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REVIEW OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH: A MANAGEMENT SUPPORT EMPHASIS

Related Papers

Journal of Information Engineering and Applications

PIUS VINCENT OKOYE

Saiful Islam

Alexander Decker

Dinasti International Journal of Education Management And Social Science

Ali M Zebua

Management Information System (MIS) is one of the most important achievements in the field of work administration, which aims to provide reliable, accurate, relevant and complete information to managers to improve organizational performance in organizations. This research reviews other research in the field of MIS adoption in organizations. Synthesizing from the previous literature with several books, articles and related studies, this paper proposes a theoretical framework. Previous research or relevant research is very important in a research or scientific article. Previous research or relevant research serves to strengthen the theory and phenomena of the relationship or influence between variables. This article reviews the factors that influence Information Systems in the academic field, namely: Software, Databases and Information Technology, a literature study on Information Systems Management. The purpose of writing this article is to build a hypothesis of the influence between...

Information Systems Journal

Tor Magnus T M L Larsen

Renée Pratt , Christopher Furner

The purpose of this paper is to classify the most cited papers in Management Information Systems (MIS) by theoretical perspective and subject area. The determination of the underlying theoretical perspective of these papers facilitates and verifies the dominance of positivist perspectives. Our analysis indicates that 74% of the most cited articles are positivist and 26% are interpretivist. The presence of a significant percentage of interpretive work suggests that differing theoretical perspectives are being considered relevant to solving the problems identified in the current research streams. Our results also indicated User Satisfaction and Instrument Development and Group Support Systems as the most cited articles subject areas, 16% and 14% respectively. The significance of these subject areas promotes and supports that systems is the foundation of MIS.

Relatively speaking, the field of information systems is still young, developing into a coherent field. This introduction to the minitrack is organized into the following four sections. The first section discusses three prerequisite conditions for MIS to become a coherent field of a study, as suggested by Keen (1980). 1.1 Clarifying reference disciplines 1.2 Building a cumulative research tradition 1.3 Defining the dependent variables The second section is concerned with the process by which an academic discipline becomes establishment. Once the prerequisite conditions for becoming a classic field of study have been met, a review of the major works of Kuhn (1970), Kaplan (1964), and Cushing (1990) describes the process by which an academic discipline becomes establishment in terms of the following steps: 2.1 Consensus building 2.2 Empirical studies 2.3 Articulation of Theories 2.4 Paradigm Building The third section overviews the current state of MIS research in terms of the prerequ...

JUSTIN GABRIEL

Abstract : Information has become an essential resource for managing modern organizations. This is so because today’s business environment is volatile, dynamic, turbulent and necessitates the burgeoning demand for accurate, relevant, complete, timely and economical i nformation needed to drive the decision - making process in order to accentuate organizational abilities to manage opportunities and threats . This paper is a reflection of amassed discourse available in literature concerning the nexus between management inf ormation systems – MIS and corporate decision - making. The paper suggests that a painstaking development and management of MIS in organizations is capable of triggering decisions that would not only be fast and accurate but would be in line with industry best practices and ultimately result in organizational efficiency and effectiveness.

Mahmoud Moussa, PhD

Employers at all levels, in all settings, are continually in search of information to develop decisions that can be supportive when facing complex, and unpredictable scenarios in the global market. Hence, information and information systems have become strategic tools in the hands of decision makers in today " s businesses. This paper is a presentation of the contemporary reality of information systems, and their influence in enhancing organizational performance. Further, the author identifies the types and levels of information systems available, and their fundamental purposes and roles, alongside the challenges and risks involved. Ultimately, practical implications for business leaders, and recommendations for further studies are provided.

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Journal of Management Information Systems Volumes and Issues

Volume 40 number 4 2023, volume 40 number 3 2023.

Special Section: Digital Strategies for Business Readiness Guest Editors: Kauffman, Robert J and Lahiri, Atanu

Volume 40 Number 2 2023

Volume 40 number 1 2023.

Special Issue: Information Systems, Artificial Intelligence, and Analytics to Support Value Creation in Communities and Organizations Guest Editors: de Vreede, Gert-Jan and Nunamaker, Jay F

Volume 39 Number 4 2022

Volume 39 number 3 2022.

Special Section: Reevaluating Markets for Information Guest Editors: Kauffman, Robert J and Weber, Thomas A

Volume 39 Number 2 2022

Volume 39 number 1 2022, volume 38 number 4 2021.

Special Issue: Fake News on the Internet Guest Editors: Dennis, Alan R , Galletta, Dennis F , and Webster, Jane

Volume 38 Number 3 2021

Special Section: Improving New Digital Market Mechanisms Guest Editors: Kauffman, Robert J and Weber, Thomas A

Volume 38 Number 2 2021

Special Section: Strategic Integration of Blockchain Technology into Organizations Guest Editors: Kohli, Rajiv and Liang, Ting-Peng

Volume 38 Number 1 2021

Volume 37 number 4 2020, volume 37 number 3 2020.

Special Section: The Economics of Sharing and Information Security Guest Editors: Kauffman, Robert J and Weber, Thomas A

Volume 37 Number 2 2020

Special Section: The Growing Complexity of Enterprise Software Guest Editors: Briggs, Robert O and Nunamaker, Jay F

Volume 37 Number 1 2020

Volume 36 number 4 2019.

Special Section: Social Influence and Networked Business Interaction Guest Editors: Kauffman, Robert J and Weber, Thomas A

Volume 36 Number 3 2019

Special Issue: Immersive Systems Guest Editors: Cavusoglu, Huseyin , Dennis, Alan R , and Parsons, Jeffrey

Volume 36 Number 2 2019

Volume 36 number 1 2019.

Special Section: Engineering Artifacts and Processes of Information Systems Guest Editors: Giboney, Justin S , Briggs, Robert , and Nunamaker, Jr., Jay

Volume 35 Number 4 2018

Volume 35 number 3 2018.

Special Section: The Digital Transformation of Vertical Organizational Relationships Guest Editors: Kauffman, Robert J and Weber, Thomas A

Special Section: The Transformative Value of Cloud Computing: A Decoupling, Platformization, and Recombination Theoretical Framework Guest Editors: Benlian, Alexander , Kettinger, William J , Sunyaev, Ali , and Winkler, Till J

Volume 35 Number 2 2018

Special Issue: Strategic Value of Big Data and Business Analytics Guest Editors: Chiang, Roger HL , Grover, Varun , Liang, Ting-Peng , and Zhang, Dongsong

Volume 35 Number 1 2018

Special Issue: Financial Information Systems and the Fintech Revolution Guest Editors: Gomber, Peter , Kauffman, Robert J , Parker, Chris , and Weber, Bruce W

Volume 34 Number 4 2017

Special Issue: Creating Social Value with Information Guest Editors: Giboney, Justin Scott , Briggs, Robert O , and Nunamaker Jr, Jay F

Volume 34 Number 3 2017

Special Issue: Action Research in Information Systems Guest Editors: Avison, David , Kock, Ned , and Malaurent, Julien

Volume 34 Number 2 2017

Special Section: Technological Innovations for Communication and Collaboration in Social Spaces Guest Editors: Clemons, Eric K , Dewan, Rajiv M , Kauffman, Robert J , and Weber, Thomas A

Volume 34 Number 1 2017

Volume 33 number 4 2016.

Special Issue: Designing Tools to Answer Great Information Systems Research Questions Guest Editors: Giboney, Justin Scott , Briggs, Robert O , and Nunamaker, Jay F

Volume 33 Number 3 2016

Volume 33 number 2 2016.

Special Section: When Machine Meets Society: Social Impacts of Information and Information Economics Guest Editors: Clemons, Eric K , Dewan, Rajiv M , Kauffman, Robert J , and Weber, Thomas A

Special Issue: Information Systems for Deception Detection Guest Editors: Nunamaker, Jay F , Burgoon, Judee K , and Giboney, Justin Scott

Volume 33 Number 1 2016

Volume 32 number 4 2015, volume 32 number 3 2015.

Special Issue: On the Contributions of Applied Science/Engineering Research to Information Systems Guest Editors: Briggs, Robert O , Nunamaker, Jay F , and Giboney, Justin S

Volume 32 Number 2 2015

Special Section: Online Social Connections: Efficiency Versus Regulation Guest Editors: Clemons, Eric K , Dewan, Rajiv M , Kauffman, Robert J , and Weber, Thomas A

Volume 32 Number 1 2015

Spring volume 31 number 4 2015.

Special Section: Cognitive Perspectives on Information Systems Guest Editors: Briggs, Robert O

Winter Volume 31 Number 3 2014

Special Section: IT-Enabled Social and Economic Transitions Guest Editors: Clemons, Eric K , Kauffman, Robert J , and Weber, Thomas A

Fall Volume 31 Number 2 2014

Special Issue: Economics of Electronic Commerce Guest Editors: Bapna, Ravi , Barua, Anitesh , and Whinston, Andrew B

Summer Volume 31 Number 1 2014

Special Section: IT Project Management Guest Editors: Jiang, James J and Klein, Gary

Special Section: Information Systems Support for Shared Understanding Guest Editors: Briggs, Robert O

Spring Volume 30 Number 4 2014

Special Issue: Neuroscience in Information Systems Research Guest Editors: Liang, Ting-Peng and vom Brocke, Jan

Winter Volume 30 Number 3 2013

Special Issue: Information Technology and Organizational Governance: The IT Governance Cube Guest Editors: Tiwana, Amrit , Konsynski, Benn , and Venkatraman, N

Fall Volume 30 Number 2 2013

Special Issue: Information Economics and Competitive Strategy Guest Editors: Clemons, Eric K , Goh, Kim Huat , Kauffman, Robert J , and Weber, Thomas A

Summer Volume 30 Number 1 2013

Spring volume 29 number 4 2013.

Special Issue: Multiple Dimensions of Value in Information Systems Guest Editors: Briggs, Robert O and Nunamaker Jr, Jay F

Winter Volume 29 Number 3 2012

Fall volume 29 number 2 2012.

Special Section: Information and Competitive Strategy in a Networked Economy Guest Editors: Kauffman, Robert J , Weber, Thomas A , and Wu, D J

Summer Volume 29 Number 1 2012

Spring volume 28 number 4 2012.

Special Section: Creating Value with Information Guest Editors: Briggs, Robert O and Nunamaker Jr, Jay F

Winter Volume 28 Number 3 2011

Fall volume 28 number 2 2011.

Special Section: Information and Technology: Understanding New Strategies for Firms, Networks, and Markets Guest Editors: Clemons, Eric K , Kauffman, Robert J , and Weber, Thomas A

Summer Volume 28 Number 1 2011

Special Section: Applied Science Research in Information Systems: The Last Research Mile Guest Editors: Briggs, Robert O , Nunamaker Jr, Jay F , and Sprague Jr, Ralph H

Spring Volume 27 Number 4 2011

Winter volume 27 number 3 2010, fall volume 27 number 2 2010, summer volume 27 number 1 2010.

Special Section: Social Aspects of Sociotechnical Systems Guest Editors: Briggs, Robert O , Nunamaker Jr, Jay F , and Sprague Jr, Ralph H

Spring Volume 26 Number 4 2010

Special Issue: Information Systems in Services Guest Editors: Bardhan, Indranil R , Demirkan, Haluk , Kannan, P K , and Kauffman, Robert J

Winter Volume 26 Number 3 2009

Fall volume 26 number 2 2009, summer volume 26 number 1 2009.

Special Section: Structure and Complexity in Sociotechnical Systems Guest Editors: Nunamaker Jr, Jay F , Sprague Jr, Ralph H , and Briggs, Robert O

Spring Volume 25 Number 4 2009

Winter volume 25 number 3 2008, fall volume 25 number 2 2008.

Special Issue: Impact of Information Systems on Market Structure and Function: Developing and Testing Theories Guest Editors: Clemons, Eric K , Kauffman, Robert J , and Dewan, Rajiv M

Summer Volume 25 Number 1 2008

Special Section: Online Coordination and Interaction Guest Editors: Briggs, Robert O , Nunamaker Jr, Jay F , and Sprague Jr, Ralph H

Spring Volume 24 Number 4 2008

Special Issue: Trust in Online Environments Guest Editors: Benbasat, Izak , Gefen, David , and Pavlou, Paul A

Winter Volume 24 Number 3 2007

Fall volume 24 number 2 2007.

Special Section: Applying Information Economics to Corporate Strategy Guest Editors: Clemons, Eric K , Dewan, Rajiv M , and Kauffman, Robert J

Summer Volume 24 Number 1 2007

Spring volume 23 number 4 2007.

Special Section: Global Perspectives on Information, Communication, and E-Commerce Guest Editors: Briggs, Robert O , Nunamaker Jr, Jay F , and Sprague Jr, Ralph H

Winter Volume 23 Number 3 2006

Special Section: Customer-Centric Information Systems Guest Editors: Ting-Peng, Liang and Tanniru, Mohan R

Fall Volume 23 Number 2 2006

Special Section: Digital Economy and Information Technology Value Guest Editors: Clemons, Eric K , Dewan, Rajiv M , and Kauffman, Robert J

Summer Volume 23 Number 1 2006

Spring volume 22 number 4 2006.

Special Issue: Crossing Boundaries in Information Systems Research Guest Editors: Briggs, Robert O , Nunamaker Jr, Jay F , and Sprague Jr, Ralph H

Winter Volume 22 Number 3 2005

Special Section: Human-Computer Interaction Research in Management Information Systems Guest Editors: Ping, Zhang , Fui-Hoon Nah, Fiona , and Benbasat, Izak

Fall Volume 22 Number 2 2005

Special Section: Information Systems in Competitive Strategies Guest Editors: Kauffman, Robert J , Clemons, Eric K , and Dewan, Rajiv M

Summer Volume 22 Number 1 2005

Spring volume 21 number 4 2005.

Special Section: Context-Driven Information Access and Deployment Guest Editors: Briggs, Robert O , De Vreede, Gert-Jan , Nunamaker Jr, Jay F , and Sprague Jr, Ralph H

Winter Volume 21 Number 3 2004

Fall volume 21 number 2 2004.

Special Issue: Competitive Strategy, Economics, and Information Systems Guest Editors: Clemons, Eric K , Dewan, Rajiv M , and Kauffman, Robert J

Summer Volume 21 Number 1 2004

Special Section: Measuring Business Value of Information Technology in E-Business Environments Guest Editors: Mahmood, M Adam , Kohli, Rajiv , and Devaraj, Sarv

Spring Volume 20 Number 4 2004

Special Issue: Information Systems Design--Theory and Methodology Guest Editors: Briggs, Robert O , Nunamaker Jr, Jay F , and Sprague Jr, Ralph H

Winter Volume 20 Number 3 2003

Special Section: Assuring Information Quality Guest Editors: Ballou, Donald , Madnick, Stuart E , and Wang, Richard

Fall Volume 20 Number 2 2003

Special Section: Information Systems, Electronic Commerce, and Economics: The Interdisciplinary Research Frontier Guest Editors: Kauffman, Robert J and Bin, Wang

Summer Volume 20 Number 1 2003

Spring volume 19 number 4 2003.

Special Issue: Information Systems Success Guest Editors: Briggs, Robert O , De Vreede, Gert-Jan , Nunamaker Jr, Jay F , and Sprague Jr, Ralph H

Winter Volume 19 Number 3 2002

Special Section: Competitive Strategy, Economics, and the Internet Guest Editors: Chircu, Alina M and Kauffman, Robert J

Fall Volume 19 Number 2 2002

Summer volume 19 number 1 2002.

Special Section: Enterprise Resource Planning Guest Editors: Ragowsky, Arik and Somers, Toni M

Spring Volume 18 Number 4 2002

Special Issue: Decision-Making and a Hierarchy of Understanding Guest Editors: Briggs, Robert O , De Vreede, Gert-Jan , Nunamaker Jr, Jay F , and Sprague Jr, Ralph H

Winter Volume 18 Number 3 2001

Fall volume 18 number 2 2001.

Special Section: Economics, Electronic Commerce and Competitive Strategy Guest Editors: Clemons, Eric K , Dewan, Rajiv M , and Kauffman, Robert J

Summer Volume 18 Number 1 2001

Special Issue: Knowledge Management Guest Editors: Davenport, Thomas H and Grover, Varun

Spring Volume 17 Number 4 2001

Winter volume 17 number 3 2000.

Special Issue: Enhancing Organizations' Intellectual Bandwidth: The Quest for Fast and Effective Value Creation Guest Editors: Nunamaker Jr, Jay F , Briggs, Robert O , De Vreede, Gert-Jan , and Sprague Jr, Ralph H

Fall Volume 17 Number 2 2000

Special Issue: Technology Strategy for Electronic Marketplaces Guest Editors: Clemons, Eric K and Yu-Ming, Wang

Summer Volume 17 Number 1 2000

Spring volume 16 number 4 2000.

Special Issue: Impacts of Information Technology Investment on Organizational Performance Guest Editors: Mahmood, M Adam and Mann, Gary J

Winter Volume 16 Number 3 1999

Special Section: Exploring the Outlands of the MIS Discipline Guest Editors: Briggs, Robert O , Nunamaker Jr, Jay F , and Sprague Jr, Ralph H

Fall Volume 16 Number 2 1999

Special Section: Strategic and Competitven Information Systems - Fall 1999 Guest Editors: Clemons, Eric K and Weber, Bruce W

Summer Volume 16 Number 1 1999

Special Section: Data Mining Guest Editors: Chung, H Michael and Gray, Paul

Spring Volume 15 Number 4 1999

Winter volume 15 number 3 1998, fall volume 15 number 2 1998, summer volume 15 number 1 1998, spring volume 14 number 4 1998, winter volume 14 number 3 1997.

Special Issue: 1001 Unanswered Research Questions in GSS Guest Editors: Briggs, Robert O , Nunamaker Jr, Jay F , and Sprague Jr, Ralph H

Fall Volume 14 Number 2 1997

Summer volume 14 number 1 1997.

Special Section: The Impacts of Business Process Change on Organizational Performance Guest Editors: Chatfield, Akemi Takeoka and Bjorn-Andersen, Niels

Spring Volume 13 Number 4 1997

Winter volume 13 number 3 1996.

Special Issue: Information Technology and Its Organizational Impact Guest Editors: Nunamaker Jr, Jay F and Briggs, Robert O

Fall Volume 13 Number 2 1996

Special Section: Strategic and Competitive Information Systems Guest Editors: Clemons, Eric K and Weber, Bruce W

Summer Volume 13 Number 1 1996

Spring volume 12 number 4 1996, winter volume 12 number 3 1995.

Special Issue: Information Technology and IT Organizational Impact Guest Editors: Nunamaker Jr, Jay F and Sprague Jr, Ralph H

Fall Volume 12 Number 2 1995

Special Section: Strategic and Competitive Information Systems Guest Editors: Clemons, Eric K and Row, Michael C

Summer Volume 12 Number 1 1995

Special Section: Toward a Theory of Business Process Change Management Guest Editors: Kettinger, William J and Grover, Varun

Spring Volume 11 Number 4 1995

Special Section: Navigation in Information-Intensive Environments Guest Editors: Isakowitz, Tomas and Bieber, Michael

Winter Volume 11 Number 3 1994

Special Section: Information Technology and IT Organizational Impact Guest Editors: Nunamaker Jr, Jay F and Sprague Jr, Ralph H

Fall Volume 11 Number 2 1994

Summer volume 11 number 1 1994, spring volume 10 number 4 1994.

Special Section: Information Technology and Organization Design Guest Editors: Baroudi, Jack J and Lucas Jr, Henry C

Winter Volume 10 Number 3 1993

Special Issue: Organizational Impact of Group Support Systems, Expert Systems, and Executive Information Systems Guest Editors: Nunamaker Jr, Jay F and Sprague Jr, Ralph H

Fall Volume 10 Number 2 1993

Summer volume 10 number 1 1993.

Special Section: Realizing Value from Information Technology Investment Guest Editors: Kauffman, Robert J and Mukhopadhyay, Tridas

Spring Volume 9 Number 4 1993

Special Section: Computer Personnel Research Guest Editors: Lederer, Albert L

Special Section: Research in Integrating Learning Capabilities into Information Systems Guest Editors: Ting-Peng, Liang

Winter Volume 9 Number 3 1992

Special Issue: Collaboration Technology, Modeling, and End-User Computing for the 1990s Guest Editors: Nunamaker Jr, Jay F and Sprague Jr, Ralph H

Fall Volume 9 Number 2 1992

Summer volume 9 number 1 1992, spring volume 8 number 4 1992, winter volume 8 number 3 1991.

Special Issue: Decision Support Systems for Teams, Groups, and Organizations Guest Editors: Nunamaker Jr, Jay F

Fall Volume 8 Number 2 1991

Summer volume 8 number 1 1991, spring volume 7 number 4 1991, winter volume 7 number 3 1990.

Special Issue: Management Support Systems Guest Editors: Nunamaker Jr, Jay F

Fall Volume 7 Number 2 1990

Special Section: Competitive and Strategic Value of Information Technology Guest Editors: Clemons, Eric K

Summer Volume 7 Number 1 1990

Spring volume 6 number 4 1990, winter volume 6 number 3 1989, fall volume 6 number 2 1989, summer volume 6 number 1 1989, spring volume 5 number 4 1989, winter volume 5 number 3 1988, fall volume 5 number 2 1988, summer volume 5 number 1 1988, spring volume 4 number 4 1988, winter volume 4 number 3 1987, fall volume 4 number 2 1987, summer volume 4 number 1 1987, spring volume 3 number 4 1987, winter volume 3 number 3 1986, fall volume 3 number 2 1986, summer volume 3 number 1 1986, spring volume 2 number 4 1986, winter volume 2 number 3 1985, fall volume 2 number 2 1985, summer volume 2 number 1 1985, spring volume 1 number 4 1985, winter volume 1 number 3 1984.

Special Issue: Information System Design and Development Guest Editors: Weldon, Jay-Louise

Fall Volume 1 Number 2 1984

Summer volume 1 number 1 1984.

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Management Information Systems: Articles & Journals

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Find journal articles and other resources in research databases about the business aspects of MIS.

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Primarily full text case studies, statistical data, news articles, journal articles, and topical reference materials organized by company, industry, and country; includes SWOT reports

• Plunkett Research This link opens in a new window Analyzes industry trends, including finances, markets, technologies, deregulation, research/development and globalization; also includes industry statistics, company profiles, glossaries, and more

Find journal articles and other resources in research databases about the human & psychological aspects of MIS.

Full text (sometimes delayed for six months or more) for approximately 400 journals in psychology and related fields

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A peer-reviewed (or refereed ) journal:

• uses  experts from the same subject field or profession as the author to evaluate a manuscript prior to acceptance for publication
• has articles that report on research studies or provide scholarly analysis of topics
• may include book reviews, editorials, or other brief items that are not considered scholarly articles
• Anatomy of a Scholarly Article Explains key elements from the first & last page of a typical scholarly or academic article. North Carolina State Univ. Libraries

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• AISeL (Association for Information Systems Electronic Library) Repository for the ICIS, AMCIS, ECIS, PACIS, BLED, ACIS and MWAIS conference proceedings. Current AIS members can access the full text of all articles. Others can see indexing and selected tables of contents.
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How to Write an Article Review (With Examples)

Last Updated: April 24, 2024 Fact Checked

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Writing the article review, sample article reviews, expert q&a.

This article was co-authored by Jake Adams . Jake Adams is an academic tutor and the owner of Simplifi EDU, a Santa Monica, California based online tutoring business offering learning resources and online tutors for academic subjects K-College, SAT & ACT prep, and college admissions applications. With over 14 years of professional tutoring experience, Jake is dedicated to providing his clients the very best online tutoring experience and access to a network of excellent undergraduate and graduate-level tutors from top colleges all over the nation. Jake holds a BS in International Business and Marketing from Pepperdine University. There are 12 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 3,101,737 times.

An article review is both a summary and an evaluation of another writer's article. Teachers often assign article reviews to introduce students to the work of experts in the field. Experts also are often asked to review the work of other professionals. Understanding the main points and arguments of the article is essential for an accurate summation. Logical evaluation of the article's main theme, supporting arguments, and implications for further research is an important element of a review . Here are a few guidelines for writing an article review.

Education specialist Alexander Peterman recommends: "In the case of a review, your objective should be to reflect on the effectiveness of what has already been written, rather than writing to inform your audience about a subject."

Article Review 101

• Read the article very closely, and then take time to reflect on your evaluation. Consider whether the article effectively achieves what it set out to.
• Write out a full article review by completing your intro, summary, evaluation, and conclusion. Don't forget to add a title, too!
• Proofread your review for mistakes (like grammar and usage), while also cutting down on needless information.

• Article reviews present more than just an opinion. You will engage with the text to create a response to the scholarly writer's ideas. You will respond to and use ideas, theories, and research from your studies. Your critique of the article will be based on proof and your own thoughtful reasoning.
• An article review only responds to the author's research. It typically does not provide any new research. However, if you are correcting misleading or otherwise incorrect points, some new data may be presented.
• An article review both summarizes and evaluates the article.

• Summarize the article. Focus on the important points, claims, and information.
• Discuss the positive aspects of the article. Think about what the author does well, good points she makes, and insightful observations.
• Identify contradictions, gaps, and inconsistencies in the text. Determine if there is enough data or research included to support the author's claims. Find any unanswered questions left in the article.

• Make note of words or issues you don't understand and questions you have.
• Look up terms or concepts you are unfamiliar with, so you can fully understand the article. Read about concepts in-depth to make sure you understand their full context.

• Pay careful attention to the meaning of the article. Make sure you fully understand the article. The only way to write a good article review is to understand the article.

• With either method, make an outline of the main points made in the article and the supporting research or arguments. It is strictly a restatement of the main points of the article and does not include your opinions.
• After putting the article in your own words, decide which parts of the article you want to discuss in your review. You can focus on the theoretical approach, the content, the presentation or interpretation of evidence, or the style. You will always discuss the main issues of the article, but you can sometimes also focus on certain aspects. This comes in handy if you want to focus the review towards the content of a course.
• Review the summary outline to eliminate unnecessary items. Erase or cross out the less important arguments or supplemental information. Your revised summary can serve as the basis for the summary you provide at the beginning of your review.

• What does the article set out to do?
• What is the theoretical framework or assumptions?
• Are the central concepts clearly defined?
• How adequate is the evidence?
• How does the article fit into the literature and field?
• Does it advance the knowledge of the subject?
• How clear is the author's writing? Don't: include superficial opinions or your personal reaction. Do: pay attention to your biases, so you can overcome them.

• For example, in MLA , a citation may look like: Duvall, John N. "The (Super)Marketplace of Images: Television as Unmediated Mediation in DeLillo's White Noise ." Arizona Quarterly 50.3 (1994): 127-53. Print. [9] X Trustworthy Source Purdue Online Writing Lab Trusted resource for writing and citation guidelines Go to source

• For example: The article, "Condom use will increase the spread of AIDS," was written by Anthony Zimmerman, a Catholic priest.

• Your introduction should only be 10-25% of your review.
• End the introduction with your thesis. Your thesis should address the above issues. For example: Although the author has some good points, his article is biased and contains some misinterpretation of data from others’ analysis of the effectiveness of the condom.

• Use direct quotes from the author sparingly.
• Review the summary you have written. Read over your summary many times to ensure that your words are an accurate description of the author's article.

• Support your critique with evidence from the article or other texts.
• The summary portion is very important for your critique. You must make the author's argument clear in the summary section for your evaluation to make sense.
• Remember, this is not where you say if you liked the article or not. You are assessing the significance and relevance of the article.
• Use a topic sentence and supportive arguments for each opinion. For example, you might address a particular strength in the first sentence of the opinion section, followed by several sentences elaborating on the significance of the point.

• This should only be about 10% of your overall essay.
• For example: This critical review has evaluated the article "Condom use will increase the spread of AIDS" by Anthony Zimmerman. The arguments in the article show the presence of bias, prejudice, argumentative writing without supporting details, and misinformation. These points weaken the author’s arguments and reduce his credibility.

• Make sure you have identified and discussed the 3-4 key issues in the article.

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://libguides.cmich.edu/writinghelp/articlereview
• ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4548566/
• ↑ Jake Adams. Academic Tutor & Test Prep Specialist. Expert Interview. 24 July 2020.
• ↑ https://guides.library.queensu.ca/introduction-research/writing/critical
• ↑ https://www.iup.edu/writingcenter/writing-resources/organization-and-structure/creating-an-outline.html
• ↑ https://writing.umn.edu/sws/assets/pdf/quicktips/titles.pdf
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_works_cited_periodicals.html
• ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4548565/
• ↑ https://writingcenter.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/593/2014/06/How_to_Summarize_a_Research_Article1.pdf
• ↑ https://www.uis.edu/learning-hub/writing-resources/handouts/learning-hub/how-to-review-a-journal-article
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/editing-and-proofreading/

About This Article

If you have to write an article review, read through the original article closely, taking notes and highlighting important sections as you read. Next, rewrite the article in your own words, either in a long paragraph or as an outline. Open your article review by citing the article, then write an introduction which states the article’s thesis. Next, summarize the article, followed by your opinion about whether the article was clear, thorough, and useful. Finish with a paragraph that summarizes the main points of the article and your opinions. To learn more about what to include in your personal critique of the article, keep reading the article! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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• Management Information System

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The Miss USA pageant can't escape controversy. Here's a timeline of all the drama.

• The Miss USA and Miss Universe organizations can't seem to escape controversy. 
• It all began when contestants claimed Miss USA 2022 was rigged in favor of R'Bonney Gabriel. 
• Here's the full timeline, including the recent resignations of Miss USA and Miss Teen USA.

When R'Bonney Gabriel won Miss USA 2022 and the contestants didn't rush over to hug and congratulate her onstage, many pageant fans wondered if something was amiss. A day later, the rigging allegations came flooding in — and Miss USA and Miss Universe organizations have been consumed with chaos ever since. 

A president was suspended, a sexual harassment scandal was uncovered, and both organizations' top leaders changed amid all the drama.

The controversy hasn't slowed down since. This week, Miss USA 2023 Noelia Voigt and Miss Teen USA 2023 UmaSofia Srivastava both gave up their crowns. 

Here's everything that's happened during the pageant's controversial years.

R'Bonney Gabriel won Miss USA on October 3, 2022.

Gabriel — a fashion designer from Houston — made history as the first Filipino American to take home the crown.

She was also the first Miss Texas to win the competition since Crystle Stewart, who won Miss USA in 1998 and became president of the organization in 2020. 

On October 4, Miss USA 2022 contestants went public with their claims that the pageant had been rigged.

Contestants from the 2022 class began posting various Instagram stories or TikToks saying they had "never stood a chance," were "heartbroken" about their experience, and felt like they'd been used "as puppets and props." 

"A lot of the girls felt like it was the organization's plan from the beginning for R'Bonney to win, no matter who else was competing," Miss Missouri Mikala McGhee told Business Insider at the time.

Many of the contestants began posting their allegations after seeing an Instagram video Gabriel made for a Miss USA national sponsor.

Business Insider spoke to many of the 2022 contestants , who pointed to what they said were multiple conflicts of interest between Gabriel and Miss USA's national sponsors — including Miss Academy, the pageant school owned by Stewart, as well as the med spa Mia Beauté and the Nizuc Resort in Cancún. 

The day after Gabriel won Miss USA, a promotional video of her receiving treatments at Mia Beauté's spa at Nizuc was posted on the resort's Instagram page.

View this post on Instagram A post shared by NIZUC Resort & Spa (@nizucresort)

The 2022 contestants were confused because Miss USA had held a weeklong retreat for their class at the resort in the last week of June 2022, but Gabriel and Miss Colorado Alexis Glover weren't in attendance because they hadn't won their respective state pageants yet. 

While the video showed Gabriel on a solo trip to the Mexican resort, sources told BI that Glover was never offered the same opportunity, raising questions about Gabriel having an unfair advantage with the two sponsors.

Miss USA contestants told BI they believed the video was proof that Gabriel was receiving favorable treatment from sponsors and had possibly already been "chosen" to win the Miss USA pageant. It also had contestants questioning why the Miss USA organization allowed Gabriel to work so closely with a major sponsor just weeks before the competition.

"After that video was released, it was very evident that something was not right," McGhee said. "That was the first moment I really thought, 'Wow, we just got played. Big time.'"

In an interview on October 6, 2022, Gabriel defended herself against the rigging allegations.

"I would never enter any pageant or any competition that I know I would win, I have a lot of integrity," she said during an appearance on "The Rundown."

"I want to be transparent," she added. "And I want everybody to know that there was no unfair advantage and nothing was rigged." 

Gabriel also noted during the interview that she had paid for her own flight to the Nizuc resort and shot the video while she was Miss Texas. 

Two days later, the Miss Universe Organization launched a third-party investigation and suspended Miss USA president Crystle Stewart.

After the Miss Universe Organization held a town hall with the 2022 contestants, then-CEO Amy Emmerich and then-president Paula Shugart informed the women that Stewart had been suspended indefinitely. 

A day before her suspension, Stewart told BI in a statement that the "fairness of the pageant and the well-being of each and every contestant" was a top priority. 

"The allegations against the Miss USA Organization are misleading and against everything I stand for personally and professionally," she said. "As a former titleholder, I learned firsthand the importance of a fair and unbiased pageant competition and I respect the voices of the Class of 2022 and every woman's right to have their voice heard."

That month it was also revealed that Stewart's husband had been accused of sexual harassment by former Miss USA contestants.

As Miss USA became headline news, it was revealed that Max Sebrechts had stepped down as vice president of Miss USA after multiple contestants from the 2021 pageant said he sexually harassed them during the competition. One of those contestants was Miss Michigan 2021 Taylor Hale, who went on to win "Big Brother." 

In a statement sent to BI in October 2022, a spokesperson for Miss Universe said the organization was made aware of the allegations against Sebrechts in late December 2021 and "immediately requested a review." 

"The Miss USA franchisee, Miss Brand, removed the employee from its organization in January 2022 and new protocols and processes were established and put in place," they added. 

BI obtained a letter sent to the 2021 contestants informing them that Sebrechts was stepping down as vice president in January 2022. The letter said Sebrechts was "focusing his efforts on other business ventures" and did not mention the allegations. 

Sebrechts denied the allegations to BI. A source close to Stewart confirmed to BI that she and Sebrechts have since separated. 

On October 26, 2022, it was announced that the Miss Universe Organization had been sold to businesswoman Anne Jakapong Jakrajutatip.

Jakrajutatip announced that her Thailand-based company, JKN Global Group, purchased the Miss Universe Organization from IMG for $20 million.

She became the first woman to own Miss Universe , the organization confirmed to BI. 

Amid all the controversy and change, Gabriel was trying to prepare for Miss Universe.

Gabriel told BI during an interview in January 2023 that the rigging allegations were a "huge distraction."   

"The hardest part was I felt like I didn't have a voice at times as Miss USA," she said. "I wanted to stand up for myself and say, 'Hey, this is false. This is very frustrating.' But I wanted to compose myself and carry this with grace because I was in the public eye. I wanted to show people how you can push back from adversity and be resilient." 

While her Miss USA reign was full of difficult moments, Gabriel said she believes it made her "become even stronger."

"I was definitely not expecting it, and there were days I felt low," she said. "I felt very delayed in my process a lot of the time, but I had Miss Universe always on my mind."

On January 14, 2023, Gabriel won Miss Universe.

Gabriel was named the winner during the 71st Miss Universe pageant in New Orleans. She was the first American to win the crown in a decade. 

The pageant queen told BI that her Miss Universe win was the "sweetest victory," and she hoped it proved that she deserved to win Miss USA as well. 

"This is a strong message that I want to share with the world," Gabriel said. "No matter if people try to knock you down or there are misconceptions about you, you can't let that get to you, just keep going and you'll get what you deserve."

Two weeks later, Morgan Romano assumed the title of Miss USA 2022.

Romano, a chemical engineer who represented North Carolina, had placed first runner-up at Miss USA 2022. After Gabriel was named Miss Universe, Romano took over the title. 

Gabriel crowned Romano at a ceremony during the preliminary competition of Miss Alabama USA 2023. 

On August 1, 2023, the Miss Universe Organization announced it had found the rigging allegations were "false" but that Stewart would no longer be president of Miss USA.

The Miss Universe Organization thanked Stewart and her company, Miss Brand, for "their unwavering cooperation and transparency" throughout the investigation. 

But, the statement continued, the Miss Universe Organization and Stewart "were unable to reach an agreement as to Crystle and Miss Brand's continuing involvement with Miss USA and the Miss Universe Organization." 

"Crystle has decided to leverage the success she has had with the Miss USA Organization to pursue other entrepreneurial passions," the statement read. "We wish Crystle, and her team at Miss Brand, all the best and have no doubt that she will excel in this next chapter." 

Hours later, Laylah Rose was announced as the next Miss USA president.

Ahead of the 2023 pageant, BI sat down with Rose, a fashion designer and CEO of the VIP Pageantry television network, to talk about her new role. She revealed three big changes that would be coming to Miss USA , including a new scoring system. Rose revealed that the interview would make up 50% of the contestants' total score, while the swimsuit and evening-gown rounds would be 25%.

Rose said the final question would also no longer involve politics. 

"The final question is going to be really catered to them as an individual. It won't be a political question," Rose said. "I want to highlight them as individuals, and I really want them to shine within themselves and who they are." 

Noelia Voigt was crowned Miss USA 2023 on September 29 in Reno, Nevada.

Voigt became the first Venezuelan American to win Miss USA  after she was crowned at the Grand Sierra Resort and Casino in Reno, Nevada. She was also the first  Miss Utah  to win the title since 1960.

A seasoned pageant queen who began competing at 16, Voigt told BI at the time that she had placed first runner-up three times before making it to the national Miss USA stage. 

"It could have been very easy for me, all those times getting first runner-up, to just say, 'I can't do this anymore, I'm so frustrated,'" she said. "But instead, every time I got first runner-up, it was more fuel to the fire for me to keep on going."

The day before Voigt was crowned, UmaSofia Srivastava was crowned Miss Teen USA 2023. 

A week before Miss Universe 2023, the financial woes of Jakrajutatip's company came to light.

On November 9, 2033, the Thai bankruptcy court accepted a petition for "business rehabilitation" from JKN Global Group. 

JKN had missed a payment on a multimillion-dollar loan in September, revealing in a letter to the stock-exchange president that "the financial liquidity management of the company is not in line with the expected forecast." 

During the Miss Universe competition, Paula Shugart announced she was stepping down as president after 23 years.

Shugart said her decision had been "months in the making" and was not due to the recent news about JKN Global. 

But she hinted that there had been trouble at the company with her speech as she told the audience: "I have always passionately believed Miss Universe is not about any one woman." 

"If I can leave you with anything, what I have learned as president is there is a critical difference between declaring the words 'transformational leadership' and being a real transformational leader," Shugart continued.

"Transformational leadership is not about one person," she said. "It can and it must be empathetic, beyond self-interest. It can and it must be committed to building confidence through inspiration and teamwork, not insecurity and chaos. It can and it must be about motivation, not denigration."

Shugart concluded by saying leadership must be about "honesty, respect, integrity, and living by your word." 

"One cannot just talk the talk, one must walk the walk," she said. "And that is my message today." 

On May 6, Noelia Voigt announced she was stepping down as Miss USA.

Voigt said she was relinquishing the Miss USA crown to focus on her mental health. 

"I realize this may come as a large shock to many," she wrote in an Instagram statement. "Never compromise your physical and mental well-being. Our health is our wealth. A million thank you's to all of you for your constant and unwavering support. Time to write the next chapter. I hope you'll stick around to see what's next."

View this post on Instagram A post shared by Noelia Voigt (@noeliavoigt)

In a statement sent to BI, a spokesperson for the Miss USA organization said it supported Voigt's decision to step down.

"The well-being of our titleholders is a top priority, and we understand her need to prioritize herself at this time," the statement read. "The organization is currently reviewing plans for the transition of responsibilities to a successor and an announcement regarding the crowning of the new Miss USA will be coming soon."

Two days later, Miss Teen USA UmaSofia Srivastava resigned as well.

In a statement shared on  Instagram , Srivastava said she had been "grappling with this decision for months" and was resigning "as I find that my personal values no longer fully align with the direction of the organization." 

"I look forward to the rest of the year as I finish 11th grade as part of the National Honor Society and start the college application process," she added. "Thank you to those who support me for who I am and have always been, not for who I've momentarily become."

Both Srivastava and Voigt resigned just days after Claudia Michelle quit as the social-media director for the Miss USA organization. She cited the organization's treatment of both titleholders as one of the reasons she decided to resign.

"I don't believe in taking sides. I believe in telling the truth," Michelle wrote on Instagram . "I believe Noelia and Uma's mental health and happiness has taken a toll and I cannot remain silent about that."

Miss USA CEO and president Laylah Rose told BI in a statement on Wednesday that "our all-encompassing goal at Miss USA is to celebrate and empower women."

"All along, my personal goal as the head of this organization has been to inspire women to always create new dreams, have the courage to explore it all, and continue to preserve integrity along the way," Rose said. "I hold myself to these same high standards and I take these allegations seriously. Please be assured that the well-being of all individuals associated with Miss USA is my top priority."

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‘True West,’ but with pregnant sisters

“Problems Between Sisters” at Studio Theatre is part of Julia May Jonas’s series revisiting the canonical works of male playwrights.

Women are mooing aggressively for the camera as part of a performance piece at Studio Theatre these days, but no, it’s not part of some intimate revival of “Rent.” Though just as that landmark musical rebooted a Golden Age opera for the 1990s, the world-premiere play in question is a modern riff on a vintage classic.

Two siblings, one a diligent but unfussy artistic type and one verging on the criminally insane, occupy an older relative’s real estate as the former struggles to finish and sell a project — before personality clashes and the latter’s raw charisma upend the status quo and derail the creative process. If that sounds rather like Sam Shepard’s “ True West ,” it’s because Julia May Jonas’s “Problems Between Sisters” specifically appreciates and attacks that canonical drama, inverting and interrogating its distinctly toxic hypermasculine energy and reframing its events as a crisis between competitive sisters rather than competitive brothers.

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Competitively pregnant sisters, even, which is how, via a video-art project framing women as breeding animals, we get to the stylized mooing. It’s a surreal moment in a drama rooted almost too firmly in angry American realism — a moment staged viscerally enough in Sivan Battat’s handsome Studio production to set an audience back on its collective heels.

There are a couple of these wildly intense leave-the-body moments in “Problems Between Sisters,” actually, and the loopiest one, involving the sisters’ Aunt Barb, feels like it was written for the beloved Nancy Robinette. An analogue for the distant Mom who arrives just in time to witness the brothers’ cataclysmic final blowup in Shepard’s iconic original, the character joins the warring sisters of “Problems” for an 11 o’clock speech involving a particularly arcane recipe for a home-brew cleaning product. It’s a speech as knotty and eccentric as any this specialist in cross-eyed oddballs has been asked to deliver, and she sails through it, I’m delighted to report, as naturally as lesser mortals would recite a telephone number.

Would that everything about Battat’s staging and Jonas’s admirable experiment — “Problems” is part of a five-play set that re-envisions essential dramas from the Big Man playwrights of American theater, from Miller to Mamet — felt as effortless and on point, but then, first productions often feel a bit like shakedown cruises. A bobbled line or three and a technical miscue or two broke the story’s spell at Sunday afternoon’s press performance, but that sort of thing sorts itself out. I had more trouble with systemic dynamics: enervated physical fights (choreographed by Ashleigh King) for the sisters, and an unbalanced energy between lead actors Stephanie Janssen (as Jess, the play’s urbane visual-artist version of Shepard’s screenwriter character) and Annie Fox (as the near-feral younger interloper Rory). The latter character is the more dangerous and volatile, yes, but Battat and Fox seem to have interpreted that primarily as coarser and louder, which gets draining after a point.

What does come through convincingly is the sense that some incomprehensible connection ties these fractious women together, even during their angriest moments. Jonas understands what strangers siblings divided by a decade in age can grow up to become, how their different experiences of family and parenting can become distancing, even alienating forces. And yet shared roots, shared blood and, yes, shared heritable traits and traumas are powerful bonds, both in the “cementing” and the “restricting” senses of that pungent little word. Shepard’s original and Jonas’s potently feminine/feminist remix derive substantial punch from that eternally complicated truth.

Problems Between Sisters , through June 16 at Studio Theatre in Washington. About 1 hour 40 minutes including intermission. studiotheatre.org .

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The Scrappy World War II Pilots Who Took Flight for a Perilous Mission

In the riveting “Skies of Thunder,” Caroline Alexander considers what it took to get supplies to Allied ground troops in China.

By Elizabeth D. Samet

Elizabeth D. Samet is the author of “Looking for the Good War: American Amnesia and the Violent Pursuit of Happiness.”

SKIES OF THUNDER: The Deadly World War II Mission Over the Roof of the World, by Caroline Alexander

“You and your outfit have been assigned one of the most important military missions ever given to American soldiers — the task of driving the Japanese back to Tokyo.”

So begins “ A Pocket Guide to India ,” prepared for World War II service members in the western base section of the China-Burma-India Theater, commonly known as the C.B.I. “India is a strange, colorful land,” the guide continues. “If you exercise a normal amount of curiosity you’ll learn much that is fascinating; much that will enable you to begin stories to your children or grandchildren in later years, ‘Now, when I was in India. …’”

If the guide seems to protest too much, perhaps that’s because the C.B.I. was, as Caroline Alexander explains in her riveting new book, “Skies of Thunder,” under-resourced, improvisational and rife with smugglers, its actual purpose murkier than its symbolic value. It was the war’s “most chaotic theater,” she writes, marked by “competing interests, and contradictions that exposed the fault lines between the Allies.” To some stationed there, C.B.I. stood for “Confusion Beyond Imagination.”

My father, who served as an air traffic controller in the C.B.I., didn’t recall reading the “Pocket Guide,” but he did tell me stories of working in Delhi and Agra, a vital supply depot and service point, and traveling to various locations to lay radio-range beacons. The main point of these activities, he explained, was to enable pilots to fly supplies over the Himalayas to China. While it was always easy for me to picture my father in his control tower, those flights over the mountains remained mysterious until I read Alexander’s vivid account.

Alexander, the author of books on Shackleton’s Endurance expedition and the fateful voyage of the Bounty , begins with the Allied loss of Burma to the Japanese in April 1942, which sealed off the ground supply corridor from India to China and led to the opening of an “aerial Burma Road.” This treacherous route, known as “the Hump,” supplied Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist government and Allied troops, including the 14th Air Force , commanded by the flamboyant Claire Chennault.

Alexander casts her story as an “epic,” yet it is one in which the actors suffer like Job more often than they fight like Achilles. There are stirring episodes of British sang-froid, “American-style glamour” and remarkable courage among the region’s remote tribal peoples, but it is perseverance that assumes heroic proportions: refugees escaping through the Burmese jungle; soldiers and local laborers hacking through that same jungle to build a new road; Assam airfield personnel living in squalor, seared by the sun, swamped by monsoons, but most of all shrouded in a “miasma of cynical indifference.” What unites this book with the author’s previous work is a fascination with human behavior in extremis.

While Alexander devotes considerable space to strategic and political issues, her interest lies primarily in the vicissitudes of individual human personality. In places she represents the theater’s dysfunction as a tragicomedy of failed relationships at the highest levels of command: between the mercurial Chiang Kai-shek and the American Joseph Stilwell, the theater’s irascible, insecure commanding general; between Stilwell and the unscrupulous, self-aggrandizing Chennault; between Stilwell and the British allies he loathed.

Alexander’s gift for dramatizing these personal animosities occasionally produces seductive yet oversimplified biographical explanations of historical problems, a mode E.H. Carr described as “the Bad King John theory of history.”

Ultimately, and rightly, the pilots — intrepid as “sailors of old” crossing “unknown oceans” — are the core of the book. Demeaned as “Hump drivers,” ostensible noncombatants at the bottom of the aviation hierarchy, they flew an inadequately charted route over baffling terrain, its surreality intensified by their frequent refusal to wear oxygen masks.

Alexander adroitly explicates technical concepts — flight mechanics, de-icing, night vision — but is at her best rendering pilots’ fear. Besides terrain, its sources included weather, enemy aircraft, insufficient training, night missions and “short rations of fuel” on the return leg. At least a pilot could depend on his plane, the beloved Douglas C-47 Skytrain, until the introduction of unreliable or unsound higher-capacity models turned the machines themselves into another source of terror.

Readers thrilled by sagas of flight will marvel at the logistics required to transport a stunning 650,000 tons of cargo by air, the audacity required to fly the Hump, the search-and-rescue operations necessitated by its hazards and the experimental use of aviation involved in the Allied recapture of Burma in 1944.

They will also have to reckon with Alexander’s hard-nosed conclusions about the C.B.I. Others who have chronicled its history concentrated on the strategic merits of this deeply imperfect theater, or celebrated its pioneering use of air power.

The image that dominates the end of Alexander’s epic is “the aluminum trail” of wreckage — “the hundreds of crashed aircraft that still lie undiscovered in the jungles, valleys and fractured ranges beneath the Hump’s old route.”

SKIES OF THUNDER : The Deadly World War II Mission Over the Roof of the World | By Caroline Alexander | Viking | 496 pp. | $32