dzongkha essay on village

How social media is breathing new life into Bhutan’s unwritten local languages

PhD Candidate in Language and Politics, University of New England

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Tashi Dema does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

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Dechen, 40, grew up in Thimphu, the capital city of Bhutan. Her native language was Mangdip, also known as Nyenkha, as her parents are originally from central Bhutan. She went to schools in the city, where the curriculum was predominantly taught in Dzongkha, the national language, and English.

In Dechen’s house, everyone spoke Dzongkha. She only spoke her mother tongue when she had guests from her village, who could not understand Dzongkha and during her occasional visits to her village nestled in the mountains. Her mother tongue knowledge was limited.

However, things have now changed.

With 90% of Bhutanese people using social media and social media penetrating all remotes areas in Bhutan, Dechen’s relatives in remote villages are connected on WeChat.

She is in three WeChat groups where people usually communicate through voice messages in their native language. Most WeChat users in rural parts of the country communicate in their oral native language.

“I learn many words. I learnt how to say a lot of things in my own language,” the mother of two now living in Western Australia told me.

Dechen’s story is not isolated. Social media is giving a new lifeline to Bhutan’s native languages, which do not have written script and lack proper documentation . By communicating through voice messages, social media is giving Bhutanese people in both urban and rural areas a new opportunity to use their local language.

Read more: What can the kingdom of Bhutan teach us about fighting corruption

Losing Bhutan’s languages

Bhutan is a tiny Himalayan nation with a population of under 800,000 people. Internet and television was introduced only in 1999 and mobile phones in 2004.

The country has more than 20 local languages, but only Dzongkha has written text and is promoted as the national language.

The country struggles to promote the national language and its usage against English. Today most urban residents, especially the elites, speak English as their primary language .

Many languages – especially minority languages – are vanishing or becoming endangered as younger generations switch to Dzongkha and English.

The medium of instruction in schools is mostly in English; Dzongkha is taught only as grammar and literature. Students are shamed and often punished for using their local languages .

The preservation and promotion of local languages, therefore, depends on the speakers. A language faces extinction when its speakers die out or switch to another language.

Linguist Pema Wangdi has researched languages in Bhutan, and he told me many people are losing their native language.

“When we lose our language, we lose a piece of our national identity,” he told me.

Wangdi has identified there are no longer any speakers of Olekha, an indigenous dialect of Rukha in Wangdu Phodrang.

“The loss of a single language is a loss of a piece of our national linguistic heritage and identity,” he said. “When a language is lost, cultural traditions which are tied to that language such as songs, myths and poetry will be lost forever.”

Other Bhutanese languages – including Tshophu language of Doyaps in Samtse, Monpa language of central Bhutan, and Gongdukha of Mongar – are endangered and at the brink of extinction .

Preservation of local languages

The future of the minority languages are at threat. The Constitution of Bhutan mandates the preservation and promotion of local languages, but there are no official efforts to preserve native languages.

But encouraging people to speak their native languages can have far reaching benefits in preserving and promoting Bhutan’s rich culture and tradition. Language embodies identity, ethnicity and cultural values: a thriving local language would help transfer this intangible wealth to the younger generation.

Social media could be an invaluable tool in this preservation.

Bhutan could save its languages from becoming extinct with promotion of social media usages and language education could be done on the social media platforms. With both young and old people glued to social media, encouraging more people to use local languages in social media could generate interest among the youth to learn their local languages.

It could also help in documenting the endangered local languages as the older generation can record their voices on WeChat.

Many elder citizens feel strongly about their language and emphasise teaching their mother tongue to the younger generation and their grandchildren. Social media – joining the younger generation on platforms where they feel at home – could be the way forward.

Read more: Thinking of taking up WeChat? Here's what you need to know

• Social media
• Asian languages
• Indigenous languages
• oral language
• Language diversity
• Language loss
• Social media and society

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Bhutan National Language: Dzongkha

Let’s explore Bhutan National Language. Language plays a vital role in shaping the identity and cultural heritage of a country. It serves as a means of communication, preserving traditions, and fostering a sense of belonging among its people. In the case of Bhutan, a small Himalayan kingdom known for its breathtaking landscapes and unique culture, the national language, Dzongkha, holds immense significance. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of Dzongkha, exploring its origin, role in Bhutanese society, preservation efforts, impact on tourism, and more.

Bhutan, nestled in the eastern Himalayas, is a country renowned for its commitment to Gross National Happiness and sustainable development. With a population of approximately 800,000, this landlocked nation boasts a rich cultural heritage and is home to several ethnic groups. Central to Bhutan’s cultural fabric is its national language, Dzongkha.

Table of Contents

Dzongkha: The Bhutan National Language

Origin and history.

Dzongkha, the national language of Bhutan, belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family. It evolved from Old Tibetan and shares linguistic similarities with other Himalayan languages. The word “Dzongkha” translates to “the language spoken in the dzongs” (fortresses), indicating its historical association with the centers of power in Bhutan.

Unique Characteristics

Dzongkha has its own distinct script, known as “Chhokey,” which is written from left to right. The language features several unique characteristics, including complex honorifics and a rich vocabulary that reflects the country’s deep spiritual and cultural traditions. Dzongkha’s phonetics and tonal system contribute to its melodic nature, making it a delight to listen to and learn.

Language Policy in Bhutan

Bhutan takes pride in its commitment to preserving its cultural heritage, including its national language. The government has implemented a language policy that promotes the use of Dzongkha as the medium of instruction in schools and as the language of administration. This policy aims to maintain the prominence of Dzongkha while also recognizing the importance of multilingualism in a globalized world and promoting the learning of English as a second language.

Bhutan National Language’s Role in Bhutanese Society

Dzongkha holds a central position in Bhutan’s education system. It is taught as a subject in schools, ensuring that future generations have a strong foundation in their national language. The study of Dzongkha not only helps students develop language skills but also fosters a deep understanding of Bhutanese culture, literature, and history. Additionally, Dzongkha is used as the medium of instruction for various subjects, further reinforcing its significance in the education landscape.

Dzongkha plays a crucial role in the governance and administration of Bhutan. Official government documents, laws, and policies are primarily written in Dzongkha. It is the language used in parliamentary proceedings, allowing lawmakers to engage in meaningful discussions and debates. By maintaining Dzongkha as the language of governance, Bhutan ensures the preservation of its cultural values and traditions within the political sphere.

Culture and Identity

Dzongkha serves as a powerful tool for preserving Bhutan’s unique cultural heritage and fostering a sense of national identity. It is the language used in religious ceremonies, rituals, and traditional events. Bhutanese folklore, songs, and dances are enriched by the use of Dzongkha, as it carries the essence of Bhutanese identity and connects people to their ancestral roots. The language acts as a bridge between generations, passing down age-old traditions and values.

Challenges and Preservation Efforts for Bhutan National Language

Despite its significance, Dzongkha faces challenges in the modern era. The rapid spread of technology and globalization has introduced new languages and influences, impacting the usage and preservation of Dzongkha. The increasing dominance of English in the digital world poses a risk to the continued prominence of Dzongkha.

To address these challenges, Bhutan has undertaken various preservation efforts. The government has implemented policies to encourage the use of Dzongkha in digital platforms, ensuring its presence in the digital age. Efforts are also underway to develop digital resources, educational materials, and online dictionaries to support Dzongkha learning and usage. Additionally, cultural festivals and events are organized to celebrate and promote the richness of the language, creating awareness and fostering pride among the Bhutanese people.

Dzongkha’s Impact on Tourism

Dzongkha plays a significant role in Bhutan’s tourism industry. As travelers explore the country, they encounter the language in various forms, from street signs to cultural performances. Learning a few basic phrases in Dzongkha can enhance the travel experience and facilitate interactions with locals, showcasing a genuine interest in Bhutanese culture. Moreover, the use of Dzongkha in tourism materials and promotional content helps preserve and promote the language to a wider audience, ensuring its relevance and recognition on a global scale.

Dzongkha Learning Resources

For those interested in learning Dzongkha, numerous resources are available. The Dzongkha Development Commission, established by the government, provides language courses, textbooks, and online resources to facilitate Dzongkha learning. Additionally, language institutes, cultural centers, and universities offer programs and courses focused on Dzongkha and Bhutanese culture. These resources enable individuals to explore the beauty and depth of the language, connecting with the heart of Bhutanese society.

Dzongkha, the national language of Bhutan, is an integral part of the country’s identity, culture, and heritage. It plays a vital role in education, governance, and preserving Bhutanese traditions. Despite the challenges posed by globalization, Bhutan is committed to preserving and promoting Dzongkha through various initiatives. The language policy ensures its prominence in schools and government institutions, while cultural events and digital resources contribute to its preservation in the digital age.

Dzongkha not only serves practical purposes but also fosters a deep connection to Bhutanese identity. It is a language that carries the values, traditions, and spirituality of the nation. By learning and using Dzongkha, individuals can better understand the cultural nuances and engage with the local community on a more meaningful level.

In the realm of tourism, Dzongkha adds authenticity and depth to the travel experience in Bhutan. Travelers who make an effort to learn and use Dzongkha phrases can forge connections with the locals, gain insights into the country’s rich cultural heritage, and create lasting memories.

As the world becomes more interconnected, Bhutan’s commitment to preserving Dzongkha becomes crucial. Efforts to promote the language ensure that Bhutanese culture continues to thrive and be celebrated both within the country and beyond its borders.

1. Is Dzongkha the only language spoken in Bhutan?

While Dzongkha is the national language, Bhutan is a multilingual country. There are several other languages spoken by different ethnic groups, such as Sharchopkha, Lhotshamkha, and others.

2. Can I learn Dzongkha even if I’m not from Bhutan?

Yes, Dzongkha learning resources are available for individuals interested in studying the language. Language institutes, cultural centers, and online platforms offer courses and materials for learners of all backgrounds.

3. Is English widely spoken in Bhutan?

English is taught in schools and is spoken by many Bhutanese, particularly those involved in the tourism industry and government sectors. It serves as a bridge language for communication with visitors and in international contexts.

4. Are there any similarities between Dzongkha and other languages?

Dzongkha belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family and shares linguistic similarities with other Himalayan languages like Tibetan, Sikkimese, and Ladakhi.

5. Can I experience Dzongkha culture and traditions during my visit to Bhutan?

Absolutely! Bhutan offers numerous opportunities to immerse yourself in Dzongkha culture and traditions. From attending religious festivals to visiting monasteries and exploring traditional arts and crafts, you can witness the richness of Dzongkha heritage firsthand.

References:

• Dzongkha Development Commission. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.dzongkha.gov.bt/
• Royal Bhutanese Embassy. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.bhutanembassy.org/
• Thinley, J. (2014). Dzongkha and English: Language Policy and Medium of Instruction in Bhutan. South Asian Language Review, 24(2), 115-128.

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Preserving and promoting the national language

… an uphill battle still

Rinzin Wangchuk  

With the Dzongkha Development Commission (DDC) now subsumed under the home ministry as one of its departments, many wonder about the fate of the national language. It is renamed as the Department of Culture and Dzongkha Development (DCDD).

Promoting Dzongkha as the national language has come a long way as early as 1970 when His Majesty the Third Druk Gyalpo issued a Kasho to teach religion text, arts and history in schools along with modern education. That was in Choekey, classical language.

On February 13 and June 17, 1971, His Majesty Jigme Dorji Wangchuck commanded the then Dzongkha advisor Lopon Nado and director of education that the school textbooks be written in simple spoken Dzongkha.

One of the important milestones in the development of Dzongkha took place in September 1971 when Bhutan under the initiative of the Third Druk Gyalpo joined the United Nations and saw Dzongkha codified and declared as the national language.

It seemed like there was no turning back. The 41st session of the National Assembly (NA) in 1974  resolved that the resolutions should be passed in written Dzongkha.

Two years later, His Majesty’s representative to the erstwhile  ministry of development,  Her Royal Highness Ashi Dechen Wangmo Wangchuck, issued a kasho in 1976 to teach religion, arts and literature, namthar and history in Dzongkha.

His Majesty the Fourth King issued a royal decree recognizing religion, literature, language, culture, traditional customs, driglam Namzha (code of etiquette)  are the integral parts of Bhutan’s identity as a sovereign nation.

With the beginning of modern economic development in the country from the first Five-Year-Plan, the use of the English language became necessary since Bhutan had to establish relations and communicate with foreign countries. Moreover, most of the people working for the Bhutanese government on various development projects, at the time, were foreigners.

This trend posed a threat to Dzongkha and to the culture and traditions of the country. Hence, the Fourth Druk Gyalpo commanded that the Dzongkha Development Commission be established as an autonomous body.

In 1993, His Majesty the Fourth Druk Gyalpo issued a royal edict stating that the medium of discussion of the Parliament session, the cabinet meetings and discussions, discussion of Dzongkhag Tshogdu, Thromde Tshogde, Gewog Tshogde and all other meetings, public speeches, presentations and reports should be carried out in Dzongkha. The Kasho also stated that even if there are foreigners present at such meetings, they should be informed through translation.

In 2003, DDC was renamed as Dzongkha Development Authority (DDA) which was administered and managed by a secretary, according to DCDD chief Namgay Tshering.

DDA became DDC  again in 2007 to function under the chairmanship of the prime minister. Officials were  tasked with promoting the use of Dzongkha, researching and publishing official dictionaries and grammar of the language; developing new lexical terminology; and developing software and fonts to support the language.

The challenges

National Policy and Strategy (NPS) of Dzongkha development and promotion approved by the 100th cabinet meeting on May 17, 2011 stated that in line with the policy, the government dedicated resources towards development of literature and the teaching and learning of Dzongkha. Despite all these, the number of Bhutanese taking interest in learning and using Dzongkha has decreased over the years. “This has inhibited the development and promotion of Dzongkha, and has, in fact, led to the present situation where people with proficiency in Dzongkha have become a rarity,” it stated.

To address some of the challenges, a Dzongkha development and promotion strategy was developed based on the Royal commands of the successive Monarchs, resolutions of successive National Assembly discussions, as well as government policies and laws of the country.

Among 47 points, the cabinet approved in 2011, one policy to introduce and ensure all Bhutanese study basic traditional knowledge including Dzongkha grammar, moral education, and political and religious history from school level right through to university.

The other strategy was to improve Dzongkha in the education system such as continuing to teach environmental studies and Dzongkha language in Dzongkha together with an English language and maths subject from classes PP to III.

However, some Dzongkha experts pointed out that this policy was not implemented, which could have affected promoting Dzongkha, especially in reading and writing.

The way forward

“We have already laid out a couple of plans to further promote and strengthen our national language,” director of DCDD, Nagtsho Dorji said. “Together with Dzongkha and culture, we expect to bring more coordinated and impactful results.”

DCDD’s chief Namgay Tshering said that they would be doing as per the 12th Plan activities. “Although autonomous body is not there anymore, our mandate to promote the national language will not change,” he said.

However, some Dzongkha experts opined that when the DDC functioning as an independent entity with separate budget could not do much in strengthening Dzongkha, expectation  to perform better today is a challenge.

How relevant the national language remains in a fast changing world influenced by globalization and technology will be a challenge for Bhutan and its efforts to promote the national language – a Bhutanese identity.

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Dzongkha: Bhutan's National Language

Dzongkha (རྫོང་ཁ་) falls within the Central Bodish group of languages within the greater Tibeto-Burman or Sino-Tibetan family of languages. It is the modern name for the language spoken in the western valleys, known as Ngalongkha (སྔ་ལོང་ཁ་) or the language of the Ngalong or Ngenlung (སྔན་ལུང་) region. Initially, it seems this name referred to part of Shar district but later came to be used to refer to all of western Bhutan from Pelela pass to Haa. After the unification of Bhutan, Ngalongkha became the dominant language for official transactions as political offices were mainly based in areas where it was spoken. Among the power centres of medieval Bhutan, only Trongsa was not part of the Ngalongkha speaking area.

Gradually, Ngalongkha was used as the official language in the administrative offices and monastic centres across the country. As government offices and monastic institutions were based in the large dzong s, Ngalongkha came to be known as Dzongkha, meaning the language of the dzong . However, it appears that the term Dzongkha probably gained currency only in the latter half of the 20 th century, particularly after Bhutan adopted it as the national language in 1960s.

Ngalongkha, it must be remembered, was a spoken vernacular like other local Bhutanese languages. It was a pelké (ཕལ་སྐད་), a commoner’s vernacular, as opposed to chöké  (ཆོས་སྐད་), the scriptural idiom, which in this case refers to classical Tibetan, the Latin of the Buddhist Himalayas. Until the introduction of written Dzongkha in the second half of the 20 th century, all written communications in Bhutan were conducted in classical Tibetan; in fact, much Bhutanese literature even today is composed in the medium. Some authors such as the 13 th Je Khenpo Yönten Tayé (1724-1784) were said to have written some material in the local vernacular but apart from oral compositions, nothing significant seems to have been written in Dzongkha until the adoption of Dzongkha as the national language.

The main task instituting Dzongkha as a written language was to develop its standard orthographic and grammatical structures, which started in the 1960s with the authorship of school grammar books. This move seems to have been triggered by a cultural consciousness and nationalistic sentiments aimed at establishing a unique linguistic identity for Bhutan, and further, to distinguish Bhutan from Tibet, over which China had by then made serious historical claims. It was thus a way of resisting external claims of linguistic hegemony as well as uniting the country with a lingua franca . Today, Dzongkha is taught in schools and most Bhutanese speak Dzongkha imperfectly but only a few can write in Dzongkha with ease.

The promotion of Dzongkha over classical Tibetan as a written language faced serious challenges in many quarters and continues to do so even today. While the elites, most of whom were educated in western English medium schools, were and are still today not capable of writing even government correspondences in Dzongkha; in addition, the conservative clerics were outraged by the idea of replacing a religious language with a vernacular language. Dzongkha did not have the lexical strength and grammatical sophistication to construct advanced literary works without relying on classical Tibetan and it was feared that promoting Dzongkha instead of classical Tibetan could close the access to the wealth of religious literature available in this medium. Furthermore, Dzongkha was not even spoken by the majority of Bhutanese people. It was perceived to be as hard as learning a foreign language. To make things worse, Dzongkha is disappointingly short of vocabulary to render new technological and scientific terminology. These problems encumber Dzongkha even today and its viability as the national language against the onslaught of English continues to be tested today.

Dzongkha is the only written local language so far and it is written using Tibetan alphabets. Bhutanese widely use Uchen (དབུ་ཅན་) script for formal documents and books and Joyig (མགྱོགས་ཡིག་) script for informal writing. This script is considered to be unique to Bhutan although there is no substantial evidence that it was used in Bhutan before the 20 th century. The prototype of Joyig, used by some traditional scholars to prove its antiquity, very closely resembles Tibetan scripts used before the 11 th century visible in documents discovered from Dunhuang caves in Gansu. Ancient manuscripts housed in Bhutan’s temples seem to indicate that Bhutanese wrote a great deal in a variety of Umé (དབུ་མེད་) scripts in the past although most Bhutanese today cannot read Ume script and associate it with Tibetans.

Dzongkha is spoken as the native tongue by people from Haa, Paro, Chukkha, Thimphu, Punakha, Gasa, Wangdiphodrang, and Dagana districts and is heavily split into different dialects, some of them nearly unintelligible to other Dzongkha speakers. The mainstream Dzongkha used in official communication and media is a modern Dzongkha based on these dialects but without regional accents or variations. All school students learn Dzongkha for about one hour a day at school while monastic institutions still impart their education in both Dzongkha and classical Tibetan. Thus, monastic scholars are the main users of written Dzongkha though many of them often write in classical Tibetan.

Karma Phuntsho is a social thinker and worker, the President of the Loden Foundation and the author of many books and articles including The History of Bhutan .

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3 Honorification in Dzongkha

• Published: November 2021
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This chapter demonstrates that honorific vocabulary and constructions in Dzongkha function in multiple ways as points of integration between language and society. One function is overt, and is used as a linguistic expression of the importance of maintaining the cultural traditions of Bhutanese society. This function indexes the social hierarchy of clausal referents and encodes speaker politeness. Two verb types, honorific and humilific, are among the honorification strategies that are used to profile social hierarchy: honorific verbs focus on the elevated status of the referent whereas humilific verbs are inherently relative, and function to show the comparative social gap between clausal referents. The chapter demonstrates that another function of honorifics appears in natural conversation among social equals, and this is to mitigate the speaker’s perception of imposing on the interlocutor, rather than to profile distance in a social hierarchy. The chapter also shows that unlike many classification systems which are based on perceived physical characteristics of the referent, honorific nouns have a classificatory function that is based on body part or human utility.

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རྫོང་ཁའི་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་པའི་གཞུང། The Grammar of Dzongkha

1992, རྫོང་ཁའི་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་པའི་གཞུང། The Grammar of Dzongkha

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Brief Background  

Lhuentse Dzongkhag is bordered by Bumthang in the West, Tashiyangtse in the East, Mongar in the South and China in the North. The Dzongkhag covers an area of approximately 2853.55 sq. km with altitudes ranging from 600 to 5800 meters above sea level. It has warm summer and cold winter. The annual average temperature rises to 24 °C in summer and falls to 15 ° C in winter. Annual rainfall ranges from 1000 to 1500 mm.

Lhuentse Dzong currently houses the Dzongkhag Administration office and Lhuentse Rabdey. Dzongkhag Tshogdu serves as the highest decision making body with an elected chairperson from amongst its members and Gewog Tshogde in Gewogs with the Gup as de facto chairperson.

Construction of farm roads has connected all the Eight Gewog Centers even penetrating most of the villages reducing the walking distance to less than an hour from road head for over 95 percent of the population. The Dzongkhag takes special pride in being an ancestral home of our Kings with splendid Jigme Namgyel Nagtshang which still stands at the same place. It is also blessed with the visits of the holy figures.

Today it is popularly known as the ultimate destination for Buddhist pilgrims because of its important Neys like Singye Dzong, Rinchen Bumpa, Jangchubling Lhakhang, Takila Guru Lhakhang and many more. Lhuentse is also well known for exotic Kishuthara productions.

Introduction of rural telephone and B-mobile services has further shrunk the Dzongkhag into a small village. It has achieved over 98% of telecommunication connectivity with only Tsango village under Khoma left unconnected due to sheer distance. The Dzongkhag is recently connected with  3G internet services.

The Dzongkhag now with all modern technological connectivity and facilities can be considered at equal footing with other Dzongkhags.

Vision and Mission  

རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ལེགས་ལྡན་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་གི་ལམ་བཟང་དང་ལྡན་ཏེ་རང་ལུགས་ལམ་སྲོལ་མ་ཉམས་མི་སྡེའི་མཐུན་སྒྲིག་ཆེ་བ་རང་དགོ་རང་ལང་གི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་དང་ལྡམ་པ་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་སྒྲིང་སྒྲིང་དང་ལྡནམ་སྦེ་ཉམས་དགའ་བའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་སྦེ་གནས་པ།, རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་རང་དགོ་རང་དྲོངས་སྦེ་གནས་ཐབ་ལུ་ལེགས་བཟང་གི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཐོགས་པམེད་པར་མཁོ་སྤྲོད་འབད་དེ་ཡོགས་ཚང་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ཐབས་ལུ་ཅི་ལྕོགས་གང་ལྕོགས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་ཞུ་ནི་གི་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བཀྱེད་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་པ།, a vibrant dzongkhag that is culturally strong, socially cohesive, economically sound and environmentally healthy with governance ethics, to create an enabling environment for holistic development by ensuring prompt and better services to be self reliant dzongkhag..

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Dzongkhag Administration, Lhuentse

Lhuentse, Bhutan

HRO @ 04545136

ICTO  @04545100

PA to Dzongdag@ 04545101

• BHUTAN TOILET ORG

17 December 2021

King’s dzongkha: the beauty of our language.

His Majesty the King's address to the nation on the National Day is the single most important speech in the country and the most awaited moment of the year. It's the annual Royal Address to the nation that leads the nation to reflect deeply on our values and priorities as a nation and inspires the masses to take bold steps into new frontiers. It is in this moment the King talks straight to the heart of every Bhutanese across the world to remind us of who we are.

Over the years, we began to seek more in His Majesty's speech. We seek satisfaction from listening to one of the greatest orators of our time. We appreciate the art of public speaking. We marvel at the fluency and the gaps. We admire the power and clarity. 

In those goosebump moments, we savour the true beauty of our Dzongkha language that we are not quite used to. The complexity associated with good Dzongkha is a myth. In the Dzongkha that the King speaks, there is hardly any bombastic word. In King's Dzongkha, we see the elegance in common words, the versatility of simple terms and undeniable dignity. 

If the Dzongkha can be as elegant yet as expressive and simple as the King speaks it, then the generation of Bhutanese who are more into English may embrace Dzongkha. The People who are entrusted with promoting Dzongkha must work hard in simplifying it rather than alienating it from the ordinary people.

I absolutely agree with you on simplifying the National language. Please make this idea viral so that stakeholders, including teachers consider this in designing textbooks, teaching in classrooms. The aim of language is to communicate effectively the message. If that can be done, theres no need to complicate things as you mentioned. Although i am an English teacher, it saddens me share that majority of our students do worse in Dzongkha. That freedom and flexibility of language is missing in Dzongkha, everyone knows that yet does nothing. Language too suppressed by culture. I think it’s time we move on embrace simplicity. Change with time. Culture should be preserved but not abuse it in the name of preservation. You raised an important point Passu.

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November 15, 2023

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How social media is breathing new life into Bhutan's unwritten local languages

by Tashi Dema, The Conversation

Dechen, 40, grew up in Thimphu, the capital city of Bhutan. Her native language was Mangdip, also known as Nyenkha, as her parents are originally from central Bhutan. She went to schools in the city, where the curriculum was predominantly taught in Dzongkha, the national language, and English.

In Dechen's house, everyone spoke Dzongkha. She only spoke her mother tongue when she had guests from her village, who could not understand Dzongkha and during her occasional visits to her village nestled in the mountains. Her mother tongue knowledge was limited.

However, things have now changed.

With 90% of Bhutanese people using social media and social media penetrating all remotes areas in Bhutan, Dechen's relatives in remote villages are connected on WeChat.

She is in three WeChat groups where people usually communicate through voice messages in their native language . Most WeChat users in rural parts of the country communicate in their oral native language.

"I learn many words. I learnt how to say a lot of things in my own language," the mother of two now living in Western Australia told me.

Dechen's story is not isolated. Social media is giving a new lifeline to Bhutan's native languages, which do not have written script and lack proper documentation . By communicating through voice messages, social media is giving Bhutanese people in both urban and rural areas a new opportunity to use their local language.

Losing Bhutan's languages

Bhutan is a tiny Himalayan nation with a population of under 800,000 people. Internet and television was introduced only in 1999 and mobile phones in 2004.

The country has more than 20 local languages, but only Dzongkha has written text and is promoted as the national language.

The country struggles to promote the national language and its usage against English. Today most urban residents , especially the elites, speak English as their primary language .

Many languages—especially minority languages —are vanishing or becoming endangered as younger generations switch to Dzongkha and English.

The medium of instruction in schools is mostly in English; Dzongkha is taught only as grammar and literature. Students are shamed and often punished for using their local languages .

The preservation and promotion of local languages, therefore, depends on the speakers. A language faces extinction when its speakers die out or switch to another language.

Linguist Pema Wangdi has researched languages in Bhutan, and he told me many people are losing their native language.

"When we lose our language, we lose a piece of our national identity," he told me.

Wangdi has identified there are no longer any speakers of Olekha, an indigenous dialect of Rukha in Wangdu Phodrang.

"The loss of a single language is a loss of a piece of our national linguistic heritage and identity," he said. "When a language is lost, cultural traditions which are tied to that language such as songs, myths and poetry will be lost forever."

Other Bhutanese languages—including Tshophu language of Doyaps in Samtse, Monpa language of central Bhutan, and Gongdukha of Mongar—are endangered and at the brink of extinction .

Preservation of local languages

The future of the minority languages are at threat. The Constitution of Bhutan mandates the preservation and promotion of local languages, but there are no official efforts to preserve native languages.

But encouraging people to speak their native languages can have far reaching benefits in preserving and promoting Bhutan's rich culture and tradition. Language embodies identity, ethnicity and cultural values: a thriving local language would help transfer this intangible wealth to the younger generation.

Social media could be an invaluable tool in this preservation.

Bhutan could save its languages from becoming extinct with promotion of social media usages and language education could be done on the social media platforms . With both young and old people glued to social media, encouraging more people to use local languages in social media could generate interest among the youth to learn their local languages.

It could also help in documenting the endangered local languages as the older generation can record their voices on WeChat.

Many elder citizens feel strongly about their language and emphasize teaching their mother tongue to the younger generation and their grandchildren. Social media —joining the younger generation on platforms where they feel at home—could be the way forward.

Provided by The Conversation

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My Village Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on my village.

My Village Essay- My village is a place that I like to visit in my holidays or whenever I feel tired and want to relax. A village is a place that is far away from the pollution and noise of the city. Also, you feel a connection with the soil in a village.

Moreover, there are trees, a variety of crops , diversity of flowers, and rivers, etc. Besides all this, you feel the cold breeze at night and a warm but pleasant breeze in the day.

The Facts About the Village

Around more than 70% of India’s population resides in villages. Likewise, villages are the main source of food and agricultural produce that we consume. After independence, the villages have grown much in both populations as well as education .

Village peoples are more dedicated to their work then the people of the city also they have more strength and capacity then urban area people.

Moreover, the entire village lives in peace and harmony and there is no conflict of any kind. Villagers come forward in each other sorrows and happiness and they are of helpful nature.

Most importantly, you can see stars at night which you no longer see in the city.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Description of My Village

My village exists in a low lying area that has a warm summer and a chilly winter. Mostly I visit my village in summers because of the holidays. Although the village is far cooler than the city during the summer. Also, you do not need air conditioners in a village because of the breeze. In a village you see greenery and almost every household has a minimum of one tree in their courtyards.

In addition, the thing that I like the most about my village is the fresh and revitalizing air. The air gives a feeling of refreshment even if I have slept for 4-5 hours. Most importantly, at night I see and count stars which I can’t do in the city.

Importance of Village

Villages existed in India from ancient times and they have been dependent on each other for the demand and supply of goods. Likewise, they contribute a lot to the growth and development of the country. India is a country who depends on agriculture more than its secondary and tertiary sector.

Also, India is the second most populated nation of the world and to feed this big population they need food which comes from the villages. This describes why they are important to us and everybody.

In conclusion, we can say that villages are the backbone of the economy. Also, my village is a part of all the villages in India where people still live in peace and harmony . Besides, the people of the villages are friendly and lives a happy and prosperous life as compared to the people of urban areas.

FAQs about My Village

Q.1 What is the best thing about the villages? A.1 There are many good things about villages such as fresh air, rivers, trees, no pollution, the earthy smell, fresh and organic food, and many more great things.

Q.2 Do villages lack in development? A.2 No, villages have developed quite well also they are developing at a pace faster than the cities.

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Essay on Indian Villages

Students are often asked to write an essay on Indian Villages in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Indian Villages

Introduction.

Indian villages represent the true essence of India. They are the places where the heart of our nation beats. These villages are rich in tradition, culture, and simplicity.

Life in Villages

Life in Indian villages is serene and peaceful. People live in harmony with nature. They wake up early, work in the fields, and lead a simple life.

The economy of Indian villages is primarily based on agriculture. Farmers work hard to grow crops which feed not only their village but also the cities.

Despite challenges, Indian villages are the backbone of our country. They embody the spirit of unity, hard work, and simplicity.

250 Words Essay on Indian Villages

The essence of india.

India’s soul resides in its villages, which are home to about 70% of the country’s population. These villages encapsulate the quintessential Indian culture and traditions, offering a stark contrast to the country’s bustling urban landscapes.

Rich Cultural Tapestry

Each Indian village is a microcosm of India’s rich cultural tapestry. The local festivals, art forms, music, and dance reflect the diverse heritage of the country. Villagers live in close-knit communities, exhibiting a strong sense of unity and mutual support. The age-old customs and traditions are passed down generations, keeping the cultural legacy alive.

Economic Backbone

Agriculture, the primary occupation in Indian villages, forms the backbone of India’s economy. Farmers work tirelessly, contributing significantly to the country’s food security and raw material production for various industries. Additionally, rural India is a hub for cottage industries, producing handicrafts, textiles, pottery, and other goods, promoting the country’s economic diversity.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite their cultural richness and economic contribution, Indian villages face numerous challenges. Lack of infrastructure, inadequate healthcare, and limited educational facilities are significant issues. However, these challenges present opportunities for growth. Initiatives like rural electrification, digital connectivity, and skill development programs can transform these hamlets into engines of growth.

Indian villages are a testament to the country’s resilience, cultural richness, and economic strength. While they face challenges, the potential for development and growth is immense. By addressing these issues, India can unlock the true potential of its villages, propelling the nation towards comprehensive and inclusive growth.

500 Words Essay on Indian Villages

India, often referred to as the ‘land of villages,’ is a country where the heart of its culture, traditions, and rich heritage resides in its rural areas. Indian villages are a mirror to the diverse, vibrant, and colorful ethos of the country, reflecting the real essence of India.

The Simplicity and Authenticity

Indian villages are characterized by their simplicity and authenticity. The lifestyle in these areas is uncomplicated, with people living in harmony with nature. The villagers are primarily engaged in agricultural activities, which form the backbone of the Indian economy. They follow a simple routine, starting their day at the break of dawn, tilling their fields, feeding their cattle, and ending with a peaceful sleep under the starlit sky.

The Socio-Cultural Fabric

The socio-cultural fabric of Indian villages is rich and diverse. Each village has a unique identity, marked by its local festivals, folk dances, music, and art forms. The ‘Panchayat’ system, a traditional form of local self-government, plays a vital role in decision-making and conflict resolution within the village. Despite the diversity, there is unity, mutual cooperation, and a strong sense of community among the villagers.

Economic Aspects

On the economic front, Indian villages are predominantly agrarian, with agriculture and allied activities being the primary source of livelihood. However, in recent years, there is a growing shift towards non-farm activities, including handicrafts, small-scale industries, and services. This diversification has the potential to enhance rural incomes and reduce agrarian distress.

Despite their charm, Indian villages face numerous challenges. Lack of basic amenities like clean drinking water, sanitation, healthcare, and quality education are some of the pressing issues. Poverty, unemployment, and social evils like casteism and gender inequality further exacerbate the situation.

However, these challenges also present opportunities for development. Initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) for rural connectivity, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan for sanitation, and Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan for education are transforming the rural landscape. Digital technology and internet connectivity have opened new avenues for rural entrepreneurship and e-governance.

In conclusion, Indian villages are the soul of the country, embodying its cultural richness and diversity. While they are grappling with several challenges, the winds of change are blowing. With targeted interventions and the right impetus, these villages can become the hub of sustainable and inclusive development, truly representing the idea of ‘Gram Swaraj’ or self-sufficient villages envisaged by Mahatma Gandhi. The future of India lies in the strength of its villages, and it is imperative to empower them to unlock their full potential.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

• Essay on Indian Judiciary System
• Essay on Indian Freedom Fighters
• Essay on Indian Family Values

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

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