essay about special relationship

Analysing the ‘Special Relationship’ between the US and UK in a Transatlantic Context

The term ‘Special Relationship’ publicly emerged in Winston Churchill’s ‘Iron Curtain’ speech of 1946 (Dumbrell, 7:2001), and has subsequently been used to describe the supposedly unique alliance between America and the UK. Ultimately, this relationship is a socially constructed identity based on the shared values, language, and history of these two powers (Dumbrell, 65:2009). As such, the construction and mutual use of the term ‘Special Relationship’ indicates that each actor identifies the other as a unique and dominant ally. It can therefore be said that rhetorically, the US-UK alliance does dominate all other Transatlantic relationships. Indeed, the mutual uptake and largely enduring use of the term through the years has resulted in a relatively normalised and accepted perception of the US-UK relationship as ‘special’. The discursive power fostered within the phrase itself has therefore translated into the social world through repetition, socialisation, and practice. As such, the supremacy of this relationship does not merely exist in the linguistic realm. For instance, the superiority of the alliance exists in the social world through the practical pursuit of shared values, as well as through the medium of defence and intelligence sharing (Dumbrell, 64:2009). However, the ‘Special Relationship’ is a fluid, unfixed, and fluctuating identity, which has proved itself to be malleable through different contexts and trials.

While the relationship may possess rhetorical dominance, there is a fluctuating degree of practical superiority, which suggests that the ‘relationship can be no stronger than the contemporary common interest it serves’ (Gompert, 44:2003). As other Transatlantic relationships can sometimes appear more useful, it can be said that the alliance’s supremacy is largely contingent on self-interest, context, and from whose perspective one is looking. Ultimately, the rhetorical power of the term has created a veneer of dominance that cannot always be practically substantiated. Thus, while the US-UK partnership is stronger in many ways than most other alliances, it is not accurate to assume that the ‘Special Relationship’ consistently dominates all other Transatlantic partnerships. It does not account for contextual changes or varying strengths and weaknesses through different trials and contexts.

This essay will specifically explore the UK-US alliance and the ways in which it can, and cannot be seen to dominate other relationships. It willfirstly explore the term ‘Special Relationship’ itself, and the power that this phrase both embodies and projects. Following this, the ‘Special Relationship’ will be discussed as a form of identity, which will subsequently be used to justify the supremacy of the alliance. The essay will then turn to explore the ways in which America and the UK are tied together in a unique fashion, with specific focus on intelligence and defence based features of the partnership. Following this, the alternate angle of the strains and weaknesses of the ‘Special Relationship’ will be looked at. This will firstly entail an analysis of the differing perceptions of the alliance itself, and will be followed by an exploration of the fluid and fluctuating nature of the relationship through various trials and contexts.

In order to assess the dominance of US-UK relations, one must analyse the discourse used to describe the alliance. Through the lens of critical constructivism, language is a form of power (Hopf, 177:1998), and as such, the term ‘Special Relationship’ itself is instilled with a degree of significance. As Jennifer Milliken argues, ‘discourses can operate as background capacities for persons to differentiate and identify things…and [relate] them to other objects’ (231:1999). The use of the word ‘special’ is therefore inherently suggestive of importance, and helps to socially construct the dominance of the US-UK relationship. The word ‘special’ is also rarely used to describe any other Transatlantic relations, which subsequently lends degree of superiority to the US-UK alliance that other relationships are not afforded. However, one cannot simply take the word ‘special’ at face value; the meaning and subsequent power behind such wording must be explored, and therefore attention must be paid to the constructors of such language (Epstein 327:2010). In this instance, it is the Special Relationship’s subjects who created the term, which had been previously used in private communications, but became publicly used after Winston Churchill’s ‘Iron Curtain’ speech in 1946 (Dumbrell 7:2001). The existence of shared language, history and values, as well as the war experience (Dumbrell 65:2009) impregnated the word ‘special’ with a significance grounded in reality. As ‘language imbues events and actions with meaning’ (Goddard & Krebs 70:2018), the phrase ‘Special Relationship’ embodies the creators’ perception that the UK-US alliance is both unique and dominant. Thus, the language used is a social product formed by background knowledge and the circumstances in which Britain and America found themselves, and therefore the use of the word ‘special’ must be seen as an indicator of the dominance of the US-UK alliance.

This dominance is therefore derived from the identity that is created by the use of such a term. As Charlotte Epstein argues, states ‘position themselves in relation to other states by adopting certain discourses and not others’ (341:2010). Discourses can construct perceptions of international hierarchies, whereby some actors are identified as higher in the global ‘pecking order’ than others, based on a range of both hard and soft power capabilities (Pouliot, 11:2016). As such, Britain and America may perceive each other as particularly high up in the international hierarchy, and therefore view their bilateral relationship as one that is imbued with this superiority. Moreover, this ‘special’ form of identification stipulates the existence of a collective identity between the two states. The collective ‘Self’ of the US and the UK within the ‘Special Relationship’ sets them apart from the ‘Others’ who are not involved in the alliance (Buzan, 18:2004). This separation of ‘Self’ from ‘Other’ suggests the self-perception of the dominance of the US-UK relationship in comparison to other Transatlantic alliances. As Alex Danchev notes, the relationship between the UK and America has become an ‘unusually self-conscious one’ (190:2007), thus indicating that the two actors are mutually aware of the unique alliance and identity that they share. Therefore, the ‘Special Relationship’ between Britain and America can be seen to dominate all other Transatlantic alliances, because the participants have identified each other as unique allies.

Moreover, the use of the phrase has helped to translate the linguistic power of the term into a form of dominance in the social world. This has occurred through the endurance and repetition of the phrase through the years. Indeed, despite its inception in 1946, the term has continually been used by multiple Prime Ministers and Presidents within the 21 st Century (Dumbrell, 2009). As Nicholas Onuf argues, repetition of language or a particular discourse can create a degree of significance, as it helps to construct socially accepted norms within reality (66:1998). The language of the ‘Special Relationship’ has therefore cultivated a degree of supremacy in the social world. Socially constructed knowledge and meaning, which is comprised of the shared values and experiences that impregnated the word ‘special’ with its significance, have created a reality of dominance (Guzzini 499:2005). This view is corroborated by Douglas Stuart, who argues that the discursive existence of a so-called ‘Special Relationship’ has resulted in a ‘deeply ingrained… habit of cooperation’ between the two powers (Stuart, 204:2006). Consequently, a process of socialisation has occurred, which has been aided by the repetition of language and practice, thereby causing the ‘Special Relationship’ to become somewhat normalised (Ramos, 119:2018). As such, language should be seen as a ‘productive of power’ (Goddard & Krebs, 71:2018), as it can help to build social reality, and bring concepts into material being. Thus, the enduring narrative of the term ‘Special Relationship’ has helped to translate linguistic power into a form of superiority in the social world by socialising America and Britain into this assumption about reality. As such, the discourse surrounding the alliance does mean that the ‘Special Relationship’ between America and the UK dominates all others in the context of the Transatlantic.

The translation of power from the linguistic realm into the social world can be demonstrated by the ways in which the ‘Special Relationship’ exists in practice, and has, in many ways, been institutionalised. The phrase was historically imbued with the understanding that Britain and America share language, history and values (Dumbrell, 65:2009), and as they still maintain similar perceptions of the world and how it should be (Dobson & Marsh, 689:2014), the rhetoric of their ‘shared values’ has been translated into practice. For instance, the 2015 UK Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR) highlighted how the two nations provide joint global leadership to promote international stability, and some of their key shared interests (51:2015). These include working to combat terrorism, as well as ‘promoting the rule of law and free trade’ (51:2015). For example, in October 2019, Britain and America signed the first ever bilateral agreement to allow greater and faster access to each other’s data regarding crimes such as terrorism, known as the Bilateral Data Access Agreement (BDAA) (Department of Justice, 2019). This demonstrates how shared values are being transformed into unique practical realities, which can also be exemplified by the promotion of free trade, which is another vital shared interest. In practice, America is the UK’s largest single export partner (Ministry of Defence, 51:2015). This suggests that for the UK, the ‘Special Relationship’ does not just dominate other Transatlantic relations, but can also be superior on a global scale. These two nations also invest $1 trillion in each other’s economies, making the ‘Special Relationship’ the closest investment alliance in the world (Fox, 2018), therefore reinforcing the Transatlantic, and indeed global, superiority of this alliance. Therefore, the Transatlantic dominance of the ‘Special Relationship’ does not merely exist in the linguistic realm, as it also permeates some facets of reality.

Furthermore, throughout the existence of the ‘Special Relationship’, intelligence sharing has been a key practical way in which the UK-US alliance dominates all other Transatlantic relations (Dumbrell, 64:2009). The UKUSA Agreement of March 1946, which was initially formed as a bilateral vehicle for intelligence sharing on the eve of the Cold War (Tossini, 2017), not only ‘consolidated the Special Relationship between Britain and the United States’ (2017) in its early years, but also continues to be in existence today. While its scope has somewhat broadened to include Australia, Canada and New Zealand to create the ‘Five Eyes Alliance’ (Pfluke 302:2019), this relationship is unmatched in the context of the Transatlantic. Indeed, in 2010 the House of Commons Foreign Affairs Select Committee highlighted US-UK intelligence sharing as a key feature of the partnership, noting that ‘the field of intelligence cooperation is one of the areas where the UK-US relationship can be rightly described as “special”’ (Foreign Affairs Committee, 42:2010). This perspective was more recently corroborated in the 2015 SDSR, which described the US-UK intelligence sharing relationship as ‘unparalleled’ (51:2015). As well as the aforementioned BDAA, this can be exemplified by the expansion of intelligence sharing on information regarding terrorism in August 2019 (Ministry of Defence, 30:2019), thus further extending this already unique and vital relationship. Moreover, UK and US based intelligence agencies have been continually proven to work exceptionally close with one another. For instance, in 2013, it emerged that the US National Security Agency had given around £100 million to the UK’s GCHQ within a three-year period to secure both access and influence to some of the UK’s key intelligence collecting programmes (Hopkins & Borger, 2013). This displays the significant degree to which British and American agencies are involved with each other’s intelligence gathering, as well as suggesting that the intelligence relationship also has close financial underpinnings. Therefore, the ‘Special Relationship’ between the UK and America can be seen to dominate all other Transatlantic relations because it enjoys an unparalleled alliance in terms of intelligence sharing. This feature has effectively institutionalised the partnership, giving it a grounded superiority over other Transatlantic alliances.

Following on from this, the relationship has both contemporarily and historically been the most comprehensive, dominant, and unique in the realm of defence (Bartlett 178:1992). This defensive relationship has endured since the Second World War, with the 2019 SDSR update claiming that the UK and US still ‘have a unique, strong and enduring partnership with the US, in foreign, defence and security policy’ (28:2019). This ‘unique’ alliance was most evidently demonstrated by the 2003 Iraq War, where the UK’s support for US action has been interpreted as a core example of the defensive nature of the ‘Special Relationship’ (Rees, 42:2011). Wyn Rees has argued that during this period, UK loyalty almost solely lay with Washington, largely to the detriment of some of the UK’s European relationships (42:2011). This view is corroborated by Jane Sharp, who posits that the UK prioritised its alliance with America over relationships with some of its most vital European allies (59:2004). As such, the Iraq War demonstrated the dominance of the UK-US ‘Special Relationship’ over others in the Transatlantic, as the UK and US stood by each other despite facing criticism from other European powers (Rees, 42:2011). Furthermore, nuclear cooperation has long been assessed as a unique feature of the ‘Special Relationship’. The Mutual Defence Agreement of 1958 allowed for unparalleled cooperation on nuclear technologies (Foreign Affairs Committee, 46:2010), and this agreement was reinstated in 2014 for a further ten years (Norton-Taylor, 2014). Additionally, the ‘unique’ defensive relationship can also be seen with regard to the use of joint forces and collaboration on defensive programmes (Oliver & Williams, 6:2017). For instance, the UK is the only ‘Tier 1’ partner to the US on the Joint Strike Fighter Programme, which is one of the largest defence equipment programmes (HM Government, 28:2019), and this has subsequently allowed the UK unique status in purchasing US defensive equipment (Rees, 41:2011). Moreover, the ‘Special Relationship’ has proved itself to be a key part of NATO. A House of Commons Defence Committee report in June 2018 concluded that the US-UK alliance was ‘fundamental for the functioning of NATO’ (27:2018), citing the relationship’s leadership within the organisation, superior ability to deploy troops, financial involvement, and largely complementary policy goals as key reasons for this (27:2018). Other powerful European nations, such as Germany, have been more reluctant to contribute in such a way to NATO, and do not, for example, pay 2% of their GDP to the organisation (Knuckey, 2019). This reinforces the Special Relationship’s Transatlantic dominance not just in bilateral terms, but also within multilateral institutions.

However, the ‘Special Relationship’ is ultimately a socially constructed identity which is consequently subject to change based on a number of contextual and nation-specific factors. As such, the dominance of the relationship can vary based on whose perspective one is looking from. Historically, the UK has often been painted as the more dependent of the two allies (Bartlett, 110:1992). As David Reynolds argues, from the early 1960s to 1970s, the UK experienced a decline in its ‘Great Power’ status, and subsequently its importance as an ally to the US (13:1985). During this period, the UK was somewhat dependent on American economic aid which, as C. J. Bartlett argues, exposed the UK to notable levels of US influence (110:1992). This period is an example of how the UK has historically been more reliant on the ‘Special Relationship’ than America. Due to this, one must question whether the alliance can be evaluated as dominating all other relationships in the Transatlantic when it seems imbalanced, and far more important from the UK’s perspective than America’s. As John Dumbrell has noted, the ‘Special Relationship’ is ‘spoken of largely in British accents’ (65:2009), which denotes the disparity in perception of the importance of the partnership. Indeed, this imbalance of superiority is not merely historical. While defence and nuclear capability is often described to be a central feature of the Special Relationship’s unique character (178:1992), one-sided dependencies even exist within these core features. For example, the UK’s nuclear deterrent is significantly dependent on Washington (Wallis-Simons, 2015). While the UK retains full operational control of its nuclear weapons (Allison, 2019), the UK’s nuclear submarines are essentially maintained and designed by the US, with their nuclear missiles being leased from America (Wallis-Simons, 2015). As Jake Wallis-Simons argues, ‘Trident cuts to the heart of the US-UK Special Relationship, and its contrasting significance for London and Washington’ (2015). This supports the House of Commons Defence Committee’s 2018 conclusion that the UK was ‘over-reliant’ on the US as an ally, particularly in defensive terms (22:2018). Furthermore, with the 2020 British exit from the European Union (Brexit), there is cause to believe that the UK will place even greater emphasis on the ‘Special Relationship’. Ex-Secretary of State for International Trade, Liam Fox MP suggested in 2018 that Brexit would provide the UK with the ‘opportunity to raise [the Special Relationship] to a new level’ (Fox, 2018). Negotiating a trade deal with the US, as well as with the EU, now forms a key part of the UK’s post-Brexit strategy, highlighting re-emerging dependencies on the ‘Special Relationship’ from the British point of view. As such, from the UK’s perspective, the dominance of the US-UK ‘Special Relationship’ somewhat derives from a state of dependency. Therefore, for Britain, this degree of dependency means that the ‘Special Relationship’ does dominate all other relationships in the context of the Transatlantic, as the UK is more reliant on the US than it is on many other relationships.

This state of dependency, however, is not wholly mirrored by the more globally, militarily, and economically powerful US. As such, rather than dependency, the dominance of the ‘Special Relationship’ from the American perspective is more contingent on a state of convenience and self-interest. As previously mentioned, the 1960s and 1970s saw a decline in the UK’s value to America, which coincided with the decline of the UK as a ‘Great Power’ (Reynolds, 13:1985). This suggests that the ‘Special Relationship’ is only dominant from the US perspective when the UK is able to contribute to the alliance as a capable power. One must therefore question Britain’s current value to the US. The UK has traditionally acted as a ‘bridge’ between the US and Europe, and has advocated for policies within Europe that align with American stances (Oliver & Williams, 554:2016). As such, Brexit may damage this important position that the UK has held, and thereby lead to a decline in the perceived value of the UK as a ‘special’ US ally. Regarding Brexit, in 2016 President Obama warned that the UK would be at the ‘back of the queue’ for a trade deal with the US if it left the EU (BBC, 2016). This suggests that the UK alliance does not hold a consistent position of superiority, and that for America, the dominance of the ‘Special Relationship’ is dependent on context and self-interest. As such, the nature of imbalance within the US-UK alliance implies that assessing the ‘Special Relationship’ as dominating all others in the context of the Transatlantic is too much of a blanket interpretation. It is more dominant from UK perspective, and fluctuates based on convenience and context from the US point of view. This means that the relationship can sometimes be dominant, but it attests to the argument that the alliance is ultimately a socially constructed identity that is subject to change.

Moreover, this perception of convenience from the US perspective has led America to shift its focus to other European powers on occasion. Particularly under Obama, Germany’s status as an ally to the US was significantly raised (Oreskes, 2016). Germany’s European leadership over a number of issues such as the refugee crisis, as well as its strong promotion of US-EU sanctions against Vladmir Putin after the Crimean annexation in 2014 (Oreskes, 2016) enhanced Germany’s value as a US ally. Furthermore, post-Brexit, France will be the only nation that is part of the EU, has a permanent UN Security Council membership, and has nuclear capabilities (Riley-Smith, 2019). Due to this, France has the potential to become a particularly valuable US ally, perhaps even more so than Britain in some regards. Indeed, France has also previously acted as a strong military partner to the US. It was the first American ally to support and join US air strikes against the Islamic State in 2014 (BBC, 2014), thus undercutting the assumption that Britain is defensively always America’s closest partner. Moreover, while shared history and values are often seen to lie at the heart of the US-UK alliance, it is not only Britain that shares such things with America. From the American War of Independence to the modern day, France has consistently been a steadfast US ally (Riley-Smith, 2019). This fact prompted President Macron to describe the US-France partnership as a ‘very special relationship’ in a visit to Washington in 2018 (Riley-Smith, 2019). The use of this language suggests that the ‘Special Relationship’ does not dominate all Transatlantic relations because other nations regard themselves as having similar partnerships. This makes the role of perspective important because it suggests that other countries do not necessarily view the US-UK relationship as superior, and proves that the rhetoric of the ‘Special Relationship’ has created a veneer of supremacy that is not wholly reflected in reality. Thus, while Britain may see the relationship as superior, overall the assessment of dominance is largely subjective.

Furthermore, this analysis of perception contributes to the overarching argument that the ‘Special Relationship’s’ dominance is dictated by context and the trials that it faces. This means that the relationship cannot be consistently superior, as there are some issues over which Britain and America align themselves more closely with other powers, or indeed fundamentally disagree. This argument is significantly demonstrated by the Suez Crisis of 1956 (Dumbrell, 46:2001). British support for military action over the nationalisation of the Suez Canal was significantly opposed by America, which subsequently facilitated a degree of tension and mistrust within the alliance (47:2011). As such, this situation has been seen as one of the most vital crises of the ‘Special Relationship’, and demonstrates how the alliance has not been consistently superior. Such instances of disagreement can subsequently lead to greater emphasis being placed on other Transatlantic alliances. One of the most recent demonstrations of this is the Transatlantic rift over Iran. While the UK continues to be an advocate of the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal along with other countries such as France and Germany, the US withdrew from the deal in May 2018 (Landler, 2018). Trump’s America held a distinctly different attitude to the deal than the UK and other European allies, with US withdrawal drawing criticism and opposition from several European countries, including Britain (Landler, 2018). Indeed, the UK also warned against Trump’s escalation of hostilities with Iran after the assassination of General Qasem Soleimani in January 2020 (Bienkov, 2020). Most significantly, it has been reported that Prime Minister Boris Johnson was not informed of the air strikes that killed General Soleimani (BBC, 2020). This calls into question the proximity of the two powers over this issue, and suggests a degree of secrecy and mistrust that allegedly should not exist in a ‘Special Relationship’. Indeed, this corroborates the argument that the rhetorical dominance of the relationship has created a veneer of supremacy that cannot always be practically substantiated. As such, the case of Iran, as well as other historical instances of the weakened Anglo-American partnership, can demonstrate how the ‘Special Relationship’ does not always dominate all other Transatlantic alliances. Other relationships can be more superior in times of US-UK disagreement, and therefore the alliance only dominates others when it is mutually beneficial for it to do so.

Additionally, as previously alluded to, varying contextual levels of self-interest can also hugely influence the ‘Special Relationship’s’ degree of dominance. As explored above, the Iran crisis has demonstrated how even defensively, the ‘Special Relationship’ is not dominant enough to pull the UK away from other relationships, such as those with other countries that support the Iran Nuclear Deal. This reinforces the idea that each actor will prioritise relationships that are contextually within its own interest, rather than placing the ‘Special Relationship’ automatically at the top of the pile. Indeed, self-interest can even emaciate the most dominant aspects of the US-UK alliance. America threatening to end intelligence sharing with the UK if Britain allowed Huawei to help build its 5G network, due to US fears of Chinese espionage (Gaskarth, 2020) is a key example of this. The impact of self-interest on the dominance of the US-UK alliance was also demonstrated in the early 1970s during Britain’s petition for entry into the European Economic Community. British distancing from America was regarded as a necessary requirement for entry, as other European powers did not want the UK acting as an American puppet within the organisation (Bartlett, 130:1992). These examples show that America and Britain can, and will, prioritise other Transatlantic alliances and distance themselves from each other at times when their self-interest dictates that it should. Furthermore, self-interest can also lead the subjects of the ‘Special Relationship’ to form key institutionalised partnerships with other nations when it is deemed necessary to do so. The British-French defence agreement of 2010 attests to this (Wintour, 2010). This treaty agreed to the joint use of forces and aircraft equipment, as well as greater levels of nuclear cooperation, which was arguably mutually beneficial due to the declining military budgets of both nations (Wintour, 2010). This shows how circumstance and self-interest dictates which alliances are important at certain times, thus proving that the ‘Special Relationship’ is not consistently dominant within the Transatlantic. This corroborates Barry Buzan’s analysis of the instability of identity, as he argues that ‘capabilities change relatively slowly, while intentions can change overnight’ (25:2004). The socially constructed identity of the ‘Special Relationship’ is therefore subject to change based on intention, interest, and context, which contributes to its fluctuating level of superiority. This fluidity is a key reason why the ‘Special Relationship’ has been described as ‘the Lazarus of international relations’ (Marsh & Baylis, 173:2006). The alliance has a tendency to contextually disintegrate and  become less significant due to personal relations or certain circumstances, but it re-emerges under more opportune conditions (Oliver & Williams, 6:2017).

The ‘Lazarus’ hypothesis clearly exemplifies why the ‘Special Relationship’ cannot be seen to dominate all other alliances in the context of the Transatlantic, as the relationship’s importance has a tendency to waiver depending on the circumstances. Another important factor which contributes to the changing importance of the relationship is leadership dynamics. The alliance has been seen to fluctuate in strength based on who the leaders of each nation are, as well as the public perception of them. For instance, the relationship has been perceived to be particularly strong under the leadership of President George W. Bush and Prime Minister Tony Blair, as displayed by their joint action in Iraq after 2003 (Rees 124:2011). However, this particularly close relationship resulted in ‘distancing’ measures under the subsequent Brown administration (Dumbrell, 66:2009). Public opinion in the UK was decisively anti-American in the years after the Iraq War, which was subsequently reflected by a mutual ‘cooling’ of the relationship from 2008 to 2010 (Marsh, 182:2012), and the Brown administration’s reluctance to use ‘Special Relationship’ rhetoric (Dumbrell, 67:2009). Moreover, during this period, there was an increase in pro-Americanism of French and German leadership, which garnered a positive reaction from the US (Dunn, 1131:2008). France and Germany’s subsequent increase in importance to America suggests that leadership dynamics can be instrumental in dictating the dominance of the ‘Special Relationship’.

Furthermore, the increasing distance under Brown was, in some ways, remedied by the election of Barack Obama. This arguably brought an end to the conservative unilateralism of the US, and a return to the original shared values of the ‘Special Relationship’ (Wallace & Phillips, 263:2009). However, Obama has also been perceived to be one of the least Anglophile Presidents in recent times, which Marsh argues may have been due to his need to politically distance himself from the previous Bush administration (191:2012). Obama’s decision to hold his keynote European address in Berlin rather than London during his election campaign has been argued to be a distancing from the previously unpopular Anglo-American proximity (Marsh 190:2012). This reinforces how perceptions of different leaders can dictate the strength of US-UK relations, and contribute to the alliance’s shifting dominance. Indeed, under the Trump presidency, a conflicting amalgamation of British support for the US has been witnessed. While there has been hostile public opinion towards Trump, as demonstrated by the 75,000 protesters who gathered in London in June 2019 to protest his state visit (Roache, 2019), the current political status of the ‘Special Relationship’ under Trump and Johnson seems relatively strong (Lippman & Toosi, 2019). For instance, the President publicly demonstrated his support for Boris Johnson’s December 2019 electoral win both before and after the election (Elbaum, 2019). It is important to note that it is currently within British interest to foster a strong relationship with the US in order to secure a favourable post-Brexit free trade deal. This, again, underpins the argument that context and self-interest are instrumental in constructing the dominance of the partnership. Leadership dynamics are consequently part of the wider contextual framework of the alliance, and can therefore be used as a key indicator of the changing Transatlantic superiority of the ‘Special Relationship’. The fluid nature of the partnership as a socially constructed identity explains why the alliances’ importance is subject to change. The dominance of the relationship is constructed by the actors who are part of it, and therefore leadership dynamics are instrumental in dictating the relationship’s power. Thus, one cannot definitively say that the alliance dominates all other Transatlantic relations because this is not a consistent reality.

In conclusion, the US-UK relationship certainly has some key dominant features within the context of the Transatlantic. The discourse used to describe the alliance is one of the most fundamental examples of this. Not only does the term ‘Special Relationship’ embody a degree of superiority, but the repetition of the term since the Second World War has helped to translate this rhetorical power into a social reality. As such, Britain and America have been largely socialised into the assumption that their relationship is indeed ‘special’. Furthermore, the dominance of the alliance does not merely exist in the linguistic realm. Shared values and interests have been transformed into practical realities, and defence and intelligence sharing are significant ways in which the US-UK bilateral partnership does dominate all Transatlantic relations. However, the ‘Special Relationship’ is ultimately a socially constructed identity that is subsequently not fixed, and is subject to change. As such, the narrative of dominance that has been rhetorically constructed overshadows fluctuations in the alliance’s practical superiority. The dominance of the relationship changes in strength depending on whose perspective one is looking from, and is certainly more dominant from the British perspective as it is the more dependent of the two allies. From America’s point of view, the alliance is only dominant at times when Britain appears to be a capable and useful partner. Furthermore, the superiority of the relationship is largely contingent on convenience and context, meaning that various issues, leaders, and levels of self-interest can undercut the importance of the partnership. Therefore, to assess the alliance as dominating all others in the context of the Transatlantic is too much of a blanket interpretation, and does not account for the fluid and changing nature of the ‘Special Relationship’.

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Ramos, Jennifer, (2018), ‘Integrating Social Psychological Insights into Constructivist Research’, in eds. Mariano Bertucci, Jarrod Hayes & Patrick James, Constructivism Reconsidered: Past, Present, and Future , University of Michigan Press, pp. 117-136

Rees, Wyn, (2011), The US-EU Security Relationship , Palgrave Macmillan

Reynolds, David, (1985), ‘A Special Relationship’? America, Britain and the International Order Since the Second World War’, International Affairs Vol.62, No.1, pp. 1-20

Sharp, Jane, (2003), ‘Tony Blair, Iraq and the Special Relationship: Poodle or Partner?’, International Journal , Vol.59, No.1, pp. 59-86

Stuart, Douglas, (2006), ‘“Well isn’t that Special?” Concluding Remarks on US-UK Relations at the Start of the 21 st Century’, in eds. Jeffrey McCausland, Douglas Stuart, US-UK Relations at the Start of the 21 st Century , Strategic Studies Institute, pp.203-210

Wallace, William, & Phillips, Christopher, (2009), ‘Reassessing the Special Relationship’, International Affairs Vol.85, No.2, pp. 263-284

Allison, George, (20 th July 2019), No, America Doesn’t Control Britain’s Nuclear Weapons , ukdefencejournal.org.uk. Available at: https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/no-america-doesnt-control-britains-nuclear-weapons/ [Accessed: 9 th March 2020]

BBC, (19 th September 2014), France Launches First Air Strikes on IS in Iraq , bbc.co.uk. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-29277630 [Accessed: 18th March 2020]

BBC, (22 nd April 2016), Barack Obama Says Brexit Would Leave UK at the ‘Back of the Queue’ on Trade, bbc.co.uk. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-36115138 [Accessed: 4th March 2020]

BBC, (3 rd January 2020), Qasem Soleimani: Boris Johnson Not Told About US Airstrike , bbc.co.uk. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-50981719 [Accessed: 11th March 2020]

Bienkov, Adam, (3 rd January 2020), The UK Government Warns Trump that War with Iran ‘is in None of Our Interests’ , businessinsider.com. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/uk-warns-donald-trump-against-launching-war-iran-qassem-soleimani-2020-1?r=US&IR=T [Accessed: 11 th March 2020]

Department of Justice, (3 rd October 2019), US and UK Sign Landmark Cross-Border Data Access Agreement to Combat Criminals and Terrorists Online , justice.gov. Available at: https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/us-and-uk-sign-landmark-cross-border-data-access-agreement-combat-criminals-and-terrorists [Accessed: 12th March 2020]

Elbaum, Rachel, (13 th December 2019), Trump Rejoices Over Johnson’s Victory in British Election , nbcnews.com. Available at: https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/trump-rejoices-over-johnson-s-victory-british-election-n1101336 [Accessed: 12th March 2020]

Fox, Liam, (30 th November 2018), Brexit Can Supercharge Britain’s ‘Special Relationship’ with the US , time.com. Available at: https://time.com/5467867/liam-fox-brexit-trade-us/ [Accessed: 9 th March 2020]

Gaskarth, Jamie, (5 th February 2020), How US-UK Intelligence Sharing Works – and why Huawei 5G Decision Puts it at Risk , theconversation.com. Available at: https://www.google.com/search?q=huawei+intelligence+sharing+threat&oq=huawei+intelligence+sharing+threat+&aqs=chrome..69i57j33.21722j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 [Accessed: 7 th March 2020]

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Lippman, Daniel & Toosi, Nahal, (12 th December 2019), Boris and Donald: A Very Special Relationship , politico.com. Available at: https://www.politico.com/news/2019/12/12/trump-boris-johnson-relationship-083732 [Accessed: 14th March 2020]

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Roache, Madeline, (4 th June 2019), While Thousands March, President Trump Dismisses London Protests as Fake News , time.com. Available at: https://time.com/5600472/protest-trump-state-visit-uk/ [Accessed: 7 th March 2020]

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Wintour, Patrick, (2 nd November 2010), Britain and France Sign Landmark 50-Year Defence Deal , theguardian.com. Available at:

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Written at: University of St Andrews Written for: Dr Faye Donnelly Date written: April 2020

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In This Article Expand or collapse the "in this article" section US–UK Special Relationship

Introduction, general overview.

• Individuals
• Elites and the Special Relationship
• Dominance of Relationships within the Alliance
• What is Special about the US-UK Special Relationship?
• Uneven Relationship
• Theory and Management of the Alliance
• Development of the Alliance
• Nuclear Alliance
• Military Alliance
• Domestic Politics
• International Arena
• Why it Endures

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US–UK Special Relationship by David Hastings Dunn , Edward Avenell LAST REVIEWED: 28 September 2016 LAST MODIFIED: 28 September 2016 DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199743292-0189

Relations between the United Kingdom and the United States, special or otherwise, have been of perennial interest across the Atlantic since before American independence in 1776. The extensive contemporary academic literature on this topic reflects the political and popular appetite to test the temperature of the central relationship at the heart of British foreign and security policy. Rather like the queen in “Snow White” a nagging desire exists to know whether the United Kingdom is still the “fairest one of all,” or at least the most “special” in the eyes of Washington. It is a tendency that accompanies every summit meeting, bilateral or institutional, and every international crisis during which a policy statement is expected from president and prime minister. For these reasons alone then it is a topic that generates academic debate and discourse aplenty. The profusion of literature on the topic is also facilitated by the ease of access to material. British scholars have easy access to press reports and the policy communities on either side of the Atlantic. The periodic release of archives and memoirs also provides additional opportunities to pick over relations and reevaluate the received opinion of previous debates. The centrality of the United States to world politics means that there are alwaysnew policy dilemmas to deliberate on. And further relations with Washington also play a countervailing role in that other great British obsession, relations with Europe. Relations between London and Washington are more important, however, than merely the latest beauty contest among world leaders. For the United Kingdom something more fundamental is involved in both guiding and accompanying the United States on its global leadership mission. That is the sense in which the United States has adopted the civilizing mission that Britons believed themselves to be following in their pursuit of empire. In Kipling’s politically incorrect invocation, the United States has taken up “the white man’s burden . . . to veil the threat of terror, and check the show of pride” and has undertaken to “fight the savage wars of peace,” and, for its part, the United Kingdom has pledged to support it in that mission both morally and materially. In this way the United States is seen as special to the United Kingdom in that it provides the means of continuing the spread of Britain’s version of modernity. By staying close, Britain believes that it has managed to harness American power to what has become a common vision of a more benign future shaped by common values. By allowing the United Kingdom a supporting part in its hegemony the United States preserves and enhances Britain’s world role beyond that which it is materially capable of carrying out alone in return for the support of a close and still capable ally. In this way by treating the relationship as special, the United States preserves the United Kingdom’s elevated role on the world stage and, in return, is supported and legitimized in its own role as part of that grand bargain. The foundations of the relationship have been exhaustively analyzed, from common historical, cultural, and linguistic ties to common legal structures and religion to the intertwined intelligence, military, and nuclear communities to the mutual admiration for strong leadership characters. Works have plotted the upturns and downturns in the relationship and the differences between access to Washington and influence over it. Over time the name of the relationship has itself also changed. Until the 1990s, both governments referred to the “Anglo-American special relationship.” Since then, at the insistence of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, the more technically and politically correct usage has been “UK-US special relationship” (or US-UK). Some scholars, however, stick to “Anglo American” to stress the dominance of England or Englishness in this relationship or perhaps simply to avoid the less felicitous term. Certainly the term special relationship has varied in its popularity and its uses over time and, however cringe worthy to many a politician or diplomat, it remains sufficiently popular in journalism circles to ensure its future longevity. This article cites academic work that examines the history, nature, health, and future of this relationship. For ease of access the works are split into several themed sections. By their nature some pieces could have appeared under several headings.

The works reviewed in this section cover a mixture of themes. Many volumes explore the entire period from the birth of the relationship to the present day. These works allow for a long-term view that describes the inception and evolution of the alliance while providing analysis of its features and the major events it has faced. A comprehensive history of the special relationship is provided in Bartlett 1992 , Ellis 2009 , and Ovendale 1998 . These works cover the entire period and treat every major event. Bartlett 1992 explores the theme of imperial decline and Britain’s growing dependence on the United States. Burk 2007 provides perhaps the most comprehensive overview of the special relationship, starting with the settling of North America and ending with the second Iraq War. Alex Dancev has written extensively on the special relationship, and Danchev 1998 offers a collection of the author’s essays covering almost every aspect of US-UK relations. Dimbleby and Reynolds 1988 and Nicholas 1963 examine the history of the period and both conclude that it has been remarkably successful despite what critics say. The special relationship emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War and, since then, both countries have faced multiple crises; Bayliss 1997 examines the history of the relationship through these periods. Dobson and Marsh 2013 provide a detailed history of the contemporary special relationship.

Bartlett, Christopher J. “ The Special Relationship”: A Political History of Anglo-American Relations since 1945 . London: Longman, 1992.

Bartlett provides a comprehensive overview of “Anglo-American” relations since the end of the Second World War and culminates with the first Gulf War. It details the times when the relationship has been strained and those when the partners have worked together most closely. His work explores the theme of British imperial decline and Britain’s growing reliance on the United States.

Bayliss, John. Anglo-American Relations since 1939: The Enduring Alliance . Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.

Bayliss looks at how the relationship has evolved over time and how the different crises have shaped it. He explores how the term special relationship has been utilized in diplomacy by both sides. The work contains a fascinating chapter on the future prospects for the alliance.

Burk, Kathleen. Old World, New World: The Story of Britain and America . London: Little Brown, 2007.

Burk explores the history of UK-US relations from both sides of the Atlantic. By taking a long-term view exploring the motivations for the settling of North America, the Second World War, and the birth of the special relationship, and culminating with the second Iraq War, Burk provides a broad historical analysis of the special relationship.

Danchev, Alex. On Specialness: Essays in Anglo-American Relations . Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 1998.

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-349-26241-0

A collection of Danchev’s essays on the special relationship that covers a wide range of topics and issues in times of both war and peace. This collection of essays aims to “investigate the who and what and how” of the “special relationship” and speaks to how the term has been used and misused.

Dimbleby, David, and David Reynolds. An Ocean Apart: The Relationship between Britain and America in the Twentieth Century . London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1988.

This work, which accompanied the popular BBC TV series of the same name, provides an informative and interesting exploration of the history and path of the special relationship in the 20th century and concludes that, despite periods of difficulty, it has always remained a close and remarkably successful one, made easier by shared language and cultural values. It also makes good use of photographs and cartoons.

Dobson, Alan P., and Steve Marsh, eds. Anglo-American Relations: Contemporary Perspectives . London: Routledge, 2013.

One of the first truly in-depth studies of the post–Cold war special relationship, this work combines new research methods and explores new topics, such as the environment and personal ties, to bring a fresh approach to the traditional topic of the special relationship in the wake of Blair, Bush, and the Iraq War.

Ellis, Sylvia. Historical Dictionary of Anglo-American Relations . Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2009.

An extensive chronology details the events that have built the special relationship and the times during which it has been tested. The significant events are well reviewed and an extensive cast of participating characters are examined and catalogued.

Nicholas, Herbert G. Britain and the United States . London: Chatto & Windus, 1963.

Nicholas provides analysis of the dealings between the US and UK governments. He examines how the two nations combined their different strengths, to overcome difficult challenges. He concludes with praise for the special relationship and its role in finding peaceful solutions.

Ovendale, Ritchie. Anglo-American Relations in the Twentieth Century . Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 1998.

This work is a long-view study of the special relationship that contains some interesting reinterpretations. Heavy use of original source material is provided.

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Essay on My Relationship With Someone Special

Students are often asked to write an essay on My Relationship With Someone Special in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on My Relationship With Someone Special

Introduction.

In life, we all have someone special. For me, that person is my best friend. We share a unique bond that is full of love, trust, and understanding.

Our First Meeting

We first met in school. Both of us were new students and felt a bit lost. We started talking and soon became friends. Our friendship grew stronger with time.

Shared Interests

We both love playing football and reading books. These shared interests make our bond even stronger. We spend a lot of time together, playing, reading, and sharing stories.

Trust is a key part of our friendship. We always rely on each other for help and advice. We share our secrets and dreams, knowing they are safe.

My relationship with my best friend is very special. It is filled with love, trust, and shared interests. It is a bond that I cherish and value a lot.

250 Words Essay on My Relationship With Someone Special

Meeting my special person.

In life, we meet many people but only a few become truly special to us. One such person in my life is my best friend, Sam. Our friendship started in grade school and has grown stronger over the years.

Our bond is special because we share our joys, sorrows, and dreams with each other. We are always there for each other, no matter what. We share a bond that is beyond words. We laugh together, cry together, and even fight at times, but our bond only grows stronger with time.

One of the things that make our relationship special is our shared interests. We both love sports, especially soccer. We often play together and cheer for our favorite teams. This shared interest brings us closer and adds fun to our friendship.

Learning From Each Other

Another important part of our relationship is learning from each other. We both have different strengths and weaknesses. Sam is good at math while I am good at English. We help each other in these subjects. This way, we learn and grow together.

In conclusion, my relationship with Sam is very special. He is more than a friend to me. He is a companion, a guide, and a source of strength. Our bond is a perfect example of a true friendship. It is a relationship that I cherish and value the most in my life.

500 Words Essay on My Relationship With Someone Special

We all have someone special in our lives. For me, that someone is my grandmother. She is my best friend, my guide, and my most trusted confidant. She has a heart full of love and a mind full of stories. This essay is about my relationship with my grandmother.

My grandmother and I share a very close bond. We spend a lot of time together. We talk, laugh, and share stories. The bond we have is not just because we are family, but because we understand each other very well. She knows when I am happy, sad, or upset. She can tell just by looking at me. And I can do the same for her.

Her Love for Me

My grandmother loves me a lot. She shows her love in many ways. She cooks my favorite meals, helps me with my homework, and always makes sure I am comfortable. She also tells me stories about her childhood, which I love to hear. Her love is pure and unconditional. She loves me for who I am, and that makes me feel special.

My Love for Her

I love my grandmother very much too. I show my love for her by spending time with her, listening to her stories, and helping her with her chores. I also try to make her feel special by giving her small gifts and surprises. I know she appreciates these gestures and feels loved.

What I Learn from Her

My grandmother teaches me many things. She teaches me about life, values, and morals. She tells me stories that have important lessons. She also teaches me to be kind, patient, and respectful. She is a wise woman, and I learn a lot from her.

My relationship with my grandmother is very special. It is based on love, respect, and understanding. I feel lucky to have her in my life. She is my best friend, my guide, and my most trusted confidant. I cherish every moment I spend with her. She is truly someone special in my life.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

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Article contents

The united kingdom and the united states: the special relationship.

• Ted R. Bromund Ted R. Bromund Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom, The Heritage Foundation
• https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.285
• Published online: 09 June 2016

The Special Relationship is a term used to describe the close relations between the United States and the United Kingdom. It applies particularly to the governmental realms of foreign, defense, security, and intelligence policy, but it also captures a broader sense that both public and private relations between the United States and Britain are particularly deep and close. The Special Relationship is thus a term for a reality that came into being over time as the result of political leadership as well as ideas and events outside the formal arena of politics.

After the political break of the American Revolution and in spite of sporadic cooperation in the 19th century, it was not until the Great Rapprochement of the 1890s that the idea that Britain and the United States had a special kind of relationship took hold. This decade, in turn, created the basis for the Special Relationship, a term first used by Winston Churchill in 1944. Churchill did the most to build the relationship, convinced as he was that close friendship between Britain and the United States was the cornerstone of world peace and prosperity. During and after the Second World War, many others on both sides of the Atlantic came to agree with Churchill.

The post-1945 era witnessed a flowering of the relationship, which was cemented—not without many controversies and crises—by the emerging Cold War against the Soviet Union. After the end of the Cold War in 1989, the relationship remained close, though it was severely tested by further security crises, Britain’s declining defense spending, the evolving implications of Britain’s membership in the European Union, the relative decline of Europe, and an increasing U.S. interest in Asia. Yet on many public and private levels, relations between the United States and Britain continue to be particularly deep, and thus the Special Relationship endures.

• special relationship
• Anglo-American relations
• Winston Churchill
• Margaret Thatcher
• Second World War
• decolonization
• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
• Suez crisis (1956)
• Iraq War (2003)

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The Special Relationship

1990, Political Studies

Related Papers

The US-UK «Special Relationship»: Interactions with the international order from the 1950s to the post-Brexit era

Maria Vasileiou , Kostas Ant Lavdas

The current dissertation aims to analyse the evolution of the US-UK "special relationship" from 1945 to the present day, focusing on the impact of systemic and intra-systemic changes. Methodologically, the "special relationship" is traced through the structural influences of the international system, and a comparative examination is conducted to determine the extent to which systemic changes, such as the transition from a bipolar system during the Cold War to a unipolar system after the end of the Cold War, and intra-systemic changes, such as the Iraq war, Brexit, and the AUKUS security agreement, have influenced the "special relationship." The Anglo-American theme is explored in three chapters, taking into account the history of the relationship and its development. The first chapter provides an overview of Anglo-American relations and the political-historical background of the two countries. The second chapter examines the origins and development of the "special relationship," including its evolution and adaptation to meet the challenges of the Cold War. The third chapter assesses the evolution of the "special relationship" with a focus on key events and its relevance in the present day. Despite various international and domestic challenges, the "special relationship" between the UK and the US remains a significant factor in international relations and has played a central role in shaping the global order. Copying, storage, and distribution of this thesis in whole or in part for commercial purposes are prohibited. Reproduction, storage, and distribution for non-profit, educational, or research purposes are permitted, provided that the source is acknowledged and this message is retained. Questions regarding the use of the thesis for profit should be directed to the author. Approval of a thesis by Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences does not imply acceptance of the author's views.

George Robinson

Journal of Transatlantic Studies

Anna Marchi

Marlene Juarez - Silva

Ursula Lehmkuhl

Twentieth-Century Anglo-American Relations

Priscilla Roberts

The Council on Foreign Relations has given rise to its own mythology, attracting attacks from both Right and Left in American politics as an example of the ability of anti-democratic, elitist groups to set governmental policy. Robert D. Schulzinger, Michael Wala, and Inderjeet Parmar have also studied the Council’s role and influence upon American foreign affairs. Their works largely concentrate upon the period from approximately 1940 onwards, when the United States began to take an increasingly important part in world affairs, and upon the Council’s contribution to its country’s international transformation. This essay focuses on the Council’s earlier interwar activities, in the fifteen or twenty years after its foundation, and in particular upon its impact upon Anglo-American relations. In recent years historians have drawn attention to the development between the wars among certain sections of the foreign-policy elite in both Britain and the United States of sentiments in favour of closer Anglo-American relations. This essay suggests that the roots of the transformation in American international policies, most notably the dedication and commitment with which the United States government supported the Allies, especially Britain, during the Second World War, owed something to the Council’s previous efforts to improve Anglo-American relations.

Routledge New International Relations Series

Kristin Haugevik

Claims of inter-state ‘specialness’ are commonplace in international politics. But how do some relationships between states come to be seen and categorized as ‘special’ in the first place? And what impact, if any, do recurring public representations of specialness have on states’ political and diplomatic interaction? While much scholarly work exists on alleged instances of special relationships, and on inter-state cooperation and alliances more generally, little systematic and theory informed research has been conducted on how special relationships evolve and unfold in practice. This book offers such a comprehensive study. Theorizing inter-state relations as on-going social processes, it makes the case for approaching special relationships as constituted and upheld through linguistic representations and bilateral interaction practices. Haugevik explores this claim through an in-depth study of how the bilateral relationship most frequently referred to as ‘special’ – the US-British – has unfolded over the last seventy years. This analysis is complemented with a study of Britain’s relationship with a more junior partner, Norway, during the same period. The book offers an original take on inter-state relations and diplomacy during the Cold War and after, and develops an analytical framework for understanding why some state relationships maintain their status as ‘special’, while others end up as ‘benignly neglected’ ones.

International Affairs

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• Love & Relationships

The Science Behind Happy Relationships

W hen it comes to relationships , most of us are winging it. We’re exhilarated by the early stages of love , but as we move onto the general grind of everyday life, personal baggage starts to creep in and we can find ourselves floundering in the face of hurt feelings, emotional withdrawal, escalating conflict, insufficient coping techniques and just plain boredom. There’s no denying it: making and keeping happy and healthy relationships is hard.

But a growing field of research into relationships is increasingly providing science-based guidance into the habits of the healthiest, happiest couples — and how to make any struggling relationship better. As we’ve learned, the science of love and relationships boils down to fundamental lessons that are simultaneously simple, obvious and difficult to master: empathy, positivity and a strong emotional connection drive the happiest and healthiest relationships.

Maintaining a strong emotional connection

“The most important thing we’ve learned, the thing that totally stands out in all of the developmental psychology, social psychology and our lab’s work in the last 35 years is that the secret to loving relationships and to keeping them strong and vibrant over the years, to falling in love again and again, is emotional responsiveness,” says Sue Johnson, a clinical psychologist in Ottawa and the author of several books, including Hold Me Tight: Seven Conversations for a Lifetime of Love .

That responsiveness, in a nutshell, is all about sending a cue and having the other person respond to it. “The $99 million question in love is, ‘Are you there for me?’” says Johnson. “It’s not just, ‘Are you my friend and will you help me with the chores?’ It’s about emotional synchronicity and being tuned in.”

“Every couple has differences,” continues Johnson. “What makes couples unhappy is when they have an emotional disconnection and they can’t get a feeling of secure base or safe haven with this person.” She notes that criticism and rejection — often met with defensiveness and withdrawal — are exceedingly distressing, and something that our brain interprets as a danger cue.

To foster emotional responsiveness between partners, Johnson pioneered Emotionally Focused Therapy , in which couples learn to bond through having conversations that express needs and avoid criticism. “Couples have to learn how to talk about feelings in ways that brings the other person closer,” says Johnson.

Keeping things positive

According to Carrie Cole, director of research for the Gottman Institute , an organization dedicated to the research of marriage, emotional disengagement can easily happen in any relationship when couples are not doing things that create positivity. “When that happens, people feel like they’re just moving further and further apart until they don’t even know each other anymore,” says Cole. That focus on positivity is why the Gottman Institute has embraced the motto “small things often.” The Gottman Lab has been studying relationship satisfaction since the 1970s, and that research drives the Institute’s psychologists to encourage couples to engage in small, routine points of contact that demonstrate appreciation.

One easy place to start is to find ways to compliment your partner every day, says Cole — whether it’s expressing your appreciation for something they’ve done or telling them, specifically, what you love about them. This exercise can accomplish two beneficial things: First, it validates your partner and helps them feel good about themselves. And second, it helps to remind you why you chose that person in the first place.

Listen to the brain, not just your heart

When it comes to the brain and love, biological anthropologist and Kinsey Institute senior fellow Helen Fisher has found — after putting people into a brain scanner — that there are three essential neuro-chemical components found in people who report high relationship satisfaction: practicing empathy, controlling one’s feelings and stress and maintaining positive views about your partner.

In happy relationships, partners try to empathize with each other and understand each other’s perspectives instead of constantly trying to be right. Controlling your stress and emotions boils down to a simple concept: “Keep your mouth shut and don’t act out,” says Fisher. If you can’t help yourself from getting mad, take a break by heading out to the gym, reading a book, playing with the dog or calling a friend — anything to get off a destructive path. Keeping positive views of your partner, which Fisher calls “positive illusions,” are all about reducing the amount of time you spend dwelling on negative aspects of your relationship. “No partner is perfect, and the brain is well built to remember the nasty things that were said,” says Fisher. “But if you can overlook those things and just focus on what’s important, it’s good for the body, good for the mind and good for the relationship.”

Happier relationships, happier life

Ultimately, the quality of a person’s relationships dictates the quality of their life. “Good relationships aren’t just happier and nicer,” says Johnson. “When we know how to heal [relationships] and keep them strong, they make us resilient. All these clichés about how love makes us stronger aren’t just clichés; it’s physiology. Connection with people who love and value us is our only safety net in life.”

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610 Relationship Essay Topics and Examples

🏆 best relationship titles and essay examples, 👍 good relationship topics, 🎓 simple & easy titles about relationships, 🥇 most interesting relationship research titles, 👍 argumentative essay topics about relationships, ✍️ relationship essay topics for college, ❓ research questions about relationships.

Relationships essays are essential for many different fields of study, especially the social sciences. Whether the topic is that of friendship, mothers, fathers, siblings, distant relatives, or life partners, there is a vast wealth of information titles you can explore.

You can discuss the formation of various bonds between people, its expressions, and how relationships endure or fall apart over time.

Separation, both physical and spiritual, and its effects on existing bonds can be particularly pertinent topics in our age, where people feel that long-distance relationships have become easier due to the emergence of the Internet.

Similarly, you can observe the changes in family relationships that have emerged now that there is much more mobility, and relatives can live far apart. By combining these ideas with excellent writing guidelines, you will write a powerful essay.

The variety and complexity of human bonds is among the most fascinating relationship essay topics. A person will meet and get to know hundreds of people throughout his or her lifetime, and each such meeting establishes a relationship.

People can be friends, enemies, or in a variety of states in between, such as rivalry. These relationships allow them to work together well in case of friendlier attitudes but can impede their productivity if the people are hostile to each other.

This topic may be of interest to business managers and researchers who are interested in why cooperation succeeds or fails. However, keep in mind that the topic is still being studied, and no conclusive statements can be made.

The compatibility of various personalities is a source of many interesting relationship essay ideas. Psychology is a rapidly developing science, and its interpersonal component is of interest to a wide variety of people and organizations.

Considering how many different productive relationships can arise from interactions that are not necessarily friendly, the task of the researchers is large-scale and complex.

Some relationships can be vastly different despite involving similar pairs or groups of people, and it is the task of psychology to determine whether small differences in personality caused the changed outcome or it was a matter of chance.

The current research offers many interesting examples and explanations that you can use to make an impact.

Here are some additional tips for your writing process:

• Consider the influence of prolonged and forced close conditions, such as cohabitation, workplace interactions, or family relations on how people’s attitudes towards each other develop and dedicate some relationship essay titles to them.
• Some relationships are easier to establish than others, with distant relatives and friends of friends being examples. You may want to discuss how catalysts may influence the interactions between relative strangers.
• Discuss the persistence of relationships when various issues, such as separation, surface. Provide statistics on concepts such as the success of long-distance relationships.
• Conversely, you can try to discuss the role of emerging communication technologies on relationship formation and continuation. On the Internet, people can sometimes become friends without knowing each other’s name. Furthermore, many long-distance couples rely on web messaging and video chat features to stay close.
• Romantic relationships deserve special attention due to their prominence in contemporary research and public awareness. Services such as Tinder make finding a partner much easier than before, but pairs formed in this fashion may not last as long as traditional ones.

Check the IvyPanda website to find a diverse selection of relationship essay examples and other useful paper samples!

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• Parental Involvement in Teenage Relationships Parents can monitor their child’s academic progress, engage them in conversations about romance and relationships, and give them career advice and guidance. Parental involvement in their children’s academic and social lives helps parents to understand […]
• Buyer-Supplier Relationships and Their Types These are as follows: Toyota: a federation of businesses dominated by a Toyota; the suppliers are partners, and the main company possesses partial ownership of these companies.
• Creating a Healthy Loving Relationship Offering support to the other partner at all times and in all endeavors enhances the bonding and creates a path for commitment of either partner in his/her role in the relationship.
• Relationship Between Crime Rates and Poverty This shows that the strength of the relationship between the crime index and people living below the line of poverty is.427.
• Relationship of ’Community Engagement’ to Society Community engagement tries to harmonize the community regardless of the status in the society, and it does this by bringing people to the table – both the community members and the elites.
• Relationship Between Politics and Leisure in Australia In conclusion, the understanding of the term “leisure time” depends on the individual point of view and attitude of the person rather than on the type or the location of the activity.
• The relationship between form and content The relationship between form and content has been affected by the advent of the Internet and the growth of Web publishing platforms.
• Relationship Between Parents and Children The book is based on the story of a farmer and his family, who, due to the problematic nature of the head of the family, are forced to change their place of residence: “None of […]
• Kiko Milano UK Company: Customer Relationships In the United Kingdom, Kiko Milano faced a problem of reductions in the number of customers who buy products online and in stores located in different regions of the country.
• Relationship between Leadership and Management Additionally, it is apparent that the only constant in the business world is change, and for this reason, for employees to be sure of coping with such changes, there is need for them to acquire […]
• Form Follows Function: Relationship between Form and Structure Thus, the construction of the building depends on many other issues, such as culture, landscape and the desire of the client, of course. The first factor that influences on the form of the building is […]
• Finches’ Beak Size and Seed Size Relationship The study aims to hypothesize the evolutionary relationship between the relative length of the beaks and the sizes of seeds that finches eat.
• Intercultural Relationships Importance However, this study does not mean that a person is born with a predetermined perception on things, only that genes can define the temperament of the person and can later suggest different preferences of beliefs […]
• Social Changes in Human Relationships and Interactions To achieve this goal, the paper will include the following sections: population social change, how the change is taking place, the engines driving the change, data demonstrating that this change is taking place and will […]
• What Is the Relationship Between Mind and Body? As noted by the author, Socrates depicted the human body as the part or an instrument of the soul, admitting at the same time that the corporal health depended directly on the wellness of the […]
• Sustainable Development’ and Economic Growth’ Relationship The concepts of sustainable development and economic growth are interconnected with the aim of protecting the available wealth of the earth and at the same time creating more opportunities towards satisfaction of human needs.
• Do Antony and Cleopatra Transcend the East-West Divide in Their Relationship? This piece of work gives a critical analysis of the play, Antony and Cleopatra, with much emphasis given to the relationship between Antony and Cleopatra. From the play, it is palpable that the relationship between […]
• Unethical Behavior in Teacher-Student Relationships The relationship between teacher and student should be one for the welfare of a student. It is also applicable to the students and the first amendment of the US constitution allows all the students to […]
• Relationship with Cell Phones Cell phones are people’s new relationship because people use them to execute many of their daily activities. They have encouraged multitasking and solitude because people spend a lot of time interacting with information and communication […]
• The Puritans and the American Natives Relationship An important aspect that contributed to the religious conflict between the Puritans and the Natives was the means through which religious beliefs were shared.
• The Relationships Between Science and Religion It is imperative to note that the concept of religion and science differs to a larger extent and are independent from each other.
• The Relationship Between Religion and Abnormal Psychology But whose judgment will we use to separate the two contrasting elements of the psychology of normal and abnormal behaviors? Some religious beliefs permit the use of alcohol and it’s considered normal, yet others find […]
• The Ideal Relationship This is because the woman is not supposed to be a follower of all the men in the planet. This and other roles should be clear to both of the parties involved in a relationship.
• Shinto and Its Relationship With China and Buddhism As such, those who identify with the two religions have continued to engage in practices of the Buddhist and Shinto faiths either knowingly or unknowingly.
• Marriage Relationships in “The Snows of Kilimanjaro” by Hemingway Harry and his wife, Helen, are stranded in Mount Kilimanjaro and their interactions reveal that their rocky relationship is a result of a mixture of frustration, incorrect decisions, getting married for wrong reasons, and unreciprocated […]
• Medical Anthropology. Doctor-Patient Relationships The outcome of the doctor-patient interaction depends on the doctor’s ability to engage the patient in decision-making and share the control and power in the relationship.
• Relationship Between Population and the Environment The results revealed after the statistical analysis was performed that there is a negative relationship between the population increase and the emissions of carbon dioxide in the case of developed countries while on the other […]
• Father-Son Relationships in “My Oedipus Complex” and “Powder” The son in this situation shows some features of his personality as a doubtful and worrying individual making it harder for the father to impress him.
• Apple and Brand-Customer Relationship An established brand loyalty is important to a company since it makes it more harder for new products to gain a market share, it increases a company’s ability and strength to respond to competitive threats, […]
• Pedagogy and Andragogy: Learner-Teacher Relationship From the discussion, we found out that the appropriateness of identified andragogy in classroom activities mainly relied on the knowledge, skills and ideas possessed by the learners.
• Tourism’ and Employment’ Relationship in the Present World Tourists’ payments act as a source of wages to employees in the tourism sector. Employees in the tourism sector require training and skill development as the industry requires different levels of skills.
• Customer Relationship Management of Royal Bank of Canada The data can also be used in creating the profile of each and every customer. The bank anticipates the needs of its customers and discourages mass marketing to huge customer segments.
• Man-Woman Relationship in “The Flea” by John Donne The speaker says, “This flea is you and I, and this Our marriage bed, and marriage temple is” However, at the same time the image of the flea is intended to show that sex is […]
• Entity Relationship Diagrams for IT Projects The weakness is that the system caused a months delay in reimbursement of the expenses and this caused a financial loss for the sales personnel.
• Motivation, Emotion, and Behavior Relationships Therefore, motivation is a result of external and internal desires that relate to the behavior of a person towards meeting a certain goal How people begin moving toward a behavior varies as emotions pull them […]
• What is the Real Relationship between Jesus and God? The Bottom-Line Between God the Son and God the Father The Trinitarian believers puts the position of Jesus while trying to explain whom he was in comparison to the father in a better and more comprehensive fashion, that the Father is God, as well as […]
• Mother vs. Grandmother Relationships Comparison However, in my case, proximity is in reverse proportion to the extent of emotional rapport and willingness to interact that I have been exhibiting in the dialogue with my mother and my grandmother.
• Interpersonal Relationship Theories The attraction theory states that people form relationships based on five principles of attraction: similarity, proximity, reinforcement, physical attractiveness and personality, socioeconomic and educational status, and reciprocity of liking. It is based on the economic […]
• Thomas Hobbes’ and Classical Realism Relationship Neo-realism on the other hand is the modern realism practiced in most of the nations today. One of the greatest contributions that Hobbes made in realism was the definition of power.
• William Shakespeare: Father-Daughter Relationship in “The Tempest” One of the main conditions according to which a daughter is going to be protected in the future is the strong assuredness that a daughter is in good and loving hands, protected like under the […]
• What Is the Relationship Between the Social Definition of Deviance and the Media’s Role in the Dissemination of Popular Culture? The main function of news media is to offer mass audience with information and account of events that occur in the world.
• Family Relationship Analysis with Use of Genogram When we look at John and Mary’s relationship, we see that they have a close and stable relationship, which may have influenced their children’s and grandchildren’s communication patterns.
• The Relationship Between Physical Therapist and Physical Therapist Assistant Conversely, the training offered to the PTA’s enables them to provide care, support, and physical handling of clients under a management strategy developed by the PT.
• Relationships in the “Crazy, Stupid, Love” Movie The process of the revaluation of the timeless values is not instantons and finite. The main theme of that film is the human relationships and the problem of miscommunication in the family.
• Father-Son Relationships: Generation Gap The hierarchical relationship structure between father and son normally exists where directions and directives are given from a vertical order, that is, the father is all-knowing and gives all the directives, the son is supposed […]
• Bre-X Minerals Company: Management and Company’s Relationship Carrying out thorough investigations on all of the Bre-X Minerals Limited management team and the directors can be of greater essence in helping to determine the total value of the company’s prospects in gold. David […]
• Characters’ Relationship in ”The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson While Tessie is a free-spirited woman, the Old Man is superstitious and full of fears of the unknown. However, Tessie; driven by her free spirit, gathers the courage to question the results of the lottery […]
• Relationship Between Neoliberalism and Imperialism As the western world, led by the United States, later attained the control of the world long after the Second World War, the idea of putting the state at the centre of the economic functionality […]
• The relationship between employees’ job satisfaction and customer satisfaction in service business The study is necessitated by the realization that customer satisfaction is determined by the perceptions the customers have on the nature and the quality of services offered.
• The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Perceived Stress The last hypothesis is that there is a significant gender difference in the measures of self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, and perceived stress.
• Gregor’s Relationship With His Father in “The Matamorphosis” This paper seeks to explore the father and son relationships in Metamorphosis and Oedipus the King and offers a comparison for the two.
• Gender Communication in Romantic Relationship In order to understand the gender communication in romantic relationship it is important to understand the different styles of communication. It is up to the parties to determine the kind of interaction and intimacy they […]
• Responsibility in Romantic Relationships It is not a guarantee of absolute wisdom but a trait of a person who leads a conscious lifestyle and strives for productive and effective relationships with others.
• Psychology and Enduring Relationships In line with this view and drawing on the link between the length and benefits of coupling, it is important to understand the psychology of enduring relationships to predict the extent that people stay together.
• Relationship Dynamics in Oscar Wilde’s “The Importance of Being Earnest” We are going to depict the marriage in Earnest as an option or a necessary “business” move in an aristocratic society using the prism of Wilde’s point of view on Victorians era.
• Relationships. To My Beloved Spouse on How to Love In order to be fair to each other, and not leave us guessing about where we stand or how we expect each other to act within the confines of our marriage, I thought it best […]
• Conflict Communication in Family Relationships People in conflict have to be ready to analyze their situations and problems to achieve the goals and come to a certain conclusion.
• Animation and Live Action’ Relationship in Cinema With the advent of the digital technology, changes in the relationship between live action and animation have become difficult to comprehend.
• Work Environment and Colleagues Relationships However, the work in the diverse environment can be a challenge and it is a task of the management to ensure that the working atmosphere is bias-free.
• Business Relationship Report In terms of the following report, a potential B2B model of cooperation between the UK and Turkey will be developed with the help of an examination of the stages required to ensure the relationship realization.
• Relationship Between Language and Content in Poetry The imagery in the beginning of the red brick building with many windows is not used for anything else, except as a name and a closure at the end.
• Players Salaries’ And Ticket Prices’ Relationship There is a direct relationship between the salaries of players and the price of tickets in the World Cup. FIFA contributes a certain percentage of receipts to the salaries of teams which participate in the […]
• The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Tenure The findings of the questionnaire did not corroborate the alternate hypothesis that there was a significant correlation between job satisfaction and tenure.
• Mother-Daughter Relationship: Is It Good of Bad? Therefore, the mother is also the first person who can explain to her daughter the basic purposes and roles that a woman should perform in life.
• Parent-Child Relationships in “Everyday Use” by Alice Walker The more distant and fractious relationship is between the narrator and Dee. The narrator is referred to as “Mama,” and a mama she is.
• Theatre and Society Symbiotic Relationship Out of all the forms of art, theatre is the closest to society.”Theatre is the most social of the arts. Theatre is the most social form of art and the closest to society.
• Key Aspects of Buyer and Supplier Relationship The main purpose of this work is to determine the main factors that shape a successful buyer/supplier relationship and create a certain strategy to manage their interaction.
• Buyer-Supplier Relationship Management The major principles of cooperation are joint efforts and supported interdependency that can lead to the development of competitive advantages. According to the extended typology of buyer-supplier relationships suggested by Kim and Choi, the collaboration […]
• Relationship Between Population and Economic Growth Consequently, Solow argues that the rate of population growth will be equal to the rate of economic growth in steady states.
• Compare the Relationship of Mothers and Daughters in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea The two works by the authors are related in that one work is the rewrite of another or almost the duplicate of another and therefore almost all the themes are the same in both books […]
• The Issue of “Man’s Relationship with the Divine” in Greek Mythology As the reader explores the idea of divinity throughout most of the Greek mythologies and epics, it becomes clear that there is a strong connection between the people of Greece and their gods thus making […]
• The Relationship between Stress Management and Criminal Recidivism Employment tends to increase the social capital of individuals, what is usually referred to as the networks of shared norms and values, which augments the access to the much-needed necessities.
• The Role of Communication in the Relationships It is very possible to relate to the article and advice given because in the modern world, people often get preoccupied with the fast pace that is required by their work, responsibilities and necessities of […]
• Ecomap and Genogram Relationship Family members have been visiting the family regularly to monitor the condition of the child and give them moral and financial support for the child’s medication.
• Iago and Othello Relationships With the help of relationships between Iago and Othello, Shakespeare conveyed the idea that good and evil have to coexist for the sake of the world balance.
• Starbuck’s Ethical Relationship with Stakeholders In fact, the company has for long been considered as ‘the employer of choice’ as a result of its tendency to take good care of its employees and the other stakeholders.
• Public Relations and Relationship Marketing The organizers of the 2011 Mobile Research conference should consider using public relations and relationship marketing in order to ensure that the event promotion is successful.
• Social Media in Enhancing Social Relationships and Happiness Social media and technology assist to foster and maintain relationships where the people live in different geographical regions. There is a major concern that social media and technology poses a threat to the traditional fabric […]
• Age-Crime Relationships and Motivations Of the three major factors outlined by basis theory, opportunities availability is the most determinant factor of crime commission among the youths as lack of jobs makes them engage in criminal activities in order to […]
• “Why CRM Doesn’t Work: How to Win By Letting Customers Manage the Relationship” by Frederick Newell This book explains how corporations have failed to get consumers that can provide the company with the financial rewards to help the company grow.
• Long-Term Intimate Relationships In the formation of long-term intimate relationships the environment or surroundings that a human being is exposed to greatly determines the type of relationship and the level of intimacy.
• Personal Relationships Wellness Philosophy An article by Hammer and Hammer defines love as “the result of the process of relationship in which the two people psychologically feel as though they achieve a state of oneness”.
• Empirically Supported Relationships in Counseling In counseling, this variable is essential since it helps to reduce the power distance between therapists and their clients. There is a strong link between the background diversity of clients and the attainment of better […]
• Family Relationships Role in the Business It seems that Barry Jr, as well as the other shareholders, failed to implement family talents and skills in an effective way.
• Legal Environment: Agency and Employment Relationship In relation to agency and employment, laws of agency bind contracts between employee and employer as well as employee agencies and employers.
• Environmental Crisis: People’s Relationship With Nature It is apparent that people have strived to steer off the blame for the environmental crisis that the world is facing, but they are the primary instigators of the problem.
• Why Some Victims Stay in a Sexually Abusive Relationship? The victim of the sexual abuse might have a feeling that they are failing their family, state of affairs, or even the abusive partner.
• Customer Relationship Management Software Through the codification of customer-business interactions, CRM software has allowed many companies to benefit from increased sales and improved customer loyalty.
• Relationship Between Rewards and Employee’s Motivation The primary purpose of this study is to examine the effects of reward strategies in employee retention, employee turnover and its impact in Air Arabia international Company.
• The Relationship between Color Vision and High Altitude Buttler states that the calculation of partial pressure of oxygen and other gases in the body can be done through the multiplication of the concentration of the gas in the air by the by the […]
• Elements of interpersonal relationships
• Love and Relationship
• The Relationship between Political Stability & Economic Growth
• Online Retailer-Consumer Relationship
• Relationship between Individual and Society
• The Changing Relationship Between the Generations’ Youth Studies Australia
• If “Love Is a Fallacy,” Are the “Loves” or Romantic Relationships Portrayed in the Story Logical or Illogical (Fallacious)?
• Challenges of Relationship Management With Customers in Business Environment
• Relationship Between Law and History
• Islam Akhun and His Relationship With Aurel Stein in the Silk Road
• Relationship Between Caregivers and Behavior of Youth
• Relationship Between Students Mathematics Performance and Support Provided by Teachers
• Historical Relationship of the Choctaws, Pawnees, and Navajos and How It Is Changing the Environment
• Platonic and Familial Relationships in Emerging Adulthood
• Business Relationships Aspects Analysis
• Relationship Between Psychology and Christian Faith
• The Relationship Between Memory and Oblivion
• EU-USA Relationship Analysis
• Personal and Public Relationships in the Hooper’s Movie “The King’s Speech”
• Relationships Between American Literature and American Society
• Unhappy Relationships in Hemingway’s Life and Fiction
• Mathematics and Business Relationship
• Relationship of Problem Solving to Leadership
• Race and Social Class Relationship
• Culture and Public Administration Relationship in Canada
• Individual and Community Relationship
• Organizational Behavior: Business Relationships Hypotheses
• Economic and Music Industry’ Relationship in South Africa
• Post-Traumatic Relationship Syndrome Studies
• Stress, Its Causes and Effects Relationship
• Relationship Between Mothers and Daughters
• The Relationship Between the European Union and the United States
• Relationships and Love: “Hippolytus” by Euripides
• Positive relationships in an education
• Starbucks service and relationship marketing
• The Relationship Between Parental Influence and Juvenile Delinquency
• Relationship Between Modern Imperialism and Economic Globalization
• Interpersonal Relationships: Effects of Attachments Styles
• Attraction and Repulsion as the Drivers of Male-Female Relationships
• Modern Families: Intimate and Personal Relationships
• Wal-Mart: The Challenge of Managing Relationships With Stakeholders
• The Relationship Between Green Buildings and Operations Management
• Group Counseling: Change in Relationships
• Forensic Psychology: Media and Crime Relationship
• Relationships in the Films: Fools Rush In and Mrs. Doubtfire
• Relationship between Power and Leadership
• Public Relations and Crisis Management Link
• Is Telling the Truth All the Time the Basis of Any Relationship?
• Christianity and Globalization – Relationship
• An Analysis of Apple and Samsung’s Symbiotic Relationship
• Fashion and Architecture: Relationship
• Evidence of a Relationship Between Crime and Economy
• Relationship Between Unemployment and Crimes
• Public School Quality and Its Relationship With Location Within the American Class Structure
• Art and Freedom. History and Relationship
• Starbucks Analysis: Identifying Key Transformation or Throughput Processes and Looking at the Relationships Between Them
• Customer Relationship Management in B2B
• Gender Relationship: Food and Culture
• Technology and Language Relationships
• Online Relationships Are Real and Positive
• Benedict De Spinoza Views on Religion and Politics Relationship
• PepsiCo’s Mission and Vision Relationship
• Dark Triad Effects on Romantic Relationships
• Technology and Relationships: Positive and Negative Effects
• Positive Relationships in the Working Place
• Defining Nature and our Relationship to Nature
• The Relationship Between Economic Growth and Development
• Media’s Relationship to Anti-social Behavior
• The Relationship Between Money Supply and Inflation
• Review: “Close Encounters: Communication in Relationships” by Guerrero, Andersen and Afifi
• The Relationship Between Poetry and Music in Whitman’s Life and Work
• Friendship Type – Companionship Relationship
• Analysis of the History of Biological Psychology and Its Relationship With Other Psychology Branches
• The Natural World, Human Identity, Human Relationships, and Civilization: A Perspective From the Book of Genesis
• Major Argument and Minor Argument on Open Relationships
• Good Parent-Children Relationship
• Break up of a Relationship
• Thomas More and King Henry VIII, their Relationship
• Domestic Violence in Women’s Experiences Worldwide
• Exploring the Relationship Between Education Funding and Student Performance
• Dual Relationships in Psychology: A Personal and Professional Journey
• The US-Chinese Economic Relationship and Re-Shoring
• US-UK Economic Tensions: A Historical Analysis
• Negotiation and Relationship Building
• Interpersonal Communication and Effective Relationships
• Relationships in Chinese Society
• Challenging Conversations for Relationship Elaboration
• Non-Verbal Cues in Close Relationships
• Inattention in Patient-Nurse Relationships
• Briggs and the Utku: Cultural Tendencies of Relationship
• Home, Work, and Relationships in Modern Families
• Interracial Romantic Relationships
• A Therapeutic Relationship with a Client
• University Students’ Relationships with Parents
• Causal Relationships in the Community
• Practitioner-Patient Relationships and Their Effects
• Social Networks’ Negative Impact on Relationships
• The Trade Relationship between Rising Action Bakery and Power Flour, LLC
• Men-Women Relationship in Ancient India
• Gender-Based Conflicts in Relationships
• The Settlers and Native American Tribes Relationship
• Learning Relationships with Consumers
• Power in Care Relationships
• Nurse-Patient Relationships and Implementation of Peplau’s Theory
• Apple vs. Nucor, Organizational Perspectives and Relationships
• The Person-Environment Fit and Intention to Leave Relationships
• Professional Relationships and Communication Qualities
• Old-Young and Parent-Child Relationships in Early Chinese Society
• Importance of Employees Positive Relationships With Supervisors
• Relationship Between the Community and Law Enforcement
• Child-Parent Relationships in Contemporary International Cinema
• Effects of Body-Worn Cameras on the Relationships Between the Police and Citizens
• Familiar Human Relationships in the Fantastic Settings
• Negotiating and Managing in Supplier Relationships
• Managing Interpersonal Relationships in Family
• Patients and Care Providers Relationships
• Patient and Provider Relationships
• Fatherhood and Relationships Programs
• Discussion of Human Relationships
• The Americans and Indigenous People Relationships
• Respect and Self-Respect: Impact on Interpersonal Relationships and Personal Identity
• The Themes of Obsession and Relationship in the Stories
• Staging Relationships by Henrik Ibsen
• Emerging Adults With ASD and the Importance of Close Relationships
• The Europeans and Native Americans Relationships
• Football in Ghana and Its Relationship With the Rest of the World
• The US and Apple Relationship in the Field of Cybersecurity
• Reasons for Cohabiting: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships
• Relationship Satisfaction: Sexual, Emotional Intimacy, and Communication
• The Self-Sabotage Problem in Relationships
• Grace in Interpersonal Communication and Intimate Relationships
• Mentoring in Science and Engineering and Interpersonal Relationship Training
• Parenthub as Resource for Parent-Child Relationships Building
• Organizational Culture and Work Relationships
• Analysis of Marital Relationship Problems
• The Relationships Between Parents and Children and Keys to Their Success
• The Love and Marriage Relationship Analysis
• Adolescent Relationship and School Culture
• The Relationship Between Diabetes and COVID-19
• The Ethics and Law Relationship Analysis
• Coach-Player Relationship: Power Distance and Individualism-Collectivism
• Family Relationship: Life-Span Development
• Personal Relationship With Substance Abuse
• Economic Growth and Unemployment Relationship in the USA
• Relationship: Communication Between Family Members
• Economic Status and Severity of Punishment Relationship
• The Relationship Between Sexual Orientation and Suicide
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and a Healthy Lifestyle Relationship
• “Family Relationships in What It Means to Say Phoenix Arizona” by S. Alexie
• The Relationship of Western Cultures to Aboriginal Children
• Obesity and COVID-19 Relationship Analysis
• Life, Technology and Relationships in Year of 2160
• The Relationship Between the Working Memory and Non-Conscious Experiences
• Consciousness: The Link Between Working Memory and Unconscious Experience
• Sociology of the Family: Love and Relationships
• The Relationship Between Single-Parent Households and Poverty
• Beowulf Defeats Grendel: Relationships With Family, Women, and His Own Gender
• Adolescent Romantic Relationships
• Relationship Between Sakuntala and Being a Single Mother in India Today
• Hamlet and Gertrude Relationships in Shakespeare’s Play
• Benefit and Honesty in Human Relationships
• How I Formed My Present Relationship to the Written Word
• Online Dating Platforms, Sex, and Relationships
• Empathy in Parent-Child Relationships
• Parent-Child Relationships in Later Life
• History and Technology Relationship Analysis
• Communication Conflict and Climate in Relationships
• Factors Making a Relationship Successful
• Gross Domestic Product and Quality of Life Relationship
• Personal Relationships in “Why Women Kill” TV Series
• Substance Abuse Impact on Intimate Relationships
• Relationship Between Gender and Criminology
• The Relationship Between Accounting Information and Stock Price Reaction
• Leadership: Establishing Relationship and Influencing Change
• The Inter-Personal Relationships
• Personal Code of Ethics and Interpersonal Relationships
• Religious Groups and Corporates Relationship
• Relationship of Hip-Hop With Race and Identity
• Relationship Between Pairs of Concepts
• Heroin Overdose and Socioeconomic Status Relationship
• Analysis of Situations in Relationships With Management
• The Relationship Between Qualitative Analysis and Evidence-Based Practice Research
• Relationship Characteristics in Glee
• Preceptor & Graduate Nursing Student Relationships
• The Relationship Between Epigenetics and the Effects of the Holocaust
• Researching Relationship Between Using Cannabis and Psychosis
• Gender Relationships in “Orange World” Stories by Karen Russell
• Therapeutic Communication and Relationships
• Children Trauma and the Effects on Relationship
• Healthy Versus Unhealthy Relationships
• Mobile Devices and Personal Relationships
• The Causal Relationship of the Culture of Individualism
• “Relationships Among the Nurse Work Environment, Self-Nurturance…” by Nemcek
• Building Working and Trusting Relationships Through Negotiations
• The Relationship Between Personality and Infidelity Among Millennials
• Educator-Student Relationships: Friendship or Authority?
• Evaluating the Employer-Employee Relationship
• African Politics: The Impact of State-Society Relationships
• Self-Happiness and Its Impact on Romantic Relationships
• Russia and the United States Relationship in History
• Social Relationships, Assimilation, Substance-Use Disorders Among Adult Latinos
• Effect of Supportive Relationships on School
• Socioeconomic Status and Health Relationship
• Women in Relationships: Chopin’s “The Story of an Hour” & Hemingway’s “Hills Like White Elephants”
• Negotiation and Emotions in Business Relationship
• Civilization’s ‘Blooming’ and Liberty Relationship
• Political Economy: Relationship Between Poverty, Inequality, and Nationalism
• Moral Responsibility: Ethics and Human Relationships
• The Relationship Between Gender Inequality and Women’s Economic Independence
• Language Without Numbers: Relationships Among Ecosystem Services
• Relationship Between the UK and European Union
• Literature: Relationships and Human Behavior
• General Motors and China’s SAIC Motors Relationship
• Attachment Styles and Relationships
• The Relationship Between Polygamy and Self-Esteem in Children in Saudi Arabia
• Flip-Flops Firm’s Customer Relationship Activities
• Promissory Notes and Trust Relationships
• Family Relationship in the Thappad Film
• The Relationship Between Human Development Index and Socio-Economic Variables
• The Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Asthma Disease in Children
• The Relationship Between Patient’s Waiting Time and Office-Based Practice Satisfaction
• Relationship Between Asthma and the Body Mass Index
• A Relationship Between Environmental Disclosure and Environmental Responsiveness
• American Policing: History, Contributions of Sir Robert Peel, Relationships Between the U.S. Government and Policing
• Factors Effecting Bank – Borrower Relationship in UAE
• The Relationship Between Prayer, Spirituality and Patients’ Health
• The “Slippery Slope” and Its Relationship to Gratuities
• The Relationships Between Marijuana and the Legal System
• Financial and Strategic Planning Relationship
• Relationship Between Ethnocentrism and Intercultural Communication
• The Relationship Between Cancer and Lifestyle
• Euro-Dollar Relationship and Changes in the Euro
• Contract Is the Basis of All Commercial Relationships
• The Renal System and Its Relationship to Metabolism
• Family Relationship, Childhood Delinquency, Criminality
• Depressive Symptoms and HIV Disease Relationship
• Landlord-Tenant Legal Relationship
• Toward a New Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship
• International Business Relationships Between Australia and China: Impact of Cultural Issues
• Mobile Addiction and Anxiety: The Relationship Analysis
• The Relationship Between Acoustics and Human Voice
• Inter-Professional Relationships, Culture, and Diversity in Nursing: A Reflection
• Peer Articles Review About Doctor/Patient Relationship
• The Entity Relationship Diagrams
• Marriage and Crime Reduction: Is There a Relationship?
• Illegal Immigrants in Abusive Relationships
• An Entity-Relationship Model: New CQ Asset Management’s
• Relationship Between Nurse and Patient
• Relationship Satisfaction and Psychological Well-Being Among Greek People With Physical Disabilities
• Mental Illness Relationship to Crime
• Pain, Disease and Health Relationship
• Unemployment and Recession: Causes and Relationship
• Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease Relationship
• Contract for the Physician-Patient Relationship
• Modality of Family Faith and Meanings and Relationships in Family Life
• The Problem of Business Relationships Built on Romantic
• Drug Design and the Qualitative Structure: Activity Relationship
• Contract Law and Legally Binding Relationship
• Folic Acid and Neural Tube Defects Relationship
• Nurse-Patient Relationship: Effective Communication
• Organizational Relationship of Merck & Co.
• The Relationship Between Hypothyroidism and Obesity
• Economy and Crime: The Relationship
• The Social Relationship and the Causes of Violence in Female Gangs
• Patient-Doctor Relationship: Quality Improvement Intervention Plan
• Clubs’ Relationship With Fans and Internet
• The Relationship of Drugs and Crime
• Lawyers and Ethics: Attorney-Client Relationship
• The Relationship of Type 2 Diabetes and Depression
• The Relationship Between the Principal and the Agent
• Relationship Among Mental Health, Hypertension and Telomere Length
• European Union’s Global Relationships and Economy
• Investigation of the Relationship Between Adipose Tissue and Beef Quality
• “Relationships of Problematic Internet Use With Depression”: Study Strengths and Weaknesses
• The Psychology of Interpersonal Relationships
• Has Race Relationship in America Gotten Better or Worse?
• Belongings and Relationship With Past Experiences
• Personality and Marketing Practices Relationship
• The Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s Relationship
• Customer Relationship Management and Increasing Sales
• Private Equity: A Private-Public Investing Relationship Pattern
• Jazz and Activism Relationships
• The Influence of Robots and AI on Work Relationships
• Importance of Agency Relationships
• The Positive Patient Relationships
• Law Enforcement Relationships
• Central Outreach & Advocacy Center: Staff Relationships Analysis
• The History of Dating and Romantic Relationships
• Romantic Relationship: Main Aspects
• Al Pacino and His Relationship to Social Values
• Customer Relationship Management in Abu Dhabi
• The Story of Macbeth by W. Sheakspeare: Relationship and Strengths Between Macbeth and His Wife
• Power, Relationship & Influence
• A Model for Defining Relationships Between Variables
• Canada’s Role in the History of Money: The Relationship Between Ownership and Control
• Relationships in Japanese History and Culture
• Intimate Relationships: Conceptual Distinction Between Liking and Loving
• Interracial Relationships: The Problems and Their Solution
• Cell Phone Use and Our Ability to Build Quality Interpersonal Relationships
• Gendered Communication and Relationships
• Hamlet’s Relationship With His Mother and Uncle
• Developing Relationship With Traditional Curriculum
• “Opportunity, Fair Process and Relationship Value”: Analysis of the Article
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• The Special Relationship and Future British Foreign Policy
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• Simon Fraser University and Its Relationship With First Nations People
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• Command Relationships: Term Definition
• Relationship Between Democracy and Violence in Colombia
• Environment & Human Beings: North Eastern America
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• Networking: Business Relationships
• Native Indians and Europeans’ Relationships
• Relationship Between Civil Society and State of an Australian Public Sphere
• The Relationships Between Male and Female in “Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?” by D. K. Philip
• China-Tibet Relationship in Beijing Olympics 2008
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• Relationship Between the Brain and the Nervous System
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• The Conceptual Relationship Between Memory and Imagination
• The Impact of the Relationship Between Aboriginal and Chinese People on Taiwan’s Development
• Freud and Hamlet’s Relationship with His Mother
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• How Has Social Media Affected the Relationship Between Celebrities and Fans?
• Does Modern Day Communication via Social Network Put an End to True and Sincere Relationship?
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• Can Servant Leaders Fuel the Leadership Fire?
• How Can Nurse Establish Therapeutic Relationship With Patient?
• Does Peer Pressure Have an Influence on College Students Being in a Monogamous Relationship?
• Can Social Media Marketing Improve Customer Relationship Capabilities and Firm Performance?
• How Does Browning Present the Relationship Between Men and Women in His Two Poems?
• Does Relationship Quality Matter in Consumer Ethical Decision Making?
• How Does Attraction Work When We Build Up Our Social Relationship?
• Does Sibling Relationship Matter to Self-Concept and Resilience in Adolescents Under Residential Care?
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127 Relationship Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Inside This Article

Relationships are an essential part of human life, shaping our experiences, emotions, and overall well-being. Whether it's with a romantic partner, family member, friend, or colleague, relationships play a crucial role in our daily interactions and personal development. With such a diverse range of relationships in our lives, there are countless topics to explore and discuss when it comes to relationships. In this article, we will provide 127 relationship essay topic ideas and examples to inspire your next writing project.

Romantic Relationships:

• The impact of social media on modern relationships
• The importance of communication in a healthy relationship
• How to maintain a long-distance relationship
• The role of trust in a romantic relationship
• The effects of jealousy in a relationship
• How to navigate conflicts in a relationship
• The benefits of couples therapy
• The impact of love languages on relationship dynamics
• How to keep the spark alive in a long-term relationship
• The role of gender roles in romantic relationships

Family Relationships: 11. The dynamics of sibling relationships 12. The effects of parental divorce on children's relationships 13. The importance of family rituals in strengthening relationships 14. How to improve communication within a family 15. The impact of cultural differences on family relationships 16. The role of family history in shaping relationships 17. How to navigate conflicts with family members 18. The benefits of family therapy 19. The impact of technology on family relationships 20. The challenges of caring for aging parents

Friendships: 21. The qualities of a true friend 22. The benefits of having a diverse group of friends 23. The impact of social media on friendships 24. How to maintain friendships as an adult 25. The role of empathy in friendships 26. The effects of jealousy in friendships 27. The benefits of having a close-knit friend group 28. The impact of moving on friendships 29. How to navigate conflicts with friends 30. The importance of setting boundaries in friendships

Workplace Relationships: 31. The benefits of having strong relationships with colleagues 32. The impact of office politics on workplace relationships 33. The role of communication in workplace relationships 34. How to build trust with coworkers 35. The effects of competition on workplace relationships 36. The benefits of mentorship in the workplace 37. The challenges of managing relationships with superiors 38. The impact of remote work on workplace relationships 39. How to navigate conflicts with coworkers 40. The importance of work-life balance in maintaining healthy relationships

Relationships and Mental Health: 41. The link between healthy relationships and mental well-being 42. The impact of toxic relationships on mental health 43. The benefits of therapy for relationship issues 44. How to set boundaries in relationships for better mental health 45. The effects of loneliness on mental health 46. The role of self-care in maintaining healthy relationships 47. The benefits of support groups for relationship struggles 48. The impact of trauma on interpersonal relationships 49. How to heal from past relationship wounds 50. The importance of self-reflection in improving relationships

Parent-Child Relationships: 51. The effects of different parenting styles on parent-child relationships 52. The benefits of quality time in parent-child relationships 53. The impact of technology on parent-child relationships 54. How to build trust with your child 55. The role of discipline in parent-child relationships 56. The challenges of balancing work and parenting 57. The benefits of family traditions in strengthening parent-child relationships 58. The impact of divorce on parent-child relationships 59. How to navigate conflicts with your child 60. The importance of open communication in parent-child relationships

Interracial Relationships: 61. The challenges of navigating cultural differences in interracial relationships 62. The benefits of interracial relationships 63. The impact of societal perceptions on interracial relationships 64. How to address racism within an interracial relationship 65. The role of family acceptance in interracial relationships 66. The effects of stereotypes on interracial relationships 67. The benefits of diversity in relationships 68. The challenges of raising biracial children 69. How to support your partner in an interracial relationship 70. The importance of celebrating cultural differences in interracial relationships

LGBTQ+ Relationships: 71. The challenges of coming out in a relationship 72. The benefits of LGBTQ+ representation in media on relationships 73. The impact of discrimination on LGBTQ+ relationships 74. How to navigate societal stigma in LGBTQ+ relationships 75. The role of chosen family in LGBTQ+ relationships 76. The effects of internalized homophobia on LGBTQ+ relationships 77. The benefits of LGBTQ+ support groups 78. The challenges of legal recognition for LGBTQ+ relationships 79. How to build a strong support system in an LGBTQ+ relationship 80. The importance of self-acceptance in LGBTQ+ relationships

Relationships and Technology: 81. The impact of dating apps on modern relationships 82. The benefits of virtual relationships 83. The effects of social media on relationship satisfaction 84. How to set boundaries around technology use in relationships 85. The role of video calls in long-distance relationships 86. The challenges of maintaining intimacy in a digital world 87. The benefits of online support groups for relationship issues 88. The impact of sexting on relationships 89. How to navigate conflicts over technology use in relationships 90. The importance of unplugging for better relationship health

Relationships and Self-Discovery: 91. The role of relationships in personal growth 92. The benefits of self-reflection in improving relationships 93. The impact of childhood experiences on adult relationships 94. How to heal from past relationship trauma 95. The challenges of breaking toxic relationship patterns 96. The benefits of therapy for relationship issues 97. The role of mindfulness in improving relationships 98. The effects of self-awareness on relationship dynamics 99. How to cultivate self-love for healthier relationships 100. The importance of setting boundaries for self-preservation

Miscellaneous Relationship Topics: 101. The impact of the pandemic on relationships 102. The benefits of pet relationships on mental health 103. The effects of age gap relationships 104. How to navigate relationships as a single parent 105. The role of forgiveness in repairing broken relationships 106. The benefits of volunteer relationships 107. The impact of codependency on relationships 108. How to build trust after a betrayal 109. The challenges of ending a toxic relationship 110. The benefits of relationship role-playing for communication skills 111. The impact of generational differences on relationships 112. The benefits of mentor-mentee relationships 113. The role of humor in strengthening relationships 114. How to maintain relationships as an introvert 115. The effects of attachment styles on relationship dynamics 116. The benefits of group therapy for relationship issues 117. The impact of substance abuse on relationships 118. How to support a partner with mental health challenges 119. The challenges of blended family relationships 120. The benefits of volunteering together in a relationship 121. The impact of financial stress on relationships 122. How to navigate relationships with different love languages 123. The role of forgiveness in repairing broken relationships 124. The benefits of mutual hobbies in relationships 125. The impact of trauma on relationships 126. How to rebuild trust after infidelity 127. The importance of gratitude in maintaining healthy relationships

In conclusion, relationships are a complex and multifaceted aspect of human life, with endless possibilities for exploration and discussion. Whether you're interested in romantic relationships, family dynamics, friendships, work relationships, or any other type of relationship, there is a wealth of topics to explore and write about. We hope that these 127 relationship essay topic ideas and examples have inspired you to delve deeper into the world of relationships and uncover new insights and perspectives. Happy writing!

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Essays About Love and Relationships: Top 5 Examples

Love, romance, and relationships are just as complicated and messy as they are fascinating. Read our guide on essays about love and relationships.

We, as humans, are social beings. Humanity is inclined towards living with others of our kind and forming relationships with them. Love, whether in a romantic context or otherwise, is essential to a strong relationship with someone. It can be used to describe familial, friendly, or romantic relationships; however, it most commonly refers to romantic partners. 

Love and relationships are difficult to understand, but with effort, devotion, and good intentions, they can blossom into something beautiful that will stay with you for life. This is why it is important to be able to discern wisely when choosing a potential partner.

5 Essay Examples

1. love and marriage by kannamma shanmugasundaram, 2. what my short-term relationships taught me about love and life by aaron zhu, 3. true love waits by christine barrett, 4. choosing the right relationship by robert solley, 5. masters of love by emily esfahani smith, 1. what is a healthy romantic relationship, 2. a favorite love story, 3. relationship experiences, 4. lessons relationships can teach you, 5. love and relationships in the 21st century, 6. is marriage necessary for true love.

“In successful love marriages, couples have to learn to look past these imperfections and remember the reasons why they married each other in the first place. They must be able to accept the fact that neither one of them is perfect. Successful love marriages need to set aside these superior, seemingly impossible expectations and be willing to compromise, settling for some good and some bad.”

Shanmugasundaram’s essay looks at marriage in Eastern Cultures, such as her Indian traditions, in which women have less freedom and are often forced into arranged marriages. Shanmugasundaram discusses her differing views with her parents over marriage; they prefer to stick to tradition while she, influenced by Western values, wants to choose for herself. Ultimately, she has compromised with her parents: they will have a say in who she marries, but it will be up to her to make the final decision. She will only marry who she loves. 

“There is no forever, I’ve been promised forever by so many exes that it’s as meaningless to me as a homeless person promising me a pot of gold. From here on out, I’m no longer looking for promises of forever, what I want is the promise that you’ll try your best and you’ll be worth it. Don’t promise me forever, promise me that there will be no regrets.”

In Zhu’s essay, he reflects on his lessons regarding love and relationships. His experiences with past partners have taught him many things, including self-worth and the inability to change others. Most interestingly, however, he believes that “forever” does not exist and that going into a relationship, they should commit to as long as possible, not “forever.” Furthermore, they should commit to making the relationship worthwhile without regret. 

“For life is a constant change, love is the greatest surprise, friendship is your best defense, maturity comes with responsibility and death is just around the corner, so, expect little, assume nothing, learn from your mistakes, never fail to have faith that true love waits, take care of your friends, treasure your family, moderate your pride and throw up all hatred for God opens millions of flowers without forcing the buds, reminding us not to force our way but to wait for true love to happen perfectly in His time.”

Barrett writes about how teenagers often feel the need to be in a relationship or feel “love” as soon as possible. But unfortunately, our brains are not fully matured in our teenage years, so we are more likely to make mistakes. Barrett discourages teenagers from dating so early; she believes that they should let life take its course and enjoy life at the moment. Her message is that they shouldn’t be in a rush to grow up, for true love will come to those who are patient. You might also be interested in these essays about commitment and essays about girlfriends .

“A paucity of common interests gets blamed when relationships go south, but they are rarely the central problem. Nonetheless, it is good to have some — mostly in terms of having enough in common that there are things that you enjoy spending time doing together. The more important domains to consider are personality and values, and when it comes to personality, the key question is how does your potential partner handle stress.”

Solley, from a more psychological perspective, gives tips on how one can choose the ideal person to be in a relationship with. Love is a lifetime commitment, so much thought should be put into it. One should look at culture, values regarding spending money, and common interests. Solley believes that you should not always look for someone with the same interests, for what makes a relationship interesting is the partners’ differences and how they look past them. 

“There are two ways to think about kindness. You can think about it as a fixed trait: Either you have it or you don’t. Or you could think of kindness as a muscle. In some people, that muscle is naturally stronger than in others, but it can grow stronger in everyone with exercise. Masters tend to think about kindness as a muscle. They know that they have to exercise it to keep it in shape. They know, in other words, that a good relationship requires sustained hard work.”

Smith discusses research conducted over many years that explains the different aspects of a relationship, including intimacy, emotional strength, and kindness. She discusses kindness in-depth, saying that a relationship can test your kindness, but you must be willing to work to be kind if you love your partner. You might also be interested in these essays about divorce .

6 Writing Prompts On Essays About Love and Relationships

Everyone has a different idea of what makes a great relationship. For example, some prioritize assertiveness in their partner, while others prefer a calmer demeanor. You can write about different qualities and habits that a healthy, respectful relationship needs, such as quality time and patience. If you have personal experience, reflect on this as well; however, if you don’t, write about what you would hope from your future partner. 

Love and relationships have been an essential element in almost every literary work, movie, and television show; an example of each would be Romeo and Juliet , The Fault in Our Stars , and Grey’s Anatomy . Even seemingly unrelated movies, such as the Star Wars and Lord of the Rings franchises, have a romantic component. Describe a love story of your choice; explain its plot, characters, and, most importantly, how the theme of love and relationships is present. 

If you have been in a romantic relationship before, or if you are in one currently, reflect on your experience. Why did you pursue this relationship? Explore your relationship’s positive and negative sides and, if applicable, how it ended. If not, write about how you will try and prevent the relationship from ending.

All our experiences in life form us, relationships included. In your essay, reflect on ways romantic relationships can teach you new things and make you better; consider values such as self-worth, patience, and positivity. Then, as with the other prompts, use your personal experiences for a more interesting essay. Hou might find our guide on how to write a vow helpful.

How love, romance, and relationships are perceived has changed dramatically in recent years; from the nuclear family, we have seen greater acceptance of same-sex relationships, blended families, and relationships with more than two partners—research on how the notion of romantic relationships has changed and discuss this in your essay. 

More and more people in relationships are deciding not to get married. For a strong argumentative essay, discuss whether you agree with the idea that true love does not require marriage, so it is fine not to get married in the first place. Research the arguments of both sides, then make your claim. 

Check out our guide packed full of transition words for essays . If you’re still stuck, check out our general resource of essay writing topics .

Martin is an avid writer specializing in editing and proofreading. He also enjoys literary analysis and writing about food and travel.

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Home — Essay Samples — Sociology — Friendship — Friendship Is a Very Special Relationship

Friendship is a Very Special Relationship

• Categories: Friendship

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Published: Jul 17, 2018

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The power of relationships and partnerships forged by special ops

In over three decades of being privileged to serve in U.S. special operations forces (SOF), I witnessed many forms of power in dozens of campaigns, battles, and other operations across four continents. These ranged from physical, kinetic power, to the use of technology, information, intelligence and others. Whether this power was tactically, operationally, or strategically employed, each form was often profoundly impressive.

And yet, I came to realize that one type of power often stood alone and, in many ways, was more important than all the rest. Ironically, it was also the least tangible or physical. Its dimensions cannot by measured by a micrometer, or its existence weighed on any scale. Indeed, its strength lies in the fact that it is deeply emotional, psychological, and highly personal.

This vital form of intangible power originates from the thoughtful, deliberate, and persistent creation of relationships that lead to partnerships, and this intentional effort is irreplaceable for advancing and protecting U.S. national security interests. The history of special operations in the U.S. is replete with examples that demonstrate how vital this can be, and I offer two specific examples that are illuminating and instructive.

As a very young Army Special Forces officer in the 1980′s oriented on the Pacific region, my colleagues and I frequently deployed to train with the Philippine Scout Rangers, the Philippine Marines, and other formations of their armed forces. This cultivated a broad network of strong friendships that flourished on both sides for decades. When relations between the U.S. and the Philippines significantly dwindled after 1991 because of the closure of Subic Bay and Clark Air Force Base as U.S. installations, the American-Philippines relationship deteriorated even more sharply during the six years President Duterte was in office . And yet, the personal bonds of friendship and shared experiences between U.S. special operations forces and the Armed Forces of the Philippines endured, however informally. Subsequently, in 2014 when the Islamic State dramatically emerged to threaten the Philippines , this enduring informal network of American special operators and Philippine military personnel became indispensable in combating this threat by enabling a very rapid renewal of a strong and effective operational partnership. This was most vividly demonstrated during the battle for Marawi City in Mindanao , and ultimately enabled the Philippines to defeat ISIS. Strong relationships continue to pay dividends today to enable an ever-stronger strategic partnership between the U.S. and the Philippines in their combined efforts to contest China, which blasted water cannons at Philippine vessels and rammed one carrying Philippine Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces Romeo Brawner in December 2023.

Another powerful example flows from the counter-ISIS fight in Iraq and Syria. After the fall of Saddam Hussein’s regime in 2003, special operations personnel spent years in combat alongside both the Kurdish Peshmerga and Iraqi special operators combatting insurgents and Al-Qaeda networks. This led to deep personal bonds of trust and affection across these forces that endured for years and remained intact long after the complete withdrawal of U.S. forces from Iraq in 2011. Then, in 2014 when ISIS suddenly emerged to seize the city of Mosul and begin marching toward Baghdad, the hasty redeployment of American special operations forces into Iraq quickly became operationally and strategically effective because of the enduring relationships between these forces, despite years of physical separation. Both the Peshmerga and Iraqi operators welcomed their American counterparts with open arms, and neither side had to waste time in developing trust or having to learn about what each side had to contribute to the fight. Instead, all were able to join forces rapidly and effectively in a committed partnership that endures to this day.

These examples illustrate how strategically irreplaceable these deeply committed relationships can be, and how they can blossom into strategic partnerships. The special operations community always appreciates that such relationships in another land require long-term investments of time, demonstrated reliability, and persistent presence whenever possible. Doing so, simply put, is part of SOF’s “DNA.”

Just as importantly, these SOF practices can provide invaluable advantages, opportunities, and outcomes for more than just U.S. military goals. For decades, U.S. SOF has deliberately invested in consistent integration and collaboration with many other U.S. agencies and departments, ranging from intelligence agencies to the State Department and its foreign service, and beyond. Today, a vast network of personal relationships persists between U.S. SOF and dozens of U.S. interagency partner organizations. In many cases, these relationships were initiated during deployments in combat environments over the past two decades. Most importantly, just as this practice enabled U.S. SOF to develop strategic partnerships with global actors, so has this practice with other agencies fostered genuine operational and strategic partnerships that directly enable both U.S. SOF, and these civilian agencies, to become far more effective.

Today, the entire U.S. military is a well-resourced and highly skilled enterprise. Amidst a world marked by escalating mistrust, instability and the proliferation of violence sponsored by both nation-states and extremists, all military branches are now urgently seeking new ways to achieve tactical, operational, and strategic advantages. Accordingly, the old saying that protecting America and her interests requires harnessing “all instruments of national power” is even more true than ever before.

U.S. special operations forces contribute to all these efforts in numerous ways. However, its enduring strength lies in its time-proven ability, skill, and enthusiasm for deliberately cultivating long-term and deep relationships. By intentionally nourishing these relationships, the special operations community aims to evolve them toward someday becoming genuine operational and strategic partnerships. In so doing, U.S. SOF enhances and enriches its contribution to all of America’s efforts to deter aggression, or should those efforts fail, to swiftly and decisively respond to threats, protect national interests and promote stability worldwide.

Retired Army Lt. Gen. Michael K. Nagata , enlisted in 1982, attended Army Officer Candidate School and later volunteered for U.S. Army Special Forces. Throughout his 38-year career, he served in many special operations and interagency roles, participating in dozens of contingency and combat operations abroad. His final assignment was Director of Strategic Operational Planning at the National Counterterrorism Center. Today, he works as the strategic advisor and senior vice president for CACI International, a defense and technology company that provides significant capabilities and assistance for U.S. SOF and other national security needs.

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The monsters that made me: Growing up disabled, all of my heroes were villains

Horror movies challenged my relationship with myself

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Share All sharing options for: The monsters that made me: Growing up disabled, all of my heroes were villains

Every monster needs an origin story. Here’s mine.

I was born with a rare condition — radioulnar synostosis — which restricts the movement of my forearms. I am unable to turn my hands over palms up, the way you might accept loose change or splash water on your face or land an uppercut. I have lived with this condition all my life, and yet it wasn’t until my late 20s that I started referring to myself as “disabled.”

This word carries immense baggage, and many of us within the wide spectrum of disability tend to minimize our experiences or, as in my case, suffer from feelings of impostor syndrome. Could be worse , I often tell myself. You don’t deserve to call yourself disabled .

Coming to terms with my disability took a long time, to not only accept my identity, but also to discard the lingering shame and stigma that coincide with being disabled. A major part of this reconciliation was thanks to an unlikely source of solace — horror films.

I’ve been a horror obsessive as long as I can remember, but I only recently figured out how to articulate why the genre resonates so strongly with me. On-screen depictions of deformed, disfigured killers and creatures serve as reflections of my own otherness. The phantasmagoric realm of horror, though dark and violent, provides an outlet for me to express the discomfort, frustration, and anxiety surrounding my corporeal limitations.

From a young age, I subconsciously related to monsters, madmen, and every combination thereof. Many even taught me to frame disability in a positive fashion. The archetypal antagonists from the golden age of horror cinema — the Wolfman, Dracula, Frankenstein’s monster — all underwent a transformation to be imbued with extraordinary, otherworldly gifts. Their differences were a source of power, inverting the traditional view of disability as a hindrance, a burden.

My attraction to horror began innocently enough. There were clamshell VHSes galore at my babysitter’s house, including all the Disney classics, many of which were plenty horrific, like the “Night on Bald Mountain” sequence in Fantasia . I carefully studied the imposing figure of Chernabog, the winged, devil-horned demon summoning lost souls from the underworld. To me, he seemed benevolent rather than evil, a counterpoint to the sparkling sunrise that banishes him back to the shadows, an essential element of natural balance.

Disney’s version of “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,” oddly lumped as a double feature with The Wind in the Willows , presented another kindred spirit — the Headless Horseman. Decked in black and adorned with a blood-red cape, clutching a saber in one hand and a flaming jack-o’-lantern in the other, the Headless Horseman, for me, came to represent the extreme limits of human endurance. A cannonball takes the ill-fated soldier’s head and still his body lingers, perseveres.

Another seminal gateway wasn’t even a horror film. On its surface, The Wizard of Oz is a saccharine Technicolor musical romp, but the dream world its characters inhabit is full of menace — maniacal flying monkeys, spear-wielding Winkie guards, and my favorite, the iconic Wicked Witch of the West. Despite her green flesh and pointy chin, I found her beautiful, alluring, and endlessly more compelling than the picture-perfect Glinda. Astride her broomstick, flinging fireballs, stalking Dorothy and her companions through Oz, the Wicked Witch became the reason I watched an old tape of The Wizard of Oz so many times that the reel snapped.

As she pointed toward the camera with her spindly fingers and sharp nails, I imagined the Wicked Witch was singling me out, inviting me into her world. There, everyone was different, from the Munchkins, notably played by a cast of dwarf actors, to the main trio of the Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Cowardly Lion, who were all “defective” in their own ways, physically and mentally handicapped by the absence of some critical inner faculty. Why Dorothy was so desperate to return to the bleak, monochromatic reality of Depression-era Kansas was beyond me. I would have much preferred to stay in Oz.

By the time I finished elementary school, my tastes sharpened, and I craved harder, more acidic fare. My appetite had been steadily whet by a diet of gory comic books and yellowed Stephen King paperbacks. Cable television in the ’90s was also rife with kindertrauma-inducing spectacle. I was allowed to watch Are You Afraid of the Dark? and Goosebumps , since both were on kid-friendly channels. When left unsupervised, which was often as the child of a single mom who had to work multiple gigs, I could sneak episodes of Tales from the Crypt or X-Files . I knew there was a world of adult horror, and I wanted nothing more than to breach this forbidden zone.

Where to watch the movies mentioned in this piece

• Fantasia : Disney Plus
• Disney’s The Legend of Sleepy Hollow : Disney Plus , as a part of The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad 
• The Wizard of Oz : Max
• The Evil Dead : For digital rental or purchase on Amazon and Vudu
• The Brood : Max , Criterion Channel
• Castle Freak : Shudder, AMC Plus, and for free with ads on Tubi

I caught glimpses of it at the video rental store, where I was compulsively drawn to the horror section. I scanned the shelves, memorizing titles for future reference, studying the macabre cover art, scrutinizing the stills of sliced throats, hacked limbs, and oozing ectoplasm. Although I wasn’t allowed to take home anything rated R, I soon found loopholes that granted me access to films I was desperate to ingest.

Staying over at a friend’s house, we would wait until the grown-ups were asleep, then flip to HBO (a luxury we could not afford at my own home). It was there I first watched The Evil Dead , a personal landmark of my initiation into splatter flicks. My friend and I insisted we weren’t scared, as we cowered in our sleeping bags, squealing with perverse delight when the first possessed teenager stabbed her friend in the ankle with a pencil. We chattered throughout the movie to compensate for our obvious nerves, but by the time Ash Williams descended into the cellar searching for shotgun shells with a ravenous Deadite on the loose, the two of us had gone mute with fear.

Ash, armed with his trademark chainsaw, was clearly the hero (and himself destined to become an amputee in the sequel), but it was the Deadites who entranced me. When the demons seized control, the bodily degradation took effect. First, the teenagers’ eyes went white, and before long, their flesh wrinkled, turned sallow, decayed, bile and pus dripping from spontaneous lacerations. I had never witnessed anything so utterly bloodsoaked, resplendent in viscera, a film that relished in the ways a body can be corrupted.

Bodies are frightfully fragile, and we are all one small step away from an accident or illness that can permanently debilitate. Few filmmakers understand the body’s capacity for biological horror more than David Cronenberg , whose oeuvre introduced me to a world where disability is infused with latent eroticism and regenerative potential.

In high school, I got a job at the same video rental store I prowled as a kid. Now I had the freedom to take home whatever I pleased. The older guys who managed the shop would recommend titles to test my limits — Salò , Cannibal Holocaust , Irreversible . Cocksure teenager that I was, enduring “the most fucked up movie ever made” became my solemn quest. But disturbing or violent as they may be, few video nasties were capable of truly scaring me. Knowing I was a devotee of both horror and sci-fi, one of the clerks suggested I check out Cronenberg, so I took a chance on The Brood .

I was deeply unsettled by the story of an estranged couple fighting over custody of their daughter. What frighted me wasn’t the deformed, dwarflike progeny — birthed by the ex-wife and telekinetically driven to brutally murder anyone who crossed her. The broodlings were devoted to their mother, as was I, and would do anything to protect her. What shook me was Cronenberg’s metaphorical treatment of divorce, especially after watching my own parents’ messy split. The rupturing of a family resulting in physiological consequences illustrated the link between body and mind, a relationship of which I was all too aware, having dealt with depression as long as I could remember.

For many people with disabilities, physical and mental anguish are synonymous, feeding into one another. Feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, and alienation frequently accompany disability. More often than not, disability is chronic, permanent, and insoluble. It can be mitigated, people can adapt, but full-blown cures are elusive. My disability is one such case. I may have accepted this reality, come to terms with my fate, but the journey has not been without frustration, anger, and despair — the monster’s currency.

This explains in part why monsters act as they do. Pain begets pain. Violence begets violence. Fear begets fear. As such, the monster embodies the way we perpetuate trauma, wherein the victim becomes the aggressor. This is why we sympathize with Frankenstein’s monster or the Wolfman, because we understand that they were not born to be monsters — they were made that way by forces beyond their control.

Which is precisely why I cannot totally fault my all-time favorite Lovecraftian abomination, the titular Castle Freak from Stuart Gordon’s low-budget opus, another film I chanced upon at the video rental store. The freak is imprisoned from childhood by his deranged mother, routinely tortured until his face and body are a tapestry of grotesque wounds and scars. He escapes the confines of his dungeon and spies on the American family who has moved into his home, taking a special liking to the couple’s blind daughter.

While the freak wastes no time eviscerating unlucky victims, the lecherous, alcoholic father, played by the incomparable Jeffrey Combs, is no less redeemable. The freak’s feral nature is the byproduct of a lifetime’s abuse. The father, by contrast, has no excuse. Watching this film for the first time, I empathized with the freak and thought of my innate freakishness and the times I’ve lashed out or been cruel. What was my excuse?

Even as the maimed, distorted bodies of creatures like the Castle Freak or the Brood or the Deadites or the Wicked Witch mirrored real-world disabilities and offered me an escape, a safe environment where it was appropriate to root for the villain, I realized that I didn’t want to hurt people, to injure others as I’d been, whether physically or mentally. And more than anything, I was determined not to use my disability as a scapegoat, to behave like a monster and blame it on the way I was born.

Strange as it sounds, I learned to take ownership of my mistakes and embrace my faults through horror films, to forgo hiding behind a mask like the boogeymen in slasher movies. Horror demands that we not avert our gaze from “abnormal” bodies. It challenges our prejudices, our preconceptions. These are films that celebrate disfigurement and deformity instead of shunning it. I reject the notion that horror merely co-opts disability as a cheap scare tactic. When I watch a scary movie, I do not see exploitation — I see exaltation, the disabled not as demonic but as divine.

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WHERE BLACK CULTURE, COMMUNITY AND CONSCIOUSNESS MEET

Sign up for essence newsletters the keep the black women at the forefront of conversation., here's how to become closer with your girlfriends after a breakup.

Ladies, we’ve all been there before, neglecting your girlfriends for your relationship . But what happens when your relationship ends? How do you genuinely reconnect with your girlfriends again? We’ve tapped friendship and relationship expert Danielle Bayard Jackson for some advice. “The first thing I think a person should do after a breakup is to take a moment to realize, ‘Wow, I need to lean into friendships.’ You have to address the elephant in the room. If you have friends whose experience of your friendship during your relationship was that they were put on the back burner, then it helps to start with that. Many people are suspicious of that when you reenter your friendships after a breakup, so you have to confront that,” she says to ESSENCE. 

Jackson believes that once you confront the issue, your friend will appreciate it, and now they have no reason to be suspicious because you let them know. She suggests apologizing to your friend for your absence if you need to. 

So, what are some ways you can gain your friendship with your girlfriends again? 

According to Jackson, one way to clock more hours with friends and be intentional is to let them know what you will do regarding activities. This helps friends buy in and do it with you. You can easily let a friend know you want to be more intentional about them, even when life gets in the way. Imagine being the recipient of that message. Your friend will likely lean more into the relationship because you have already removed the fear of rejection or ambiguity that people might experience in friendships. You’re making it plain and vocalizing that you’re pursuing them platonically. 

She also suggests using her trusted ADORE practice. “It’s an acronym, but each letter outlines a research-based strategy that helps to deepen relationships. So, some of it is intuitive, and it’s what we know to be actively doing in romantic relationships, but we tend not to apply them in platonic relationships,” she states.  

A: A stands for appreciation, which sounds so obvious, but research shows that we tend to say thank you to the people we are closest to the least often because we assume they should know. What are the things I could say or do that? The subtext is that I appreciate having you in my life; you need to actively look for ways to save it for your friends instead of assuming they know that that creates depth and emotional connection.

D: D stands for desire. How can I demonstrate that I desire you as my friend, meaning that I am actively seeking you? It can be as simple as initiating plans with you.

O: O stands for openness or vulnerability. There’s something known as the beautiful mess effect, which states that we tend to like people more after they’ve been vulnerable to us. So, how can you be more open in your friendship? Strive to create an environment where she feels safe to be open with you, not judgmental, critical, or determined to fix her when she makes choices that don’t necessarily mirror your own.

R: R stands for reliability. Give your friend tangible evidence that you can count on you, like not telling her business and keeping your word.

E: E stands for experiences, shared experiences. If you want more connection, you cannot get around without spending time together.

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Call for Papers - Special Issue: Disability and Disease in the Novel

Call for Papers for a Special Issue of Studies in the Novel : Disability and Disease in the Novel

Editors: Dr. Lydia R. Cooper (University of Seattle) and Dr. Matthew L. Reznicek (University of Minnesota)

In this Special Issue, we are looking for scholars engaged with the question of how the novel returns us to the human in precarious embodiment–in disease and disability. The form of the novel, with its heteroglossia, its democratizing impulses, its modes of psychological representation, has long been associated with representation of populations, in the singular and collective. Not surprisingly, historically and in the present, bodily otherness–especially when that otherness is due to disease or disability–troubles notions of belonging and community. As Judith Butler reminds us, in terms of the ethics of cohabitation, the body itself is framed as being potentially undone by alternative embodiments of disease and disability–from the hunger of Fantine in Les Miserables to the wartime injuries of Persuasion , from the embodied grief of Beloved to the body as bioweapon in American War . In contradistinction to the image of the body undone by these conditions, critical disability studies and care ethics challenge our perception of the “brokenbeautiful” by emphasizing “bodies’ wisdom, need, and desire” (Piepzna-Samarasinha 2018). The novel as a form often allows us to sit within this tension between the body’s needs and its undone-ness, providing the opportunity to uncover more complex forms of embodiment. Indeed, the phrase “temporarily able-bodied” points to the intersection of temporality, embodiment, and normativity that shapes and is disrupted by literary representations of the body when it experiences disease and disability (Puar 2017).

This special issue seeks essays that explore the way the novel as a form intertwines, disaggregates, confounds, and represents the embodied experience of disability and disease. We invite essays that employ a range of theoretical perspectives and are particularly interested in approaches from the intersection of the form of the novel with queerness, disability, and care ethics, along with studies of embodiment, care ethics, disability studies, queer and crip studies. We draw heavily from critical thinkers on disability and embodiment, such as Judith Butler, Alison Kafer, Emile Durkheim, Sami Schalk, Lennard Davis, Rosmarie Garland-Thomson, Tobin Siebers, Leah Lakshmi Piepzna-Samarasinha, and J. Logan Smilges, to situate our understanding of disability, disease, populations, and belonging.

This Special Issue on disability and disease in the novel calls us to encounter each other–and ourselves–where we least expect to, and where we most need to: at the limits of our ability to make meaning, to perform functions, even to live . It is here where we find each other; it is here where our commitment to what makes us human begins.

The aim of this Special Issue is to offer studies across temporal, geographic, and theoretical boundaries which together will produce a groundbreaking collection from new and established voices across the breadth of Literary Studies.

We particularly hope to see contributions that address

●      Disability, disease, and the body in various genres of the novel such as eco-gothic, cli-fi, and horror

●      Disease, pandemics, and ethics of care in historical, contemporary, or speculative narratives

●      The impacts of violence, conflict, and crisis on disability

●      The structural causes and consequences of notions of “disability” and/or diagnoses of “disease”

●      Indigenous and postcolonial literatures’ representations of health and/or illness

●      Diaspora, immigration/migration, and transnational narratives of dis/ability

●      Narratives of the body about and by trans, intersex, and 2S people

●      Race, ethnicity, class, gender, sexuality, and/or national identity as they intersect with the experience of disease, disability, and embodiment

The deadline for submissions is October 1, 2024 . Please submit to the Special Issue editors: Dr. Lydia Cooper at [email protected] and Dr. Matthew Reznicek at [email protected] . Please feel free to email with queries about potential ideas, as well.

Evers schedules special elections for seats vacated by Lena Taylor, Mike Gallagher

Gov. Tony Evers has called special election dates for two districts — a congressional seat in northeastern Wisconsin and a state Senate district in Milwaukee.

The special election for the 4th Senate District will be held July 30, and if a primary is needed, it will be held July 2. Voters in that district will be the only ones in Wisconsin going to the polls that day.

The special election for the 8th Congressional District will be held on the same dates as the Aug. 13 partisan primary and the Nov. 5 general election. That means voters in the district will vote on the same dates as everyone else, not a different day.

But the timing of the congressional special election also means candidates for the House seat will appear on the ballot twice — something that hasn't happened since 1965.

More: What are Wisconsin's 2024 elections, and when are they? Four dates to put on your calendar.

Milwaukee Senate seat opened when Lena Taylor became a judge

The Milwaukee Senate seat was vacated when former state Sen. Lena Taylor resigned to become a Milwaukee County Circuit Court judge.

Two Democrats have so far announced campaigns for her seat — state Reps. LaKeshia Myers and Dora Drake — so a primary election is likely.

Candidates must file nomination papers by June 4.

Here is a map of the 4th Senate District to figure out if the special election applies to you. The district did not change boundaries under the new maps.

More: Which Milwaukee-area voting districts are changing, and which are staying the same?

Congressional seat vacant after Gallagher's resignation

For congressional offices, state law requires a special election to be held to fill a vacancy if the seat is left empty before the second Tuesday in April in the year of a general election, which fell on April 9 this year.

Since U.S. Rep. Mike Gallagher officially left Congress on April 20 — after that second Tuesday — his vacancy may be filled in the August and November primary and general elections.

That timing, however, means candidates for the 8th Congressional District will appear on the ballot for both the special and regularly scheduled elections. The Republicans in the primary race, for example, will have their names on both the special election primary ballot and "the regularly scheduled primary election ballot," according to the governor's office.

The winner of the special election race on Nov. 5 will serve until the official end of Gallagher's term on Jan. 3, 2025, the governor's office said, after which the winner of the regularly scheduled general election will serve a complete two-year term.

Under this format, it is technically possible for one candidate to win the special election and another to win the regularly scheduled general election.

On Tuesday, members of the bipartisan Wisconsin Elections Commission voted to rescind ballot designs they had approved earlier that morning for voters living in the 8th District, and they planned to vote soon to approve a new ballot with both the special election race and the general race listed.

Democratic commissioner Mark Thomsen pointed out the candidates running to replace Gallagher will need to submit two sets of nomination papers, one for the special election and one for the general election. Commissioners will schedule a meeting in the coming weeks to finalize the ballot in the 8th District, chairman Don Millis said. 

A special election to fill a congressional vacancy held on the same day as the general election for the same seat has not happened since at least 1965, according to the Legislative Reference Bureau.

There are currently three Republicans running to replace Gallagher: Former state Sen.  Roger Roth , an Appleton Republican who ran for lieutenant governor in 2022; state Sen.  Andre Jacque , a Republican from De Pere; and former gas station chain owner Tony Wied , who entered the race with the backing of former President Donald Trump. OB-GYN Kristin Lyerly is the only Democrat in the race.

Candidates must submit nomination papers by June 1.

Molly Beck of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel contributed.

Here is a map of the congressional districts to figure out which district you're in. The 8th Congressional District includes areas like Green Bay, Appleton and Marinette.

More: After leaving Congress early, Mike Gallagher joins Packers-Microsoft venture capital firm

School director accused of having sexual relationship with teacher in his office

HUMPHREYS COUNTY, Tenn. ( WSMV /Gray News) - A debate continues in Humphreys County, Tennessee, regarding a relationship between the director of schools and a junior high school teacher.

WSMV reports that an investigation found that Humphrey’s County Schools Director Richard Rye had a romantic relationship with Mollye Guarr, a seventh-grade math teacher at Waverly Junior High School.

Investigators said Guarr originally accused Rye of sexual harassment and stalking, but through an independent investigation, those claims were unfounded.

The district hired Attorney Robert Wheeler Jr. to conduct the independent investigation.

“The director of Humphreys County schools did not stalk or sexually harass a teacher but did “consummate” their relationship in his office,” investigators shared.

According to Wheeler, the investigation found no evidence of stalking or sexual harassment, as multiple emails, texts, and other communication indicated, but the two did have a consensual relationship.

“The Hearing Officer (investigator) found and concluded that Mrs. Guarr failed to prove her complaint of sexual harassment and stalking by clear and convincing evidence and that the relationship between her, and the Director of Schools was a romantic relationship of mutual consent,” John Williams, an attorney for the Board of Education, wrote.

According to the investigation, on Oct. 7, 2023, “their romantic relationship was consummated in Mr. Rye’s office at the Board of Education offices.”

The investigation also found that the relationship ended when Guarr’s husband discovered communication between the two.

According to Wheeler, Rye and Guarr met at the unisex bathroom at an area Lowe’s store, and Guarr’s husband photographed Rye leaving the store.

An attorney for the board of education told WSMV that the findings from the investigation will be discussed at the board’s meeting scheduled on May 28.

Copyright 2024 WSMV via Gray Media Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

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