paper presentation rules and regulations

10 Rules for Paper Presentation in Conference

Are you gearing up for a conference presentation? If so, then navigating the world of academic conferences can be a daunting task, but fear not, as we unveil the key to a stellar performance: 10 rules for paper presentation in conference.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the essential principles that will not only boost your confidence but also ensure your research leaves a lasting impression. Whether you’re a seasoned presenter or new to the conference scene, these rules are your roadmap to success.

From crafting compelling visuals to mastering the art of engaging your audience, we’ve got you covered. Join us on this journey as we unravel the secrets to delivering a conference presentation that captivates, educates, and inspires.

What Does the Paper Presentation Mean?

Paper presentation is a vital aspect of academic and professional communication. It serves as a means to spread research findings, innovative ideas, and valuable insights to a diverse audience. These conference paper presentations play a crucial role in conference on arts and education by exchanging knowledge and scholarly discourses.

Effective paper presentations require clear articulation of research objectives, methodologies, and results. Engaging visuals, concise messaging, and audience interaction are crucial elements in conveying complex information. Presenters must also navigate challenges such as time constraints, technical issues, and audience questions gracefully to ensure a successful delivery.

Conference paper presentations often serve as a platform to showcase expertise, establish professional networks, and garner feedback for future research endeavors. Whether in an academic setting or an industry conference, mastering the art of paper presentation is a skill that can significantly impact one’s career and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in various fields.

Types of Paper Presentations

Paper presentations come in various formats, each tailored to specific goals and audiences. These diverse types of presentations are vital in academic and professional settings, serving as vehicles for sharing research findings, ideas, and insights. Here’s a brief overview of some common types:

Oral Presentations

Poster Presentations

In this format, presenters use posters to visually represent their research. Poster sessions offer a more informal setting for one-on-one discussions and are common at academic conferences. They provide a chance to showcase research in a concise and visually engaging manner.

Panel Discussions

Panel presentations involve a group of experts discussing a specific topic or issue. Each panelist shares insights, providing multiple perspectives and fostering in-depth exploration of the subject. Panel discussions are valuable for presenting a well-rounded view of complex topics.

Lightning Talks

Lightning talks are brief, typically 5-10 minute presentations designed to provide quick overviews of research projects or ideas. They are concise and often used to introduce a topic or concept swiftly, making them ideal for conveying key points in a short timeframe.

Symposia are organized sessions that bring together multiple presenters to address a broader theme or research area. They usually consist of several related presentations and discussions, offering attendees a comprehensive exploration of the symposium’s overarching topic.

Workshops are interactive sessions where presenters engage the audience in hands-on activities, skill-building exercises, or collaborative problem-solving. They offer a more immersive learning experience, allowing participants to actively engage with the material presented.

Presenting your research at conferences is a vital opportunity, and the ’10 Rules for Paper Presentation in Conference’ can help you excel. These rules cover key aspects to make your presentations more effective and impactful.

1. Know Your Audience

Understanding your audience’s background, interests, and expertise allows you to tailor your presentation to their specific needs. It enables you to choose the most relevant examples, terminology, and delivery style that will resonate with your audience, fostering a deeper connection and engagement.

2. Craft a Clear Message

A well-structured presentation in a conference with a clear message not only helps your audience follow your research effortlessly but also ensures that they leave with a strong understanding of your key findings. Use a logical flow and a narrative structure that guides them from the problem to the solution, making it easy to absorb complex information.

3. Engage with Compelling Visuals

Utilizing compelling visuals, such as charts, graphs, and images, not only enhances comprehension but also keeps your audience engaged and interested. Well-designed visuals can simplify complex concepts and make your presentation more memorable.

4. Practice, Practice, Practice

Thorough rehearsal is essential to boost your confidence, minimize anxiety, and ensure a polished delivery. It allows you to refine your timing, pacing, and transitions, making your presentation smooth and engaging. Practice in front of peers or mentors to receive constructive feedback.

5. Manage Your Time Wisely

Staying within your allotted presentation time is vital to maintain audience interest and accommodate questions and discussions. Allocate time for each section of your presentation, including a buffer for potential delays, to ensure a smooth and controlled delivery.

6. Dress and Act Professionally

Professional attire and confident body language create a positive impression, helping you establish credibility and captivate your audience. Maintain eye contact, use gestures purposefully, and exhibit enthusiasm for your topic.

7. Connect with Your Audience

Engaging with your audience through eye contact, relatable anecdotes, and interactive elements fosters a stronger connection and enhances understanding. Encourage questions and participation to create a dynamic and engaging atmosphere.

8. Handle Questions with Grace

Effective handling of questions, whether expected or unexpected, demonstrates your expertise and keeps the audience engaged. Be polite, concise, and confident in your responses, and use questions as an opportunity to further emphasize your key points.

9. Rehearse the Q&A Session

Preparation for the Q&A segment is essential. Anticipate potential questions and practice your responses to ensure a smooth and informative discussion. Prepare concise and insightful answers that provide added value to your presentation.

10. Seek Feedback and Continuous Improvement

Gathering feedback from peers and mentors is essential for refining your presentation skills. Act on constructive criticism to improve your future presentations, ensuring that each one is better than the last and aligns more closely with your goals and audience expectations.

With these 10 rules, you can confidently navigate the world of conference presentations, captivate your audience, and make a significant impact with your research.

Why Is Paper Presentation Important at A Conference?

They serve as a vital medium for knowledge dissemination, allowing researchers to share their findings, insights, and innovations with a diverse and knowledgeable audience. This dissemination fosters the exchange of ideas and facilitates collaboration, potentially leading to advancements in various fields of study.

Paper presentations offer a platform for constructive critique and feedback, enabling presenters to refine their research and ideas. Engaging with fellow experts and peers during the Q&A sessions and discussions promotes critical thinking and enhances the quality of research work.

Conference paper presentations contribute significantly to one’s professional development. They provide opportunities to showcase expertise, gain recognition, and establish a presence in a particular field. Additionally, the networking opportunities that conferences offer can lead to valuable collaborations and career-enhancing connections.

The importance of paper presentations at conferences lies in their role as a conduit for the dissemination of knowledge, a forum for constructive engagement, and a catalyst for professional growth and recognition within the academic and professional communities.

Bottom Line

The ’10 Rules for Paper Presentation in Conference’ offer essential guidance for successful presentations. These rules help you connect with your audience, communicate your research effectively, and leave a lasting impression. Whether you’re a seasoned presenter or new to conferences, these rules serve as valuable tools for success.

Paper presentations are key in sharing knowledge, receiving feedback, and building your professional network. They bridge the gap between researchers and their audience, fostering collaboration and idea exchange.

So, as you prepare for your next conference, keep these rules in mind. They will empower you to deliver impactful presentations, connect with your audience, and make a meaningful contribution to your field.

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College of Arts & Sciences

Guidelines for Paper Presentations

Click HERE for a printable version.

Organizing Your Presentation

• Given the limited time available, it is best to focus your presentation on a single main point which is clearly stated at the beginning and the end of your presentation, and which is the focus of everything that comes in between.
• It is easiest for the audience to follow a paper that is spoken rather than read aloud from a written text, but most presenters prefer to read a prepared text. In preparing your text, take into account that your audience will be listening rather than reading. This means, for example, writing syntactically simple sentences and avoiding complex sentence structure, and also including repetition of important points, since listeners’ minds will occasionally wander.
• The paper you present is the paper people will hear. Don’t read from a longer paper, flipping pages while saying things like “I’ll have to skip this part.” A benefit of reading a prepared text is that you can time yourself in practice sessions; be sure to do that, so you don’t have to cut sections on the fly.

A possible organizational structure is as follows:

• Begin by summarizing very briefly the existing research in the area you will be addressing, with specific reference to key articles or books.
• Then briefly state how you will address this area, e.g. by filling in a gap in prior research or by expanding it to a new type of data. This statement will include a brief account of what you did (including a description of your data) and what you found.
• Then repeat how these findings add to the literature. All of the above may well be accomplished in a single page (perhaps 250 words). It is a microcosm of your paper, which gives the audience a sense of where you will take them.
• Then back up and present your data and method in more detail.
• Then give key examples to illustrate what you did and what you found. Include only as many examples, or as much data, as you have time to discuss fully. This will constitute the bulk of your presentation.
• Then conclude by repeating, in a single paragraph, what you did, what you found, and how those findings contribute to the literature.

Effective Use of Powerpoint (or other presentation tools)

• Powerpoint slides allow the audience to see your examples and to focus on your main points. Do not simply put your paper onto slides and read them aloud. Slides are most effective to present examples of data or of charts, graphs or tables. You may also use a slide to present an important quote.
• When preparing your powerpoint slides, remember that font on slides should be LARGE, clear, and visible. Regular text should be no smaller than 24 font, though headings will be larger.
• Keep in mind that it usually takes 1-2 minutes to go through a slide. A good rule of thumb for a 20 min presentation is to use no more than 15 slides.
• When presenting your slides, be sure to read aloud (if it’s words), or clearly explain (if it’s a chart or table), all the material that is on the slide. Otherwise, the audience must choose between listening to you and reading your slide; they can’t do both at once. Only by reading aloud what is on the slide can you make sure that you know where your audience’s attention is. Make sure to give them enough time to focus on each slide, and to register what it is meant to illustrate. Audience members become very frustrated when slides appear and disappear before they have had a chance to absorb their import.
• Never tell the audience to read your slides on their own. People read at very different paces, so some will finish and be bored, while others will still be reading when you begin to speak. This is another reason why it is crucial to read aloud the material on the slide.
• Also, using powerpoint (or any other a-v equipment) effectively means ensuring that your presentation will run smoothly well before your session. Make sure to show up early for your session and test your slides in advance. If you lose five minutes fiddling with your slides or laptop, you will not be able to present your paper in its entirety.

Tips For Effective Reading

• If you prefer to read your presentation, remember that it takes about 2 minutes to read aloud a double spaced page of text. A good rule of thumb for a 20 min presentation is to use no more than 10 double-spaced pages.
• Be sure to read slowly; the audience is hearing for the first time material that is familiar to you. They need time to absorb what you’re saying.
• Look up and meet audience members’ eyes as often as possible. Don’t keep your face buried in your paper or glued to the powerpoint screen.
• If your data are in a language other than English, you may read one or two examples in that language to give a sense of how it sounds, but time will be used more effectively if you read only the English after that.
• Give material in the order that it is needed. Avoid saying “I’ll get to this later.”
• Present only as many examples as you can present and explain fully. Even though it is frustrating for you to show only a few of the many wonderful examples you have, if you gallop through multiple examples without fully explaining them the audience will not have benefited from any of them.
• Stay aware of the time, either by glancing at a watch or clock, or by keeping the official timekeeper in your view. Stop when the time is up.
• Make sure your ending sounds like an ending, so the audience will reward you by clapping at the right time. If nothing else, you can show you’re done by saying “Thank you.”
• The question period can be the most interesting part of your presentation. Everyone perks up at this time; those who were dozing because they are sleep-deprived usually awaken. If you want to be sure to get questions, you could arrange with a friend to prepare questions for each other’s papers.
• Try to stay cool and courteous. Questions that sound challenging need not be taken in that spirit. Instead you can say things like “Thank you for bringing that up,” or “That’s an interesting perspective.” Sometimes you can turn them around to give you an opportunity to say something you weren’t able to include in your paper.
• It is also acceptable to say “I’ll have to think about that” or even flat-out “I don’t know the answer to that.”
• If an audience member becomes persistent and continues to hammer after you have answered, you can shut them off by saying “I’d like to give others a chance to ask a question.” Here too it is handy to have a friend ready with a friendly question.

Adapted by Deborah Tannen from guidelines that appear on the LSA website: http://www.lsadc.org/info/lsa-res-guide.cfm

© 2010 GURT 2011 | Organized by Deborah Tannen & Anna Trester

Conference Papers

What this handout is about.

This handout outlines strategies for writing and presenting papers for academic conferences.

What’s special about conference papers?

Conference papers can be an effective way to try out new ideas, introduce your work to colleagues, and hone your research questions. Presenting at a conference is a great opportunity for gaining valuable feedback from a community of scholars and for increasing your professional stature in your field.

A conference paper is often both a written document and an oral presentation. You may be asked to submit a copy of your paper to a commentator before you present at the conference. Thus, your paper should follow the conventions for academic papers and oral presentations.

Preparing to write your conference paper

There are several factors to consider as you get started on your conference paper.

Determine the structure and style

How will you structure your presentation? This is an important question, because your presentation format will shape your written document. Some possibilities for your session include:

• A visual presentation, including software such as PowerPoint or Prezi
• A paper that you read aloud
• A roundtable discussion

Presentations can be a combination of these styles. For example, you might read a paper aloud while displaying images. Following your paper, you might participate in an informal conversation with your fellow presenters.

You will also need to know how long your paper should be. Presentations are usually 15-20 minutes. A general rule of thumb is that one double-spaced page takes 2-2.5 minutes to read out loud. Thus an 8-10 page, double-spaced paper is often a good fit for a 15-20 minute presentation. Adhere to the time limit.  Make sure that your written paper conforms to the presentation constraints.

Consider the conventions of the conference and the structure of your session

It is important to meet the expectations of your conference audience. Have you been to an academic conference previously?  How were presentations structured? What kinds of presentations did you find most effective? What do you know about the particular conference you are planning to attend? Some professional organizations have their own rules and suggestions for writing and presenting for their conferences. Make sure to find out what they are and stick to them.

If you proposed a panel with other scholars, then you should already have a good idea of your panel’s expectations. However, if you submitted your paper individually and the conference organizers placed it on a panel with other papers, you will need additional information.

Will there be a commentator? Commentators, also called respondents or discussants, can be great additions to panels, since their job is to pull the papers together and pose questions. If there will be a commentator, be sure to know when they would like to have a copy of your paper. Observe this deadline.

You may also want to find out what your fellow presenters will be talking about. Will you circulate your papers among the other panelists prior to the conference? Will your papers address common themes? Will you discuss intersections with each other’s work after your individual presentations? How collaborative do you want your panel to be?

Analyze your audience

Knowing your audience is critical for any writing assignment, but conference papers are special because you will be physically interacting with them. Take a look at our handout on audience . Anticipating the needs of your listeners will help you write a conference paper that connects your specific research to their broader concerns in a compelling way.

What are the concerns of the conference?

You can identify these by revisiting the call for proposals and reviewing the mission statement or theme of the conference. What key words or concepts are repeated? How does your work relate to these larger research questions? If you choose to orient your paper toward one of these themes, make sure there is a genuine relationship. Superficial use of key terms can weaken your paper.

What are the primary concerns of the field?

How do you bridge the gap between your research and your field’s broader concerns? Finding these linkages is part of the brainstorming process. See our handout on brainstorming . If you are presenting at a conference that is within your primary field, you should be familiar with leading concerns and questions. If you will be attending an interdisciplinary conference or a conference outside of your field, or if you simply need to refresh your knowledge of what’s current in your discipline, you can:

• Read recently published journals and books, including recent publications by the conference’s featured speakers
• Talk to people who have been to the conference
• Pay attention to questions about theory and method. What questions come up in the literature? What foundational texts should you be familiar with?
• Review the initial research questions that inspired your project. Think about the big questions in the secondary literature of your field.
• Try a free-writing exercise. Imagine that you are explaining your project to someone who is in your department, but is unfamiliar with your specific topic. What can you assume they already know? Where will you need to start in your explanation? How will you establish common ground?

Contextualizing your narrow research question within larger trends in the field will help you connect with your audience.  You might be really excited about a previously unknown nineteenth-century poet. But will your topic engage others?  You don’t want people to leave your presentation, thinking, “What was the point of that?” By carefully analyzing your audience and considering the concerns of the conference and the field, you can present a paper that will have your listeners thinking, “Wow! Why haven’t I heard about that obscure poet before? She is really important for understanding developments in Romantic poetry in the 1800s!”

Writing your conference paper

I have a really great research paper/manuscript/dissertation chapter on this same topic. Should I cut and paste?

Be careful here. Time constraints and the needs of your audience may require a tightly focused and limited message. To create a paper tailored to the conference, you might want to set everything aside and create a brand new document.  Don’t worry—you will still have that paper, manuscript, or chapter if you need it. But you will also benefit from taking a fresh look at your research.

Citing sources

Since your conference paper will be part of an oral presentation, there are special considerations for citations. You should observe the conventions of your discipline with regard to including citations in your written paper. However, you will also need to incorporate verbal cues to set your evidence and quotations off from your text when presenting. For example, you can say: “As Nietzsche said, quote, ‘And if you gaze for long into an abyss, the abyss also gazes into you,’ end quote.” If you use multiple quotations in your paper, think about omitting the terms “quote” and “end quote,” as these can become repetitive. Instead, signal quotations through the inflection of your voice or with strategic pauses.

Organizing the paper

There are numerous ways to effectively organize your conference paper, but remember to have a focused message that fits the time constraints and meets the needs of your audience. You can begin by connecting your research to the audience’s concerns, then share a few examples/case studies from your research, and then, in conclusion, broaden the discussion back out to general issues in the field.

Don’t overwhelm or confuse your audience

You should limit the information that you present. Don’t attempt to summarize your entire dissertation in 10 pages. Instead, try selecting main points and provide examples to support those points. Alternatively, you might focus on one main idea or case study and use 2-4 examples to explain it.

Check for clarity in the text

One way to anticipate how your ideas will sound is to read your paper out loud. Reading out loud is an excellent proofreading technique and is a great way to check the clarity of your ideas; you are likely to hear problems that you didn’t notice in just scanning your draft.  Help listeners understand your ideas by making sure that subjects and verbs are clear and by avoiding unnecessarily complex sentences.

Include verbal cues in the text

Make liberal use of transitional phrases like however, therefore, and thus, as well as signpost words like first, next, etc.

If you have 5 main points, say so at the beginning and list those 5 ideas. Refer back to this structure frequently as you transition between sections (“Now, I will discuss my fourth point, the importance of plasma”).

Use a phrase like “I argue” to announce your thesis statement. Be sure that there is only one of these phrases—otherwise your audience will be confused about your central message.

Refer back to the structure, and signal moments where you are transitioning to a new topic: “I just talked about x, now I’m going to talk about y.”

I’ve written my conference paper, now what?

Now that you’ve drafted your conference paper, it’s time for the most important part—delivering it before an audience of scholars in your field!  Remember that writing the paper is only one half of what a conference paper entails. It is both a written text and a presentation.

With preparation, your presentation will be a success. Here are a few tips for an effective presentation. You can also see our handout on speeches .

Cues to yourself

Include helpful hints in your personal copy of the paper. You can remind yourself to pause, look up and make eye contact with your audience, or employ body language to enhance your message. If you are using a slideshow, you can indicate when to change slides. Increasing the font size to 14-16 pt. can make your paper easier to read.

Practice, practice, practice

When you practice, time yourself. Are you reading too fast? Are you enunciating clearly? Do you know how to pronounce all of the words in your paper? Record your talk and critically listen to yourself. Practice in front of friends and colleagues.

If you are using technology, familiarize yourself with it. Check and double-check your images. Remember, they are part of your presentation and should be proofread just like your paper.  Print a backup copy of your images and paper, and bring copies of your materials in multiple formats, just in case.  Be sure to check with the conference organizers about available technology.

Professionalism

The written text is only one aspect of the overall conference paper. The other is your presentation. This means that your audience will evaluate both your work and you! So remember to convey the appropriate level of professionalism.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Adler, Abby. 2010. “Talking the Talk: Tips on Giving a Successful Conference Presentation.” Psychological Science Agenda 24 (4).

Kerber, Linda K. 2008. “Conference Rules: How to Present a Scholarly Paper.” The Chronicle of Higher Education , March 21, 2008. https://www.chronicle.com/article/Conference-Rules-How-to/45734 .

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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• Poster Presentation Guidelines

Poster presentations offer researchers and scholars a unique opportunity to disseminate the findings of their work. While formal paper presentations involve verbal sharing with large groups, poster presentations rely on visual impact to communicate with viewers on a more informal, individual basis.

You will be assigned space to display your poster. To assure consistency in presentation format, your poster must be assembled on either a 30” x 40” or 36” x 48” poster presentation board, available at the Valpo bookstore, office supply stores, or craft stores. Posters may also be printed on a large-scale printer. Suggested dimensions that work well for printed posters are 24″ x 36″, 36″ x 44″, or 36″ x 48″ in either portrait or landscape. Once you know the size and configuration of the display, you can begin planning your presentation.

Planning a poster presentation can be fun and allows you a great deal of creativity and ingenuity. The poster display consists of the title and other sections related to your project, and posters include both text and graphics. Text refers to information presented as reading material in a narrative format. Graphics refers to anything that is not text, which may include charts, graphs, tables, illustrations, photos, and/or other artwork. Consider what combination of text and graphics you wish to use to highlight key points and add variety to your poster.

One of the most difficult decisions for your poster concerns what specific information to include from your research project.

• Consider the questions of Why, Who, What, When, Where, How, and So What to help you make decisions about what to include. Outline your project to identify key ideas.
• Provide an organizing format by dividing the content of your project into purposeful sections with headings. Most scholarly presentations include sections labeled as Introduction or Problem, Methods or Methodology, Results, Discussion, Conclusions, Acknowledgments, and Literature Cited. Other components such as Review of Literature or Theoretical Framework may also be appropriate. Your name and department/college should be included in the title display.
• Balance clarity with brevity. The content must be sufficient to explain the project but readable and concise enough to fit on the poster legibly. Too much information on a poster discourages viewing.
• Aim for self-containment. Plan a poster that can stand alone with no additional explanation required. Viewers should ask you to elaborate on your project, not explain it.
• Plan to have copies of your abstract available for distribution to interested viewers.

A high-quality poster presentation should meet the three criteria of readability, visual appeal, and logically organized content.

• Readability: Your materials should be readable from a distance of 4 to 6 feet. Use large print; close, compact text discourages readability. The entire poster should be comprehensible in less than five minutes, so more than three or four minutes of reading material may overwhelm the viewer. Headings for sections should stand out from the text to provide an important visual guide through the poster’s content. The title should be prominently displayed at the top of the poster, highly visible and dominant, to catch the viewer’s attention. Print the title in large enough type so viewers can read it easily at a distance of 5 to 10 feet.
• Visual appeal: Your creativity is an important element of visual appeal. Plan an innovative design to provide the visual appeal that is critical to attracting the viewer’s attention. Use color combinations and the arrangement of white space and borders around sections to provide contrast, visual interest, and a strong impact. However, overuse of color can detract from the message and overwhelm the viewer. Keep the design simple; avoid design distractions that cause confusion and clutter.
• Logically organized content: Understanding the content of the poster is the main concern for the viewer. Impressive visual appeal cannot compensate for content that lacks clarity and accuracy. Arrange materials logically and systematically. Design a layout of both text and graphics that helps the viewer grasp your project’s main message quickly and correctly. Ask a friend to review a rough draft before you create your final copy. Elicit specific feedback to determine if your selection and arrangement of content have captured the essence of your project.
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PowerPoint Tips  - Simple Rules for Better PowerPoint Presentations

Powerpoint tips  -, simple rules for better powerpoint presentations, powerpoint tips simple rules for better powerpoint presentations.

PowerPoint Tips: Simple Rules for Better PowerPoint Presentations

Lesson 17: simple rules for better powerpoint presentations.

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Simple rules for better PowerPoint presentations

Have you ever given a PowerPoint presentation and noticed that something about it just seemed a little … off? If you’re unfamiliar with basic PowerPoint design principles, it can be difficult to create a slide show that presents your information in the best light.

Poorly designed presentations can leave an audience feeling confused, bored, and even irritated. Review these tips to make your next presentation more engaging.

Don't read your presentation straight from the slides

If your audience can both read and hear, it’s a waste of time for you to simply read your slides aloud. Your audience will zone out and stop listening to what you’re saying, which means they won’t hear any extra information you include.

Instead of typing out your entire presentation, include only main ideas, keywords, and talking points in your slide show text. Engage your audience by sharing the details out loud.

Follow the 5/5/5 rule

To keep your audience from feeling overwhelmed, you should keep the text on each slide short and to the point. Some experts suggest using the 5/5/5 rule : no more than five words per line of text, five lines of text per slide, or five text-heavy slides in a row.

Don't forget your audience

Who will be watching your presentation? The same goofy effects and funny clip art that would entertain a classroom full of middle-school students might make you look unprofessional in front of business colleagues and clients.

Humor can lighten up a presentation, but if you use it inappropriately your audience might think you don’t know what you’re doing. Know your audience, and tailor your presentation to their tastes and expectations.

Choose readable colors and fonts

Your text should be easy to read and pleasant to look at. Large, simple fonts and theme colors are always your best bet. The best fonts and colors can vary depending on your presentation setting. Presenting in a large room? Make your text larger than usual so people in the back can read it. Presenting with the lights on? Dark text on a light background is your best bet for visibility.

Don't overload your presentation with animations

As anyone who’s sat through a presentation while every letter of every paragraph zoomed across the screen can tell you, being inundated with complicated animations and exciting slide transitions can become irritating.

Before including effects like this in your presentation, ask yourself: Would this moment in the presentation be equally strong without an added effect? Does it unnecessarily delay information? If the answer to either question is yes—or even maybe—leave out the effect.

Use animations sparingly to enhance your presentation

Don’t take the last tip to mean you should avoid animations and other effects entirely. When used sparingly, subtle effects and animations can add to your presentation. For example, having bullet points appear as you address them rather than before can help keep your audience’s attention.

Keep these tips in mind the next time you create a presentation—your audience will thank you. For more detailed information on creating a PowerPoint presentation, visit our Office tutorials .

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How to present a paper at symposiums and academic conferences

Paper presentation is one of the important events at symposiums and academic conferences. Did your paper get selected for academic conference? Do you want to know how to present a paper effectively? Follow this article and get more ideas on how to present a paper effectively at symposiums and academic conference.

• Introduction

How to present a paper effectively

Read the paper presentation rules, organize the key ideas, structure the talk.

• Explanation of the core content
• Demonstration of the work
• Results of the work
• Comparison of the work with reference papers or related work

Create PowerPoint Presentation and other supporting materials

Prepare a talk, rehearse the talk, stick to the time limits, reach the venue earlier, break the nervousness, deliver the presentation effectively, encourage questions from the audience.

A very good article and author has given many tips to make a presentation successful in the symposiums and seminars. Nowadays the time allotted for papers for presentation is coming down due to many papers and paucity of time. So it is becoming a quick presentation than a detailed presentation. So one should make their presentation more powerful by making less number of slides highlighting the important points and explaining them as short as possible. A paper getting accepted for a seminar is easy when compared to getting published in a journal. So many papers will be coming to these seminars and time will be reduced. Another important factor is your presentation should be in such a way that it will reach the audience very easily. What I mean is the level of your presentation should be of matching wavelengths of the audience. Then the gathering can appreciate your work. Good work by the author in this article.

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How to Prepare for a Paper Presentation at an Academic Conference

 In my previous post, I laid out a timeline for choosing an academic conference.  This post will lay out four steps to help you successfully prepare for a paper presentation at an academic conference.

Pay attention to the deadline for proposals . 

Your proposal outlines the paper you are going to write, not a paper you have written . You may treat your proposal as a commitment device to “force” you to write the paper, but the final paper may well differ from your original intention.

The Claremont Graduate University Writing Center offers some good examples of proposals here .

Write a winning abstract to get your paper accepted into the conference. 

Abstracts are an afterthought to many graduate students, but they are the what the reviewer looks at first. To get your paper accepted to a conference, you’ll need to write an abstract of 200 to 500 words .

The emphasis should be on brevity and clarity. It should tell the reader what your paper is about, why the reader should be interested, and why the paper should be accepted.

Additionally, it should:

• Specify your thesis
• Identify your paper fills a gap in the current literature.
• Outline what you actually do in the paper.
• Point out your original contribution.
• Include a concluding sentence.

Academic Conferences and Publishing International offers some additional advice on writing a conference abstract  as you prepare for your paper presentation at an academic conference.

Pay attention to your presentation itself.

In order to convey excitement about your paper, you need to think about your presentation as well as the findings you are communicating.

Note the conference time limit and stick to it. Practice while timing yourself, and do it in front of a mirror. I also recommend practicing in front of your peers; organizing a departmental brown bag lunch could be a great way to do this. As you are preparing, keep in mind that reading from notes is better than reading directly from your paper.

Once you arrive at the conference, check the location of the room as soon as you can before the event. Arrive early to make sure any audiovisual equipment you plan to use is working, and be ready to present without it in case it is not.

Always stand when giving your paper presentation at an academic conference. Begin by stating your name and institution. Establish eye contact across the room, and speak slowly and clearly to your audience. Explain the structure of your presentation. End with your contribution to your discipline. Finally, be polite (not defensive) when engaging in discussion and answering questions about your research.

By focusing on (a) making sure your work contributes something to your field (b) adhering to deadlines and convincing conference organizers that your paper is worth presenting and (c) creating a compelling presentation that aptly highlights the content of your research, you’ll make the most of your time at the conference.

Nigel Ashford

Previous post should i get a phd 5 questions to ask yourself before you decide, next post how to choose and prepare for academic conferences as a graduate student.

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• v.10(1); 2014 Jan

Ten Simple Rules for Writing Research Papers

Weixiong zhang.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

The importance of writing well can never be overstated for a successful professional career, and the ability to write solid papers is an essential trait of a productive researcher. Writing and publishing a paper has its own life cycle; properly following a course of action and avoiding missteps can be vital to the overall success not only of a paper but of the underlying research as well. Here, we offer ten simple rules for writing and publishing research papers.

As a caveat, this essay is not about the mechanics of composing a paper, much of which has been covered elsewhere, e.g., [1] , [2] . Rather, it is about the principles and attitude that can help guide the process of writing in particular and research in general. In this regard, some of the discussion will complement, extend, and refine some advice given in early articles of this Ten Simple Rules series of PLOS Computational Biology [3] – [8] .

Rule 1: Make It a Driving Force

Never separate writing a paper from the underlying research. After all, writing and research are integral parts of the overall enterprise. Therefore, design a project with an ultimate paper firmly in mind. Include an outline of the paper in the initial project design documents to help form the research objectives, determine the logical flow of the experiments, and organize the materials and data to be used. Furthermore, use writing as a tool to reassess the overall project, reevaluate the logic of the experiments, and examine the validity of the results during the research. As a result, the overall research may need to be adjusted, the project design may be revised, new methods may be devised, and new data may be collected. The process of research and writing may be repeated if necessary.

Rule 2: Less Is More

It is often the case that more than one hypothesis or objective may be tackled in one project. It is also not uncommon that the data and results gathered for one objective can serve additional purposes. A decision on having one or more papers needs to be made, and the decision will be affected by various factors. Regardless of the validity of these factors, the overriding consideration must be the potential impact that the paper may have on the research subject and field. Therefore, the significance, completeness, and coherence of the results presented as a whole should be the principal guide for selecting the story to tell, the hypothesis to focus upon, and materials to include in the paper, as well as the yardstick for measuring the quality of the paper. By this metric, less is more , i.e., fewer but more significant papers serve both the research community and one's career better than more papers of less significance.

Rule 3: Pick the Right Audience

Deciding on an angle of the story to focus upon is the next hurdle to jump at the initial stage of the writing. The results from a computational study of a biological problem can often be presented to biologists, computational scientists, or both; deciding what story to tell and from what angle to pitch the main idea is important. This issue translates to choosing a target audience, as well as an appropriate journal, to cast the main messages to. This is critical for determining the organization of the paper and the level of detail of the story, so as to write the paper with the audience in mind. Indeed, writing a paper for biologists in general is different from writing for specialists in computational biology.

Rule 4: Be Logical

The foundation of “lively” writing for smooth reading is a sound and clear logic underlying the story of the paper. Although experiments may be carried out independently, the result from one experiment may form premises and/or provide supporting data for the next experiment. The experiments and results, therefore, must be presented in a logical order. In order to make the writing an easy process to follow, this logical flow should be determined before any other writing strategy or tactic is exercised. This logical order can also help you avoid discussing the same issue or presenting the same argument in multiple places in the paper, which may dilute the readers' attention.

An effective tactic to help develop a sound logical flow is to imaginatively create a set of figures and tables, which will ultimately be developed from experimental results, and order them in a logical way based on the information flow through the experiments. In other words, the figures and tables alone can tell the story without consulting additional material. If all or some of these figures and tables are included in the final manuscript, make every effort to make them self-contained (see Rule 5 below), a favorable feature for the paper to have. In addition, these figures and tables, as well as the threading logical flow, may be used to direct or organize research activities, reinforcing Rule 1.

Rule 5: Be Thorough and Make It Complete

Completeness is a cornerstone for a research paper, following Rule 2. This cornerstone needs to be set in both content and presentation. First, important and relevant aspects of a hypothesis pursued in the research should be discussed with detailed supporting data. If the page limit is an issue, focus on one or two main aspects with sufficient details in the main text and leave the rest to online supporting materials. As a reminder, be sure to keep the details of all experiments (e.g., parameters of the experiments and versions of software) for revision, post-publication correspondence, or importantly, reproducibility of the results. Second, don't simply state what results are presented in figures and tables, which makes the writing repetitive because they are self-contained (see below), but rather, interpret them with insights to the underlying story to be told (typically in the results section) and discuss their implication (typically in the discussion section).

Third, make the whole paper self-contained. Introduce an adequate amount of background and introductory material for the right audience (following Rule 3). A statistical test, e.g., hypergeometric tests for enrichment of a subset of objects, may be obvious to statisticians or computational biologists but may be foreign to others, so providing a sufficient amount of background is the key for delivery of the material. When an uncommon term is used, give a definition besides a reference to it. Fourth, try to avoid “making your readers do the arithmetic” [9] , i.e., be clear enough so that the readers don't have to make any inference from the presented data. If such results need to be discussed, make them explicit even though they may be readily derived from other data. Fifth, figures and tables are essential components of a paper, each of which must be included for a good reason; make each of them self-contained with all required information clearly specified in the legend to guide interpretation of the data presented.

Rule 6: Be Concise

This is a caveat to Rule 5 and is singled out to emphasize its importance. Being thorough is not a license to writing that is unnecessarily descriptive, repetitive, or lengthy. Rather, on the contrary, “simplicity is the ultimate sophistication” [10] . Overly elaborate writing is distracting and boring and places a burden on the readers. In contrast, the delivery of a message is more rigorous if the writing is precise and concise. One excellent example is Watson and Crick's Nobel-Prize-winning paper on the DNA double helix structure [11] —it is only two pages long!

Rule 7: Be Artistic

A complete draft of a paper requires a lot of work, so it pays to go the extra mile to polish it to facilitate enjoyable reading. A paper presented as a piece of art will give referees a positive initial impression of your passion toward the research and the quality of the work, which will work in your favor in the reviewing process. Therefore, concentrate on spelling, grammar, usage, and a “lively” writing style that avoids successions of simple, boring, declarative sentences. Have an authoritative dictionary with a thesaurus and a style manual, e.g., [1] , handy and use them relentlessly. Also pay attention to small details in presentation, such as paragraph indentation, page margins, and fonts. If you are not a native speaker of the language the paper is written in, make sure to have a native speaker go over the final draft to ensure correctness and accuracy of the language used.

Rule 8: Be Your Own Judge

A complete manuscript typically requires many rounds of revision. Taking a correct attitude during revision is critical to the resolution of most problems in the writing. Be objective and honest about your work and do not exaggerate or belittle the significance of the results and the elegance of the methods developed. After working long and hard, you are an expert on the problem you studied, and you are the best referee of your own work, after all . Therefore, inspect the research and the paper in the context of the state of the art.

When revising a draft, purge yourself out of the picture and leave your passion for your work aside. To be concrete, put yourself completely in the shoes of a referee and scrutinize all the pieces—the significance of the work, the logic of the story, the correctness of the results and conclusions, the organization of the paper, and the presentation of the materials. In practice, you may put a draft aside for a day or two—try to forget about it completely—and then come back to it fresh, consider it as if it were someone else's writing, and read it through while trying to poke holes in the story and writing. In this process, extract the meaning literally from the language as written and do not try to use your own view to interpret or extrapolate from what was written. Don't be afraid to throw away pieces of your writing and start over from scratch if they do not pass this “not-yourself” test. This can be painful, but the final manuscript will be more logically sound and better organized.

Rule 9: Test the Water in Your Own Backyard

It is wise to anticipate the possible questions and critiques the referees may raise and preemptively address their concerns before submission. To do so, collect feedback and critiques from others, e.g., colleagues and collaborators. Discuss your work with them and get their opinions, suggestions, and comments. A talk at a lab meeting or a departmental seminar will also help rectify potential issues that need to be addressed. If you are a graduate student, running the paper and results through the thesis committee may be effective to iron out possible problems.

Rule 10: Build a Virtual Team of Collaborators

When a submission is rejected or poorly reviewed, don't be offended and don't take it personally. Be aware that the referees spent their time on the paper, which they might have otherwise devoted to their own research, so they are doing you a favor and helping you shape the paper to be more accessible to the targeted audience. Therefore, consider the referees as your collaborators and treat the reviews with respect. This attitude can improve the quality of your paper and research.

Read and examine the reviews objectively—the principles set in Rule 8 apply here as well. Often a criticism was raised because one of the aspects of a hypothesis was not adequately studied, or an important result from previous research was not mentioned or not consistent with yours. If a critique is about the robustness of a method used or the validity of a result, often the research needs to be redone or more data need to be collected. If you believe the referee has misunderstood a particular point, check the writing. It is often the case that improper wording or presentation misled the referee. If that's the case, revise the writing thoroughly. Don't argue without supporting data. Don't submit the paper elsewhere without additional work. This can only temporally mitigate the issue, you will not be happy with the paper in the long run, and this may hurt your reputation.

Finally, keep in mind that writing is personal, and it takes a lot of practice to find one's style. What works and what does not work vary from person to person. Undoubtedly, dedicated practice will help produce stronger papers with long-lasting impact.

Acknowledgments

Thanks to Sharlee Climer, Richard Korf, and Kevin Zhang for critical reading of the manuscript.

Funding Statement

The author received no specific funding for this article.

6 important guidelines for paper presentation conference 2023

Imagine standing on a stage in front of a large audience of distinguished academics, researchers, and industry professionals, presenting your latest research findings at a major international conference. You have prepared for months, meticulously researched your topic, and put together a compelling presentation. All eyes are on you as you begin to speak, and you can feel the weight of their expectations on your shoulders. Will you be able to captivate your audience, convey your ideas clearly, and answer their questions with confidence? The truth is, delivering paper presentations at major international conferences can be a daunting task, but it’s also an opportunity to showcase your research, gain valuable feedback, and make connections with experts in your field. In this blog, we’ll go over the key strategies and best practices for being successful at delivering paper presentations at major international conferences. From crafting a compelling message and designing an effective presentation to mastering your delivery and handling questions from the audience, we will cover everything you need to know to deliver a winning presentation that leaves a lasting impact on your audience.

• Guideline #1

Identifying A Worthy Conference To Pre

• Choosing the best upcoming international conference to present at is an important step in the research process. 
• Attending a conference allows you to connect with fellow researchers, learn about the latest research in your field, and share your own research with a wider audience. 
• However, with so many international conferences to pick from, it can be challenging to identify which one is right for you. 
• Here are some key steps to follow when identifying the best international conference to present your research paper at.
• What are the key areas of research that you are interested in?
• What are the latest trends and developments in your field?
• Knowing the answers to these questions can assist in identifying conferences that are most relevant to your research.
• A literature review can help you identify the best international conference with Scopus publication in your field. 
• Look for papers published in reputable journals or conferences and see where they were presented. 
• This will equip you with an idea of the most important conferences in your field.
• Once you have identified a few potential conferences, check the schedule to see if they cover the topics you are interested in. 
• Look at the keynote speakers and session topics to get a sense of the conference’s focus.
• Are there any travel restrictions or visa requirements that you need to be aware of? 
• Are there any cultural or language barriers that you need to take into account? 
• Consider these factors when selecting a conference.
• Many conferences offer funding opportunities for attendees, such as travel grants or discounted registration fees. 
• Look for conferences that offer these opportunities and apply for them as early as possible.
• The reputation of the conference is an important factor to consider. 
• Look for conferences that are well-established and have a good reputation in your field. 
• Check the conference’s website, read reviews and feedback from past attendees, and ask colleagues for recommendations.
• The audience of the conference can also be an important factor to consider. 
• Look for conferences that attract researchers and practitioners who share similar research interests and goals as you.
• Guideline #2

Making Sure To Follow All The Submission Guidelines To A Tee

• When submitting a paper for presentation at a conference, it is crucial to follow all of the abstract submission guidelines imposed by the conference.
• These guidelines may include requirements for formatting, length, language, and more. 
• Failing to follow these guidelines can lead to the disqualification of your paper, so it’s important to carefully read and understand the guidelines before submitting your paper. 
• Here are some key steps to follow to make sure you follow all of the submission guidelines for a paper presentation imposed by a conference.
• The first step is to carefully read and review the submission guidelines provided by the conference. 
• Make sure to take note of any specific formatting requirements, word limits, or other requirements.
• To ensure that you don’t miss any important requirements, create a checklist of all the guidelines you need to follow. 
• This checklist will serve as a reference guide for you as you prepare your paper for submission.
• Follow the formatting guidelines provided by the conference, including font size, spacing, margins, and style. 
• Use the correct referencing style as required by the conference.
• If the conference requires submissions in a specific language, make sure that your paper meets the language requirements.
• If you aren’t a native speaker of the language, consider hiring a proofreader or editor to review your work.
• Before submitting your paper, edit and proofread it carefully to ensure that it is free from errors and meets all of the submission guidelines. 
• Review your paper for clarity, accuracy, and coherence.
• Submit your paper before the submission deadline, allowing plenty of time to ensure that all the requirements have been met. 
• If possible, submit your paper a few days in advance to avoid any last-minute complications.
• Guideline #3

Prepare A Solid PPT

• Preparing a top-notch PowerPoint (PPT) presentation for an international conference requires careful planning, attention to detail, and effective communication skills. 
• A well-designed and well-delivered PPT can significantly enhance the impact of your research and help you engage with your audience more effectively.
• Here are some key steps to follow when preparing your PPT for an international conference .
• Who are they? 
• What is their level of expertise? 
• What are their interests? 
• Knowing the answers to these questions can assist you in tailoring your presentation to the needs and interests of your audience.
• The next step is to define the key message or main idea of your presentation. 
• What is the main point you want to convey to your audience?
• Once you have defined your key message, you can structure your presentation around it.
• The outline is the backbone of your presentation. 
• It should include the main sections and sub-sections of your presentation. 
• Your outline should be logical and easy to follow, and each section should flow smoothly into the next.
• The format of your PPT should be clear and concise. 
• Use bullet points, images, and graphs to convey your ideas effectively. 
• Avoid using excessive text or complex graphics that can distract your audience.
• The color scheme of your PPT should be appropriate for your topic and audience. 
• Choose a color scheme that is easy on the eyes and does not distract from the content of your presentation.
• High-quality images and graphics can significantly enhance the impact of your presentation. 
• Use clear and relevant images that support your key message.
• Avoid using low-quality or irrelevant images that can detract from your presentation.
• The way you deliver your presentation is just as important as the content of your PPT. 
• Practice your delivery in advance and time your presentation to ensure that it fits within the allotted time. 
• Speak clearly and confidently, and engage with your audience by making eye contact and using gestures.
• Before you present at the international conference, get feedback on your PPT from colleagues or other experts in your field. 
• They can help you identify areas for improvement and provide valuable insights that can help you refine your presentation.
• Guideline #4

Practice Every Part Of Your Presentation 

• Delivering a paper presentation at a major international conference can be a daunting task, but effective practice can help to boost your confidence and ensure that you deliver a polished and engaging presentation. 
• Practicing your presentation in advance can help you to refine your message, identify any problem areas, and gain familiarity with your material. 
• It’s important to create a schedule for practicing your presentation in the lead-up to the conference. 
• Allocate specific times for practice sessions, and aim to practice several times per week in the weeks leading up to the conference.
• Start by timing your presentation to make sure that it falls within the allotted time frame. 
• Most conference presentations are limited to a specific amount of time, so it’s important to make sure that your presentation is within the given time frame.
• Practice refining your message and focus on key points that will resonate with your audience. 
• Make sure that your presentation is structured in a logical and coherent way and that it builds towards a clear conclusion.
• If you plan to use visual aids such as slides, it’s important to practice using them effectively. 
• Make sure that your slides are clear, easy to read, and effectively illustrate your key points.
• When practicing your presentation, focus on your delivery. 
• Pay attention to your pace, tone of voice, and body language.
• Practice making eye contact with your audience, and use appropriate gestures to emphasize key points.
• Practicing your presentation in front of colleagues or friends can be a great way to get feedback on your delivery and message. 
• Ask for constructive feedback and make changes accordingly.
• Consider recording yourself delivering your presentation so that you can review it later and identify areas for improvement.
• You can also share the recording with colleagues or friends for additional feedback.  
• Attend IFERP workshops and courses if you’d like help with this. 
• Guideline #5

Nailing The Q&A Session That Follows Your Presentation

• Delivering a paper presentation at a top international conference is a significant achievement, but the Q&A session that follows the presentation can be just as important. 
• The Q&A session gives you the opportunity to engage with the audience, clarify any points made in the presentation, and demonstrate your expertise. 
• A successful Q&A session can help to reinforce the key points of your presentation, establish your credibility, and foster valuable professional connections. 
• Here are some key steps to follow to ensure a successful Q&A session after delivering a paper presentation at a top international conference.
• The Q&A session can be unpredictable, so it’s important to be prepared for a wide range of questions. 
• Consider the topics and themes of your presentation, and anticipate the types of questions that you may be asked. 
• Think about potential questions that might challenge your arguments or that delve deeper into your research. 
• Think about the best way to portray your research to the editors of top journals and publications , who will be in attendance. 
• When responding to questions, it’s important to listen carefully to the question being asked. 
• Make sure you fully understand the question before providing an answer.
• To ensure that the entire audience can hear and understand the question, it is often helpful to repeat the question before answering it.
• It is important to keep your answers concise and to the point.
• Try to provide a direct response to the question asked while avoiding unnecessary details or tangents.
• Using examples and anecdotes can help to illustrate your points and make your responses more engaging and memorable.
• It’s important to be respectful and courteous when responding to questions, even if the question may be challenging or difficult to answer. 
• Avoid becoming defensive, and always remain professional.
• Following up with audience members after the session can help to build connections and establish valuable professional relationships. 
• Consider offering to answer any additional questions via email or providing resources for further reading on the topic.

• Guideline #6

Approaching Domain Experts For Feedback On Your Presentation 

• Receiving feedback from domain experts after delivering a paper presentation at a conference is a valuable opportunity to refine your research and improve your skills. 
• Domain experts have the knowledge and expertise to provide detailed and constructive feedback on your presentation, which can help you to develop your research further and improve your future presentations. 
• However, approaching domain experts for feedback can be intimidating, particularly if you don’t know them well. 
• Here are some key steps to follow when approaching domain experts for feedback and tips for writing a research paper after delivering a paper presentation at a conference.
• Start by identifying potential domain experts who may be interested in your research and have expertise in the area you presented on. 
• Look for people who have published articles, given presentations, or have specific research interests that relate to your presentation.
• Once you have identified potential domain experts, craft your request for feedback. 
• Be specific about the areas you would like feedback on and provide any additional materials, such as your presentation slides that may be helpful. 
• Send a polite and professional email introducing yourself and your research, and explain that you are seeking feedback on your recent presentation. 
• Be respectful of their time and expertise, and offer to provide any additional information they may need.
• It may take some time for domain experts to respond to your request for feedback, so be patient and avoid sending follow-up emails too soon.
• When receiving feedback, be open to constructive criticism and avoid becoming defensive. 
• Remember that domain experts are providing feedback to help you improve your research and presentation skills.
• If there is anything that you do not understand or would like more information on, do not hesitate to follow up with the domain experts. 
• Asking follow-up questions can help you to gain a better understanding of the feedback provided and identify specific areas for improvement. 
• You can also ask them to refer a fast publishing list of Scopus journals .
• After receiving feedback, be sure to thank the domain experts for their time and expertise. 
• Let them know that you appreciate their feedback and that you will use it to improve your research and future presentations.

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Despite harsh climate, agriculture on the northern margins of Russia still remains the backbone of food security. Historically, in both regions studied in this article – the Republic of Karelia and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) – agricultural activities as dairy farming and even cropping were well adapted to local conditions including traditional activities such as horse breeding typical for Yakutia. Using three different sources of information – official statistics, expert interviews, and field observations – allowed us to draw a conclusion that there are both similarities and differences in agricultural development and land use of these two studied regions. The differences arise from agro-climate conditions, settlement history, specialization, and spatial pattern of economy. In both regions, farming is concentrated within the areas with most suitable natural conditions. Yet, even there, agricultural land use is shrinking, especially in Karelia. Both regions are prone to being af...

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The Unique Burial of a Child of Early Scythian Time at the Cemetery of Saryg-Bulun (Tuva)

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Pages:  379-406

In 1988, the Tuvan Archaeological Expedition (led by M. E. Kilunovskaya and V. A. Semenov) discovered a unique burial of the early Iron Age at Saryg-Bulun in Central Tuva. There are two burial mounds of the Aldy-Bel culture dated by 7th century BC. Within the barrows, which adjoined one another, forming a figure-of-eight, there were discovered 7 burials, from which a representative collection of artifacts was recovered. Burial 5 was the most unique, it was found in a coffin made of a larch trunk, with a tightly closed lid. Due to the preservative properties of larch and lack of air access, the coffin contained a well-preserved mummy of a child with an accompanying set of grave goods. The interred individual retained the skin on his face and had a leather headdress painted with red pigment and a coat, sewn from jerboa fur. The coat was belted with a leather belt with bronze ornaments and buckles. Besides that, a leather quiver with arrows with the shafts decorated with painted ornaments, fully preserved battle pick and a bow were buried in the coffin. Unexpectedly, the full-genomic analysis, showed that the individual was female. This fact opens a new aspect in the study of the social history of the Scythian society and perhaps brings us back to the myth of the Amazons, discussed by Herodotus. Of course, this discovery is unique in its preservation for the Scythian culture of Tuva and requires careful study and conservation.

Keywords: Tuva, Early Iron Age, early Scythian period, Aldy-Bel culture, barrow, burial in the coffin, mummy, full genome sequencing, aDNA

Information about authors: Marina Kilunovskaya (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Vladimir Semenov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Varvara Busova  (Moscow, Russian Federation).  (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Kharis Mustafin  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Technical Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Irina Alborova  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Biological Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Alina Matzvai  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected]

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