• Privacy Policy
  • SignUp/Login

Research Method

Home » Exploratory Research – Types, Methods and Examples

Exploratory Research – Types, Methods and Examples

Table of Contents

Exploratory Research

Exploratory Research

Definition:

Exploratory research is a type of research design that is used to investigate a research question when the researcher has limited knowledge or understanding of the topic or phenomenon under study.

The primary objective of exploratory research is to gain insights and gather preliminary information that can help the researcher better define the research problem and develop hypotheses or research questions for further investigation.

Exploratory Research Methods

There are several types of exploratory research, including:

Literature Review

This involves conducting a comprehensive review of existing published research, scholarly articles, and other relevant literature on the research topic or problem. It helps to identify the gaps in the existing knowledge and to develop new research questions or hypotheses.

Pilot Study

A pilot study is a small-scale preliminary study that helps the researcher to test research procedures, instruments, and data collection methods. This type of research can be useful in identifying any potential problems or issues with the research design and refining the research procedures for a larger-scale study.

This involves an in-depth analysis of a particular case or situation to gain insights into the underlying causes, processes, and dynamics of the issue under investigation. It can be used to develop a more comprehensive understanding of a complex problem, and to identify potential research questions or hypotheses.

Focus Groups

Focus groups involve a group discussion that is conducted to gather opinions, attitudes, and perceptions from a small group of individuals about a particular topic. This type of research can be useful in exploring the range of opinions and attitudes towards a topic, identifying common themes or patterns, and generating ideas for further research.

Expert Opinion

This involves consulting with experts or professionals in the field to gain their insights, expertise, and opinions on the research topic. This type of research can be useful in identifying the key issues and concerns related to the topic, and in generating ideas for further research.

Observational Research

Observational research involves gathering data by observing people, events, or phenomena in their natural settings to gain insights into behavior and interactions. This type of research can be useful in identifying patterns of behavior and interactions, and in generating hypotheses or research questions for further investigation.

Open-ended Surveys

Open-ended surveys allow respondents to provide detailed and unrestricted responses to questions, providing valuable insights into their attitudes, opinions, and perceptions. This type of research can be useful in identifying common themes or patterns, and in generating ideas for further research.

Data Analysis Methods

Exploratory Research Data Analysis Methods are as follows:

Content Analysis

This method involves analyzing text or other forms of data to identify common themes, patterns, and trends. It can be useful in identifying patterns in the data and developing hypotheses or research questions. For example, if the researcher is analyzing social media posts related to a particular topic, content analysis can help identify the most frequently used words, hashtags, and topics.

Thematic Analysis

This method involves identifying and analyzing patterns or themes in qualitative data such as interviews or focus groups. The researcher identifies recurring themes or patterns in the data and then categorizes them into different themes. This can be helpful in identifying common patterns or themes in the data and developing hypotheses or research questions. For example, a thematic analysis of interviews with healthcare professionals about patient care may identify themes related to communication, patient satisfaction, and quality of care.

Cluster Analysis

This method involves grouping data points into clusters based on their similarities or differences. It can be useful in identifying patterns in large datasets and grouping similar data points together. For example, if the researcher is analyzing customer data to identify different customer segments, cluster analysis can be used to group similar customers together based on their demographic, purchasing behavior, or preferences.

Network Analysis

This method involves analyzing the relationships and connections between data points. It can be useful in identifying patterns in complex datasets with many interrelated variables. For example, if the researcher is analyzing social network data, network analysis can help identify the most influential users and their connections to other users.

Grounded Theory

This method involves developing a theory or explanation based on the data collected during the exploratory research process. The researcher develops a theory or explanation that is grounded in the data, rather than relying on pre-existing theories or assumptions. This can be helpful in developing new theories or explanations that are supported by the data.

Applications of Exploratory Research

Exploratory research has many practical applications across various fields. Here are a few examples:

  • Marketing Research : In marketing research, exploratory research can be used to identify consumer needs, preferences, and behavior. It can also help businesses understand market trends and identify new market opportunities.
  • Product Development: In product development, exploratory research can be used to identify customer needs and preferences, as well as potential design flaws or issues. This can help companies improve their product offerings and develop new products that better meet customer needs.
  • Social Science Research: In social science research, exploratory research can be used to identify new areas of study, as well as develop new theories and hypotheses. It can also be used to identify potential research methods and approaches.
  • Healthcare Research : In healthcare research, exploratory research can be used to identify new treatments, therapies, and interventions. It can also be used to identify potential risk factors or causes of health problems.
  • Education Research: In education research, exploratory research can be used to identify new teaching methods and approaches, as well as identify potential areas of study for further research. It can also be used to identify potential barriers to learning or achievement.

Examples of Exploratory Research

Here are some more examples of exploratory research from different fields:

  • Social Science : A researcher wants to study the experience of being a refugee, but there is limited existing research on this topic. The researcher conducts exploratory research by conducting in-depth interviews with refugees to better understand their experiences, challenges, and needs.
  • Healthcare : A medical researcher wants to identify potential risk factors for a rare disease but there is limited information available. The researcher conducts exploratory research by reviewing medical records and interviewing patients and their families to identify potential risk factors.
  • Education : A teacher wants to develop a new teaching method to improve student engagement, but there is limited information on effective teaching methods. The teacher conducts exploratory research by reviewing existing literature and interviewing other teachers to identify potential approaches.
  • Technology : A software developer wants to develop a new app, but is unsure about the features that users would find most useful. The developer conducts exploratory research by conducting surveys and focus groups to identify user preferences and needs.
  • Environmental Science : An environmental scientist wants to study the impact of a new industrial plant on the surrounding environment, but there is limited existing research. The scientist conducts exploratory research by collecting and analyzing soil and water samples, and conducting interviews with residents to better understand the impact of the plant on the environment and the community.

How to Conduct Exploratory Research

Here are the general steps to conduct exploratory research:

  • Define the research problem: Identify the research problem or question that you want to explore. Be clear about the objective and scope of the research.
  • Review existing literature: Conduct a review of existing literature and research on the topic to identify what is already known and where gaps in knowledge exist.
  • Determine the research design : Decide on the appropriate research design, which will depend on the nature of the research problem and the available resources. Common exploratory research designs include case studies, focus groups, interviews, and surveys.
  • Collect data: Collect data using the chosen research design. This may involve conducting interviews, surveys, or observations, or collecting data from existing sources such as archives or databases.
  • Analyze data: Analyze the data collected using appropriate qualitative or quantitative techniques. This may include coding and categorizing qualitative data, or running descriptive statistics on quantitative data.
  • I nterpret and report findings: Interpret the findings of the analysis and report them in a way that is clear and understandable. The report should summarize the findings, discuss their implications, and make recommendations for further research or action.
  • Iterate : If necessary, refine the research question and repeat the process of data collection and analysis to further explore the topic.

When to use Exploratory Research

Exploratory research is appropriate in situations where there is limited existing knowledge or understanding of a topic, and where the goal is to generate insights and ideas that can guide further research. Here are some specific situations where exploratory research may be particularly useful:

  • New product development: When developing a new product, exploratory research can be used to identify consumer needs and preferences, as well as potential design flaws or issues.
  • Emerging technologies: When exploring emerging technologies, exploratory research can be used to identify potential uses and applications, as well as potential challenges or limitations.
  • Developing research hypotheses: When developing research hypotheses, exploratory research can be used to identify potential relationships or patterns that can be further explored through more rigorous research methods.
  • Understanding complex phenomena: When trying to understand complex phenomena, such as human behavior or societal trends, exploratory research can be used to identify underlying patterns or factors that may be influencing the phenomenon.
  • Developing research methods : When developing new research methods, exploratory research can be used to identify potential issues or limitations with existing methods, and to develop new methods that better capture the phenomena of interest.

Purpose of Exploratory Research

The purpose of exploratory research is to gain insights and understanding of a research problem or question where there is limited existing knowledge or understanding. The objective is to explore and generate ideas that can guide further research, rather than to test specific hypotheses or make definitive conclusions.

Exploratory research can be used to:

  • Identify new research questions: Exploratory research can help to identify new research questions and areas of inquiry, by providing initial insights and understanding of a topic.
  • Develop hypotheses: Exploratory research can help to develop hypotheses and testable propositions that can be further explored through more rigorous research methods.
  • Identify patterns and trends : Exploratory research can help to identify patterns and trends in data, which can be used to guide further research or decision-making.
  • Understand complex phenomena: Exploratory research can help to provide a deeper understanding of complex phenomena, such as human behavior or societal trends, by identifying underlying patterns or factors that may be influencing the phenomena.
  • Generate ideas: Exploratory research can help to generate new ideas and insights that can be used to guide further research, innovation, or decision-making.

Characteristics of Exploratory Research

The following are the main characteristics of exploratory research:

  • Flexible and open-ended : Exploratory research is characterized by its flexible and open-ended nature, which allows researchers to explore a wide range of ideas and perspectives without being constrained by specific research questions or hypotheses.
  • Qualitative in nature : Exploratory research typically relies on qualitative methods, such as in-depth interviews, focus groups, or observation, to gather rich and detailed data on the research problem.
  • Limited scope: Exploratory research is generally limited in scope, focusing on a specific research problem or question, rather than attempting to provide a comprehensive analysis of a broader phenomenon.
  • Preliminary in nature : Exploratory research is preliminary in nature, providing initial insights and understanding of a research problem, rather than testing specific hypotheses or making definitive conclusions.
  • I terative process : Exploratory research is often an iterative process, where the research design and methods may be refined and adjusted as new insights and understanding are gained.
  • I nductive approach : Exploratory research typically takes an inductive approach to data analysis, seeking to identify patterns and relationships in the data that can guide further research or hypothesis development.

Advantages of Exploratory Research

The following are some advantages of exploratory research:

  • Provides initial insights: Exploratory research is useful for providing initial insights and understanding of a research problem or question where there is limited existing knowledge or understanding. It can help to identify patterns, relationships, and potential hypotheses that can guide further research.
  • Flexible and adaptable : Exploratory research is flexible and adaptable, allowing researchers to adjust their methods and approach as they gain new insights and understanding of the research problem.
  • Qualitative methods : Exploratory research typically relies on qualitative methods, such as in-depth interviews, focus groups, and observation, which can provide rich and detailed data that is useful for gaining insights into complex phenomena.
  • Cost-effective : Exploratory research is often less costly than other research methods, such as large-scale surveys or experiments. It is typically conducted on a smaller scale, using fewer resources and participants.
  • Useful for hypothesis generation : Exploratory research can be useful for generating hypotheses and testable propositions that can be further explored through more rigorous research methods.
  • Provides a foundation for further research: Exploratory research can provide a foundation for further research by identifying potential research questions and areas of inquiry, as well as providing initial insights and understanding of the research problem.

Limitations of Exploratory Research

The following are some limitations of exploratory research:

  • Limited generalizability: Exploratory research is typically conducted on a small scale and uses non-random sampling techniques, which limits the generalizability of the findings to a broader population.
  • Subjective nature: Exploratory research relies on qualitative methods and is therefore subject to researcher bias and interpretation. The findings may be influenced by the researcher’s own perceptions, beliefs, and assumptions.
  • Lack of rigor: Exploratory research is often less rigorous than other research methods, such as experimental research, which can limit the validity and reliability of the findings.
  • Limited ability to test hypotheses: Exploratory research is not designed to test specific hypotheses, but rather to generate initial insights and understanding of a research problem. It may not be suitable for testing well-defined research questions or hypotheses.
  • Time-consuming : Exploratory research can be time-consuming and resource-intensive, particularly if the researcher needs to gather data from multiple sources or conduct multiple rounds of data collection.
  • Difficulty in interpretation: The open-ended nature of exploratory research can make it difficult to interpret the findings, particularly if the researcher is unable to identify clear patterns or relationships in the data.

About the author

' src=

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

You may also like

Case Study Research

Case Study – Methods, Examples and Guide

Qualitative Research

Qualitative Research – Methods, Analysis Types...

Descriptive Research Design

Descriptive Research Design – Types, Methods and...

Qualitative Research Methods

Qualitative Research Methods

Basic Research

Basic Research – Types, Methods and Examples

One-to-One Interview in Research

One-to-One Interview – Methods and Guide

MBA Notesworld

Notes for the mba student.

  • February 21, 2024 | Tips for Writing an Effective and Attention-grabbing Press Release
  • August 30, 2023 | Concept of RVN Mining and its Varieties
  • August 5, 2023 | Buying Gold Basics
  • April 25, 2023 | How to Buy and Sell Cryptocurrency with DeFiway
  • August 5, 2021 | Meaning Of Financial Analysis In Business

Defining the Problem and Research Objectives

Posted By: MbaNotesWorld January 14, 2009

The marketing research process has four steps: defining the problem and research objectives, developing the research plan, implementing the research plan, and interpreting and reporting the findings.

Defining the problem and research objectives is often the hardest step in the research process. The manager may know that something is wrong, without knowing the specific causes.

For example, managers of a large discount retail store chain hastily decided that falling sales were caused by poor advertising, and they ordered research to test the company’s advertising. When this research showed that current advertising was reaching the right people with the right message, the managers were puzzled. It turned out that the real problem was that the chain was not delivering the prices, products, and service promised in the advertising. Careful problem definition would have avoided the cost and delay of doing advertising research. In the classic New Coke case, Coca-Cola defined its research problem too narrowly, with disastrous results.

After the problem has been defined carefully, the manager and researcher must set the research objectives. A marketing research project might have one of three types of objectives.

The objective of exploratory research is to gather preliminary information that will help define the problem and suggest hypotheses.

The objective of descriptive research is to describe things such as the market potential for a product or the demographics and attitudes of consumers who buy the product.

The objective of causal research is to test hypotheses about cause-and-effect relationships.

For example, would a 10 percent decrease in tuition at a private college result in an enrollment increase sufficient to offset the reduced tuition? Managers often start with exploratory research and later follow with descriptive or causal research.

Be the first to comment on "Defining the Problem and Research Objectives"

Leave a comment cancel reply.

Your email address will not be published.

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed .

Defining the Problem and Research Objectives

Marketing managers and researchers must work closely together to define the problem and agree on research objectives. The manager best understands the decision for which information is needed; the researcher best understands marketing research and how to obtain

Defining Research Objectives

Exploratory research

Marketing research to gather preliminary information that will help define problems and suggest hypotheses.

Descriptive research

Marketing research to better describe marketing problems, situations, or markets, such as the market potential for a product or the demographics and attitudes of consumers.

Causal research

Marketing research to test hypotheses about cause-and-effect relationships.

Research Objectives And Problems

the information. Defining the problem and research objectives is often the hardest step in the research process. The manager may know that something is wrong, without knowing the specific causes.

After the problem has been defined carefully, the manager and researcher must set the research objectives. A marketing research project might have one of three types of objectives. The objective of exploratory research is to gather preliminary information that will help define the problem and suggest hypotheses. The objective of descriptive research is to describe things, such as the market potential for a product or the demographics and attitudes of consumers who buy the product. The objective of causal research is to test hypotheses about cause-and-effect relationships. For example, would a 10 percent decrease in tuition at a private college result in an enrollment increase sufficient to offset the reduced tuition? Managers often start with exploratory research and later follow with descriptive or causal research.

The statement of the problem and research objectives guides the entire research process. The manager and researcher should put the statement in writing to be certain that they agree on the purpose and expected results of the research.

Continue reading here: Gathering Secondary Data

Was this article helpful?

Recommended Books

  • The Power of Customer Relationship Management: Achieving Maximum Value from CRM
  • CRM at the Speed of Light: Capturing and Keeping Customers in Internet Real Time
  • The CRM Handbook: A Business Guide to Customer Relationship Management
  • The 1-Page Marketing Plan: Get New Customers, Make More Money, and Stand Out from the Crowd
  • The New Rules of Marketing and PR: How to Use Social Media, Online Video, Mobile Applications, Blogs, News Releases, and Viral Marketing to Reach Buyers Directly

Related Posts

  • Marketing Intelligence - Customer Relationships
  • Exploratory research design
  • Introduction to marketing research Scientific research approach and Problem definition
  • Nonpersonal Communication Channels
  • Figure 3.1 Actors In The Microenvironment
  • Products Services and Experiences

Readers' Questions

Why is defining the problem considered the most difficult step of the marketing research process?
Defining the problem is considered the most difficult step of the marketing research process for several reasons: Lack of clarity: Often, the problem may not be clearly articulated or defined by the stakeholders. They may have a general sense of an issue or challenge but may struggle to identify and articulate the specific problem. This lack of clarity makes it difficult for researchers to determine the scope and objectives of the research. Multiple perspectives: Different stakeholders may have different perspectives on the problem, leading to conflicting opinions and objectives. Aligning these diverse perspectives and defining a problem that satisfies all parties involved can be challenging. Complexity: Marketing problems are often complex and multifaceted, involving a variety of factors such as market trends, consumer preferences, competitive landscapes, and internal organizational dynamics. Navigating through this complexity and identifying the core problem can be challenging. Identifying the root cause: Sometimes, the perceived problem may be a symptom of an underlying issue. Researchers need to delve deeper to identify the root cause of the problem, which may require additional investigation and analysis. Limited resources: Conducting marketing research can be time-consuming, expensive, and resource-intensive. Organizations may have constraints in terms of budget, time, or expertise, which can add to the difficulty of defining the problem accurately. Unforeseen factors: External factors such as changing market conditions, technological advancements, or regulatory changes may impact the problem definition. Such unforeseen factors can further complicate the process of defining the problem. Overall, the difficulty in defining the problem arises from the complexities and uncertainties inherent in the marketing environment and the need to align stakeholders with diverse perspectives and objectives.
How are research objectives related to the research problem?
Research objectives are closely related to the research problem in that they provide a way to address the problem. Research objectives provide a roadmap for the researcher to follow and identify specific goals that need to be accomplished in order to answer the research problem. By helping to identify specific objectives, research objectives help to focus the research and make sure that the researcher is effectively addressing the research problem. They also provide a means by which to measure the success or failure of the research project.
What is the link between your research problem, research objectives and conceptual model?
The research problem and objectives help to define the scope of the study and form the basis of the conceptual model. The research problem and objectives provide the context within which the conceptual model is structured and the variables that it needs to include. The conceptual model then provides a framework for analyzing and understanding the relationships between the variables, which in turn helps to provide an answer to the research problem.
What is the difference between research questions and research objectives?
Research questions are the questions that are used to start the research process and provide direction for gathering information. Research objectives are the specific goals or aims that the researcher is trying to achieve in order to answer the research question.
What is the difference between research questions and research objective?
Research questions are specific, narrowly focused questions used to explore a specific topic or issue. They are used to develop the research plan and guide the actual research. Research objectives are statements of the purpose of the research. They provide the direction of the research and state the expected outcomes. Research objectives are broader and more general than research questions.
Which of the following is the objective of causal research?
To identify relationships between different variables and determine cause and effect
What are the three types of objectives a marketing research project might have?
Exploratory: This type of objective seeks to generate insights and understanding of a particular phenomenon or problem. Descriptive: This type of objective is used to describe the characteristics of a particular population or market. Predictive: This type of objective seeks to predict future trends and behaviours in a market or population.
What are the three types of research objectives?
Exploratory objectives: To identify new issues, uncover trends, and explore unknown areas. Descriptive objectives: To quantify the characteristics of a population or phenomenon. Causal objectives: To determine cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
What is the difference between the "problem" and the "research objective" in marketing research?
The problem in marketing research is a statement of what is determined to be the issue at hand. The research objective is a statement of the research goal or purpose of the study and how it will be accomplished. The problem defines what needs to be investigated, while the research objective states how the problem will be addressed or solved.
Is objective of the study in reserch is referred to as problem definition?
No, problem definition is the first step that researchers take in the research process. The objective of the study is the goal or purpose of the research, which is usually stated as a research question or hypothesis.
Why define a research problem determination of the objective and intention?
Defining a research problem, determining the objective, and intention are crucial steps in the research process. These steps help researchers identify the scope and purpose of their study and guide them in conducting a focused and systematic investigation. Here's why each step is important: Define a research problem: A research problem provides a clear statement of the issue or question that the researcher wants to address. It helps in narrowing down the study's subject matter, focusing on a specific area of interest, and ensuring that the research has a clear direction. Defining a research problem helps in formulating research questions as well as setting boundaries and limitations for the study. Determine the objective: The objective highlights the desired outcome or purpose of the research. It outlines what the researcher intends to achieve through the study. Determining the objective helps in refining the research problem further, as it specifies the goals, targets, or results that are expected to be obtained. Additionally, the objective sets the context for the study and provides a framework for conducting the research. Intention: The intention refers to the researcher's motivation or reason for conducting the study. It helps in understanding why the research is being undertaken. The intention could be to contribute to the existing body of knowledge, address a specific societal problem, test a hypothesis, explore a new concept, or provide practical recommendations for decision-making. Clarifying the intention helps in deducing the significance and relevance of the research, as well as understanding the overall purpose behind the study. By defining a research problem, determining the objective, and intention, researchers can ensure that their study has a clear focus, aligns with their goals, and has a purpose that contributes to the broader academic or practical context. These steps also enable researchers to communicate the essence of their research clearly and guide the entire research process, from data collection to analysis and interpretation of results.
What are body of objectives the problem of resaerch?
The body of objectives in a research problem statement should include a summary of the current problem, the desired result, and the proposed solution. Specifically, it should explain the current issue, describe the desired outcome, suggest potential strategies or solutions, and identify any potential barriers or challenges to reaching the desired outcome.
What is Research objectives images?
Research objectives images are visual representations of research objectives. They typically include diagrams, infographics, or other graphic depictions that make it easier to understand and visualize the research objectives. Research objectives images can be used to help communicate the objectives of the research and make them easier to explain to stakeholders.
How do you difine research ?
Research is the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. It is an organized and objective analysis of a subject in order to discover, interpret, or revise facts, events, behaviors, or theories.
How to define the problem and research objectives?
Defining the problem and research objectives involves asking questions to identify the issue that needs to be addressed, determining the purpose of the study, and establishing clear and measurable outcomes that can be evaluated. It involves carefully defining the research questions, examining the existing literature and studies, and considering the resources and manpower needed to conduct the research. Additionally, objectives should be SMART: specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timely.
What is the problem of marketing research objective?
The main problem with marketing research objectives is that they can be difficult to identify and measure accurately. Additionally, marketing research objectives need to be carefully crafted to ensure that the data collected is useful and actionable. Finally, there is a cost associated with doing marketing research, which can make it difficult to justify the expenditure.
When the problem has been defined ,the manager and researcher must set?
objectives for the research project.the objectives can vary depending on the type of research being undertaken,but should be measurable and specific. Objectives of a Market Research Project: 1. Identify and analyze the target market for a new product. 2. Determine potential customer awareness and attitudes towards the new product. 3. Analyze competitors and their offering in the market. 4. Establish the likely effectiveness of various marketing strategies. 5. Estimate the likely return on investment for various marketing campaigns. Objectives of a Social Research Project: Determine the root causes of a social issue. Identify and analyze societal attitudes towards the issue. Evaluate the effectiveness of existing policies related to the issue. Analyze potential policy solutions to the issue. Establish the likely impact of any proposed policies.

logo

Have an account?

Quiz image

Cash Flow Forecast

Market research, consumer credit workplace essentials, 10.5k plays, 9th -  12th  .

pencil-icon

Principles of Marketing Chap 4

User image

50 questions

Player avatar

With the recent explosion of information technologies, ________.

A) most marketing managers are overloaded with data and often overwhelmed by it

B) most marketing managers are concerned solely about the duplication of content

C) companies have ceased to feel the need for marketing information systems

D) companies have ceased to maintain internal databases

E) it has become more difficult and expensive to obtain primary data

The real value of marketing information lies in how it is used ________.

A) in determining selling prices for products

B) in analyzing budgets

C) in creating advertising campaigns

D) in the customer insights that it provides

E) in introducing a new product to the marketplace

Brad works with a reputable retailer and leads a team that collects market information from a wide variety of sources ranging from marketing research studies to monitoring online conversations where consumers discuss Brad's firm or its products. Brad's team uses this information to arrive at a better understanding of consumers' behavior and their buying motives. This, in turn, allows Brad's firm to successfully generate more value for consumers. Brad leads the ________ team.

A) product development

B) strategy implementation

C) human resource

D) customer relationship management

E) customer insights

The term big data refers to the ________ generated by today's sophisticated information generation, collection, storage, and analysis technologies.

A) large reports

B) huge and complex data sets

C) information requests

D) social media contacts

E) e-mail messages

Challenges of managing big data include ________.

A) determining what information to request

B) investing in appropriate technology

C) hiring enough software engineers

D) properly routing the information after gathering it

E) accessing and sifting through so much data

A(n) ________ consists of people and procedures dedicated to assessing information needs, developing the needed information, and helping decision-makers use the information to generate and validate actionable customer and market insights.

A) enterprise planning system

B) enterprise information system

C) marketing information system

D) corporate performance management system

E) geographic information system

An MIS is used to ________.

A) generate product interest

B) develop marketing plans

C) identify demographic trends

D) assess information needs

E) test hypotheses about cause-and-effect relationships

An MIS user should most likely be able to ________.

A) implement new technology

B) increase order requests

C) develop customer insights

D) analyze employee turnover

E) establish short-term objectives

The market researchers at HoneyCamp Foods gather daily sales data and sort it by product line and region. With the help of sophisticated tools and techniques, they develop the data needed by marketing managers to evaluate the market share of the company's different products and also to gain valuable market insights. This mix of people and procedures at HoneyCamp Foods that generate actionable marketing insights represents a(n) ________.

B) product mix

C) strategic planning system

D) marketing information system

E) business portfolio

With the recent explosion of information technologies, companies are finding it difficult to generate marketing information in great quantities.

The real value of marketing research lies in the customer insights that it provides.

With current technology systems, marketers find it simple to access and sift through the data that is gathered.

A management information system assesses information needs, develops needed information, and helps decision-makers use the information.

A good marketing information system balances the information users ________ to have against what they ________ and what is ________ to offer.

A) request; want; affordable

B) demand; should request; time-efficient

C) want; are unaware of; the newest technology

D) would like; need; feasible

E) don't need; can afford; available

Costs are involved in obtaining, ________, storing, and delivering information.

A) analyzing

B) interviewing

C) conducting

D) designing

E) reporting

Kei, a senior marketing manager of a pizzeria in North Florida, is currently researching electronic collections of consumer information within the company network to arrive at crucial marketing decisions. In this instance, Kei is using ________.

A) ethnographic research

B) internal databases

C) descriptive research

D) data warehouses

E) causal research

Information in a company's database can come from many sources. An advantage of harnessing such information is to ________.

A) eliminate employee turnover

B) achieve a high degree of employee empowerment

C) gain competitive advantage

D) gain access to mass markets

E) eliminate resource dependency

Which of the following is an advantage of using an internal database?

A) Data always remains current in internal databases.

B) Highly sophisticated equipment and techniques are not required for maintaining internal databases.

C) Internal databases can be accessed more quickly and cheaply than other information sources.

D) Internal databases require fewer maintenance efforts.

E) Information obtained from internal databases is almost always sufficient for making marketing decisions.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using information from internal databases?

A) Obtaining information from internal databases is both time-consuming as well as expensive.

B) It is not possible to verify information obtained from internal databases.

C) Using information from internal databases leads to biased research findings.

D) Internal information may be incomplete or in the wrong form for making marketing decisions.

E) Internal databases do not support highly sophisticated technologies that make it difficult to store large volumes of data.

Problems with internal databases include all of the following EXCEPT that ________.

A) data ages quickly

B) the data is in the wrong form for making marketing decisions

C) managing and mining mountains of information require sophisticated equipment

D) keeping a database current requires a major effort

E) information can be accessed more cheaply

________ is the systematic collection and analysis of publicly available information about consumers, competitors, and developments in the marketing environment.

A) Data warehousing

B) Competitive marketing intelligence

C) SWOT analysis

D) Ethnographic research

E) Customer relationship management

The marketing department of a reputable firm wants to improve strategic decision-making, track the actions of other players in the market, and provide early warning of opportunities and threats. Which of the following would help the firm achieve its objectives?

B) strategic planning

C) data warehousing

D) competitive marketing intelligence

E) customer relationship management

Which of the following statements is true regarding competitive marketing intelligence?

A) The advantage of using competitive marketing intelligence is negligible.

B) The goal of competitive marketing intelligence is to improve recruiting efforts.

C) Competitive marketing intelligence relies upon costly internal databases.

D) Competitive marketing intelligence relies upon publicly available information.

E) Companies using competitive marketing intelligence routinely ignore consumers' online

Which of the following is NOT a method of gathering good marketing intelligence?

A) sending out teams of trained observers to mingle with customers

B) interviewing competitors' employees to learn as much "inside information" as possible

C) setting up digital centers that monitor brand-related online consumer and marketplace activity

D) purchasing merchandise from competing sites to analyze and compare their assortment, speed, and service quality

E) searching specific competitor names, events, or trends to see what comes up

Which of the following refers to a marketing intelligence technique?

A) interviewing customers randomly

B) increasing the annual budget for R&D

C) investing heavily in primary research

D) implementing product diversification

E) benchmarking competitors' products

Firms use competitive marketing intelligence to ________.

A) create and sustain market monopolies

B) counter the adverse effects of organizational anarchy

C) perpetuate organizational learning

D) gain early warnings of competitor moves and strategies

E) strengthen weak ties with industry competitors

The goal of competitive marketing intelligence is to evaluate and prevent high employee turnover.

External databases are electronic collections of consumer and market information obtained from data sources within a company's network

Internal databases usually can be accessed more quickly and cheaply than other information sources

Data ages quickly.

Internal information is almost always sufficient for making marketing decisions.

Competitive marketing intelligence is the systematic collection and analysis of publicly available information about consumers, competitors, and developments in the marketplace.

Competitor intelligence can be collected from people inside the company, such as executives, engineers, purchasing agents, and the sales force, as well as customers.

________ is the systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data relevant to a specific marketing situation facing an organization.

A) Product marketing

B) Strategic planning

C) Marketing research

D) Market segmentation

E) Causal research

Which of the following is true with regard to marketing research?

A) The marketing research process depends primarily on sophisticated internal databases.

B) The marketing research process requires assessing macroeconomic forces.

C) Marketing research gives marketers insights into customer motivations.

D) Marketing research eliminates the need for a SWOT analysis.

E) Marketing research is a simple two-step process.

Which of the following is the first step in the marketing research process?

A) developing a marketing information system

B) defining the problem and objectives of the study

C) developing the research plan

D) implementing the research plan

E) interpreting and reporting the findings

Which of the following is the final step of the marketing research process?

A) developing the research plan

B) implementing the research plan

C) interpreting and reporting the findings

D) selecting a research agency

E) defining the research objectives

The objective of causal research is to ________.

A) test hypotheses about cause-and-effect relationships

B) gather preliminary information that will help suggest hypotheses

C) describe things, such as the market potential for a product

D) assign a cause to a seemingly random event

E) predict the effect of a random event on unrelated entities

In ________ research, the objective is to gather preliminary information that will help define the problem and suggest hypotheses.

A) exploratory

B) statistical

D) analytic

E) descriptive

The goal of ________ research is to describe things, such as the market potential for a product or the demographics and attitudes of consumers who buy the product.

Akira Takano, a marketing manager, is about to test the hypothesis that the sale of a particular product will increase exponentially if there is a $5 drop in the selling price of the product. Akira is involved in ________ research.

B) descriptive

D) constructive

E) ethnographic

Which of the following types of research would be best suited for understanding the attitudes of consumers who buy a particular brand of soft drink?

A) internal research

B) descriptive research

C) causal research

D) exploratory research

E) demographic research

Beth Williams works for a marketing research company in Chicago. Her current research involves finding the market potential for a client's new line of sports apparel. Given her objective, which of the following types of research is the most suitable for Beth?

A) causal research

B) constructive research

C) statistical research

D) descriptive research

E) exploratory research

The research plan ________.

A) provides comprehensive marketing intelligence about competitors

B) outlines sources of existing data and spells out the specific research approaches

C) does not include sampling plans

D) does not include contact methods

E) precedes the definition of research objectives

The research plan should be presented in a written proposal. The proposal should include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) the predicted results

B) research objectives

C) how the results will help management's decision making

D) estimated research costs

E) the information to be obtained

Secondary data consist of ________.

A) information collected for the specific purpose at hand

B) data that does not age

C) information that already exists somewhere, having been collected for another purpose

D) information collected from conducting personal, in-depth interviews

E) data that is unreliable and unsuitable for the purpose of making marketing decisions

Primary data consist of ________.

A) data that does not age

B) data obtained from the public domain

C) information collected for the specific purpose at hand

D) information that already exists somewhere, having been collected for another purpose

E) information that is the least expensive and the easiest to obtain

Information collected from Internet search engines is an example of ________ data.

B) secondary

D) low-level

E) disposable

Commercial online databases are rich sources for obtaining ________.

A) primary data

B) secondary data

C) customer insights

D) low-level data

E) binary data

Which of the following is a valid source of secondary data?

A) personal letters and correspondence

B) Internet search engines

C) ethnographic research

D) direct surveys

E) interviews

Google Logo

Module 4: Research

Text: preliminary research strategies.

Gears showing the research process: define the topic, narrow the topic, gather background information, create a research question, find and evaluate sources, cite sources, and write the paper.

The first step towards writing a research paper is pretty obvious: find sources. Not everything that you find will be good, and those that are good are not always easily found.  Having an idea of what you’re looking for–what will most help you develop your essay and enforce your thesis–will help guide your process.

Example of a Research Process

A good research process should go through these steps:

  • Decide on the topic.
  • Narrow the topic in order to narrow search parameters.
  • Create a question that your research will address.
  • Generate sub-questions from your main question.
  • Determine what kind of sources are best for your argument.
  • Create a bibliography as you gather and reference sources.

Each of these is described in greater detail below.

Black and white photo of a stack of books and textbooks.

Books, books, books …Do not start research haphazardly—come up with a plan first.

Preliminary Research Strategies

A research plan should begin after you can clearly identify the focus of your argument. First, inform yourself about the basics of your topic (Wikipedia and general online searches are great starting points). Be sure you’ve read all the assigned texts and carefully read the prompt as you gather preliminary information.  This stage is sometimes called pre-research .

A broad online search will yield thousands of sources, which no one could be expected to read through. To make it easier on yourself, the next step is to narrow your focus. Think about what kind of position or stance you can take on the topic. What about it strikes you as most interesting? Refer back to the prewriting stage of the writing process, which will come in handy here.

Preliminary Search Tips

  • It is okay to start with Wikipedia as a reference, but do not use it as an official source. Look at the links and references at the bottom of the page for more ideas.
  • Use “Ctrl+F” to find certain words within a webpage in order to jump to the sections of the article that interest you.
  • Use quotation marks to narrow your search from just tanks in WWII to “Tanks in WWII” or “Tanks” in “WWII”.
  • Find specific types of websites by adding “site:.gov” or “site:.edu” or “site:.org”. You can also search for specific file types like “filetype:.pdf”.
  • Click on “Search Tools” under the search bar in Google and select “Any time” to see a list of options for time periods to help limit your search. You can find information just in the past month or year, or even for a custom range.

Google Search Tips screenshot showing the location of Search Tools below the google search bar (with the option to choose a timeframe below that) and advanced search in the right hand side of the screen under the settings option.

Use features already available through Google Search like Search Tools and Advanced Search to narrow and refine your results.

As you narrow your focus, create a list of questions that you’ll need to answer in order to write a good essay on the topic.  The research process will help you answer these questions.

Another part of your research plan should include the type of sources you want to gather. Keep track of these sources in a bibliography and jot down notes about the book, article, or document and how it will be useful to your essay. This will save you a lot of time later in the essay process–you’ll thank yourself!

Contribute!

Improve this page Learn More

  • Revision and Adaptation. Provided by : Lumen Learning. License : CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
  • The Research Process graphic. Authored by : Kim Louie for Lumen Learning. License : CC BY: Attribution
  • Organizing Your Research Plan. Provided by : Boundless. Located at : https://www.boundless.com/writing/textbooks/boundless-writing-textbook/the-research-process-2/organizing-your-research-plan-262/organizing-your-research-plan-51-1304/ . Project : Boundless Writing. License : CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike

Footer Logo Lumen Waymaker

  • Faculty & Research
  • Life at Duke Law
  • Faculty & Staff Directory
  • Event Calendar
  • Goodson Law Library
  • ABA Required Disclosures
  • Follow Duke Law Duke Law on Youtube Duke Law on Twitter Duke Law on Facebook Duke Law on Instagram
  • Return to start of menu
  • Juris Doctor
  • International LLM
  • Master of Judicial Studies
  • Dual Degrees
  • Areas of Focus
  • Public Interest & Pro Bono
  • Summer Institutes
  • PreLaw Fellowship Program
  • Admissions Contact
  • Academic Advising
  • Academic Calendar
  • Course Browser
  • Degree Requirements
  • Clinics and Externships
  • Legal Writing
  • Wintersession
  • Study Abroad
  • Registration Portal
  • Faculty Profiles
  • Scholarship
  • Visiting Assistant Professor Program
  • Faculty Workshops
  • Teaching & Learning
  • Student Resources
  • Student Organizations
  • Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
  • Student Events
  • Prospective Students
  • JD Students
  • International LLMs
  • Employment Data
  • Administration
  • A History of Duke Law School
  • Durham: The Bull City
  • Visiting Duke Law
  • Rules & Policies
  • News & Events
  • Alumni Benefits
  • Update Your Address
  • Event Refund Policy

210 Science Drive | Durham, NC 27708 | 919-613-7006

Casey Witte ’24 prevails in final round of the 2024 Dean’s Cup

Casey Witte ’24 won the third individual moot court competition of his Duke Law career, edging out Kyle Gantz ’24 in a case involving free speech and campus anti-bias initiatives

Casey Witte '24

Casey Witte ’24 prevailed in the final round of the 2024 Dean’s Cup moot court competition Tuesday night, successfully appealing a Fourth Circuit decision in Speech First, Inc. v. Sands , 69 F.4th 184 (4th Cir. 2023).

It was Witte’s third win in his Duke Law career as an individual moot court competitor. He won both the Jessup Cup and the Hardt Cup in his 1L year and was a member of the second place team in the 2022 Twiggs-Beskind Mock Trial Cup.

“Arguing in the final round with my friend Kyle [Gantz] was a fantastic experience that will stay with me long after I’ve left Duke Law," Witte said after the verdict.

Witte represented Speech First, a national student free speech organization that challenged the constitutionality of two anti-bias initiatives at Virginia Tech. Kyle Gantz ’24 argued for the respondent, Timothy Sands, the president of Virginia Tech. Dean Kerry Abrams introduced the program.

The two finalists presented before a fictional Supreme Court consisting of three federal judges: Julia Gibbons of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, who acted as chief justice; Sarah Merriam MJS ’18 of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit; and Andrew Oldham of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. 

Rendering the verdict in favor of Witte, the judges heaped praise on the two advocates.

“The level of skill and truly persuasive activity was at a level far higher than that of many — most, I would say — virtually all — of the experienced appellate advocates that we see,” said Gibbons, who acted as chief justice.

“I would love to see you all in our court. I would hire you as my own lawyer,” Oldham added. “Both of you are a huge testament to this law school. You did a really spectacular job.”

Gantz and Witte addressed two issues: whether Speech First has Article III standing to challenge Virginia Tech’s policy for allowing students to report incidents of bias to a panel of university administrators called the Bias Intervention and Response Team, and whether the university’s restrictions on leafletting and signature gathering violates the First Amendment.

“This is a case about two things: free speech and fear,” Witte opened. “Specifically, this is a case about students seeking to exercise their First Amendment right in the heart of the marketplace of ideas — the college campus — and how Virginia Tech both chills and abridges that freedom of speech through a complex regulatory scheme of implicit threats, indirect sanctions and prior restraints.”

Asking the judges to reverse the Fourth Circuit decision, he said the bias reporting protocol effectively chills speech “through its indirect sanctions, implicit threats and vague text.” The Bias Intervention and Response Team can not only send letters that could be construed as intimidating, Witte said, but also refer complaints against students to offices dealing with student conduct and student housing, creating the threat of various punishments including loss of housing.

“When a student receives a letter directly from the bias committee, someone that is either the dean of students or director of student conduct ... you can see that the message is clear to the reasonable college student regarding their speech: Stop it.”

Questioned whether the committee could do real harm to a student over a mere complaint, Witte replied, “The students all fear that they will be prosecuted under the bias committee because they want to speak ‘unpopular opinions about illegal immigration.’ And the bias committee has referred exactly that, in the past, to student conduct.”

He further argued for a preliminary injunction against the university’s activities policy regarding leafletting and petitions, saying it fails to meet the “objective, narrow, and definite standards” test required to overcome the First Amendment’s protection against prior restraint on speech and “fails to provide substantial alternative means of communication” required to overcome an unreasonable speech restriction.

“This court spoke clearly in McIntyre when it said, ‘There is no form of speech entitled to greater constitutional protection than the distribution of politically controversial leaflets,’ Witte said. “And that’s precisely what the students want to do here today.”

Dean Kerry Abrams with the finalists and judges

Arguing for Virginia Tech, Gantz told the panel that universities face constant demands on their space and resources, and the Bias Intervention and Response Team and informational activities policy were created to effectively allocate resources for speech. The bias incident policy merely provides a definition and doesn't say that engaging in such incidents can result in penalties, he said.

On the question of standing, “Speech First has not shown standing to challenge the team because the team cannot prohibit or compel speech or action, and lacks the threatening characteristics of the government commissions that have supported an Article III injury in previous cases,” Gantz said.

Further, he argued, the information policy is “a viewpoint-neutral and reasonable reservation system, not an unconstitutional prior restraint.”

Responding to questioning by Oldham, Gantz acknowledged that protected speech could come under the definition of a bias incident, but countered that the policy contains no prohibition or proscription on the speech.

“At Virginia Tech, that appears in the code of conduct or that appears in the criminal code of the jurisdiction. It does not appear in the bias incident (policy),” he said.

Merriam questioned why the university keeps records of bias incident complaints against students at all, calling the idea that a record could one day resurface and be used against a student  “a fearsome sanction.”

Universities necessarily document many different kinds of interactions with students, Gantz replied, and argued that fear of a future detrimental action resulting from such records does not meet the threshold for standing.

Responding to a question from Oldham, Gantz acknowledged that on two occasions the Bias Intervention and Response Team had referred a complaint against protected speech to the student conduct office, but that office had recognized the speech as protected and halted further action, providing a second level check on the bias team.

“Virginia Tech does not adjudicate protected speech,” Gantz asserted. “It's not what it exists to do. It's not what the team or the code of conduct office is trying to do.”

Returning from deliberations, Gibbons said the panel was sorry to have to choose a winner from two outstanding performances. But, she added, the quality of the advocates filled her with “great happiness and hope for the future of our profession."

“It's obvious how much how much time and effort you have put into this process. And we are grateful to you and to Duke for giving us this opportunity.”

Witte graduated from the University of Florida and has interned for Judge Robin Rosenberg JD/MA ’89 of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida. At Duke Law he has been active in the Moot Court Board, Government & Public Service Society, First Generation Professionals, and Law Students for Accessibility.

Gantz graduated from the University of California San Diego. At Duke Law he has been involved in the Clemency Project, Innocence Project, and Duke Law Journal, and has clerked for the Institute for Justice and worked as a summer associate at Jones Day.

“Dean’s Cup was a wonderful intellectual exercise, and I was honored to share the experience with my good friend, Casey Witte," Gantz said. "I am now convinced that my passion lies with the researching, writing, and arguing of appellate work.”

The Dean's Cup, initiated in 1963 by Deans E.R. Latty and J.D. Johnston, is Duke’s premier oral advocacy competition. Organized by the Moot Court Board for second- and third-year students, the competition centers around a case taught in the Appellate Practice class offered every fall.

This year, 28 competitors argued the first issue of standing in preliminary rounds judged by a panel of judges consisting of two faculty members, alumni, or local practitioners. Eight competitors who advanced to the semifinals submitted a brief on behalf of the party they were assigned and competed in four oral argument rounds judged by a panel of three faculty members.

In this section

  • Resources for News Media
  • Video Archive
  • Duke Law Magazine
  • Archived Featured Stories
  • Communications Staff

IMAGES

  1. Solved 5. The objective of research is to gather preliminary

    in research the objective is to gather preliminary information

  2. Typical Preliminary Research Proposal

    in research the objective is to gather preliminary information

  3. How do you develop a research objective?

    in research the objective is to gather preliminary information

  4. Lesson 5 research objectives

    in research the objective is to gather preliminary information

  5. PPT

    in research the objective is to gather preliminary information

  6. The Research Problem and objectives

    in research the objective is to gather preliminary information

VIDEO

  1. Introduction to Research & Methodology || Research & Methodology

  2. research

  3. Important questions on Research Methodology

  4. Meaning of Research|Objective of Research|Types of Research

  5. Nurturing Excellence

  6. UPSC Preparation for Beginners By EMGC

COMMENTS

  1. BUS of Fund Mark Ch 4 Flashcards

    In ________ research, the objective is to gather preliminary information that will help define the problem and suggest hypotheses. Select one: a. exploratory b. statistical c. causal d. analytic e. descriptive Click the card to flip 👆 a. exploratory Click the card to flip 👆 1 / 20 Flashcards Learn Test Match Q-Chat Created by mirannddaaaa

  2. MGM301 Chapter#4 Quiz Flashcards

    A (n) ________ consists of people and procedures dedicated to assessing information needs, developing the needed information, and helping decision makers use the information to generate and validate actionable customer and market insights. A: Geographic information system B: Marketing Information system C: Enterprise planning system

  3. Exploratory Research

    The primary objective of exploratory research is to gain insights and gather preliminary information that can help the researcher better define the research problem and develop hypotheses or research questions for further investigation. Exploratory Research Methods There are several types of exploratory research, including: Literature Review

  4. Ch. 4 Warm Up Flashcards

    The objective of _____ research is to gather preliminary information that will help define the problem and suggest hypotheses. A) descriptive B) secondary C) causal D) primary E) exploratory E) exploratory

  5. Exploratory research

    Earl Babbie identifies three purposes of social-science research: exploratory, descriptive and explanatory. Exploratory research takes place when problems are in a preliminary stage. [7]

  6. Preliminary Research Strategies

    A good research process should go through these steps: Decide on the topic. Narrow the topic in order to narrow search parameters. Create a question that your research will address. Generate sub-questions from your main question. Determine what kind of sources are best for your argument. Create a bibliography as you gather and reference sources ...

  7. Solved The objective of research is to gather preliminary

    The objective of research is to gather preliminary information that will help define the problem and suggest hypotheses. A causal B. exploratory C. corrective OD. descriptive O E. experimental This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. See Answer

  8. PDF 3. MARKET RESEARCH 3.1 OBJECTIVES OF MARKET RESEARCH: Marketing ...

    Sometimes the objective is exploratory—to gather preliminary information that will help define the problem and suggest hypotheses. Sometimes the objective is descriptive—to describe things such as the market potential for a product or the demographics and attitudes of consumers who buy the product.

  9. Solved In ________ research, the objective is to gather

    In ________ research, the objective is to gather preliminary information that will help define the problem and suggest hypotheses.Group of answer choicesanalyticexploratorystatisticalcausaldescriptive This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution that helps you learn core concepts. See Answer

  10. Question: The objective of____________ research is to gather ...

    The objective of____________ research is to gather preliminary information that will help define the problem and suggest hypotheses. This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. See Answer

  11. Defining the Problem and Research Objectives

    The objective of exploratory research is to gather preliminary information that will help define the problem and suggest hypotheses. The objective of descriptive research is to describe things such as the market potential for a product or the demographics and attitudes of consumers who buy the product. The objective of causal research is to ...

  12. Marketing Chapter 4: Research Flashcards

    The objective of _____ research is to gather preliminary information that will help define the problem and suggest hypotheses. causal exploratory secondary primary Descriptive exploratory

  13. Defining the Problem and Research Objectives

    The objective of exploratory research is to gather preliminary information that will help define the problem and suggest hypotheses. The objective of descriptive research is to describe things, such as the market potential for a product or the demographics and attitudes of consumers who buy the product.

  14. Solved 5. The objective of research is to gather preliminary

    The objective of research is to gather preliminary information that will help to define the problem and suggest hypotheses (2 points) causal corrective exploratory descriptive 6. are groups to which the individual wishes to belong to, as when a teenage football player hopes to play someday for Manchester United FC DS (2 Points) Reference groups

  15. Principles of Marketing Chap 4

    In _____ research, the objective is to gather preliminary information that will help define the problem and suggest hypotheses. A) exploratory. B) statistical. C) causal. D) analytic. E) descriptive. 40. Multiple Choice ... precedes the definition of research objectives. 45. Multiple Choice. 30 seconds. 1 pt.

  16. Text: Preliminary Research Strategies

    A good research process should go through these steps: Decide on the topic. Narrow the topic in order to narrow search parameters. Create a question that your research will address. Generate sub-questions from your main question. Determine what kind of sources are best for your argument. Create a bibliography as you gather and reference sources ...

  17. In ________ research, the objective is to gather preliminary

    In ________ research, the objective is to gather preliminary information that will help define the problem and suggest hypotheses. analytic causal descriptive statistical exploratory Advertisement witerose2718 is waiting for your help. Add your answer and earn points. Add answer +10 pts Expert-Verified Answer question

  18. Chapter 4 Flashcards

    The use of _____as a contact method for gathering information would enable a researcher to get an excellent speed of data collection, but a poor response rate. ... gather preliminary data to define problems and their underlying causes C) ... The objective of _____ research is to gather preliminary information that will help define the problem ...

  19. The objective of __________ research is to gather preliminary

    The objective of this research is to gather preliminary information that will help define the problem and suggest hypotheses. The exploratory research is conducted for a problem that has not been studied more evidently, envisioned to begin priorities, progress operational meanings and progress the final research proposal.

  20. chapter 4 Flashcards

    Preview Terms in this set (22) exploratory research gathering preliminary info that will help define the problem and suggest hypotheses causal research the objective is to test hypotheses about cause and effect relationships experimental research

  21. Casey Witte '24 prevails in final round of the 2024 Dean's Cup

    He further argued for a preliminary injunction against the university's activities policy regarding leafletting and petitions, saying it fails to meet the "objective, narrow, and definite standards" test required to overcome the First Amendment's protection against prior restraint on speech and "fails to provide substantial ...

  22. Solved Q7. The type of research used to gather preliminary

    Q7. The type of research used to gather preliminary information to help generate research hypotheses is called: a. descriptive research. b. causal research. c. exploratory research. d. experimental research. There are 3 steps to solve this one.

  23. Solved Your friend argues that the objective of

    causal exploratory attitudinal corrective Expert Answer ANSWER;- The objective of exploratory research is to gather preliminary information that will help define a problem and suggest hypotheses. Explanation: Descriptive research is conducted in order to answer specific questions about a phenomenon, per … View the full answer