copies include a list of HOOP’s demands of the University to disclose and divest from all investments “in Israel, the ongoing genocide in Gaza, and the occupation of Palestine.”

In the fake paper, HOOP wrote an article alleging in headlines that Harvard has invested “Hundreds of Millions in Genocide” and “The Crimson Refuses to Talk About Palestine.”

Under the latter headline, the parody paper appeared to reference Crimson Managing Editor Miles J. Herszenhorn ’25 by writing: “But no judgement. You also wouldn’t want to jeoparidze your relationship with your legacy media journalist father, or your exclusive relationship to Alan Garber, or your $500,000 annual budget, or...”

Commencement protesters standing in the Science Center Plaza outside Harvard Yard laughed as they read out the fake paper’s title.

Bacow to Receive Honorary Degree — 8:00 a.m.

Harvard will confer honorary degrees on six individuals during the Commencement Ceremony, including former University President Lawrence S. Bacow, who stepped down from the presidency in June 2023.

Other recipients include conductor Gustavo A. Dudamel Ramírez; Sylvester James Gates Jr., a physics professor at the University of Maryland; Joy Harjo-Sapulpa, a chancellor of the American Academy of Poets and former U.S. Poet Laureate; Jeannie Chin Hansen, former CEO of the American Geriatrics Society; and Maria A. Ressa, the Nobel-prize winning journalist who will address the Class of 2024 as the principal speaker later today.

Grads Make Statements in Support of Palestine — 7:55 a.m.

Many students at today’s ceremonies have chosen to make statements in support of Palestine with their caps and gowns. Some are wearing keffiyehs and others have decorated their caps with the Palestinian flag or messages to Harvard.

​​Three people held a canvas banner reading “Stop the Genocide in Gaza” outside Thayer Gate. Some students’ caps read “free free Palestine” and “disclose divest.”

The University will confer 7,782 degrees today— a number that notably does not include 13 pro-Palestine student protesters whose degrees were a point of serious contention between the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and the Harvard Corporation, the University’s highest governing body.

The Corporation voted not to award the 13 students degrees yesterday, reasoning that the faculty had not placed them back in good standing after being sanctioned by the Harvard College Administrative Board.

Protesters Rally for Palestine, Harvard Undergraduates Facing Disciplinary Action — 7:52 a.m.

Protesters gathered around Harvard Yard across the Smith Campus Center, holding handmade signs in support of the students facing disciplinary action by the College for staging a pro-Palestine encampment in Harvard Yard earlier this month. The signs contained messages like “Opposing Genocide is Not Anti-Semitism,” “Let Them Graduate,” and “This Jew Stands With Palestine”.

Cambridge police officers observed the protesters from across the street.

Faculty and Staff for Justice in Palestine Distributes Fake Commencement Programs — 7:50 a.m.

As families of graduating seniors line up outside the gates of Harvard Yard, members of Harvard Faculty and Staff for Justice in Palestine distributed pamphlets providing information on why Harvard should disclose and divest from its “at least $200 million in companies that profit from Israel’s occupation of Palestinian land,” the pamphlet read.

In the pamphlet, FSJP wrote that “there is broad support for divestment from Israel at Harvard.”

The pamphlet also included a timeline of Harvard’s divestments from controversial holdings in the past, including apartheid in South Africa, tobacco stocks, and fossil fuels.

Rain, HMS, and HSPH Enter the Yard — 7:33 a.m.

Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health students begin processing into the Yard amid a sudden sprinkle of rain. Students chatter among themselves and snap selfies. A few students raise umbrellas. One HMS student carries a canvas banner that reads “colonialism & occupation is a public health crisis” and demands divestment.

Extra! Extra! Read All About It! — 7:25 a.m.

The Harvard Crimson’s Commencement edition is being distributed to students and their guests at the various entrances to Harvard Yard. Pick up a copy of the newspaper from one of the Crimson editors passing out copies or read the print version online .

Undergraduate Procession to Harvard Yard Begins — 7:22 a.m.

Seniors begin processing up Plympton Street with their Harvard Houses to the tune of bagpipes. The Harvard Marching Band is also playing down Massachusetts Avenue as the seniors process, all draped in caps and gowns for the upcoming ceremony.

Overnight Preparations — 4:34 a.m.

Harvard University employees prepared for Thursday’s festivities overnight by placing the finishing touches on Harvard Yard.

Orange cones were placed alongside the Yard on Massachusetts Avenue to direct traffic in anticipation of thousands of pedestrians who will line up to get the best seat in Tercentenary Theatre.

A worker was also using a water hose and high pressure nozzle to clean the street in Harvard Square outside the T station in anticipation of the more than 30,000 people who will pass through the area today.

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