essay about india post

Essay on Indian Postal Services

In this essay we will discuss about Indian Postal Services. After reading this essay you will learn about: 1. Su bject-Matter on Indian Postal Services 2. Other Major Initiatives.

Essay # Su bject-Matter on Indian Postal Services:

Postal services is the cheapest mode of communication. India postal services have been growing over the years. The country is at present maintaining the largest network of post offices in the world with its total number of 1.55 lakh at the end of March, 2008, of which more than 1.39 lakh are in rural areas, which ranks first in the world.

At present, a post office covered on an average area of 21.16 sq km and a population of 6,623.

The long term objective is to locate a post office within 3 km of every village. During the Eighth Plan (1992-97), the Postal Department opened 500 Departmental sub-offices and 3000 extra-Departmental Branch Offices. The main thrust areas in the Eighth Plan were computerization and associated networks for electronic mail, money transfer, mechanical sorting, quality stamps and seals.

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During the Eighth Five Year Plan, 1546 extra departmental post offices and 466 departmental sub post offices have been opened. The Department of Post is accelerating its efforts to extend basic postal facilities on a contractual basis by utilizing the existing infrastructure of Panchayats in these areas.

The Panchayat Sanchar Sewa Scheme, formulated in this regard, can reduce dependence on budgetary resources for expanding postal facilities by needy areas and generate employment opportunities in such areas. Up to 31st March, 1997, 570 Panchayat Sanchar Sewa Kendras have been set up.

On 1st August 1986, the Postal Department introduced “Speed Post” services from 6 centres and later on the service has been extended to many centres. The speed post service has proved its efficiency both in respect of its quality service and earnings.

New Mail paradigm:

The mail profile in India Post has changed substantially with increase in volume of mail in Business-to-Customer and Business-to-Business segments. In line with this, India Post has leased three dedicated freighter aircraft for carriage of mail, parcel and logistics to and from the North-Eastern region operating six days a week on the Kolkata-Guwahati-Imphal-Agartala-Kolkata route and the metro cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and Bangalore with Nagpur serving as the mail exchange hub.

India Post has also set up 162 Mail Business Centres and plans to set up Automatic Mail Processing System at Delhi, Kolkata, Hyderabad and Bengaluru and upgrade the existing ones at Mumbai and Chennai. The Postal Department has formulated the Panchayat Dak Sewa Scheme for providing basic postal facilities on a contractual basis by utilizing the existing infrastructure of Panchayats in these areas.

This scheme has the twin advantage of reducing dependence on budgetary resources for expanding postal facilities to needy areas and generating employment opportunities in such areas.

Considering the rapid changes in information and communication technology, the Department of Posts has given a new thrust to its programme of modernisation for. providing new value added services to customers.

During 1994-95. Metro Channel Service linking the six metros, the Rajdhani Channel linking Delhi with most of the State Capitals, a Business Channel with exclusive treatment to pin coded business mail, Hybrid Mail Service through electronic devices and Satellite Money Order Services have been introduced.

IT Induction:

Rapid introduction of information technology has not only changed the way post offices do business the world over, but also the business they do. While technology has enabled India post to add value to its traditional postal activities like mail processing, tracing and tracking of consignment etc. it has also offered new opportunities for introduction of various IT-enabled services like money transfer both domestic and international – electronic payment of the bills of various services providers and collection of fees.

At present 8,263 computerized post offices in the country serve as an IT backbone of the department. The Eleventh Flan has set the target to computerize the rest of the 17,878 departmental post offices, besides computerizing 64,000 selected branch post offices in the rural areas. 1,318 post offices/administrative offices were networked with the National Data Centre in Delhi by 2008.

The strong IT base would enable India Post to provide additional value-added services besides providing anywhere-anytime banking. The Post Office Savings Bank is the largest savings bank in the country in terms of network and having more than 16.43 crore accounts with deposits amounting to Rs 3,23,842.58 crore as on 31st March 2006.

Out of a total of 25.531 departmental post offices, 12,604 have been computerized. So far 1,304 post offices have been networked through leased lines with the National Data Centre. Further, 5,170 post offices have been networked through broadband.

The strong IT base has enabled Indian Post to offer a range of e-enabled services such as electronic Money Order (eMO), e-payment and instant Money Order (iMO) to customers. India post is planning to computerise and network all its post offices in the next two years.

Essay # Other Major Initiatives :

In August 2007, India post launched its Logistics Post Air by introducing first freighter aircraft connecting Kolkata-Guwahati-Imphal-Agartala to expedite the delivery of mail and parcels in the North Eastern States. India Post has also made alliance with State Bank of India. The alliance with the SBI has provided India Post an opportunity to play a more meaningful role in the national effort to expand coverage of rural banking.

Rural Postal network of India Post has also emerged as an effective delivery mechanism for the Central and the State Government Schemes and Services. The IT-enabled network of the India Post has been successfully utilised for disbursement of wages to the rural beneficiaries of NREGA scheme in 19 districts of Andhra Pradesh and in all 22 districts of Jharkhand.

The scheme is also operative in other states as Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal. Moreover, Instant Money Order (iMO) service of India Post, which is available at 560 Post Offices, has revolutionaries money transfer in the country. It is a web based online domestic transfer in the country.

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Postal History of India

Last updated on December 23, 2023 by ClearIAS Team

The postal history of India is strongly related to its intricate political history. Portuguese, Dutch, French, Danish, and British colonialists coexisted with their postal systems among other systems and rules as they rose to power in India. Read here to learn the postal history of India.

Department of Posts has transformed itself with the passage of time and the demands of the public.

Technology induction and the addition of new services have made India Post a modern and multiple service provider.

Today, it provides banking, insurance, and the last-mile delivery of benefits of several welfare schemes run by the Government to every village through its network of 1.59 lakh Post Offices.

The history of postal service in India dates back to ancient times before a special department was set up for postal services by the British.

Table of Contents

Before the British, there was mention of messenger services used by kings to pass messages.

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1296: Horse and foot postal system during the rule of Allauddin Khilji.
1341: Ibn Battuta describes El Wolak (Horse carriers) and El Davah, (foot runners) during the Tughluks .
1541: Sher Shah introduces horse dak on the 2000-mile stretch of road between Bengal and Sind.
1672: Mysore Anche is established by Maharaja Chikka Devaraya Wodeyar.

The existence of an early postal system in India can be found during the reign of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya .

He divided his empire into provinces. The difficulty of communication between the capital city and the provincial capitals was solved by the use of pigeon posts.
The pigeon post system continued even during the time of Emperor Ashoka. The letters in little cachets were tied to the feet of trained pigeons which were made to fly to specific destinations and thus important messages were sent.

Babur developed the runner services along the road from Agra up to Kabul. For exchanging communication, on the Agra-Kabul Road, six horses were stationed every 36 miles.

Shershah Suri reorganized and further developed the communication system. He built the Grant Trunk Road and the rest houses called Sarais on the roadside.

In each rest house, horses were kept ready for the conveyance of news. It is said that he kept 3400 horses with riders exclusively for the despatch of news. The total length of the Grand Trunk Road is 2500 kilometers.

Postal system during the British era

The eighteenth century saw the beginning of British engagement in India’s postal system. In the beginning, the East India Company was in charge of running the service, and between 1764 and 1766, it opened post offices in Mumbai, Chennai, and Calcutta (now Kolkata).

1727: The East India Company started opening its first post office.

1766: Robert Clive sets up a regular postal system.

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1774: Warren Hastings (Governor General of British India from 1773-1784) opened the posts to the public and Calcutta General Post Office (GPO) was established.

Before this, the East India Company’s economic interests had been the primary focus of the postal system.
The evolution of the postal service was still driven by meeting the political and economic demands of the in charge.

1786: Madras GPO opened

1794: Bombay GPO opened

1837: The Post Office Act reserved the government the exclusive right to convey letters in the territories of the East India Company.

1850: A report was commissioned into the working of the Post Office in India by Dalhousie. He recognized the Indian Post Offices as separate organizations of national importance.

Previously, prices were based on weight and distance, but this study imposed standard postal rates based only on weight.
It suggested giving postmasters a manual of instructions to promote consistency in practice.
Act XVII was first introduced in 1854 as a result of the suggestions made in this study. The changes, however, had a mixed record of effectiveness, with some regions continuing to use outdated procedures.

The East India Company started losing political influence in the late eighteenth century. In 1858, the Company was eventually disbanded, and India was then placed under the direct control of Parliament as a Crown territory.

1852: The first adhesive postal stamp in India, Scinde Dawk was introduced by Sir Bartle Frere, the East India Company’s administrator of the province of Sind.

The First India-wide postage stamps were created in 1854 as a result of the implementation of uniform postage rates.
Similar to when uniform postage was implemented in Britain, this resulted in a sharp rise in postal service usage.

1873: Government Savings Bank Act, 1873 passed by the legislature.

1876: India joined the Universal Postal Union .

1879: Postcards were introduced and Railway Mail Service /Money order was launched.

1882: The first Post office savings bank was opened and by 1884 Post life Insurance was launched.

1885: The Indian Telegraph Act, of 1885 was enacted.

1898: Post Office Act VI was introduced and Imperial Penny Postage was introduced.

The world’s first official airmail flight took place in India on 18 February 1911.

1931: The first pictorial stamps were issued and there was a victory issue in 1946, followed shortly by the first Dominion issue.

The three stamps in the Dominion issue depicted the Ashoka Pillar, the new flag of India, and an airplane.
The Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act, of 1933 was enacted.
Indian Postal Order was introduced in 1935.

Postal history after independence

Following independence, the new Indian Government assumed control of the postal system. However, Britain continued to oversee postal services to India in the same manner that it did for other nations.

The worsening ties between India and Pakistan in the 1960s had significant effects on sending and receiving mail to and from these nations.

In 1947, three Independence Postage Stamps were issued.

The Postal Index Number (PIN, or sometimes redundantly PIN code) is a six-digit postal code.

The PIN system was made by Shriram Bhikaji Velankar when he was at service in Kolkata.
It was introduced on 15 August 1972 by former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

The PIN system is organized in the following way:

The first digit indicates the zone.
The first two digits indicate the sub-zone (or postal circle).
The first three digits indicate a sorting district.
The first four digits indicate a service route.
The last two digits indicate the delivery post office.

The first speed post was introduced in 1986.

In 2003, the Meghdoot software was introduced and in 2006 e-Payment services were launched in Post offices.

Project Arrow

In April 2008, Project Arrow was launched for the modernization of post offices.

The goal of the project is to modernize post offices in urban and rural locations, transforming them into dynamic, responsive organizations with improved service and aesthetics.
The project’s objectives include delivering secure IT services, enhancing mail delivery, remittances (both electronic and physical), and postal-savings strategies while fostering an efficient and welcoming workplace for both employees and clients.

The India Post is a part of the Department of Post under the Ministry of Communications.

For more than 150 years, the Department of Posts (DoP) has been the backbone of the country’s communication and has played a crucial role in the country’s social and economic development. As seen through the postal history of India, the department underwent numerous changes with time to reach where it is today.

It is a crucial part of Indian citizens as it functions in delivering mail, accepting deposits under Small Savings Schemes, providing life insurance coverage under Postal Life Insurance (PLI) and Rural Postal Life Insurance (RPLI), and providing retail services like bill collection, sale of forms, etc.

The DoP also acts as an agent for the Government of India in discharging other services for citizens such as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) wage disbursement and old age pension payments.

With more than 1,55,000 post offices, the DoP has the most widely distributed postal network in the world.

Read: Post Office Bill 2023

-Article written by Swathi Satish

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Future of India Post – Challenges and Opportunities | DOP Future | Post Office Future Challenges & Oppurtunities | An Article By Bruhaspati Samal

Future of India Post – Challenges and Opportunities.

From pigeon to post, from bare foot to air route and from manual to digital, the importance of India Post in serving the mankind can’t be undermined.

Bruhaspati Samal

Mobile : 9437022669

eMail: [email protected]

In the present era of rapid corporatization, privatization, downsizing, outsourcing and asset monetization of Government establishments and Public Sector Undertakings, India Post is trying its best with a noble mission to sustain its position as the largest postal network in the world touching the lives of every citizen in the country and making its products and services the customers’ first choice. Due to radical changes in public expectations and technologies, India Post is functioning as a public utility service, commercial and revenue earning department by way of providing poor man’s service like post cards etc. at subsidised rates, charging the corporate sector at commercial rates and has been a revenue earning organization to meet its own expenses in running other services for the common man. Though it serves the entire nation with a human touch maintaining its iconic status as a unique and trusted national institution and demonstrating the highest order of integrity, honesty, transparency and professionalism on one hand with ample opportunities to be a huge income centre and more importantly a force multiplier for the economy on the other, yet it is not free from several challenges especially from the clutches of corporatization. Before going for a detailed discussion of the future challenges and opportunities, it will be wise to reminisce its glorious official journey for last 168 years.

1. The Glorious Background:

“It makes the Post Office what under any other system it never can be the unrestricted means of diffusing knowledge, extending commerce and promoting in every way the social and intellectual improvement of the people” stated Lord Dalhousie, the father of India Post in his Minute dated 30th December, 1851 . To prove this statement, honestly, if one searches about an organization which serves India, the land of heterogeneous racial, lingual, religious, and social culture upholding its rich cultural heritage through religious pluralism with Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Budhists, Jains etc. sharing their sorrows and happiness in nearly 2000 rationalized and identifiable mother tongues inclusive of 22 Scheduled languages door to door and protects the national unity, social cohesion, secular and federal structure and democratic ethos, certainly, the name of India Post comes to mind. Competently assisting the rulers, elite and mercantile community in its various forms in ancient and medieval times, it has conveniently served both the British rulers and general public in modern times as a forceful organization in raising national and political consciousness. Long before the times of email and mobile phones, pigeons, barefoot runners and bullock carts were used to carry messages from one part of India to another. The mail-runner in earlier times not only carried people's messages but their emotions and hopes. Without caring for the dense forests, wild beasts, intense heat, heavy shower or highway robbers, they used to march ahead with belled spears and serve the mankind heart and soul. Prior to independence, India Post, through a limited work force could be able to develop a vast network of communication even before the Railways and Telephones were introduced with wide spread impact on the socio-economic life of the nation through efficient and prompt service.

2. The Growth:

From pigeon to post, India Post has travelled a long way with the passage of time. From 23,344 Post Offices primarily opened in urban areas prior to independence catering to the needs of Britishers for development of their trade and exercising control over their vast Indian possessions with one Post Office serving 15038 persons covering an area of 53 square miles to 156434 Post Offices (141055 i.e. 90.17% in rural area and 15379 i.e. 9.83% in urban area ) as on 31.03.2021, India Post has registered nearly a seven fold growth during the period of last seven decades focusing its expansion to rural areas and thus has been acknowledged as the largest postal network in the world with one Post Office serving 8713 people in average (6336 in rural area and 30515 in urban area) covering an area of approximately 21.36 sq. kms and providing postal facilities within reach of every citizen in the country at affordable prices adopting every mode of transmission from bare

foot to air route.This has prompted Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, former President of India while inaugurating the Sesquicentennial Celebrations of India Post on 4th October, 2004 to say, “Post Office is the only institution in the country, which touches every person’s life. This is demonstrated by the fact that whenever government or non-government agencies attempt to reach the largest number of people, they think of the Post Office. I would like to congratulate the pioneering spirit, resilience and the glorious traditions of providing quality service of this Department, which is now 150 years old, to the common man spread in all parts of the country.”

3. The Challenges: Past, Present and Future:

Briefly, India Post is now having the following challenges.

➢ India Post has touched the life of every citizen for more than 168 years through mails, banking, insurance, money transfers, and various retail services, enjoying the trust and support of its customers and stake holders which need to be continued.

➢ With spread of telephone, internet and modernised banking, insurance and mail services, citizen are used to new level of speed, transparency and quality which India Post to address.

➢ In India, customers of the postal service expect India Post to provide a service level to industry standards maintained by banks, insurance and similar other competitors.

➢ The customers of the Department of Posts, expects an expanded range of its existing services with the use of IT with higher quality of services.

➢ Customers today have a number of alternatives to most of the products and services offered by India Post and as such, the existing customers are to be retained.

➢ To meet the emergence of electronic alternatives

➢ To face the demanding customers

➢ To face the organised / unorganised couriers for mail conveyance.

➢ To face the financial players like banks and insurance companies.

➢ Challenges of Globalisation, Corporatisation, and Liberalisation.

➢ India Post provides last mile delivery to important government schemes e.g., MGNREGS, UIDAI related services, old age pensions, scholarship to weaker sections which directly impact the common citizen of the country. The challenge of Improvement of quality services and greater transparency through IT services for contributing to inclusive growth is the need of the hour.

➢ Developments in other Postal Administrations also warrant development of India Post.

Thus, to sum up, India Post has to face two important challenges as follows and to meet the twin challenges, it has to concentrate on transformation and business development.

i. Transformation:

Passing through ages, India Post has never remained as a service department only. Due to emergence of electronic alternatives, more demanding customers, presence of organized / unorganized couriers for mail conveyance, financial players like banks and insurance companies and above all the challenges of globalization, corporatization and liberalization, there are several challenges before India Post especially in the field of its core sectors relating to Mails, Banking and Insurance which has compelled it to be commercial day by day rather than remaining as a full public utility service department. Thus, to meet the challenges and to face the competitors on one hand and to prove itself as an efficient and reliable communication network as the main component of the communication infrastructure for playing a crucial role in the socio-economic development and integration of the country on the other, the Postal department is doing a lot of things other than just delivering letters aiming for a transformation with re-engineering of Business Processes and making it compatible to suit the new ICT solutions and evolving new processes based on customer needs.

Briefing the Department’s long journey from pigeon post to e-post, it is evident that India Post actively entered into the digital era through counter mechanization installing 102 personal computer-based MPCMs in 22 selected Post Offices during the year 1990 – 91 and conceived the Project Arrow concept in April, 2008 under “Look & Feel Good” concept. Aiming at transforming the India Posts’ operational efficiency and improving service delivery of operational and administrative units through upgraded technology and connectivity, the IT Modernization Project of India Post was approved by the Government of India in November 2012 as a Mission Mode e-governance Project with an outlay of Rs. 4909 crores. The project includes providing Central Server based integrated, modular and scalable solutions for all the operations of India Post including Mails, Human Resource, Banking, Insurance, Finance and Accounts along with creation of IT Infrastructure like Data Centre, Disaster Recovery Centre, setting up of Wide Area Network (WAN) and providing solar powered and portable hand-held computing devices to all branch Post Offices.

There were so many legacy issues and challenges to digitize this largest postal network of the world with 1.56 lakh Post Offices in different status, Viz; Branch Post Office, Sub Post Office, Mukhya Dak Ghar, Head Post Office and General Post Office, RMS Offices etc. in addition to several administrative offices like Divisional Offices, Circle Offices, Training Centres, Postal Store Depots, Circle Stamp Depots etc. But India Post with the sacrifice and devotion of its dedicated and hardworking workforce could do it and moved from a stand-alone local server-based operation to a uniform central server-based operation. The network connectivity through a Wide Area Network (WAN) has been established at 26,708 Departmental locations as on 31.12.2021 . By 31st December, 2021, 25046 Departmental Post Offices are providing Core Banking Services (CBS) to Post Office Savings Bank (POSB) customers along with e-banking facilities. Further, it has also digitalized the finance & accounts and human resource management functions of the Department on the online, SAP based platform. 505 Postal & RMS Divisions (out of total 511 Divisions) + 12 independent Head Post offices / GPOs have been rolled out in CSI as on 31.12.2021. 1000 ATMs which are inter-operable by other banks have been installed preferably in district headquarters. Postal Life Insurance (PLI) services are being provided through Core Insurance Solution (CIS) in 25409 Departmental Post Offices. 1,29,380 Branch Post Offices have been supplied with solar powered and portable hand-held computing devices under the Rural System Integrator (RSI) as on 31.12.2021. Beyond March 2022 the Department proposes to take forward the IT Infrastructure maintenance, upgradation and technology refresh through the DoP IT Modernizaion 2.0 Project

ii. Business Development:

India Post, through establishment of a Business Directorate has introduced several new products and services. National Postal Policy has been formulated to develop services that assist, facilitate, enhance and quicken the process of development aimed at inclusive growth and to reposition India Post to become a self-sufficient, credible, efficient, quick and cost–effective provider of these services. Apart from its traditional services, viz, Mail Operations, Post Office Small Savings Schemes and Postal Life Insurance including Rural Postal Life Insurance, it is just trying to do more than what it can to stay relevant today.

In this article, rather than its traditional services relating to mail, finance and insurance, we are just highlighting the additional products and services of India Post which have been introduced for meeting the future challenges to stay relevant in the existing scenario.

a. Financial Services: To cater the needs of NRI dependent families in India, visiting international tourists and foreign students studying in India, the Department in collaboration with the Western Union Financial Services, USA operates International Money Transfer Service

through the Post Offices in India which enables instantaneous remittance of money from 195 countries to India. The electronic money order, i.e. eMO which has been launched in October 2008, facilitates transmission of ordinary money orders from all the computerized Post Offices through electronic media without any extra charge. The International Financial System (IFS) Money Order service is operational with La Poste Group, France and UAE. The remittances received under this service are being paid through our eMO service network. e‐Payment is a 'Many to One' service through which bills and taxes etc. are paid by customers in thousands of identified computerized Post Offices across the country. The Department of Posts introduced ECS scheme on 9th August 2003 which facilitates depositors to get MIS interest automatically transferred and credited into their SB account on the due dates at the designated Bank of their choice. Currently, the service is available in the Department of Posts at 15 RBI locations and 21 SBI locations. Post Office also acts as a Point of Presence - Service Provider (POP-SP) for National Pension System. It also operates various Jansuraksha Schemes, namely, Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojna (PMJJBY), Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojna (PMSBY) and Atal Pension Yojna (APY). With an objective to leverage the strength of the postal network and skills, Department of Posts has started retailing mutual funds and bonds. At present, selected schemes of UTI Mutual Fund only are retailed through the designated Post Offices in the country through NISM/EUIN certified staff. The Department of Posts is discharging the responsibility to disburse the wages to MGNREGS beneficiaries through Post Office Savings Bank account. The Department of Posts in collaboration with NABARD is providing the facility of micro‐credit to Self Help Groups (SHGs) through identified Post Offices on agency basis. India Post has tied up with State Bank of India to sell its assets and liability products through identified Post Offices. Old Age Pension is being paid through Post Office Savings Accounts and Money Orders. As a tie‐up with Reliance Money Limited, sale of gold coins has been launched on 15th October, 2008 as part of retail post in selected Post Offices.

b. Other Services: To meet the challenges, India Post is also emerging as a potential service provider to other organizations. It has revolutionized the way it used to function before adopting varieties of products and services starting from selling of movie tickets in urban area to agriculture insurance in rural area.

Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation (MOSP) has entrusted the job of collecting statistics for ascertaining the Rural Price Index from several identified Post Offices across the country with effect from Oct 2009.

India Post has been assisting other public authorities under the Central Government in implementing the RTI Act by providing services of its designated Central Assistant Public Information Officers (CAPIOs). For this, Sub Post Masters at Tehsil level act as the Central Assistant Public Information officer (CAPIO) for accepting RTI requests and appeals from all central Government Departments.

Through 'Retail Post' Department offers convenience to the general public by making third party products and services available in their vicinity through select Post Offices. Retail Post leverages the vast network of 1.56 lakh Post Offices across the country.

13,352 Aadhaar Enrolment cum Updation Centres have been set up pan India Post to provide Aadhaar related services to the residents of India. Since its inception in June 2017 till November 2021 around 97.79 lakh Enrollments and 348.81 lakh Updations have been done by Post Office Aadhaar Centres, generating a revenue of about Rs. 170.30 crore for the Department.

India Post through selected Post Offices across the country makes Gangajal bottles available for the convenience of public. It is available on the online portals i.e. e-Commerce Portal and e-Post Office Portal of Department.

India Post and Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) have mutually agreed for leveraging the network of Post Office Passport Seva Kendras (POPSK) in order to provide passport services to citizens on a larger scale and to ensure wider area coverage for the benefits of the citizens. The facility has brought convenience to the general public in making passport services available in their vicinity through Post Offices and saved citizens from travelling long distances in order to obtain a Passport. Since inception from January 2017 to December 2021 around 67.27 Lakhs Passport Applications have been processed by 428 PoPSKs generating an accrued revenue of 222.01 crore for the department.

In order to provide Railway Tickets at the doorstep of the public, Railway Reservation Tickets of all classes are booked at selected Post Offices where there is no Rail head/Railway counters. The service is presently made available at 323 Post Offices across India especially in rural and semi-rural areas.

The list of services continues like this including delivery of Prasad and other holy offerings from religious shrines / place of worship.

C. Services as CSC:

With the success of the above citizen centric services to the satisfaction of its customers, now, India Post is planning to extend the number of Common Service Centres (CSCs) to 6000 more Post Offices with addition of as many as 111 such services including the above existing services. Among other important services, the proposed CSCs will provide Mobile Updates, Demographic Updates, PAN Card, Swachh Bharat Aviyan, PM Aawas Yojana, PM Fasal Bima Yojana, PDS, Ayusman Bharat Yojana, Birth / Death Certificate, Jiban Praman, IRCTC Ticket Booking, Election / Labour / Pension / Employment related services, several State Govt. services, Tours and Travel Services like Flight and Bus Ticket, Mobile and DTH recharge, FASTag related services and several educational services.

4. Major barriers to meet the challenges:

i. Impact of Corporatization / Privatization:

The most important barrier to meet the present challenges faced by India Post is the challenge of privatization through step-by-step corporatization and outsourcing with opening of franchise outlets in the name of Dak Mitra.

In 2014, the Union Government constituted a Task Force on Leveraging the Post Office Network headed by Shri T.S.R. Subramaian Ex. Cabinet Secretary, Govt. of India. The Committee submitted its report in Novemeber-2014 recommending to divide India Post in to six units. i.e. (i) Banking and financial services (ii) Insurance (PLI/RPLI), (iii) Distribution of third-party products (Services on behalf of private parties on payment basis), (iv) Management of Govt. services (v) Parcel & Packets and (vi) communication delivery . The first five units were designated as Strategic Business Units and sixth unit was left to deliver mails at subsidized rates. Under Deptt. of Posts, a holding company “India Post (Financial and other services) Corporation Limited” was recommended to be formed. The Corporation would consist of Board of Members and one Chairman from the Board members. All the five separate subsidiary companies would also have separate Boards. In the course of time, Govt. might disinvest its part of holding and new corporation would raise fund from share market and thereafter would also be listed in share market in future. It was stated in the report that five Subsidiary Companies would make profit and contribute to meet the loss of sixth unit. The Task Force Committee also recommended for amendment of Indian Post Office Act 1898 and to bring another Postal Act. “India Post (Financial and other services)” Corporation Act for reorganization of Deptt. of Posts by creating new Corporate Structure.

In the meantime, the banking and financial sector has been corporatized since 01.09.2018 in the name of India Post Payments Bank Limited (IPPB) as the first PSU under Department of Posts with the Certificate of Incorporation from the Registrar of Companies, Ministry of Corporate Affairs under the Companies Act 2013. Now the department has decided to set up an insurance company as another Strategic Business Unit in the next phase to implement the recommendations of the Task Force Committee. It is well predicted that this age-old Govt. establishment is running ahead rapidly on the way of corporatization. In this context, briefly discussing about the IPPB, the first PSU of India Post, we can say that the customers of India Post are not showing that much of interest due to several deficiencies. For gaining some predefined facilities, the IPPB Account is linked with the Post Office Savings Bank Account. While the POSB Account is offering interest @ 4% per annum for deposits without any upper limit, IPPB Account offers interest @ Rs.2.50% and @ 2.75% per annum on balance up to Rs. 1 lakh and for incremental balances above Rs. 1 lakh and up to Rs. 2 lakh respectively. In addition, while there was no charges initially for Door Step Banking (DSB) by postal employees, the very purpose of its establishment with exquisite slogan “AAP KE BANK AAP KE DWAR’, now a sum of Rs. 20/- plus GST is being charged from the customers with effect from 01.09.2021 which is creating resentments amongst the customers. Not only DSB, but several other facilities like cash deposits and withdrawals, fund transfer, standing instruction, POSB sweep-in and sweep-out, payment for DOP products (SSA, PPF, RD and LARD), mobile postpaid, bills payment etc. are charged at the above rate for which customers are running away from IPPB. Though Department of Posts introduced Post Office Savings Bank (POSB) on 01.04.1882, the foundations of the Govt. Savings Bank were laid in the year 1833 when the first Bank was opened in Calcutta (Kolkata) for investment of the savings of all classes – British and native. Since then, POSB is offering highest rates of interest in S B Account providing services free of charges. The lower rate of interest and several charges for services is discouraging the members of public and thereby affecting the POSB business directly since the Department is applying forceful methods through the staff members to link the POSB Accounts to IPPB Accounts.

Further, the IPPB is also creating confusion amongst the esteemed customers of Postal Life Insurance when it campaigns for Bajaj Allianz Life POS Goal Suraksha on behalf of India Post. Department of Posts entered into insurance sector in 1884 with introduction of Postal Life Insurance (PLI) on 1st February, 1884. There should not be a conflict of interest with PLI being the oldest insurance in the country with ‘Low Premium, High Bonus’ and having access to each individual citizen of India through the vast network of the Postal Department. The dual role of IPPB is certainly a hurdle to meet the challenges faced by PLI / RPLI. Though IPPB is poised to create a national payments architecture riding on a modern payment platform and ubiquitous information and communication technologies that can be accessed by all users and service providers like never before, yet its aspiration to become the most accessible bank in the world riding on state of the art banking and payments technology is yet to be achieved even after a period of 3 years. The core officials of IPPB instead of doing things to increase their own business are seen to be quite dependent on the Post Office staff and engaged in diverting / converting the POSB businesses to IPPB business which is presently the biggest hurdle before POSB and the Department

As such, under the circumstances, establishment of additional PSUs for Insurance, Parcel etc. as recommended by the Task Force Committee needs to be reconsidered by the Government.

ii. Lack of financial autonomy:

The Department does not find any financial autonomy and commercial flexibility to respond to market forces quickly and efficiently. Though the Department earns more than 40% of its total income from PO Small Savings Schemes, yet it acts as a corporate agent of the Ministry of Finance with a meagre commission against opening of Accounts. While the Fix Deposit Accounts and Cash Certificates (now also in form of Accounts) can be pledged in Banks by the holders for availing loan, the Post Offices are not conferred with such power to honour its own instruments as above. All the facilities of Savings Bank given to the banks should be given to POSB also to compete and increase its share in the financial market.

iii. Least workers’ participation in management:

Article 43 A of the Constitution of India provides that the State shall endeavour to secure, by suitable legislation or economic organization or in any other way, to all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work, a living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities and, in particular, the State shall endeavour to promote cottage industries on an individual or co-operative basis in rural areas. With 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, Article 43 A of the Constitution of India, the State is conferred with the power to bring in suitable suitable legislation or apply some other way to secure the participation of workers in management of undertakings, establishments or other organizations engaged in any industry.

While workers’ participation in management is a tool to promote better industrial relations nurturing the different conflicting interests of both the employees and employers brining both parties together by mutual understanding and there by establishing industrial peace, this important concept is highly ignored by India Post. While the workers become the partner in decision making process, they become enthusiastic to exploit their full efficiency for the betterment of the organization which results in increased productivity safeguarding everybody’s interest and industrial democracy. Further, workers’ participation in management helps in arriving at a unanimous decision whether to accept or reject any change. The changes which bring more benefits than the costs incurred on them, are accepted. Hence the changes are welcomed by the employees. Participation helps workers to express their creative instinct and they respond favourably to the challenges at the workplace as regards performance of the job. For better participation of the employees and workers in the management of the Department, there are clear provisions of conducting four-monthly meetings with the Circle Heads, bi-monthly meetings with the Regional Heads and monthly meeting with the Divisional Heads. The decision of the Chairman, Postal Services Board taken in the 14th Ordinary Meeting of Postal Departmental Council (JCM) held on 04.01.1993 with direction to all Circles vide DG (P) letter No. 31-1/92-SR, dated 26.02.1993 to hold the periodical meetings with the unions as per prescribed periodicity is worth referring here. The instructions have been reiterated vide DG (P) letter No. 8/15/2011-SR, dated 01.02.2012. Further as per the Directorate D O letter No. 02-02/2018-SR, dated 22nd May, 2018 circulated to all Circle / Regional / Divisional / Unit Heads, the periodical meetings should be held within the due date without any plea of administrative exigencies, rush of work, busy schedules, other engagements etc. In addition, as enjoined in Directorate letter No. 10-3/87-SR, dated

08.03.1988, the letters received from the Unions / Associations should be acknowledged promptly and the matter in question decided as expeditiously as possible, If the decision in the matter is likely to get delayed for some time, an interim reply should invariably be sent to the concerned Union / Association. It should also be ensured that in case the officer or the dealing hand concerned with the matter is on leave, some alternative arrangements should be made to attend the letters received from the Unions / Associations urgently. But most unfortunately, at this critical juncture, when India Post is rapidly moving from manual to digital, implementation of the above constitutional provision, guidelines and instructions is seriously lacking in the Department of Posts now a day. Rather every action is being taken intentionally to avoid the Staff Side. The action of the administration with regard to conducting periodical meetings, honouring / acknowledging the letters of the Staff Side containing problems and suggestions, communicating action taken report to the Staff Side etc. are very discouraging. The leadership is targeted by the administration on flimsy ground and threatened with charge-sheets and disciplinary actions. The staff members are forced to be demotivated. Several decisions against the welfare of the Department and its employees are taken without least consultation with the Staff Side. Rather, very tactfully, the Department is squeezing the trade union rights of the employees through arbitrary implementation of the conditions of Rule 15 (1) (c) of CCS (Conduct) Rules, 1964 on the Service Unions / Associations / Federations which are functioning under the purview of CCS (RSA), Rules, 1993. The future of India Post will certainly be apprehensive if the administration ignores the participation of the staff members in decision making.

iv. Improper services by the authorized vendors:

As discussed earlier, the whole digitization process of India Post is being accelerated through IT Modernization project, 2012 which was designed to be implemented in 8 contracts, viz; Rural ICT-Hardware, Rural ICT-System Integrator, Data Centre facility, Core System Integrator, Financial Services System Integrator, Network Integrator, Mail Operations Hardware and Change Management Vendor. The responsibility of all the designated vendors are defined to supply and install Rural ICT Hardware devices and provide for network connectivity, to develop the platform for all applications , to provide centralized Data Centre Facility for hosting all applications and Disaster Recovery Center, to be the core integrator for all the applications that will run in the post and mail offices, cater to deployment of Postal Banking & Insurance solutions, to ensure networking of DoP’s departmental offices across India and design DoP networks including network security, to be responsible for procurement of hardware for Postal and Mail Processing offices and to manage change and prepare the staff for this massive IT modernization project of Department of Posts by conducting surveys and understanding concerns of postal employees respectively.

But most regretfully, even after one decade, the Department has not been able to restore smooth network connectivity to all the Post Offices which have been migrated to CBS and CIS platform. Everyday, the employees especially working in Post Offices are facing problems of sluggish connectivity and falling prey to the customers’ anger. The responses of both the designated vendors and the immediate authorities are not at all satisfactory which is directly affecting the functioning and reputation of this vast Department. Similar is the situation is case of hardware supply. No Post Office is having any additional / standby computer accessories. Even for replacement of a mouse, key-board, scanner etc found defective during the working hours, the Postmasters have to wait for the approval of the Divisional Head since they have no such financial / administrative power for instant purchase. Most of the time, the UPS, generator and other valuable equipment are remaining out of AMC. Old and obsolete hardware are not timely replaced even after expiry of their scheduled life. The sudden modification in the software with introduction of patch files put both the customers and employees into troubles. The training programmes are always conducted to suit the need of the Department ignoring the need of the employees.

The lack of seriousness of the authorities to solve these regular issues has put a challenge on increasing business and customers’ satisfaction.

v. Deficiency of Centralized Delivery System including NDCs:

The Department had adopted Central Delivery System for delivery of Speed Post articles when the service was started in August 1986 for providing time bound and express delivery of letters and parcels. This became a big failure when the Department couldn’t meet time bound norms as guaranteed under Citizen Charter. As a result, the Department changed its earlier decision and Speed Post articles were delivered through respective delivery post offices throughout the country As per the report of Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG), Speed Post delivers with

maximum accuracy. But most unfortunately, the Department has now committed the same mistake once again by establishing the Nodal Delivery Centres for delivery of all parcels and Speed Post articles beyond certain weight limits.

It is quite surprising that in spite of several attempts by the Staff Side to make the Department understand the difficulties of no delivery in addition to delayed delivery of the parcels by the NDCs increasing the deposits, customers’ resentments and the plight of the staff members working in NDCs, no tangible step is being taken for early solution. Rather most unfortunately, the Department is forcefully and arbitrarily issuing orders to work on Sundays and Holidays which is not at all a solution. Most importantly, while the delivery staff of the local delivery post offices are quite acquainted with the beat area, the delivery staff of NDCs are quite ignorant of the delivery area they are assigned with which is the main reason for delayed delivery or no delivery of parcels and thereby decreasing the delivery percentage in addition to huge expenditure in terms of additional vehicles and establishment which has been created on diversion from the existing establishment from various post offices. If the Department doesn’t realize the issue and start decentralizing parcel delivery through respective delivery post offices, this may lead to a serious damage to the mail delivery system of the Department.

vi. Deficiency in Change Management Plan:

As a result of technological changes, all operational, administrative and accounting units of this vast postal network are being affected with new management system. The Circles, Regions, Divisions and Post Offices are dealing with implementation of multiple solutions. Therefore, employees from all levels are inducted to the changes for capacity building, augmenting training infrastructure, achieving computer literacy at all levels etc. to run a massive change management plan. But while analyzing the process the Department has adopted to meet the challenges, we find that the computer literacy programme only aims at imparting training on different modules / packages in operation by the Department. Barring the new entrants, most of the senior officials do not know the fundamentals of computer. There is no plan to redesign the computer training programmes.

Further, the Technology Wing and Business Development Cell are neither managed by Technically and Management qualified personnel nor there is a plan for direct recruitment of such personnel from open market. It is a matter of regret that the Department implemented the I T Modernization Project 2012 with the help of the Postal Assistants forcefully just renaming them as System Administrator (SA) without any extra remuneration or recognition. Similar is the case of Business / Marketing Executives BE/ME). The conditions of the PLI Development Officers beggar description. In the recent past, though their nomenclature was changed from DO (PLI) to Group Leaders, the same was again redesignated as DO(PLI). It is certainly a bitter experience that the Department is still experimenting on these workforces through PLI exists since 1884. It is very much surprising also to witness that when these workforces, viz, SA, BE/ME and DO(PLI) become matured gaining vast experience in the field of marketing, instead of exploiting their vast experience for the benefit of business / technology development, they are reverted back to their parent cadre, i.e. Postal Assistant. This deficiency needs to be addressed to meet the future challenges in the field of technology and business development.

vii. Deficiency in National Postal Policy:

The National Postal Policy broadly speaks that urban postal and financial services are essential in order to maintain the flow of funds between urban and rural residents and it is necessary to ensure safe and quick transmission of moneys. Since the competitors for such urban services are aggressive and efficient private players, India Post should enhance and improve its delivery of urban services in order to offer comparative standards of performance. But in the name of rationalization and optimization, our department is giving more space for the private companies to occupy more share in the mail market segment. We have already discussed the role of NDCs inviting ineffective delivery.

viii. Lapses in protecting staff interest:

The basis of any policy of sustainability and growth, especially of labour intensive activities, is the productivity, capacity and morale of its personnel. But as we realized the employees at grass root level, especially the Group-C employees ( PA / Postman) and GDS of the Department who are directly responsible for smooth implementation of all the policies and decisions are highly depressed. We have witnessed that increased productivity and higher performance are not receiving appropriate incentives in the Department and the interests of the workforce of India Post are not being

safeguarded. The demands of the Staff Side with scientific approaches to meet the future challenges are either overlooked or totally sidelined and the department is blindly going ahead with unscientific proposals. Instead, they are forced to work on Sundays / Holidays with threatening of disciplinary actions and thus compelled to ignore their health and social responsibilities which has a negative impact on the overall productivity standing as a challenge to the growth and development of the Department. Economic growth without workers’ rights and social protection does not amount to development. Fundamentally, development must also be about people’s ability to shape their own lives.

ix. Lack of interest in advertising the products and services:

Customers are the people who buy the product only after they are made aware of the products available in the market. When they come to know about the range of products, they are able to compare the products and buy so that they get what they desire after spending their valuable money. Traditionally printed marketing was the whole sole method of conveying the messages to the consumers. However, in recent times advertisements through electronic media, viz; eMails, SMS, blogs, television, radio and websites have become the trendy way of conveying the organization’s message to the consumers. While advertising plays a very important role in today’s age of competition, India Post is seen not be serious for advertising its services and products in comparison to other banks and financial institutions / insurance organizations. Illustratively, through repeated advertisements only through print and electronic media, while LIC founded in the year 1956 has become a popular household name, people are yet to know about PLI introduced since 1884. Similar is the fate of Mail and SB products.

5. The Opportunities:

In spite of all the barriers discussed above, India Post still has ample opportunities to meet the challenges and accelerate its growth and development with the help of its following strengths.

➢ It is the only network of post offices spread throughout the country with responsibility of providing communication, banking and insurance services and products to every resident.

➢ It has an extraordinary goodwill among the people, who have no problem in gaining easy access to its network.

➢ It is the oldest institution of the Govt. of India, which is well known to the customers and has well established and time tested procedures.

➢ Workforce of the Rural Post Offices are mainly local and therefore known to the community served by the Post Office.

➢ It has a large and skilled man power.

➢ Many of the products and services have features which are suitable for the average citizen, daily delivery on door step, delivery in cash at door step for money orders and small transactions in post office savings bank.

➢ Its operations are funded by the public exchequer.

Regime after regime has viewed India Post as a cost centre. But, India Post has the potential to be a huge income centre and more importantly a force multiplier for the economy. India Post has the potential to be the flyover that can link rural India with urban India. It has the potential to accelerate savings through financial inclusion. It can be the real and virtual market platform for farmers. It can deliver both credit and insurance to small farmers and micro enterprises. It is also the ideal one-stop shop for government services.

Post Offices can be identified as a hub for the provision of electronic connectivity and knowledge connectivity to the village community leading to economic connectivity of the village clusters for providing urban amenities in rural areas through which rural economy can be enhanced with provision of knowledge inputs at the right time to the farmers, artisans, craftsmen, small-scale industries, self-help groups and entrepreneurs.

India has approximately 2.50 lakhs Village Panchayats and almost every Panchayat has either a Post Office or Panchayat Sanchar Sewa Kendra which can be utilized as nodal center for knowledge connectivity for the villagers with computer terminals, telephone and internet connections and other support facilities for functioning as a digital library.

India Post has 1.41 lakh (90% of the total number of Post Offices in India) rural Post Offices including branch and Sub Post Offices. The Gramin Dak Sewaks who are quite popular and closely working with the rural people for 3 to 5 hours a day can be deployed in the process of knowledge management which will not only make them eligible to work full time for the Department enriching their contribution to the society but also provide cost-effective digital library and information services to the village community.

Presently, India Post has signed MoU with different revenue authorities for despatch of land records especially Mutation Certificates through Speed Post to the land owners. But the Post Offices can help the revenue authorities in computerizing all the land records in the villages and also they can arrange billing to the landlords on yearly or half yearly basis which are presently maintained manually. Through the concerted efforts of all the stakeholders over a period, Post Offices can be used as an appropriate platform for agricultural practices, monsoon prediction, local medical knowledge, advanced medical counselling centers etc. All these things can be done for a nominal fee that can make the postal network also viable. Above all, India Post has the ability to convert the vision of a new India into reality by proper utilization of its vast network. Just a sense of urgency is required for a large-scale training and motivation of the postal employees to achieve the national development goal.

Every initiative will drive employment, income generation and growth. This can happen not by corporatization but allowing freedom and flexibility to the Postal Department so that it could restructure itself and operate competently with functional autonomy and financial independence having a separate budget and control by the Department of Posts. Corporatization is not the only solution to make the loss-making India Post profitable.

6. Conclusion:

When the possibility of the existence of a civilized state cannot be conceived without the cooperation of this vast organization of effective communication which has legitimately conquered so important place in Indian social, political, religious, cultural and economic atmosphere, there can be no threat to India Post in future provided the Department works with the collective mindset of the employees, clients, customers and vendors paying due honour to their voice for rights, social protection and decision-making which are the basic components of economic growth since in the era of globalization, an organization will only sustain if it wins the confidence of all the stakeholders. Then only, the commitment of India Post to meeting the challenges of the economy and to ensure connectivity, communication and financial services to every citizen can be found feasible.

To conclude, it can only be said that since India Post has occupied the nervous system which transmits the words and thoughts of the nation, its significance can be better understood by visualizing its absence due to corporatization. All stakeholders should work consistently so that the existence of this vast organization may not be jeopardized.

(BRUHASPATI SAMAL)

Postmaster (HSG-I NFG)

Sahidnagar MDG, Bhubaneswar-751007,

Ex- All India Organizing General Secretary

AIPEU, Gr-C, CHQ, New Delhi,

Leader (Staff Side)

Regional JCM, Odisha Postal Circle

NFPE, Odisha State CoC &

Circle Secretary

AIPEU, Group-C, Odisha Circle

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Essay on India For Students and Children

500+ words essay on india.

India is a great country where people speak different languages but the national language is Hindi. India is full of different castes, creeds, religion, and cultures but they live together. That’s the reasons India is famous for the common saying of “ unity in diversity “. India is the seventh-largest country in the whole world.

Geography and Culture

India has the second-largest population in the world. India is also knowns as Bharat, Hindustan and sometimes Aryavart. It is surrounded by oceans from three sides which are Bay Of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west and Indian oceans in the south. Tiger is the national animal of India. Peacock is the national bird of India. Mango is the national fruit of India. “ Jana Gana Mana ” is the national anthem of India . “Vande Mataram” is the national song of India. Hockey is the national sport of India. People of different religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism , Jainism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity and Judaism lives together from ancient times. India is also rich in monuments, tombs, churches, historical buildings, temples, museums, scenic beauty, wildlife sanctuaries , places of architecture and many more. The great leaders and freedom fighters are from India.

F lag of India

The indian flag has tricolors.

The first color that is uppermost color in the flag which is the saffron color, stands for purity. The second color i.e. the middle color in the flag is the white color and it stands for peace. The third color that is the lowest color in the flag is the green color and it stands for fertility. The white color has an Ashoka Chakra of blue color on it. Ashoka Chakra contains twenty-four spokes which are equally divided. India has 29 states and 7 union territories.

Follow this link to get a Physical and state-wise Map of India

My Favorite States from India are as follows –

Rajasthan itself has a glorious history. It is famous for many brave kings, their deeds, and their art and architecture. It has a sandy track that’s why the nuclear test was held here. Rajasthan is full of desert, mountain range, lakes, dense forest, attractive oases, and temples, etc. Rajasthan is also known as “Land Of Sacrifice”. In Rajasthan, you can see heritage things of all the kings who ruled over there and for that, you can visit Udaipur, Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Chittaurgarh, etc.

Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh is bigger than a foreign (Italy) country and smaller than Oman. It also has tourists attractions for its places. In Madhya Pradesh, you can see temples, lakes, fort, art and architecture, rivers, jungles, and many things. You can visit in Indore, Jabalpur, Ujjain, Bhopal, Gwalior and many cities. Khajuraho, Sanchi Stupa, Pachmarhi, Kanha national park, Mandu, etc. are the places must visit.

Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir are known as heaven on earth . We can also call Jammu and Kashmir as Tourists Paradise. There are many places to visit Jammu and Kashmir because they have an undisturbed landscape, motorable road, beauty, lying on the banks of river Jhelum, harmony, romance, sceneries, temples and many more.

In Jammu and Kashmir, u can enjoy boating, skiing, skating, mountaineering, horse riding, fishing, snowfall, etc. In Jammu and Kashmir, you can see a variety of places such as Srinagar, Vaishnav Devi, Gulmarg, Amarnath, Patnitop, Pahalgam, Sonamarg, Lamayuru, Nubra Valley, Hemis, Sanasar, Anantnag, Kargil, Dachigam National Park, Pulwama, Khilanmarg, Dras, Baltal, Bhaderwah, Pangong Lake, Magnetic Hill, Tso Moriri, Khardung La, Aru Valley, Suru Basin,Chadar Trek, Zanskar Valley, Alchi Monastery, Darcha Padum Trek, Kishtwar National Park, Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary, Nyoma, Dha Hanu, Uleytokpo, Yusmarg, Tarsar Marsar Trek and many more.

It is known as the ‘God’s Own Country’, Kerala is a state in India, situated in the southwest region, it is bordered by a number of beaches; covered by hills of Western Ghats and filled with backwaters, it is a tourist destination attracting people by its natural beauty. The most important destinations which you can see in Kerela are the museum, sanctuary, temples, backwaters, and beaches. Munnar, Kovalam, Kumarakom, and Alappad.

India is a great country having different cultures, castes, creed, religions but still, they live together. India is known for its heritage, spices, and of course, for people who live here. That’s the reasons India is famous for the common saying of “unity in diversity”. India is also well known as the land of spirituality , philosophy, science, and technology.

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India’s future and role in the post-COVID-19 world

Entering the Taj Mahal at the sunrise… The view was and is breathtaking

India will prioritize economic expansion and sustainability for sustained growth and influence on the world stage. Image: Unsplash/Julian Yu

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A hand holding a looking glass by a lake

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Stay up to date:.

We are gradually moving into a post-COVID dispensation.
There is a trend towards a more multipolar world and the power centre of the global economy is shifting to Asia.
In this new era, India will prioritize economic expansion and sustainability for sustained growth and influence on the world stage.

Almost two years after the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic , the world is coming to terms with the disruptions caused by the virus. The most profound and consequential impact has been the pandemic’s toll on healthcare systems . And then there has been the more persistent and reverberating economic toll.

Government action to counter infections and contain the spread of the virus led to global supply shocks , especially in manufacturing, and lockdowns and other containment measures caused widespread business disruption. It is now clear that the pandemic has brought the world to the second great economic and financial crisis of the 21st century and is likely to have long-term structural repercussions. What’s more, it has laid bare the fragilities of the global economic and geopolitical order.

The churn in the international order, however, had begun even before the pandemic; power equations had already started to change because of geopolitical shifts. There was an indisputable trend towards a more multipolar world and the power centre of the global economy began to shift to Asia .

The current world order has been substantially altered and this is bound to give rise to a new post-COVID dispensation. In this state of flux, space has been created for aspiring and emerging powers to take centre stage and help shape a new world with a better future for all.

Indeed, rays of recovery are beginning to emerge in our economies. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projects that the global economy will grow by 6% in 2021 , and forecasts 9.5% growth in the Indian economy . At the same time, the world is seeing exponential growth in digital services and infrastructure, from the adoption of large-scale work-from-home arrangements to the use of cloud services and videoconferencing.

Many tech leaders have noted that the advancements in digital transformation that were achieved within a couple of months would have normally taken two to three years. These are hopeful signs, but there is still much work to be done.

Have you read?

This indian state's response to covid-19 could be a model for equitable healthcare, 50 ways india’s last-mile covid-19 responders are leading the way to a just recovery, asian universities are on the rise. this is what it means for the rest of the world.

India ’s future on the world stage

Despite the economic devastation caused by the virus, India’s agile response has been commendable, especially as the country rallied to manage a deadly second wave of the virus early in 2021. India was the first country to feel the impact of the virulent Delta variant but quickly swung into action to ensure that as many people as possible were vaccinated. One billion doses of the vaccine have already been administered.

In addition to protecting its own population, India has also acted in the world’s best interest by providing medical supplies and equipment to more than 150 countries across the globe and placing a critical supply of the COVID-19 vaccine on the world market. Indeed, the pandemic is an inflection point for India to introspect on its potential as a global leader, especially coming at a time when the country is celebrating 75 years of independence .

For years, India has supplied crucial drugs and medications to the global market, more recently investing in the supply of the COVID-19 vaccine to ensure equitable access around the world.

Each of our Top 50 social enterprise last mile responders and multi-stakeholder initiatives is working across four priority areas of need: Prevention and protection; COVID-19 treatment and relief; inclusive vaccine access; and securing livelihoods. The list was curated jointly with regional hosts Catalyst 2030’s NASE and Aavishkaar Group . Their profiles can be found on www.wef.ch/lastmiletop50india .

Top Last Mile Partnership Initiatives to collaborate with:

#BackTheFrontline - Dasra Covid Action Collab Covid Livelihoods Coalition – CoLive Creative Dignity Migrants Resilience Collaborative Rapid Rural Community Response (RCRC) REVIVE Alliance Rural Access Coalition Saath Nirbhar - vartaLeap Coalition and ComMutiny SAMRIDH Sanjha Collective - Goonj Swasth

Top 50 Last Mile Responders to get behind: Aajeevika Bureau Adhyayan Foundation Antarang Foundation ARMMAN Arpan Barefoot College International Breakthrough Center for Wildlife Studies Conserve India Dasra Society Of Development Alternatives Dharma Life Doctors For You Dream a Dream Eleutheros Christian Society Every Infant Matters Frontier Markets Glocal Healthcare Goonj Haqdarshak Hasiru Dala Healing Fields Foundation Hemkunt Foundation iKure Indian Society of Agribusiness Professionals Indus Action Industree Foundation Jan Sahas Just Organik Karuna Trust LabourNet Services Lakshya Manah Wellness MAHAN Trust, Melghat Mann Deshi Foundation Mission Oxygen - Democracy People Foundation Naireeta Services Nidan Noora Health Pink Maharani Reap Benefit SaveLIFE Foundation SELCO Foundation Sevamob SEWA Cooperative Federation Spandan Samaj Seva Samiti Study Hall Educational Foundation (SHEF) Sustainable Environment and Ecological Development Society (SEEDS) Transforming Rural India Foundation Ziqitza Health Care Limited

At the start of the COVID crisis, India's South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) initiative held the first multilateral summit, inspiring the G20 and others to follow suit. With the country taking over the G20 presidency in December 2022 , it will certainly play a leading role in the post-COVID global recovery process.

Away from the pandemic, India is meeting other global commitments including living up to its climate mitigation promises . It is also well ahead of target to achieve other ambitious commitments such as making renewables 40% of its energy mix by 2030 and managing the sequestration of 2.5 billion tonnes of carbon.

At the ongoing United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) taking place in Glasgow, Scotland, Prime Minister Narendra Modi committed India to an ambitious Panchamrit pledge that will see the country address five key sectors of its economy to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. The five sectors - energy, mobility, industry, infrastructure and cities, and agriculture - are critical to achieving the global 1.5-degree Celsius warming target.

A recent report from the World Economic Forum - Mission 2070: A Green New Deal for a Net-Zero India - outlines how India’s path to net zero will have an estimated economic impact of over $1 trillion by 2030 and around $15 trillion by 2070. In addition, India has prioritized cooperation, technology, and digitalization as part of its efforts to support the achievement of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Challenges and opportunities

India is marking 30 years since the deregulation of its economy , which is another significant turning point in its history and a testament to its ability to reinvent itself. Successive governments have been focused on achieving inclusive growth and self-sufficiency not just for the current generation but for generations to come. But the current administration’s efforts to promote digital empowerment and last-mile financial inclusion are especially noteworthy. Under the auspices of a government-backed digital payment system, millions of poor, unbanked families have entered the formal economy and can now access basic financial services.

On the global stage, India’s diplomatic efforts are driven by the philosophy of vasudhaiva kutumbakam - the world is one family. This is the kind of narrative the world needs for such a time as this. Indeed, India’s call for renewed and reformed multilateralism is resonating with global leaders and policy-makers.

In the past few years, major structural reforms have been launched by the Indian government to boost the long-term outlook of the economy. The government’s vision to catalyze India’s transformation is evident in the launch of several initiatives including the Gati Shakti National Master Plan and the Atmanirbhar Bharat mission.

The government has also announced the National Infrastructure Pipeline and National Monetization Plan to boost infrastructure development. This wide-ranging development agenda supports initiatives across multiple sectors including reforms to consolidate multiple and disparate labour laws, drafting of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, and banking reforms. India must maintain the momentum of these laudable initiatives and continue to enhance the robustness and vitality of its economy. At the same time, these and other structural reforms should be aimed at ensuring equitable and inclusive growth.

This is critical because the pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing inequalities and their impact on vulnerable groups who are mainly employed in the informal sector. These are inequalities that the Indian government was addressing even before the pandemic struck through inclusive and equitable development that includes the provision of income support for farmers, safe and affordable housing, safe drinking water and electricity for all.

Going forward, India will have to prioritize economic expansion and sustainability to maintain its trajectory of growth and influence. The country must continue to embrace transformational, rather than incremental change to shape an economic policy that supports rapid growth. This will require a continued commitment to wide-ranging and systemic sectoral reforms, with strong measures to restore fiscal balance and strengthen the banking system.

India will also need to continue making strides to increase competitiveness and the ease of doing business. The country will also have to ramp up its infrastructure efforts, not just for roads and bridges, but for health and education too. Equally critical is the need to ensure that India’s demographic advantage becomes a dividend and that millions of young people entering the workforce every year gain meaningful employment.

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One must also mention India’s renewed focus on the space sector via the recently launched Indian Space Association . Back here on planet earth, however, the Indian government is also placing due emphasis on manufacturing. With the reshoring of global supply chains and quest for geographical diversification in their redistribution, India offers a safe and stable destination and could emerge as an important hub for global manufacturing. India has a demographic advantage, skilled workforce, technical know-how, and the research and development capacity needed to create a strong niche for itself in the global market.

Last but not least, India is also expeditiously moving forward on its energy transition journey: the government’s plan to establish a National Hydrogen Mission is a step in the right direction. India also has a unique opportunity, and an important role, in fostering regional co-operation in South Asia, thus creating new opportunities for growth and prosperity.

Amid the ongoing volatility and change, India has a rare opportunity to undertake several policy changes to not only address the short-term public health challenges but also to become an important axis of power and influence in the post-COVID world. The World Economic Forum stands with India in its efforts to assume new leadership roles and to help propel the world into a better, brighter, and more sustainable future for all.

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India Essay

Essay on India

India is the largest democratic country. It is a big country divided into 29 states and 7 union territories. These states and union territories have been created so that the government can run the country more easily. India also has many different kinds of physical features in different parts of the country that are spread over its states and union territories. India is a very diverse country as well, which means that the people around the country are different in many ways. Even though India is such a diverse place, it is united as one country.

Political Divisions

India is the seventh-largest country and has the second-largest population in the world. Here is the map of India showing 29 states and 7 union territories. These political divisions are made so that the government can run the country more easily. Though we live in different states, everyone is an Indian first.

[Image will be uploaded soon]

Physical Features

The Indian subcontinent has many different physical features shared with its neighbours that are also in the subcontinent – Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh. The physical features of India form six different natural regions.

The Northern Mountains

The Northern Plains

The Great Indian Desert

The Southern Plateau

The Coastal Plains

The Island Regions

The Northern Mountains: These are the Himalayas, the highest mountain range in the world. They form a natural boundary between India and a large part of Asia. Two neighbouring countries, Nepal and Bhutan are situated in these mountains.

The Northern Plains: They are located to the south of the Himalayas. They extend into Pakistan in the west. Bangladesh is situated on the eastern part of the plains.

The Great Indian Desert: The western part of India is a desert with less rainfall. This desert is called the Thar Desert.

The Southern Plateau: This plateau region lies to the south of the Great Northern Plains and is called the Deccan Plateau. The Vindhya and Satpura ranges in the north, the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats surround the Deccan Plateau.

The Coastal Plains: The Eastern coastal plain lies between the Bay of Bengal and the Eastern Ghats. The western coastal plain lies between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats.

The Island Regions: The island regions of India are two archipelagos on either side of Peninsula India. The Lakshadweep Islands are in the Arabian Sea and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are in the Bay of Bengal.

The Rivers of India

The Indian subcontinent has many rivers. Some important rivers are the Indus, Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, Sutlej, the Narmada and Tapi rivers.

These physical features and rivers link the people of India.

National Symbols

The National Flag of India is in the tricolour of deep saffron at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportions. The saffron stands for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation, the white for purity and the truth and the green for faith and fertility. In the centre of the white band, there is a wheel of law in the Sarnath Lion Capital.

The National Emblem of India is a replica of the Lion of Sarnath and symbolizes India’s reaffirmation of its ancient commitment to world peace and goodwill.

The National Anthem of India is Jana Gana Mana and the National song is Vande Mataram.

The National Animal of India is Tiger, which symbolizes grace, strength and power.

The National Bird of India is Peacock, which symbolizes beauty, majesty and pride.

The National Flower of India is Lotus, which symbolizes purity, wealth, richness, knowledge and serenity.

The National Tree of India is the Great Banyan Tree and because of its characteristics and longevity, the tree is considered immortal and sacred. It is an integral part of the myths and legends in India.

The National Fruit is Mango and it is the most cultivated fruit of the tropical world.

Indian food is diverse. The geography of a region influences the food that people eat. The staple food of people is what grows in their regions. In North India, the staple food is Wheat. In East and South India, the staple food is Rice. In West India, the staple food is Millet. Daals are eaten in almost the entire country and prepared in different ways.

Indians speak different languages. The Constitution of India mentions 22 languages. However, India has around 800 languages. Hindi is the official language of India.

India is a country of many different religions and each has different festivals. Some important festivals are Baisakhi, Diwali, Eid, Ganesh Chaturthi, Dussehra and Christmas.

Unity in Diversity

The people of India, their foods, festivals and languages – all these make India a very diverse country. However, there are also things that unite the people of India:

The National symbols like the Indian flag and the National Anthem.

The Constitution of India, which was written in the early years of our Independence. It unites the Indians because it has rules and laws that are the same for all people.

The Constitution says that all Indians are equal in the eyes of the law.

All Indians who are over the age of 18 and have registered as voters can vote in elections.

FAQs on India Essay

Q1. Describe the National Flag of India.

Ans. The National Flag of India is in the tricolour of deep saffron at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportions. The saffron stands for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation, the white, for purity and the truth and the green for faith and fertility. In the centre of the white band, there is a wheel of law in the Sarnath Lion Capital.

Q2. What is the population of India?

Ans. The population of India is 1 billion 325 million. India has the second-largest population in the world.

Q3. What are the important Festivals Celebrated in India?

Ans. Some of the important festivals celebrated in India are Diwali, Dussehra, Eid and Christmas.

Q4. Why is India called the largest Democratic Country?

Ans. India is the largest democratic country because the citizens of India have the right to elect their representatives who form and run the government.

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Home — Essay Samples — Economics — Indian Economy — Impact Of Covid-19 On The Indian Economy

Impact of Covid-19 on The Indian Economy

Categories: Covid 19 India Indian Economy

About this sample

Words: 1417 |

Published: Feb 8, 2022

Words: 1417 | Pages: 3 | 8 min read

Introduction.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_India
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341266520_Effect_of_COVID-19_on_the_Indian_Economy_and_Supply_Chain
https://etinsights.et-edge.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KPMG-REPORT-compressed.pdf

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India's Post-Independence Geopolitics

Navigating challenges and shaping a new identity.

The period following India's hard-fought struggle for independence in 1947 marked a critical juncture in the nation's history, as it embarked on a journey to define its place in the complex world of geopolitics. This essay explores India's post-independence geopolitics, analyzing the challenges it faced, the strategies it employed, and the lasting impact on its global identity.

Challenges and Regional Dynamics:

One of the most immediate challenges India confronted was its tense relations with its neighbors, notably Pakistan and China. The partition of British India led to the creation of Pakistan, accompanied by communal violence and the displacement of millions. This left a legacy of distrust and hostility, culminating in the Indo-Pakistani Wars and ongoing disputes, notably over Kashmir. Meanwhile, the border conflict with China in 1962 highlighted India's vulnerability and the need to fortify its territorial integrity.

Non-Aligned Diplomacy and Cold War Context:

India, under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, adopted a non-aligned foreign policy stance. This was driven by the desire to maintain autonomy and avoid entanglement in the ideological struggles of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. India's policy of non-alignment aimed to keep channels open with both superpowers while asserting its own interests. This approach, while challenging to navigate, allowed India to garner support and assistance from various quarters without compromising its sovereignty.

Strategic Partnerships and Global Engagement:

Over time, India sought to expand its diplomatic engagements beyond non-alignment. It forged strategic partnerships with nations like the Soviet Union, which provided military and economic aid, and developed ties with other developing countries through forums like the Non-Aligned Movement. These partnerships enabled India to enhance its influence on the global stage and contribute to discussions on disarmament, decolonization, and other key issues.

Economic Liberalization and Regional Stability:

By the 1990s, India underwent significant economic reforms, shifting from a largely closed economy to a more market-oriented one. This change not only bolstered its own economic prospects but also altered its geopolitical standing. India's economic rise contributed to its growing influence, allowing it to engage more assertively in international trade and investment, while strengthening regional stability.

Nuclear Deterrence and Security Concerns:

In 1998, India conducted nuclear tests, signaling its emergence as a nuclear power. This move had complex geopolitical implications, including concerns about regional security and potential arms race with Pakistan. India's nuclear capability, though controversial, added a new layer to its geopolitical posture and security calculus.

Counterterrorism and Global Leadership:

In the 21st century, India faced new challenges, including the rise of terrorism. The Mumbai attacks of 2008 highlighted the need for international cooperation in combating terrorism. India's response showcased its capacity to lead on global issues, advocate for reforms in international institutions, and engage in diplomatic efforts to address cross-border threats.

Conclusion: Shaping a New Identity:

India's post-independence geopolitics have been marked by a delicate balancing act – striving for autonomy, maintaining regional stability, and engaging with the global community. Its non-aligned approach, strategic partnerships, economic reforms, and assertive diplomacy have contributed to shaping its identity as a significant player on the world stage. As India continues to evolve in the 21st century, its ability to navigate geopolitical challenges while pursuing its interests will remain a defining aspect of its journey.

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Essay on India

Here we have shared the Essay on India in detail so you can use it in your exam or assignment of 150, 250, 400, 500, or 1000 words.

You can use this Essay on India in any assignment or project whether you are in school (class 10th or 12th), college, or preparing for answer writing in competitive exams.

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Essay on India in 150 words

Essay on india in 200-300 words, essay on india in 500-1000 words.

India, a diverse and culturally rich country located in South Asia, is renowned for its vibrant festivals, ancient heritage sites, and diverse landscapes. With a population of over 1.3 billion people, India is a melting pot of religions, languages, and ethnicities. It is a secular nation that upholds democracy and freedom. India has made significant contributions to art, literature, science, and philosophy. Despite challenges, it has achieved progress in various fields, including technology and economic growth. As the world’s largest democracy, India’s cultural richness, traditions, and hospitality attract tourists from around the world. With a young and dynamic workforce, India is emerging as a global player in innovation and entrepreneurship. India’s resilience, cultural heritage, and growing influence continue to captivate the world, making it an important player on the global stage.

India, known as the land of diversity, is a country of rich culture, history, and traditions. It is located in South Asia and is the seventh-largest country by land area. India is renowned for its vibrant festivals, ancient heritage sites, and diverse landscapes, ranging from the majestic Himalayas to the serene backwaters of Kerala.

With a population of over 1.3 billion people, India is a melting pot of different religions, languages, and ethnicities. It is a secular country that upholds the principles of democracy and freedom. India has made significant contributions to art, literature, science, and philosophy throughout history.

Despite its challenges, India has achieved notable progress in various fields, including technology, space exploration, and economic growth. It is the world’s largest democracy and has a parliamentary system of government. India’s cultural richness, traditions, and hospitality attract millions of tourists from around the world each year.

In recent years, India has emerged as a global player, contributing to the world economy, science, and technology. It is home to a young and dynamic workforce that is driving innovation and entrepreneurship.

In conclusion, India is a country that embraces diversity, celebrates its rich cultural heritage, and strives for progress. With its vast landscapes, ancient history, and vibrant culture, India continues to captivate the world. The resilience and spirit of its people, coupled with its growing influence, make India a significant player on the global stage.

Title: India – A Tapestry of Diversity, Heritage, and Progress

Introduction :

India, a nation located in South Asia, is a land of rich cultural heritage, diverse traditions, and breathtaking landscapes. With a population of over 1.3 billion people, India is known for its vibrant festivals, ancient history, and varied cuisines. This essay explores the multifaceted aspects of India, including its rich cultural tapestry, historical significance, economic growth, and contributions to the world. From the majestic Himalayas in the north to the serene backwaters of Kerala in the south, India’s beauty and diversity captivate the hearts of millions. Let us embark on a journey through the vibrant and enchanting land of India.

Cultural Heritage

India’s cultural heritage is as vast and diverse as its geographical expanse. It is a melting pot of religions, languages, and customs. The country is home to numerous religions, including Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Each religion has its own unique rituals, traditions, and festivals, contributing to the colorful tapestry of Indian culture. Festivals like Diwali, Eid, Holi, Christmas, and Durga Puja are celebrated with great enthusiasm and are a reflection of India’s religious diversity.

Historical Significance

India boasts a rich history that spans thousands of years. It has been the birthplace of several ancient civilizations, including the Indus Valley Civilization and the Maurya and Gupta Empires. The country has been the center of learning and trade for centuries, attracting scholars, explorers, and traders from around the world. The Mughal Empire, known for its architectural marvels like the Taj Mahal, left a lasting legacy on India’s history. The British colonial rule in India and the subsequent struggle for independence led by Mahatma Gandhi shaped the modern history of the nation.

Economic Growth

India has experienced significant economic growth in recent years. It is one of the world’s fastest-growing major economies and has become a prominent player on the global stage. The country has embraced economic liberalization, attracting foreign investments and fostering entrepreneurship. India’s information technology industry, pharmaceutical sector, and service industries have flourished, contributing to its economic prosperity. However, challenges such as poverty, income inequality, and unemployment persist, highlighting the need for inclusive growth and sustainable development.

Contributions to the World

India has made remarkable contributions to various fields, including science, literature, arts, and spirituality. Ancient Indian scholars made significant advancements in mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. Indian literature, such as the Vedas, Ramayana, and Mahabharata, continues to inspire and influence people worldwide. Indian art forms like classical music, dance, and cinema have gained international recognition for their richness and beauty. Spiritual traditions like yoga and meditation have transcended borders, offering tools for holistic well-being.

Unity in Diversity

India’s strength lies in its unity amidst diversity. Despite its linguistic, religious, and cultural differences, the people of India have come together as a nation. The Constitution of India, adopted in 1950, upholds the principles of democracy, secularism, and unity. The diverse fabric of Indian society is reflected in its official languages, Hindi and English, and the recognition of regional languages. India’s unity in diversity is celebrated through cultural exchange, interfaith dialogue, and the promotion of national integration.

Future Challenges and Opportunities

India faces a range of challenges, including poverty, environmental degradation, healthcare disparities, and social inequality. Addressing these challenges requires concerted efforts in education, healthcare, sustainable development, and social welfare. However, India also presents immense opportunities for progress. With a young and dynamic workforce, a vibrant entrepreneurial spirit, and a growing middle class, India has the potential to achieve inclusive growth, technological advancements, and social transformation.

Conclusion :

India, with its diverse cultures, historical significance, economic growth, and contributions to the world, stands as a shining example of unity in diversity. The nation’s cultural heritage, ancient history, and rapid development reflect its resilience and potential. As India continues its journey toward progress and prosperity, it must embrace sustainable development, address societal challenges, and build an inclusive and equitable society. India’s beauty, traditions, and people leave an indelible mark on the hearts and minds of those who explore its captivating tapestry.

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Incredible India Essay

India is a country with vast culture and heritage. It has almost all types of landforms, climatic conditions, different languages, and religions, which represents unity in diversity. There are famous heritage sites and monuments in India which make anyone breathless. It has ice-covered Himalayan mountains in the north, the Thar Desert in Rajasthan, the rain forest in Assam and Meghalaya, the sea coast in Gujarat etc., which enhances its beauty. In India, guests are treated as God because they believe in “Atithi Devo Bhava”. With the help of this essay on Incredible India, students will get an overview of India, its culture and tradition.

Students can also check out the list of CBSE Essays to practise more essays on different topics to improve their writing skills. By boosting their writing section, they can participate in various writing competitions as well.

500+ Words Essay on Incredible India

India is the seventh largest country in the world. It lies to the north of the equator, between 804’ and 3706’ North Latitude and 6807’ and 97025’ East Longitude. India is spread over 3 million square kilometres of area and accounts for 20% of the world’s population. It is the fourth-largest economy and the fastest-growing free-market democracy. India shares its border with seven countries, which are Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar and Bangladesh. Sri Lanka and the Maldives are two countries that share water borders.

India is connected to the world with a vast network of 334 airports. It has the world’s second-largest rail network, which includes the most expensive trains like Maharajas’ Express, Palace on Wheels, The Golden Chariot, and The Deccan Odyssey. The road network of India is also well connected with the cities, towns and rural areas by expressways and highways.

India gained independence on 15 August 1947. Its National Bird is the peacock, while the National Animal is the tiger. The National Anthem is “Jana-gana-mana”, and the National Song is “Vande Mataram”. There are a lot of festivals celebrated in India. Some of the famous festivals are Diwali, Holi, Durga Puja, and Raksha Bandhan.

India’s Political and Administrative Divisions

India is a democratic country where all rights are given to its citizens. The government is formed by polling the election. For administrative purposes, the country is divided into 28 States and 8 Union Territories. Delhi is the national capital. The states are formed on the basis of languages.

Physical Features of India

India is marked by a diversity of physical features. It has many mountains, plains, plateaus, coasts and islands. In the north, it has beautiful Kashmir, which has the snow-capped Himalayas. It is a famous tourist place, and popular hill stations are situated here.

The Northern Indian plains lie to the south of the Himalayas, which are flat. These are formed by the alluvial deposits laid down by the Indus, the Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries. These plains are fertile areas and are best for cultivation. Due to this reason, the population of this area is denser.

In the western part of India lies the Great Indian desert. This place is a hot, dry and sandy stretch of land. It has very little vegetation. To the south of the Northern plains lies the Peninsular plateau. This region has numerous hill ranges and valleys. The rivers Narmada and Tapi flow through these ranges. These are west-flowing rivers that drain into the Arabian Sea.

To the west of the Western Ghats and the east of the Eastern Ghats lie the Coastal plains. The rivers Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri drain into the Bay of Bengal. These rivers have formed fertile deltas at their mouths. The Sunderban Delta is formed where the Ganga and Brahmaputra flow into the Bay of Bengal.

Two groups of islands also form part of India. Lakshadweep Islands are located in the Arabian Sea. These are coral islands located off the coast of Kerala. The Andaman and the Nicobar Islands lie to the southeast of the Indian mainland in the Bay of Bengal.

Incredible India Campaign

The Government of India started off a marketing campaign, “Incredible India”, in 2002 to boost tourism in the country and project India as a credible tourist destination. The incredible diversity exists in India with varied people, customs, topography, culture, and language, which itself perfectly suits the slogan ‘Incredible India’. The campaign was launched by the Ministry of Tourism to promote India as a world-class tourist destination.

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Essay on India After Independence

Students are often asked to write an essay on India After Independence in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

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100 Words Essay on India After Independence

Introduction.

India, after gaining independence on August 15, 1947, has made significant strides in various fields. The journey was challenging, but the nation’s progress is commendable.

Political Developments

India’s political landscape underwent a dramatic change. It became a democratic republic with a constitution, ensuring citizens’ rights and freedoms.

Economic Growth

India’s economy has seen a significant transformation. It has moved from an agrarian economy to a global player in services and manufacturing.

Social Changes

Society has evolved with improved literacy rates, gender equality, and reduced caste discrimination. However, challenges remain.

Technological Advancements

India’s technological progress is noteworthy, with achievements in space technology, IT, and nuclear energy.

India’s journey post-independence is a story of resilience and progress. The nation continues to strive for inclusive growth and development.

250 Words Essay on India After Independence

India, after gaining independence on August 15, 1947, embarked on a journey of nation-building. The task was not easy, considering the diverse socio-cultural fabric and the economic challenges. Nevertheless, India has achieved substantial progress in various domains.

India established itself as a democratic republic with the adoption of the constitution on January 26, 1950. The democratic structure allowed the citizens to participate actively in the nation’s governance, ensuring political stability. However, the journey was not devoid of hurdles, including political corruption, communalism, and regionalism.

Economic Progress

Post-independence, India opted for a mixed economy model. The initial years were marked by Five-Year Plans focusing on industrialization and agricultural growth. The economic liberalization in 1991 marked a significant turning point, leading to increased foreign investments, rapid industrial growth, and IT boom. However, economic disparity and poverty remain pressing issues.

India has seen a substantial transformation in its social structure. Education and awareness have led to the questioning of age-old customs and traditions, leading to social reforms. The status of women has improved significantly, with increased participation in education and workforce. However, issues like casteism and gender inequality persist.

India after independence has made remarkable strides in various spheres. However, challenges persist, and addressing them requires concerted efforts. The journey of India post-independence is a testament to the resilience and spirit of its people. Future progress hinges on the country’s ability to harness its demographic dividend and address the existing socio-economic disparities.

500 Words Essay on India After Independence

The dawn of independence.

India’s tryst with destiny began on the 15th of August 1947, when it became an independent nation after two centuries of British rule. The euphoria of independence was tempered by the pain of partition that created the two nations of India and Pakistan. Despite the challenges, India embarked on a journey of nation-building, aiming to establish a democratic and secular state.

Political Evolution

The first general elections in 1952 marked the commencement of India’s democratic journey. The Indian National Congress, the party that led the freedom struggle, emerged as the dominant political force, shaping the country’s policies and development for several decades. Over time, the political landscape diversified, with the rise of regional parties reflecting the country’s complex socio-cultural fabric.

Economic Transformation

At the dawn of independence, India adopted a mixed economy model, combining features of both capitalism and socialism. The focus was on state-led industrialization, with the public sector playing a dominant role. However, the sluggish growth rate led to economic reforms in 1991. The liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG) model opened the Indian economy to foreign investment, leading to rapid economic growth and making India one of the fastest-growing economies in the world.

India’s social sphere has also witnessed significant transformations since independence. The Constitution of India, adopted in 1950, abolished untouchability and declared all citizens equal, regardless of their caste, creed, or gender. Over the decades, various social reform movements and legislation have aimed to eradicate social evils and promote gender equality. However, challenges like caste-based discrimination, gender violence, and economic inequality persist and require concerted efforts to overcome.

Scientific Advancements

India’s post-independence journey has also been marked by remarkable achievements in science and technology. The establishment of premier institutions like the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) has propelled India to the forefront of scientific research and technological innovation. The successful launch of the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) in 2013 exemplified India’s scientific prowess on the global stage.

India’s Global Standing

Over the years, India has established itself as a significant player in global affairs. It has played a key role in the Non-Aligned Movement during the Cold War and has been a vocal advocate for the rights of developing countries. Today, India is a member of important global platforms like the G20 and BRICS and is a strong contender for a permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council.

India’s journey since independence has been a saga of resilience, growth, and transformation. Despite numerous challenges, the nation has made significant strides in various fields. However, the journey is far from over. As India continues to evolve, it must address persistent social and economic disparities to truly realize the dreams of its founding fathers. The future holds immense possibilities, and the onus is on the current generation to shape it.

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The new book of jobs: How India Inc. is navigating through a changing work environment

Byline: Krishna Gopalan
Producer: Arnav Das Sharma

Companies are scrambling to meet the demands of the disruptive post-pandemic business environment. They are creating new functions even as they confront a huge change in the composition of the workforce

For the past two years, Hindustan Unilever Ltd (HUL) has gone to business schools specifically looking for graduates inclined towards digital commerce. That’s nothing unusual, except that traditional sales and marketing functions have made way for new job descriptions. It indicates a changing India where many opportunities have forced companies regardless of size to look for talent but with a difference, and this comes forth in the BT -Taggd survey of The Best Companies to Work For in India this year.

Just what is the change? Today’s talent—and there’s plenty of that in India—is looking for a new set of challenges and new-age roles. For them, a sales and marketing job is passé. For instance, HUL has created the position of e-commerce manager. Large FMCG companies see around 10% of their revenues in the digital age coming from e-commerce channels, and even the most conservative estimates suggest the number could touch 30% by the end of the decade. Besides, every company recognises the need to have a closer look at their business. That has led to the creation of new positions, with clear job descriptions.

“All this is in line with the change we are bringing about in each of our businesses,” says Anuradha Razdan, Executive Director (HR) and CHRO, HUL & Unilever South Asia.

This process will test the mettle of the best companies as the workforce gets reoriented across levels.

“ At senior management levels, we are seeing a greater focus on reskilling with a robust understanding of tech. It is pushing them to focus a lot more on cognitive, EQ and leadership skills ” DEEPTI SAGAR Chief People and Experience Officer Deloitte India

Redefining Roles

This change is recent. Around a decade ago, any large organisation had a defined set of positions. There was a CFO, a CHRO, a CMO, a COO and, of course, a CEO. “Today, a Chief Data Officer or a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) are realities,” says Aditya Narayan Mishra, MD & CEO of recruitment and staffing services firm CIEL HR. Apart from talent wanting new-age roles, they also see the need to specialise in one area, he adds.

Earlier, only a CTO would suffice; but in several companies there is a need for a CISO as well. “In a lot of industries, data protection is an important piece and a part of the overall boardroom agenda. A generalist may not fit the bill here in an age of such a specialised need,” explains Mishra.

Speaking of new-age sectors—such as companies in the tech space—finance is a key role. Mishra points out that these firms tend to have a Chief Accounting Officer as well as a CFO. “For these companies, fundraising is a big part of their overall business. A CFO may be very good with a treasury function, but this is a very different requirement.”

Likewise, a CHRO is now complemented by a Chief Talent Officer, who looks after the employer brand and areas related to talent management but will not oversee, say, issues related to payroll.

Digitisation has expedited the extent to which technology dominates business functions in a post-pandemic world. The consensus among experts is that what would have taken a decade to change, has happened in less than two years. The thrust on AI and its impact on our lives has been profound and the stage is set for an extremely dynamic future.

Deepti Sagar, Chief People and Experience Officer at consultancy Deloitte India, says job profiles across levels at her organisation are being driven by technological disruptions, economic advances, and a progressive business ecosystem.

“There are also macro trends like a heightened focus on ESG and an increasing proportion of Gen Z at work. All this means there is a significant shift in client demands and requirements from professional services,” she says. The result of this is a greater focus on newer job families and skills. “In the last 12-18 months, this has further been accelerated by the advent of Gen AI.”

“ For these [new-age tech] companies, fundraising is a big part of their overall business. A CFO may be very good with a treasury function, but this is a very different requirement ” ADITYA NARAYAN MISHRA MD & CEO CIEL HR

Time to Reorient

But one can’t just bet on tech disruption. For instance, in many industries it was believed that technology would supersede (and even replace) the conventional ways of doing business. But that has not been the case. For example, edtech flourished at one point, but once classrooms were back in vogue, its popularity waned.

Mishra points out that large conglomerates like the Tata group, Reliance Industries, Aditya Birla Group, and the likes of Asian Paints and HUL struck up a healthy combination of both new-age and conventional methods of doing business. “The Tatas, for instance, launched Cliq and Neu, and even reoriented some of their older businesses like automobiles. However, it has been marked by judiciousness in investment at all levels.”

A new-age organisation needs people across levels to have a better understanding of the business. Bhavishya Sharma, MD of Athena Executive Search & Consulting, says a CFO, for instance, must necessarily grasp what social media is all about and its impact, without operating in a silo. The new B2C companies run on these fundamentals and that, over time, helps the more conventional businesses become more agile, he explains.

“A large FMCG major today needs to look at its channel of distribution from the perspective of adding digitisation attributes. The reorientation is not only for the freshers off campus, but a reskilling across levels is the big theme.” He speaks of a large consumer company that his organisation works with where the requirement was to have a gamification of training for its blue-collar workers. “That was never the case before and it is an indication of how much things have changed.”

Deloitte’s Sagar highlights how at the entry level, jobs related to technology, AI, creativity, and sustainability are in demand. “At the mid- and senior management [levels], we are witnessing a greater focus on reskilling with a robust understanding of technology. It is pushing them to focus a lot more on cognitive, EQ (emotional quotient) and leadership skills to [get the] best out of the new generation and hone future leaders in an era of AI,” she explains.

For an organisation, a lot depends on where it is today and the industry it is in. While bifurcation of functions is very much the “done thing” today, a big development can radically change how the business is viewed. In that context, Sharma of Athena cites the example of, say, a conventional company on a steady growth path, being acquired by a private equity fund. “Suddenly, areas like cloud service and security become very critical. The company starts to invest in that and the composition of the workforce can look very different,” he says.

While the workforce is changing, where are we in terms of the change cycle? Ronesh Puri, MD of executive search firm Executive Access, says this is the beginning of a phase of much bigger changes. “The opportunities lie in the throes of multiple changes. In the next five years, we will see a transformation across businesses that will be more profound than what we saw over the last two decades.”

That will happen because India is getting a lot of global attention and it being the fastest-growing major economy makes for a heady combination, he says. “The quantum of action has increased manifold across industries and we are still in second gear. For companies, the bet is on getting it right tomorrow and to make that possible, it needs to lay the foundation today.”

Puri says the need is for transformational leaders who have a clear vision of the future. “Companies are looking for talent with adaptability, humility, maturity, and confidence. The focus is on execution skills, people skills and the ability to look at the larger picture.” Much as strategy will be a key ingredient, a sound understanding of the market is necessary.

For recruiters, the FMCG sector was a happy hunting ground for talent. Executives from this space could easily move to industries like telecommunications and insurance, given their experience in sales, marketing and distribution. Sharma says this will not work anymore. People position themselves these days as growth experts with experience across sectors, he says. “Be it consumer or automobiles, they have the confidence to pull it off,” says Sharma. That is an indication of how things have changed and are likely to change in the times to come.

“ Companies are looking for talent with adaptability, humility, maturity, and confidence. The focus is on execution skills, people skills and the ability to look at the larger picture ” Ronesh Puri Managing Director Executive Access

Puri of Executive Access says the need for premium talent will always remain, and those candidates demonstrating a hunger for growth will command a higher premium. “Nomenclatures will change when it comes to job titles but the person who can effect change is the one you want to recruit,” he says. In the middle of this disruption, employees who have been with an organisation for a long time may not gain substantially if they are unable to be a part of the change, adds Puri. In the coming years, the ability to manage change will command even more premium. “New blood coming in means challenging the status quo. A leaner and hungrier organisation with a constant focus on reorientation is what we are going to see for many years.”

As a result of this transformation, functions like data entry and analytics-led jobs have already been replaced, says Deloitte’s Sagar. “We see a lot more demand for roles like tech architecture, green UI/UX, cloud engineering, business experience, and insights management,” she says. “For example, clients can deploy Gen AI to design a new-age intuitive dashboard but would need help from partners like us for deriving real-time insights and driving a value-accretive call to action.” It means her clients need to be served across the end-to-end transformation cycle as opposed to just “advise, implement or operate cycles”.

These days, roles and job responsibilities are being aligned with global requirements specifically in the context where a sizeable portion of the tech delivery for global clients takes place out of India. “There could be minor variations to suit the local market, but overall, new-age job families and skills are aligned with global changes,” she says.

That only demonstrates how much India Inc. needs to do to get the best out of its talent. But to do that, companies themselves need to continuously go through the process of reorientation. There is no letting up on that.

In the pages that follow, read about how companies are coping with these trends.

UI Developer : Pankaj Negi Creative Producer : Raj Verma Illustrations : Anirban Ghosh

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