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Earth Presentation Templates

Get ready earth is all we have in common. consider the wise words of environmentalists, nature lovers, and the world's youth to save our globe. choose the best free earth powerpoint templates and google slides themes to go with your message. try it out, and everyone will love your show.

Educate Your Audience with Free Earth PowerPoint Templates and Google Slides Themes

• A variety of themes: Explore topics like Earth Day, the layers of the Earth, planets, March Equinox, slides for kindergarten, 5 layers of the atmosphere, and more.
• Eye-catching designs: Choose from multicolor infographic slides with stunning animations and high-quality images, including globe illustrations, earth core diagrams, spinning globe animations, and more.
• Easy customization: Edit text, graphics, and layouts to perfectly match your content and style.
• Multiple formats: Use your templates in both 4:3 and 16:9 aspect ratios, portrait or landscape orientations.

We're here to help you!

What are earth powerpoint templates.

Earth PowerPoint templates are the best presentation tool designed with the theme of the Earth to create an exciting presentation about Earth. With these templates, you can share some facts about Earth through your presentation.

How can I make an Earth PowerPoint Template for a presentation?

It is easier for PowerPoint designers to create a presentation template. If you're a beginner, you might feel challenging to design a new slide for your presentation. So better choose the best pre-designed templates. Also, check out our PowerPoint tips and tricks page if you want some design ideas.

Who can use Earth PowerPoint Templates?

This Earth PowerPoint template is the best choice for anyone who wishes to create a presentation on the theme of Earth. It will help you make an attractive presentation with unique icons in a minute.

Where can I find free PPT Templates?

You might have come across many free PowerPoint provider websites, but the design would not have satisfied you. So it's always better to trust a reliable website like Slide Egg.

Why do we need to use Earth PPT slides?

These ready-to-use Earth PPT slides are the best option for creating a quick presentation in no time. Also, it holds excellent graphics to make your presentation look creative and effective.

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Earth Day support: Environmental Topics Design Tips & Examples

Last Updated on September 9, 2022 by

Isn’t something wrong with our way of life? I see how most of the business activities and presentations as well, are focusing only on producing and selling more. But where does this consumption focus and belief in ever-lasting growth lead us? Can’t we do better, to care about our planet not only about profit? What can I do as a presentation designer to help? Read on to learn a few slide design tips on how you can present various environmental care topics effectively.

I ask these questions a lot recently, where businesses and society are heading. Maybe it started with this eye-opening book “Sapiens, A Brief History of Humankind” by Yuval Harari. Fortunately, I also notice a slowly rising awareness of environmental issues. I work with more and more presentations that promote changes towards sustainability.

On the occasion of Earth Day, I’d like to share a few slide design tips on how you can present various environmental care topics better.

As a presentation consultant, I would like to support presenters that talk about green projects, ecology, or sustainability topics. To help them share their message with an impact. Therefore I put together a few design tips that will help you make your slides look professional and stunning.

1. Do proper data research before the presentation

If you are about to create a presentation from scratch, it’s worth having a sound ground for the facts you plan to present. Pick up your data carefully. Today in the era of fake news and distorted statistics data it is important to base your presentation on reliable sources. Information sources from recognized international institutions, academic research papers,s or a university group are usually more trustworthy than information from an article in a tabloid newspaper or a social media post.

We can learn from an academic area, how to work with information sources. State clearly a list of references, to be transparent on your data. Properly done research papers require to have a peer review by some independent scientist.

In the context of presentation slides, a good practice is to mention a source of your fact right on the slide. Add a year as well, to show your research is up to date. 

2. Organize your facts to clear presentation structure

To ensure proper understanding and impact of your message, give your presentation a sound structure.

If you are going to have longer content, organize it into blocks. You can use a classical “hamburger” structure: 

• Think about how to start to attract attention. For that choose an attractive title. Follow with a quote or facts.
• Then develop each point, analyze reasons and show impact.
• Finish with wrapping it up, summarize main facts, and present the next steps.  

Here are examples of agenda and section slides. Such slides define the structure of a presentation, especially if it’s a long one.

3. Present the content visually on a slide, avoid long blocks of text

To keep the attention of your audience, avoid lengthy texts as much as you can.

I know lots of resources come from scientific papers. For example, a famous IPCC Report on Global Warming is a great source material but not in a very attractive form. To use those facts in a presentation you need to extract the essence and present it visually.

If you want to pass your message to the general population, you need to make it easier to understand. Add stories, examples, and illustrations people can relate to.

Below I show a few visualization ways you can use to replace text with visual.

Choosing a proper visual depends on your slide content. Take a minute, analyze what kind of information you present and then replace or enrich it with fitting graphics.

1st slide type: Text about a process? Show it by flowchart diagram.

It can be simple series of blocks and arrows or you can enhance it graphically. 

2nd slide type: Set of arguments can be presented as a list diagram.

If you already have bullet points in your material, present them in a visual form instead. 

3rd slide type: Presenting numbers as infographics 

Try to replace data tables at least with a chart. To make it more attractive you can enrich it with additional illustrations. You can illustrate categories by icons, use colors associated with nature (green, yellow, orange). Keep in mind that clarity is important here. Every decoration supports the information, doesn’t distract too much.

4. Finish presentation with clear next steps

Once you presented the problem, supported it with facts, it’s time to wrap it up. Tell what shall we do about it. Be clear in presenting the next steps. Whether it’s a single action or specific project steps, show it on a separate slide. Underline this is a final takeaway that people should walk out from your presentation.

Make such a slide stand out from the rest. You can use a full slide photograph as a background or use reverted color for a slide – if your presentation used white slides, use the color background here or vice versa.

Inspiration materials on environment protection and sustainability

These are books, presentations, and movies I personally recommend. They made me see the world from a different perspective. 

• A movie about human impact on nature:  David Attenborough:  A Life on Our Planet   recent movie
• On tackling Climate Change:  How to Avoid a Climate Disaster by Bill Gates
• On Sustainability and GDP focus nonsense –  TED talk  by Leyla Acaroglu
• Documentary series  Cosmos by Neil deGrasse Tyson , especially the Serie 2, Episode 12
• Amazing book about forest systems:  The Hidden Life of Trees ,  Peter Wohlleben
• Book  Sapiens, A Brief History of Humankind by Yuval Harari
• Website of  IPCC Report  on Global Warming

Graphics resources for green presentations

With our team, we have designed several visual materials, which include design tips and pre-designed graphics that you can reuse to make your environmental protection call more appealing. Here is a list of-ecology related visuals our designers had created.

• Climate Change Information Deck (editable PPT template). Free for ecological NGOs
• Plastic Pollution Information Deck (editable PPT template)
• Ecology & Waste Presentation Icons
• Sustainability Concept Icons , free upon request.

If you need some of these resources reach out to us. We are also open to wider cooperation ideas promoting these topics.

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Chief Diagram Designer, infoDiagram co-founder View all posts by Peter Z

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Free Earth Day Presentation Slides

The free earth day slides template is an all-in-one presentation deck for environmental awareness workshops and tutorials. Business professionals, politicians, environmentalists, NGOs, administrators, and earth lovers can use the free google slides theme for the world’s sustainable development initiatives. This symbolic presentation design never asks what topic you will present since it has the popular light olive-green background themes. The template contains visuals of trees, huts, and plants with olive green background. In addition, all the featured themes represent the judicious use of natural resources and the symbiotic relationship between the plant and animal kingdom.

The free earth day google slides template has many designs matching the presentation theme. It begins with a cover slide headlined earth day. The content slide next to the cover shows a picture of the dustbin. The ‘about us’ slide has a landscaping photo with trees, a team template, recycling template with in-organic waste disposal pictures. Our service template has four photo placeholders that show earth day pictures and, next to this, a slide displaying ocean dumping and environmental issues. After this, the tree diagram plant chart for growth presentation and ozone depletion template is next. The following two slides represent a pollution chart and a green building drawing with non-conventional energy devices such as windmills and bio-smokestack.

An environmental day template and layers of the atmosphere diagram are best for students’ interest in protecting the earth. Next, there is a chart slideshow for global warming. Next to this, a seismograph shows the rate of the earthquake. The next template is saying about deforestation issues. Finally, a device mockup slide, contact slide, and thank you slide are at the end. Download the free earth day google slide presentation for the environmental day!

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104 Environmental Speech Topics [Persuasive, Informative]

Jim Peterson has over 20 years experience on speech writing. He wrote over 300 free speech topic ideas and how-to guides for any kind of public speaking and speech writing assignments at My Speech Class.

Environmental speech topics and essay writing on angles of view regarding different aspects of our ecology for public speaking. Hope these helpful ideas will sparkle your fantasy!

In this article:

Informative

Environmental.

• The danger of ocean oil spills.
• Recycling should be mandatory.
• Why oil needs to be conserved.
• Why we should use reusable bags.
• Why palm oil should be banned.
• Ban mining in environmentally sensitive areas.
• Disposable diapers are hazardous to the environment.
• The environment is more important than genetics in determining how a person will turn out.
• The danger of oil drilling in Alaska.
• Fishing regulations are necessary to preserve the environment.
• Endangered species need protection.
• We need to invest more in alternative fuels.
• Endangered oceans deserve protection.
• We should strive for a paperless society.
• Conserve our global resources.
• Rain forests need to be protected.
• The principal threats of land degradation in Asia / Africa / South America (choose one continent for your thesis focus).
• Ocean acidification (a decline in the pH degree of ocean waters) endangers marine organisms.
• The main causes of massive coral bleaching (the whitening of corals).
• The advantages of an intercropping system for sustainable plant production.
• Environmentalists are misusing the term sustainable development.
• Why we should be concerned about ozone depletion in Earth’s stratosphere.
• Bottom trawling (dragging huge nets along the sea floor) is killing for the benthic ecological organisms.
• The benefits of microbes to humans.
• Make you own Carbon Footprint and realize how polluting you are.
• Why the carbon tax should be the next stage in our capitalist world.
• How to manage E-waste streams in modern India.
• Emissions trading or exchangeable emission permits work contra-productive in the urgency to blow back global warming.
• Debt-for-nature swaps are natural friendly policies.
• Renewable energy technologies like wind energy, hydroelectricity, biomass and solar power should be stimulated by the government.
• How to apply green ecological sustainable computing (or green IT) at your home PC or Mac.
• The BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico is the worst man-made mishap in American history. Environmental persuasive speech topics can also be found after that big crash at sea – e.g. in Nigeria.
• We should handle with care the dangers and risks of exhausting our fossil fuel resources on earth, and protect the innocent sea life.
• Global warming demands more joined global action than Kopenhagen did.
• Encourage livestock owners to adopt sustainable grazing systems.
• Environmental damage of energy consumption force us to use energy alternatives.
• Mankind is responsible for the large loss of biodiversity in nature.
• Avoid using plastic bags.
• Buy natural and organic produced, and fair trade products.
• Our ever-expanding consumerism has killed the earth.
• Sacrifice a little bit of the economic growth for the good of the environment.
• Give tax cuts to companies to develop solar, wind and forms of hydrogen energy.
• There should be a green tax on aviation fuel.
• Why stores need to stop supplying plastic bags
• Are green jobs really green and environmentally friendly?
• TV news program weather forecasts are not accurate at all.
• The only effective litter prevention method is to force recycling.
• Recycling helps with green house effects.
• Only energy efficient household appliances should be sold.
• Nuclear power is a good alternative energy source.
• Keep your thermostat at 68 F in Winter and 72 F in Summer.
• Hunting sports harm the biodiversity.
• Hundreds of thousands of species will go extinct by 2060.
• Buying durable goods will save the world.
• We are wasting the opportunity to waste less.
• Water pollution will be the world’s biggest problem in the next years.
• Natural disasters stimulate economic growth.
• We are killing the rainforest, our planet’s lungs.
• The change of our climate pattern is not natural.
• The effects of global warming are not overestimated by scientists and green activists.
• Restrict every household to 50 gallon can on trash and yard waste a week.
• Rural development is the main cause of wildfires and extensive damage in the past years.
• Energy alternatives are the only solution to the environmental damage.
• Paying higher energy prices is a sacrifice we have to make for cleaner fuels.
• Construction plans must include an environment-section.
• Promote earthfriendly cars by tax benefits.

Why can’t the discussion about nuclear energy just be about the sole bare facts instead of political bias all the time?

6 additional persuasive environmental speech topics

Persuasive environmental speech topics to increase the quality of your persuasive communication skills, detailed layouts on Natural Resources, Radio Active Waste Management, and Intensive Farming  are even applicable on essay writing goals.

Can We Write Your Speech?

Get your audience blown away with help from a professional speechwriter. Free proofreading and copy-editing included.

Examine the opportunities I offer, and assemble you own speaking text based on the sample series of reasons below.

That logic reasoning process in the end will result in a nice and substantial blueprint, and a sample argumentation scheme for a debate on good persuasive environmental speech topics.

Excessive Use of Natural Resources Leads to Depletion In The End.

Radioactive materials are – without exception I would state – firm persuasive environmental speech topics and essay discourse themes for students. E.g.:

Radio Active Waste Management.

Intensive farming has many pros and cons. In the next example I deal with the cons. Note that each of them could be used as single persuasive environmental speech topics for a debate or essay:

The Disadvantages of Intensive Farming.

You also could take the opposite side and defend the pro-intensive farming arguments by attacking and replacing them for reasons in favor of the supporters of intensive farming. That will provoke immediate discussion among your listeners. Furthermore I would like to share alternative options for persuasive environmental speech topics:

• Endangered species;
• Marine debris and microplastics;
• The sea level rise.

Endangered species – The international list of protected animals. E.g. the Red List of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature IUCN. Sharpen your persuasive communication skills and judge the conditions for protection.

Marine debris and microplastics – More and more are our ocean, seas, lakes and rivers polluted. Littering: plastic bottles, bags, and so on. Persuade your audience to act. Let them support coastal volunteer operations to remove and prevent debris.

The sea level rise – What is bad about it? What are the predictions of meteorologists regarding the reported weather and climate changes? What should we do to stop it? Is it possible to stop the rise of the sea level anyway?

• The fundamentals of logistics for oil and gas exploration.
• Wildlife protection programs.
• Plants, animals and organisms that live in the ocean.
• The greatest rainforests in the world.
• Facts and figures of littering in our community
• Domestic water waste treatment plans.
• Safety issues of nuclear power plants.
• Local communities can contribute to maintenance of fragile ecosystems.
• Global concern about climate change rose dramatically after Al Gore made his documentary.
• The importance of sustainable development for future generations.
• What is at stake with greenhouse carbon gas emissions?
• Water is the upcoming hot issue in the Middle East.
• Availability and purity of water.
• The Burj Khalifa skyscraper in Dubai – the smart innovative energy reuser.
• South-American tropical forests.
• Global climate change is not only caused by humans.
• We need a healthy environment.
• The effects of global warming.
• Why conserving energy is important.
• The negative aspects of a polluted environment.
• The great Pacific garbage patch.
• The ways that water pollution is harmful.
• The effects of industrial and household waste.
• What is global warming?
• The benefits of organic farming.
• Why drought is a serious problem.
• The pollution of today’s world.
• The importance of reducing, reusing, and recycling.
• The effects of environmental degradation.
• Why should we save birds.
• Why we should save the Ganges.
• How to recycle different materials.

212 Speech Topics For College Students [Persuasive, Informative, Impromptu]

414 Funny and Humorous Speech Topics [Persuasive, Informative, Impromptu]

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217 Awesome Earth Science Topics For All Your Essay Needs

Are you ready to embark on an exciting journey into the captivating realm of Earth science? Whether you’re a student seeking inspiration or striving to improve your essay writing skills, this blog post is your ultimate guide. We’ve curated a list of 217 free Earth science topics that will spark your curiosity.

Additionally, we’ll share valuable tips to help you craft stellar essays and research papers that impress your professors. So, grab your pen and let’s dive into the fascinating world of Earth science exploration and effective academic writing!

Let’s Talk About Earth Science Papers

Earth science is a broad scientific discipline that focuses on understanding the Earth’s physical processes, its history and its place within the larger universe. It encompasses various fields of study, including geology, meteorology, oceanography, and astronomy, among others.

A good Earth science essay should effectively convey knowledge and understanding of the subject matter while engaging the reader. Here are some key elements that can contribute to a strong Earth science essay:

• Clear and coherent structure. The essay should have a logical structure with a clear introduction, body paragraphs that present and develop ideas, and a conclusion that summarizes the main points.
• Well-defined thesis statement. The essay should have a central thesis statement that clearly states the main argument or purpose of the essay.
• Accurate and relevant information. The essay should demonstrate a solid understanding of Earth science concepts and incorporate accurate and up-to-date information.
• Critical analysis and interpretation. A good Earth science essay goes beyond presenting information and includes critical analysis and interpretation of the data or concepts being discussed.
• Use of appropriate language. Use clear, concise, and precise language to convey your ideas effectively. Avoid jargon or technical terms that may confuse the reader.
• Visual aids and examples. Utilize visuals, such as diagrams, graphs, or images, to enhance the understanding of complex concepts or data.
• Proper referencing and citations. Give credit to the sources of information used in your essay by citing them properly. Follow a recognized citation style, such as APA, MLA or Chicago.
• Engaging and concise writing style. Keep your writing engaging and concise. Use active voice, varied sentence structures, and avoid unnecessary repetition.
• Proofreading and editing. Before submitting your essay, carefully proofread it for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Also check the overall coherence and flow of ideas.

However, one of the key elements of a great Earth science paper is its topic. A great topic can earn you bonus points from your professor. The good news is that you don’t have to waste any time searching for original topic ideas because we have a comprehensive Earth science topics list for you right here:

Interesting Earth Science Topics

Explore captivating subjects like plate tectonics, volcanoes, and the effects of climate change on ecosystems in our curated list of interesting Earth science topics:

• Plate tectonics: Unveiling the dynamic forces shaping Earth’s crust.
• Climate change impacts: Exploring the effects on ecosystems.
• Volcanic eruptions: Unraveling the mysteries of volcanic activity.
• Weather forecasting: The science behind it.
• Renewable energy sources: Examining sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels.
• Soil erosion: Investigating the causes and impacts on agricultural productivity.
• Geologic hazards: Earthquakes, landslides and their potential dangers.
• Ocean acidification: Consequences of carbon dioxide absorption by oceans.
• Sustainable water management: Balancing human needs with freshwater resources.
• Geological time scale: Unlocking the timeline of Earth’s ancient history.
• Space exploration: Discovering new frontiers beyond our planet.

Earth Science Essay Topics

Craft an engaging essay by choosing from a variety of Earth science essay topics such as the formation of mountains, the impact of erosion or the role of water in shaping Earth’s surface:

• The impact of climate change on coastal erosion and landforms.
• The role of plate tectonics in shaping Earth’s geology.
• The process of weathering and its effects on rock formations.
• Exploring the causes and consequences of volcanic eruptions.
• The significance of water cycles in sustaining life on Earth.
• Understanding the formation and characteristics of different soil types.
• The impact of deforestation on biodiversity and ecosystem services.
• Examining the formation and properties of different types of rocks.
• The role of glaciers in shaping landscapes and contributing to sea-level rise.
• Exploring the causes and consequences of Earthquakes and tsunamis.
• The importance of the ozone layer in protecting Earth from harmful UV radiation.
• Investigating the process of fossilization.

Earth Science Persuasive Essay Topics

Make a compelling argument in your essay by selecting one of our awesome Earth science persuasive essay topics. Take your pick now:

• The urgency of addressing climate change: A call to action.
• Renewable energy sources: The key to a sustainable future.
• The devastating impacts of deforestation: Time to save our forests.
• Ocean acidification: A silent threat to marine life and ecosystems.
• The importance of conserving water: Preserving our most precious resource.
• The alarming rise of plastic pollution: Urgent steps for a cleaner planet.
• The role of geothermal energy in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
• The significance of biodiversity conservation: Protecting Earth’s web of life.
• Fracking: Balancing energy needs and environmental concerns.
• The impact of air pollution on human health: Time for clean air initiatives.
• Overpopulation: Sustainable solutions for a crowded planet.
• The role of sustainable agriculture in mitigating climate change.

Meteorology Topic Ideas

Dive into captivating meteorology topics such as the causes and consequences of severe weather events with our unique meteorology topic ideas:

• The impact of El Niño on global weather patterns.
• Exploring the formation and characteristics of supercell thunderstorms.
• The role of atmospheric pressure in predicting weather changes.
• Understanding the mechanisms behind hurricane intensification.
• Investigating the effects of climate change on precipitation patterns.
• Analyzing the relationship between air pollution and weather conditions.
• Examining the factors influencing tornado formation and path prediction.
• The significance of cloud types in forecasting severe weather events.
• The role of jet streams in shaping weather patterns across regions.
• Exploring the impact of topography on local microclimates.
• Investigating the link between solar activity and Earth’s climate variability.

Easy Topics In Earth Science

Explore the basics of Earth science with easy topics covering rock types, the water cycle, or different soil characteristics with our list of easy topics in Earth science:

• The formation and types of rocks found on Earth.
• Exploring the water cycle and its importance in Earth’s ecosystems.
• Understanding the movement of Earth’s continents.
• The role of volcanoes in releasing gases.
• Investigating the causes and effects of Earthquakes.
• Exploring the different types and properties of soil on Earth.
• Examining the impact of erosion on landforms and ecosystems.
• The significance of fossils in understanding Earth’s history and evolution.
• Understanding the formation and features karst landscapes.
• Exploring the importance of biodiversity in maintaining Earth’s ecosystems.
• Investigating the effects of climate change on Earth’s polar regions.
• The role of glaciers in shaping landforms and contributing to sea-level rise.
• Understanding the processes of weathering.

Soil Science Topic Ideas

Investigate the role of soil in agriculture, the effects of erosion on ecosystems, or the impact of soil pollution on human health with our original soil science topic ideas:

• Soil erosion: Causes, impacts, and prevention measures.
• Nutrient cycling in agricultural soils: Processes and management strategies.
• Soil pollution: Sources, effects, and remediation techniques.
• Soil pH and its influence on plant growth.
• Soil compaction: Implications for agriculture and remedial practices.
• Organic matter content in soil: Sustainable management practices.
• Soil microbiology: Role of microorganisms in nutrient cycling and soil health.
• Soil fertility management: Enhancing nutrient availability for crop production.
• Soil moisture retention and its impact on plant water uptake.
• Soil classification systems: Understanding soil types and their characteristics.
• Soil remediation techniques for contaminated urban environments.
• Soil carbon sequestration: Strategies for mitigating climate change.

Controversial Topics About Earth

Engage in debates surrounding controversial Earth science topics like fracking or genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Choose one of these exceptional controversial topics about Earth:

• Climate change: Causes, extent and human contribution.
• Fracking: Environmental impacts and potential risks.
• Genetically modified organisms in agriculture: Safety concerns.
• Deforestation: Balancing economic development and environmental conservation.
• Nuclear energy: Benefits, risks and the future of nuclear power.
• Animal agriculture and its impact on greenhouse gas emissions.
• Plastic waste and its effects on marine ecosystems.
• Vaccination versus vaccine hesitancy: Individual rights and societal impact.
• Geoengineering: Manipulating the Earth’s climate as a solution to global warming.
• Overpopulation: Resource depletion, environmental strain and ethical dilemmas.
• Electric vehicles and the future of transportation: Environmental benefits.

Environmental Science Research Topics

Conduct impactful research on environmental science by choosing one of our brand new environmental science research topics. Get bonus points on your paper:

• Impact of deforestation on local biodiversity and ecosystem services.
• Assessing the effectiveness of renewable energy sources in reducing carbon emissions.
• The role of microplastics in contaminating marine food webs.
• Investigating the effects of air pollution on human health in urban areas.
• Examining the relationship between climate change and agricultural productivity.
• Assessing the sustainability of current water management practices in arid regions.
• Evaluating the impact of industrial waste on soil quality.
• Investigating the potential of biofuels as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.
• Exploring the effects of ocean acidification on coral reef ecosystems.
• Assessing the ecological implications of invasive species in natural habitats.
• Investigating the link between deforestation and climate change feedback mechanisms.
• Examining the effectiveness of conservation strategies for endangered species.

Earth Science Topics For High School

Impress your teachers and peers by writing a paper on one of our Earth science topics for high school. Yes, all of these are tailored specifically for high school learners:

• The formation and characteristics of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions.
• Investigate the processes of erosion and its impact on landforms.
• Understanding the causes and effects of Earthquakes and seismic activity.
• Explore the dynamics of glaciers and their role in shaping landscapes.
• Investigate the processes involved in the formation of different types of rocks.
• Understanding the composition and layers of the Earth’s atmosphere.
• Explore the formation and features of different types of caves.
• Investigate the causes and impacts of coastal erosion.
• Understanding the formation and characteristics of different types of soils.
• Explore the role of plate tectonics in shaping Earth’s continents.
• Investigate the impact of human activities on the Earth’s environment.

Astronomy Topic Ideas

Embark on a cosmic journey with captivating astronomy topics, exploring the formation of stars and galaxies, exoplanets or the history of space exploration with one of these awesome astronomy topic ideas:

• The life cycle and evolution of stars in the universe.
• Investigate the properties and formation of exoplanets.
• Explore the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy.
• Study the cosmic microwave background radiation and its implications.
• Investigate the existence and nature of black holes.
• Understanding the formation and dynamics of galaxies.
• Explore the origins and composition of the Solar System.
• Investigate the potential for life on other planets and moons.
• Study the properties and behavior of supernovae.
• Understanding the structure and evolution of the universe.
• Explore the phenomenon of gravitational waves and their detection.
• Investigate the nature and properties of quasars and active galactic nuclei.
• Study the relationship between cosmic rays and high-energy astrophysical phenomena.

Earth And Space Science Topics

Uncover the interconnections between Earth and the cosmos with one of our interesting Earth and space science topics. All of these topics are 100% free for your use:

• Investigating the impact of space weather on Earth’s magnetic field.
• Exploring the formation and characteristics of impact craters.
• Understanding the processes associated with satellite collisions.
• Investigating the geologic history of other planets and moons.
• Exploring the role of water on Mars and the potential for past or present life.
• Understanding the interactions between Earth’s atmosphere and space weather events.
• Investigating the potential for asteroid mining.
• Exploring the formation and evolution of planetary systems beyond our own.
• Investigating the impact of coronal mass ejections on Earth’s climate.
• Understanding the role of gravitational forces in shaping celestial bodies.
• Exploring the potential for human colonization of other planets.

Geology Topic Ideas

UnEarth the wonders of geology with topics covering mountain formation, erosion processes, or the geological history of specific regions. Choose one of our geology topic ideas:

• Plate tectonics: The Earth’s shifting puzzle pieces.
• Volcanic eruptions: Unleashing the fury from deep within.
• Geological time scale: Unraveling Earth’s ancient history.
• Rock formations: Sculptures of nature’s geological artistry.
• Fossil record: Clues to life’s past hidden in stone.
• Earthquakes: Tremors that shape the planet’s surface.
• Geothermal energy: Harnessing the Earth’s internal heat.
• Mineralogy: Investigating the building blocks of rocks.
• Sedimentary processes: Layers of Earth’s time-stamped stories.
• Geomorphology: Shaping landforms through natural forces.
• Geological hazards: Understanding and mitigating natural risks.
• Glacial erosion: Carving landscapes with icy precision.

Earth And Environmental Science Topics

Explore the intersection of Earth science and environmental issues with one of these unique Earth and environmental science topics. All our topics should be perfect for 2023:

• Climate change: Understanding the global warming phenomenon.
• Renewable energy: Harnessing sustainable power sources for the future.
• Biodiversity loss: Investigating the decline of Earth’s species.
• Water pollution: Examining the impacts of contaminated water sources.
• Deforestation: Uncovering the consequences of widespread tree removal.
• Ocean acidification: Exploring the effects of carbon dioxide on marine ecosystems.
• Environmental policy: Analyzing the role of legislation in protecting the planet.
• Soil degradation: Assessing the depletion of nutrient-rich soils.
• Air pollution: Investigating the impacts of pollutants on human health.
• Sustainable development: Balancing economic growth with environmental preservation.

Fun Earth Science Topics

Pick one of our fun Earth science topics and start writing your essay in minutes. All of these topic ideas are 100% original and are guaranteed to get you a top grade:

• The wonders of weather: Exploring meteorological phenomena.
• Rocks and minerals: Unveiling the secrets beneath our feet.
• Volcanoes: Nature’s fiery spectacles and their impact.
• The water cycle: From raindrops to oceans and back.
• Ecosystems: Delving into the intricate web of life.
• Plate tectonics: How Earth’s puzzle pieces shape our world.
• Climate change: Unraveling the causes and consequences.
• The power of Earthquakes: Shaking things up with seismic energy.
• The role of glaciers: Carving landscapes and shaping history.
• Fossils: Unlocking ancient mysteries of life on Earth.
• Oceans: Discovering the vast realms beneath the waves.
• The delicate balance of ecosystems: Exploring interconnections.
• Space weather: Studying the Sun’s influence on our planet.

Earth Science Topics To Write About In 2023

Stay up to date with current advancements in Earth science by focusing on topics relevant to 2023. In fact, we have a whole list of Earth science topics to write about in 2023:

• The impact of climate change on coastal erosion patterns
• Emerging technologies for sustainable energy generation and storage
• Advances in predicting and mitigating natural disasters
• Ocean acidification and its effects on marine ecosystems
• Exploring the role of geothermal energy in a carbon-neutral future
• Unraveling the mysteries of Earth’s magnetic field reversals
• Investigating the link between air pollution and human health
• Assessing the long-term impacts of deforestation on climate change
• The role of volcanic activity in climate patterns and atmospheric chemistry
• Understanding the interactions between land, water, and atmosphere
• Analyzing the impacts of urbanization on local climate and biodiversity

Oceanography Topic Ideas

Dive into the depths of oceanography with captivating topics exploring marine ecosystems, climate change impacts on coral reefs, or ocean currents and tides. Here are some great oceanography topic ideas:

• The impact of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems.
• Explore deep-sea hydrothermal vents and their unique organisms.
• Understanding the role of ocean currents in climate regulation.
• The effects of plastic pollution on marine biodiversity.
• Investigate the causes and consequences of coral bleaching.
• Explore the mysterious world of bioluminescence in the ocean.
• Examine the influence of tides on coastal erosion and deposition.
• The role of upwelling in nutrient distribution and marine productivity.
• Investigate the formation and characteristics of ocean gyres.
• Understanding the impact of overfishing on marine food webs.
• Explore the ecological significance of marine protected areas.
• Investigate the link between climate change and ocean circulation.

Engaging Earth Science Topic Ideas

Capture your readers’ attention with engaging topics and write the best essay in your class. Here is a list of brand new and engaging Earth science topic ideas:

• Exploring the mysteries of deep-sea ecosystems.
• Unveiling the forces behind volcanic eruptions.
• The role of climate change in the decline of coral reefs.
• Unraveling the geological history of the Grand Canyon.
• How plate tectonics shape our planet’s surface.
• Investigating the fascinating world of weather patterns.
• The impact of deforestation on biodiversity.
• Understanding the formation of groundwater resources.
• Uncovering the secrets of ancient fossils.
• The science of Earthquakes: mitigating their effects.
• Exploring the consequences of natural disasters.
• The fragile beauty of glaciers.
• Investigating the potential hazards of asteroid impacts on Earth.
• The incredible diversity of rock formations.
• Examining the impact of human activity on ecological systems.

Informative Earth Topics For An Essay

Educate and inform your readers with topics focusing on biodiversity conservation, pollution impacts on ecosystems, or the benefits of renewable energy sources. Pick one of these informative Earth topics for an essay:

• The water cycle: How Earth’s precious resource is recycled
• Volcanoes: The fiery forces that shape the Earth’s landscape
• Coral reefs: Underwater cities of biodiversity
• Plate tectonics: Unraveling the puzzle of Earth’s shifting crust
• Weather patterns: Exploring the science behind rain, wind and storms
• Deforestation: Consequences of losing Earth’s green lungs
• Groundwater: The hidden reservoirs beneath our feet
• Fossils: Clues to the evolution of life
• Earthquakes: Causes, effects and measures for safety
• Hurricanes: The powerhouses of destructive storms
• Glaciers: Frozen giants melting away
• Asteroids: Planetary defense
• Rocks and minerals: The building blocks of Earth’s geology
• Climate change: Human influence on a changing climate
• Ecosystems: Understanding the interconnected web of life on Earth

An Essay Writing Service You Can Trust

An online essay writing service offers students a range of benefits when it comes to crafting Earth science papers. With access to a team of seasoned writers, students always receive high quality, custom written papers from our experts when they buy essay online here. Our service ensures fast turnaround times, providing timely assistance to meet strict deadlines.

Reliable customer support is available to address any inquiries or concerns along the way. By utilizing our secure online platform, students can confidently collaborate with professional writers to create papers that meet the expectations of their professors and teachers in university, college or high school. What are you waiting for? Get an A+ on your next Earth science paper!

What are key steps for writing an Earth science essay?

Research, organize your ideas, create a clear thesis, and provide evidence-based arguments. There are other steps involved, of course. Our expert English essay writing services can help you with your paper if you need assistance.

How to choose a compelling and relevant topic for an Earth science essay?

You should consider current issues, recent discoveries or ongoing research in the field. Or you can just choose one of our topics. We’re updating the list regularly.

How important is proper citation in an Earth science essay?

It is extremely important. Proper citation adds credibility, acknowledges sources and allows verification. Without it, you will get penalized.

What are some strategies for presenting complex concepts in an Earth science essay?

Use clear language, provide examples, make effective use of visuals, and structure your essay logically. Also, don’t forget to take into account the expertise of your audience.

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Center Director, Dr. Jeff Goldstein after a Family Science Night presentation attended by over 600 in Muncie, Indiana, gets swarmed by children. Click for Details

The Center’s staff researchers have given thousands of presentations to diverse audiences—students, families, teachers (at conferences and workshops), and the general public. The hallmark is audience participation, and the topics addressed span the Earth and space sciences. The central objective is to develop conceptual understanding of the universe around us by building bridges to the familiar—using the power of models .

Provided below are descriptions of presentations by our staff which were developed for Family Science Night at the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum and for Journey through the Universe . Presentations are available for communities nationally through To Earth and Beyond . Read comments from attendees of our programs.

In addition, presentations in classrooms by the Journey through the Universe Visiting Researchers—a National Team of scientists and engineers from research organizations across the nation—provide a personal view of scientific research, and are crafted by the presenters to dovetail with the local curriculum.

Sample descriptions of presentations by the Center’s staff—

Public and Family Programs; Keynote Addresses for Professional Development Events; and Keynote/Featured Addresses at Conferences 

A Voyage that will Forever Change Your Perspective of Home When we venture beyond our home and explore a greater landscape—whether it’s the town beyond our house, or a planet beyond the Earth—we gain a deeper sense of our own existence. It’s a fundamental principle of exploration. To truly know and appreciate our home, we must leave it. So to truly know and appreciate a place called Earth, we must venture beyond it, and recognize the breadth and majesty of a greater universe.

From another vantage point—we are integrally connected to the universe, and it to us—so to know the universe is to know ourselves. And while we may seem small in its shadow, beauty has nothing to do with size—for the universe is revealed with something the size of the human mind.

You’re invited to the story of our existence—a race of explorers, 6 billion tiny souls strong. It is a story that ignites wonder about the universe, and a sense of pride in our ability to reveal its nature through both human imagination and ingenuity. It is a story that humbles us, and brings a sense of humility to our lives. It is a voyage that will forever change your perspective of home.

Focus: inspiration to young and old—a wonderful family program; understanding the nature of our existence using the power of models

Celebrating the Past, Embracing the Present, and Inspiring the Future We live in a moment in time. It’s the place where the accomplishments of those that came before us meet up with what will be undertaken by future generations. It’s a great place to be, especially if you’re part of the future generation. By learning about the past both in terms of what we know and how we’ve come to know it, and talking to those that work on the frontiers right now, you can choose to shape the future. It’s pretty powerful stuff.  You are the link between the past and the future.

Focus: inspiration for students; scientists and engineers as heroes and role models

Human Exploration—the Journey Continues A wondrous look at who we are as a species and what drives us to the great frontiers.

Throughout history, humans have been space explorers. For thousands of generations we have looked to the sky and wondered about our place in the cosmos. Yet it was only 400 years ago that we first improved our view with telescopes. And only within the last 50 years have we become true spacefarers, able to travel beyond Earth’s atmosphere with robots and humans.

Standing on the shoulders of past generations, we have done remarkable things in our time. On July 20, 1969 we walked on the Moon. Today, peoples of the world are working together to build a space station—a research laboratory placed 200 miles above the surface of our world. Through the eyes of robots we’ve seen sunset on Mars, volcanoes erupting on a moon of Jupiter, and the awesome majesty of Saturn’s rings. With telescopes on the ground and in space we have seen the birth of other suns, found solar systems beyond our own, and have traveled back in time to see the universe as it was billions of years ago. We humans have even sent four spacecraft beyond Pluto en route to the stars with greetings from Earth aboard. Look what we have done!

Journey to the frontiers of flight in air and space to see how far we’ve come and what awaits the next generation!

Focus : the nature of human exploration ; history of space exploration

The Art of Science (for educator conferences)

Science is an art , and researchers are artists. Fundamental to science research is the explorer’s ability to ask questions, frame a pathway to an answer, and interpret what they find. It requires a deep understanding of core knowledge , which includes both core factual information and key concepts. It also requires an artists approach to critical thinking , where finely honed skills over time allow you to see a possible pathway from question to answer through the complex noise of the universe around us. This describes a process by which we can explore. It is the application of this process by the scientist or engineer that is the art.

Absolutely fundamental to an understanding of: core factual information and key concepts; the means to frame a possible pathway to an answer; and interpreting what one has found—the new knowledge , is finding ways to relate all of this to what is familiar. That is the function of models , and there are many different flavors of them. Put another way— models are arguably the most powerful tools in an explorer’s toolbox . Focus: the process of scientific inquiry; the power of models.

Presentations for Schools and School Districts

A Picture’s Worth a Thousand Words Did you ever wonder how a camera creates a photograph? Did you ever stop to think about the enormous amount of information a single photograph contains? For instance, the sizes, shapes, and colors of an object in an image can tell us a lot about its composition, even its origin. We can even take pictures in flavors of light that our eyes cannot see! We explore our entire universe through images. We’ve even sent cameras to other planets. Let’s use images of the planets through history to explore what we can learn through imaging science. Focus: imaging technology used for scientific research

How Big is Big? It’s a big, often intimidating universe out there. How do we even begin to fathom objects and distances that dwarf anything we’ve ever experienced? Earth’s place in space is knowable. The secret is placing the universe in a context that is familiar. Take a magical journey from spaceship Earth to points unknown. Focus: understanding the universe using models

Asteroids and Comets! Look up in the sky–it’s a bird, it’s a plane–why no it’s a rock. A big rock! And wasn’t that a snowball the size of city that just flew by? Visit some of the asteroids and comets in the Solar System, and see how these objects have affected life on Earth. Focus: small bodies of the Solar System

Fifty of Your Very Own Look up on a starry night far from city lights. What you’re seeing is but a tiny portion of the Milky Way, our home galaxy. Our Milky Way is a vast and swirling mass of 300,000,000,000 suns, enough to give 50 to every person on Earth! Come explore the different neighborhoods of the Milky Way, and gain an understanding of our home world’s place among the stars. Focus: the universe beyond the Solar System.

Saying Hi to E.T. on a Planet Far, Far Away Wouldn’t it be cool to talk to an alien? It’s not as far out as you might think. Right now a ‘hello’ from E.T. may be passing through your body as a radio signal! We might just need to point an antenna in the right direction, tune to the right channel, and listen in! That’s exactly what’s we’re doing around the world. Focus: astrobiology, communication

An Expedition to the Top of the World See what it’s like to be a scientist on a research expedition to the top of the world in the pacific. It’s about an expedition to one of the largest telescopes on Earth, atop 14,000 ft Mauna Kea, on the island of Hawaii. The mission: measure winds on other worlds! Focus: the nature of scientific research

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211 of the Most Interesting Earth Science Topics

Are you looking for the best and most interesting earth science topics? Sure you do, otherwise you wouldn’t be reading this blog post. Well, we have some very good news for you. Our expert writers and editors created a list of 211 interesting and 100% original topics about all the major fields of earth science. But why would you choose our topics and not continue your search?

Choose Our List of Earth Science Research Topics

We want to make it clear right from the start that all of these earth science research topics are 100% original at the time of writing. We have created each and every one of them ourselves, so you won’t find them on other website. In addition, because our staff has extensive experience writing academic papers, we can assure you that these ideas are not only interesting, but relatively easy as well. This means you don’t have to spend a week or more doing the research and writing the paper. In most cases, you will find more than enough information about the topic with a simple Google search.

Another reason to choose our list of earth science topics is the fact that all these topics are provided for free. You are not required to give us any credits. You are absolutely free to reword our topics as well. Our company is here to help students get top grades on their academic papers, so don’t hesitate to recommend us to your friends and peers. For now, we realize you’re anxious to see the topics. Here are our top 211 ideas for your next earth science essay or research paper:

Earth and Space Science Topics

Would you like to write about something related to earth and space? No problem! Check out these wonderful earth and space science topics and choose the one you like the most right now:

• Discuss climate and seasons on Earth-like planets
• The effects of the Moon on our planet
• Discuss Earth’s magnetic field
• The effects of planetary bodies on Earth
• Negative effects of a meteor strike
• Discuss the minerals present on Mars
• Harvesting energy from the Sun effectively
• Research the Earth-Moon system
• The effects of our galaxy on planet Earth
• Peculiarities of our solar system
• What would Earth be without the Sun?

Earth Science Regents Topics

Are you looking for the most interesting earth science regents topics? Our experienced writers have created a list of exceptional topics that any student can use right away, with no changes:

• What is the role of the atmosphere?
• Discuss the evolution of life on Earth
• Talk about the geologic history if the Everest
• Discuss the Sun-Moon-Earth relationship
• Pressing climate change topics in 2023
• Talk about plate tectonics
• What role does astronomy have?
• Talk about the evolution of meteorology
• Celestial motion in our Solar system
• Dwindling supply from water sources on Earth
• Analyze 3 rocks and minerals in your area
• Analyze the change in landscape in your area

Geophysics Topics

If you are interested in the field of geophysics, our experts have some of the most interesting geophysics topics you could ever find right here. Check them out:

• Why is oceanography so important?
• Discuss the importance of fluid dynamics in geophysics
• Mineral physics and radioactivity
• Magnetism in Earth’s magnetosphere
• Discuss the apparition of water on planet Earth
• The use of geophysics in the search for petroleum
• The concept of heat flow in geophysics
• The role of electromagnetic waves on our planet
• What is the most important benefit of gravity?
• The link between geophysics and atmospheric sciences
• Compare and contrast geophysics with geology
• Research the hydrological cycle in the Atlantic Ocean
• Magnetism in the ionosphere
• Problems caused by our Moon on Earth
• The effects of the Sun on planet Earth

Earth Science Topics for High School

Of course, we have plenty of earth science topics for high school students as well. Take a look at the list below and pick the topic you like the most:

• Discuss the composition of Earth’s crust
• An in-depth look at mantle convection
• The difference between fusion and fission
• How can we determine the age of our planet?
• Research the Alfred Wegener theory
• Talk about how planets are formed
• What is the magnetic polar wandering effect?
• What causes a subduction zone?
• Mountains and the tectonic forces beneath them
• The importance of accurate weather prediction
• Talk about the environmental policies in the European Union
• The worst natural disasters in 2023
• Preserving the mangrove forests
• Talk about the effects of using nuclear fusion as an energy source

Complex Earth Science Research Topics

Do you want to give a more complex topic a try? This can be a good way to impress your professor. Take a look at these complex earth science research topics and choose one:

• The effect of melting glaciers on our oceans
• Various types of minerals found in the UK
• Will the human species run out of clean water?
• Discuss the process by which rocks are formed
• What causes rocks to weather?
• Talk about metamorphic rocks
• An in-depth look at plate tectonics in the United States
• What is a Plutonic body?
• Why is the Earth round?
• 3 of the most important metals on Earth
• How is oil produced?
• The subtle signs of a powerful earthquake
• Why is the gravitational force so important?
• How long before we deplete our natural resources?

Interesting Earth Science Topics

We have selected the most interesting earth science topics across all the relevant fields and have placed them in this list. Select one of these ideas and get a top grade on your next essay:

• The formation of fossil fuels on Earth
• Talk about the continental drift (causes and effects)
• Discuss the composition of planet Earth
• How is oil formed?
• The most important rocks on Earth
• How are diamonds formed?
• Talk about the dangers of seismic waves
• An in-depth look at the interior of our planet
• Discuss the process of glaciation
• What causes faulting on Earth’s surface?
• Talk about industrial practices that can cause earthquakes
• Is Mars an inhabitable planet?
• Talk about physical weathering

Geochemistry Topics

Are you interested in geochemistry? It is a field of earth science, so you can safely write an essay about it. In fact, we have some excellent geochemistry topics for you right here:

• Differences between geology and geodesy
• What is major element geochemistry?
• Breakthroughs in elemental geochemistry in 2023
• Why is geochemistry important for the mining industry?
• Essential characteristics of IOCG-type mineral deposits
• The best software for geochemistry analysis
• Conducting a geochemical analysis on tap water in the United States
• Talk about low temperature aqueous geochemistry

Earth Science Topics for College

Our experts have years of experience writing academic papers for college students, so you can safely pick any of these earth science topics for college:

• The importance of petroleum geophysics
• The composition of Earth’s atmosphere
• Talk about the four spheres of Earth
• Talk about mining geophysics
• What is the Lithosphere and what makes it so special?
• What causes El Nino?
• Physical forms created by lightning strikes
• The damage caused by coal mining on our planet
• Talk about the lithosphere deformation effect
• An in-depth look at the Clean Air Act
• Discuss the biodiversity in the Amazon Forest
• The dangers of tropical cyclones
• The process of identifying a mineral
• The importance of hyperspectral remote sensing

Soil Science Topics

It may not sound like a difficult thing to do, but writing a research paper about soil science can take days. Here are some soil science topics that both interesting and easier to write:

• Discuss the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in soil
• Effectively managing municipal waste
• Talk about the importance of soil
• Compare and contrast alpine and arctic soils
• What causes soil erosion?
• Talk about the importance of rotating crops in the US
• The major applications in soil sustainability
• The benefits of manure for the soil
• Talk about the nutrient availability in eroded soil
• Negative effects of fertilizer on the soil

8th Grade Earth Science Topics

We have plenty of topics to 8th graders, of course. Don’t worry, these 8th grade earth science topics are not difficult to write about (and you will surely get an A or A+ on them):

• Describe the Moon and talk about its features
• What causes the tidal force? (talk about high tides and low tides)
• How is gold created?
• Why are diamonds so hard?
• How is rain created?
• What makes hydrology so important?
• How can we measure the age of the Earth?
• Why do you want to become a geologist?
• What is a tectonic plate?
• How old is our Moon?
• Talk about climate change and its causes
• Discuss the biodiversity in the United Kingdom
• What is magma?
• What are the 3 major types of rock?
• How is quartz formed?

Hydrology Topics

Writing about something in hydrology can be fun, and it could also persuade your professor to give you some bonus points. Here are our best hydrology topics for students:

• Talk about the soil hydrology in your area
• The hydrologic cycle in North America
• Talk about the chemical nature of water
• Discuss the process of melting ice
• Best ways to conserve water in 2023
• An in-depth look at reclaimed water
• The worrying effects of ocean pollution
• Plastics pollution at its worst
• The effects of the lack of water on the land
• Methods of supplying water in ancient Rome
• The many dangers posed by large bodies of water

Awesome Astronomy Topics

Did you know that writing about astronomy can lead to a top grade? It’s not an easy field, we know. However, we have some pretty awesome astronomy topics right here:

• Discuss the life of Aristotle
• The ongoing search for exoplanets
• The life and works of Ptolemy
• Is there any way we can travel back in time?
• What happens during a Sun eclipse?
• Why are black holes named this way?
• An in-depth analysis of a supernova
• Breakthroughs in space exploration in 2023
• What is a star cluster and how does it form?

Earth and Life Science Topics

Yes, we have plenty of earth and life science topics for students of all ages. We realize professors really like this field, so you should seriously consider choosing one of these ideas:

• The apparition of life on planet Earth
• The importance of meteorology studies
• An in-depth look at the temperate deciduous forest biome
• Talk about breakthroughs in oceanography
• Analyze the biodiversity of the ocean floor
• Effects of deforestation on gorilla habitats
• Analyze the biodiversity of a coral reef
• The amazing nature of termite mounds
• What can we say about the biosphere?
• Research the tropical rainforest biome

Environmental Science Research Topics

If you are searching for the best environmental science research topics, you have arrived at the right place. Check out our ideas and select the one you think would work best for you:

• What is driving the current climate change?
• Talk about the most important effects of bioremediation
• What is noise pollution and how can it be stopped?
• Renewable energy production in 2023
• A solution to our overpopulation problem
• Talk about signs of severe ocean acidification
• What would complete ozone layer depletion mean for humans?
• Analyze the 10 best ways to reduce pollution
• Effects of oil spills on the biodiversity in our oceans

Physical Geography Topics

Our list of physical geography topics will impress even the most demanding of professors. Pick any of these ideas and start writing your research paper today:

• Major breakthroughs in climatology
• Studying the formation of glaciers over the past 100,000 years
• The latest advancements in the field of biogeography
• An in-depth analysis of the worst climate change in 100 years
• Breakthroughs that can change the face of oceanography
• Making effective use of farmland in Venezuela
• Research rural health in mainland China
• We are rapidly running out of water sources

Easy Earth Science Research Paper Topics

Yes, we know you don’t want to spend too much time writing the essay. This is why we have compiled a list of easy earth science research paper topics just for you:

• What is a meteorite and why does one pose a problem if it strikes our planet?
• Talk about the human ecological footprint
• What would happen if the Moon would drift away?
• The negative effects of acid rain in China
• Can our Sun die? (talk about the effects of this)
• Analyze the Canadian environmental policy in the Arctic region
• Analyze 3 invasive plants in your area
• The main causes of drought in sub-Saharan African countries

Controversial Earth Science Topics List

If you want to pick a controversial topic to write about, you will be thrilled to learn that we have a controversial earth science topics list right here:

• Is global warming really as dangerous as people would have us believe?
• Putting a stop on the spread of microplastics in our oceans
• Negative effects of factory farming
• Drought and its effects in 2023 (does it spread?)
• How did our planet form? (was it the Big Bang?)
• Potential dangers of Ocean floor volcano eruptions
• A closer look at the decline of marine biodiversity
• The melting of the Arctic ice sheet and the rise of ocean levels

Best Earth Science Essay Topics for 2023

Because our writers are so experienced at writing about earth science, they can predict which topics will get you top grades in the near future. Check out our list of the best earth science essay topics for 2023:

• The evidence that supports the Big Bang theory
• An in-depth look at the concept of metapopulations
• Discuss the earth science behind wireless 5G networks
• Predicting the next major volcano eruption
• Why were constellations so important to ancient humans?
• Discuss the occurrence of dark matter in outer space
• Estimating the amount of rare metals on a meteorite
• The link between earthquakes and tsunamis

Topics for College and University Students

We have some topics that are a bit more complex than the average topic. These are aimed at college and university students. Here are our best topics for college and university students:

• Why did life in the oceans appear 150 million years before life on land?
• Which fossil fuel is found at the greatest depth and why?
• Explain how coal deposits are being formed
• Metal extraction methods in Medieval Europe

Geological Phenomena Topics

Yes, geological phenomena are a part of earth science. This means you can write your research paper on any of these unique geological phenomena topics:

• What causes excess production of methane?
• What is a fractal and why is it important?
• Talk about the processes involved in plate tectonics
• An in-depth look at the various igneous formation processes
• What causes moraines to appear in glaciated regions?
• Talk about the causes behind the continental drift
• Talk about the a sedimentary formation process in your area
• An in-depth look at the processes behind geysers and hot springs
• What can cause a landslide in the absence of water?
• Talk about the magnetic field of planet Earth

Our Expert Writers Are Ready to Help

Did you know that we can do much more than just provide students with the best topics? Our expert writers have extensive academic writing experience, so they can write a top-notch essay for you in no time. Because we have some of the best writers (all of them have at least a PhD degree) on the Internet, we can help you with any kind of paper, including theses and dissertations.

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For Earth Day, Try These Green Classroom Activities (Downloadable)

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Earth Day is April 22 in the United States and the day the spring equinox occurs in some parts of the world. It’s a day to reflect on the work being done to raise awareness of climate change and the need to protect natural resources for future generations. Protecting the earth can feel like an enormous, distant undertaking to young people. To help them understand that they can play a role by focusing on their backyards or school yards, educators can scale those feelings of enormity to manageable activities that make a difference.

We collected simple ideas for teachers and students to educate, empower, and build a connection with nature so that they may be inspired to respect it and protect it. Classrooms can be the perfect greenhouse to grow future stewards of the environment.

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33 Ideas To Meaningfully Celebrate Earth Day (2024)

April 22 is Earth Day! This annual celebration is an opportunity to raise awareness and advocate for change around the issues most impacting our planet — and celebrate the beauty of Mother Earth.

While the urgency of climate justice should inspire us all to spring to action on Earth Day — so should the exciting progress we’re already making.

So, this Earth Day, we invite you to look for the helpers , make your own meaningful changes for the planet, and tap into joy as a boundless resource for resistance and change. 

We’ve gathered some ideas to celebrate and nurture the planet, but first, here are a few quick facts about Earth Day!

5 Facts About Earth Day

• Earth Day was started by Wisconsin Senator Gaylord Nelson in 1970 to promote environmental policies on a national scale.
• Following the first Earth Day, Congress authorized the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency .
• Earth Day also led to the passage of the Clean Water and Endangered Species Acts .
• In 1990, Earth Day went global and mobilized 141 countries to participate in protecting the environment. 
• The date April 22nd was chosen for Earth Day to maximize the number of university (and K-12) students that could participate in celebrating the holiday.

We already know it’s important to learn more about and advocate for the health of the planet (and the people on it!) every day of the year, but it’s helpful to have somewhere to start. We’ve created a guide on how to celebrate Earth Day this year.

By the way, some of the links in this article (like books!) are affiliate links, which means if you make a purchase after clicking a link, we may earn a commission at no extra cost to you. Thank you!

Activities and Ideas: How To Celebrate Earth Day

Learn about the real environmental problems we’re facing..

Knowledge is power, and staying up-to-date with the challenges facing our planet helps us create better solutions, fight for equity and justice, and make real, lasting change.

It’s important that we confront the realities of the problems we’re up against. Here are a few facts to know and explore about our personal impact:

• Global average temperatures are on the rise , thanks to greenhouse gasses like carbon dioxide. Since 1880, Earth’s temperature has risen by an average of 0.14 degrees Fahrenheit per decade, but the rate of warming since 1981 is more than twice as fast , clocking in at 0.32 degrees Fahrenheit per decade. 
• The average annual carbon emissions per American is 20 tons, compared to a world average of 4 tons. 
• Food waste is also a major problem — a third of the world’s food supply is wasted every year , while 30% of the global population lives in a state of food insecurity . 
• The people in America most impacted by climate change are Black, Hispanic, and Latinx communities — who are statistically less likely to be responsible for climate harm .
• Systems of overconsumption and extraction lead to depleted environments and social inequity, as 80% of the world’s natural resources are used by just 20% of the population . 
• Personal responsibility is important, but it’s also key to remember that, according to the BBC , the fossil fuel industry has made an estimated $2.8 billion in profits per day for the last 50 years, governments around the world currently spend $1.9 trillion per year on environmentally harmful subsidies , and a small number of companies are responsible for a significant percentage of global emissions. 

While these are only a handful of examples of the challenges we’re up against, their impact is devastating. The results of climate change lead to some of the following predicaments:

• Extreme weather disasters , like floods, storms, droughts, and heatwaves are on the rise — and so is the displacement of people impacted by climate disasters .
• The global economy loses billions of dollars annually due to climate disasters , damage to infrastructure , lost productivity , and increased healthcare costs .
• Things like ocean acidification and deforestation impact plants and animals , leading to decreased biodiversity across the planet .
• Human health is threatened in a myriad of ways ; as we experience increased respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, allergies, food- and water-borne illnesses, infectious diseases, injuries, hunger, and threats to mental health. 
• Rising sea levels and melting ice can and will threaten coastal communities and low-lying islands — often where many Indigenous peoples live . 
• Food insecurity and water scarcity are exacerbated. 

All of this is bad news. But keep reading, because we have good news…

Read good news about the progress we’re making in the fight against climate change. 

Okay, so that was a lot to start out this list of Earth Day “celebrations.” But, fear not! There is hope, we promise. 

Plus, climate doom really doesn’t do much to help . So, once you’re feeling educated and informed about all the big climate challenges we have to face, give yourself a little boost of hope by learning more about some climate solutions worth celebrating.

We’re all about good news at ​​Good Good Good. And climate good news is our favorite. Here are a few to get you feeling inspired:

• Some animals are already rebounding ( butterflies , whales , tigers , bison , gorillas , and ugly animals !) thanks to thoughtful conservation efforts! 
• All of our action to restore the ozone layer since 1989 has paid off — and now it’s poised to make a full recovery ! Climate action works!
• Communities have already begun coming together to organize community composting efforts , build disaster-resilient neighborhoods , plant more urban trees to combat environmental racism, use building materials that absorb CO2 , turn sewage (yuck!) into green energy (yay!) , buy electric school buses , and paint streets white to reduce heat.
• People are even rethinking entire ways of organizing society and our economy to better serve people and planet. ( Doughnut economics , charging companies for producing trash , and governments paying to repair your stuff … to name a few.)
• Indigenous communities have long cared for the planet and continue to do so. In just the last few years, they’ve driven two oil companies out of the Arctic , are creating innovative solar solutions, continue to share their time-honored farming techniques , and are restoring and caring for forests in Colombia , California , and the Amazon Rainforest .
• We’re protecting oceans and marine life by… sinking old buses into harbors , adding oysters to filter polluted waters, 
• All kinds of people are stepping up to take climate action — from combat diving veterans and ‘ youth councils ’ to motorcycle fans and your retired grandma .
• And in weird good news … acrobats are using parkour to fight light pollution , coffee farmers are reducing food waste with delicious cascara , a brewery puts carbon emissions back into beers , a Google competitor plants trees with every search , a soccer club just went carbon-neutral , trees are tweeting , and scientists invented a sustainable kind of glitter made from fruit instead of microplastics .

​​→ Explore even more good news stories in our environmental good news hub

And check out our annual Environment Edition of our (fully carbon-neutral) Goodnewspaper !

Watch documentaries about the Earth.

Documentaries help us visualize and better understand big, overwhelming issues like climate change.

There is no shortage of Earth-centric documentaries and docuseries — and we’ve curated a whole list.

→ Explore the best documentaries about climate change

Subscribe to podcasts about the environment.

There’s nothing like an emotional support podcast that educates us and journeys with us to the gym, grocery store, or daily commute.

Here are a few environment-saving podcasts to tune into on Earth Day this year: 

• Outrage & Optimism
• Sustainababble
• The Joy Report
• Temperature Check

Read books about protecting the planet.

Saving the world sure would be a lot easier if we all had a guidebook. The good news is that so many environmental experts have lended their brilliance to books you can ethically buy or check out from your local library — so you can start learning even more about this beautiful planet we call home.

• “Climate Optimism: Celebrating Systemic Change Around the World” by Zahra Biabani ( Bookshop ) ( Amazon )
• “Saving Us: A Climate Scientists’s Case for Hope and Healing in a Divided World” by Katharine Hayhoe ( Bookshop ) ( Amazon )
• “The Hidden Life of Trees” by Tim Flannery ( Bookshop ) ( Amazon )
• “A Bigger Picture: My Fight to Bring a New African Voice to the Climate Crisis” by Vanessa Nakate ( Bookshop ) ( Amazon )
• “Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants” by Robin Wall Kimmerer ( Bookshop ) ( Amazon )
• “The Climate Book: The Facts and the Solutions” by Greta Thunberg ( Bookshop ) ( Amazon )
• “How to Save Our Planet: The Facts” by Mark Maslin ( Bookshop ) ( Amazon )

Learn about the Native lands you live on.

Climate activism has been built on the foundation of so many Indigenous communities, and the least we can do is learn more and acknowledge the stolen land on which we all live. 

Learn more about the specific land you occupy through this interactive map , which outlines Native communities across the globe.

Subscribe to some new sustainability newsletters.

There are plenty of reasons to subscribe to reputable climate-related newsletters: Because climate change is left out of relevant reporting , it’s utterly overwhelming to keep track of the latest environmental news, or it’s just much more accessible to find factual, hopeful non-paywalled news this way.

We’ve gathered some of our favorite sustainability newsletters to learn more and help combat climate change.

→ Explore the best climate and sustainability newsletters

Learn about intersectional environmentalism.

Intersectional environmentalism is a movement that demands that our planet and its people are both cared for and seen as interconnected. 

Developed and coined by Leah Thomas (the author of “The Intersectional Environmentalist: How to Dismantle Systems of Oppression to Protect People + Planet” ), the study of intersectional environmentalism is integral to everyone’s work as both climate and social justice activists. 

​→ Learn about intersectional environmentalism

Read and share quotes about the planet.

Sometimes, the experts can just say it better than we ever can. A good quote goes a long way to celebrate our favorite awareness holidays , and Earth Day is no exception!

We’ve thoughtfully curated several collections of quotes worth reading and sharing on this most special of days. Check out these articles:

• Best Earth Day Quotes
• Best National Parks Quotes
• Best Quotes About Trees
• Best Quotes From Yvon Chouinard
• Best Quotes From Jane Goodall

Plant or support a local community garden.

Connect with people in your existing local gardens , plant your own small patch of vegetables, or assist in food distribution and urban landscaping projects.

There are plenty of ways to get involved! Whether you’re a soil genius, or a skilled marketer who can spread the word about fresh produce, you can play a part in building a regenerative agriculture system right in your own backyard. 

Clean up litter in your community.

Cleaning up litter in your community is a small but mighty way to volunteer your time for the sake of the planet.

Register for a cleanup kit from Keep America Beautiful and track your cleanup progress with the Clean Planet Project app, too!

Restore nature in your area. 

There are so many opportunities to get involved in nature conservation, no matter where you live. Plant trees and native plants, help restore wildlife habitats, and team up with local experts to keep your community in harmony with nature and wildlife. 

You can visit The Nature Conservancy’s volunteer guide to find various volunteer opportunities near you. 

Help with wildlife and environmental research in your area. 

You don’t have to be a tenured professor to engage with environmental and wildlife research! Become a citizen scientist and help gather information for the pros. Here are a few fun ways to do that:

• Help out the Great Sunflower Project by planting lemon queen sunflowers in your yard. Once they bloom, all you have to do is count the number of pollinators that land on the sunflowers in five-minute segments. 
• Count birds! For real, that’s all you have to do. Celebrate migration season , count the birds you see in your area, and submit your data through eBird to help scientists track wildlife.
• You can also remotely count penguins and iguanas ! Seeing a theme here? 
• Not super stoked on any of these options? Comb through all kinds of projects of various disciplines with Zooniverse and see where you can best contribute to real-life research!
• Take Action

Donate to environmental justice organizations in your community. 

Indigenous and Black communities have been at the forefront of the environmental justice movement since the beginning. Yet, they lack access to the necessary funds and resources they need to protect our planet. 

When donating to environmental organizations this Earth Day, practice intersectionality , and redistribute wealth to grassroots organizations that count on your support to survive. Here are a few we recommend:

• Intersectional Environmentalist
• Black Farmer Fund
• Climate Justice Alliance
• Sunrise Movement
• Indigenous Environmental Network 
• Honor The Earth
• Living Lands & Waters

Urge your elected officials to enact meaningful climate legislation.

Every day is a good day to call your elected officials and urge them to take action against climate change. Whether it’s a fee for plastic bags in your city, or a campaign to stop a major oil rig across the country, any climate-forward legislation matters.

Not sure where to start? #Call4Climate and the Citizens Climate Lobby are great resources to turn to.

Work with political groups to champion environmental justice.

Check out the Citizens Climate Lobby and the Sierra Club to learn more about getting involved with political groups to champion environmental justice. 

Volunteering can look like canvassing, writing postcards, testifying to your local elected officials, or registering people to vote. No matter your type of activism , this work truly matters!

Make small lifestyle changes that benefit the planet.

We know nobody can ever be completely “zero waste,” but that doesn’t mean simple lifestyle or sustainability changes are unimportant! Even a few small changes can make a big difference. Here are a handful you can consider starting this Earth Day:

• Make energy-efficient home swaps .
• Choose seasonal produce next time you get groceries.
• Try to buy — and waste — less. And if you do need something, consider investing in mindful eco-friendly (or pre-loved!) products .
• Compost your food scraps. 
• Consider going meatless on Mondays.
• Commit to going a year without using plastic water bottles.
• Switch to paperless billing.

As you begin to find small ways to be more environmentally conscious in your everyday life, you’ll likely find more ways to create an even bigger positive impact over time. Let Earth Day be the start of a new personal trend.

Shop sustainably.

Listen, before we get any further, we have to remind you that you do not need to spend any money to take better care of the planet! The best way to be sustainable isn’t to buy the hot new eco-friendly items on the market, but to use up what you already have.

That being said, we know that sometimes even our most beloved essentials reach the end of their life cycle, and you want to be intentional when you buy something new. We have a whole section of our website dedicated to ethical shopping ! 

A big tip when making an eco-conscious purchase? Know how to spot greenwashing (and avoid it), look for sustainable materials and sourcing, and lean toward brands with certifications keeping them accountable, like Climate Neutral, B Corp, or 1% for the Planet! 

In the meantime, here are a couple of sustainable shopping guides to get you started:

• Best Online Thrift Stores for Second-Hand Clothes
• Consumable Gift Ideas
• Best Sustainable Bedding Brands
• Best Sustainable Bed Frames
• Best Sustainable Mattresses
• Best Sustainable Rugs
• Best Sustainable Candles
• Best Rechargeable Electric Lighters
• Best Recycled Glassware
• Best Eco-Friendly Products for Every Room In The House

Attend an Earth Day event.

Being in community with other climate activists and Earth-lovers is the best way to spend Earth Day. And the best part? There are so many Earth Day events around the globe!

Check out the official Earth Day website for a map of events , or check listings on Eventbrite and Facebook to find cleanups, seminars, celebrations, and more near you. 

Host a clothing swap in your community.

The fashion industry is one of the biggest polluters in the world . Aside from ditching fast fashion brands and shopping secondhand , you can also coordinate a clothing swap with your friends and fellow tree-huggers. 

Share your most beloved pieces, try new trends without the guilt of buying something new, and keep your clothes out of landfills all at once!

Go car-free for the day (and then see if you can keep it up). 

While you’re bopping around town at events and clothing swaps, see if you can carpool, take public transit, or ride your bike! 

There are plenty of ways to live without a car , and even if you just give it a go for one day, you might see that it’s a lifestyle shift you want to seriously consider.

Visit a local farmer’s market.

Boost your local agriculture economy! By late April, most major cities will certainly have farmer’s markets open and thriving, so Earth Day gives you the perfect excuse to source some in-season produce from your local growers.

If you’re not able to find a big market, definitely use the Farmstand app to find roadside farm stands to shop, too.

Plant native pollinators.

The real VIPs of Earth Day? Very important pollinators, baby. If you don’t already have a native pollinator -friendly yard or landscape, this is absolutely the time to start planting grasses and plants to help those busy bees (and hummingbirds) thrive.

You can find a list of native pollinator plants by state or region , and grab some seeds at your local nursery or home and landscape store. 

Visit a national park.

A visit to a national park is an opportunity to enjoy nature, protect the planet, and celebrate time with friends, family, and fellow park-goers. Of course, make sure you take good care of your public lands when you visit!

→ Explore all of our national parks-related articles

Celebrate National Park Week.

National Park Week actually kicks off on Earth Day, making it easy for you to continue your celebration of and care for the planet through the end of the month. Participate in activities and events to practice stewardship and appreciation for conservation efforts and public lands.

→ Explore our ‘How To Celebrate National Park Week’ guide

Spend time in nature.

The easiest way to celebrate this special day is by spending time in the great outdoors. Take a picnic to a local park, swing in a hammock (responsibly), go on a hike, or even pogo-stick to your heart’s content. 

Whichever way you choose to breathe in the fresh air, nature is calling. 

Highlight Earth Day in your company newsletter or blog.

Instead of using your company emails or website to highlight a sale or promotion, consider using it as an opportunity to discuss the importance of climate action. 

Include action items, celebration opportunities, and more, for your team, customers, and community to learn more about protecting the planet. 

Please feel free to share, quote, and link to this article as a resource in your newsletter or on your blog!

Enforce eco-friendly policies and practices in the workplace. 

Nominate yourself as your workplace’s resident Earth Lover, and help implement eco-friendly practices in the office. Compostable kitchenware in the break room? Getting rid of meat at company events? Investments in solar power? Helping your employees commute sustainably ? Energy efficient tech swaps? Printer restrictions to conserve paper and energy? The world is your oyster!

Get certified by 1% for the Planet, Climate Neutral, or B Corp.

Certification organizations like 1% for the Planet, Climate Neutral, and B Corp are amazing at helping to keep companies accountable when it comes to sustainable and ethical business. It’ll help your customers trust you, and you’ll find lots of support from other businesses working to operate more sustainably and thoughtfully! 

For Kids / At School

Read kid-friendly books about climate change and the environment..

Take story time outside and read some informational books about the planet! The amount of kid-focused climate content out there is astonishing, and we have the power to help shape the next generation through simple educational tools and priorities. 

Here are a few kids books about the planet to add to your bookshelf:

• “Spring After Spring: How Rachel Carson Inspired The Environmental Movement” by Stephanie Roth Sisson ( Bookshop ) ( Amazon )
• “We Are Water Protectors” by Carole Lindstrom ( Bookshop ) ( Amazon )
• “Old Enough to Save the Planet” by Loll Kirby ( Bookshop ) ( Amazon )
• “What a Waste: Trash, Recycling, and Protecting Our Planet” by Jess French ( Bookshop ) ( Amazon )
• “The First Rule of Climate Club” by Carrie Firestone ( Bookshop ) ( Amazon )
• “No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference” by Greta Thunberg ( Bookshop ) ( Amazon )
• “The Fog” by Kyo Maclear ( Bookshop ) ( Amazon )

Go on a nature walk or litter cleanup field trip.

Most kiddos will jump at the chance to take class outside — so let them! Go on a nature walk, plan a litter cleanup at recess, or even plan a fun scavenger hunt to learn more about the local environment.

Do an eco-conscious craft.

Get even more creative at the craft table and use recycled, found, or natural materials with your crew! Here are just a few ideas of how you can turn craft time into an eco-conscious learning experience:

• Make your own paper
• Plant a terrarium.
• Use leaves and other natural materials to make a self-portrait.
• Make an eggshell mosaic.
• Create collages with fabric or paper scraps.
• Learn how to sew or repair clothes and shoes.

Celebrate Earth Month, too.

Caring for the environment isn’t just about one day of lessons and actions. Help engrain this idea by continuing to focus on ways to practice sustainability. Start by simply highlighting Earth Month... and then — as April ends and May begins — continue to talk about the planet. Imagine the impact of a new generation of kids practicing environmentalism all year long.

→ Explore ideas on celebrating Earth Month

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do we celebrate earth day.

Millions of people around the world celebrate and recognize Earth Day as a means to both advocate for and protect the planet and its resources. Earth Day puts a collective global focus on celebrating and preserving the earth’s beauty for decades and centuries to come.

What is the theme for Earth Day 2024?

The theme for both Earth Day and Earth Month 2024 is “Planet vs. Plastics.” This year’s theme focuses on widespread awareness on the health risk of plastics, with the goal of pushing for a UN Treaty on Plastic Pollution and an end to fast fashion.

What was the theme for Earth Day 2023?

The theme for Earth Day 2023 was “Invest In Our Planet.” This year’s theme focuses on engaging governments, institutions, businesses, and the more than 1 billion citizens who participate annually in Earth Day to do their part — “everyone accounted for, everyone accountable.”

Which president started Earth Day?

Earth Day was started by Senator Gaylord Nelson in the spring of 1970 to bring environmental issues to the national agenda. President Richard Nixon was the first to celebrate Earth Day the following year and signed a proclamation for Earth Week , as well.

What day is Earth Day?

Earth Day is held every year on the same day, April 22. This year, Earth Day is on Monday, April 22, 2024.

When is Earth Week?

Earth Week is celebrated the week leading up to Earth Day. This year, Earth Week is held from Tuesday, April 16 to Monday, April 22, 2024.

Does every country celebrate Earth Day?

According to EarthDay.org, more than 195 countries are celebrating Earth Day this year.

What are some other environmental holidays?

Honoring and celebrating the earth goes beyond Earth Day, Earth Week, and Earth Month . We’ve curated a list of all environmental and sustainability holidays, weeks, and months to celebrate — all year long. 

April 22 is Earth Day! Celebrate with these action ideas and activities!

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News from the Columbia Climate School

Solar Geoengineering To Cool the Planet: Is It Worth the Risks?

When I first wrote about geoengineering in 2012 , it was considered far-fetched at best, and crazy by most. But 12 years later, while there is still controversy and considerable resistance to deploying it, respectable scientists and institutions are pushing for more research into geoengineering—the deliberate and large-scale intervention in our climate system to moderate global warming. Most of the current attention is focused on solar geoengineering, a strategy that involves reflecting sunlight away from Earth to cool the Earth. How much do we know about it and its risks? And where should we take it from here?

Why the growing support for solar geoengineering research?

For many years, all geoengineering research was discouraged by many scientists and experts for fear it would provide an excuse not to cut emissions. Some right-wing politicians such as Newt Gingrich promoted it as a way to reduce global warming without having to cut emissions. Geoengineering research is also controversial because there were and still are many uncertainties about its potential effects on the climate system and ecosystems.

Nevertheless, James Hansen , director of the Program on Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions at Columbia’s Climate School, who first warned Congress about climate change risks in 1988, and a group of over 60 scientists are calling for more research into solar geoengineering. In addition, the US National Academy of Sciences, the Environmental Defense Fund, the Natural Resources Defense Council and the Union of Concerned Scientists all support solar geoengineering research. A 2023 White House report also expressed strong support for the research. 

Experts say support for research is growing because humanity is not doing enough fast enough to reduce carbon emissions to forestall severe and worsening climate impacts. Due to air quality regulations, a decrease in the sulfur dioxide aerosol emissions from coal plants and shipping that helped shield Earth from solar radiation has resulted in the world warming faster than was previously projected, according to a new study by Hansen and colleagues. They project that warming will surpass 1.5°C by the end of this decade and 2°C by 2050, which could result in disastrous climate impacts.

The potentially catastrophic climate impacts and the possibility of passing climate tipping points , such as thawing of the Arctic permafrost or the dieback of the Amazon rainforest, could necessitate the use of what were once unthinkable strategies.

In an open letter , more than 110 scientists said that because of these serious risks, and the possibility of some desperate country one day resorting to solar geoengineering, it needs to be rigorously studied as soon as possible, with both benefits and drawbacks clearly assessed.

Most research into solar geoengineering strategies is currently focused on stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI, also called solar radiation management or SRM) and marine cloud brightening; other strategies include cirrus cloud thinning and the use of mirrors or sunshades. 

Solar aerosol injection

After Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted in 1991, sending 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, the Earth cooled by 0.5˚ C. When sulfur dioxide enters the atmosphere, it reacts with water vapor to form droplets—aerosols that reflect sunlight away from Earth. SAI would recreate Pinatubo’s effect by shooting sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere to temporarily block sunlight.

Harvard’s Solar Geoengineering Research Program claims SAI could lower sea surface temperatures, which would decrease the risks of coral bleaching, slow the movement of species towards cooler areas and reduce sea ice loss and glacier melt. Results would be quick and buy humans more time to cut carbon emissions and transition to renewable energy. 

But unlike CO2 removal, a multifaceted geoengineering strategy that has more acceptance, solar geoengineering does not reduce CO2 in the atmosphere. It would do nothing to address ocean acidification, which harms marine ecosystems, because the ocean absorbs 25% of the CO2 humans emit, altering its chemistry. Moreover, an abrupt use of SAI may not be effective enough to fully remedy changes caused by a warming deep ocean, such as the slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning , according to a recent study . Other problems caused by a warming deep ocean, including altered weather patterns, sea level rise and weakened currents, would also persist.

The uncertain impacts of SAI

Because there is no international governance for solar geoengineering, there is strong opposition to large-scale deployment of SAI. Almost all solar geoengineering research has been done with computer modeling, so no one knows exactly what might happen if it were deployed on a planetary scale. Those against advancing SAI research are worried about its potential and uncertain impacts on the climate and ecosystems that modeling has revealed. Studies show that SAI could weaken the stratospheric ozone layer, alter precipitation patterns and affect agriculture, ecosystem services, marine life and air quality. Moreover, the impacts and risks would vary by how and where it is deployed, the climate, ecosystems and the population. Apart from deployment variations, small changes in other variables, such as the size of the aerosol droplets, their chemical reactivity and the speed of their reactions with ozone can also produce different results.

For example, NOAA, Cornell and Indiana University studied a number of deployment strategies by using a model that varied the amount of sulfur dioxide injected into the stratosphere and also where it was injected. The results showed decreased surface temperatures but also a reduction of ozone over Antarctica and impacts on large-scale circulation patterns and regional weather. Twelve other models projected that if enough SAI were deployed to offset the warming of quadrupled CO2, parts of the tropics could have 5% to 7% less rainfall each year compared to preindustrial times, which could damage crops and rainforests. One model indicated that SAI deployed over the Indian Ocean to increase precipitation over the drought-stricken Sahel in North Africa would end up pushing the drought to countries in East Africa. And a 2022 study found that SAI could shift malaria from highland areas in East Africa to lowland areas in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa as they became cooler. 

According to Gernot Wagner, co-founder of Harvard’s Solar Geoengineering Research Program and currently a climate economist at Columbia, the most important and determinative modeling variables are how high up in the stratosphere and where specifically SAI is deployed. Wagner said that if only one hemisphere is cooled, you get “crazy results” such as turning off the Indian monsoon. “The science has more or less coalesced around the idea that you want to be [deployed] somewhere between plus and minus 15 degrees from the equator. And wherever you are around the equator, you want to do the same north as you do south,” he said. “It doesn’t matter which longitude because it will spread globally. By and large, the hundreds of climate models agree that [if SAI is deployed this way] you have more or less a uniform global effect. That means that most of the stuff that we can measure—temperatures, water availability, extreme temperature, extreme precipitation—gets closer to pre-industrial levels with solar geoengineering than without.” 

Wagner cited a Harvard paper that modeled a version of solar geoengineering with a slow ramp-up to halve warming. “When modeled in admittedly this idealized fashion, solar geoengineering seems to have these frankly surprising net benefits. The benefits dwarfed the costs by so much,” he said. “It is encouraging in a way that leads me to believe it is worth it to continue doing research.”

What would SAI deployment take?

In 2011, David Keith, Harvard’s Solar Geoengineering Research Program co-founder who is now at the University of Chicago, and atmospheric scientist Ken Caldeira estimated that to reverse 10% of the warming caused by a doubling of CO2 levels compared to the pre-industrial era, several hundred thousand tons of sulfur dioxide would have to be injected annually over a decade. To significantly slow warming or reverse it, SAI would require millions of tons of sulfuric dioxide each year. Currently only a few research planes can operate at the necessary altitude because the atmosphere is so thin, and in addition, they are not capable of carrying that many tons of sulfur dioxide. This means that a new fleet of high-altitude planes designed specifically for the purpose would have to be built; creating this fleet could take a decade or more. Once the planes are built, SAI could cost $18 billion per degree of cooling each year.  

While that sounds like a lot of money, Wagner said the cost is minuscule compared to the potential social benefits. But because the benefits exceed the costs by so much, which would normally lead us to conclude we should go headlong into SAI, a cost-benefit analysis is not the right criterion for making decisions about SAI. Rather, he said, “It’s about weighing the risks of unmitigated climate change—the world we are heading towards—against the risks of a world that also considers solar geoengineering.”

“But even if the risks are large, even if the climate uncertainties are so large as to dwarf everything else, since it seems to be true that solar geoengineering gets us closer to pre-industrial levels of global average temperatures, it should also help us mitigate and understand those risks and uncertainties,” said Wagner. 

Once begun, SAI would have to continue for a few decades if we manage to cut our emissions, or perhaps centuries or millennia if we don’t. But if SAI were stopped suddenly, the planet could experience  termination shock —when temperatures rebound to the levels they would have reached without SAI. Because SAI would not reduce greenhouse gas emissions but only mask their warming effect, emissions would continue to build up in the atmosphere. Right now, the planet is warming gradually. Sudden warming would be catastrophic because ecosystems and humans would have less time to adapt. And the faster the climate is changed, the greater the risk of unforeseen impacts. Natural disasters, terrorist attacks or political aggression could all potentially precipitate termination shock.

Small SAI experiments

Small field SAI experiments that enable researchers to better understand aerosol behavior, chemical reactions, monitoring capabilities and how ozone is affected, are increasing. 

In 2021, Harvard planned a small field trial that would have been the first experiment done in the stratosphere. The Stratospheric Controlled Perturbation Experiment (SCoPEx) would have launched a self-propelled balloon into the sky, releasing half a kilogram of sulfate—which is found naturally in nature—and then monitoring how the particles dispersed and how much sunlight was reflected off them. The test launch in Sweden was cancelled because of objections from the local Sami Indigenous people and environmental groups who feared that SAI “entails risks of catastrophic consequences.”

UK researchers launched several balloons in 2021 and 2022. The 2022 launch of a high-altitude weather balloon released a few hundred grams of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, with the goal of testing the balloon system.

Meanwhile, Make Sunsets , a startup company, says that as of April, it has launched 64 balloons and offset the warming of 32,785 metric tons of CO2 “for a year.” It sells “cooling credits” for $10, each of which, it claims, will offset the warming effect of one ton of CO2 for a year. In 2023, Make Sunsets conducted two unauthorized launches that released sulfur dioxide in Mexico, which resulted in the Mexican government stating it would ban solar geoengineering.

Marine cloud brightening

Marine cloud brightening (MCB) would spread sea salt aerosols into the atmosphere to create stratocumulus clouds that reflect the sunlight. Sea salt aerosols are highly reflective, attract water molecules and keep clouds in the sky longer than normal. While salt aerosols occur naturally as winds whip them up from the ocean, MCB would generate them from a floating barge and send them into the atmosphere. By its very nature, MCB would be localized. Some scientists claim using MCB over just 5% of the world’s oceans could offset the impacts of global warming.

The Great Barrier Reef Foundation has been researching MCB as the reef experiences its fifth mass bleaching in eight years. The reef is at the greatest risk of bleaching when the weather is hot and there are few clouds. Researchers employed a sea salt sprayer on a barge that sucked up seawater, atomized it and shot microscopic sea salt crystals into the sky. The modeling research found that the sprayers would need to operate for weeks to months, cooling the waters gradually. 

Recently, a group of atmospheric scientists proposed an MCB research program including modeling, lab studies and field experiments. University of Washington researchers, who are also running an MCB project, estimate it will be a decade before they know enough to try MCB at large enough scale to cool the planet.

Uncertainties about MCB

Large-scale MCB that could offset serious climate impacts, however, might also alter climate and weather patterns. A researcher from UC Santa Barbara found that while MCB could quickly lower temperatures, it would also suppress ENSO, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, which affects global weather patterns. MCB could cause the La Niña phase of ENSO to persist, which would make the southern US hotter and drier and increase Atlantic hurricane activity. The research suggested that MCB could also increase warming in Indonesia and Northern Australia.

Because of uncertainty about MCB’s effects, 101 countries as Parties to the London Convention and Protocol—international treaties that regulate the dumping of wastes at sea—signed a statement saying that marine geoengineering activities other than scientific research should be deferred.

Other solar geoengineering strategies

Cirrus cloud thinning  

High-altitude cirrus clouds are composed of ice crystals and thus reflect sunlight, but also result in warming because they trap the heat that radiates from Earth’s surface. Cirrus-cloud thinning involves spraying particles of silver iodide into the clouds at altitudes of 4,500 to 9,000 meters. This serves to enlarge the ice crystals in the cirrus clouds so that they fall out of the atmosphere. The fewer and thinner cirrus clouds that remain would trap less radiation from Earth. The risks of cirrus cloud thinning are not yet fully understood, and some researchers are concerned that it could affect regional and seasonal precipitation.

Some scientists are researching the possibility of sending a giant sunshade to a point between Earth and the sun to block solar radiation. An MIT group is exploring creating a shade of “space bubbles,” while University of Hawaii researchers are considering tying an enormous solar shield to an asteroid. Israeli researchers are designing a small prototype of a group of sunshades that would not completely block the sun but diffuse it. Others have proposed similar strategies in the past. But French scientist Susanne Baur, who studies solar radiation modification, says that the sunshade strategy would be too expensive, too easily damaged by space rocks and take too long to implement. 

The need for geoengineering governance

There is no international, national or state framework that currently governs geoengineering. As a result, one worrisome future scenario is that climate impacts in a particularly vulnerable country will be so severe that it resorts to deploying SAI on its own before the world is ready for it. This could cause political instability or provoke retribution from other countries that suffer its effects. Another possible scenario is that an individual or a startup decides to experiment with geoengineering on their own. Today in the U.S., anyone who wants to shoot aerosols into the sky simply needs to fill out a one-page form for the Commerce Department and NOAA 10 days beforehand. 

It is critical for the world community to establish an international governance structure for solar geoengineering. But because this is such a daunting and complex undertaking, many countries, organizations and scientists object to even allowing the research to progress.

In 2010, a global de facto moratorium on large-scale geoengineering, including solar geoengineering, was put in place. Recently a motion to convene a research group to study the potential applications, risks and ethical considerations of solar geoengineering was voted down by delegates at the U.N. Environment Assembly. The panel would have comprised experts from the UNEP and international scientific organizations. Because the motion might have undermined the existing moratorium, however, the African, Pacific, and Latin American countries, which are more vulnerable to climate impacts, blocked it. In 2022, 500 scientists from around the world signed a call for an International Non-Use Agreement on Solar Geoengineering , stipulating no public funding, no outdoor experiments, no patents, no deployment and no support in international organizations.

Wagner believes that a moratorium on solar geoengineering deployment is necessary, but that research should continue. “Basically, you say no deployment above a certain size, and you give permission for research to proceed up to that point,” he said. To ensure these guidelines are followed, high-level formal, legal, regulatory governance agreements to guide solar geoengineering research would be needed. Wagner would also like to see a solar geoengineering organization with a massively funded research program that tries to answer the important questions in a rational way, and that makes the research transparent to inform policy choices that should ultimately be made by democratically elected leaders. 

“Looking at climate radiative forcing impacts in a semi-rational fashion ought to lead you to conclude that a modicum of solar geoengineering should be part of the climate policy portfolio, because it does help take the edge off unmitigated climate change,” Wagner said. The portfolio should “include cutting CO 2  emissions in the first place, as well as adaptation.” But, he added, “SAI technology is not going to be the sole savior here. That is absolutely clear.”

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In as much that higher GHG concentrations and their deadly sequelae are “baked into the climate cake” for decades, controlled experiments with SAI and MCB should proceed promptly. And I don’t see why, ethically, the unfounded or counterintuitive concerns of ethnic groups such as the Sami, should condemn the lives of all Oceanic slanders. This seems like a case of “perfect” being the enemy of “good” in a world clearly headed for catastrophe.

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Two Small NASA Satellites Will Measure Soil Moisture, Volcanic Gases

Two NASA pathfinding missions were recently deployed into low-Earth orbit, where they are demonstrating novel technologies for observing atmospheric gases, measuring freshwater, and even detecting signs of potential volcanic eruptions.

The Signals of Opportunity P-Band Investigation (SNoOPI) , a low-noise radio receiver, tests a new technique for measuring root-zone soil moisture by harnessing radio signals produced by commercial satellites — a big job for a 6U CubeSat the size of a shoebox.

Separately, the Hyperspectral Thermal Imager (HyTI) is measuring trace gases linked to volcanic eruptions. HyTI, also a 6U CubeSat, could pave the way for future missions dedicated to detecting volcanic eruptions weeks or months in advance.

Both instruments were launched on March 21 from NASA’S Cape Canaveral Space Force Station to the International Space Station aboard SpaceX’s Dragon cargo spacecraft as part of the company’s 30 th commercial resupply mission . On April 21, the instruments were released into orbit from the station.

“Flying Ace” for Finding Freshwater in Soil and Snow

As a measurement technique, “signals of opportunity try to reutilize what already exists,” said James Garrison, professor of aeronautics and astronautics at Purdue University and principal investigator for SNoOPI.

Garrison and his team will try to collect the P-band radio signals produced by many commercial telecommunications satellites and repurpose them for science applications. The instrument maximizes the value of space-based assets already in orbit, transforming existing radio signals into research tools.

“By looking at what happens when satellite signals reflect off the surface of the Earth and comparing that to the signal that has not reflected, we can extract important properties about the surface where the signal reflects,” said Garrison.

P-band radio signals are powerful, penetrating Earth’s surface to a depth of about one foot (30 cm). This makes them ideal for studying root-zone soil moisture and snow water equivalent.

“By monitoring the amount of water in the soil, we get a good understanding of crop growth. We can also more intelligently monitor irrigation,” said Garrison. “Similarly, snow is very important because that’s also a place where water is stored. It has been hard to measure accurately on a global scale with remote sensing.”

High-time for HyTI and High-Resolution Thermal Imaging

“I study volcanoes from space to try and work out when they’re going to start and stop erupting,” said Robert Wright, director of the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa and the principal investigator for HyTI.

Hyperspectral imagers like HyTI measure a broad spectrum of thermal radiation signatures, and they’re particularly useful for characterizing gases in low concentrations. Wright and his team hope HyTI will help them quantify concentrations of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere around volcanoes.

Weeks or even months before they erupt, volcanoes often emit increased amounts of sulfur dioxide and other trace gases. Measuring those gases could indicate an impending eruption HyTI’s sensitivity to thermal radiation will also be useful for observing water vapor and convection.

“There are two science objectives for HyTI. We want to try and improve how we can predict when a volcano will erupt and when a volcanic eruption is going to end,” said Wright. "And we’re also going to be measuring soil moisture content as it pertains to drought."

Setting the Stage for Future Science Missions

Through its Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO), NASA worked closely with both Garrison and Wright to help transform their research into fully-functioning, space-ready prototypes.

“The ESTO program allows for scientists to have interesting ideas and actually turn them into reality,” said Wright. Garrison agreed. “ESTO’s been a great partner.”

For more information about collaborating with NASA to create new technologies for Earth observation, visit ESTO’s homepage here .

Related Link: SNoOPI: A Flying Ace for Soil Moisture and Snow Measurements

By Gage Taylor

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Tara Friesen

Cells are the fundamental units of life, forming the variety of all living things on Earth as individual cells and multi-cellular organisms. To better understand how cells perform the essential functions of life, scientists have begun developing synthetic cells – non-living bits of cellular biochemistry wrapped in a membrane that mimic specific biological processes.

The development of synthetic cells could one day hold the answers to developing new ways to fight disease, supporting long-duration human spaceflight, and better understanding the origins of life on Earth.

In a paper published recently in ACS Synthetic Biology , researchers outline the potential opportunities that synthetic cell development could unlock and what challenges lie ahead in this groundbreaking research. They also present a roadmap to inspire and guide innovation in this intriguing field.

“The potential for this field is incredible,” said Lynn Rothschild, the lead author of the paper and an astrobiologist at NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley. “It’s a privilege to have led this group in forming what we envision will be a founding document, a resource that will spur this field on.”

Synthetic cell development could have wide ranging benefits to humanity. Analyzing the intricacies that go in to building a cell could guide researchers to better understand how cells first evolved or open the door to creating new forms of life more capable of withstanding harsh environments like radiation or freezing temperatures.

These innovations could also lead to advancements in food and medical sciences – creating efficiencies in food production, detecting contaminants in manufacturing, or developing novel cellular functions that act as new therapies for chronic diseases and even synthetic organ transplantation.

Building synthetic cells could also answer some of NASA’s biggest questions about the possibility of life beyond Earth.

“The challenge of creating synthetic cells informs whether we’re alone in the universe,” said Rothschild. “We’re starting to develop the skills to not just create synthetic analogs of life as it may have happened on Earth but to consider pathways to life that could form on other planets.”

As research continues on synthetic cell development, Rothschild sees opportunities where it could expand our understanding of the complexities of natural life.

“Life is an amazing thing. We use the capabilities of cells all the time – we build houses with wood, we use leather in our shoes, we breathe oxygen. Life has amazing precision, and if you can harness it, it’s unbelievable what we could accomplish.”

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Members of the news media interested in covering this topic should reach out to the  NASA Ames newsroom .

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New findings point to an Earth-like environment on ancient Mars

Manganese-rich sandstones indicate there were once habitable conditions in the gale crater.

May 1, 2024

A research team using the ChemCam instrument onboard NASA’s Curiosity rover discovered higher-than-usual amounts of manganese in lakebed rocks within Gale Crater on Mars, which indicates that the sediments were formed in a river, delta, or near the shoreline of an ancient lake. The results were published today in Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets .

“It is difficult for manganese oxide to form on the surface of Mars, so we didn’t expect to find it in such high concentrations in a shoreline deposit,” said Patrick Gasda, of Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Space Science and Applications group and lead author on the study. “On Earth, these types of deposits happen all the time because of the high oxygen in our atmosphere produced by photosynthetic life, and from microbes that help catalyze those manganese oxidation reactions.

“On Mars, we don’t have evidence for life, and the mechanism to produce oxygen in Mars’s ancient atmosphere is unclear, so how the manganese oxide was formed and concentrated here is really puzzling. These findings point to larger processes occurring in the Martian atmosphere or surface water and shows that more work needs to be done to understand oxidation on Mars,” Gasda added.

ChemCam, which was developed at Los Alamos and CNES (the French space agency), uses a laser to form a plasma on the surface of a rock, and collects that light in order to quantify elemental composition in rocks.

The sedimentary rocks explored by the rover are a mix of sands, silts, and muds. The sandy rocks are more porous, and groundwater can more easily pass through sands compared to the muds that make up most of the lakebed rocks in the Gale Crater. The research team looked at how manganese could have been enriched in these sands—for example, by percolation of groundwater through the sands on the shore of a lake or mouth of a delta—and what oxidant could be responsible for the precipitation of manganese in the rocks.

On Earth, manganese becomes enriched because of oxygen in the atmosphere, and this process is often sped up by the presence of microbes. Microbes on Earth can use the many oxidation states of manganese as energy for metabolism; if life was present on ancient Mars, the increased amounts of manganese in these rocks along the lake shore would have been a helpful energy source for life.

“The Gale lake environment, as revealed by these ancient rocks, gives us a window into a habitable environment that looks surprisingly similar to places on Earth today,” said Nina Lanza, principal investigator for the ChemCam instrument. “Manganese minerals are common in the shallow, oxic waters found on lake shores on Earth, and it's remarkable to find such recognizable features on ancient Mars.”

Paper : “Manganese-rich sandstones as an indicator of ancient oxic lake water conditions in Gale Crater, Mars” Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets.

Funding : NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Nick Njegomir (505) 695-8111 [email protected]

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Earthquakes measuring over 3.0 rattle Dallas-Fort Worth area Wednesday afternoon

Two small earthquakes rattled residents in north Texas early Wednesday afternoon, the U.S. Geological Survey reported.

The quakes were recorded a little after 1 p.m. local time near Mansfield, Texas, about 35 miles southwest of Dallas, the USGS reported.

The first temblor was about 3 miles deep and measured a magnitude of 3.0. The second temblor was about the same depth and measured a magnitude of 3.2.

Reports to USGS "Did You Feel It?" page classified both earthquakes as intensity IV events in the area surrounding the epicenter.

Aftershocks were felt in the area but there were no immediate reports of injuries or serious damage.

The last earthquake that measured over a 3.9 magnitude with an epicenter within 50 miles of Dallas was a 4.0 magnitude temblor that occurred in 2015, according to earthquakelist.org

Earthquake Wednesday: Earthquake reported in Corona, California area Wednesday afternoon measuring 4.1

Texans react to earthquake

The area around Dallas is not known for earthquakes, driving some Texans to social media to confirm what they felt.