new research topics in pharmacology

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Pharmacology articles within Nature

Article | 08 May 2024

Structural pharmacology and therapeutic potential of 5-methoxytryptamines

Detailed analyses of the serotonin receptor 5-HT 1A and the psychedelic 5-methoxy- N,N -dimethyltryptamine reveal the differences in receptor structural pharmacology that mediate signalling specificity, efficacy and potency, findings that may facilitate the development of new neuropsychiatric therapeutics.

• Audrey L. Warren
• , David Lankri
•  &  Daniel Wacker

Article 08 May 2024 | Open Access

Discovery of potent small-molecule inhibitors of lipoprotein(a) formation

Biochemical screening and optimization identify small molecules that inhibit the formation of lipoprotein(a), and these inhibitors reduce the levels of Lp(a) in several animal models, suggesting that they could provide a therapeutic option in humans.

• , Carlos Perez
•  &  Laura F. Michael

Article | 10 April 2024

Bitter taste receptor activation by cholesterol and an intracellular tastant

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the type 2 taste receptor TAS2R14 in complex with Ggust and Gi1 identify cholesterol as an orthosteric agonist and the bitter tastant cmpd28.1 as a positive allosteric modulator and agonist.

• Yoojoong Kim
• , Ryan H. Gumpper
•  &  Bryan L. Roth

Article 08 April 2024 | Open Access

Tumour-selective activity of RAS-GTP inhibition in pancreatic cancer

RMC-7977, a multi-selective RAS(ON) inhibitor, exhibits potent tumour-selective activity in multiple pre-clinical models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through a combination of pharmacology and oncogene dependence.

• Urszula N. Wasko
• , Jingjing Jiang
•  &  Kenneth P. Olive

Article | 07 November 2023

Recognition of methamphetamine and other amines by trace amine receptor TAAR1

We report on the structures of the TAAR1–G-protein complex when bound to methamphetamine and other amines.

• , You Zheng
•  &  Fei Xu

Article | 31 July 2023

Conserved class B GPCR activation by a biased intracellular agonist

A study reports an orally available small-molecule agonist that binds between a G protein and its receptor, and characterizes this new binding mode.

• Li-Hua Zhao
•  &  H. Eric Xu

Article 07 June 2023 | Open Access

Class B1 GPCR activation by an intracellular agonist

A new intracellular agonist-binding pocket is identified that is common to many G protein-coupled receptors, which will have implications for the development of biased compounds that target this large group of receptors.

• Kazuhiro Kobayashi
• , Kouki Kawakami
•  &  Osamu Nureki

Article 03 May 2023 | Open Access

Ligand and G-protein selectivity in the κ-opioid receptor

Active-state structures of the κ-opioid receptor in complexes with the G-protein heterotrimers G i1 , G oA , G z and G g provide insights into the actions of hallucinogenic opioids and G-protein-coupling specificity at the κ-opioid receptor.

• Jianming Han
• , Jingying Zhang
•  &  Tao Che

Article | 15 March 2023

Structural basis of odorant recognition by a human odorant receptor

Through the use of cryo-electron microscopy and molecular dynamics stimulations, mechanistic insight into the binding of an odorant to the human odorant receptor OR51E2 is provided.

• Christian B. Billesbølle
• , Claire A. de March
•  &  Aashish Manglik

Article | 08 March 2023

Molecular sensing of mechano- and ligand-dependent adhesion GPCR dissociation

A technique to detect the release of N-terminal fragments of Drosophila adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) provides insight into the dissociation of aGPCRs, and shows that receptor autoproteolysis enables non-cell-autonomous activity of aGPCRs in the brain.

• Nicole Scholz
• , Anne-Kristin Dahse
•  &  Tobias Langenhan

Article | 30 November 2022

Structure-based design of bitopic ligands for the µ-opioid receptor

Bitopic functionalized ligands based on fentanyl can target the sodium ion-binding site of the mu-opioid receptor and selectively modulate downstream signalling pathways, potentially leading to safer analgesics.

• Abdelfattah Faouzi
• , Haoqing Wang
•  &  Susruta Majumdar

Article 14 September 2022 | Open Access

Brain-restricted mTOR inhibition with binary pharmacology

The combination of the brain-permeable mTOR inhibitor RapaLink-1 and the brain-impermeable FKBP12 ligand RapaBlock enable brain-specific inhibition of mTOR.

• Ziyang Zhang
• , Qiwen Fan
•  &  Kevan M. Shokat

Article | 08 August 2022

Autoantibody mimicry of hormone action at the thyrotropin receptor

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the thyrotropin receptor reveal the basis for the activation of the receptor by autoantibodies in patients with Graves’ disease.

• Bryan Faust
• , Christian B. Billesbølle

Article | 08 June 2022

Structural basis of GABA reuptake inhibition

Structural determination of GAT1 using cryo-electron microscopy provides insights into the biology and pharmacology of this GABA transporter.

• Zenia Motiwala
• , Nanda Gowtham Aduri
•  &  Cornelius Gati

Article | 08 December 2021

Structures of the σ 2 receptor enable docking for bioactive ligand discovery

Crystal structures of the σ 2 receptor are determined and used to perform a docking screen of nearly 500 million molecules, identifying σ 2 -selective ligands and providing insight into the role of σ 2 in neuropathic pain.

• , Jiankun Lyu
•  &  Andrew C. Kruse

Structural basis of inhibition of the human SGLT2–MAP17 glucose transporter

Using cryogenic electron microscopy, the structure of the human SGLT2–MAP17 complex captured in the empagliflozin-bound state reveals the inhibitory mechanism of these anti-diabetic drugs.

•  &  Lei Chen

Article | 17 November 2021

Structure, function and pharmacology of human itch receptor complexes

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the MRGPRX2–G i1 trimer in complex with polycationic compound 48/80 or inflammatory peptides provide insights into the sensing of cationic allergens by MRGPRX2, potentially facilitating the design of therapies to prevent unwanted pseudoallergic reactions.

•  &  Jin-Peng Sun

Article | 08 September 2021

Positive allosteric mechanisms of adenosine A 1 receptor-mediated analgesia

MIPS521, a positive allosteric modulator of the adenosine A 1 receptor, has analgesic properties in a rat model of neuropathic pain through a mechanism by which MIPS521 stabilizes the complex between adenosine, receptor and G protein.

• Christopher J. Draper-Joyce
• , Rebecca Bhola
•  &  Arthur Christopoulos

Article | 24 March 2021

Structural insights into the lipid and ligand regulation of serotonin receptors

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of three different serotonin receptors in complex with serotonin and other agonists provide insights into the role of lipids in regulating these receptors and the structural basis of ligand recognition.

• , Sijie Huang

Article | 09 December 2020

A non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analogue with therapeutic potential

Psychedelic alkaloids served as lead structures for the development of tabernanthalog, a non-hallucinogenic and non-toxic analogue that reduces alcohol- and heroin-seeking behaviour and produces antidepressant-like effects in rodents.

• Lindsay P. Cameron
• , Robert J. Tombari
•  &  David E. Olson

Article | 22 July 2020

Structural basis of GPBAR activation and bile acid recognition

Using cryo-electron microscopy, the authors report the structures of G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor–G s complexes and reveal the structural basis of bile acid recognition.

• , Chunyou Mao
•  &  Yan Zhang

Article | 10 February 2020

Virtual discovery of melatonin receptor ligands to modulate circadian rhythms

A computational screen of an ultra-large virtual library against the structure of the melatonin receptor found nanomolar ligands, and ultimately two selective MT 1 inverse agonists that induced phase advancement of the mouse circadian clock when given at subjective dusk.

• Reed M. Stein
• , Hye Jin Kang
•  &  Margarita L. Dubocovich

Article | 16 January 2020

Structure of the neurotensin receptor 1 in complex with β-arrestin 1

A cryo-electron microscopy structure of the neurotensin receptor 1 in complex with β-arrestin 1 is reported.

• Weijiao Huang
• , Matthieu Masureel
•  &  Brian K. Kobilka

Article | 08 January 2020

Activation of the GLP-1 receptor by a non-peptidic agonist

The structure of GLP-1R and its G protein in complex with the small molecule TT-OAD2 sheds light on how the TT-OAD2 agonist can activate the receptor and provides insights into the development of therapeutic agents for metabolic disorders.

• Peishen Zhao
• , Yi-Lynn Liang
•  &  Denise Wootten

Article | 02 January 2019

GABA A receptor signalling mechanisms revealed by structural pharmacology

Cryo-electron microscopy structures are reported in which the full-length human α1β3γ2L GABA A receptor in lipid nanodiscs is bound to the channel-blocker picrotoxin, the competitive antagonist bicuculline, the agonist GABA, and the benzodiazepines alprazolam and diazepam.

• Simonas Masiulis
• , Rooma Desai
•  &  A. Radu Aricescu

Article | 12 September 2018

Optimized arylomycins are a new class of Gram-negative antibiotics

Chemical optimization of arylomycins results in an inhibitor of bacterial type I signal peptidase that shows activity both against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria in vitro and in several in vivo infection models.

• Peter A. Smith
• , Michael F. T. Koehler
•  &  Christopher E. Heise

Review Article | 04 July 2018

Structural insights into G-protein-coupled receptor allostery

High-resolution structural studies of GPCRs have led to insights into the role of allostery in GPCR-mediated signal transduction.

• David M. Thal
• , Alisa Glukhova

Article | 20 June 2018

Structure of the adenosine-bound human adenosine A 1 receptor–G i complex

The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human adenosine A 1 receptor in complex with adenosine and heterotrimeric G i2 protein provides molecular insights into receptor and G-protein selectivity.

• , Maryam Khoshouei

Article | 13 June 2018

Structure of the µ-opioid receptor–G i protein complex

A cryo-electron structure of the µ-opioid receptor in complex with the peptide agonist DAMGO and the inhibitory G protein G i reveals structural determinants of its G protein-binding specificity.

• Antoine Koehl
• , Hongli Hu

Letter | 24 January 2018

Structure of the D2 dopamine receptor bound to the atypical antipsychotic drug risperidone

An X-ray structure of the D2 dopamine receptor bound to the atypical antipsychotic drug risperidone reveals an extended binding pocket and indicates structural features that could be used to design drugs that specifically target the D2 receptor.

Letter | 16 August 2017

Vaccine-driven pharmacodynamic dissection and mitigation of fenethylline psychoactivity

A vaccine-driven approach shows that the prominent stimulant features of the psychoactive profile of fenethylline can be attributed to amphetamine, with synergistic support from theophylline, and no direct contributions from the parent drug molecule.

• Cody J. Wenthur
•  &  Kim D. Janda

Article | 31 May 2017

Crystal structure of the GLP-1 receptor bound to a peptide agonist

The solved crystal structure of the GLP-1 receptor bound to a truncated agonist enables the design of synthetic agonists that exhibit potent activity in vivo .

• Ali Jazayeri
• , Mathieu Rappas
•  &  Fiona H. Marshall

Letter | 26 April 2017

Structural insight into allosteric modulation of protease-activated receptor 2

Crystal structures of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in complex with two different antagonist ligands and with a blocking antibody reveal binding sites that are distinct from those found on PAR1, offering new leads for structure-based drug design.

• Robert K. Y. Cheng
• , Cédric Fiez-Vandal
•  &  Niek Dekker

Article | 24 April 2017

Phase-plate cryo-EM structure of a class B GPCR–G-protein complex

Volta phase-plate cryo-electron microscopy reveals the structure of the full-length calcitonin receptor in complex with its peptide ligand and Gα s βγ.

• Yi-Lynn Liang
•  &  Patrick M. Sexton

Letter | 22 March 2017

The allosteric inhibitor ABL001 enables dual targeting of BCR–ABL1

The selective allosteric ABL1 inhibitor ABL001 (asciminib) represents a new inhibitory mechanism for BCR–ABL1-driven malignancies, and its efficacy and evolving mechanisms of resistance do not overlap with those of other BCR–ABL1 kinase inhibitors.

• Andrew A. Wylie
• , Joseph Schoepfer
•  &  William R. Sellers

Letter | 07 December 2016

Structure of CC chemokine receptor 2 with orthosteric and allosteric antagonists

The crystal structure of CCR2 chemokine receptor in a complex with two different antagonists—one orthosteric the other allosteric—which functionally cooperate to inhibit CCR2.

•  &  Tracy M. Handel

Review Article | 01 December 2016

Organization and functions of mGlu and GABA B receptor complexes

This Review discusses current knowledge of the structure, function and interactions of the metabotropic glutamate and GABA B receptors and the potential to target receptor subunits for future therapeutic intervention in neurological and mental health disorders.

• Jean-Philippe Pin
•  &  Bernhard Bettler

Brief Communications Arising | 30 November 2016

Drug response consistency in CCLE and CGP

• Mehdi Bouhaddou
• , Matthew S. DiStefano
•  &  Marc R. Birtwistle

Safikhani et al. reply

• Zhaleh Safikhani
• , Nehme El-Hachem
•  &  Benjamin Haibe-Kains

Inside View | 23 November 2016

Inside View: Almirall

Letter | 16 November 2016

High-resolution crystal structure of the human CB1 cannabinoid receptor

The authors report a 2.6 Å resolution crystal structure of the human CB1 cannabinoid receptor trapped in the inactive conformation and bound to the antagonist taranabant.

• Zhenhua Shao
•  &  Daniel M. Rosenbaum

Letter | 13 July 2016

Allosteric nanobodies reveal the dynamic range and diverse mechanisms of G-protein-coupled receptor activation

Stabilization of an active and inactive conformation of the β 2 -adrenergic receptor by allosteric nanobodies reveals differential ligand-dependent regulation of receptor states to control G-protein-coupled receptor activation.

• Dean P. Staus
• , Ryan T. Strachan
•  &  Robert J. Lefkowitz

Article | 04 May 2016

NMDAR inhibition-independent antidepressant actions of ketamine metabolites

The metabolism of ketamine to (2S,6S;2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) is essential for its antidepressant effects, and the (2R,6R)-HNK enantiomer lacks ketamine-related side effects but exerts rapid and sustained antidepressant actions in mice; these antidepressant effects are independent of NMDAR inhibition but require AMPAR activity.

• Panos Zanos
• , Ruin Moaddel
•  &  Todd D. Gould

Letter | 24 February 2016

Structural basis of lenalidomide-induced CK1α degradation by the CRL4 CRBN ubiquitin ligase

Thalidomide and its derivative lenalidomide bind the CRL4 CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase and target protein substrates for degradation; structural and functional data determined here show that casein kinase 1α and the lymphoid transcription factor Ikaros, the efficacy targets of lenalidomide in two different blood cancers, interact with the CRBN–lenalidomide interface through a β-hairpin destruction motif.

• Georg Petzold
• , Eric S. Fischer
•  &  Nicolas H. Thomä

Letter | 04 November 2015

Resensitizing daclatasvir-resistant hepatitis C variants by allosteric modulation of NS5A

The drug daclatasvir (DCV), which inhibits the hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 5A (NS5A), can successfully reduce viral load in patients; here, a combination of DCV and an NS5A analogue is shown to enhance DCV potency on multiple genotypes and overcome resistance in vitro and in a mouse model.

• Jin-Hua Sun
• , Donald R. O’Boyle II
•  &  Min Gao

Spotlight | 18 June 2014

Spotlight on Biotech/Pharma

Letter | 13 November 2013

Antidiabetic effects of glucokinase regulatory protein small-molecule disruptors

Two small-molecule disruptors of the glucokinase–glucokinase-regulatory-protein complex, AMG-1694 and AMG-3969, are identified that decrease blood glucose levels in various models of hyperglycaemic rodents.

• David J. Lloyd
• , David J. St Jean Jr
•  &  Clarence Hale

Article | 12 December 2012

Automated design of ligands to polypharmacological profiles

An automated approach designing drug ligands to multi-target profiles (with a 75% prediction success rate) is experimentally validated by the invention of novel ligands tailored to the complex and physiologically-relevant goal of identifying drugs that can specifically target profiles of multiple proteins.

• Jérémy Besnard
• , Gian Filippo Ruda
•  &  Andrew L. Hopkins

Article | 09 December 2012

High-resolution crystal structure of human protease-activated receptor 1

The X-ray crystal structure of the human G-protein-coupled receptor protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) bound to the antagonist vorapaxar is solved, revealing an unusual method of drug binding that should facilitate the development of improved PAR1-selective antagonists.

• Cheng Zhang
• , Yoga Srinivasan

News | 21 November 2012

Drug-pollution law all washed up

EU initiative to clean up waterways faces tough opposition.

• Natasha Gilbert

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Researchers wrestle with accuracy of AI technology used to create new drug candidates

Artificial intelligence (AI) has numerous applications in healthcare, from analyzing medical imaging to optimizing the execution of clinical trials, and even facilitating drug discovery.

AlphaFold2, an artificial intelligence system that predicts protein structures, has made it possible for scientists to identify and conjure an almost infinite number of drug candidates for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. However recent studies have sown doubt about the accuracy of AlphaFold2 in modeling ligand binding sites, the areas on proteins where drugs attach and begin signaling inside cells to cause a therapeutic effect, as well as possible side effects.

In a new paper, Bryan Roth, MD, PhD, the Michael Hooker Distinguished Professor of Pharmacology and director of the NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine, and colleagues at UCSF, Stanford and Harvard determined that AlphaFold2 can yield accurate results for ligand binding structures, even when the technology has nothing to go off of. Their results were published in Science .

"Our results suggest that AF2 structures can be useful for drug discovery," said Roth, senior author who holds a joint appointment at the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy. "With a nearly infinite number of possibilities to create drugs that hit their intended target to treat a disease, this sort of AI tool can be invaluable."

AlphaFold2 and Prospective Modeling

Much like weather forecasting or stock market prediction, AlphaFold2 works by pulling from a massive database of known proteins to create models of protein structures. Then, it can simulate how different molecular compounds (like drug candidates) fit into the protein's binding sites and produce wanted effects. Researchers can use the resulting combinations to better understand protein interactions and create new drug candidates.

To determine the accuracy of AlphaFold2, researchers had to compare the results of a retrospective study against that of a prospective study. A retrospective study involves researchers feeding the prediction software compounds they already know bind to the receptor. Whereas, a prospective study requires researchers to use the technology as a fresh slate, and then feed the AI platform information about compounds that may or may not interact with the receptor.

Researchers used two proteins, sigma-2 and 5-HT2A, for the study. These proteins, which belong to two different protein families, are important in cell communication and have been implicated in neuropsychiatric conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. The 5-HT2A serotonin receptor is also the main target for psychedelic drugs which show promise for treating a large number of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Roth and colleagues selected these proteins because AlphaFold2 had no prior information about sigma-2 and 5-HT2A or the compounds that might bind to them. Essentially, the technology was given two proteins for which it wasn't trained on -- essentially giving the researchers a "blank slate."

First, researchers fed the AlphaFold system the protein structures for sigma-2 and 5-HT2A, creating a prediction model. Researchers then accessed physical models of the two proteins that were produced using complex microscopy and x-ray crystallography techniques. With a press of a button, as many as 1.6 billion potential drugs were targeted to the experimental models and AlphaFold2 models. Interestingly, every model had a different drug candidate outcome.

Successful Hit Rates

Despite the models having differing results, they show great promise for drug discovery. Researchers determined that the proportion of compounds that actually altered protein activity for each of the models were around 50% and 20% for the sigma-2 receptor and 5-HT2A receptors, respectively. A result greater than 5% is exceptional.

Out of the hundreds of millions of potential combinations, 54% of the drug-protein interactions using the sigma-2 AlphaFold2 protein models were successfully activated through a bound drug candidate. The experimental model for sigma-2 produced similar results with a success rate of 51%.

"This work would be impossible without collaborations among several leading experts at UCSF, Stanford, Harvard, and UNC-Chapel Hill," Roth said. "Going forward we will test whether these results might be applicable to other therapeutic targets and target classes."

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Story Source:

Materials provided by University of North Carolina Health Care . Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference :

• Jiankun Lyu, Nicholas Kapolka, Ryan Gumpper, Assaf Alon, Liang Wang, Manish K. Jain, Ximena Barros-Álvarez, Kensuke Sakamoto, Yoojoong Kim, Jeffrey DiBerto, Kuglae Kim, Isabella S. Glenn, Tia A. Tummino, Sijie Huang, John J. Irwin, Olga O. Tarkhanova, Yurii Moroz, Georgios Skiniotis, Andrew C. Kruse, Brian K. Shoichet, Bryan L. Roth. AlphaFold2 structures guide prospective ligand discovery . Science , 2024; DOI: 10.1126/science.adn6354

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Trends in Pharmacological Sciences Looks Ahead in 2021 and Beyond

Kusumika mukherjee.

1 Editor, Trends in Pharmacological Sciences

‘The best-laid plans of mice and men oft go astray’ said the Scottish poet, Robert Burns. For the world, year 2020 was one such year, where, as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raged, people’s lives ground to a halt and all plans changed overnight. Science pivoted to focus its attention on understanding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease it caused, to meet the urgent need of generating therapies and vaccines to combat COVID-19.

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (TIPS) had a front seat view to these fast-progressing scientific discoveries, as experts reviewed the available coronavirus literature, presented perspectives on the different potential therapeutic paths to beat the disease, and provided succinct analyses of COVID-19 literature as the works were published. Consequently, several of these high-impact articles were published in the journal in 2020 and have now been collated into a collection i . I am glad to know that the authors of each of these articles considered TIPS as the home for their works and am amazed by their dedication to present the best science for the readers of TIPS , and elsewhere, under such trying times.

Indeed, not only do I offer my thanks and appreciation to the authors of COVID-19 associated articles, but I also thank and greatly appreciate all authors and reviewers who contributed (and continue to do so) their time and energy to the journal throughout the past year, often times dealing simultaneously with stressors from the pandemic.

The year 2021 brought with it hope (in the form of several vaccines for COVID-19) globally, and changes in TIPS , with the addition of several new experts on the Advisory Board. This year, I am pleased to introduce eight new Advisory Board members ( Box 1 , Box 2 , Box 3 , Box 4 , Box 5 , Box 6 , Box 7 , Box 8 ).

Kum Kum Khanna

Professor, Group Leader, Deputy Coordinator

Department of Cell and Molecular Biology

QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute

Prof Kum Kum Khanna heads the Signal Transduction Laboratory at the QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research. She is best known for her work in understanding cellular DNA damage response pathways and their link with cancer initiation and progression. Her preclinical work is focused on developing novel therapies for triple-negative breast cancer and high-grade serous ovarian cancer. About TIPS , Dr Khanna says: ‘What I like about TIPS is that it covers spectrum of topics on all aspects of pharmacology and aims to provide authoritative survey of most important and timely developments. These pieces are very well read, cited, and have impact on new advances in the field.’

Alt-text: Box 1

Mary Bebawy

Associate Professor

University of Technology, Sydney

Dr Bebawy is a pharmaceutical scientist who leads the laboratory of cancer cell biology and therapeutics at the University of Technology Sydney, Australia. Her research focuses on the molecular basis of cancer relapse. She led the discovery that extracellular vesicles could confer multidrug resistance in cancer, thus introducing a new parallel molecular pathway of drug resistance. Her recent work focuses on the translation of these research findings into clinical practice by exploring the utility of vesicles in precision medicine and as important clinical biomarkers. She says that TIPS has long been synonymous with changing the pharmacology and toxicology paradigm and with the growth of important areas in the field, such as precision medicine, innovative diagnostic technologies, and emerging therapeutics. TIPS continues to serve as an important medium for presenting innovative and transformative discoveries.

Alt-text: Box 2

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology

University of Otago

New Zealand

Debbie Hay is Professor of Pharmacology at the University of Otago. Her research focuses on class B G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), especially those that complex with accessory proteins called RAMPs. Her lab has a long-standing interest in understanding the pharmacology, mode of ligand binding and signaling, and tissue expression of these receptors and is developing new analogs and tools to study these peptide-receptor systems. A particular interest is the role of these receptors in migraine.

Dr Hay believes TIPS is important for its long-standing ability to provide content that is accessible across the spectrum of degree student to senior researcher, covering broad topics of relevance to pharmacology. She hopes that TIPS would work to incorporate more visual content as it is important to find diverse ways of depicting complex information in times where information overload is becoming an increasing challenge.

Alt-text: Box 3

Avner Schlessinger

Department of Pharmacological Sciences

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Dr Schlessinger is an Associate Professor of Pharmacological Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS); Associate Director of Mt Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, and Co-Director of the Pharmacology, Discovery, and Therapeutics Training Area at ISMMS. The overall goal of Dr Schlessinger’s research is to describe drug mechanisms by developing methods integrating approaches from computational chemistry, data science, and chemical biology. His lab applies these methods to characterize disease pathways and develop novel strategies to modulate biological systems.

Avner feels that TIPS covers cutting-edge research from a range of disciplines, integrating experimental and computational methodologies, for the understanding of disease and drug mechanisms as well as the discovery of novel therapeutics and precision medicine. He would like to see TIPS keep evolving and help readers gain a deep understanding of biological systems and disease states through covering topics that highlight a quantitative and predictive description of pharmacology.

Alt-text: Box 4

Martina Schmidt

Faculty of Science and Engineering, Molecular Pharmacology

Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD

University of Groningen

The Netherlands

Martina Schmidt is Professor of Molecular Pharmacology and her research focuses on clustering of defined subcellular compartments ( signalosomes ) that enables cells to exert highly specialized tasks. The ultimate goal of her research group is to define novel signaling clusters (protein–protein interactions) to offer yet unknown treatment opportunities for, for example, Alzheimer’s dementia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and infectious diseases.

Martina envisions TIPS as an ideal platform to highlight novel developments in the field of pharmacology. The articles are very well designed and of high impact. Publications in TIPS offer a unique opportunity to raise interest into pharmacology by other disciplines and to foster cross-fertilization by distinct field of expertise. Dr Schmidt believes that novel technology platforms will certainly catch the interest of TIPS in the future.

Alt-text: Box 5

Stephanie Harlfinger

ADME Team Lead, DMPK Project Lead

Astra Zeneca

Dr Harlfinger is an experienced DMPK scientist (drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics), whose focus has been on supporting drug discovery and early development projects in optimizing, selecting, and profiling clinical candidates, by driving mechanistic understanding of the clearance, distribution, and drug–drug interactions ( in vitro and in vivo ). This ensures that candidate drugs have the correct properties to enable the appropriate balance between efficacy and safety that will lead to a new medicine.

About TIPS , Stephanie says: ‘The integrative approach that TIPS takes, with regards to the scientific disciplines that shape efficacy and safety of medicines, positions it to contribute integrally to advance pharmacological sciences. I would like to see TIPS progress on this trajectory of trying to target researchers from different areas and levels of training with the aim to connect them and foster collaboration.

Alt-text: Box 6

Jeffrey Benovic

Thomas Eakins Professor

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Thomas Jefferson University

Dr Benovic has a long-standing interest in understanding the mechanisms that regulate GPCR signaling, with a primary focus on the biochemistry and cell biology of GPCR kinases (GRKs) and arrestins and understanding how dysregulation of GPCRs contributes to the development of disease. This work has involved characterization of the mechanisms involved in receptor phosphorylation and arrestin binding, the structural basis for GRK and arrestin interaction with GPCRs, and the development of strategies to bias GPCR signaling.

He likes the timely reviews and opinions that are a hallmark of TIPS and feels that this is a great place for trainees and faculty to keep up to date in their own field but also learn about new areas of research. Jeffrey would like to see TIPS reach out to trainees and young investigators and get them more involved in writing reviews and opinions for the journal.

Alt-text: Box 7

Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy

The University of Hong Kong

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

Dr Lam’s research is focused on the development of drug delivery systems for macromolecular therapeutics, including nucleic acids, proteins, vaccines, and antimicrobial agents, with special interest in the use of particle engineering techniques to produce inhaled and nasal dry powder formulations for the treatment of respiratory diseases.

Jenny considers TIPS as one of the journals that leads the field of pharmacological sciences and attracts readers from different disciplines. It provides up-to-date reviews and opinions of the latest technologies and development that highlight the interface between biological science, pharmaceutical science, and drug development. Dr Lam says that she particularly likes the ‘Outstanding Questions’ section of TIPS as they inspire readers to explore the critical research questions in the field. In the coming years, she would like to see TIPS continue to publish exciting articles on the emerging areas in pharmacology and therapeutic research that can promote and reinforce interaction between basic scientists, applied scientists, and clinicians.

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To the readers of the journal, I hope you have found the articles published in TIPS helpful in your scientific pursuits and continue to do so. TIPS thanks you for your support and is always open to feedback and ideas. The journal can be reached at [email protected] and/or @TrendsinPharma .

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Taking RNAi from interesting science to impactful new treatments

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There are many hurdles to clear before a research discovery becomes a life-changing treatment for patients. That’s especially true when the treatments being developed represent an entirely new class of medicines. But overcoming those obstacles can revolutionize our ability to treat diseases.

Few companies exemplify that process better than Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. Alnylam was founded by a group of MIT-affiliated researchers who believed in the promise of a technology — RNA interference, or RNAi.

The researchers had done foundational work to understand how RNAi, which is a naturally occurring process, works to silence genes through the degradation of messenger RNA. But it was their decision to found Alnylam in 2002 that attracted the funding and expertise necessary to turn their discoveries into a new class of medicines. Since that decision, Alnylam has made remarkable progress taking RNAi from an interesting scientific discovery to an impactful new treatment pathway.

Today Alnylam has five medicines approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (one Alnylam-discovered RNAi therapeutic is licensed to Novartis) and a rapidly expanding clinical pipeline. The company’s approved medicines are for debilitating, sometimes fatal conditions that many patients have grappled with for decades with few other options.

The company estimates its treatments helped more than 5,000 patients in 2023 alone. Behind that number are patient stories that illustrate how Alnylam has changed lives. A mother of three says Alnylam’s treatments helped her take back control of her life after being bed-ridden with attacks associated with the rare genetic disease acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). Another patient reported that one of the company’s treatments helped her attend her daughter’s wedding. A third patient, who had left college due to frequent AIP attacks, was able to return to school.

These days Alnylam is not the only company developing RNAi-based medicines. But it is still a pioneer in the field, and the company’s founders — MIT Institute Professor Phil Sharp, Professor David Bartel, Professor Emeritus Paul Schimmel, and former MIT postdocs Thomas Tuschl and Phillip Zamore — see Alnylam as a champion for the field more broadly.

“Alnylam has published more than 250 scientific papers over 20 years,” says Sharp, who currently serves as chair of Alnylam’s scientific advisory board. “Not only did we do the science, not only did we translate it to benefit patients, but we also described every step. We established this as a modality to treat patients, and I’m very proud of that record.”

Pioneering RNAi development

MIT’s involvement in RNAi dates back to its discovery. Before Andrew Fire PhD ’83 shared a Nobel Prize for the discovery of RNAi in 1998, he worked on understanding how DNA was transcribed into RNA, as a graduate student in Sharp’s lab.

After leaving MIT, Fire and collaborators showed that double-stranded RNA could be used to silence specific genes in worms. But the biochemical mechanisms that allowed double-stranded RNA to work were unknown until MIT professors Sharp, Bartel, and Ruth Lehmann, along with Zamore and Tuschl, published foundational papers explaining the process. The researchers developed a system for studying RNAi and showed how RNAi can be controlled using different genetic sequences. Soon after Tuschl left MIT, he showed that a similar process could also be used to silence specific genes in human cells, opening up a new frontier in studying genes and ultimately treating diseases.

“Tom showed you could synthesize these small RNAs, transfect them into cells, and get a very specific knockdown of the gene that corresponded to that the small RNAs,” Bartel explains. “That discovery transformed biological research. The ability to specifically knockdown a mammalian gene was huge. You could suddenly study the function of any gene you were interested in by knocking it down and seeing what happens. … The research community immediately started using that approach to study the function of their favorite genes in mammalian cells.”

Beyond illuminating gene function, another application came to mind.

“Because almost all diseases are related to genes, could we take these small RNAs and silence genes to treat patients?” Sharp remembers wondering.

To answer the question, the researchers founded Alnylam in 2002. (They recruited Schimmel, a biotech veteran, around the same time.) But there was a lot of work to be done before the technology could be tried in patients. The main challenge was getting RNAi into the cytoplasm of the patients’ cells.

“Through work in Dave Bartel and Phil Sharp's lab, among others, it became evident that to make RNAi into therapies, there were three problems to solve: delivery, delivery, and delivery,” says Alnylam Chief Scientific Officer Kevin Fitzgerald, who has been with the company since 2005.

Early on, Alnylam collaborated with MIT drug delivery expert and Institute Professor Bob Langer. Eventually, Alnylam developed the first lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that could be used to encase RNA and deliver it into patient cells. LNPs were later used in the mRNA vaccines for Covid-19.

“Alnylam has invested over 20 years and more than $4 billion in RNAi to develop these new therapeutics,” Sharp says. “That is the means by which innovations can be translated to the benefit of society.”

From scientific breakthrough to patient bedside

Alnylam received its first FDA approval in 2018 for treatment of the polyneuropathy of hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis, a rare and fatal disease. It doubled as the first RNAi therapeutic to reach the market and the first drug approved to treat that condition in the United States.

“What I keep in mind is, at the end of the day for certain patients, two months is everything,” Fitzgerald says. “The diseases that we’re trying to treat progress month by month, day by day, and patients can get to a point where nothing is helping them. If you can move their disease by a stage, that’s huge.”

Since that first treatment, Alnylam has updated its RNAi delivery system — including by conjugating small interfering RNAs to molecules that help them gain entry to cells — and earned approvals to treat other rare genetic diseases along with high cholesterol (the treatment licensed to Novartis). All of those treatments primarily work by silencing genes that encode for the production of proteins in the liver, which has proven to be the easiest place to deliver RNAi molecules. But Alnylam’s team is confident they can deliver RNAi to other areas of the body, which would unlock a new world of treatment possibilities. The company has reported promising early results in the central nervous system and says a phase one study last year was the first RNAi therapeutic to demonstrate gene silencing in the human brain.

“There’s a lot of work being done at Alnylam and other companies to deliver these RNAis to other tissues: muscles, immune cells, lung cells, etc.,” Sharp says. “But to me the most interesting application is delivery to the brain. We think we have a therapeutic modality that can very specifically control the activity of certain genes in the nervous system. I think that’s extraordinarily important, for diseases from Alzheimer’s to schizophrenia and depression.”

The central nervous system work is particularly significant for Fitzgerald, who watched his father struggle with Parkinson’s.

“Our goal is to be in every organ in the human body, and then combinations of organs, and then combinations of targets within individual organs, and then combinations of targets within multi-organs,” Fitzgerald says. “We’re really at the very beginning of what this technology is going do for human health.”

It’s an exciting time for the RNAi scientific community, including many who continue to study it at MIT. Still, Alnylam will need to continue executing in its drug development efforts to deliver on that promise and help an expanding pool of patients.

“I think this is a real frontier,” Sharp says. “There’s major therapeutic need, and I think this technology could have a huge impact. But we have to prove it. That’s why Alnylam exists: to pursue new science that unlocks new possibilities and discover if they can be made to work. That, of course, also why MIT is here: to improve lives.”

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Recent publications of interest recommended by NC-IUPHAR

2024: may | apr | mar | jan 2023: nov | oct | sep | aug | jul | may.

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September 2023

• The Batten disease gene product CLN5 is the lysosomal bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate synthase. Medoh UN, Hims A, Chen JY, Ghoochani A, Nyame K, Dong W, Abu-Remaileh M. The Batten disease gene product CLN5 is the lysosomal bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate synthase. (2023)   Science , 381 (6663): 1182-1189. [PMID: 37708259 ]
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August 2023

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• Bilirubin gates the TRPM2 channel as a direct agonist to exacerbate ischemic brain damage. Liu HW, Gong LN, Lai K, Yu XF, Liu ZQ, Li MX, Yin XL, Liang M, Shi HS, Jiang LH et al. . Bilirubin gates the TRPM2 channel as a direct agonist to exacerbate ischemic brain damage. (2023)   Neuron , 111 (10): 1609-1625.e6. [PMID: 36921602 ]
• FDA approves first-in-class NK3 receptor antagonist for hot flushes. Mullard A. FDA approves first-in-class NK3 receptor antagonist for hot flushes. (2023)   Nat Rev Drug Discov , 22 (7): 526. [PMID: 37208488 ]
• Identification and classification of papain-like cysteine proteinases. Ozhelvaci F, Steczkiewicz K. Identification and classification of papain-like cysteine proteinases. (2023)   J Biol Chem , 299 (6): 104801. [PMID: 37164157 ]

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This network meta-analysis evaluates different dual antiplatelet therapy treatment regimens for patients with minor, nondisabling, acute ischemic stroke.

This comparative effectiveness analysis examines the outcomes of pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by race and cytarabine pharmacogenomics.

• Short-Acting, Full Agonist Opioids During Initiation of Opioid Agonist Treatment in the Fentanyl Era JAMA Network Open Opinion May 15, 2024 Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Substance Use and Addiction Medicine Opioids Full Text | pdf link PDF open access

This cohort study examines the association of coprescription of hydromorphone tablet or sustained-release oral morphine and opioid agonist treatment (OAT) vs OAT alone with the probability of subsequent OAT treatment among people with opioid use disorder in British Columbia, Canada.

This qualitative study examines nonprescribed use of anabolic androgenic steroids among gay, bisexual, and queer cisgender men in New York, New York.

This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial investigates differences in incidence of cardiovascular outcomes and noncancer deaths in older patients receiving chlorthalidone vs hydrochlorothiazide who do and do not have a history of myocardial infarction or stroke.

This cohort study investigates demographic and clinical patient characteristics associated with risk of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.

This stepped-wedge cluster trial evaluates the effectiveness of a rapid 5- to 7-day initiation of extended-release naltrexone compared with the standard 12- to 14-day procedure among individuals with opioid use disorder.

• Advancing Pharmacoequity in Atrial Fibrillation—The Case for Direct Oral Anticoagulants JAMA Network Open Opinion May 6, 2024 Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Health Disparities Anticoagulation Health Policy Health Inequities Full Text | pdf link PDF open access

This cohort study investigates potential disparities by race, ethnicity, and social vulnerability in the initiation of direct oral anticoagulants among Medicare beneficiaries in the US.

• Therapy Attrition and Lessons for Future Approaches to Treatment of Advanced Urothelial Cancer JAMA Network Open Opinion May 2, 2024 Oncology Treatment Adherence Urology Urologic Cancer Adverse Drug Events Full Text | pdf link PDF open access

This cohort study assesses treatment patterns and attrition rates in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma in US oncology clinics.

This cohort study examines the potential associations of adverse pregnancy outcomes with first-time use of psychiatric treatment among first-time fathers in Denmark.

This cross-sectional study of older adults with kidney failure receiving hemodialysis examines prescription and dispensation patterns of QT-prolonging medications with known torsades de pointes risk and selected interacting medications prescribed to this population.

This economic evaluation examines the cost-effectiveness of varenicline monotherapy vs varenicline treatment in combination with patch nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation when both types of treatment are offered at standard of care and extended durations.

This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial examines whether warning letters to high prescribers of quetiapine are associated with reduced prescribing to patients with dementia and investigates the impacts on patients’ health outcomes.

This cross-sectional study assesses whether the rates and trends of psychotropic medication prescribing changed from before vs in the 2 years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic for children and adolescents.

This cohort study evaluates the association of therapist burnout with the effectiveness of guideline-recommended trauma-focused psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder among patients.

This cohort study examines the risk of monotherapy failure and risk of long-term prescription for guideline-recommended hypnotics prescribed for insomnia disorders among adults in Japan.

This cross-sectional study surveys attitudes toward reproductive health services and medication abortion; the availability of pharmacist-prescribed, self-administered hormonal contraceptives; and pharmacy-level contraceptive implementation obstacles from licensed community pharmacists in California.

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Pharmacology Research Paper Topics

In this page on pharmacology research paper topics , we explore the diverse and dynamic field of pharmacology and provide valuable resources for students who are tasked with writing research papers in this discipline. Pharmacology, as a branch of science, encompasses the study of how drugs interact with biological systems, aiming to understand their mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, and potential side effects. With the growing importance of pharmacology in healthcare and drug development, it is crucial for students to delve into relevant pharmacology research paper topics that contribute to advancing knowledge and addressing current challenges in the field. Additionally, we highlight iResearchNet’s writing services, offering students the opportunity to order custom pharmacology research papers tailored to their specific needs. Our team of expert writers, equipped with in-depth knowledge of pharmacology and related fields, ensures high-quality, well-researched papers that adhere to the highest academic standards.

In the field of pharmacology, research plays a critical role in advancing our understanding of drugs, their mechanisms of action, and their impact on human health. As students of pharmacology, you may be tasked with writing research papers that explore various aspects of this dynamic discipline. To assist you in your research journey, we have curated a comprehensive list of pharmacology research paper topics that cover a wide range of subfields and emerging areas of interest. Whether you are interested in drug discovery, clinical pharmacology, pharmacogenomics, or drug safety, this list provides a wealth of ideas to inspire and guide your research endeavors.

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Drug Discovery and Development

• Role of Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery
• Personalized Medicine: Tailoring Drug Therapy to Individual Patients
• Drug Repurposing: Exploring New Indications for Existing Drugs
• Pharmacogenomics and Drug Response Prediction
• Nanomedicine: Applications in Drug Delivery and Targeting
• Innovative Approaches for Drug Formulation and Delivery
• Drug Combinations: Synergistic Effects and Therapeutic Opportunities
• Natural Products as Sources of Novel Therapeutic Agents
• Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking in Drug Design
• Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of New Drug Entities

Clinical Pharmacology

• Precision Dosing: Optimizing Drug Therapy for Individual Patients
• Pharmacokinetic Variability in Special Populations (Pediatrics, Geriatrics, Pregnant Women)
• Drug-Drug Interactions: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
• Adverse Drug Reactions: Identification, Prevention, and Management
• Pharmacovigilance and Drug Safety Monitoring
• Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Rationale and Practical Considerations
• Clinical Trials in Pharmacology: Design, Implementation, and Analysis
• Drug Development and Regulatory Approval Processes
• Pharmacoeconomics: Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of Drug Therapy
• Ethical Considerations in Clinical Pharmacology Research

Neuropharmacology and Psychopharmacology

• Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Applications of Antidepressant Drugs
• Neurotransmitter Systems and Their Role in Mental Health Disorders
• Psychotropic Drugs and Their Impact on Cognitive Functioning
• Novel Approaches for Targeting Neurodegenerative Disorders
• Pharmacological Management of Substance Use Disorders
• Pharmacogenetics in Psychiatry: Implications for Individualized Treatment
• Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
• Neuropharmacology of Sleep and Wakefulness
• Pharmacotherapy for Schizophrenia: Current Trends and Future Directions
• Novel Treatments for Anxiety and Mood Disorders

Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism

• Drug Transporters and Their Role in Drug Disposition
• Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Drug Therapy
• Pharmacokinetic Variability and Its Impact on Drug Response
• Drug Metabolism Pathways and Enzyme Polymorphisms
• Drug-Drug Interactions: Mechanisms and Clinical Significance
• Predictive Modeling in Pharmacokinetics and Dose Optimization
• Pharmacokinetics in Special Populations: Pediatrics and Geriatrics
• Impact of Genetic Variation on Drug Clearance and Toxicity
• Role of Pharmacokinetics in Individualizing Drug Dosage
• Strategies for Improving Oral Bioavailability of Drugs

Pharmacology of Infectious Diseases

• Antimicrobial Resistance: Mechanisms, Epidemiology, and Strategies
• Development of Novel Antiviral Agents: Challenges and Opportunities
• Pharmacotherapy for Bacterial Infections: Current Approaches and Future Directions
• Antifungal Drugs: Mechanisms of Action and Resistance
• Host-Pathogen Interactions and Their Implications for Drug Development
• Pharmacokinetic Considerations in the Treatment of Viral Infections
• Targeting Virulence Factors in Bacterial Pathogens
• Drug Combination Therapy for Multidrug-Resistant Infections
• Pharmacogenomics of Antimicrobial Agents
• New Approaches for Antiparasitic Drug Development

Cardiovascular Pharmacology

• Novel Antiplatelet Agents: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications
• Antihypertensive Therapy: Current Strategies and Future Perspectives
• Pharmacotherapy for Heart Failure: Advancements and Challenges
• Role of Pharmacogenomics in Cardiovascular Drug Therapy
• Therapeutic Potential of Antiarrhythmic Agents
• Pharmacological Management of Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis
• Emerging Therapies for Pulmonary Hypertension
• Pharmacological Approaches to Preventing Thromboembolic Disorders
• Cardiotoxicity of Chemotherapeutic Agents: Mechanisms and Cardioprotective Strategies
• Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Cardiovascular Disease

Pharmacology and Aging

• Geriatric Pharmacotherapy: Challenges and Approaches
• Age-Related Changes in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
• Polypharmacy and Its Impact on Older Adults
• Adverse Drug Reactions in the Elderly: Recognition and Prevention
• Pharmacological Management of Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disorders
• Geriatric Pharmacogenomics: Implications for Personalized Medicine
• Drug-Related Falls and Fractures in the Elderly: Prevention and Intervention
• Medication Adherence in Older Adults: Barriers and Strategies
• Geriatric Pain Management: Balancing Efficacy and Safety
• Optimizing Drug Therapy in Older Adults with Multiple Comorbidities

Pharmacology of Cancer

• Targeted Therapies for Solid Tumors: Recent Advances and Future Directions
• Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment: Current Approaches and Challenges
• Pharmacogenomics of Chemotherapy: Implications for Personalized Treatment
• Drug Resistance in Cancer: Mechanisms and Strategies for Overcoming Resistance
• Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Anticancer Agents
• Combination Therapies in Oncology: Rationale and Clinical Outcomes
• Oncolytic Viruses: Exploiting Viral Infections for Cancer Treatment
• Cancer Stem Cells: Targeting Tumor Initiation and Progression
• Development of Novel Imaging Agents for Cancer Diagnosis and Monitoring
• Pharmacological Interventions for Cancer-Associated Pain Management

Pharmacology and Immunology

• Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Immunotherapy
• Autoimmune Diseases: Novel Pharmacological Approaches and Therapies
• Immunomodulatory Effects of Drugs: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions
• Role of Pharmacogenomics in Immunomodulatory Drug Therapy
• Immunopharmacology of Allergic Reactions: Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies
• Immunosuppressive Drugs in Transplantation: Balancing Efficacy and Safety
• Targeting Inflammatory Pathways in Autoimmune Disorders
• Immunopharmacological Interventions for Infectious Diseases
• Pharmacological Modulation of Cytokines in Inflammatory Disorders
• Vaccines: Advancements in Development and Delivery

Pharmacovigilance and Drug Safety

• Post-Marketing Surveillance: Detecting and Evaluating Adverse Drug Reactions
• Signal Detection in Pharmacovigilance: Methods and Applications
• Risk Management Strategies in Drug Development and Marketing
• Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers for Predicting Drug Safety
• Pharmacovigilance in Special Populations: Pregnant Women and Pediatrics
• Drug Safety Communication: Enhancing Patient Awareness and Education
• Role of Pharmacovigilance in Drug Regulatory Affairs
• Pharmacovigilance Data Mining: Leveraging Big Data for Drug Safety
• Pharmacovigilance Systems and Reporting Structures
• Pharmacogenetic Testing in Drug Safety Assessment

This comprehensive list of pharmacology research paper topics provides a broad range of ideas and areas to explore within the field of pharmacology. From drug discovery and development to clinical pharmacology, neuropharmacology, and pharmacokinetics, each category offers multiple topics for students to delve into and contribute to the advancement of pharmacological knowledge. Whether you are interested in the impact of pharmacogenomics on drug therapy, exploring novel treatment strategies, or investigating drug safety and pharmacovigilance, there is a wealth of research possibilities awaiting exploration. By selecting a topic of interest and following the expert advice on topic selection and research paper writing, students can embark on an enriching journey of discovery and make meaningful contributions to the field of pharmacology.

Pharmacology: Exploring the Range of Research Paper Topics

Pharmacology is a captivating and dynamic scientific discipline that focuses on the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms. It plays a crucial role in improving human health by advancing our understanding of how medications interact with biological systems. Within the field of pharmacology, there is a vast array of pharmacology research paper topics that offer students an opportunity to delve into various aspects of drug discovery, development, clinical application, and safety. In this article, we will explore the breadth and depth of pharmacology as a scientific field, highlighting the range of research paper topics it encompasses.

Drug Discovery and Development:  One exciting area of pharmacology research is drug discovery and development. This field involves the identification and development of new therapeutic agents to treat a wide range of diseases. Students interested in this area can explore topics such as the exploration of novel drug targets and therapeutic approaches, investigating natural products for drug development, advancements in targeted drug delivery systems, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of new drug entities, and understanding and overcoming drug resistance mechanisms.

Clinical Pharmacology:  Clinical pharmacology focuses on the application of pharmacological principles in the clinical setting. It plays a vital role in optimizing drug therapy and ensuring patient safety. Pharmacology research paper topics in this area may include pharmacogenomics, which explores the relationship between an individual’s genetic makeup and their response to medication. Other topics of interest include the identification, prevention, and management of adverse drug reactions, the design and ethical considerations in clinical trials, pharmacovigilance, and optimizing drug regimens for special populations such as pediatrics, geriatrics, and pregnant women.

Neuropharmacology and Psychopharmacology:  The field of neuropharmacology examines how drugs interact with the central nervous system and influence brain function. Pharmacology research paper topics in this area may involve investigating the mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications of psychotropic drugs, exploring neurotransmitter systems and their role in neurological disorders, pharmacological interventions for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, the psychopharmacology of substance use disorders, and the pharmacological management of mental health disorders.

Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism:  Pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism focus on understanding how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body. Pharmacology research paper topics in this area may include studying drug interactions, such as the mechanisms, predictions, and clinical implications of drug-drug interactions. Other topics of interest include pharmacogenetics and individual variations in drug response, the role of drug transporters in drug disposition, drug metabolism and its impact on drug-drug interactions, and the use of predictive modeling in pharmacokinetics and dosing optimization.

Pharmacology of Infectious Diseases:  The pharmacology of infectious diseases involves studying how drugs can effectively treat and prevent infections. Research topics in this area may include exploring antimicrobial resistance, including its mechanisms, epidemiology, and strategies to combat it. Additionally, students may investigate the development of new antiviral agents, the pharmacological management of bacterial infections, host-pathogen interactions, and the pharmacokinetic considerations in the treatment of infectious diseases.

Cardiovascular Pharmacology:  Cardiovascular pharmacology focuses on understanding the effects of drugs on the cardiovascular system. Research topics in this area may include exploring drug therapy for hypertension and current guidelines for treatment, novel anticoagulants in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders, pharmacological approaches to managing heart failure, drug-induced cardiotoxicity and strategies for prevention, and emerging pharmacotherapies for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.

Pharmacology and Aging:  Pharmacology and aging is a specialized field that investigates how drug therapy can be optimized in older adults. Research topics in this area may include exploring geriatric pharmacotherapy, age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, the impact of polypharmacy on older adults, the recognition and prevention of adverse drug reactions, pharmacological management of age-related neurodegenerative disorders, and strategies for improving medication adherence in the elderly.

The field of pharmacology offers a wide range of exciting research paper topics that span from drug discovery and development to clinical pharmacology, neuropharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and beyond. By exploring these topics, students can contribute to the advancement of pharmacological knowledge and make meaningful contributions to the field. Remember to choose a research topic that aligns with your interests and career aspirations, and be sure to consult with your instructors or mentors for guidance throughout your research journey. With dedication, curiosity, and a passion for improving patient care, you have the opportunity to shape the future of pharmacology research.

How to Choose a Pharmacology Research Topic

Choosing the right research paper topic is crucial for a successful academic journey in pharmacology. It allows you to explore your interests, contribute to the field, and showcase your knowledge and skills. However, with the vast scope of pharmacology, selecting a research topic can be a daunting task. In this section, we will provide you with expert advice on how to choose pharmacology research paper topics that are engaging, relevant, and have the potential for significant contribution.

• Identify Your Interests : Start by identifying your areas of interest within pharmacology. Reflect on the topics that have captivated your attention during your coursework or sparked your curiosity. Consider whether you are more inclined towards drug discovery, clinical applications, pharmacokinetics, neuropharmacology, or any other subfield of pharmacology. This self-reflection will help you narrow down your options and select a topic that resonates with your passion.
• Stay Updated with Current Research : To choose a compelling research topic, it is essential to stay updated with the latest advancements and trends in pharmacology. Follow reputable scientific journals, attend conferences, and engage with the pharmacological community to gain insights into the ongoing research and emerging areas of interest. This will help you identify gaps in the current knowledge and select a topic that offers the potential for novel discoveries or addressing existing challenges.
• Consult with Faculty and Experts : Seek guidance from your faculty members, mentors, or experts in the field of pharmacology. They can provide valuable insights and suggest potential research areas based on their expertise and experience. Discuss your interests, goals, and research aspirations with them, and they can help you refine your research topic, provide relevant literature references, and offer valuable advice on the feasibility and scope of your chosen topic.
• Consider Practicality and Resources : When selecting a research topic, consider the practicality and availability of resources. Assess whether the necessary laboratory facilities, equipment, or access to clinical data are readily accessible to conduct your research. Additionally, consider the time and resources required to complete the research within the given timeframe. Choosing a topic that aligns with the available resources will enhance the feasibility and success of your research endeavor.
• Address Current Challenges or Gaps : Pharmacology is a field that constantly evolves, presenting new challenges and unanswered questions. Consider selecting a research topic that addresses current challenges or explores gaps in the existing knowledge. This could involve investigating the mechanisms of drug resistance, exploring novel drug targets, or optimizing drug regimens for specific patient populations. By tackling these challenges, you can contribute to the advancement of pharmacological science and make a meaningful impact.
• Collaborate with Peers : Consider collaborating with fellow students or researchers who share similar research interests. Collaborative research projects can provide a broader perspective, foster knowledge sharing, and enhance the overall quality of your research. Collaborating with peers also allows you to divide the workload, share resources, and receive feedback and support throughout the research process.
• Seek Ethical Considerations : When selecting a pharmacology research topic, it is essential to consider ethical considerations and adhere to the principles of research ethics. Ensure that your chosen topic respects patient confidentiality, follows the guidelines for the ethical use of animal subjects (if applicable), and aligns with the ethical principles outlined by regulatory bodies. Consulting with your institution’s ethics committee or research advisor can help ensure that your research project meets the required ethical standards.
• Evaluate Feasibility and Novelty : Evaluate the feasibility and novelty of your chosen research topic. Consider whether the research question is answerable within the available resources and time constraints. Additionally, assess whether your topic brings something new to the field, whether it fills a knowledge gap, or offers a fresh perspective on an existing topic. A balance between feasibility and novelty is essential for a successful research paper.
• Consult Literature Reviews : Conduct thorough literature reviews on your chosen topic to gain a comprehensive understanding of the existing research. Literature reviews help you identify gaps in the current knowledge and provide a foundation for your research question. They also enable you to build on previous findings, develop a robust research methodology, and position your research within the context of the broader field of pharmacology.
• Remain Flexible : Lastly, remain flexible throughout the process of choosing a research topic. As you delve deeper into the literature and research process, you may discover new avenues of interest or encounter unexpected challenges. It is essential to remain open to refining or adjusting your research topic based on new insights, emerging data, or feedback from your research advisors. Flexibility allows you to adapt and ensure that your research remains relevant and impactful.

Choosing a pharmacology research paper topic is an exciting and important step in your academic journey. By following expert advice, identifying your interests, staying updated with current research, seeking guidance, considering practicality and resources, addressing current challenges or gaps, collaborating with peers, adhering to ethical considerations, evaluating feasibility and novelty, consulting literature reviews, and remaining flexible, you can select a research topic that is engaging, relevant, and has the potential to contribute to the field of pharmacology. Remember, this is your opportunity to explore, innovate, and make a lasting impact in the dynamic field of pharmacology research.

How to Write a Pharmacology Research Paper

Writing a pharmacology research paper requires careful planning, organization, and attention to detail. It is an opportunity for you to showcase your understanding of the subject matter, critical thinking skills, and ability to communicate scientific information effectively. In this section, we will provide you with expert guidance on how to write a pharmacology research paper that is well-structured, informative, and compelling.

• Choose a Well-Defined Research Question : Start by formulating a clear and well-defined research question. Your research question should be focused, specific, and address a gap in the existing knowledge. Consider the significance of your research question in the context of pharmacology and how it contributes to the overall understanding of the field. A well-defined research question sets the foundation for your entire research paper.
• Conduct a Thorough Literature Review : Before diving into your research, conduct a thorough literature review on the chosen topic. Familiarize yourself with the existing research, theories, and findings related to your research question. This will provide you with a solid understanding of the current state of knowledge and help you identify gaps or areas for further investigation. Additionally, the literature review will inform your research methodology and discussion of results.
• Develop a Clear Structure : A well-structured research paper is essential for effectively conveying your ideas and findings. Begin with an engaging introduction that provides background information, context, and clearly states your research question. Follow with a comprehensive literature review that supports your research question and highlights the gaps in knowledge. Next, present your research methodology, including details on sample selection, data collection, and analysis methods. In the results section, present your findings in a clear and organized manner using tables, graphs, or figures as necessary. Finally, discuss your results, interpret their significance, and relate them back to your research question in the discussion section. Conclude with a concise summary of your findings and their implications.
• Use Reliable and Credible Sources : Ensure that the sources you use for your research paper are reliable, credible, and peer-reviewed. Consult reputable scientific journals, textbooks, and conference proceedings. Avoid relying solely on internet sources or non-scholarly publications. Citations are critical to acknowledge the work of other researchers and to support your claims and arguments. Use a consistent citation style, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago, and follow the guidelines carefully.
• Analyze and Interpret Your Data : If your research involves collecting and analyzing data, ensure that your data analysis is thorough and accurate. Use appropriate statistical methods to analyze your data and present the results in a clear and meaningful way. Interpret the findings in the context of your research question and discuss any limitations or potential sources of bias. Remember to relate your findings back to the existing literature and explain how they contribute to the broader understanding of pharmacology.
• Write Clearly and Concisely : Effective scientific writing is clear, concise, and free of unnecessary jargon. Use language that is precise and straightforward, avoiding ambiguous or vague statements. Clearly articulate your ideas and ensure that your arguments are logical and well-supported by evidence. Use appropriate scientific terminology, but also consider your target audience and strive to communicate your findings in a way that is accessible to readers who may not have expertise in pharmacology.
• Pay Attention to Formatting and Style : Follow the formatting and style guidelines specified by your instructor or the target journal. Pay attention to details such as font size, line spacing, margins, and headings. Use subheadings to organize your content and make it easier for readers to navigate. Adhere to the specific citation style required for your paper and ensure that your references are complete and accurate.
• Revise and Edit : Revision and editing are essential steps in the writing process. Take the time to review your research paper for clarity, coherence, and accuracy. Check for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and punctuation errors. Ensure that your ideas flow logically and that your paper is well-structured. Consider seeking feedback from peers, instructors, or mentors to gain different perspectives and improve the overall quality of your paper.
• Proofread : Before submitting your research paper, thoroughly proofread it to ensure that it is error-free. Check for any typos, inconsistencies, or formatting issues. Read your paper aloud to catch any awkward phrasing or unclear sentences. It can also be helpful to have someone else read your paper to identify any errors or areas that need improvement.
• Ethical Considerations : Ensure that your research paper adheres to ethical considerations. If your research involved human subjects, ensure that you have obtained the necessary approvals and informed consent. Respect patient confidentiality and anonymity when presenting your research findings. Adhere to the ethical guidelines set by your institution or the relevant regulatory bodies.

Writing a pharmacology research paper requires careful planning, thorough research, effective communication, and attention to detail. By following the expert advice provided in this section, you can develop a well-structured and informative research paper that contributes to the field of pharmacology. Remember to choose a well-defined research question, conduct a thorough literature review, use reliable sources, analyze and interpret your data, write clearly and concisely, pay attention to formatting and style, revise and edit your paper, proofread for errors, and ensure ethical considerations are met. With diligence and commitment, your pharmacology research paper has the potential to make a meaningful impact in the field of pharmacology.

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Frontiers | Science News

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Research Topics

Five research topics exploring the science of mental health.

Mental wellbeing is increasingly recognized as an essential aspect of our overall health. It supports our ability to handle challenges, build strong relationships, and live more fulfilling lives. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the importance of mental health by acknowledging it as a fundamental human right.

This Mental Health Awareness Week, we highlight the remarkable work of scientists driving open research that helps everyone achieve better mental health.

Here are five Research Topics that study themes including how we adapt to a changing world, the impact of loneliness on our wellbeing, and the connection between our diet and mental health.

All articles are openly available to view and download.

1 | Community Series in Mental Health Promotion and Protection, volume II

40.300 views | 16 articles

There is no health without mental health. Thus, this Research Topic collects ideas and research related to strategies that promote mental health across all disciplines. The goal is to raise awareness about mental health promotion and protection to ensure its incorporation in national mental health policies.

This topic is of relevance given the mental health crisis being experienced across the world right now. A reality that has prompted the WHO to declare that health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing.

View Research Topic

2 | Dietary and Metabolic Approaches for Mental Health Conditions

176.800 views | 11 articles

There is increased recognition that mental health disorders are, at least in part, a form of diet-related disease. For this reason, we focus attention on a Research Topic that examines the mechanistic interplay between dietary patterns and mental health conditions.

There is a clear consensus that the quality, quantity, and even timing of our human feeding patterns directly impact how brains function. But despite the epidemiological and mechanistic links between mental health and diet-related diseases, these two are often perceived as separate medical issues.

Even more urgent, public health messaging and clinical treatments for mental health conditions place relatively little emphasis on formulating nutrition to ease the underlying drivers of mental health conditions.

3 | Comparing Mental Health Cross-Culturally

94.000 views | 15 articles

Although mental health has been widely discussed in later years, how mental health is perceived across different cultures remains to be examined. This Research Topic addresses this gap and deepens our knowledge of mental health by comparing positive and negative psychological constructs cross-culturally.

The definition and understanding of mental health remain to be refined, partially because of a lack of cross-cultural perspectives on mental health. Also, due to the rapid internationalization taking place in the world today, a culturally aware understanding of, and interventions for mental health problems are essential.

4 | Adaption to Change and Coping Strategies: New Resources for Mental Health

85.000 views | 29 articles

In this Research Topic, scientists study a wider range of variables involved in change and adaptation. They examine changes of any type or magnitude whenever the lack of adaptive response diminishes our development and well-being.

Today’s society is characterized by change, and sometimes, the constant changes are difficult to assimilate. This may be why feelings of frustration and defenselessness appear in the face of the impossibility of responding adequately to the requirements of a changing society.

Therefore, society must develop an updated notion of the processes inherent to changing developmental environments, personal skills, resources, and strategies. This know-how is crucial for achieving and maintaining balanced mental health.

5 | Mental Health Equity

29.900 views | 10 articles

The goal of this Research Topic is to move beyond a synthesis of what is already known about mental health in the context of health equity. Rather, the focus here is on transformative solutions, recommendations, and applied research that have real world implications on policy, practice, and future scholarship.

Attention in the field to upstream factors and the role of social and structural determinants of health in influencing health outcomes, combined with an influx of innovation –particularly the digitalization of healthcare—presents a unique opportunity to solve pressing issues in mental health through a health equity lens.

The topic is opportune because factors such as structural racism and climate change have disproportionately negatively impacted marginalized communities across the world, including Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC), LGBTQ+, people with disabilities, and transition-age youth and young adults. As a result, existing disparities in mental health have exacerbated.

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May 13, 2024

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