phd university of helsinki

Doctoral admissions

You can search for doctoral programmes on the application portal Studyinfo.fi , or you can contact the universities directly about the doctoral study and research options they offer. Check the application times and procedures, eligibility requirements and other details with the university you are interested in. The following links will take you to each university's Doctoral studies and research info pages.

• Aalto University
• University of Helsinki
• University of Eastern Finland
• University of Jyväskylä
• University of Lapland
• LUT University
• University of Oulu
• Hanken School of Economics
• University of the Arts Helsinki
• Tampere University
• University of Turku
• University of Vaasa
• Åbo Akademi University  

Doctoral / PhD funding opportunities

See the advice on doctoral level scholarships  to learn where you can search for doctoral level research funding. The universities may also offer paid doctoral and post-doc positions, see below.

Academic research positions and jobs

Announcements for doctoral and post-doc researcher positions at Finnish universities can also be found on academic recruitment sites like:

• Jobs in Finland / Academic
• Academicpositions.fi

Early career researcher info & advice

Information, advice and guidelines for early career researchers - compiled by the Finnish Union of University Researchers and Teachers (FUURT)

Scientific research in Finland

Research.fi is a service offered by the Ministry of Education and Culture where you can learn more about the Finnish science and innovation system and policy, and research conducted in Finland.

• Research.fi

Explore our International Master's Programmes

Check out the list of our 35 International Master's Programmes and visit their websites for more information.

Please note that there is only one intake per academic year. The applications for studies starting in autumn 2024 are closed. The next application period for studies starting in autumn 2025 is from 9 Dec 2024 to 2 Jan 2025.

To keep updated about the application dates and processes, sign up for our Admissions Newsletter.

How to develop sustainable food and energy production? How to use automation and robotics in agriculture in the future?

In the Master’s Programme in Agricultural Sciences , you can pursue studies in agrotechnology, animal science, environmental soil science or plant production sciences. The University of Helsinki is the only university in Finland to offer academic education in this field.

How to solve issues related to agriculture, biodiversity, food and forests? How are oceans re­stored as oceans?

In the Master’s Programme in Agricultural, Environmental and Resource Economics (AGERE) , economics and natural sciences are combined. You will become a professional in applied economics in agricultural, environmental and resource-focused fields and well versed in topics such as climate policy, sustainable agriculture and food security.

How to prevent hurricane disasters? How is climate changing? How do ecosystems interact with the atmosphere/hydrosphere/lithosphere?

In the Master's Programme in Atmospheric Sciences , you can study aer­o­sol phys­ics, geo­phys­ics of the hy­dro­sphere, met­eor­o­logy, biosphere-atmosphere cycles, re­mote sens­ing, and at­mo­spheric chemistry and analysis. You learn to work with environmental issues and deal with matters like air pollution, climate change, deforestation, extreme weather and water resources.

How to lead the future of learning?

In the Master’s Programme in Changing Education , you get an understanding of education as a dynamic and transformable construct from the individual neural level to global policies. You also gain the knowledge and skills to analyse, develop and influence the practices and structures of education systems, institutions, teaching and pedagogical issues.

The courses are structured around three topic areas: 1) Education, society and culture, 2) Educational psychology and neuroscience, and 3) Pedagogy, educational institutions and research-based teacher education.

How to de­tect ill­nesses from breath? Can spent nuclear fuel be safely contained in bedrock? How does chemistry benefit bioeconomy ?

In the Master's Programme in Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , you learn experimental research methods in many fields of chemistry, like analytical and synthetic chemistry, radiochemistry, molecular research, and spectroscopy.

How will algorithms affect our societies? What are all the things that could be automated? How can we make future digital services more secure?

In the Master's Programme in Computer Science , you get skills that can lead you to create new network solutions, build the future digital society, develop secure digital services, or be involved in a ground-breaking software project.

How to deal with complex, increasingly diverse and rapidly changing issues of contemporary societies? How to use data for social good?

In the  Master's Programme in Contemporary Societies , you choose from six major subjects: Global Development Studies,  Social and Cultural Anthropology, Social and Public Policy, Social Data Science, Social Psychology, or Sociology. You also study themes like Data and Society, Ethnic Relations and Migration, Mind and Society, Socio-Cultural Shifts and Sources of Inequalities.

How to pre­vent ship­wrecks with the help of big data? How to construct solutions to complex data analysis problems?

Data science combines computer science and statistics to solve data-intensive problems in industry and many fields of science. In the Master's Programme in Data Science , you can specialise either in the core areas of data science - machine learning and algorithms, infrastructure and statistics - or in its applications. You will gain a solid knowledge of the central concepts, theories, and research methods of data science as well as applied skills. 

Which spe­cies are able to ad­apt to en­vir­on­mental change ? Why are some species able to invade new habitats?

In the Master's Programme in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology , you get a perspective on biology from the level of genes to communities of species by studying ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation biology. The field courses range from the northern subarctic region to tropical rainforests.

How do you analyse economic phenomena from the societal point of view? How to decide how many mobile phone operators to have? 

In the Master's Programme in Economics , you focus on the key elements of economic analysis and methods. You take courses in microeconomics, macroeconomics and econometrics. In addition, you can choose courses in subfields of economics, for example, economic theory, industrial organisation, international economics, labour economics, public economics, development economics, and behavioural and experimental economics. 

Teaching in the programme is arranged in cooperation with the departments of economics at Aalto University and Hanken School of Economics. Together with the discipline of economics at the University of Helsinki, they form the Helsinki Graduate School of Economics (Helsinki GSE). The unit offers the most extensive selection of economics courses in Finland.

How did Eng­lish be­come a world language? How is sociocultural change and language change related?

In the Master’s Programme in English Studies at the University of Helsinki, you develop your expertise in areas that are often separated in other programmes: English language and linguistics, literature in English and the teaching of English. You can also combine modules from other programmes to your degree, for example, Digital Humanities and Literary Studies.

How to solve problems of socio-ecological sustainability? How to make sustainable choices on a global scale? 

In the Master’s Programme in Environmental Change and Global Sustainability (ECGS) , you learn to tackle global environmental and sustainability challenges by integrating perspectives from natural sciences and social sciences. You gain expertise in environmental sciences, sustainability sciences and environmental policy. You can also study topics like food and sustainability, climate studies, indigenous stud­ies, urban studies, global land use or Baltic Sea stud­ies.

Why does Europe matter? How to understand populism in Europe? What is the significance of regional cooperation in the Nordic context?

In the Master's Programme in European and Nordic Studies , you get an understanding of European society, politics and culture today and in history. You benefit from the strengths of Nordic research on Europe with its strong focus on regional cooperation, diversity, identities, institutions, culture and politics of history and memory. You learn to know the Nordic countries through a European perspective and Europe from a Nordic perspective.

What will people eat in the fu­ture? What is behind the good taste of food?

In the Master's Programme in Food Sciences , your studies cover the whole food production chain from primary production via food processing to consumers. You explore innovations in food and how to improve the healthiness, safety, ecology and ethics of food and food processing. You also learn laboratory working skills and increase your knowledge of food composition, processing, structure and legislation.

How can forests help in fighting cli­mate change? How to grow trees sustainably and efficiently?

In the Master's Programme in Forest Sciences , you get a broad and versatile perspective on forests and their use. Your studies focus on and apply knowledge in biology, business economics, environmental sciences, logistics, geoinformatics and information technology. You can choose to specialise in forest ecology and management or forest economics, business and society, and become a professional in forest ecology, the management and use of forest resources and forest bioeconomy business and policy.

How are the building blocks of life arranged? How do genes regulate the development of cells, tissues and organisms? How do molecules, cells and tissues function and communicate with each other?

In the Master's programme in Genetics and Molecular Biosciences , you get in-depth knowledge and skills in modern genetics and molecular biosciences. You can specialise in Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology, Genetics and Genomics or Molecular Analytical Health Biosciences.

How to un­der­stand geo­graph­ical de­vel­op­ment and dif­fer­en­ti­ation of our planet? How to use GIS and big data for social good? 

In the Master's Programme in Geography , you get an overview of the discipline, its traditions and pluralism, as well as the topical research. You can study physical geography, human geography, geoinformatics or geography education (subject teacher) and delve deeper into themes like automating and visualizing GIS, conservation geography, development geography, high-latitude landscapes and ecosystems, political geographies of regional development, remote sensing of environment, spatial planning, urban geography and land use and more.

How to sustain a growing population on our dynamic planet? How do we make natural resource exploration and extraction more sustainable and environmentally friendly?

In the Master's Programme in Geology and Geophysics , you are trained to address pressing questions concerning our home planet's evolution, its role as the source of raw materials needed by modern civilisation, and environmental issues. You can study themes and topics like hydrogeology, environmental geology, palaeontology, palaeoclimatology and -ecology, mineralogy and petrology, geochemistry, economic geology, and solid earth geophysics.

How to deal with the chal­lenges of glob­al­ising law? How are norms that go beyond the "law" produced by states and international organisations?

In the Master's Programme in Global Governance Law (GGL) , you develop the skills to understand and deal with the challenges of globalising law. You study law and globalisation, public international law, European Union law, global administrative law, advanced human rights law and examine for example international institutions, decision-making and governance in the EU.

How can knowledge help us prevent confrontation? What is the role of the media in the transformation of contemporary democracies?

In the Master's Programme in Global Politics and Communication , you combine political science, communication studies and global political economy. You apply ideas, concepts and methodologies to key societal and political issues and develop your critical reasoning and argumentation skills.

How does nutrition maintain our health? How does culture influence our food choices? How is food discussed in the media?

In the Master’s Programme in Human Nutrition and Food-Related Behaviour (HNFB) , you focus on human nutrition and food-related behaviour from the perspective of public health nutrition, nutritional physiology and social sciences. You gain an understanding of the significance of nutrition to human physiology and health, learn to analyse the physiological, psychological, social and cultural aspects linked to food choices and recognise the diversity of food and nutritional issues and ways to influence them.

How can plants help us cope with global challenges? How do plants maintain ecosystems and thus life?

In the Master’s Programme in Integrative Plant Sciences , you study the diversity of wild and cultivated plants from the Arctic to the Tropics, as well as plant functions from the molecular level, such as ontogeny and regulation of growth and differentiation, to the ecosystem level. You can focus on Plant Molecular Biology, Plant and Fungal Diversity, Changing Vegetation or Plants, Genomes and Future Environments.

How to build bridges between diverse communities? How to promote cultural diversity in a globalised world?

In the Master's Programme in Intercultural Encounters , you focus on questions of cultural diversity and mutual understanding and get insight into the diversified world from different perspectives such as religion, conflicts, human interaction, living traditions and transnationalism. You learn to deal with issues of intercultural interaction, diversity, internationalisation, cultural management, the media and power.

How can mathematics and in­form­at­ics help you un­der­stand nature?

In the Master's Programme in Life Science Informatics , you combine the world of biodata and the expertise to utilise it.  You can study al­gorithmic bioin­form­at­ics, ap­plied bioin­form­at­ics, bio­mathem­at­ics, bio­s­tat­ist­ics and bioin­form­at­ics, eco-evol­u­tion­ary in­form­at­ics and sys­tems bio­logy and medicine.

 Do you want to uncover the mysteries of language and mind?  How do humans perceive the world and process information? How to create artificial systems that resemble language, speech and human cognition? Why do computers struggle with translating? 

In the Master's Programme in Linguistic Diversity and Digital Humanities , you deepen your understanding of the nature and diversity of human language and cognition and the theoretical and digital tools for working with language and speech. You may also focus on digital methods in other fields within humanities or on human cognition and artificial intelligence. You can specialise in Cognitive Science, Digital Humanities, General Linguistics, Language Technology or Phonetics.

Can materials research solve the en­ergy prob­lem? How to develop technology with new materials?

The Master's Programme in Materials Research (MATRES) brings together physics, chemistry, biology and medical sciences, mathematics and computer science. You can study for example biomaterials, nanomaterials, smart materials, polymers, composites, electronics, energy generation and storage as well as green and sustainable materials. You can specialise in Ex­per­i­mental materials phys­ics, Com­pu­ta­tional materials phys­ics, Med­ical phys­ics and bio­phys­ics, Poly­mer materials chemistry, n­or­ganic materials chemistry and Elec­tron­ics and in­dus­trial ap­plic­a­tions.

How to cal­cu­late your­self into the cen­ter of the Earth?

In the Master’s Programme in Mathematics and Statistics , you get a solid basis for mathematics and statistics applications. You can specialise in Analysis, Mathematical logic, Geometry, algebra and topology, Mathematical physics and probability, Inverse problems and imaging, Mathematical biology, Insurance and financial mathematics, and Statistics.

How to avoid microbial spoilage of food?

In the Master's Programme in Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology , you learn about microbes and the biotechnological applications as well as what research techniques are used to study viruses, bacteria and other microbes. Your studies include topics like the application of microbiological knowledge, biotechnology and bioinformatics, functional principles of microbial cells and communities, research methods in microbiology and solving microbiological problems.

How are our brains making us conscious, sense, feel and act? What are the neurobiological bases of behaviour?

In the Master's Programme in Neuroscience , you will learn to master the essentials of neuroscience and physiology. You study Neuroscience and gain an understanding of the diverse functions of the brain and the nervous system, or Cell and Systems Physiology to gain an understanding of the complexity of life from molecules to functional organisms.

How did we get here from the big bang? How to understand space?

In the Master’s Programme in Particle Physics and Astrophysical Sciences , you get an extensive understanding of particle physics and cosmology and/or astrophysical sciences. You gain expertise in basic research and acquire proficiency in the use of mathematical methods, IT tools, experimental equipment, as well as strong problem-solving and logical deduction skills.

How to cre­ate ef­fect­ive, safe and sustainable drug treat­ments of the fu­ture?

In the Master’s Programme in Pharmaceutical Research, Development and Safety , you obtain a comprehensive overview of the life cycle of drugs and their use. You can specialise in 1) drug discovery and pharmacology, 2) drug development and 3) medication safety and effectiveness. The perspective of Green and Sustainable Pharmacy, essential for managing the global sustainability challenge, is integrated into the curriculum.

How does knowing Russia, Eurasia and Eastern Europe help you to understand global developments?

In the Master’s Programme in Russian, Eurasian, and Eastern European Studies (MAREEES) , you explore how societal, political, security, environmental or identity-related changes impact the region. You benefit from the latest research by leading academic experts in the field and develop an understanding and the ability to interpret complex area-specific questions and their global inter-relatedness.

How can we infer general principles from limited observations? How to create mathematical models of natural phenomena?

In the Master’s Programme in Theoretical and Computational Methods , you get a strong basis in theoretical methods, modelling, and mathematical and numerical analysis within physics, mathematics, chemistry and/or computer science.

How to make scientific discoveries benefit the patients? How to improve future diagnostics?

In the Master's Programme in Translational Medicine ( TRANSMED ) , you learn to facilitate new therapies and medical procedures by implementing research findings in patient care, and by applying clinical data in research. This requires understanding both science and medicine. You also interact directly with researchers and clinicians to adopt and practice interdisciplinary communication skills.

How do we deal with and develop complex urban environments? What can be done to prevent residential segregation and inequality?

In the Master’s Programme in Urban Studies and Planning , you become a professional capable of understanding and addressing complex urban development challenges. You can specialise in Urban Planning and Design (USP Plans), Urban Life, Economy and Cultures (USP Peoples) or Urban Ecologies and Systems (USP Systems).

Doctoral researcher positions funded by the University of Helsinki

The instruction belongs to the following themes.

• Funding for doctoral research

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Open university programmes.

• Open university Flag this item

Bachelor's Programmes

• Bachelor's Programme for Teachers of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Agricultural Sciences Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Applied Psychology Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Art Studies Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Biology Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Chemistry Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Computer Science (TKT) Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Cultural Studies Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Economics Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Education: Class Teacher (KLU, in Swedish) Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Education: Class Teacher, Education (LO-KT) Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Education: Class Teacher, Educational Psychology (LO-KP) Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Education: Craft Teacher Education (KÄ) Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Education: Early Education Teacher (SBP) Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Education: Early Education Teacher (VO) Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Education: General and Adult Education (PED, in Swedish) Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Education: General and Adult Education (YL and AKT) Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Education: Home Economics Teacher (KO) Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Education: Special Education (EP) Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Environmental and Food Economics Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Environmental Sciences Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Food Sciences Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Forest Sciences Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Geography Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Geosciences Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in History Flag this item
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• Bachelor's Programme in Politics, Media and Communication Flag this item
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• Bachelor's Programme in Science (BSC) Flag this item
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• Bachelor's Programme in Society and Change Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in the Languages and Literatures of Finland Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Theology and Religious Studies Flag this item
• Bachelor's Programme in Veterinary Medicine Flag this item

Master's and Licentiate's Programmes

• Degree Programme in Dentistry Flag this item
• Degree Programme in Medicine Flag this item
• Degree Programme in Veterinary Medicine Flag this item
• International Masters in Economy, State & Society   Flag this item
• Master ́s Programme in Development of health care services Flag this item
• Master's Programme for Teachers of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Agricultural Sciences Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Agricultural, Environmental and Resource Economics Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Area and Cultural Studies Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Art Studies Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Atmospheric Sciences (ATM) Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Changing Education Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Computer Science (CSM) Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Contemporary Societies Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Cultural Heritage Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Culture and Communication (in Swedish) Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Data Science Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Economics Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Education: Class Teacher (KLU, in Swedish) Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Education: Class Teacher, Education (LO-KT) Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Education: Class Teacher, Educational Psychology (LO-KP) Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Education: Craft Teacher Education (KÄ) Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Education: Early Education (VAKA) Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Education: General and Adult Education (PED, in Swedish) Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Education: General and Adult Education (YL and AKT) Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Education: Home Economics Teacher (KO) Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Education: Special Education (EP) Flag this item
• Master's Programme in English Studies Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Environmental Change and Global Sustainability Flag this item
• Master's Programme in European and Nordic Studies Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Finnish and Finno-Ugrian Languages and Cultures Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Food Economy and Consumption Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Food Sciences Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Forest Sciences Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Gender Studies Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Genetics and Molecular Biosciences Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Geography Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Geology and Geophysics Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Global Politics and Communication Flag this item
• Master's Programme in History Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Human Nutrition and Food-Related Behaviour Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Integrative Plant Sciences Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Intercultural Encounters Flag this item
• Master's Programme in International Business Law Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Languages Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Law Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Life Science Informatics (LSI) Flag this item
• Master's programme in Linguistic Diversity and Digital Humanities Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Literary Studies Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Logopedics Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Materials Research (MATRES) Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Mathematics and Statistics (MAST) Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Neuroscience Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Particle Physics and Astrophysical Sciences (PARAS) Flag this item
• Master's programme in Pharmaceutical Research, Development and Safety Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Pharmacy Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Philosophy Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Politics, Media and Communication Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Psychology Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Russian, Eurasian and Eastern European Studies Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Scandinavian Languages and Literature Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Social and Health Research and Management Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Social Research Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Social Sciences (in Swedish) Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Society and Change Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Theology and Religious Studies Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Theoretical and Computational Methods (TCM) Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Translation and Interpreting Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Translational Medicine Flag this item
• Master's Programme in Urban Studies and Planning (USP) Flag this item
• Master’s Programme in Global Governance Law Flag this item
• Nordic Master Programme in Environmental Changes at Higher Latitudes (ENCHIL) Flag this item

Doctoral Programmes

• Doctoral Programme Brain and Mind Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Atmospheric Sciences (ATM-DP) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Biomedicine (DPBM) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Chemistry and Molecular Sciences (CHEMS) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research (KLTO) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Clinical Veterinary Medicine (CVM) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Cognition, Learning, Instruction and Communication (CLIC) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Computer Science (DoCS) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Drug Research (DPDR) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Economics Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Food Chain and Health Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Gender, Culture and Society (SKY) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Geosciences (GeoDoc) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in History and Cultural Heritage Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Human Behaviour (DPHuB) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Integrative Life Science (ILS) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Interdisciplinary Environmental Sciences (DENVI) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Language Studies (HELSLANG) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Law Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Materials Research and Nanoscience (MATRENA) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Mathematics and Statistics (Domast) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Microbiology and Biotechnology Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Oral Sciences (FINDOS) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Particle Physics and Universe Sciences (PAPU) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Philosophy, Arts and Society Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Plant Sciences (DPPS) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Political, Societal and Regional Changes (PYAM) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Population Health (DOCPOP) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in School, Education, Society and Culture Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Social Sciences Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Sustainable Use of Renewable Natural Resources (AGFOREE) Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Theology and Religious Studies Flag this item
• Doctoral Programme in Wildlife Biology (LUOVA) Flag this item

Specialist training programmes

• Multidisciplinary studies for class teachers (teaching in Finnish) Flag this item
• Multidisciplinary studies for class teachers (teaching in Swedish) Flag this item
• Non-degree studies for special education teachers (ELO) Flag this item
• Non-degree studies for special education teachers (LEO) Flag this item
• Non-degree studies for special education teachers (VEO) Flag this item
• Non-degree studies in subject teacher education Flag this item
• Spe­cific Train­ing in Gen­eral Med­ical Prac­tice Flag this item
• Specialisation Programme in Clinical Mental Health Psychology Flag this item
• Specialisation Programme in Neuropsychology Flag this item
• Specialisation Programme in Veterinary Medicine, Environmental Health and Food Control (old) Flag this item
• Specialisation Programme in Veterinary Medicine, Equine Medicine (old) Flag this item
• Specialisation Programme in Veterinary Medicine, Food Production Hygiene Flag this item
• Specialisation Programme in Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Animal Diseases (new) Flag this item
• Specialisation Programme in Veterinary Medicine, Production Animal Medicine (old) Flag this item
• Specialisation Programme in Veterinary Medicine, Small Animal Medicine (old) Flag this item
• Specialisation Studies in Community and Hospital Pharmacy (for B.Sc.Pharm.) Flag this item
• Specialisation Studies in Community and Hospital Pharmacy (for M.Sc.Pharm.) Flag this item
• Specialisation Studies in Industrial Pharmacy (for B.Sc.Pharm.) Flag this item
• Specialisation Studies in Industrial Pharmacy (for M.Sc.Pharm.) Flag this item
• Specialist Training in Dentistry Flag this item
• Specialist Training in Hospital Chemistry Flag this item
• Specialist Training in Hospital Microbiology Flag this item
• Specialist Training in Medicine, 5-year training Flag this item
• Specialist Training in Medicine, 6-year training Flag this item
• Specialist's Programme in Veterinary Medicine, Environmental Health and Food Control Flag this item
• Specialist's Programme in Veterinary Medicine, Equine Medicine (new) Flag this item
• Specialist's Programme in Veterinary Medicine, general veterinary medicine Flag this item
• Specialist's Programme in Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Animal Diseases (new) Flag this item
• Specialist's Programme in Veterinary Medicine, Production Animal Medicine (new) Flag this item
• Specialist's Programme in Veterinary Medicine, Small Animal Medicine (new) Flag this item
• Trainer Training Programme in Integrative Psychotherapy Flag this item
• Training Programme for Psychotherapists Flag this item

As a doctoral researcher, you have a variety of opportunities to find employment at the University and finance your doctoral studies through it: 

• Doctoral programmes annually recruit doctoral researchers for one- to four-year fixed-term paid positions funded by the University of Helsinki
• Research programmes coordinated by University research staff employ doctoral researchers in research activities
• Hourly-paid teaching duties
• Many doctoral researchers work in the University administration during their doctoral studies.

On this page

How to search for work at the university.

If it is your aim to be employed by the University, actively follow new calls for applications for open positions and apply to suitable positions, adhering to the application periods and instructions. However, please take into account that only a small minority of doctoral researchers at the University find employment at the University during their studies, so it is always important to keep an open mind about other options to fund your doctoral studies.

Calls for applications for open positions are posted on the Open positions page of the University of Helsinki.

Employment as a doctoral researcher

The University grants funds for doctoral school and programmes to recruit doctoral researchers. In addition, for example research projects may hire doctoral researchers through their own funding.

Doctoral researchers funded by the University of Helsinki have an employment contract with the University of Helsinki and work in one of the units of the University. If you have been recruited to the position of a doctoral researcher, the same rights, responsibilities and principles apply to you as to other University employees and you must always agree on trips and longer research visits with your supervisor while complying with the travel practices of the University.

Your main duty is dissertation work but your position will always include some teaching duties. In addition to salary and social security, as an employee you are entitled to, for example, occupational healthcare, work facilities and equipment and other services for staff.

An employment relationship becomes valid when you have been chosen for a position and you have signed an employment contract with the University. The contract is always drawn up in writing and it is signed by the employee, the person responsible for recruitment as a representative of the University and the person responsible for human resources in the unit where the employment contract is signed. Employment contracts for doctoral researchers are drawn up and their human resources matters are handled by the University Services’ on-site HR service team in the unit where the doctoral candidate works. Contact information for the staff at the on-site services is available in Flamma , under the My Unit section.

Please note that if you have been recruited to a doctoral researcher position, but have not yet been granted the right to pursue doctoral studies, you must acquire this right during your employment trial period. Acquaint yourself with the instructions for applying for a study right well in advance before the next application round and ensure that you are eligible.

Salaried doctoral researcher positions

The University of Helsinki annually allocates funding for salaried doctoral researcher positions. These positions are meant for full-time work. The aim is that doctoral researchers employed by the University will complete their degree in four years.

The call for applications for these positions takes place annually in the early autumn on the open positions page of the University of Helsinki . Both current University of Helsinki doctoral researchers and new applicants planning doctoral studies are eligible to apply for these positions. More information about the application process and application assessment procedure is available on the University’s external website .

The best applicants will be selected to the positions of doctoral researchers. The steering groups of each doctoral programme will assess the submitted applications using, when needed, a separate specialist body or external experts. In addition to assessing the application documents, many doctoral programmes want to interview the top applicants.

The doctoral researcher positions are primarily aimed at doctoral researchers in the early stages of their dissertation work to enable them to work full-time on their dissertations and postgraduate studies. The exact duration of a doctoral researcher’s employment depends on the stage of their dissertation. As a rule, the positions are filled starting from the first day of January each year. The start and end dates of employment are determined in the employment contract.

Orientation for new employees

When you start to work at the university, it is recommended to familiarize yourself with these instructions on the beginning in a new job and orientation (link opens in Flamma). These instructions have information about the practicalities involved in beginning your new job and orientation events.

If you arrive to Finland from abroad it is also recommended to familiarize yourself with these instructions (link opens in Flamma).

Other employment relationships at the University

If you are employed by the University in a position other than research staff, please note that you will not have the right to work on dissertation research during working time. Agree with your work supervisor on how to combine doctoral studies and, for example, on possible study leave.

Examination of PhD thesis

• Peltonen, M. (Participant)
• Department of Philosophy, History and Art Studies
• Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Arts)
• Doctoral Programme in History and Cultural Heritage

Activity : Other activity types › Types for other activities - Other

Spring 2024 admissions results .

Apply to Doctoral Programme of Artistic Research in Performing Arts

Check the application instructions for the doctoral studies starting in the Autumn 2023. The application period is 7-28 September 2022.

Published 31.8.2020 | Updated 5.9.2022

Application instructions for the admissions in 2023

The application period for doctoral studies is 7 September – 28 September 2022 . The application period ends at 4 p.m. local Finnish Time on 28 September 2022.

New doctoral candidates

The University of the Arts Helsinki’s Theatre Academy (TeaK) will admit a maximum of 9 (nine) new doctoral candidates to commence studies starting in the autumn term 2023 leading to the degree of Doctor of Arts (Theatre and Drama), Doctor of Arts (Dance) or Doctor of Arts (Art and Design) within the Doctoral Programme of Artistic Research in Performing Arts . The application is to be submitted in electronic form in the Studyinfo service. The link to the online application forms in the Studyinfo service work once the application period starts.

Doctoral studies and research at the Theatre Academy are organised by the Performing Arts Research Centre (Tutke). Performing Arts refer to the disciplines represented at TeaK : Acting in Finnish, Acting in Swedish, Choreography, Comparative Dramaturgy and Performance Research, Dance Pedagogy, Dance Performance, Design for the Performing Arts, Directing, Dramaturgy and Playwriting, Lighting Design, Live Art and Performance Studies, Sound Design, Theatre Pedagogy, Writing. Principles and aims guiding Tutke’s functions are described in Tutke’s mission and vision 2021-2030 .

Doctoral studies and research carried out at Tutke are defined as artistic research . Graduates from the Doctoral Programme of Artistic Research in Performing Arts are artist-researchers with a doctoral degree of Doctor of Arts (Theatre and Drama), Doctor of Arts (Dance) or Doctor of Art (Art and Design).

During the doctoral studies, the doctoral student carries out an artistic research project on a topic of their choice and acquires the skills and knowledge of an artist-researcher. As experts in their field, artist-researchers develop the understanding of the arts, create art, pedagogy and research. The students collaborate and engage in a comprehensive and critical dialogue with various actors in the society. They create art and produce information, knowledge, and insights based on art-related practices that can be applied in the arts and in other fields and areas of the society. Doctoral training develops the artist-researchers’ ability to apply their skills as artists, researchers, teachers, and experts in their field.

The scope of the doctoral degree is 240 study credits: doctoral research 180 credits, and 60 credits of studies supporting the doctoral research, which include some contact teaching. Applicants are advised to carefully read the Curriculum 2021–2026 of TeaK’s doctoral programme . Courses are offered in both Finnish and English, and excellent skills in English are therefore recommended, and essential for applicants planning to complete their doctorate in English. The doctoral degree can be completed in Finnish or English.

Besides a doctoral research carried out by an individual doctoral candidate, Tutke supports an option of collaborative doctoral research project. In case two or more doctoral candidates share a collaborative project, each doctoral candidate shall complete their doctoral degree individually and independent from the joint project. The applicants in the doctoral admissions are assessed individually and no decision on the selection of the applicants can be conditional. Each applicant shall present their independent subject of research in the research plan and clarify how the individual artistic research connects to the collaborative research project. Applicants shall submit their individual applications and all attachments that are required to the Studyinfo service individually.

Tutke provides its doctoral students with limited financial support for doctoral research projects. At the moment Tutke hosts 6 (six) fixed term salary-paid doctoral candidate positions. When they become open, doctoral students can apply for them in accordance with the recruitment announcements.  In addition, the selected doctoral students from outside the EU/EEA can apply for Finland Fellowships funding. The positions are applied at the same time you apply to the doctoral studies at the Studyinfo service. Check the instructions well in advance:

Admission criteria

Eligibility.

The applicant will be deemed eligible to apply if they have the required educational background, have provided proof of their language proficiency according to the Academy’s language proficiency requirements, and have submitted the application with all the required attachments within the application period. The applications of applicants who have been deemed eligible to apply will be evaluated, and based on this evaluation, some of the applicants will be invited to take part in the next stage of the admissions procedure.

Educational background

Applicants can be admitted to doctoral studies if they have completed one of the following:

• an applicable higher university degree
• an applicable higher degree at a polytechnic or university of applied sciences
• an applicable degree outside of Finland permitting one to enrol in similar university studies in the country of the degree.

An applicant who is deemed by the University to have sufficient information and knowledge required for the studies can also be admitted as a doctoral student. The University can oblige doctoral students to undertake necessary courses to attain required skills (Universities Act 24 July 2009, 558/2009, section 37).

Language skills

In order to be admitted to Tutke’s Doctoral Studies Programme in Artistic Research in Performing Arts, the applicant must have sufficient language skills in Finnish or English or Swedish (updated August 30, 2022). The applicant must demonstrate the language skills with prior studies or a language certificate.

The applicant must prove their language proficiency in accordance with the requirements set by the Theatre Academy during the application period. An applicant cannot be deemed as eligible to apply if they have not provided acceptable proof of their language proficiency.

Selection Criteria

• the artistic and research-oriented importance, relevance, and feasibility of the applicant’s research plan,
• linking of the research plan to the disciplines represented at the Theatre Academy and the research made within them,
• compatibility of the research plan with the Curriculum 2021-2026 of TeaK’s doctoral programme ,
• executability of the research plan in the context of the Theatre Academy,
• the availability of relevant supervision at the academies of the University of the Arts Helsinki for the research presented in the applicant’s research plan,
• artistic and/or art pedagogic and/or research merits and/or professional experience within the arts
• strong artistic experience in the above mentioned fields of performing arts represented at the Theatre Academy,
• an ability to work both independently and in groups and a long-term commitment to creative artistic research.

The online application complying with the application instructions must arrive at the Theatre Academy by the deadline of 4.00 p.m. on 28 September 2022 (Local Finnish time) . The application shall be submitted in the Studyinfo service online. The application must include an online application form and appendices in an electronic format filled in within the portal Studyinfo.fi. The application can be submitted in Finnish, Swedish, or English. Note: Applications or parts of an application that are posted/sent by post, couriered, submitted in person or sent per email will not be accepted.

Only materials uploaded to the Studyinfo service will be evaluated. Links pointing to external websites or repositories will not be considered.

The application must include the following attachments:

• Online application
• ​A comprehensive description of the research idea, its context and realization.
• Descriptions of the research elements that the planned doctoral research comprises. Research elements are the artistic parts and the commentary of the doctoral research, or combinations of these (for more information, see the Curriculum 2021-2026 of TeaK’s doctoral programme ). Research elements shall be defined clearly and their role in the research shall be motivated. The research plan shall also demonstrate how the research elements will be published or made public, what kind of resources they require, and the planned schedule.
• A preliminary list of references.
• Preliminary funding plan.
• Abstract of the research plan (a maximum of 400 words)
• Personal data (including year of birth)
• Prior education
• Artistic and/or pedagogic experience
• Publications and other merits that the applicant deems profitable for doctoral study
• Scanned copies of degree certificates and the language proficiency certificates if applicable.
• If the degree is completed outside of Finland, a clarification of the educational system in the country in question and the level of completed education in this system is required in Finnish, Swedish, or English.
• A short portfolio of the applicant´s key artistic activity (corresponding to a maximum of 5 pages and/or 15 minutes audio-visual material)

The research plan must comply with the guidelines on the responsible conduct of research by the Finnish Advisory Board on Research Integrity. The research plan provided by the applicant may be checked for plagiarism on the Turnitin plagiarism detection platform. 

When writing a research plan, the following questions may be helpful :

• What do you want to research, and what is your research question?
• How do you want to research, and how do you plan to implement your research?
• Why do you want to research this topic?
• Why is this topic relevant now?
• How is your personal artistic or art-pedagogy-related background connected with your research topic?
• How is your research connected to the traditions of your field?
• What methods will you apply in your research or develop for your research?
• What are the artistic elements of your research and how do they answer your research question?
• What are the conceptual and theoretical starting points of your research?
• What kind of results will the research produce? 
• How does the research develop the art field it represents?
• What is the societal relevance of your research?

The accepted format for moving image and the accepted audio and video formats are :

• A digital file, in H264 compression (maximum file size 1 G)
• Audio: mp3, m4a, aiff, wma, wav, aac
• Video: mpeg, mpg, mp4, mov, avi, wmv, m4v, vob

Give names to your files according to the following instructions before sending them in. The name of the attachments shall follow the format: surname_firstname_filename (an example: smith_john_researchplan). Do not use scandics (ö, ä, å) or special characters in the file names. 

Sending in the application form early enough

Complete and submit an online application with all appendices on the Studyinfo service. A link to the application form will be added before the application period starts.

When you have submitted your application, you will receive a confirmation email for your application. In technical problems related to the Studyinfo service, contact [email protected] Please remember to reserve enough time for the process, as the application deadline is definite.

Admission procedure

The admissions are the responsibility of an admissions board, which consists of professors, lecturers, and researchers at the Theatre Academy. The admission procedure has three stages.

• In the first stage , the admission board’s members who are Tutke’s faculty choose the applicants to be interviewed on the basis of their applications. 
• During the interviews ( second stage ), the selected applicants have a possibility to expand upon their plans for artistic research and their artistic work.
• In the third stage , the selected applicants develop their research plans with support from assigned supervisors. After the third stage, the admissions board discusses the applicants on the basis of the supervisors’ statements, and the professors in artistic research make a proposal to the Theatre Academy’s Research Council concerning the candidates to be admitted to the doctoral programme. The Research Council makes the final decision on the admissions.
• 7 September 2022: The application period starts
• 28 September 2022 at 4 PM (local Finnish time): The application period ends. The eligibility of the applicants is assessed after the application period has ended.
• October–November 2022: 1st stage: the admission board’s members who are Tutke’s faculty choose the applicants, on the basis of their applications, to be interviewed. Invitations to the applicants are sent during week 45.
• 28–29 November 2022 (extra date 30 November 2022): 2nd stage: applicants accepted to the second round are interviewed
• December 2022: The admissions board chooses the applicants to be invited to the third round. The applicants are notified and the feedback from the supervisors on the research plans are sent during the week 49. The applicant can ask for clarifications about the feedback during week 50.
• December 2022–January 2023: 3rd stage: the applicants invited to the 3rd round develop their research plans.
• 29 January 2023: The applicants submit their updated research plans.
• March 2023: The admission board meets. The Research Council of the Theatre Academy makes the decision on the new doctoral students.
• 3 April 2023: Admission results are published

It is a good idea to reserve time for yourself for revising the research plan from December 2022 to the end of January 2023.

Announcement of the results

The admissions results will be announced on 3 April 2023 on the University of the Arts Helsinki’s website for the applicants who have given their consent on the application form for publishing their names. Successful candidates will receive an email from the Theatre Academy after the publication of the results.

Appeal request

An applicant who is dissatisfied with the admissions decision by the Dean is entitled to submit a written request to review the application within 14 days of the announcement of the decision. The appeal request must be submitted in writing to the University of the Arts Helsinki’s registry.

How to submit an appeal request and what to include

The request must be submitted to the registry within 14 days after the publication of the admissions decision. Requests for appeals are sent at the sender’s own risk. If you submit the appeal request by email, write the name of the appropriate academy on the subject line. The name and contact details of the appellant and the statement, as well as the grounds for the request must be included

Contact information for the registry:

University of the Arts Helsinki Registry P.O. Box 38 / Töölönlahdenkatu 16 C FI-00097 University of the Arts Helsinki [email protected]

Further information

Doctoral Programme of Artistic Research in Performing Arts

Email: [email protected]

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Early vs Late Anticoagulation in Minor, Moderate, and Major Ischemic Stroke With Atrial Fibrillation : Post Hoc Analysis of the ELAN Randomized Clinical Trial

• 1 Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
• 2 University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
• 3 Clinical Trials Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
• 4 Department of Neurology, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
• 5 Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
• 6 Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
• 7 Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
• 8 Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
• 9 Internal, Vascular, and Emergency Medicine, Stroke Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
• 10 Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
• 11 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
• 12 Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
• 13 Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
• 14 Research Department, Reha Rheinfelden, Rheinfelden, Switzerland
• 15 Stroke Center, Lisbon Central University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
• 16 Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
• 17 Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
• 18 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
• 19 Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
• 20 Department of Neurology, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
• 21 Faculty of Medicine, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Košice, Slovakia
• 22 Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
• 23 Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
• 24 Department of Neurology, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
• 25 Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin and Department of Neurology, Mater University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
• 26 School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Question   Does infarct size modify the safety and efficacy of early vs late initiation of direct oral anticoagulation (DOAC) after ischemic stroke in people with atrial fibrillation?

Findings   In this post hoc analysis of 1962 participants from the Early Versus Later Anticoagulation for Stroke With Atrial Fibrillation (ELAN) randomized clinical trial, the odds of the primary outcome (recurrent ischemic stroke, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, extracranial bleeding, systemic embolism, or vascular death within 30 days) were similar for early vs late DOAC initiation among participants with minor, moderate, and major stroke.

Meaning   Early DOAC treatment was not associated with a higher rate of bleeding complications, especially symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, or any adverse events regardless of infarct size, including major stroke.

Importance   Whether infarct size modifies the treatment effect of early vs late direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) initiation in people with ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation is unknown.

Objective   To assess whether infarct size modifies the safety and efficacy of early vs late DOAC initiation.

Design, Setting, and Participants   Post hoc analysis of participants from the multinational (>100 sites in 15 countries) randomized clinical Early Versus Later Anticoagulation for Stroke With Atrial Fibrillation (ELAN) trial who had (1) acute ischemic stroke, (2) atrial fibrillation, and (3) brain imaging available before randomization. The ELAN trial was conducted between October 2017 and December 2022. Data were analyzed from October to December 2023 for this post hoc analysis.

Intervention   Early vs late DOAC initiation after ischemic stroke. Early DOAC initiation was within 48 hours for minor or moderate stroke or on days 6 to 7 for major stroke; late DOAC initiation was on days 3 to 4 for minor stroke, days 6 to 7 for moderate stroke, and days 12 to 14 for major stroke.

Main Outcomes and Measures   The primary outcome was a composite of recurrent ischemic stroke, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, extracranial bleeding, systemic embolism, or vascular death within 30 days. The outcome was assessed according to infarct size (minor, moderate, or major) using odds ratios and risk differences between treatment arms. Interrater reliability for infarct size between the core laboratory and local raters was assessed, and whether this modified the estimated treatment effects was also examined.

Results   A total of 1962 of the original 2013 participants (909 [46.3%] female; median [IQR] age, 77 [70-84] years) were included. The primary outcome occurred in 10 of 371 participants (2.7%) with early DOAC initiation vs 11 of 364 (3.0%) with late DOAC initiation among those with minor stroke (odds ratio [OR], 0.89; 95% CI, 0.38-2.10); in 11 of 388 (2.8%) with early DOAC initiation vs 14 of 392 (3.6%) with late DOAC initiation among those with moderate stroke (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.35-1.74); and in 8 of 219 (3.7%) with early DOAC initiation vs 16 of 228 (7.0%) with late DOAC initiation among those with major stroke (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.21-1.18). The 95% CI for the estimated risk difference of the primary outcome in early anticoagulation was −2.78% to 2.12% for minor stroke, −3.23% to 1.76% for moderate stroke, and −7.49% to 0.81% for major stroke. There was no significant treatment interaction for the primary outcome. For infarct size, interrater reliability was moderate (κ = 0.675; 95% CI, 0.647-0.702) for local vs core laboratory raters and strong (κ = 0.875; 95% CI, 0.855-0.894) between core laboratory raters.

Conclusions and Relevance   The treatment effect of early DOAC initiation did not differ in people with minor, moderate, or major stroke assessed by brain imaging. Early treatment was not associated with a higher rate of adverse events, especially symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, for any infarct size, including major stroke.

Trial Registration   ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03148457

Read More About

Goeldlin MB , Hakim A , Branca M, et al. Early vs Late Anticoagulation in Minor, Moderate, and Major Ischemic Stroke With Atrial Fibrillation : Post Hoc Analysis of the ELAN Randomized Clinical Trial . JAMA Neurol. Published online May 28, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.1450

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Article Contents

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in low-risk tricuspid or bicuspid aortic stenosis: the notion-2 trial.

The complete list of NOTION-2 Investigators is provided in the Supplementary Appendix.

• Article contents
• Figures & tables
• Supplementary Data

Troels Højsgaard Jørgensen, Hans Gustav Hørsted Thyregod, Mikko Savontaus, Yannick Willemen, Øyvind Bleie, Mariann Tang, Matti Niemela, Oskar Angerås, Ingibjörg J Gudmundsdóttir, Ulrik Sartipy, Hanna Dagnegaard, Mika Laine, Andreas Rück, Jarkko Piuhola, Petur Petursson, Evald H Christiansen, Markus Malmberg, Peter Skov Olsen, Rune Haaverstad, Lars Sondergaard, Ole De Backer, for the NOTION-2 investigators , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Low-Risk Tricuspid or Bicuspid Aortic Stenosis: The NOTION-2 Trial, European Heart Journal , 2024;, ehae331, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae331

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Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become the first choice to treat older patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS). This study aimed to compare TAVI with surgery in low-risk patients ≤ 75 years of age, including both tricuspid and bicuspid AS.

The NOTION-2 trial enrolled and 1:1 randomized low-risk patients aged ≤ 75 years with severe symptomatic AS to TAVI or surgery. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality, stroke or rehospitalization (related to the procedure, valve or heart failure) at 12 months.

A total of 370 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 71.1 years and a median Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score of 1.1%. A total of 100 patients had bicuspid AS. The 1-year incidence of the primary endpoint was 10.2% in the TAVI group and 7.1% in the surgery group (absolute risk difference 3.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.7% to 8.8%; hazard ratio (HR) 1.4, 95% CI: 0.7 to 2.9; p=0.3). Patients with TAVI, when compared to surgery, had lower risk of major bleeding and new-onset atrial fibrillation and higher risk of non-disabling stroke, permanent pacemaker implantation and moderate-or-greater paravalvular regurgitation. The risk of the primary composite endpoint was 8.7% and 8.3% in patients with tricuspid AS (HR 1.0, 95% CI: 0.5 to 2.3) and 14.3% and 3.9% in patients with bicuspid AS (HR 3.8, 95% CI: 0.8 to 18.5) treated with TAVI or surgery, respectively (P for interaction=0.1).

Among low-risk patients aged ≤ 75 years with severe symptomatic AS, the rate of the composite of death, stroke, or rehospitalization at one year was similar between TAVI and surgery. TAVI outcomes in young bicuspid AS patients warrant caution and should be further investigated. (NOTION-2, ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02825134).

• aortic valve stenosis
• atrial fibrillation
• cerebrovascular accident
• ischemic stroke
• heart failure
• patient readmission
• surgical procedures, operative
• surgery specialty
• thoracic surgery specialty
• pacemaker, permanent
• risk reduction
• older adult
• risk, attributable
• absolute risk reduction
• transcatheter aortic-valve implantation
• paravalvular regurgitation
• composite outcomes

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