essay for youth violence

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Youth Violence

The term "youth violence" covers a broad spectrum of behaviors that can include fighting, bullying, and gang-related violence. Exposure to violence as a child can cause emotional and physical harm, including negative impacts on health and well-being that can follow a child into adulthood.

Youth violence and its diverse ramifications have long been a major challenge for American police officers, school staff, and municipal leaders. Preventing youth violence is a critical issue for many communities across the country.

Youth Violence Statistics

The number of youth arrests for violent crimes declined 67% since 2006

The estimated number of youth arrests for violent crimes, including murder, robbery, and aggravated assault, has declined since the mid-2000s, according to a fact sheet from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) and the National Institute of Justice (NIJ).

According to the report, the number of violent crime arrests involving youth reached a new low in 2020 -- 78% below the 1994 peak, and half the number of arrests in 2010 (pictured).

Causes of Youth Violence

Adolescence is a common period for becoming involved in violence and gangs. In schools, gangs often engage in threats and intimidation , physical and cyberbullying, fighting, and other criminal activities that may involve drugs and weapons.

Another type of youth violence, teen dating violence , is an issue that can lead to serious short- and long-term effects. Examples of teen dating violence include physical and emotional harm and stalking. Once a teen experiences violence in one relationship, research has shown that they are at significant risk of experiencing violence in another.

Learn more about teen dating violence

Effects of Youth Violence

Spotlight on Indicator 2: Incidents of Victimization at School and Away From School

The impact of violence in schools extends beyond the individuals directly involved. It can also disrupt the education process and negatively affect youth and adults in the school and the surrounding community.

Research has shown that youth who experience or perpetrate violence at school are more likely to bully others -- both in school or in other situations outside of the classroom.

Youth who witness or experience violence in their community are also more likely to use drugs and alcohol and become involved in violence themselves.

Young victims of crime are generally underserved , and the systems responsible for caring for them can be fragmented and ineffective. The Office for Victims of Crime is committed to improving services for all victims of crime, including those exposed to different forms of violence.

How To Prevent Youth Violence

Research supported by OJJDP analyzed interventions to reduce youth gun and group violence . The study found that the most effective programs used case management and services, enhanced surveillance, outreach workers, and public perception campaigns.

Mentoring programs are another potentially beneficial component of youth gang violence intervention. For youth impacted by or involved with gangs, mentors can help them navigate challenges in life and achieve positive life outcomes.

In fiscal year 2021, OJJDP awarded nearly $23 million under the Youth Violence Intervention Initiative to address youth violence and provide services for children exposed to violence.

Since 2022, OJJDP has awarded nearly $47 million through the Enhancing School Safety To Address Youth Violence initiative to support schools and community-based organizations to address violence by youth.

Through the CrimeSolutions website, NIJ reviews programs and practices designed to prevent violence and provide services to those impacted by crime. The CrimeSolutions site includes information about a variety of topics , including crime in schools , youth gangs , and youth violence victimization .

April 24-28, 2023, is recognized as National Youth Violence Prevention Week . Founded in 2001, National Youth Violence Prevention Week allows communities to raise awareness and learn how to prevent youth violence to make schools and neighborhoods safer.

Engaging Communities in Youth Violence Prevention: Introduction and Contents

Youth violence (YV) is a major public health problem in the United States that has substantial short- and long-term negative impacts on youths, their families, and communities. Homicide was the third leading cause of death among youths aged 10 to 24 years in 2019, with 90.3% of these homicides being firearm related. 1 Each day, approximately 1163 youths are treated in emergency departments for nonfatal assault-related injuries, totaling 424 374 youths in 2019. 1 Data from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey show that, in the 12 months before the survey, 7.4% of high-school students reported being threatened or injured with a weapon at school and 4.4% reported carrying a gun for nonrecreational purposes. 2 Approximately 9% of students reported not going to school at least once in the past 30 days because they felt unsafe, either at school or on their way to or from school. 2 In addition, in 2019, about one in five students reported being bullied at school and being in a physical fight at least once in the past year. 2

Exposure to violence during childhood is an adverse experience that can have lasting negative impacts on health and development as a victim, perpetrator, or witness and can increase the likelihood of future violence perpetration and victimization, physical and mental health problems, chronic diseases, substance abuse, academic challenges, and suicide ( http://bit.ly/38bbydS ). YV is connected to other forms of violence and shares several risk and protective factors with child abuse and neglect, adolescent dating violence, sexual violence, suicide, and adult intimate partner violence ( http://bit.ly/38gAYH0 ).

Violence was recognized in 1985 by US Surgeon General C. Everett Koop as a public health problem ( http://bit.ly/3sS9WgL ), and, in 2001, US Surgeon General David Satcher released the first Surgeon General’s report on YV in the United States. This report described the public health approach to YV prevention and called for rigorous research on prevention strategies. 3

Since then, our understanding of the nature and causes of YV has grown, and effective violence prevention strategies have been developed at multiple levels of the social‒ecological model (SEM; http://bit.ly/3c3VmfA ; https://bit.ly/31MRFqq ). The SEM considers the interconnected relationships between risk and protective factors at four levels: individual, relationship, community, and societal. Individual factors comprise the first level and include attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and personal history that can influence one’s risk for violence perpetration or victimization. Relationship factors, or the close relationships an individual has, are the focus of the second level. The third level of the SEM explores the settings in which social relationships occur (i.e., communities). Finally, we live in a broad society with norms, policies, and laws that can influence rates and patterns of YV. 4 Factors at each level influence factors at other levels; thus, a comprehensive approach to violence prevention that targets multiple levels of the SEM is more likely to effectively prevent and reduce violence over time in communities and society ( https://bit.ly/31MRFqq ).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published a YV prevention technical package to help communities sharpen their focus on prevention activities that have the greatest potential for preventing YV and its consequences ( https://bit.ly/31MRFqq ). The strategies and approaches included in this technical package are applicable to different levels of the social ecology and are intended to have an impact on risk and protective factors related to individual behaviors and the relationships, families, schools, and communities of our youths. Each strategy includes multiple approaches to advance the strategy through programs, policies, and practices.

Recent trends in YV are encouraging. Over approximately the past two decades (2001–2019) homicide rates among youths aged 10 to 24 years in the United States have decreased 12.8% (crude rates [CRs] = 8.97–7.82 per 100 000 population), 1 and rates of youths treated in emergency departments for nonfatal assault-related injuries declined 46% (CRs = 1231.2–668.5 per 100 000) during this same time period. However, significant challenges remain. Communities of color, who disproportionately live in conditions of concentrated disadvantage, 5 continue to disproportionately experience violence-related morbidity and mortality. For example, from 2001 to 2019, homicide was the leading cause of death among non-Hispanic Black youths (aged 10–24 years; cumulative CR = 31.0 per 100 000), the second leading cause among Hispanic youths (CR = 8.9 per 100 000), the third among American Indian youths (CR = 9.3), and the fourth among non-Hispanic White youths (CR = 2.3 per 100 000) and Asian/Pacific Islander youths (CR = 2.5 per 100 000). Over this time period, non-Hispanic Black youths were 13.5 times, Hispanic youths 3.7 times, and American Indian youths 4 times more likely than non-Hispanic White youths to die of homicide. 1 These disparities have been recognized for decades 3,6 and still persist today.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted the importance of addressing the social determinants of health to improve health equity and well-being. 7 Strategies that improve economic and racial equity may be key to eliminating the disproportionate burden of violence long experienced by vulnerable communities. 8 The YV prevention evidence base reflects the developmental progression of the field, with the evidence base focusing more on the inner layers rather than the outer layers of the social ecology ( https://bit.ly/31MRFqq ). YV prevention strategies at the outer layers of the social ecology include those that seek to create protective environments by improving community conditions, such as the physical and social aspects of settings, and implementing policies to diminish community-level risks, such as concentrated poverty, housing instability, and food insecurity. Other outer layer strategies include efforts to increase community protective factors, including connectedness and supports, prosocial norms, and economic opportunities ( https://bit.ly/31MRFqq ). These approaches may be ideally suited for changing community- and societal-level risk and protective factors related to YV; however, fewer of these outer-layer strategies have been developed and rigorously evaluated to determine their effectiveness for preventing YV.

To this end, CDC’s Division of Violence Prevention funded five Youth Violence Prevention Centers (YVPCs) in 2015‒2016. The five currently funded YVPCs work with their communities to develop, implement, and evaluate YV prevention strategies intended to target prevention at the outer layers of the SEM (i.e., community and society; https://bit.ly/3gKwMk7 ). The Centers are working with multiple community stakeholders and partners to substantively engage youths in their selected communities and achieve sustainable community-level reductions in YV. The work of these YVPCs builds upon the work of those that came before them and continues to expand understanding of YV and the availability of evidence-based prevention tools to reduce violence and enhance safe and healthy communities.

HISTORY OF THE YOUTH VIOLENCE PREVENTION CENTERS

After the Columbine High School shooting in 1999, Congress appropriated YV prevention funding to CDC that supported collaborations among federal agencies, academic institutions, and communities. As a result, CDC established the National Centers of Excellence in Youth Violence Prevention (now called Youth Violence Prevention Centers, or YVPCs; https://bit.ly/3gKwMk7 ) to partner with communities across the nation experiencing high rates of violence. The YVPCs work with community stakeholders and organizations to build community violence prevention capacity, including identifying prevention needs, monitoring violence trends, and developing, implementing, and evaluating prevention strategies and approaches.

Since 2000, CDC has supported four rounds of YVPC funding, with each round focusing on different aspects of YV prevention. The YVPCs were initially established (2000–2005) to build the scientific infrastructure to develop, evaluate, and implement effective interventions, promote interdisciplinary research, foster collaborations between academic researchers and communities, and empower communities to address YV. In addition to the goals supported during the first round of funding, the second round of funding (2005‒2006 to 2010‒2011) also supported monitoring the magnitude and distribution of YV outcomes and mobilizing communities to prevent YV. The third round (2010‒2011 to 2015‒2016) supported evaluations to determine if implementing evidence-based approaches at multiple levels of the social ecology could achieve significant reductions in community rates of YV. A comprehensive list and description of the YVPCs from 2000 to 2016 can be found in a previous special issue ( https://bit.ly/34QB2vV ).

The fourth and current round of funding (2015‒2016 to 2021) supports the University of Chicago, the University of Michigan, the University of Louisville, the University of Colorado, and Virginia Commonwealth University. Together, their objective is to advance the science and practice of YV prevention, and, as Centers, to reduce community rates of YV in one or more high-burden communities by implementing and evaluating the effectiveness of a community- or policy-level prevention strategy, or combination of such strategies ( Table 1 ). Each YVPC is documenting strategy implementation to inform future replication, scalability, and cost analyses.

TABLE 1—

National Centers of Excellence in Youth Violence Prevention—Prevention Strategies and Approaches: United States, 2015‒2016 to 2021

Note. More detailed site descriptions of the National Centers of Excellence in Youth Violence Prevention in the 2015‒2016 cycle of funding can be found here: https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/youthviolence/yvpc/descriptions.html .

CONTEXT FOR THIS SUPPLEMENT

The current YVPCs principally focus on building the YV prevention evidence base at the outer layers (i.e., community and societal) of the social ecology and reducing YV-related morbidity and mortality in high-violence-burden communities. At the onset, and over the course of this collaboration, the YVPC investigators, community partners, and engaged youths had difficult and thought-provoking discussions about structural violence and racism, power and speaking truth to power, social determinants of health, and how dominant narratives about YV can undermine communities and perpetuate violence across time and geography. The YVPCs and their community partners carefully considered these factors as they developed prevention strategies that were responsive to community needs.

As the YVPCs worked with these communities experiencing high burden from violence, salient events converged in 2020, underscoring how structural factors and social determinants of health are relevant not only for understanding violence but also for understanding the emerging COVID-19 disparities among vulnerable communities. In February 2020, the first case of community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the United States was identified ( http://bit.ly/3qotish ); a rapid increase in cases across the country followed, and the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on communities of color became widely apparent. Not only were Black, Hispanic, and Native American communities experiencing disproportionately high rates of infection relative to White communities, but they were also more likely to be hospitalized and to die of COVID-19 ( http://bit.ly/2O3FWA5 ). As the social and economic sequelae of COVID-19 escalated in 2020, preexisting health inequities compounded ( https://bit.ly/3sWnuIE ), especially in disenfranchised communities served by the YVPCs. While property crimes decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, 9,10 there are early data suggesting that some urban environments have seen periods of increasing gun violence, 11 especially among young Black males, who for decades have endured disproportionately high rates of firearm-related homicide. 12

Further exacerbating these tensions, in the summer of 2020, concerns about structural racism and its roots in laws, policies, and practices that disadvantage some groups while advantaging other groups were brought to the forefront by many citizens and public figures when a series of deaths of Black men and women were captured on video. 13,14 These videos virally spread, sparking conversations about racial injustice and police brutality, and protests occurred throughout the country. 13 The communities the YVPCs partnered with have shared that this period intensely affected them. The convergence of YV, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the increasing tensions over racial injustice, structural racism, and multiple health inequities, strengthened the resolve of the YVPCs and their community partners to address community- and societal-level factors that perpetuate violence and other health disparities experienced by marginalized communities. As our YVPC investigators reflected on the myriad racial and ethnic inequities that have persisted for generations, we recognized the importance of addressing these issues if we want our communities to be safer, not just for youths, but for all community members.

It is worth noting how prepared the YVPCs are for this time in history. They have long recognized the root causes of violence and have been working since 2000 to build the evidence base from the inner to the outer layers of the social ecology. Several of the YVPC investigators, including authors of this supplement, have experienced a paradigm shift in YV prevention. As they attest in this issue, their own work in violence prevention has shifted over time to increase community engagement and voice and to incorporate issues of social justice in their prevention approaches.

With this supplement, the YVPCs collectively share lessons learned during this round of funding as they have worked to develop, implement, and evaluate YV prevention strategies at the outer layers of the social ecology. This supplement describes the experiences and perspectives of these leaders in the field regarding the direction of YV prevention. Outer layer strategies pose unique challenges but offer potential advantages relative to those implemented at the inner layers of the social ecology, such as achieving broader reach, higher impact, prolonged sustainability, and greater cost-effectiveness ( https://bit.ly/31MRFqq ). Comprehensive initiatives that implement violence prevention strategies across multiple levels of the social ecology may be more effective than those implemented using less comprehensive, fragmented, or stand-alone approaches.

SUMMARY OF CONTENTS

Six editorials comprise this supplement. In the first editorial, Jones Jr et al. (p. S17) describe the value and benefit of engaging youths as equitable partners to adults in violence prevention efforts. Youths engaged in violence prevention work with the YVPCs led and coauthored this editorial to share their experiences as they worked to uncover and understand the root causes of violence in their communities. They actively worked to shift dominant narratives about violence to help prevent violence exposure among youths. It is through their lived experiences that they have been able to co-lead community-level change efforts.

In the second editorial, Kingston et al. (p. S20) discuss how the YVPCs have developed and implemented community-level strategies by addressing the systems and structures that have a disproportionate impact on high-burden, urban communities. By combining local expertise and scientific rigor, the YVPCs have built the capacity of communities to identify and address specific community needs and priorities. Case studies have provided the opportunity to understand unique contextual factors related to violence in communities, allowing the YVPCs to continue developing, implementing, and evaluating innovative prevention approaches over time.

In the next editorial by Gorman-Smith et al. (p. S25), the authors argue that community‒academic partnerships are crucial to YV prevention research. The editorial describes how current YVPCs have built and strengthened community‒academic partnerships by expanding existing collaborations, developing trust among partners, and building meaningful and sustained participation from community partners. Community organizing, multisectoral collaborations, and collective impact models are community-engaged approaches that have allowed the YVPCs to successfully implement culturally and contextually appropriate violence prevention strategies, sustain partnerships, and improve communities.

The editorial by Nation et al. (p. S28) describes the paradigm shift occurring whereby research and prevention is moving from individual and relationship factors to the social and structural root causes of violence. Using the WHO social determinants of health framework, social and structural factors such as poverty, racism, policing practices, the prison industrial complex, housing and economic policies, racial discrimination, and educational and health care inequities are being examined as root causes of violence and poor outcomes. The editorial describes strategies the YVPCs are implementing to address the community structure and offers ideas for future structure-focused violence prevention research.

With more than 90% of youth homicides being firearm-related, 1 preventing firearm injuries and deaths is relevant to reducing YV. Youth firearm injury prevention is the topic of the Zimmerman et al. (p. S32) editorial. As the authors discuss, the YVPCs have developed YV prevention strategies that can inform the development of prevention strategies specific to youth firearm morbidity and mortality by addressing common modifiable risk and protective factors. The YV prevention strategies selected by the five YVPCs have the potential to prevent firearm violence because they are multifaceted, cut across the social‒ecological levels, and involve multisector community partners.

The supplement ends with an editorial about changing the narrative of YV. Metzler et al. (p. S35) write about the dominant public narrative of violence as a problem of personal responsibility. As a result, youths are depicted as aggressive troublemakers or dangerous gang members. This harmful narrative can obscure the fact that youths are still developing and learning, and, particularly for youths of color, it fails to acknowledge the impact of structural racism. Metzler et al. assert that narrative work is a valuable public health strategy that can be used to prevent violence by developing new, transformational narratives that value all youths.

In summary, this supplement highlights the work of the YVPCs during the 2015‒2016 to 2021 funding round, in collaboration with their respective communities, to develop, implement, and evaluate YV prevention strategies. Additional research and prevention strategy implementation could help address the persistent disproportionate rates of violence-related injury and mortality experienced by communities of color, as well as the observed increases in violence across the country that have occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. 9–12 Aside from their funded violence prevention work, the YVPCs have stepped up to support their communities through this troubled time. When families in the respective communities struggled to pay rent and purchase food and other essentials, members of the YVPCs helped community members meet critical needs. These activities have further strengthened collaborations and connections among community members, allowing for stronger violence prevention partnerships.

During this final year of funding, the YVPCs are analyzing their evaluation data and developing and implementing plans to sustain their violence prevention efforts and impact in their communities. The editorials presented in this supplement offer a glimpse into the evolution of YV prevention to the outer layers of the social ecology and views of the YVPC investigators, community partners, and engaged youths as to the lessons learned and future directions for the field. It is our intent that this supplement will help move the field forward in thinking about community-level violence prevention, generating innovative research ideas, stimulating novel partnerships, identifying research gaps, and building the evidence base of effective YV prevention strategies that reduce inequities and make communities safer for all.

CONTRIBUTORS

A. S. D’Inverno wrote the initial draft of the article and made edits based on feedback. B. N. Bartholow edited the initial draft, wrote additional sections, and further provided feedback on edits to the article.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This supplement was funded by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (contract 75D30118P03115). The National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC, funded the work of the Youth Violence Prevention Centers (YVPCs). The focus of the supplement is the work of the YVPCs during their current funding cycle. Members of the five YVPCs contributed to the contents of the supplement including U01-CE-002711 to University of Louisville, U01-CE-002712 to University of Chicago, U01-CE-002757 to University of Colorado Boulder, U01-CE-002766 to Virginia Commonwealth University, and U01-CE-002698 to University of Michigan.

Several of the editorials included in this supplement were presented at a symposium during the Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association on October 27, 2020.

Note. The findings and conclusions in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

80 Youth Violence Essay Topics & Examples

Looking for youth violence essay topics? This issue is hot, controversial, and definitely worth exploring.

🏆 Youth Violence Essay Examples

📌 youth violence essay topics, 👍 youth aggression essay title ideas, ❓ questions about youth violence.

What are the causes of aggressive behavior and how to stop it? How to prevent violence among students? Are there any family and gender roots of youth aggression? Find the answers below. This article contains top titles and examples of youth aggression essays.

The Main Causes of Youth Violence Access to Guns and the Influence of the Media Shooting is one of the most common forms of youth violence, and guns are the primary weapons of perpetrators.
Do Violent Video Games Contribute to Youth Violence? The violence and aggression that stains the youth of today, as a result of these video games, is unquestionably a cancer that ought to be uprooted or at least contained by parents, school leaders, governments […]
Juvenile Justice and status offence: enforcement, sentencing and prosecution The role of the intake worker is to find the reason for the minor behavior and to determine whether the case should be dismissed, go for full trial or handle by the social worker and […]
Violent Video Games and How They Affect Youth Violence However, despite the overwhelming outcry against the youth playing violent video games, there are a number of researchers and advocates who oppose the idea of directly linking the exposure of young adults to violent scenes […]
Juvenile Justice System Challenges Ignoring the facts does not change them, and whether the juvenile justice system acknowledges it or not; there are numerous challenges and unique issues facing the juvenile justice system, in the 21st century regarding the […]
Youth Violence in Schools Paraphrase of the above quotation: The media desensitizes violence and increases aggressive and antisocial behavior, despite this, most youths are constantly exposed to violence and gore in the virtual world which is where they spend […]
Implications of Youth Violence According to the fact sheet prepared by World Health Organization, youth violence presents a challenge to the global health and legal organizations because it encompasses a variety of acts that range from verbal abuse to […]
Media and Youth Violence First of all, it should be said that such a spread of the influence of media became possible due to the development of digital technologies. With this in mind, it is possible to state the […]
Youth Violence: Prevalence and Trends Failure to live up to the expectations of the society, parents, teachers, and even peers may lead to feelings of inadequacy. In order to regain this respect and get attention, the adolescents engage in violence.
Youth, Crime, and Violence The book has been written in defence of the hip-hop culture due to the accusations pointed at it as being the cause of gun violence in society.
Connection Between Child Maltreatment and Youth Violence Results: Relative to non-victims, the results of the present study are expected to show a direct link between child maltreatment and youth violence in the presence of other modifying socio-economic factors.
Juvenile Justice Case Management Under this model the manager in charge of implementing the treatment plan on the client is expected to have great regard for the juvenile and that such a person has an inward ability to discover […]
The Main Cause of Increasing Violent Behavior Among Youths Is Violence in the Media Although the question is controversial, it is possible to state that the media promoting violent films, video games, and music is the cause for increasing violent behaviours because the media provokes the young people’s reflection […]
Running Head: Juvenile Justice System and Rehabilitation The children/teenagers who are sentenced by the juvenile court are not termed as guilty but as delinquent children However, the juvenile courts have the responsibility of handing over the children/teenagers to the adult court whenever […]
Juvenile Justice System in “Sleepers” Film by Barry Levinson This gang was at the disposal of these boys and they would join anytime they wanted hence the community pushed these juveniles to join the gang.
An Analysis of the Causes of Youth Violence in the United States of America
Youth Violence: The Problem is Not As Big As It Seems
The Three Main Causes Of Youth Violence
An Analysis of Drugs That Cause Youth Violence in America
Social Disorganization Theory Of Rural Youth Violence
Youth Violence Is Becoming An Increasingly Prominent Issue
The Rise of Youth Violence and Factors Contributing to the Problem
The Consequences Of Youth Violence In High School
Video Games and Youth Violence: Is There a Connection
Adolescent Violence And Youth Violence
The Importance of the Issue of Youth Violence
Do Violent Video Games Contribute to Youth Violence
Causes of Youth Violence in the Bahamas
The Fear of Youth Violence and the Reasons Why Many Kids Resort to Violence
The Effects Of Violence On Youth Violence
The Contributions of Media Entertainment to Youth Violence in America
An Analysis of the Outbreak of Youth Violence in the United States
Youth Violence and Age-Appropriate Interventions in the Adult Correctional System
Possible Solutions To The Youth Violence Problem
The Effects of Youth Violence in People’s Lives
Youth Violence: Identify The Cause And Work Towards Prevention
Youth Violence: Is the Media to Blame
Violent Video Games Do Not Contribute To Youth Violence
The Relationship between Video Games and Youth Violence
Animal Cruelty And Youth Violence
The Depiction of Youth Violence in Boyle’s Greasy Lake
The Complex Issue of Youth Violence in America
Youth Violence and Gang Membership in America
Youth Violence and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Asian/Pacific Islander Youth Violence Prevention Center
Sociology: Columbine High School Massacre and Youth Violence
Youth Violence and Its Relation to Communication Theories
American History X And The Epidemic Of Youth Violence
An Argument in Favor of the Notion That Violence in Media Causes Youth Violence
The Problem of Youth Violence in Today’s Society
Preventing Youth Violence with a Strength-Based Approach
Impact of Youth Violence on Communities and Social Work Prevention
The Effect of Family Violence on Youth Violence
The Ending Gang And Youth Violence Policy Initiative
Divorce In Relation To Youth Violence
Do Violent Video Games and Violent Movies Contribute to Youth Violence?
What Is the Most Common Type of Youth Violence?
How Is the UK Tackling Youth Violence?
Has Youth Violence in the US Increased Since the 1950s?
What Are the Effects of Gang and Youth Violence?
What Are the Main Causes of Youth Violence?
Why Is Youth Violence a Problem?
How Does Youth Violence Affect Society?
Does Social Media Propagate Youth Violence?
What Has Caused Increase of Youth Violence in Our Society?
Can Youth Violence Be Stopped in U.S. Cities?
What Can We Do to Decrease Youth Violence or Mass Shootings?
What Are the Major Causes of Youth Violence in India?
How Does Youth Violence Affect Education?
How Does Social Media Affect Youth Violence?
How Is Youth Violence Experienced in China?
What Are Three Negative Effects of Youth Violence?
How Does Social Media Contribute to Youth Violence in Schools?
Does Canada Have the Same Level of Black Youth Violence Like in America?
What Are the Protective Factors of Youth Violence?
What Are the Mental Effects of Youth Violence?
What Are the Effects of Youth Violence on Individuals?
How Children Are Affected by Youth Violence?
What Are Some Major Factors That Contribute to Youth Violence in Schools?
What Are the Three Most Significant Risk Factors for Youth Violence?
Emotional Development Questions
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Social media’s role in the rise of youth violence

Stephanie Sy Stephanie Sy

Madison Staten Madison Staten

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Copy URL https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/social-medias-role-in-the-rise-of-youth-violence

Violent crime has been on a downward trend across the country since the pandemic-era spike. But today, several cities are reporting a new rise in violent crimes involving youth. In many of these cases, police say social media played a central role. Stephanie Sy reports on the challenges of addressing teen violence.

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Notice: Transcripts are machine and human generated and lightly edited for accuracy. They may contain errors.

Geoff Bennett:

Violent crime is on a downward trend across the country since a pandemic era spike.

But, today, a number of cities are reporting a new rise in violent crime among youth. In many cases, law enforcement says social media played a central role.

Stephanie Sy reports from Maricopa County, Arizona, about the challenges of addressing teen violence.

Stephanie Sy:

A little over a year ago, Connor Jarnagan's typical suburban teen life took a dark turn.

Connor Jarnagan, Teenager:

Until that moment, I did not think people had such an evil in their heart to do something like that to somebody.

While waiting in the parking lot of an In-N-Out, Connor said he was confronted by about a dozen teen boys. The leader demanded $20 and Connor resisted.

Connor Jarnagan:

I worked for this money. You are not going to just take it from me. So, I said no until he punched me with brass knuckles.

The whole time, there was blood just gushing down my head. I was shaking and crying, because I did not know what was going to happen to me. I did not know if I was going to live. It was really scary for me.

The suburb where it happened, outside Phoenix, is what his mom, Stephanie, described as a bubble, billing itself in recent years as one of the safest cities in America.

Stephanie Jarnagan, Mother or Connor Jarnagan: We live in Gilbert, Arizona. It is a bedroom community. I never thought that that would happen to my son. Letting him go have a burger with friends at dinnertime, like, I did not think that that would be unsafe.

It turns out the teen who assaulted Connor was part of a group who called itself The Gilbert Goons.

There's videos of him fighting people all over the Internet.

The group members were known for posting videos of each other flashing guns, ganging up on teens, and street racing.

Examples of teen violence span social media and the country, from Missouri where a 15-year-old girl attacked another teen, landing her in the ICU, to Stockton, California, where a group of teens filmed the beating and robbing of an 8-year-old.

The violence by The Gilbert Goons, which, although recorded, went unchecked by law enforcement for the better part of a year, culminated in the death of 16-year-old Preston Lord last October. While a group of attackers pummeled him, some teens called 911, while others stood by, recording on their phones.

Chuck Bongiovanni, Gilbert, Arizona, Councilman:

Why do you have 40 kids with a camera recording violence? I saw a five-second video of Preston before they did CPR. And I don't ever want to see a video like that again in Gilbert.

As community grief turned to outrage over the death of Lord, Gilbert town Councilmember Chuck Bongiovanni helped set up a subcommittee to address teen violence. At a recent meeting, half the attendants were area high school students.

Christine Njuguna, Gilbert Mayor’s Youth Advisory Committee:

Just one thing I would say would be a big deal while going to these schools is just also teaching children accountability. You will be accountable, not only with police and everything, but just like general morals.

While moral accountability is called for by some, many others are calling for stronger law enforcement and curfews.

Chuck Bongiovanni:

Now, with social media, it is creating personas these kids usually really wouldn't be if they did not have social media.

A 30-minute drive from Gilbert, Commander Gabe Lopez says the number of teens murdered in his city last year rose significantly from the year before, as did the number of teens charged with homicides.

Lopez is head of the Phoenix Police Department's Violent Crimes Bureau. He points out the scene of a shooting late last year during a particularly violent stretch.

Cmdr. Gabe Lopez, Phoenix Police Department:

I think a total of nine victims are what these two individuals were charged with. So, of the four people in the car, two were charged with the homicide.

And they were juveniles?

Cmdr. Gabe Lopez:

They were juveniles. And, again, the victim was 15, the suspects were 17, and then you had a 10-year-old shot.

Federal statistics show, in 2020, homicides committed by juveniles were the highest they'd been in two decades.

The fear that I have, and I think it's shared by others in law enforcement, is people are doing or committing crimes so that they can capture it, so they can post it on their social media feed, so they can get street cred, or so that they can get likes.

James Garbarino, Psychologist:

Youth culture has moved in the direction of celebrity is the number one value.

Psychologist James Garbarino has spent decades researching adolescent violent behavior.

James Garbarino:

The cultural immersion in violent imagery is so powerful in the United States and, of course, social media, the rise of social media as a context in which those expressions can be offered, it's certainly it's not just limited to 2020 and onward, but it has escalated as well.

Commander Lopez says social media has also changed the landscape of gang violence.

Traditionally, it had always been really focused on the neighborhood that you were from, a group of friends that you typically grew up with. Nowadays, they meet online, they communicate via social media. It's a hybrid mix of different races, different areas of the city. It's complicated as far as trying to police that.

Before Olga Lopez moved to the Phoenix suburbs from California two years ago, she made sure it was a safe town where her son Jeremiah could play on a competitive high school football team.

But, last may, Jeremiah was shot and killed at a fellow student's home in Mesa. He was 18, weeks away from graduating high school.

Olga Lopez, Mother of Shooting Victim: The teammate who lives in the house along with the young man that lives across the street, were pointing guns at Jeremiah multiple times and recording it and posting it to Snapchat.

In the video described to her, Lopez says the laser from the guns pointed at Jeremiah shone red dots on his face.

Olga Lopez:

One time, Jeremiah says: "Hey, chill." Another time, Jeremiah is trying to make light of the situation. A little under 30 minutes later, my son is fatally shot in the back of the head.

I vowed that I would show up with the same grit and determination that he did.

Olga got the devastating news on May 7.

It isn't something that you get over. It definitely isn't something that time heals. And every day is like the first week.

She pours herself into running a nonprofit foundation she set up with her oldest son in Jeremiah's name.

While social media may have played a role in both Jeremiah's death and the attack on Connor Jarnagan in Gilbert, it was also what helped pin down the suspects in their cases. Jarnagan helped lead police to his attacker.

They got into his phone, and they looked at his chats and there it was: "I hit this guy and he gave me $20."

Connor says a lot of teens have been afraid to report on their peers, for fear of retaliation.

Teens need to come forward and stop being in the shadows, stop recording these fights. Instead, do something about it and make our communities a safer place.

He's doing his part by calling for Arizona state lawmakers to ban brass knuckles for minors. That action is tabled for now.

I'm hoping both sides of the aisle, Republicans and Democrats alike, can come together on this issue.

Connor continues to heal. And part of that, he says, has meant forgiving the teen who attacked him.

For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Stephanie Sy in Maricopa County, Arizona.

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Stephanie Sy is a PBS NewsHour correspondent and serves as anchor of PBS NewsHour West. Throughout her career, she served in anchor and correspondent capacities for ABC News, Al Jazeera America, CBSN, CNN International, and PBS NewsHour Weekend. Prior to joining NewsHour, she was with Yahoo News where she anchored coverage of the 2018 Midterm Elections and reported from Donald Trump’s victory party on Election Day 2016.

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Essay on Youth Violence

Students are often asked to write an essay on Youth Violence in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Youth Violence

Understanding youth violence.

Youth violence is a serious issue affecting many societies. It involves young people hurting peers who are unrelated and who they may or may not know well.

Causes of Youth Violence

Violence can stem from various factors like family problems, substance abuse, or exposure to violent media. It is important to understand these causes to prevent such incidents.

Effects of Youth Violence

Youth violence can lead to physical injury, mental health issues, and even death. It also impacts communities, increasing fear and reducing the quality of life.

Preventing Youth Violence

Prevention involves education, building safe environments, and providing youth with the tools they need to resolve conflicts peacefully.

Also check:

10 Lines on Youth Violence

250 Words Essay on Youth Violence

Introduction.

Youth violence is a pressing social issue that has profound implications for public health and social stability. It is characterized by various harmful behaviors among young people, typically involving physical harm, threats, or intimidation.

Root Causes

The roots of youth violence are complex and multifaceted, often rooted in socio-economic disparities, family dysfunction, and exposure to violence. In many instances, youth violence is a manifestation of the social, economic, and psychological stresses that young people face.

Implications

The implications of youth violence are far-reaching. It not only affects the physical and mental health of the victims but also impacts their educational attainment and future prospects. Moreover, it contributes to a cycle of violence, perpetuating a culture of aggression and fear.

Prevention Strategies

Preventing youth violence requires a comprehensive approach that addresses its root causes. This includes socio-economic interventions to alleviate poverty and inequality, educational programs to foster empathy and conflict resolution skills, and mental health services to address psychological issues.

In conclusion, youth violence is a complex problem that requires multifaceted solutions. By understanding its root causes and implications, society can develop effective strategies to prevent it and create a safer, more inclusive environment for all young people.

500 Words Essay on Youth Violence

Introduction: the scope of youth violence.

Youth violence is a global public health problem that inflicts heavy social and economic costs on societies. It is a term that encompasses a range of aggressive behaviors including bullying, physical fighting, sexual violence, and gang-related violence. It is an issue that requires immediate attention and intervention due to its potential to disrupt the social fabric and impede the development of young individuals.

The Underlying Causes of Youth Violence

Youth violence is a multifaceted issue with roots in various socio-economic, familial, and individual factors. Socio-economic inequality, for instance, creates an environment where violence can thrive. Youths from disadvantaged backgrounds may resort to violence as a means of survival or as a manifestation of their frustration and anger towards the systemic disparity.

Family dynamics also play a critical role in shaping a young person’s propensity towards violence. Exposure to domestic violence, child abuse, or neglect can normalize aggression, and young individuals may replicate these violent behaviors in their interactions with peers.

Furthermore, certain individual factors such as mental health issues, substance abuse, and low self-esteem can contribute to violent behaviors. These factors, often intertwined with socio-economic and familial conditions, create a complex web of influences driving youth violence.

The Impact of Youth Violence

The impact of youth violence extends beyond the immediate harm to the victim. It can lead to long-term physical and psychological trauma, affecting a person’s ability to lead a healthy, productive life. For the perpetrators, involvement in violent activities can lead to a cycle of crime and incarceration, limiting their opportunities for education and employment.

At a societal level, youth violence can perpetuate a culture of fear and hostility, hampering community development and social cohesion. The economic costs are also significant, with resources being diverted towards law enforcement, healthcare, and rehabilitation services.

Preventing youth violence necessitates a holistic approach that addresses the root causes. Socio-economic interventions such as improving access to quality education and creating job opportunities can provide a constructive outlet for youths’ energy and aspirations.

Family-focused interventions, including parenting programs and domestic violence prevention initiatives, can help create a nurturing home environment. Mental health services and substance abuse programs can address individual risk factors, while community-based initiatives can foster a culture of non-violence and mutual respect.

Conclusion: A Call to Action

Youth violence is a pressing issue that demands collective action. By understanding its causes and impacts, we can develop comprehensive strategies to prevent it. Investing in our youth is investing in our future. Therefore, it is imperative to provide them with the tools and opportunities they need to grow into responsible, non-violent adults.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

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Causes of Youth Violence

On any given day in the United States, you will find a news story about youth violence. Whether it is street violence, bullying , or a school shooting, our country's youth is plagued by violent behavior.

The American Psychological Association (APA) defines youth violence as an extreme form of aggression with the goal of physical harm, injury, or death. Examples of youth violence also include date rape , homicides, and gang violence.

For parents and educators of teens, it is important to recognize that these types of violent behaviors are prevalent. In fact, homicide is the third leading cause of death among young people ages 15 to 19 years old in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC).

Consequently, parents and educators need to take an active part in preventing youth violence in the lives of teens. To do this, it's important to understand what causes violence among teens.

Media Influence

GeorgiaCourt / Getty Images

Research indicates that violence in the media influences teens and can cause them to act aggressively. Although it is difficult to determine whether or not violence in media leads directly to youth violence, studies have shown that playing violent video games increases aggressive thoughts and behaviors.

In fact, one study found that violent video games not only escalate aggressive behaviors. They also increase angry thoughts as well as raise the heart rate and blood pressure of participants.

Meanwhile, these video games decrease "helping behaviors" and reduce feelings of empathy . What's more, violent video game users tend to interact with other aggressive teens, which makes them feel accepted and validated for their thoughts and feelings.

While video games often get the most attention, violence in media isn't limited to video games. Violent media also can include the Internet, television, magazines, movies, music, advertising, social media , and more. Basically, media consists of anything your teen sees, hears, or interacts with.

Communities and Neighborhoods

Where teens live can also have an impact on them and lead them to act more aggressively. The CDC points to several community risk factors for youth violence including diminished economic opportunities, high levels of crime, and socially disorganized neighborhoods.

Additionally, research shows that youth violence can become a form of "street justice" in response to the lack of police protection in some neighborhoods. When this happens, teens may attempt to secure the neighborhood by using violence as a way of bringing order to the area. As a result, youth violence often manifests as gang violence, turf wars, gun wars, and other types of violence.

When teens live in socioeconomically challenged neighborhoods, they may feel like their only option for survival is to join a gang or to engage in violence. When this line of thinking is the norm, teens are likely to act aggressively and participate in violent behaviors.

Domestic Violence and Child Abuse

Children who live with violence in the home learn by example and can become violent people as they grow up. They also are more likely to experience teen dating violence , either as a victim or an aggressor.

Other contributing factors include harsh parenting styles, along with chaos in the home, neglect, and rejection. Each of these situations can lead to youth violence later in life because of the lack of stability and structure in the home. Being violent gives teens a feeling of power and control—something they lack at home.

To combat this risk, it is important that parents consider their parenting style and make adjustments in order to reduce the likelihood of seeing violence in their teens' lives later. Educators can lend support by offering parenting workshops.

If you are experiencing domestic violence, you can get help by contacting The National Domestic Violence Hotline.

Insufficient Parental Supervision

When parents do not provide adequate supervision, teens are prone to engage in aggressive behaviors or criminal activity. Without adult supervision, teens do not have the resources needed to make good choices or to recognize risks.

Consequently, these teens tend to make friends with the wrong people, take unnecessary risks, and experiment with things an involved parent would not allow. When parents are too permissive, their kids often have no motivation to do well in school and may even stop caring about their future.

As a whole, teenagers need fair and firm discipline and consistent interaction with and direction from their parents. When parents take an active role in their teens' lives, it reduces the likelihood of teen violence.

Peer Pressure

Peer pressure plays a pivotal role in youth violence, especially because kids are more likely to engage in risky or violent behaviors when they act as a group. Teens who normally would not be aggressive or violent on their own often feel empowered when in a group.

Additionally, teens are more likely to be violent or aggressive when they feel pressured. They also may become violent in order to maintain their place in the group. Peer pressure can lead teens to engage in risk-taking behaviors .

Drug and Alcohol Use

Alcohol and drug use has long been associated with the risk for youth violence. Both alcohol and drug use can increase aggression and reduce fear, which increases the likelihood of youth violence.

While teens usually engage in recreational drug and alcohol use to feel good, prolonged use of illicit drugs often brings about feelings of depression, anger, and frustration. These feelings can then lead a teen to exhibit behaviors of aggression and rage.

Traumatic Events

Dealing with traumatic events also can cause violent behavior in teens. For instance, teens who lose a friend in a car accident that they also were involved in often get angry at the fact that they were the ones that lived.

Because anger is a normal stage of grief, a violent outburst from these teens may seem justified. But, while anger is a normal emotion, it is not normal to be violent toward another person. When violence occurs, it should always be addressed.

Teens who exhibit signs of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be prone to violence. Violent outbursts are typically a symptom of PTSD, and if left untreated, can manifest in significantly violent situations. For this reason, it is extremely important for teens with PTSD to get the counseling and intervention that they need.

Mental Illness

Mental illness is another cause of violence among teens. Conditions including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder all have aggressive behaviors or angry feelings as common symptoms.

Teen mental illness sometimes hides behind other causes of youth violence. For instance, a teen with bipolar disorder may be using drugs. If this teen becomes violent, the drug use could hide the fact that the bipolar illness is part of the cause.

For this reason, it is important that teens engaging in violent behaviors are evaluated for a mental illness. By treating the entire person rather than just the symptoms, you are more likely to reduce the risk of additional violent outbursts.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adolescent health .

Shao R, Wang Y. The relation of violent video games to adolescent aggression: An examination of moderated mediation effect . Front Psychol . 2019;10:384. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00384

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Risk and protective factors .

Bushman BJ, Newman K, Calvert SL, et al. Youth violence: What we know and what we need to know . Am Psychol . 2016;71(1):17‐39. doi:10.1037/a0039687

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing teen dating violence .

Boston Children's Hospital. Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms & causes .

By Denise Witmer Denise Witmer is a freelance writer and mother of three children, who has authored several books and countless articles on parenting teens since 1997.

Home — Essay Samples — Social Issues — Youth Violence

Essays on Youth Violence

Brief description of youth violence.

Youth violence refers to harmful behaviors that are carried out by individuals under the age of 18. These actions can include bullying, fighting, gang-related violence, and even lethal violence. Addressing youth violence is crucial for the well-being of our communities and the future of our society.

Importance ... Read More Brief Description of Youth Violence

Importance of writing essays on this topic.

Essays on youth violence are significant as they provide a platform for academic exploration and personal reflection. By delving into this topic, students can gain a deeper understanding of the root causes, consequences, and potential solutions to youth violence. Furthermore, writing about youth violence can raise awareness and contribute to the prevention of such behaviors.

Tips on Choosing a Good Topic

Consider current events and their impact on youth violence.
Explore the psychological and sociological factors that contribute to youth violence.
Look into successful intervention and prevention strategies for youth violence.

Essay Topics

The impact of social media on youth violence
The role of family dynamics in youth violence
Exploring the connection between substance abuse and youth violence
Analyzing the influence of violent video games on youth behavior
The effectiveness of anti-bullying programs in reducing youth violence
The correlation between mental health issues and youth violence
Examining the role of law enforcement in addressing youth violence
The influence of peer pressure on youth involvement in violent activities
Exploring the connection between poverty and youth violence
The impact of music and popular culture on youth violence

Concluding Thought

By writing essays on youth violence, individuals can contribute to a better understanding of this critical issue and promote positive change within their communities. It is essential to engage in critical thinking and research to address the root causes and potential solutions for youth violence.

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Do Video Games Influence Violent Behavior?

By: Roanna Cooper, MA and Marc Zimmerman, PhD, MI-YVPC Director

An op-ed article appeared recently in the The New York Times discussing the Supreme Court’s decision to strike down California’s law barring the sale or rental of violent video games to people under 18. The author, Dr. Cheryl Olson, describes how the proposed law was based on the erroneous assumption that such games influence violent behavior in real life.

Dr. Olson suggests that the deliberately outrageous nature of violent games, though disturbing, makes them easily discernible from real life and suggests that the interactivity could potentially make such games less harmful.

She raises the question of how these two behaviors can be linked if youth violence has declined over the last several years while violent video game playing has increased significantly during the same period.

This analysis ignores the fact that such variation may be explained by factors other than the link between the two. A spurious variable–a third variable that explains the relationship between two other variables—may explain the negative correlation of video game playing and violent behavior. As one example, socioeconomic status may explain both a decline in violent behavior and an increase in video game playing. More affluent youth have the means and time to buy and play video games, which keeps them safely inside while avoiding potentially violent interactions on the street. Dr. Olsen also cites several studies that have failed to show a connection between violent video game playing and violent behavior among youth.

This conclusion, however, may not be as clear cut as it appears.

Youth violence remains a significant public health issue

The decline of youth violence notwithstanding, it remains a significant public health issue that requires attention.Youth homicide remains the number one cause of death for African-American youth between 14 and 24 years old, and the number two cause for all children in this age group. Furthermore, the proportion of youth admitting to having committed various violent acts within the previous 12 months has remained steady or even increased somewhat in recent years ( http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/108/5/1222.full.pdf+html ). Although the Columbine tragedy and others like it make the headlines, youth are killed everyday by the hands of another. A more critical analysis of the link between video game playing and violence is necessary for fully understanding a complex problem like youth violent behavior that has many causes and correlates.

Studies support a link between violent video games and aggressive behavior

Researchers have reported experimental evidence linking violent video games to more aggressive behavior, particularly as it relates to children who are at more sensitive stages in their socialization. These effects have been found to be particularly profound in the case of child-initiated virtual violence.

In one study, 161 9- to 12-year olds and 354 college students were randomly assigned to play either a violent or nonviolent video game. The participants subsequently played another computer game in which they set punishment levels to be delivered to another person participating in the study (they were not actually administered). Information was also gathered on each participant’s recent history of violent behavior; habitual video game, television, and move habits, and several other control variables. The authors reported three main findings: 1) participants who played one of violent video games would choose to punish their opponents with significantly more high-noise blasts than those who played the nonviolent games; 2) habitual exposure to violent media was associated with higher levels of recent violent behavior; and 3) interactive forms of media violence were more strongly related to violent behavior than exposure to non-interactive media violence.
The second study was a cross-sectional correlational study of media habits, aggression-related individual difference variables, and aggressive behaviors of an adolescent population. High school students (N=189) completed surveys about their violent TV, movie, and video game exposure, attitudes towards violence, and perceived norms about violent behavior and personality traits. After statistically controlling for sex, total screen time and aggressive beliefs and attitudes, the authors found that playing violent video games predicted heightened physically aggressive behavior and violent behavior in the real world in a long-term context.
In a third study, Anderson et al. conducted a longitudinal study of elementary school students to examine if violent video game exposure resulted in increases in aggressive behavior over time. Surveys were given to 430 third, fourth, and fifth graders, their peers, and their teachers at two times during a school year. The survey assessed both media habits and their attitudes about violence. Results indicated that children who played more violent video games early in a school year changed to see the world in a more aggressive way and also changed to become more verbally and physically aggressive later in the school year. Changes in attitude were noticed by both peers and teachers.
Bushman and Huesmann, in a 2006 Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine article , examined effect size estimates using meta-analysis to look at the short- and long-term effects of violent media on aggression in children and adults. They reported a positive relationship between exposure to media violence and subsequent aggressive behavior, aggressive ideas, arousal, and anger across the studies they examined. Consistent with the theory that long-term effects require the learning of beliefs and that young minds can easier encode new scripts via observational learning, they found that the long-term effects were greater for children.
In a more recent review, Anderson et al. (2010) also analyzed 136 studies representing 130,296 participants from several countries. These included experimental laboratory work, cross-sectional surveys and longitudinal studies. Overall, they found consistent associations between playing violent video games and many measures of aggression, including self, teacher and parent reports of aggressive behavior. Although the correlations were not high (r=0.17-0.20), they are typical for psychological studies in general and comparable with other risk factors for youth violence suggested in the 2001 Surgeon General’s Report on youth violence .

Violent video games may increase precursors to violent behavior, such as bullying

Although playing violent video games may not necessarily determine violent or aggressive behavior, it may increase precursors to violent behavior. In fact, Dr. Olson points out that violent video games may be related to bullying, which researchers have found to be a risk factor for more serious violent behavior. Therefore, video game playing may have an indirect effect on violent behavior by increasing risk factors for it. Doug Gentile notes that the only way for violent video games to affect serious criminal violence statistics is if they were the primary predictor of crime, which they may not be. Rather, they represent one risk factor among many for aggression ( http://www.apa.org/monitor/2010/12/virtual-violence.aspx ).

Should video games be regulated?

L. Rowell Huesmann (2010) points out that violent video game playing may be similar to other public health threats such as exposure to cigarette smoke and led based paint . Despite not being guaranteed, the probability of lung cancer from smoking or intelligence deficits from lead exposure is increased. Nevertheless, we have laws controlling cigarette sales to minors and the use of lead-based paint (and other lead-based products such as gasoline) because it is a risk factor for negative health outcomes. Huesmann argues the same analysis could be applied to video game exposure. Although exposure to violent video games is not the sole factor contributing to aggression and violence among children and adolescents, it is a contributing risk factor that is modifiable.

Violent behavior is determined by many factors

Finally, most researchers would agree that violent behavior is determined by many factors which may combine in different ways for different youth. These factors involve neighborhoods, families, peers, and individual traits and behaviors. Researchers, for example, have found that living in a violent neighborhood and experiencing violence as a victim or witness is associated with an increased risk for violent behavior among youth. Yet, this factor alone may not cause one to be violent and most people living in such a neighborhood do not become violent perpetrators. Similarly, researchers have found consistently that exposure to family violence (e.g., spousal and child abuse, fighting and conflict) increases the risk for youth violent behavior, but does not necessarily result in violent children. Likewise, researchers have found that first person killing video game playing is associated with increased risk for violent behavior, but not all the time. Yet, constant exposure to violence from multiple sources, including first person violent video games, in the absence of positive factors that help to buffer these negative exposures is likely to increase the probability that youth will engage in violent behavior.

Despite disagreements on the exact nature of the relationship between violent video game playing and violent or aggressive behavior, significant evidence exists linking video game playing with violent behavior and its correlates. Although we are somewhat agnostic about the role of social controls like laws banning the sale of violent video games to minors, an argument against such social controls based on the conclusion that the video games have no effect seems to oversimplify the issue. A more in-depth and critical analysis of the issue from multiple perspectives may both help more completely understand the causes and correlates of youth violence, and provide us with some direction for creative solutions to this persistent social problem.

What are adverse childhood experiences?

Adverse childhood experiences, or ACEs, are potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood (0-17 years). Examples include: 1

Experiencing violence, abuse, or neglect.
Witnessing violence in the home or community.
Having a family member attempt or die by suicide.

Also included are aspects of the child’s environment that can undermine their sense of safety, stability, and bonding. Examples can include growing up in a household with: 1

Substance use problems.
Mental health problems.
Instability due to parental separation.
Instability due to household members being in jail or prison.

The examples above are not a complete list of adverse experiences. Many other traumatic experiences could impact health and well-being. This can include not having enough food to eat, experiencing homelessness or unstable housing, or experiencing discrimination. 2 3 4 5 6

Quick facts and stats

ACEs are common. About 64% of adults in the United States reported they had experienced at least one type of ACE before age 18. Nearly one in six (17.3%) adults reported they had experienced four or more types of ACEs. 7

Preventing ACEs could potentially reduce many health conditions. Estimates show up to 1.9 million heart disease cases and 21 million depression cases potentially could have been avoided by preventing ACEs. 1

Some people are at greater risk of experiencing one or more ACEs than others. While all children are at risk of ACEs, numerous studies show inequities in such experiences. These inequalities are linked to the historical, social, and economic environments in which some families live. 5 6 ACEs were highest among females, non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native adults, and adults who are unemployed or unable to work. 7

ACEs are costly. ACEs-related health consequences cost an estimated economic burden of $748 billion annually in Bermuda, Canada, and the United States. 8

ACEs can have lasting effects on health and well-being in childhood and life opportunities well into adulthood. 9 Life opportunities include things like education and job potential. These experiences can increase the risks of injury, sexually transmitted infections, and involvement in sex trafficking. They can also increase risks for maternal and child health problems including teen pregnancy, pregnancy complications, and fetal death. Also included are a range of chronic diseases and leading causes of death, such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and suicide. 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

ACEs and associated social determinants of health, such as living in under-resourced or racially segregated neighborhoods, can cause toxic stress. Toxic stress, or extended or prolonged stress, from ACEs can negatively affect children’s brain development, immune systems, and stress-response systems. These changes can affect children’s attention, decision-making, and learning. 18

Children growing up with toxic stress may have difficulty forming healthy and stable relationships. They may also have unstable work histories as adults and struggle with finances, jobs, and depression throughout life. 18 These effects can also be passed on to their own children. 19 20 21 Some children may face further exposure to toxic stress from historical and ongoing traumas. These historical and ongoing traumas refer to experiences of racial discrimination or the impacts of poverty resulting from limited educational and economic opportunities. 1 6

Adverse childhood experiences can be prevented. Certain factors may increase or decrease the risk of experiencing adverse childhood experiences.

Preventing adverse childhood experiences requires understanding and addressing the factors that put people at risk for or protect them from violence.

Creating safe, stable, nurturing relationships and environments for all children can prevent ACEs and help all children reach their full potential. We all have a role to play.

Merrick MT, Ford DC, Ports KA, et al. Vital Signs: Estimated Proportion of Adult Health Problems Attributable to Adverse Childhood Experiences and Implications for Prevention — 25 States, 2015–2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019;68:999-1005. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6844e1 .
Cain KS, Meyer SC, Cummer E, Patel KK, Casacchia NJ, Montez K, Palakshappa D, Brown CL. Association of Food Insecurity with Mental Health Outcomes in Parents and Children. Science Direct. 2022; 22:7; 1105-1114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2022.04.010 .
Smith-Grant J, Kilmer G, Brener N, Robin L, Underwood M. Risk Behaviors and Experiences Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness—Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 23 U.S. States and 11 Local School Districts. Journal of Community Health. 2022; 47: 324-333.
Experiencing discrimination: Early Childhood Adversity, Toxic Stress, and the Impacts of Racism on the Foundations of Health | Annual Review of Public Health https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-101940 .
Sedlak A, Mettenburg J, Basena M, et al. Fourth national incidence study of child abuse and neglect (NIS-4): Report to Congress. Executive Summary. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health an Human Services, Administration for Children and Families.; 2010.
Font S, Maguire-Jack K. Pathways from childhood abuse and other adversities to adult health risks: The role of adult socioeconomic conditions. Child Abuse Negl. 2016;51:390-399.
Swedo EA, Aslam MV, Dahlberg LL, et al. Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences Among U.S. Adults — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2011–2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023;72:707–715. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7226a2 .
Bellis, MA, et al. Life Course Health Consequences and Associated Annual Costs of Adverse Childhood Experiences Across Europe and North America: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Lancet Public Health 2019.
Adverse Childhood Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Associations with Poor Mental Health and Suicidal Behaviors Among High School Students — Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey, United States, January–June 2021 | MMWR
Hillis SD, Anda RF, Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Marchbanks PA, Marks JS. The association between adverse childhood experiences and adolescent pregnancy, long-term psychosocial consequences, and fetal death. Pediatrics. 2004 Feb;113(2):320-7.
Miller ES, Fleming O, Ekpe EE, Grobman WA, Heard-Garris N. Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. Obstetrics & Gynecology . 2021;138(5):770-776. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004570 .
Sulaiman S, Premji SS, Tavangar F, et al. Total Adverse Childhood Experiences and Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review. Matern Child Health J . 2021;25(10):1581-1594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-021-03176-6 .
Ciciolla L, Shreffler KM, Tiemeyer S. Maternal Childhood Adversity as a Risk for Perinatal Complications and NICU Hospitalization. Journal of Pediatric Psychology . 2021;46(7):801-813. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsab027 .
Mersky JP, Lee CP. Adverse childhood experiences and poor birth outcomes in a diverse, low-income sample. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2019;19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2560-8 .
Reid JA, Baglivio MT, Piquero AR, Greenwald MA, Epps N. No youth left behind to human trafficking: Exploring profiles of risk. American journal of orthopsychiatry. 2019;89(6):704.
Diamond-Welch B, Kosloski AE. Adverse childhood experiences and propensity to participate in the commercialized sex market. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2020 Jun 1;104:104468.
Shonkoff, J. P., Garner, A. S., Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health, Committee on Early Childhood, Adoption, and Dependent Care, & Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics (2012). The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress. Pediatrics, 129(1), e232–e246. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2663
Narayan AJ, Kalstabakken AW, Labella MH, Nerenberg LS, Monn AR, Masten AS. Intergenerational continuity of adverse childhood experiences in homeless families: unpacking exposure to maltreatment versus family dysfunction. Am J Orthopsych. 2017;87(1):3. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000133 .
Schofield TJ, Donnellan MB, Merrick MT, Ports KA, Klevens J, Leeb R. Intergenerational continuity in adverse childhood experiences and rural community environments. Am J Public Health. 2018;108(9):1148-1152. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304598 .
Schofield TJ, Lee RD, Merrick MT. Safe, stable, nurturing relationships as a moderator of intergenerational continuity of child maltreatment: a meta-analysis. J Adolesc Health. 2013;53(4 Suppl):S32-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.05.004 .

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

ACEs can have a tremendous impact on lifelong health and opportunity. CDC works to understand ACEs and prevent them.

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Springfield students honored in writing challenge about community violence

Ten Springfield City School District students were honored by Ohio Attorney General Dave Yost as finalists in the Do the Write Thing challenge, in which two students, including Tah’ Tionna Taylor and Aldofo Cruz Jr., were chosen as ambassadors to represent the district in July at the Do the Write Thing national conference in Washington, D.C. Here they are pictured with Superintendent Bob Hill. Contributed

Springfield City School District middle school students participated in the Do the Write Thing program for the fourth year in a row.

Ten students were honored last week by Ohio Attorney General Dave Yost as finalists in the challenge, which is a national program that asks seventh and eighth grade students to explain how youth violence affects them and to share their ideas on how to stop it.

“I understand that writing about violence isn’t easy,” Yost said. “But your essays were profound, enlightening and thought-provoking – exactly what we need to hear from you, our young citizens, to gain a better understanding of the world you envision and the reality you face.”

Middle schooler Adolfo Cruz Jr. shared his insight from part of his essay for the program.

“In order to stop youth violence, we have to first look at the kids who are invisible from others, when kids or teens who are ignored or not paid attention to, it triggers a emotion of anger and sadness towards them, which lets it control them, and if they let this anger control them, they want to do something violent — as in a few examples: kill, steal, hate towards others who haven’t done anything to them and make others feel bad toward each other,” he wrote in his essay.

This year, more than 900 Springfield seventh- and eighth-graders participated in the program.

“Once again, Springfield students were asked to write about how violence impacts their daily lives and to share their ideas of how to reduce violence in their community,” Yost wrote in the introduction to a booklet containing the essays of the Springfield finalists. “They tackled the difficult subject with candor, thoughtfulness and insight beyond their years.”

Springfield-area business leaders and community members judged the work of students from Hayward, Roosevelt and Shaefer Middle Schools and selected the 10 finalists for publication in the booklet, which will be distributed statewide.

Tah’ Tionna Taylor and Cruz, along with six students from the three other Ohio districts participating in the program, were chosen as ambassadors to represent the district in July at the Do the Write Thing national conference in Washington, D.C.

“No community is immune to violence and its devastating effects, but to turn the tables and create positive change in our school, neighborhoods and cities should be commended and acknowledged,” said Superintendent Bob Hill. “Your voices are making an impact in our community and throughout Ohio.”

In partnership with Yost, Springfield was the first school district in Ohio to participate in the program in 2020. The program has since expanded to four other Ohio districts including Canton, Lima, Youngstown and Zanesville.

The challenge encourages students to share how their experiences with violence have personally impacted them and how they can reduce violence in their communities. The program challenges students to express in story, poem, song or other written form the violence they have seen or faced while exploring these questions:

How does violence affect your daily life?
What are some of the causes of youth violence in your community?
What can you as an individual do to reduce youth violence in your community?

Do the Write Thing , which is organized by the National Campaign to Stop Youth Violence, was founded in 1994 and has reached millions of students nationwide.

About the Author

Brooke Spurlock covers education, crime and more in Clark and Champaign counties as a reporter for the Springfield News-Sun. She has been a writer for over five years, which includes her previous work as a breaking news desk investigator. Spurlock has her bachelor's in mass communications with a minor in psychology and her associates in paralegal.

Summer in Kansas City means a youth curfew as mayor begs residents to 'put the guns down'

File photo of a fatal shooting at 67th Street and Cleveland Avenue that left one man dead on Friday, March 22, 2024.

Police and Mayor Quinton Lucas say a focus on deterrence, community partners and youth curfews could help stem the record violence of last year, when there were seven homicides over Memorial Day weekend.

Kansas City Police and Mayor Quinton Lucas on Friday pointed to a “focused deterrence” plan, youth curfews and community partnerships to hopefully cut down on the city’s chronic gun violence.

Lucas also begged people to refrain from celebratory gunfire and to call police if arguments begin to escalate into violence.

“We ask everyone to put the guns down,” Lucas said. “But if you do hear gun violence or shootings in your community, make sure that you call authorities.”

Lucas said the city’s homicides are down 15% compared to a five-year average going into the Memorial Day holiday, which he called a “positive trend.”

But last year the city had a record number of homicides and this year, nine children under 17 years old have been killed. Seven people were killed in a 72-hour stretch of the 2023 Memorial Day holiday.

KCPD Deputy Chief Joe Mabin said he’s planned for “any contingency” during the annual Celebration at the Station , the first major public event at Union Station since the Feb. 14 Super Bowl parade, when one person was killed and another 24 wounded. Extra on- and off-duty police officers will be there, as well as Jackson County Sheriff’s officers, Mabin said.

City leaders planned to unveil more in the coming week about a program called Stand Against Violence Kansas City, or SAVE KC, Lucas said. After the Super Bowl Parade shootings, Police Chief Stacey Graves said she would be working more on “focused deterrence” of crime.

Lucas said the focused deterrence includes services for a “targeted narrow group of individuals,” “real consequences” for violators, close work with police and prosecutors, and support for community organizations already in the field.

Kansas City has a youth curfew during weekends . This year's begins Friday and runs through September. Citywide, people ages 15 and younger must be accompanied by an adult starting at 10 p.m.; 16- and 17-year olds must be accompanied by adult starting at 11 pm.

In the entertainment districts, people under 17 must be accompanied by an adult starting at 9 p.m. The districts include the Country Club Plaza, Westport, Downtown and 18 th and Vine. All curfews end at 6 a.m.

Police will also be working on combating street racing , car side shows and drunk drivers this summer, Mabin said.

“We’re asking people to leave their guns at home and not let arguments and disturbances lead to violence. Call the police before things escalate,” Mabin said. “Violence anywhere in Kansas City is a harm to everyone in Kansas City.”

Domestic violence prevention advocate Conor Pall 'won't stop fighting' for children amid national crisis

The subject of the story, dark features, wearing a green hat and orange shirt speaking into a microphone in front of Parliament

Conor Pall is eloquent, whip-smart and unquestionably passionate.

This month, the 20-year-old from Mildura in Victoria's Mallee met Premier Jacinta Allan to discuss his lived experience of domestic violence, a scourge blighting the country.

But behind Mr Pall's confidence is a vulnerability.

From a young age, domestic violence plagued his life.

"Home wasn't a safe place for me," he said.

"For years I lived between two houses.

"Only one ever felt like a home."

Excluded from family violence orders

A man in dark polo, dark features with hands out wide mid speech.

Mr Pall said he never felt heard when he attended court with his mother when she was applying for family violence intervention orders.

"The magistrate looked at me and asked, 'How old are you?'

"Seventeen, I replied.

"He then informed me that kids did not need to be present at these kinds of proceedings and asked that I be removed from the courtroom.

"I was never really seen, or spoken to by the magistrate, as a victim in my own right."

A man with dark features, smiling at two young boys while crouching at their level

Earlier this year, the Victorian Victims of Crime Commission released a report called Silenced and Sidelined, which found that the justice system was not always safe and accessible for younger victims.

"For children and young people, not being able to access the justice system safely, and not being aware of options, were barriers to participation," the report said.

"A key theme in relation to barriers for children and young people was children's sense of 'invisibility', lack of agency and lack of opportunity for meaningful participation."

Harnessing lived experience for advocacy

A 2023 Australian Child Maltreatment Study (ACMS) found young people aged 16 to 24 reported high rates of emotional abuse and exposure to domestic violence.

Mr Pall doesn't want other children and young people to feel like their voices are not being listened to.

At 17, he joined Victoria's Youth Parliament and began campaigning for political change, which included debating mock legislation around domestic abuse.

Now 20, he has written a book for children about the power of overcoming adversity, is an advisor to the Victorian government on domestic violence, and works for the Commission for Children and Young People — a non-governmental body that promotes the improvement of policies and practices that affect the safety and wellbeing of young Victorians.

"I'm using my experiences as a male survivor [of family violence] to make change in the family violence system," he said.

"I never really saw any young people, and particularly young men, talking about family violence.

"I wanted to use my experience to make sure that no other young person would have to suffer in silence, as myself and too many victim survivors, are forced to do."

Young people need to be 'centre' of change

Youth Affairs Council of Victoria's head of rural, Derm Ryan, said in terms of family violence reforms, it was crucial to hear from young people with lived experience.

Man with grey hair smiles open mouthed smile while standing in front of green tree leaves

"What we're talking about is trying to change a culture," Mr Ryan said.

"Young people and children need to be a centrepiece of that.

"We see that again and again, where young people are not included in decision-making."

Mr Pall said systemic failures fuelled his passion for his work.

"I won't stop fighting until we all adequately recognise and act upon children and young people's unique experiences of family violence, as victim-survivors in their own right," he said.

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Crime & Public Safety | Youth programming key to keeping lid on summer…

Crime & Public Safety

Crime & public safety | youth programming key to keeping lid on summer gun violence, st. paul community leaders say, nonfatal shootings have dropped 64 percent compared to same period in 2021.

Nonfatal shootings have dropped 64 percent so far this year, compared to the same time in 2021, and homicides have also decreased year-over-year.

St. Paul announced Project PEACE in July 2022, which is ongoing. The aim has been to reduce retaliation for street crime by connecting individuals and families impacted by gun violence with mental health support and other holistic intervention services. Part of the effort is the police department’s Operation ASPIRE, which has officers working on prevention, intervention and enforcement involving gun violence.

Mayor Melvin Carter announced the appointment of Brooke Blakey as the director of St. Paul's new Office of Neighborhood Safety (ONS) on Feb. 14. 2022. (Courtesy of the City of St. Paul)

Brooke Blakey, director of St. Paul’s Office of Neighborhood Safety (ONS), said it’s important to talk about the positive work that’s being done, rather than only highlighting various organizations’ preventive work when a tragedy happens.

Public safety is the job of police, the fire department, Parks and Recreation, the libraries, ONS and community partners, said Mayor Melvin Carter at the kickoff gathering for what the city is calling “Safe Summer 2024.”

When Carter created ONS in 2022, the goal was balancing “investments in emergency response with an array of community-led strategies focused on addressing the root causes of crime,” he said. “Our neighbors know what our neighborhoods need best.”

Preliminary numbers show there were 29 nonfatal shootings in St. Paul as of Monday, compared to 49 during the same time last year, 76 in 2022 and 81 in 2021, according to the police department. There have been 10 homicides in St. Paul this year; there were 15 at this time last year.

Youth programming around St. Paul

Melvin Carter, flanked by city and community leaders, speaks.

Among the community members who talked about their work Friday was Natalia Davis of Take a Breath LLC. She’s hosted healing circles at several St. Paul recreation centers and elsewhere, where she teaches young people breathing techniques to manage grief and anxiety and deal with trauma.

This summer, she’ll be at Safe Summer Nights in St. Paul to teach breathing techniques to bring about calmness. Safe Summer Nights started in 2014, intended for St. Paul police and residents to get to know each other over a meal.

At the Black Youth Healing Arts Center at 643 Virginia St. in St. Paul, where Davis is artistic director, she said there will be free summer programming like yoga, gardening, sewing and Afro dance classes.

Johnny Allen Jr. is founder and executive director of the JK Movement , a nonprofit youth engagement organization that works out of the Jimmy Lee Rec Center. Their free summer programs include SAQ (Speed, Agility, Quickness) for middle and high school students; a digital art class for second and third graders; a Monday through Thursday, 4-7 p.m. program for middle and high schoolers; and career programs for young people about commercial real estate, construction, music and more.

There’s also St. Paul’s Right Track , where city residents who are 14 to 21 can get a summer job, Blakey said.

People can get more information through organization websites or social media, and there’s also outreach to get people signed up.

“They really do engage with community … for those individuals that are in that gap, that aren’t necessarily the ones who are going to go to a website, or the people we see in the neighborhoods who need opportunities,” said Blakey, who was at the White House on Wednesday with other people in the violence prevention field to further develop a national collaborative approach.

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OJJDP FY24 National Youth Violence Prevention Training and Technical Assistance (TTA) Program

Download PDF, 403.61 KB

With this solicitation, OJJDP seeks to build on its history and leadership in addressing youth violence prevention by providing the field and practitioners with comprehensive resources and training materials through the OJJDP National Youth Violence Prevention Training and Technical Assistance (TTA) Program. A web-based resource hub will provide guidance to anyone seeking to implement effective and quality evidence-based programming in the specified topic areas.

Eligibility

Public-and state-controlled institutions of higher education
Native American Tribal organizations (other than federally recognized Tribal governments)
Nonprofits having a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education
Nonprofits that do not have a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education
Private institutions of higher education
For-profit organizations other than small businesses

Solicitation Webinar

On June 10, 2024, at 2 p.m. ET, OJJDP personnel will hold a webinar to provide a detailed overview of this solicitation and allow interested applicants to ask questions. Register to participate .

Supplemental Information

June 10, 2024 Solicitation Webinar

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OJJDP FY24 Enhancing School Capacity To Address Youth Violence
OJJDP FY24 Byrne Discretionary Community Project Grants/Byrne Discretionary Grants Program - Invited to Apply
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The Americas

A young couple from the u.s. were among 3 missionaries killed in haiti violence.

The Associated Press

Davy and Natalie Lloyd were among three missionaries killed in Haiti after being ambushed at the Port-au-Prince, officials with the mission organization said Friday, May 24, 2024. The third victim was Jude Montis, who was the country's director of Missions In Haiti Inc. Brad Searcy Photography/via AP hide caption

PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti — A U.S. missionary couple and a Haitian man who worked with them were shot and killed by gang members in Haiti 's capital after they were attacked while leaving a youth group activity held at a local church, a family member said Friday.

The attack happened Thursday evening in the community of Lizon in northern Port-au-Prince, Lionel Lazarre, head of a Haitian police union, told The Associated Press.

The slayings occurred as the capital crumbles under the relentless assault of violent gangs that control 80% of Port-au-Prince while authorities await the arrival of a police force from Kenya as part of a U.N.-backed deployment aimed at quelling gang violence in the troubled Caribbean country.

Two of the victims were a young married couple, Davy and Natalie Lloyd, according to a Facebook posting from Natalie Lloyd's father, Missouri state Rep. Ben Baker. The third victim was Jude Montis, who was the country's director of Missions In Haiti Inc.

Haiti's notorious gang leader, Barbecue, says his forces are ready for a long fight

"My heart is broken in a thousand pieces," Baker wrote on Facebook on Thursday. "I've never felt this kind of pain. Most of you know my daughter and son-in-law Davy and Natalie Lloyd are full time missionaries in Haiti. They were attacked by gangs this evening and were both killed. They went to Heaven together."

Hannah Cornett, Davy Lloyd's sister, told the AP that her brother was 23 years old and Natalie Lloyd was 21. They were going to celebrate their two-year anniversary in June and his birthday in early July.

Cornett said her parents are full-time missionaries in Haiti, and that she and her two brothers grew up there.

"Davy spoke Creole before he spoke English. It was home," she said in a phone interview. "Haiti was all we knew."

Cornett, 22, said her parents run an orphanage, school and church in Haiti, and that she and her brothers grew up with the orphans: "It was just one big happy family there."

The announcement of a new prime minister divides Haiti's transitional council

She said her older brother was outgoing, had built a garden and raised a lot of animals. While he went back to the U.S. for Bible college and then got married, he returned to Haiti with Natalie Lloyd to do more humanitarian work.

"They just had a lot of love for Haiti, and they just wanted to help the people there," Cornett said. "That's their calling."

Cornett noted that Montis worked with her parents for 20 years and left behind two children, ages 2 and 6.

She said the night of the attack, three vehicles carrying gang members stopped the Lloyds and Montis as they crossed the street, hitting her brother in the head with the barrel of a gun. They forced him upstairs, stole their belongings and left him tied up. As people were helping untie Davy Lloyd, another group of armed gunmen showed up.

"Nobody knows what happened," she said.

An unidentified person got shot and the gunmen opened fire as the Lloyds and Montis fled to the house where her parents live, Cornett said.

A portrait of Haitians trying to survive without a government

"They tried to take cover in there, but the gang shot up the house," she said, adding that they were killed and their bodies set on fire.

Cornett said her mother flew back from Haiti about a month ago, and that her father and younger brother flew out Wednesday because things had been so calm in the neighborhood.

"Nobody expected this to happen," she said between tears.

On Friday afternoon, Baker posted on Facebook that the bodies of Davy and Natalie Lloyd were safely transported to the U.S. Embassy.

The couple worked for Missions In Haiti Inc. The Claremore, Oklahoma, organization was founded by David and Alicia Lloyd, Davy Lloyd's parents. Natalie Lloyd's Facebook page said the couple married on June 18, 2022, and she began working with the missionary organization in August 2022. She frequently posted photos of Haitian children on her page.

A Facebook posting on the Missions In Haiti page late Thursday read: "Around midnight: Davy and Natalie and Jude were shot and killed by the gang about 9 o'clock this evening. We all are devastated."

Alicia Lloyd, mother of Davy Lloyd, told the Oklahoma-based Claremore Daily Progress newspaper that her son "was one of these people who could do anything."

"I hope something good can come out of this. We don't see it now, but we don't want (their lives) to be in vain," she was quoted as saying.

U.S. Department of State spokesman Matthew Miller said the ambassador in Haiti was in touch with the families "who we know are experiencing unimaginable grief."

"Unfortunately, this serves as a reminder that the security situation in Haiti cannot wait – too many innocent lives are being lost," he said in a statement as he noted the U.S. government's commitment for a swift deployment of the Kenyan-led mission.

It wasn't immediately clear which gang or gangs were responsible for the fatal shootings.

However, a gang leader called Chyen Mechan, which means "mean dog" in Haitian Creole, controls the area where the shooting occurred. His real name is Claudy Célestin, and he is a dismissed civil servant from Haiti's Ministry of the Interior.

The leader of another gang known as General Jeff also controls territory near the neighborhood where the couple was killed. Both gangs are part of a coalition known as Viv Ansanm, which means "Live Together."

The coalition is responsible for launching large-scale attacks on key government infrastructure starting Feb. 29. Gunmen have attacked police stations, opened fire on the main international airport that remained closed for nearly three months before opening earlier this week and stormed Haiti's two biggest prisons, releasing more than 4,000 inmates.

Gangs also are blamed for killing or injuring more than 2,500 people across Haiti from January to March, a 50% increase compared with the same period last year, according to the United Nations. In addition, more than 360,000 people have been forced to flee their homes by gangs who control 80% of Port-au-Prince.

Kidnappings also are rampant, with targets including U.S. missionaries.

In October 2021, gang members kidnapped 17 missionaries, the majority U.S. citizens. Many in the group, which included five children, were held captive for more than two months before escaping.

Then in July 2023, gangs kidnapped a U.S. nurse and her daughter from the campus of a Christian-run school near Port-au-Prince. They were released nearly two weeks later.

The U.S. Department of State has long had a "do not travel" advisory for Haiti and urges any U.S. citizens in the country to depart as soon as possible.

On the Missions In Haiti website, the founders wrote that the organization was founded in 2000. It said it aimed to help with "the country's biggest need — its children."

A May 2023 newsletter posted on the mission website said Natalie "has been helping with the kids at the House of Compassion and assisting in our ACE school. Davy has been working on a lot of badly needed projects around our compound," including building a laundry room and repairing bathrooms.

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Youth violence
Youth violence results in deaths, injuries, disability and long-term health consequences including mental health problems and increased health-risk behaviours, which can lead to chronic diseases. It is further associated with higher rates of school-dropouts, negative impacts on cognitive development and opportunities to contribute to their ...
The Main Causes of Youth Violence Essay
Young people who commit acts of violence are strongly influenced by their background, personal traits, access to guns, and the coverage of abuse in the media. At the same time, these reasons also apply to the youth who experienced violence. The two main effects of youth violence are the dissemination of abuse across social and health problems ...
Youth Violence
The estimated number of youth arrests for violent crimes, including murder, robbery, and aggravated assault, has declined since the mid-2000s, according to a fact sheet from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) and the National Institute of Justice (NIJ).. According to the report, the number of violent crime arrests involving youth reached a new low in 2020 -- 78% ...
The Effects Of Violence On Health
Among high school youth who date, 10.7 percent of females and 2.8 percent of males report experiencing sexual violence, and 9.1 percent of females and 6.5 percent of males report experiencing ...
PDF Youth Violence: What We Know and What We Need to Know
Two Distinct Types of Youth Gun Violence. Violent rampage shootings in schools differ in dramatic ways from street shootings (or "street violence") commonly associated with U.S. inner cities. Table 1 summarizes major descriptive differences between these two types of youth violence, which will be discussed further.
Youth Violence Essay
10 Lines on Youth Violence Essay in English. 1. A matter of concern for this generation and worries for parents and government is the growth of youth violence. 2. Youth violence has increased so much that nowadays, youths are ready to kill someone at the spur of the moment. 3.
Engaging Communities in Youth Violence Prevention: Introduction and
Engaging Communities in Youth Violence Prevention: Introduction and Contents. Youth violence (YV) is a major public health problem in the United States that has substantial short- and long-term negative impacts on youths, their families, and communities. Homicide was the third leading cause of death among youths aged 10 to 24 years in 2019 ...
PDF Preventing Youth Violence Fact Sheet
Homicide is the 3rd leading cause of death for young people ages 10-24. Each day, about 14 young people are victims of homicide and about 1,300 are treated in emergency departments for nonfatal assault-related injuries.3. • Youth violence is costly. Youth homicides and nonfatal physical assault-related injuries result in more than $21 billion ...
What Works in Violence Prevention Among Young People?: A Systematic
Eleven reviews and meta-analyses reported moderate to large effects, while four meta-analyses and reviews showed small but significant effects on youth violence-related outcomes. Zych et al. (2015) reported on 66 reviews of programs targeting bullying and cyberbullying, concluding that programs were effective in reducing perpetration and ...
Help Stop Youth Violence
An initiative of the National Campaign to Stop Violence, Do the Write Thing (DtWT) is a writing program for middle school students that positions them as community catalysts as they examine the root causes and impact of youth violence. Students write, we listen. Learn more.
About School Violence
School violence is violence that occurs in the school setting, such as on school property or on the way to or from school, or during a school-sponsored event or on the way to or from a school-sponsored event. It describes violent acts that disrupt learning and have a negative effect on students, schools, and the broader community.
80 Youth Violence Essay Topics & Examples
In order to regain this respect and get attention, the adolescents engage in violence. Youth, Crime, and Violence. The book has been written in defence of the hip-hop culture due to the accusations pointed at it as being the cause of gun violence in society. Connection Between Child Maltreatment and Youth Violence.
Social media's role in the rise of youth violence
Violent crime is on a downward trend across the country since a pandemic era spike. But, today, a number of cities are reporting a new rise in violent crime among youth. In many cases, law ...
Essay on Youth Violence
500 Words Essay on Youth Violence Introduction: The Scope of Youth Violence. Youth violence is a global public health problem that inflicts heavy social and economic costs on societies. It is a term that encompasses a range of aggressive behaviors including bullying, physical fighting, sexual violence, and gang-related violence. It is an issue ...
Causes of Youth Violence
Examples of youth violence also include date rape, homicides, and gang violence. For parents and educators of teens, it is important to recognize that these types of violent behaviors are prevalent. In fact, homicide is the third leading cause of death among young people ages 15 to 19 years old in the United States, according to the Centers for ...
Essays on Youth Violence
Abuse, Elementary and primary schools, Self-esteem, Verbal abuse, Victim blaming, Victimisation. 1 2. Absolutely FREE essays on Youth Violence. All examples of topics, summaries were provided by straight-A students. Get an idea for your paper.
Violence Prevention
Homicide is the third leading cause of death for youth in the United States. 2 In 2016, more than 530,000 young people ages 10-24 were treated in emergency departments for injuries sustained from violence. 3. Youth violence typically involves young people hurting other peers. It can take different forms.
Youth Violence Essay
Violence in Youth. Introduction Youth violence is defined as violent behaviour that begins early in life and continues throughout subsequent stages of life. Youth violence may include physical and emotional harm, and minor crimes, escalating to murder (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Youth are recognized as being between the ...
Violence Exposure and Trauma Screener for Youth (VETSY)
Data provide support for a brief screening measure for trauma and violence exposure in children from birth through age seven that can be administered by minimally trained staff in public systems and community-based agencies who can then refer children and families to necessary assessment and treatment services.
Do Video Games Influence Violent Behavior?
Youth violence remains a significant public health issue. The decline of youth violence notwithstanding, it remains a significant public health issue that requires attention.Youth homicide remains the number one cause of death for African-American youth between 14 and 24 years old, and the number two cause for all children in this age group.
About Adverse Childhood Experiences
Adverse childhood experiences, or ACEs, are potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood (0-17 years). Examples include: 1. Experiencing violence, abuse, or neglect. Witnessing violence in the home or community. Having a family member attempt or die by suicide.
Springfield students honored in writing challenge about community violence
Middle schooler Adolfo Cruz Jr. shared his insight from part of his essay for the program. "In order to stop youth violence, we have to first look at the kids who are invisible from others, when ...
Nonprofit trying to curb youth violence at end of school year
Latest headlines | DOJ files antitrust lawsuit against Ticketmaster's parent company Live Nation. 1/200. Watch on. Nonprofit Struggle of Love said they are placing counselors inside some schools ...
Flag of Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast, Russia : r/vexillology
596K subscribers in the vexillology community. A subreddit for those who enjoy learning about flags, their place in society past and present, and…
Summer in Kansas City means a youth curfew as mayor begs residents to
Kansas City Police and Mayor Quinton Lucas on Friday pointed to a "focused deterrence" plan, youth curfews and community partnerships to hopefully cut down on the city's chronic gun violence.
Domestic violence prevention advocate Conor Pall 'won't stop fighting
Youth Affairs Council of Victoria's head of rural, Derm Ryan, said in terms of family violence reforms, it was crucial to hear from young people with lived experience.
St. Paul: Youth programming prevents gun violence, leaders say
St. Paul's ONS awarded $478,800 in gun violence prevention grants last year to community organizations — three have received funding and others are in the process of signing contracts. Another ...
OJJDP FY24 National Youth Violence Prevention Training and Technical
With this solicitation, OJJDP seeks to build on its history and leadership in addressing youth violence prevention by providing the field and practitioners with comprehensive resources and training materials through the OJJDP National Youth Violence Prevention Training and Technical Assistance (TTA) Program.
Young U.S. couple among 3missionaries killed in Haiti violence : NPR
A young couple from the U.S. were among 3 missionaries killed in Haiti violence. Davy and Natalie Lloyd were among three missionaries killed in Haiti after being ambushed at the Port-au-Prince ...
Engaging Communities in Youth Violence Prevention: Introduction and
To this end, CDC's Division of Violence Prevention funded five Youth Violence Prevention Centers (YVPCs) in 2015‒2016. The five currently funded YVPCs work with their communities to develop, implement, and evaluate YV prevention strategies intended to target prevention at the outer layers of the SEM (i.e., community and society; https://bit ...

Youth Violence

Youth Violence Statistics

Causes of Youth Violence

Effects of Youth Violence

How To Prevent Youth Violence

More on Youth Violence from OJP

Engaging Communities in Youth Violence Prevention: Introduction and Contents

HISTORY OF THE YOUTH VIOLENCE PREVENTION CENTERS

TABLE 1—

CONTEXT FOR THIS SUPPLEMENT

SUMMARY OF CONTENTS

CONTRIBUTORS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

80 Youth Violence Essay Topics & Examples

🏆 Youth Violence Essay Examples

Social media’s role in the rise of youth violence

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Essay on Youth Violence

100 Words Essay on Youth Violence

Causes of Youth Violence

Effects of Youth Violence

Preventing Youth Violence

250 Words Essay on Youth Violence

Root Causes

Implications

Prevention Strategies

500 Words Essay on Youth Violence

The Underlying Causes of Youth Violence

The Impact of Youth Violence

Conclusion: A Call to Action

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Causes of Youth Violence

Media Influence

Communities and Neighborhoods

Domestic Violence and Child Abuse

Insufficient Parental Supervision

Peer Pressure

Drug and Alcohol Use

Traumatic Events

Mental Illness

Essays on Youth Violence

Importance ... Read More Brief Description of Youth Violence

Tips on Choosing a Good Topic

Essay Topics

Concluding Thought

Violence Among Teenagers

Youth Violence: Addressing The Issue and Seeking Solutions

Analysis of The Cause and Effect of School Violence

Bullying in Schools: Causes, Effects, and Solutions

Do Video Games Influence Violent Behavior?

Youth violence remains a significant public health issue

Studies support a link between violent video games and aggressive behavior

Violent video games may increase precursors to violent behavior, such as bullying

Should video games be regulated?

Violent behavior is determined by many factors

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What are adverse childhood experiences?

Quick facts and stats

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Springfield students honored in writing challenge about community violence

Summer in Kansas City means a youth curfew as mayor begs residents to 'put the guns down'

Police and Mayor Quinton Lucas say a focus on deterrence, community partners and youth curfews could help stem the record violence of last year, when there were seven homicides over Memorial Day weekend.

Domestic violence prevention advocate Conor Pall 'won't stop fighting' for children amid national crisis

Excluded from family violence orders

Harnessing lived experience for advocacy

Young people need to be 'centre' of change

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