

Chapter 1(Research Description) Capstone Project Guidelines and Sample
Chapter 1 research description.
– serves as the engine that drives all the rest of the documents. Once a word or phrase is substantiated, use the exact word or phrase throughout the thesis or capstone project.
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Hello po good evening ask lang po sana ng tulong kong anung Thesis Proposal para sa katulad kong student. Salmat po,.
Sir any info po about sa Theory of the study need ko lng po ng deeper info po
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Chapter I INTRODUCTION Project Context

Technology is an essential part of our lives today and few cannot imagine living without it. Nowadays people are using a smart phone for their everyday lives. An android phone that has a many applications or games that installed to it. Game is one of it. Games have the particularity that you do not need to do it, but for fun, you try to overcome some obstacles. So playing games would be a voluntary effort to overcome unnecessary obstacles. In game fun is very important. In the Philippine, due to limited resources of toys of the Filipino children, they usually come up on inventing games without the need of anything but the players themselves. With the flexibility of a real human to think and act makes the game more interesting and challenging. Because it is tradition for Filipinos to play in a bigger and spacious area, most games are usually playing outside the house. But in modern generation, people especially children and young adults are starting to forget and set aside Pinoy games (like sipa) So we propose an android game entitled " hopscotch " for some entertainment and challenge. This will enhance the hand and the eye coordination of users as well as improve their response to instinct, calculation and timing.
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Project Context - Explained
What is project context.

Written by Jason Gordon
Updated at March 29th, 2022
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Table of Contents
Context is the environment in which the project is taking place. The core aspects of context are the scope, setting, phase, decision-making processes, and stakeholders.
- Physical Environment - Where the project is physically located and those characteristics. (This includes facilities and transportation).
- Social Environment - The stakeholders and the general community (all relevant demographics) in which the project will be carried out.
- Economic Environment - What is the effect of the presents, supply, demand, and exchange or resources within the project area.
- Cultural characteristics - What are the relevant characteristics of culture within the project area?
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CHaPtEr 1 Capstone Thesis
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Writing the Project Context: A Sample Proposal on ‘Women’s Sustainable Livelihood Development’
The project context of any proposal not only gives an introduction to your project but it also builds up a justification process to help the donor agency convince as to why it is important to start this project and how can your organization resolve the ‘problem in question’ by implementing the proposed activities. In this sample proposal, you will see that the context and justification process has been broken up into 3 parts: ‘The Challenges ’, ‘The Opportunity’ and ‘Why Now?’ It is a wonderful way of drawing attention of the reader and also give enough reasons as to why you require this funding to implement the project.
The Challenges
Palestinians in the West Bank face significant economic challenges—mobility, access to capital, and access to markets and technical information. Israeli security measures, particularly the separation barrier, have put unprecedented burdens on Palestinians, 46 percent of whom are unemployed. For Palestinian women , the challenges are even greater… ( Full text is available in the downloadable version)
The Opportunity
Since 2005, ORG has helped Palestinian women increase their income through training in job skills, business management, and income diversification. During this time, ORG has developed a proven model for creating permanent jobs and income—based on business management training, small grants , and microfinance.
Through its West Bank School Feeding Program (2006-2010), ORG worked with 24 women’s associations across the West Bank to provide daily nutritionally fortified snacks for more than 50,000 schoolchildren in nearly 200 schools. ORG trained and mentored members of these associations to become both businesswomen and effective partners for children ’s nutrition, creating jobs for 2,000 women in the process.
During this process, ORG established very close relationships with women and women’s associations…( Full text is available in the downloadable version)
Timely action is important for two reasons. First, with the peace talks at an impasse, it is a critical time to help Palestinians find ways to survive. Our local partners want to move beyond the political impasse. ORG is ready to work with them at this juncture to build lasting solutions to poverty and hunger by securing financial freedom for Palestinians.
Second, the women ORG has trained have reached a point where independence is within reach; yet they need additional coaching to become self-sustaining… ( Full text is available in the downloadable version)
Want to download the full proposal instantly? To get a PDF version of this sample proposal that you can download, save and refer it back anytime, you need to be a FundsforNGOs Premium Member . If you are a Premium Member, log in here to download this proposal now. Not a Premium Member? Sign up now ! Not interested? Then continue reading…
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Writing Chapters 1, 2, 3 of the Capstone Project Proposal Manuscript

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- 1. Writing Chapters 1, 2, and 3 of the Research Proposal Presented by: Sheryl B. Satorre
- 2. What makes a GOOD research proposal? <ul><li>Relevance, either to the work of the funding body or to the student’s course. </li></ul><ul><li>The research is unique, or offers new insight or development. </li></ul><ul><li>The title, aims and objectives are all clear and succinct. </li></ul><ul><li>Comprehensive and thorough background research and literature review has been undertaken. </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 3. <ul><li>There is a good match between the issues to be addressed and the approach being adopted. </li></ul><ul><li>The researcher demonstrates relevant background knowledge and/or experience. </li></ul><ul><li>Timetable, resources and budget have all been worked out thoroughly, with most eventualities covered. </li></ul><ul><li>Useful policy and practice implications. </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 4. Reasons Why Research Proposals FAIL <ul><li>Aims and objectives are unclear or vague. </li></ul><ul><li>There is a mismatch between the approach being adopted and the issues to be addressed. </li></ul><ul><li>The overall plan is too ambitious and difficult to achieve in the timescale. </li></ul><ul><li>The researcher does not seem to have conducted enough in-depth background research. </li></ul><ul><li>Problem is of insufficient importance. </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 5. <ul><li>Information about the data collection is insufficiently detailed. </li></ul><ul><li>Information about the data analysis method is insufficiently detailed. </li></ul><ul><li>Timescale is inappropriate or unrealistic. </li></ul><ul><li>Resources and budget have not been carefully thought out. </li></ul><ul><li>This topic has been done too many times before – indicates a lack in background research. </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 6. PROBLEM <ul><li>any significant, perplexing and challenging situation, real or artificial, the solution of which requires reflective thinking </li></ul><ul><li>a perplexing situation after it has been translated into a question or series of questions that help the direction of subsequent inquiry </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 7. Elements of a Research Problem <ul><li>Aim or purpose of the problem for investigation. This answers the question “Why?” </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Why is there an investigation, inquiry or study? </li></ul></ul><ul><li>The subject matter or topic to be investigated. This answers the question “What?” </li></ul><ul><ul><li>What is to be investigated or studied? </li></ul></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 8. <ul><li>The place or locale where the research is to be conducted. This answers the question “Where?” </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Where is the study to be conducted? </li></ul></ul><ul><li>The period or time of the study during which the data are to be gathered. This answers the question “When?” </li></ul><ul><ul><li>When is the study to be carried out? </li></ul></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 9. <ul><li>Population or universe from whom the data are to be collected. This answers the question “Who?” “From whom?” </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Who are the respondents? </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>From whom are the data to be gathered? </li></ul></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 10. Characteristics of a Research Problem 01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre Specific Achievable Realistic Time-bound Measurable
- 11. <ul><li>Specific: The problem should be specifically stated. </li></ul><ul><li>Measurable: It is easy to measure by using research instruments, apparatus, or equipment. </li></ul><ul><li>Achievable: Solutions to a research problem are achievable or feasible. </li></ul><ul><li>Realistic: Real results are attained because they are gathered scientifically and not manipulated or maneuvered. </li></ul><ul><li>Time-bound: Time frame is required in every activity because the shorter completion of the activity, the better. </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 12. Sources of Research Problem <ul><li>Specialization of the researcher </li></ul><ul><li>Current and Past Researches </li></ul><ul><li>Recommendations from theses, dissertations, and research journals </li></ul><ul><li>Original and creative ideas of the researcher based on the problems met in the locality and country </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 13. Criteria of a Good Research Problem <ul><li>Interesting </li></ul><ul><li>Innovative </li></ul><ul><li>Cost-effective </li></ul><ul><li>Relevant to the needs and problems of the people </li></ul><ul><li>Relevant to government’s thrusts </li></ul><ul><li>Measurable and time-bound </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 14. Guidelines in Writing the Research Title <ul><li>Research Title must be reflective of its problem. </li></ul><ul><li>It must answer the following questions: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>What question will answer the following </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>What are you trying to investigate? </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>What are you trying to find out, determine or discover? </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Who question will answer who are the respondents or subjects of the study. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Where question will indicate the research locale, setting or the place where the research study is conducted. </li></ul></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 15. Components of a Capstone Project Proposal Manuscript <ul><li>Chapter I – Introduction </li></ul><ul><li>Chapter II – Review of Related Literature </li></ul><ul><li>Chapter III – Technical Background </li></ul><ul><li>Chapter IV – Methodology </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 16. Chapter I - Introduction <ul><li>Project Context </li></ul><ul><li>Purpose and Description of the Project </li></ul><ul><li>Objectives of the Project </li></ul><ul><li>Scope and Limitations of the Project </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 17. Project Context <ul><li>(must be at least 2 pages of presentation and discussions of…) </li></ul><ul><li>The proponent should introduce the presentation of the problem, that is, what is the problem is all about. The proponent should describe the existing and prevailing problem situation based on his or her experience. This scope may be global, national, or regional and local. </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 18. <ul><li>The proponent should give strong justification for selecting such research problem in his/her capacity as a researcher. Being part of the organization or systems and the desire and concern to improve the systems. </li></ul><ul><li>The researcher state a sentence or two that would show the link and relationship of the rationale of the study to the proposed research problem. </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 19. Purpose and Description of the Project <ul><li>What is the function of your project? </li></ul><ul><li>What is good in your project? </li></ul><ul><li>What makes your project unique, innovative, and relevant? </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 20. Guidelines in Formulating the Objectives of the Project: <ul><li>Start with the General Objective which is very parallel to the project title. </li></ul><ul><li>Explode the general objective into Specific Objectives that will help realize the proposed study. </li></ul><ul><li>Objectives should be SMART </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 21. Scope and Limitations of the Project <ul><li>Think the project scope as a box . High-level scope defines the sides of the box and separates what is relevant to your project from what is irrelevant. </li></ul><ul><li>The scope refers to the work that needs to be accomplished to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified features and functions. </li></ul><ul><li>The scope explains the nature, coverage, and time frame of the study </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 22. <ul><li>The limitation , on the other hand, explains all that are NOT included in your project. </li></ul><ul><li>In other words, the scope of the project gives an overview all the deliverables (i.e. the things that your project gives/delivers) , and the tools and technologies used that will be used in the project development while the limitations of the project are the boundaries of the project (i.e. areas/things that are out of scope) . </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 23. Chapter II – Review of Related Literature 01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre A survey or review of related literature and studies is very important because such reviews literature and studies serve as a foundation of the proposed study. This is because related literature and studies guide the researcher in pursuing his research venture.
- 24. The following are the different ways on how the review of related literature and studies help as a guide to the researcher: <ul><li>They help or guide the researcher in searching for or selecting a better research problem or topic. </li></ul><ul><li>They help the investigator understand his topic for research better. </li></ul><ul><li>They ensure that there will be no duplication of other studies. </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 25. <ul><li>They help and guide the researcher in locating more sources of related information. </li></ul><ul><li>They help the researcher in making his research design. </li></ul><ul><li>They help and guide the researcher in making comparison between his findings with the findings of other researchers on similar studies with the end in view of formulating generalizations or principles which are the contributions of the study to the fund of knowledge. </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 26. Characteristics of Related Literature and Studies <ul><li>The surveyed materials must be as recent as possible. </li></ul><ul><li>Materials reviewed must be objective and unbiased. </li></ul><ul><li>Materials surveyed must be relevant to the study. </li></ul><ul><li>Surveyed materials must have been based upon genuinely original and true facts or data to make them valid and reliable. </li></ul><ul><li>Reviewed materials must not be too few or too many. </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 27. Sources of Related Literature and Studies <ul><li>Books, encyclopedias, almanacs, and other similar references </li></ul><ul><li>Articles published in journals, magazines, periodicals, newspapers, and other publications. </li></ul><ul><li>Manuscripts, monographs, memoirs, speeches, letters, and diaries </li></ul><ul><li>Unpublished theses and dissertations </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 28. <ul><li>The Constitution, and laws and statues of the land </li></ul><ul><li>Bulletins, circulars, and orders emanating from government offices and departments, especially from the Office of the President of the Philippines and the Department of Education </li></ul><ul><li>Records of schools, public and private, especially reports of their activities </li></ul><ul><li>Official reports of all kinds, educational, social, economic, scientific, technological, political, etc. from the government and other entities </li></ul><ul><li>Articles from the Internet </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 29. Where to locate related literature and studies? <ul><li>Libraries, either government, school or private libraries </li></ul><ul><li>Government and private offices </li></ul><ul><li>The National Library </li></ul><ul><li>The Library of Education </li></ul><ul><li>The Internet </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 30. Review of Related Literature <ul><li>This portion of the proposal manuscript contains presentations and discussions of the following two (2) components: </li></ul><ul><li>Related Theories </li></ul><ul><li>Related Projects </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 31. Guidelines in Writing the Review of Related Systems <ul><li>Related Theories </li></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Outline first, starting off with an anchor theory </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Supporting theories help elaborate the anchor theory </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Endnoting and footnoting is important which follows correct bibliography entry </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Fluidity and continuity should be observed </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><li>Related Projects </li></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Overview of the current system/project </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Inventory of every related and existing projects/systems </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Fluidity and continuity should be observed </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Comparative matrix may be more appropriate </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Screen shots help make the presentation believable </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>May consider 3 to 6 related studies/projects </li></ul></ul></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 32. Chapter III – Technical Background <ul><li>Guidelines in Writing the Technical Background: </li></ul><ul><li>Overview of the current technologies (hardware/software/network) used in the current system </li></ul><ul><li>Discussions on the current trends and technologies to be used in developing and implementing the proposed system </li></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>HARDWARE </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>SOFTWARE </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>PEOPLEWARE </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>NETWORK </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><li>Fluidity and continuity should be observed </li></ul>01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
- 33. Thank you 01/07/12 Prepared by: SB Satorre
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What is the Project Context for NGO Grant Applications?
By Priti Thapa

Project Context is circumstances in which an event occurs. It is the description of the internal and external environment where the project is going to be undertaken and the effect of the environment on the project. The environment includes risk and opportunity. The project context analyzes the problem and the range of impact of the project strategy to bring the desired change. The project context is also useful to develop appropriate strategies for dealing with the SWOT analysis.
SWOT Analysis
S strength, nature of organization and project that give it an advantage over others W weakness, nature of organization and project that is disadvantage relative to others O opportunity, elements that could be used for success of the project T threat, elements that could cause failure of the project

Strengths and weaknesses are often internal to your organization, while opportunities and threats generally relate to the external environment.
For a proposal, the project not only introduces your project set up but also helps to describe the reasoning factor, why it is important to start this project in this area. Understanding of project context is important for a successful application. It draws a full picture of your project and grabs the attention of the grantor, giving sufficient reason as to why you need the funding to implement the project. Each project is different and has different contextual an issue to deal with therefore it is important to understand a project’s context.
Key Elements of Project Context
The key elements of project context can be divided into the problem, goal, beneficiary and time.
The problem statement describes the context for the project. You need to address the problem and connect it to the real world. Give an overview of the cause of the problem and its effect. Use stories and anchor those stories with statistics to support your argument. Identify the challenges to addressing the problem. Describe the gap between the problem and solution and the factors that have prevented on solving the problem.
Goal explains the purpose of the project. What you will accomplish at the end of the project. It can be the measurable changes expected as a result of the project. If there are several goals, relate objectives to the appropriate goal. You need to integrate it with the crosscutting themes. This will explain the purpose of your project to the reader directly and explicitly. You can also include the rationale for your project.
Beneficiary
The project context of an NGO should always focus on the humanistic perspective. It should focus on the people you serve, rather than the need of your organization. Beneficiaries of the project are the people who will directly or indirectly benefit from your project. They are the people whose circumstances you want to change by implementing your idea. Make the context-specific: who will benefit from the program, how many and when.
The effectiveness of project can only be achieved if the project is implemented in the time of need. Timely action is important. Double relay the message on why it is important to take the action now. State the urgency of your project to increase the interest of the donor. The scope of your project is not just about the final result you expect to attain; it is the impact you make along the way.

About the author

Priti is a Development Professional with years of experience as a Director of Operations for an American humanitarian organization in Nepal. She is a published writer and researcher focusing on international development funding and grassroots NGOs. She holds a master’s degree in Business. She oversees the team that provides support to NGOs and site users.
The example of swot goes well thank you .
Hi Prijung, I am glad you found this article useful!
A very important article especially for those intending to venture into project proposal writing for funding. Thanks
I’m going to be using this article for some references. Could you please tell me how long ago this article was?
Dear Ahmad: This article was published on May 2nd 2019 on proposalsforngos.com
HI I AM HAPPY TO BE PART AND I LIKE THIS PROGRAM IT HAVE HELP ME MORE
Thanks for this. Got it at the right time I really needed
I’m glad you found this article helpful!


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Project Context is circumstances in which an event occurs. It is the description of the internal and external environment where the project is going to be