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• How to write a narrative essay | Example & tips

How to Write a Narrative Essay | Example & Tips

Published on July 24, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

A narrative essay tells a story. In most cases, this is a story about a personal experience you had. This type of essay , along with the descriptive essay , allows you to get personal and creative, unlike most academic writing .

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Table of contents

What is a narrative essay for, choosing a topic, interactive example of a narrative essay, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about narrative essays.

When assigned a narrative essay, you might find yourself wondering: Why does my teacher want to hear this story? Topics for narrative essays can range from the important to the trivial. Usually the point is not so much the story itself, but the way you tell it.

A narrative essay is a way of testing your ability to tell a story in a clear and interesting way. You’re expected to think about where your story begins and ends, and how to convey it with eye-catching language and a satisfying pace.

These skills are quite different from those needed for formal academic writing. For instance, in a narrative essay the use of the first person (“I”) is encouraged, as is the use of figurative language, dialogue, and suspense.

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Narrative essay assignments vary widely in the amount of direction you’re given about your topic. You may be assigned quite a specific topic or choice of topics to work with.

• Write a story about your first day of school.
• Write a story about your favorite holiday destination.

You may also be given prompts that leave you a much wider choice of topic.

• Write about an experience where you learned something about yourself.
• Write about an achievement you are proud of. What did you accomplish, and how?

In these cases, you might have to think harder to decide what story you want to tell. The best kind of story for a narrative essay is one you can use to talk about a particular theme or lesson, or that takes a surprising turn somewhere along the way.

For example, a trip where everything went according to plan makes for a less interesting story than one where something unexpected happened that you then had to respond to. Choose an experience that might surprise the reader or teach them something.

Narrative essays in college applications

When applying for college , you might be asked to write a narrative essay that expresses something about your personal qualities.

For example, this application prompt from Common App requires you to respond with a narrative essay.

In this context, choose a story that is not only interesting but also expresses the qualities the prompt is looking for—here, resilience and the ability to learn from failure—and frame the story in a way that emphasizes these qualities.

An example of a short narrative essay, responding to the prompt “Write about an experience where you learned something about yourself,” is shown below.

Hover over different parts of the text to see how the structure works.

Since elementary school, I have always favored subjects like science and math over the humanities. My instinct was always to think of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English. If there was no right answer, I thought, why bother? But recently I had an experience that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had thought: I took my first philosophy class.

Before I entered the classroom, I was skeptical. I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve—I really had no idea. I imagined something pretty abstract: long, stilted conversations pondering the meaning of life. But what I got was something quite different.

A young man in jeans, Mr. Jones—“but you can call me Rob”—was far from the white-haired, buttoned-up old man I had half-expected. And rather than pulling us into pedantic arguments about obscure philosophical points, Rob engaged us on our level. To talk free will, we looked at our own choices. To talk ethics, we looked at dilemmas we had faced ourselves. By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most interesting ones.

The experience has taught me to look at things a little more “philosophically”—and not just because it was a philosophy class! I learned that if I let go of my preconceptions, I can actually get a lot out of subjects I was previously dismissive of. The class taught me—in more ways than one—to look at things with an open mind.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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If you’re not given much guidance on what your narrative essay should be about, consider the context and scope of the assignment. What kind of story is relevant, interesting, and possible to tell within the word count?

The best kind of story for a narrative essay is one you can use to reflect on a particular theme or lesson, or that takes a surprising turn somewhere along the way.

Don’t worry too much if your topic seems unoriginal. The point of a narrative essay is how you tell the story and the point you make with it, not the subject of the story itself.

Narrative essays are usually assigned as writing exercises at high school or in university composition classes. They may also form part of a university application.

When you are prompted to tell a story about your own life or experiences, a narrative essay is usually the right response.

The key difference is that a narrative essay is designed to tell a complete story, while a descriptive essay is meant to convey an intense description of a particular place, object, or concept.

Narrative and descriptive essays both allow you to write more personally and creatively than other kinds of essays , and similar writing skills can apply to both.

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Communicating as an Engineer

In both academia and industry, engineers speak and write their ideas. While some communication tasks are completed individually, others are performed as a group. Engineers also work as project teams to write proposals and reports.

During your training as an engineer, you write and present large amounts of research. Typically, in academia, your instructor dictates what type of communication you'll use. For example, an assignment may require you to write a Technical Report instead of a giving a Presentation . Later, in industry, you may need to determine what type of communication to use in particular situations. However, most companies, like instructors, often provide guidelines for each communication type.

Types of Communication

The list below represents some of the most common communication types you'll use. Typically, content and organization distinguish each of these. However, you'll find variations on these types in both academia and in industry. For example, one instructor might identify the written results of a lab test as a Lab Report , while another instructor might call it a Project Report . Always check with your instructor or company policy to know what type is expected and what to include.

Design Reviews

Often, mechanical engineers participate in writing Design Reviews with design teams. Design Reviews serve as a way for teams to communicate their progress and concerns about a design. Typically, a design team includes various experts. For example, a team designing a product might involve marketing and manufacturing experts, as well as industrial, mechanical, and electrical engineers. Writing a review allows all parties to input and critique ideas before production begins. For instance, electrical engineers may have specific requirements or criteria to meet before they can attach circuitry to a mechanical component. Design Reviews are a good way for everyone involved in a design to formalize his/her concerns.

Graphics provide illustrated information to readers. In general, graphics are designed to make it easier for readers to understand your ideas. Deciding when to insert a graphic depends on the information you need to convey. For example, as you're writing, you find yourself struggling to describe a complex concept. Fitting your description within a few paragraphs is impossible, so you decide to create a graphic. Often, graphics are useful when concepts, designs, or processes are too complex or cumbersome to describe in written or oral form.

Poster Sessions

As an engineer, you'll participate in Poster Sessions during conferences and group meetings. A Poster Session allows you to display and discuss your work on a project or the results of your research. These sessions are popular in both academia and industry.

Inspections

Engineers typically write Inspections after evaluating an artifact and making assessments. For example, an engineer might inspect the condition of a bridge or pavement and then assess what repairs need to be completed. Often, regulatory agencies require that engineers inspect artifacts within specific time intervals.

The audience for Inspection documents is the people who need to resolve the issues presented in the assessments--a bridge Inspection is most likely delivered to the bridge authority managers. Inspections usually contain numerous photographs depicting an artifact to help the audience visualize an artifact's condition. When writing Inspections, engineers present their observations, not their recommendations. Decision-making is left to the audience.

Presentations

Mechanical engineers give Presentations when they work on projects and Proposals . Often, professional Presentations require you to verbally and graphically present preliminary designs to colleagues. On the other hand, if you attend technical meetings or academic conferences, you'll discover that engineers use Poster Sessions to present research and other technical information.

Lab Reports

Lab work is an important part of every engineer's training. During a lab test or experiment, you participate in a "hands-on" experience that no textbook or lecture can provide. Writing a Lab Report requires you to reflect on these experiences.

Engineers write Lab Reports to describe their work in labs. As an engineer, even if you don’t work in a lab, you might read and evaluate Lab Reports written by other engineers. Knowing what information to expect and how it should be presented can help you evaluate such reports.

L ab Reports are factual presentations of test or experiment results completed in a lab or simulation. Typically, Lab Reports discuss procedures as well as describe the details of a test or experiment. As a student, you'll write Lab Reports not only for a passing grade, but to learn from the observations you make. As an engineer in industry, you'll read many Lab Reports . Whether or not you write Lab Reports in industry depends on the company you work for and your position there.

The purpose of a lab report is to present the work completed in a lab test or experiment. This information may be used in several different ways. For instance, a lab report may explain why certain materials reacted the way they did. Or, perhaps someone will use the data from the report to make a decision about which material to use in a design or project. In this case, you may have to argue, based on your results, why a particular material is better than another. When documenting your lab work, always consider how someone will use the information.

As a student, it may seem as though your instructor is your audience. However, this may not always be the case. Your instructor may ask you to write for someone else, such as a peer in your class or a fellow engineer. Always check to see whom your audience is. This is important because you may need to explain a lab in more or less detail, depending on your audience. For instance, your audience may already know the procedures you used; therefore, you don’t need to explain these. On the other hand, your audience may be unfamiliar with the lab, and you might need to describe the lab set up, the equipment you used, and every procedure you followed.

How you develop a Lab Report depends on why you are writing the report (purpose) and who will read it (audience). Typically, a Lab Report includes specific information relating to the work done in a lab. This might include:

• Background Research on Testing Materials
• Lab Set Up Description
• Equipment Description
• Procedure Description
• Explanations/Conclusions

Project Notebooks

As an engineer, you should always keep a Project Notebook , containing notes of all your work. The Project Notebook provides a convenient place to keep track both of what you think about and the work you do on lengthy projects.

Letters, Memos, E-mail

You might assume that as an engineer, you won't have to write business letters, memos or e-mail. This assumption is wrong! Any college instructor will tell you that these skills are necessary in industry. Every project you work on will demand that you communicate with other engineers and clients about your ideas and research.

Engineers write Proposals to present a topic to be researched or to suggest a plan of action. Typically, consulting engineers send Proposals to other companies in order to get work. The Proposal then works to convince its recipient that a particular engineer or firm is the right choice for the job.

Narrative Writing

As an engineer, much of the writing you do is not specifically essay or creative writing, such as the writing you might do for a composition or poetry class. However, Narrative Writing is useful for explaining concepts or depicting situations that might otherwise be difficult to understand.

N arrative Writing involves telling a story. Typically, this writing is not accepted in the technical writing found in most engineering publications and in industry. Readers, specifically other engineers, expect what they read to deliver information in a straightforward way without comparisons or anecdotes. However, Narrative Writing can help readers visualize a concept or design in specific situations.

Public Meetings

As a civil engineer, you'll attend and conduct many Public Meetings. Since much of the engineering work you'll do centers around planning and decision-making, people, both politicians and citizens, want to know how you're spending their tax dollars. These meetings require strong presentation skills due to diverse audiences and situations.

The purpose of a Public Meeting is to communicate what plans or decisions are being made on a project. Typically, the information engineers convey at a Public Meeting is objective so that unbiased decisions can be made. A Public Meeting's purpose can change, however, depending on the audience and the situation.

A Public Meeting's audience can range anywhere from city council members to citizens. When presenting to any of these, engineers always consider what their audience already knows about a topic and what they expect to find out about a topic. They are also informed about how an audience feels towards a topic.

For example, homeowners living near a busy intersection are complaining about noise and traffic congestion. The city has plans to widen the streets at this intersection, thus welcoming even more traffic according to the homeowners. Civil engineers would discuss the city's plans to both city officials and homeowners. Obviously, they can expect support from city officials since they initiated the plan. The homeowners, on the other hand, are likely to be angry and have much to say against the proposal. The engineers' job, as presenters, is to cater to both audiences. They can justify why the streets need to be widened and how the noise and heavy traffic problems might be solved. They must present objective information to aid in decision making.

Operating Procedures

Engineers write Operating Procedures to ensure that the artifacts they create are properly utilized and maintained. Operating Procedures require a specific type of writing for a particular audience.

Civil engineers write Operating Procedures for different types of artifacts. These artifacts include single pieces of equipment, such as a pump, and more complex equipment, such as reservoir or wastewater treatment plant. Whenever engineers write Operating Procedures , they consider who will need to understand the information they provide.

The purpose of Operating Procedures is to instruct technicians and other equipment operators how to operate and maintain equipment. Operating Procedures are similar to VCR instruction manuals that inform you about how to operate the equipment.

The typical audience for Operating Procedures is the technicians who operate equipment. This audience varies, depending on the type of equipment and how detailed the procedures need to be. For example, some technicians are high school graduates who have been through training programs, while others have college degrees or various levels of technical knowledge. This audience then determines how engineers write the procedures and the language they use.

O perating Procedures combine technical writing with writing for not-so-technical audiences. For instance, instead of writing, "Turn knob B' 30 degrees counter-clockwise," an engineer may write, "Rotate the green knob to the left as far as it will turn."

Deciding between which of these two procedures to write depends on which the audience is more likely to understand and how familiar the audience is with the equipment. Consider a VCR instruction manual. The manual doesn't assume that you know the electrical terms for every component. Instead, the manual's goal is to familiarize you with how to operate the equipment on a non-technical level in a language that you can understand. Engineers write Operating Procedures in much the same way.

Engineering Reports

Just about every engineering project requires engineers to produce numerous reports. Some situations require only one report while others demand several reports to communicate work progress. The number of reports written typically depends on the type of project and who funds the project.

Engineers write Progress Reports to communicate the status of their work or when they reach a milestone. Typically, consulting engineers produce these reports; however, other engineers might write them as well. The main purpose of this document is to inform funding agencies, mangers, and co-workers of problems or changes regarding a project. Often, changes can affect schedules and even budgets.

A Progress Report can be as informal as a quick e-mail or as formal as a bound report. Its format generally includes information such as project background, the work completed, the work currently being completed, and the work to be completed. It also states any problems and presents suggested solutions either already implemented or to be implemented. The details in a Progress Report depend on who the audience is. For example, a client may be more concerned about the financial status whereas a supervisor may care more about when the work will be completed. An audience analysis is necessary to determine what details to include.

Policy Statements

P olicy Statements are regulatory documents that help ensure safety. Unlike Specifications and Codes that guide engineers as they create designs, Policy Statements are more concerned with specific procedures and operating decisions. As a student, you may not write Policy Statements , but as an engineer, many projects will require you to produce Policy Statements.

P olicy Statements are crucial in every day operating procedures, and they also play a large role in emergency situations. As an engineer entering the field, you probably won't write Policy Statements . However, as you advance into management positions, you're more likely to produce such documentation.

P olicy Statements are specific procedures that help ensure safety for operations. Often engineers write these documents as manuals and divide them according to specific areas of responsibility. For example, at a wastewater treatment plant, the procedures may be to bolt all large items to the floor and to keep the premises free of clutter at all times, i.e. no ladders left in the open.

Policy Statements also inform readers of specific design limitations and what actions to take should limitations be surpassed. For example, A storm hits a city and the amount of incoming wastewater surpasses the amount that can be treated by the wastewater system. Operators can then refer to a policy that states how much water can be treated in a given time and what course of action they should take.

The audience for Policy Statements varies, depending on different situations. Often, operators read these documents to inform themselves about equipment or operations. However, government officials or city engineers responsible for operations are also likely to read Policy Statements .

Specifications and Codes

As an engineer, it's likely that you'll read countless Codes and possibly write many Specifications . Depending on your position as a civil engineer, you may even be involved in creating Codes for other engineers to use.

When engineers develop designs for their projects, they consider many issues. In particular, civil engineers have to follow a strict set of restrictions known as Codes . These Codes help them write the Specifications needed for a specific design. Since many engineers develop public artifacts, they also have to consider how a design's appearance appeals to citizens.

Specifications are what engineers write after reviewing the Codes affecting their projects. Codes are regulatory sets of rules, so Specifications "specify" the work that will be completed in order to comply with specific Codes. Engineers must take Codes into account because these prescriptive rules assist them in meeting the minimum performance standards necessary for health and safety.

For example, in Colorado a foundation has to be at least 48 inches below the ground's surface. This is a Code. Engineers designing a particular project must then write the Specifications to follow this Code. So, they might state that the soil should be placed within a density range of x to y and that the moisture content is A to B. These are the Specifications .

Codes are mainly read by:

• Regulators, whose job it is to enforce Codes
• Engineers, who rely on Codes to write their Specifications
• Lawyers, who review Codes when an artifact fails.

Typically, citizens don't read Codes. Instead, citizens see the results of Codes in the artifacts designed by civil engineers.

Technicians read Specifications to help them maintain equipment. Since most technians don't have an engineering background, they don't understand technical engineering terminology. However, technicians are familiar with the equipment and tools necessary for maintenance.

At the same time, when engineers write , they can't assume any background knowledge. That is, they don't assume a technician is familiar with the way equipment reacts, etc. Instead of writing "Carefully remove the end cap," an enginner needs to consider that the pressure behind the cap could explode if the cap isn't removed properly. Specifications must be very specific and detailed.

General Format of a Lab Report

Some Lab Reports may be as simple as jotting down your results onto a piece of paper. Other reports are actual forms, requiring you to fill in blanks with the requested information. And still other reports are lengthy documents that include an Introduction and various other sections.

A Lab Report typically includes a title clearly identifying the lab. A title should be descriptive and accurate, but not wordy, verbose or too terse. And, of course, you should always include your name and the date on a title page, as well as any other information identifying the lab.

The abstract is a brief summary of the report. It typically ranges from 50 to 150 words, depending on the report’s length. Abstracts can be organized in a number of ways. A typical organizational pattern presents the objective of the experiment, briefly lists the procedures that were followed, and briefly reports the key findings. Depending on the importance of the findings, some abstracts report the results first.

Readers may expect, and require, a list of all the equipment used in a test. This list includes the equipment's name, as well as the equipment's number. Listing your equipment ensures that you use the same piece of equipment throughout a test.

Check with your instructor to determine whether or not this information should be included and where. You may need to provide a separate "Equipment" heading or include this information within the "Procedures."

Here is where you document everything you did during a test or experiment. In a way, this section is like a recipe because you present the exact steps you followed. In fact, someone should be able to read your procedures section and imitate the test or experiment exactly. More than likely, you’ll also incorporate graphics here to help describe exactly what procedures you followed.

In this section, you report the test's outcome(s). Here, tell your readers what the test measured with exact data. You might also include calculations or equations. This section may or may not include data interpretations. Some readers expect interpretations, or conclusions, to be a separate heading. Check with your instructor for what to include in your results.

Conclusions

In the conclusions, you comment on the outcomes of a test. Here, you might also speculate about the implications of the results or even about the methods used to obtain the results. Some readers may not expect conclusions. For example, engineers reading a report may interpret, or make conclusions, about the results themselves. Typically, as a student, however, you may need to interpret, or make recommendations about, the results for your readers.

Communication Conventions

The engineering field has many established writing conventions. These conventions affect how you organize your thoughts and how you phrase your research and ideas.

Most of the conventions you'll read about here represent what's generally expected when you communicate as an engineer. However, you may need to use different conventions in different situations. For example, your instructor may require you to use first person pronouns in a Technical Report, while the same report submitted to a publication may require the passive voice. Always check to know what's acceptable and what's not.

Headings & Subheadings

Headings and subheadings are good organizational techniques, and they also help readers locate information. For example, students writing a design report about a performing arts center used "Main Hall Acoustics" as a main heading and placed "Background, " "Materials," and "Design Considerations" as subheadings. This way, a reader interested in the necessary materials could quickly find this information without reading the whole report.

Additionally, headings and subheadings break up your text. They provide readers with visual stopping points. These stopping points help keep your reader's attention focused on your content rather than on where they are in the text.

Group Writing

Engineers often compose documents as a group. This occurs in both industry and academia when engineers have to present large projects. Writing as a group means that you have to work well together in order to assign tasks and complete the work.

Lists are effective ways to present information. Not only do they break down large amounts of text, but they're also visually pleasing. Lists are especially useful when you have to convey steps, phases, years, procedures, or decisions. When creating a list, consider writing phrases, fragments or even questions and answers. By avoiding full sentences in a list, your information is concise and more likely to engage your readers. For example, to receive a degree in engineering, you must complete the following:

• Core Courses
• Elective Courses
• Senior Design

Lists can be bulleted, as in the previous example, or numbered. Typically, you should use a numbered list when you need to stress the order of the listed items. Priorities and steps are best presented as numbered lists.

Graphics provide illustrated information to readers. In general, graphics are designed to make it easier for readers to understand your data. Deciding when to insert a graphic depends on the information you need to convey. For example, as you're writing a technical report, you find yourself struggling to describe a complex concept. Fitting your description within a few paragraphs is impossible, so you decide to create a graphic. Often, graphics are useful when concepts, designs, or processes are too complex or cumbersome to describe in written or oral form.

Active & Passive Voice

In the past, many engineers stressed that the passive voice should be used in writing. However, this trend is changing. Some instructors, publications and industries now accept the active voice in written documents. To differentiate between the two, consider the following:

• I used the electric identifier to solve the problem.
• The electric identifier was used to solve the problem.

The first sentence is in active voice. It stresses who completed the work, "I." The second sentence is in the passive voice. It stresses the work completed, "The electric identifier was used." Typically, if you use a first person pronoun (I, we) you are writing in active voice. Always be sure you know which voice you should use in your writing.

Many engineers stress that writing should be terse. Lengthy sentences and long paragraphs are signs that your writing is not terse. The reason why terseness is necessary to good engineering writing is because it helps your readers understand information quicker. For example, you can write five paragraphs about the procedures you followed during a lab, or you can summarize the key points in a paragraph or two.

What's important to remember about terseness is that you shouldn't give up any detail. In other words, don't delete large portions of text because you think you've been too wordy. Remember that good writing is descriptive, but it also gets to the point as quickly as possible. The information you present should always be relevant to your topic, as well as to your audience.

Like active voice, pronouns were once unacceptable in engineering writing. According to some engineers, using pronouns made writing more "personable" and less "scientific." However, this trend is changing. Some instructors, publications and industries now accept pronouns in written documents. For example, "We tested each sample," as opposed to 'The sample was tested." Before you begin writing, always determine whether or not it's acceptable to use pronouns.

Advice from Engineers

Engineers who've been in the field for years have learned that presenting information requires writers and speakers to consider specific issues. These issues can help you effectively present your ideas and research. In this section, we discuss the following:

Present Information Logically

Format your documents, know your purpose and audience.

The advice you'll read here comes from engineering instructors who have been reading student writing for years. As a result, these engineers have found that students need to understand how to effectively present information, how to format documents, and how to incorporate purpose and audience into writing. Following this advice can help you prepare organized, logical documents.

Many engineering professors note that much of the writing they read from students often doesn't have a "logical flow." By this, they mean that the writing doesn't present ideas in an order that makes sense. Consider, for example, that you are writing the procedures to a lab you conducted. Obviously, you should relate the steps you followed in the order you completed them. This way, your readers can visualize how you completed the tasks. You should also make sure that your entire document or presentation presents information logically. For instance, don't include conclusions or results in either the procedure section or the introduction.

Another common mistake many engineering instructors identify in student writing is that writers give little or no consideration to formatting. Whenever you produce a document, you should always consider how you've organized your thoughts and how you can make this known to the reader. For example, if you're writing a report, you should use headings and subheadings to alert your readers of the various sections your report presents. Then, bolding or somehow highlighting (with various font sizes, etc.) these headings can make them stand out to your readers. Also, consider how your document appears. In other words, you should use a consistent style (according to the style guidelines in your discipline). This includes margin sizes, line spacing, and even the title page you attach to the front of your document. The final draft your instructor collects should look good enough to send to a publication or a conference.

Many student writers don't consider why they're writing and who will read what they write, according to several engineering instructors. These are important aspects to consider even before you begin researching a topic. For example, by determining who your audience is and what your purpose is, you can then gather specific information instead of including everything that you might find on a particular topic. This way, you don't have to worry about presenting information that may bore or confuse a particular audience.

Perspectives on Communicating as an Engineer

Dave alciatore, mechanical engineering.

Writing Style

"Engineering writing should be very clear. When you enter the industry, you're expected to write efficiently and not be as creative as you may have been while in school. Your boss won’t want you taking a lot of time to write something and your readers don’t want to read more than is necessary. Good writing is structured, concise, well-illustrated, and therefore relatively short. I get fed up with long paragraphs because they take longer to read. "

Creativity in Engineering Writing

"Most engineering writing is rather dry. I usually count off for story telling, especially when students should be describing what they did and how they did it. If the material is straightforward and simple, it should be presented in a straightforward and simple way. Typically, it’s not professional nor appropriate to liven writing with stories. On the other hand, I’ve read some publications where analogies, anecdotes, and metaphors were used to depict a concept. One example was to show the limitations of technology. In the article, the writer compared a robot to an ant in a bath tub. Like the ant with its sensory limitations, the robot also has limitations. The conclusion was that a robot can’t operate in certain environments. It makes sense, though, that this type of writing is used with this subject matter. After all, in behavior based robotics, writers build comparisons between living creatures to show how we want robots to act. Usually a writer has to have a solid reputation in the field before readers will accept this type of writing."

Operating Manuals

"If you are designing and selling a product, you might have to write an Operating Manual . Your customers will need to know the product's features, maintenance information, and other general product descriptions. We've all read Operating Manuals at one time or another. Think about software manuals. Mechanical engineers write those, and may even write them for other engineers. For example, an engineer might write software that analyzes the stresses in a piping system and predicts the flow rate. Only an engineer can write the manual because it's very technical. It requires an understanding of how the software works. "

Types of Specifications

"As a mechanical engineer, you'll encounter many types of Specifications . One type is a maintenance spec. Engineers write these to illustrate how a system should be maintained. For example, technicians maintain turbine power generation facilities by lubricating parts, tightening bolts, applying paint, and replacing rubber fittings. Specifications tell them how to do this. Another type of Specification is a materials spec. Here, an engineer lists a material's properties and how they should be used. These might include temperature variations or corrosive environments. Other types of Specifications include operation specs and design specs. Engineers write Specifications for various stages in a product's design. Although Specifications can be boring to read, they must account for every detail affecting the product. "

The Legal Aspects of Specifications

"Specifications can become legal documents. For instance, another company might use your Specifications to build a product you've designed. They will follow your Specifications exactly. If you aren't satisfied with the final product, you can blame either yourself for not providing enough detail in the specs, or the company for not understanding the specs. Regardless, the final product is a direct result of what you presented in the Specifications . "

"Often, engineers combine operation specs and maintenance specs. These are called "O & M." That's something every engineer should know."

Patrick Fitzhorn, Mechanical Engineering

Terseness in Writing

"When I grade technical papers from students, the most common comment I write is "Why?" In order to be as terse as possible, many students make statements without providing back-up, support, or reasons to believe that’s the case. As much as terseness in writing is desired in engineering, that doesn’t mean you don’t have to justify what you write. You still have to explain how you arrived at decisions, etc."

Neil Grigg, Civil Engineering

Narrative Writing in Publications

"Narrative writing is acceptable in some publications, but most technical people don’t want to read anything like that. They demand cut and dry writing. I’ve noticed more creative writing in publications recently; however, it takes a lot of confidence to write that way. You don’t want to risk loosing your readers’ attention because of your creativity. "

Presentation Levels

"A comfortable situation is when you present information to a project team or other people, like city council, who understand engineering terminology. In a more formal situation, you might present your proposed plan to politicians and citizens. Or you might pitch a sales presentation to a panel selecting an engineering company for a contract. This is a formal situation, however, you should act informal, so they’ll like you. A hostile situation is at a large public meeting where citizens are usually against the proposed plan. An ultimate hostile situation is where you are threatened and need to take control. As a professional, you need to come across as neutral, unbiased. All of these situations are out there."

Explaining a Concept

"I worked with a group to write software for state government supply. At a meeting, we were setting up protocols, that is, who would own the software, who would modify it, control it, distribute it. I told everyone that we needed to stop discussing these issues and look at the future to see how the software would be managed. To do this, I used a narrative story."

"The year is 1999 and Judy is the software manager in Fort Collins. Jack works on the Western slope and needs to stay in contact with Judy. The two communicate via e-mail. They exchange files over e-mail, etc. This technology plays a major role in getting the job done. "

"From this story, everyone could visualize how this situation would work because the e-mail trend was apparent to everyone. A narrative story helped in that situation. "

Writing Specifications that Satisfy Codes and Citizens

"When engineers write Specifications , they must satisfy both Codes and citizens. Consider, for example, that an engineer must design a flood control channel in a stream. The control channel, according to the Code , must be big enough to pass a certain size flood. Since the control channel is visible to citizens, it must also be appealing. So perhaps the engineer will plan a bike path along the stream. The path will have flowers instead of concrete walls. It'll look just like a babbling brook and still have functional control channels. "

"The more complex a system is the more complex the Operating Procedures will be. Consider a wastewater treatment plant--it's like a human body. A plant has many systems: a flow system, an electrical system, and an environmental safety system, all of which have to be monitored and operated. Someone has to make sure these systems are in compliance with the standards, and that's what Operating Procedures accomplish. "

Derek Lile, Electrical Engineering

Being Hired as an Engineer

"When hiring, job recruiters look for someone with a reasonable reputation. They assume you already have technical abilities. What they look for are strong writing skills, good presentation skills, team skills, and leadership skills. "

Logical Flow

"Technical writing has a logical order to it, an accepted flow. It can be varied, but you better have a good reason to do so. Within sections, you should also have a logical flow. I've seen writing where the information is in the wrong section. For example, writers placing results in the conclusion section. I've also seen information placed in the wrong order. Instead of A leading to B, some writers jump directly to B."

"Engineering writing has a specific style. Open any publication and you'll see that style: never use personal pronouns, use the passive voice, etc. It's very impersonal. This is the accepted style, and I honestly don't know the history of it. In a technical paper we can't write, "I bought a bunson burner, I did this with it, and I made these measurements." This type of writing would get thrown out by any journal."

Carmen Menoni, Electrical Engineering

Engineering Writing

"Our approach to writing is similar to the way we, as engineers, work. Because writing is a process by which you start with something and you improve it by shaping it into a particular form. This is exactly what we do with an experiment. We start with a problem, devise a way to solve the problem, and then consider the outcome. Engineers do this type of analytical thinking. "

Structured Writing

"Engineering writing is very structured. We teach you to write this way because it's expected in industry. We all learn to write this way from reading published articles, our colleagues' work, and by writing ourselves."

Ken Reardon, BioChemical Engineering

Details in Engineering Writing

"Calculations, graphics and other engineering information are important details in writing, but you have to know how and when to use them. A good engineer must know how to integrate these details into the bigger picture to answer "why" questions with them. For instance, calculations can be used to make decisions or convince other people of your ideas. They support what you have to say. "

Developing Your Writing

"Some writers think that because they're writing as an engineer, they can use numbers and symbols instead of words. Not true. In these cases, the writing is almost always too terse. These writers need to learn the differences between what constitutes terse and what's enough explanation. I personally like writers to think outside the lines. Tell me what would happen in different cases and why. "

"However, it's important to come to the point and not write excess information. Most engineers discuss and hypothesize more than a scientist ever would. I don't want someone to say, "The answer is this." I look for the reasons why it is a certain way. As a writer, you should be efficient with your words; be terse, but don't leave out information. As an engineer, you look at problems and see multiple solutions. You then determine what solution is most effective. I want to know why. "

Tom Siller, Civil Engineering

"As a civil engineer, you’ll often be called into the public domain to make speeches. For example, when city councils propose ideas, they have a civil engineer talk about transportation or zoning or planning. In these types of situations, you can’t discuss certain information, so you have to portray yourself in a specific manner. "

Technical Presentations

"At technical presentations you have to present enough information in short amounts of time. People expect you to talk about something solid, but you have very little time to do this. You can’t introduce the topic or conclude as well as you would like, so you present the heart of the point very quickly. It’s challenging. You have to be concise. "

Writing in Industry

"Writing is more factual in industry and more team writing gets done. Because writers must convey a corporate image, individual ownership over the work is not as common. "

"For example, I worked on a group report with government contractors. The contractors just didn’t like what we wrote. We thought we presented factual information, and the contractors disliked it because it didn’t say what they wanted to hear. They didn’t read it for discovery; they read it for confirmation of their ideas. Here, the client determined the goals. After we were criticized, the company’s president defended us. We weren’t there because of the corporate ownership. "

"Codes are very precise prescriptions; they're not very narrative at all and are usually presented in very small paragraphs. They also get very microscopic. For instance, a building code might have several sub-codes within it, and so you'll see subheadings labeled as 1.1.2. "

"Typically, you'll find Code books in an organization's reference library. As a student, you may or may not use a Code books in your classes, but they are available in t he campus bookstore. "

Kowalski, Dawn. (1994). Communicating as an Engineer. Writing@CSU . Colorado State University. https://writing.colostate.edu/guides/guide.cfm?guideid=84

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A simple bridge truss was the first structure I ever analyzed. The simple combination of beams that could hold cars, trains, and trucks over long spans of water fascinated me. Having the tools to analyze the loads on the truss further increased my interest in structures. I encountered the bridge in a textbook for my first engineering class.

Knowing that the professor, Mr. John Doe, was a tough teacher, I asked him for the textbook so I could study and get ready for the class over the summer. Just arrived from Belize, I was determined to succeed. In class we learned about forces on simple members and then we put the members together to form a simple truss. At this point I had almost decided that structural engineering was the career for me. From there the class just took off: We went on to frames, distributed loads, considered friction; basically we were incorporating real world considerations into structural members. I loved the practical, problem solving aspects of the field.

At UC my classes were even more advanced. In my analysis and design classes, I especially enjoyed studying steel design because we not only learned the use of the load resistance factor design but also applied that knowledge — I designed a four-story building. The professor was a practicing engineer, and he always related the subject to real life steel structures he had engineered, for example, the SB Medical Center, an all steel building with a base isolated campus. This is the kind of project on which I would like to work, designing the structure and considering how the building will respond to ground motion. After two quarters of structural analysis, I had come as close as possible to analyzing real world structures. Looking back I realize, I had learned great tools for structural analysis, but my "tool box" was still inadequate. I lacked a very important tool: finite element analysis. According to my professor, finite element analysis has revolutionized structural analysis.

Although I liked my classes, my internship experiences really confirmed my interest in structural engineering. While working at Caltrans as a student volunteer, I reviewed computer grading output for streets under construction. The computer suggested numbers for the road grading, and I had to plot the numbers and make sure there were no abrupt grade changes so the water can drain off easily to the sides of the road. It was exciting to know that I was the last checkpoint before the whole project went for approval. It was enjoyable working on something real — Main Street — but I was somewhat disappointed I did not have the chance to work on any structures.

At UC I volunteered through the Student Research Program to work in the geotechnical library. I worked directly with a doctoral student and helped him to develop a geotechnical data base for the local area. I interpreted the data Caltrans had collected and recorded it in a form accessible to the computer and easy to read. It took hours to finish the job, but I enjoyed the precision involved so I did not mind putting in the time. My supervisor liked my work so much, he hired me to continue the project during the summer. Working on this project also showed me the importance of soils in determining buildings’ responses to earthquakes and awakened my interest in the response of skyscrapers to seismic stress and movement.

At First Choice U, I plan to enroll in the structural engineering and geomechanics program. In this program I hope to draw on my structural analysis and geotechnical research background as a foundation for studying more advanced concepts. I am particularly interested in researching the ties between the structural engineering, geomechanics, and applied mechanics. I believe research is necessary to acquire data and formulate theories, but it is just as important to know how to apply those theories and use that data in the real world. I hope to be involved in some structurally related research at First Choice U. I am particularly interested in two research facilities: The Structures and Composites Laboratory and the Earthquake Engineering Center.

After completing my degree in engineering and working on engineering projects, I know I want to design structures. That is what has fascinated me since I took Mr. Doe’s class. I also know, however, that designing structures of a complexity that appeals to me requires "more tools in my toolbox." Those I can acquire only by continuing my education. To be competent and competitive I will need a masters degree. After completing my degree, I would like to work for an American engineering consulting firm and engineer complex structures and tall buildings, perhaps focusing on the problems surrounding designing for earthquakes. My long-term goals are to return to Belize and found my own engineering consulting firm there.

Structural engineering will allow me to pursue a career where I can be creatively involved in problem-solving and design functional structures, like the simple truss bridge that initially captivated me in Mr. Doe’s class. My classes, work at Caltrans, and internship in geotechnical engineering have increased my knowledge of and interest in structural engineering since I first looked at the textbook shortly after my arrival in the U.S. A masters degree will give me the up-to-date tools and knowledge to be competitive and competent.

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Essays on Engineering

Crafting an engineering essay isn't just about equations and diagrams; it's a blend of science, creativity, and effective communication. We're here to sprinkle some wisdom your way with tips, prompts, and a bunch of inspiring ideas to get those engineering gears turning.

1. Prompts to Get Your Brain Buzzing

Let's explore some sample prompts. These will help you understand the types of questions you might encounter:

• Discuss the impact of emerging technologies on the field of civil engineering.
• Analyze the environmental sustainability challenges in modern electrical engineering projects.
• Examine the role of robotics in revolutionizing manufacturing processes.
• Explore the ethical considerations in engineering decision-making, using a real-life case study.

These prompts serve as springboards for your essay, guiding your thoughts and helping you structure your content effectively.

2. Brainstorming Epic Essay Topics

Choosing the right topic is the first step towards crafting an outstanding engineering essay. Here are some points to consider while brainstorming:

• Passion: Pick a topic that genuinely excites you. Your enthusiasm will shine through in your writing.
• Relevance: Ensure your chosen topic is relevant to current engineering trends or issues.
• Originality: Avoid well-trodden paths and aim for a unique angle or fresh perspective.
• Research Potential: Confirm that there's enough research material available to support your chosen topic.
• Practicality: Consider the practical aspects of your topic and whether it can be explored effectively in an essay format.

Once you've considered these points, you'll be better equipped to select a topic that'll make your essay stand out.

3. 20 Engineering Essay Topics to Ignite Your Imagination

Now, let's get those creative engineering juices flowing with a list of unique and thought-provoking essay topics:

• 3D Printing Revolution: Explore the impact of 3D printing technology on various engineering disciplines.
• Engineering Marvels: Analyze a renowned engineering project like the Panama Canal or the Burj Khalifa, highlighting its challenges and innovations.
• AI in Healthcare: Discuss the role of artificial intelligence in improving healthcare technology and patient outcomes.
• Sustainable Energy Solutions: Examine the advancements in renewable energy sources and their potential to combat climate change.
• Space Exploration and Engineering: Explore the engineering feats behind space missions, such as the Mars rovers or the International Space Station.
• Green Building Technologies: Analyze the latest trends in eco-friendly construction methods and materials.
• The Ethics of Autonomous Vehicles: Discuss the ethical dilemmas surrounding self-driving cars and their impact on society.
• Water Resource Management: Examine innovative engineering solutions for sustainable water supply and management.
• The Future of Transportation: Explore the possibilities of hyperloop technology and its potential to revolutionize transportation.
• Engineering in Disaster Relief: Analyze the role of engineering in disaster response and recovery efforts.
• Nanotechnology Breakthroughs: Discuss the recent breakthroughs and applications of nanotechnology in various engineering fields.
• Biomechanics and Sports Engineering: Examine the engineering behind sports equipment and how it enhances athlete performance.
• Space Elevators: Explore the theoretical concept of space elevators and their feasibility for future space travel.
• Renewable Energy Storage: Analyze innovative methods for storing renewable energy efficiently.
• Engineering in Art Conservation: Discuss how engineering techniques are used to preserve and restore valuable works of art and cultural heritage.
• Humanoid Robotics: Examine the development of humanoid robots and their potential applications in various industries.
• The Role of Engineers in Climate Change Mitigation: Discuss how engineers are actively working to combat climate change through sustainable solutions.
• Environmental Impact of E-Waste: Analyze the environmental consequences of electronic waste and potential engineering solutions.
• Engineering Challenges in Underwater Exploration: Explore the unique challenges engineers face in designing equipment for underwater exploration.
• Smart Cities: Discuss the concept of smart cities and how engineering plays a pivotal role in their development.

These topics offer a wide range of exciting possibilities to explore in your engineering essay. Pick one that resonates with your interests and dive right in!

4. Inspiration for Crafting Stellar Paragraphs

Now, let's sprinkle some inspiration on your essay with sample paragraphs and phrases that can elevate your writing:

Paragraph 1: Introduction

Engineering is the backbone of modern civilization, driving innovation, and shaping our world. In this essay, we embark on a thrilling journey through the fascinating realm of engineering, exploring its diverse facets, challenges, and contributions to society. From cutting-edge technologies to sustainable solutions, we'll delve deep into the heart of engineering excellence.

Paragraph 2: The Impact of 3D Printing Technology

3D printing technology has revolutionized the way we design and manufacture products across various industries. Its applications span from aerospace to healthcare, offering cost-effective and efficient solutions. For instance, in the aerospace sector, 3D printing has enabled the creation of intricate and lightweight components, reducing fuel consumption and carbon emissions. This breakthrough technology not only enhances engineering efficiency but also paves the way for a more sustainable future.

Paragraph 3: Ethics in Engineering Decision-Making

Engineering isn't just about technical know-how; it also involves ethical considerations that can have far-reaching consequences. Take the example of the decision-making process in designing autonomous vehicles. Engineers face complex moral dilemmas, such as how an autonomous car should prioritize passenger safety over pedestrians or vice versa. These ethical questions require careful examination and transparent discussions to ensure that engineering advancements align with societal values and priorities.

Paragraph 4: The Future of Sustainable Energy

As the world grapples with the impending climate crisis, engineers play a pivotal role in developing sustainable energy solutions. Solar panels, wind turbines, and energy-efficient buildings are just a few examples of engineering innovations aimed at reducing carbon footprints. For instance, the incorporation of energy-efficient materials in construction not only lowers energy consumption but also contributes to the longevity of buildings, reducing maintenance costs. This intersection of engineering and sustainability holds the promise of a greener and cleaner future.

Paragraph 5: The Challenges of Space Exploration

Engineering marvels are prominently displayed in the field of space exploration. The challenges engineers face are immense, from designing spacecraft capable of surviving the harsh conditions of space to ensuring the safety of astronauts during extended missions. The Mars rovers, with their remarkable ability to explore the Red Planet remotely, showcase the engineering ingenuity required for interplanetary exploration. These endeavors expand our understanding of the universe and inspire the next generation of engineers to reach for the stars.

And there you have it, dear engineering essay enthusiast! Armed with prompts, brainstorming tips, unique topics, and inspirational sample paragraphs, you're well-equipped to embark on your journey of crafting an exceptional engineering essay. So, roll up your sleeves, grab your keyboard, and let your engineering brilliance shine through your words. Happy writing!

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Engineering is a discipline and profession that applies scientific, mathematical, and technical knowledge to design, create, improve, and innovate various systems, structures, machines, and processes to address practical problems and meet human needs. It involves the application of scientific principles, empirical evidence, and practical expertise to develop practical solutions that improve the quality of life, enhance efficiency, and contribute to societal advancements.

Engineering has its origins in the earliest human civilizations, where primitive engineering techniques were employed to build structures and develop technologies to meet various needs. The history of engineering is a testament to humanity's ingenuity and problem-solving abilities. The roots of engineering can be traced back to ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Indus Valley, where advancements in agriculture, irrigation systems, and construction techniques took place. These early developments laid the foundation for engineering principles that are still relevant today. Over time, engineering evolved and diversified into various disciplines such as civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and many more. The Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries marked a significant milestone in engineering history, with the emergence of innovative technologies and machinery that revolutionized manufacturing processes and transportation systems. Throughout the 20th century, engineering continued to advance rapidly, driven by scientific discoveries and technological breakthroughs. The fields of aerospace engineering, computer engineering, and biomedical engineering, among others, emerged, shaping the modern world and expanding the boundaries of human capabilities. Today, engineering plays a vital role in addressing global challenges and improving quality of life. Engineers are at the forefront of designing sustainable infrastructure, developing renewable energy solutions, creating advanced technologies, and finding innovative solutions to complex problems.

Civil Engineering: This branch deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of infrastructure such as buildings, bridges, roads, dams, and water supply systems. Mechanical Engineering: Mechanical engineers work on the design, development, and manufacturing of machinery, engines, vehicles, and other mechanical systems. Electrical Engineering: Electrical engineers specialize in the study and application of electrical systems, including power generation, transmission, and utilization, as well as electronics and telecommunications. Chemical Engineering: Chemical engineers are involved in the design and operation of processes that transform raw materials into useful products, such as pharmaceuticals, fuels, and chemicals. Aerospace Engineering: Aerospace engineers focus on the design, development, and testing of aircraft, spacecraft, and related technologies. Computer Engineering: Computer engineers work on the design and development of computer systems, hardware, and software, including areas like computer networks, cybersecurity, and artificial intelligence. Environmental Engineering: Environmental engineers work to protect and improve the environment by designing sustainable solutions for waste management, pollution control, and resource conservation. Biomedical Engineering: Biomedical engineers combine engineering principles with medical and biological sciences to develop solutions for healthcare, including medical devices, prosthetics, and imaging systems.

Nikola Tesla: A Serbian-American inventor and electrical engineer, Tesla's work revolutionized the field of electrical power and laid the foundation for the development of alternating current (AC) systems. Leonardo da Vinci: Although best known as an artist, da Vinci was also an engineer and inventor. His designs and sketches showcased his visionary ideas for inventions such as flying machines, bridges, and military weapons. Thomas Edison: An American inventor and businessman, Edison is credited with numerous inventions, including the practical electric light bulb, phonograph, and motion picture camera, which revolutionized the modern world. Grace Hopper: An American computer scientist and naval officer, Hopper played a pivotal role in the development of computer programming languages. Her work on the development of COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) paved the way for modern software engineering. Elon Musk: A contemporary entrepreneur and engineer, Musk has made significant contributions to various fields, including electric vehicles (Tesla), space exploration (SpaceX), and renewable energy (SolarCity).

Innovation and Advancement: Engineering drives innovation by developing new technologies, products, and solutions to address societal needs. It fosters advancements in various fields, including transportation, communication, healthcare, energy, and more. Infrastructure Development: Engineers design and construct critical infrastructure such as buildings, bridges, roads, and transportation systems. These structures are the backbone of societies, facilitating economic growth, connectivity, and improved quality of life. Problem Solving: Engineers are problem solvers, using scientific and mathematical principles to analyze complex challenges and develop practical solutions. Their expertise is essential in finding sustainable and efficient ways to tackle global issues like climate change, pollution, and resource scarcity. Economic Growth: Engineering contributes to economic growth by fostering innovation, creating job opportunities, and driving productivity. It supports industries and entrepreneurship, leading to the development of new businesses and the generation of wealth. Safety and Sustainability: Engineers play a critical role in ensuring the safety and sustainability of our built environment. They develop and implement measures to mitigate risks, protect the environment, and promote sustainable practices in areas such as waste management, renewable energy, and urban planning. Global Challenges: Engineering is instrumental in addressing global challenges such as climate change, water scarcity, and healthcare accessibility. Through sustainable engineering practices, efficient resource management, and the development of resilient infrastructure, engineers contribute to a more sustainable and inclusive future.

1. The word "engineer" is derived from the Latin word "ingeniator," which means "clever contriver" or "deviser of engines." 2. The Great Wall of China, one of the most iconic engineering marvels, spans over 13,000 miles (21,196 kilometers) and took centuries to build. 3. The world's tallest man-made structure, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, stands at a height of 2,717 feet (828 meters) and required the expertise of thousands of engineers. 4. The Panama Canal, an engineering feat completed in 1914, shortened the sea journey between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by approximately 8,000 nautical miles. 5. The Hoover Dam, located on the border of Nevada and Arizona in the United States, generates enough electricity to serve over 1.3 million people and provides water to millions of acres of farmland. 6. According to the American Society for Engineering Education, the number of engineering bachelor's degrees awarded in the United States has been steadily increasing, with over 114,000 degrees awarded in the 2019-2020 academic year.

Engineering is a topic of utmost importance to explore and discuss in an essay due to its profound impact on society and the world we live in. This field plays a crucial role in shaping our infrastructure, technology, and quality of life. By studying engineering, we gain insights into the innovative solutions that engineers develop to address complex challenges and improve various aspects of our lives. An essay on engineering allows us to delve into the diverse branches of engineering, such as civil, mechanical, electrical, and biomedical, highlighting their unique contributions to society. It enables us to explore the fascinating history of engineering, from ancient marvels to modern advancements, showcasing humanity's quest for progress and innovation. Moreover, engineering is intricately linked to key global issues, including sustainability, renewable energy, transportation, healthcare, and urban development. By examining these topics in an essay, we can explore the ways engineers contribute to finding sustainable solutions, mitigating environmental impact, and creating a better future for all.

1. Bucciarelli, L. L. (1994). Engineering philosophy. Springer. 2. Budynas, R. G., & Nisbett, J. K. (2016). Shigley's mechanical engineering design (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. 3. Dowling, N. E., & Carew, A. L. (2015). Engineering your future: A comprehensive introduction to engineering (9th ed.). Oxford University Press. 4. Gere, J. M., & Goodno, B. J. (2017). Mechanics of materials (9th ed.). Cengage Learning. 5. Helsel, S. C., & Helsel, J. L. (2012). Engineering ethics: Concepts and cases. Cengage Learning. 6. Hillier, F. S., Lieberman, G. J., & Lieberman, M. A. (2013). Introduction to operations research (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. 7. Kutz, M. (Ed.). (2016). Mechanical engineers' handbook: Materials and engineering mechanics (4th ed.). Wiley. 8. Moran, M. J., Shapiro, H. N., Boettner, D. D., & Bailey, M. B. (2010). Fundamentals of engineering thermodynamics (7th ed.). Wiley. 9. O'Brien, J. A., & Marakas, G. M. (2010). Management information systems (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. 10. Shigley, J. E., & Budynas, R. G. (2014). Mechanical engineering design (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

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Beginning an Engineer's Journey: A Narrative Examination of How, When, and Why Students Choose the Engineering Major

2018, Journal of Engineering Education

Related Papers

ASEE Virtual Annual Conference

Soheil Fatehiboroujeni

Like many of National Academy of Engineering’s consensus studies, the 2018 Pathways report tells us what we maybe knew, but nevertheless needed to hear: students enter engineering education from diverse points of origin, and continue through to careers that are as likely beyond engineering as it is within it. However, a close reading of the report also reveals two voices. On the one hand, educators and administrators who were eager to point out that engineering can serve as rigorous preparation for a variety of subsequent occupations; and a smaller number of educators and practitioners such as NAE staff members, who in being aware of the literature on women and minorities in education, make the point that students enter engineering with diverse backgrounds and preparation, and this impacts their educational experience and eventual diversity of the career pathways they take. In this paper, we wish to present some preliminary results on student perspectives on how they navigate through their own educational transformation. What we provide is an early analysis of interview data gained from student interviews, which point to how student pathways are determined in largely interactionist terms, namely through their interactions with other students, instructors, and other staff. How students experience, and emerge out of well-known phenomena such as imposter’s syndrome (Parkman 2016), race and gender dynamics in group work (Rosser 1998), peer study groups, family obligations and influence, and their willingness or discomfort in engaging with support services shape what choices they make about their degree program, much of which is less about a departure from the field as they are about formative decisions on how they plan to chart their career going forward. Our analysis builds on symbolic interactionist studies, and specifically the notion of a student’s development of an identification with an occupation (Becker and Carper, 1956). However, in contrast to classic studies such as Becker, Geer, Hughes, and Strauss’ Boys in White (1961), where the substantial uniformity of their entering cohort of medical students produced a common pathway towards identification with the profession, the diverse backgrounds, value commitments, and preparation of students predispose engineering students to enter their field of study with very different mindsets. (The structure of medical education guarantees that all medical students have successfully navigated a premed curriculum, and have been selected into schools based on their abilities.) In contrast to studies that focus primarily on socialization processes that occur within an engineering school, our study places equal emphasis on each student’s prior background, and how this shapes their aspirations as well as experiences and encounters with an engineering curriculum and student cohorts. Our data set was initially designed to complement a large, faculty and administration dominated data set on institutional perspectives on educational reform (NSF-SES-1656125, SES-1655750, SES-1656117, collaborative). Eager to ascertain whether faculty perspectives on student experience were aligned with student experiences themselves, we secured an REU supplement through which seven current or former undergraduate students conducted semi-structured interviews. These student-researchers were themselves of diverse backgrounds, and rather than interviewing students at our own institution, these students used their personal networks (e.g. friends of high school friends; those affiliated with NSBE) in an attempt to match the diverse institutional demographics of our larger study, which included public and private universities; general universities, stand-alone engineering schools, liberal arts colleges, and community colleges; and both primarily white and Hispanic serving institutions. A subject selection matrix was also employed to maintain balanced distribution within our subject sample, with the project PIs helping to secure additional interviews to round out the demographic variation. We currently have N=26 interviews, and are reporting preliminary results even as we continue iteratively analyze and gather additional data. In this paper we feature student voices. Three of our undergraduate researchers will present their findings with regards to how their interviewees entered engineering; what encounters shaped their path through an engineering degree program; and what aspirations they have come to develop, going forward. The project PIs will present contextual information and our analytic framing of the phenomena, and conclude with preliminary observations about how we can extend symbolic interactionist studies of student experience and occupational identification in ways that are consistent with current conversations about student pathways. Some of our early findings indicate that student pathways are non-deterministic, with students serving as active agents in determining how they navigate challenging encounters; specific ways in which family background and obligations shape the experiences and options open to certain populations (first gen; Hispanic; non-traditional students); and the extent to which student support services do and don’t impact student trajectories. Overall, our work affirms the major findings of the NAE Pathways study, while adding specificity to our understanding of how students navigate through these different pathways.

Context: This paper presents narrative analysis as an approach for the study of lived transition experiences of students from a pathway program to a Bachelor of Engineering program. While recent research sheds some light on the transition experiences of students, a narrative approach provides students with a voice in relation to telling their own academic transition story. This provides insight into transition that cannot be captured by more traditional quantitative or even qualitative approaches. Narrative analysis, a method developed in the social sciences, explores the stories of participants as a unique data source, and privileges keeping the stories as wholes, rather than coding and categorising aspects to develop a generalised or transferable description. It prompts us to view students' stories as having a structure from which we can also learn - in other words, narrative analysis suggests that how students tell us their stories of their engineering education is as importa...

Sheri Sheppard

In researching undergraduate engineering persistence, defined as declaring an engineering major, at a private research university, we had an unexpected finding: students who do not initially express an interest in engineering at admission were migrating into engineering. In fact, over 25 percent of engineering majors who entered the university as freshmen in 2003 had intended to study a non-engineering major.

2015 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition Proceedings

Joachim Walther

In understanding undergraduate students’success in college, their choice of career path must be fully understood. Differentpaths are appropriate for different students, and even a student may not fully grasp what will work best for them.Understanding the mechanisms behind a successful choice in college major is important for several reasons. Retention isnecessary for the continued health of engineering programs. One of the earliest steps in this career path is selecting a major.Research has been done investigating major selection across all majors, and even focusing on STEM careers. This researchhas frequently overlooked the broad variety present in engineering majors with very limited research conducted thatdistinguishes between one engineering major and another. This paper seeks to address this absence by surveyingengineering students from several different majors at three different institutions. The data for this paper was gatheredusing surveys of first year engineers at three di...

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings

Robin Hammond

Abstract Understanding better the experiencesof students pursuing an engineering degree is an important issue for the pedagogy,of engineering programs. This study sought to identify students’ perceptions of their educational experiences and their motivations for and dreams of a career in engineering. The study also provided a snapshot of the current status of engineering education at this institution from the perspective of engineering students—including students’ decisions behind their choice of engineering as a major, the learning experiences of engineering students, and gender-related perspectives regarding engineering education. The findings suggest

Leroy Long III

To improve retention and graduation rates, institutions of higher education have become increasingly interested in the experiences of first-year students. This is of even greater importance in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) fields such as engineering which are crucial for U.S. global competitiveness and homeland security. Interviews were conducted with six (6) first-year engineering students at a large, predominantly White land grant institution located in the Midwestern region of the country to study their decisions and experiences during the transition from high school to college. More specifically, the investigation focused on under-represented students within undergraduate engineering. Interviews focused on three aspects of college transitions: (a) academic, (b) social, and (c) financial, using Schlossberg’s (1995) transition theory and Golrick-Rab’s (2007) research as a guide. 1,2 Findings show that prior to college, students enjoyed hobbies such as video games/sports, participated in STEM camps/internships/clubs, and took preparatory STEM courses. Participants tended to choose engineering as an academic major due to parental/family encouragement, interest in previous STEM subjects, and the financial security that engineering jobs provide. Students faced several challenges during their transition to college such as completing application materials, worrying about finances, taking more difficult/time-consuming courses, and feeling overwhelmed.

Sheri Sheppard , R. Miller , R. Streveler , Heather Smith , robin adams , Sylvia Bach , Elaine Seymour

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How to Write a Perfect Narrative Essay (Step-by-Step)

By Status.net Editorial Team on October 17, 2023 — 10 minutes to read

• Understanding a Narrative Essay Part 1
• Typical Narrative Essay Structure Part 2
• Narrative Essay Template Part 3
• Step 1. How to Choose Your Narrative Essay Topic Part 4
• Step 2. Planning the Structure Part 5
• Step 3. Crafting an Intriguing Introduction Part 6
• Step 4. Weaving the Narrative Body Part 7
• Step 5. Creating a Conclusion Part 8
• Step 6. Polishing the Essay Part 9
• Step 7. Feedback and Revision Part 10

Part 1 Understanding a Narrative Essay

A narrative essay is a form of writing where you share a personal experience or tell a story to make a point or convey a lesson. Unlike other types of essays, a narrative essay aims to engage your audience by sharing your perspective and taking them on an emotional journey.

• To begin, choose a meaningful topic . Pick a story or experience that had a significant impact on your life, taught you something valuable, or made you see the world differently. You want your readers to learn from your experiences, so choose something that will resonate with others.
• Next, create an outline . Although narrative essays allow for creative storytelling, it’s still helpful to have a roadmap to guide your writing. List the main events, the characters involved, and the settings where the events took place. This will help you ensure that your essay is well-structured and easy to follow.
• When writing your narrative essay, focus on showing, not telling . This means that you should use descriptive language and vivid details to paint a picture in your reader’s mind. For example, instead of stating that it was a rainy day, describe the sound of rain hitting your window, the feeling of cold wetness around you, and the sight of puddles forming around your feet. These sensory details will make your essay more engaging and immersive.
• Another key aspect is developing your characters . Give your readers an insight into the thoughts and emotions of the people in your story. This helps them connect with the story, empathize with the characters, and understand their actions. For instance, if your essay is about a challenging hike you took with a friend, spend some time describing your friend’s personality and how the experience impacted their attitude or feelings.
• Keep the pace interesting . Vary your sentence lengths and structures, and don’t be afraid to use some stylistic devices like dialogue, flashbacks, and metaphors. This adds more depth and dimension to your story, keeping your readers engaged from beginning to end.

Part 2 Typical Narrative Essay Structure

A narrative essay typically follows a three-part structure: introduction, body, and conclusion.

• Introduction: Start with a hook to grab attention and introduce your story. Provide some background to set the stage for the main events.
• Body: Develop your story in detail. Describe scenes, characters, and emotions. Use dialogue when necessary to provide conversational elements.
• Conclusion: Sum up your story, revealing the lesson learned or the moral of the story. Leave your audience with a lasting impression.

Part 3 Narrative Essay Template

• 1. Introduction : Set the scene and introduce the main characters and setting of your story. Use descriptive language to paint a vivid picture for your reader and capture their attention.
• Body 2. Rising Action : Develop the plot by introducing a conflict or challenge that the main character must face. This could be a personal struggle, a difficult decision, or an external obstacle. 3. Climax : This is the turning point of the story, where the conflict reaches its peak and the main character must make a critical decision or take action. 4. Falling Action : Show the consequences of the main character’s decision or action, and how it affects the rest of the story. 5. Resolution : Bring the story to a satisfying conclusion by resolving the conflict and showing how the main character has grown or changed as a result of their experiences.
• 6. Reflection/Conclusion : Reflect on the events of the story and what they mean to you as the writer. This could be a lesson learned, a personal realization, or a message you want to convey to your reader.

Part 4 Step 1. How to Choose Your Narrative Essay Topic

Brainstorming ideas.

Start by jotting down any ideas that pop into your mind. Think about experiences you’ve had, stories you’ve heard, or even books and movies that have resonated with you. Write these ideas down and don’t worry too much about organization yet. It’s all about getting your thoughts on paper.

Once you have a list, review your ideas and identify common themes or connections between them. This process should help you discover potential topics for your narrative essay.

Narrowing Down the Choices

After brainstorming, you’ll likely end up with a few strong contenders for your essay topic. To decide which topic is best, consider the following:

• Relevance : Is the topic meaningful for your audience? Will they be able to connect with it on a personal level? Consider the purpose of your assignment and your audience when choosing your topic.
• Detail : Do you have enough specific details to craft a vivid story? The more detail you can recall about the event, the easier it’ll be to write a compelling narrative.
• Emotional impact : A strong narrative essay should evoke emotions in your readers. Choose a topic that has the potential to elicit some emotional response from your target audience.

After evaluating your potential topics based on these criteria, you can select the one that best fits the purpose of your narrative essay.

Part 5 Step 2. Planning the Structure

Creating an outline.

Before you start writing your narrative essay, it’s a great idea to plan out your story. Grab a piece of paper and sketch out a rough outline of the key points you want to cover. Begin with the introduction, where you’ll set the scene and introduce your characters. Then, list the major events of your story in chronological order, followed by the climax and resolution. Organizing your ideas in an outline will ensure your essay flows smoothly and makes sense to your readers.

Detailing Characters, Settings, and Events

Taking time to flesh out the characters, settings, and events in your story will make it more engaging and relatable. Think about your main character’s background, traits, and motivations. Describe their appearance, emotions, and behavior in detail. This personal touch will help your readers connect with them on a deeper level.

Also, give some thought to the setting – where does the story take place? Be sure to include sensory details that paint a vivid picture of the environment. Finally, focus on the series of events that make up your narrative. Are there any twists and turns, or surprising moments? Address these in your essay, using vivid language and engaging storytelling techniques to captivate your readers.

Writing the Narrative Essay

Part 6 step 3. crafting an intriguing introduction.

To start your narrative essay, you’ll want to hook your reader with an interesting and engaging opening. Begin with a captivating sentence or question that piques curiosity and captures attention. For example, “Did you ever think a simple bus ride could change your life forever?” This kind of opening sets the stage for a compelling, relatable story. Next, introduce your main characters and provide a bit of context to help your readers understand the setting and background of the story.

Part 7 Step 4. Weaving the Narrative Body

The body of your essay is where your story unfolds. Here’s where you’ll present a series of events, using descriptive language and vivid details.

Remember to maintain a strong focus on the central theme or main point of your narrative.

Organize your essay chronologically, guiding your reader through the timeline of events.

As you recount your experience, use a variety of sensory details, such as sounds, smells, and tastes, to immerse your reader in the moment. For instance, “The smell of freshly brewed coffee filled the room as my friends and I excitedly chattered about our upcoming adventure.”

Take advantage of dialogue to bring your characters to life and to reveal aspects of their personalities. Incorporate both internal and external conflicts, as conflict plays a crucial role in engaging your reader and enhancing the narrative’s momentum. Show the evolution of your characters and how they grow throughout the story.

Part 8 Step 5. Creating a Conclusion

Finally, to write a satisfying conclusion, reflect on the narrative’s impact and how the experience has affected you or your characters. Tie the narrative’s events together and highlight the lessons learned, providing closure for the reader.

Avoid abruptly ending your story, because that can leave the reader feeling unsatisfied. Instead, strive to create a sense of resolution and demonstrate how the events have changed the characters’ perspectives or how the story’s theme has developed.

For example, “Looking back, I realize that the bus ride not only changed my perspective on friendship, but also taught me valuable life lessons that I carry with me to this day.”

Part 9 Step 6. Polishing the Essay

Fine-tuning your language.

When writing a narrative essay, it’s key to choose words that convey the emotions and experiences you’re describing. Opt for specific, vivid language that creates a clear mental image for your reader. For instance, instead of saying “The weather was hot,” try “The sun scorched the pavement, causing the air to shimmer like a mirage.” This gives your essay a more engaging and immersive feeling.

Editing for Clarity and Concision

As you revise your essay, keep an eye out for redundancies and unnecessary words that might dilute the impact of your story. Getting to the point and using straightforward language can help your essay flow better. For example, instead of using “She was walking in a very slow manner,” you can say, “She strolled leisurely.” Eliminate filler words and phrases, keeping only the most pertinent information that moves your story forward.

Proofreading for Typos

Finally, proofread your essay carefully to catch any typos, grammatical errors, or punctuation mistakes. It’s always a good idea to have someone else read it as well, as they might catch errors you didn’t notice. Mistakes can be distracting and may undermine the credibility of your writing, so be thorough with your editing process.

Part 10 Step 7. Feedback and Revision

Gathering feedback.

After you’ve written the first draft of your narrative essay, it’s time to gather feedback from friends, family, or colleagues. Share your essay with a few trusted people who can provide insights and suggestions for improvement. Listen to their thoughts and be open to constructive criticism. You might be surprised by the different perspectives they offer, which can strengthen your essay.

Iterating on the Draft

Once you have collected feedback, it’s time to revise and refine your essay. Address any issues or concerns raised by your readers and incorporate their suggestions. Consider reorganizing your story’s structure, clarifying your descriptions, or adding more details based on the feedback you received.

As you make changes, continue to fine-tune your essay to ensure a smooth flow and a strong narrative. Don’t be afraid to cut out unnecessary elements or rework parts of your story until it’s polished and compelling.

Revision is a crucial part of the writing process, and taking the time to reflect on feedback and make improvements will help you create a more engaging and impactful narrative essay.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can i create an engaging introduction.

Craft an attention-grabbing hook with a thought-provoking question, an interesting fact, or a vivid description. Set the stage for your story by introducing the time, place, and context for the events. Creating tension or raising curiosity will make your readers eager to learn more.

What strategies help develop strong characters?

To develop strong characters, consider the following:

• Give your characters distinct traits, strengths, and weaknesses.
• Provide a backstory to explain their actions and motivations.
• Use dialogue to present their personality, emotions, and relationships.
• Show how they change or evolve throughout your story.

How can I make my story flow smoothly with transitions?

Smooth transitions between scenes or events can create a more coherent and easy-to-follow story. Consider the following tips to improve your transitions:

• Use words and phrases like “meanwhile,” “later that day,” or “afterward” to signify changes in time.
• Link scenes with a common theme or element.
• Revisit the main characters or setting to maintain continuity.
• Introduce a twist or an unexpected event that leads to the next scene.

What are some tips for choosing a great narrative essay topic?

To choose an engaging narrative essay topic, follow these tips:

• Pick a personal experience or story that holds significance for you.
• Consider a challenge or a turning point you’ve faced in your life.
• Opt for a topic that will allow you to share emotions and lessons learned.
• Think about what your audience would find relatable, intriguing, or inspiring.

How do I wrap up my narrative essay with a strong conclusion?

A compelling conclusion restates the main events and highlights any lessons learned or growth in your character. Try to end on a thought-provoking note or leave readers with some food for thought. Finally, make sure your conclusion wraps up your story neatly and reinforces its overall message.

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Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

Narrative Essays

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

The Modes of Discourse—Exposition, Description, Narration, Argumentation (EDNA)—are common paper assignments you may encounter in your writing classes. Although these genres have been criticized by some composition scholars, the Purdue OWL recognizes the widespread use of these approaches and students’ need to understand and produce them.

What is a narrative essay?

When writing a narrative essay, one might think of it as telling a story. These essays are often anecdotal, experiential, and personal—allowing students to express themselves in a creative and, quite often, moving ways.

Here are some guidelines for writing a narrative essay.

• If written as a story, the essay should include all the parts of a story.

This means that you must include an introduction, plot, characters, setting, climax, and conclusion.

• When would a narrative essay not be written as a story?

A good example of this is when an instructor asks a student to write a book report. Obviously, this would not necessarily follow the pattern of a story and would focus on providing an informative narrative for the reader.

• The essay should have a purpose.

Make a point! Think of this as the thesis of your story. If there is no point to what you are narrating, why narrate it at all?

• The essay should be written from a clear point of view.

It is quite common for narrative essays to be written from the standpoint of the author; however, this is not the sole perspective to be considered. Creativity in narrative essays oftentimes manifests itself in the form of authorial perspective.

• Use clear and concise language throughout the essay.

Much like the descriptive essay, narrative essays are effective when the language is carefully, particularly, and artfully chosen. Use specific language to evoke specific emotions and senses in the reader.

• The use of the first person pronoun ‘I’ is welcomed.

Do not abuse this guideline! Though it is welcomed it is not necessary—nor should it be overused for lack of clearer diction.

• As always, be organized!

Have a clear introduction that sets the tone for the remainder of the essay. Do not leave the reader guessing about the purpose of your narrative. Remember, you are in control of the essay, so guide it where you desire (just make sure your audience can follow your lead).

What are your chances of acceptance?

Calculate for all schools, your chance of acceptance.

Your chancing factors

Extracurriculars.

How to Write the “Why this Major” College Essay + Examples

What’s covered:.

• What is the “Why This Major” Essay?
• Examples of “Why This Major?” Essay Prompts
• Tips for Writing the “Why This Major?” Essay
• “Why This Major?” Essay Examples

What to Do If You’re Undecided

The “Why This Major?” essay is a common prompt that nearly every college applicant will have to answer at least once. In this post, we’ll go over the purpose of this essay, examples of real prompts, sample responses, and expert tips for writing your own essay. If one of the colleges on your list asks you to respond to this prompt, you’ll be well-prepared after reading this post. 

What is the “Why This Major” Essay? 

In the college admissions process, you’ll need to submit two main types of essays: the personal statement and supplemental essays. The personal statement is your main application essay that goes to every school you apply to. The goal of this essay is to share more about who you are and your development. 

On the other hand, supplemental essays only go to specific schools, and each school requests their own essays. The goal of these essays is to showcase your fit with the school. Common prompts include “ Why This College? ”, “ Describe an Extracurricular ,” and “Why This Major?” 

The “Why This Major?” prompt in particular asks you, unsurprisingly, to explain your interest in your intended major. Colleges want to understand where you’re coming from academically, what your intellectual passions are, and what you plan to do professionally (at least roughly). If you aren’t 100% sure about what you want to study, that’s totally fine, but you do want to show that you’re an overall curious, engaged student.

It’s also meant to gauge your academic fit with the college, so you should be sure to cover school-specific resources related to your intended major that will help you achieve your goals. In other words, this prompt should actually be considered “Why This Major at This School?” 

Examples of “Why This Major?” Essay Prompts 

Before we dive in, let’s first take a look at some real-life examples of these prompts. 

For example, Yale requests that students write a 200-word supplemental essay based on the following prompt: 

Similarly, Purdue asks applicants to write 250 words in response to the below statement:

Carnegie Mellon , another top college, requires students to discuss the evolution of their proposed field of study, in 300 words or less: 

Finally, the University of Michigan asks students to craft a slightly longer essay, up to 500 words, about the qualities that attracted them to the college or school they’re applying to and how the curriculum will support their interests.

Tips for Writing the “Why This Major?” Essay 

Answering the “Why This Major?” prompt may seem like a difficult task. However, there are tips to help simplify the process and ensure your response addresses the question fully and effectively. Here are three steps for writing a standout essay about your major of choice: 

1. Share how your academic interest developed.  

The first step in crafting an effective “Why This Major?” essay is explaining your emotional resonance with the subject, and your background in it. While you might be tempted to write about your passion for the subject in flowery language, it’s better to share specific experiences that show how your interest developed. You should cover both the coursework that you’ve done in the field and any relevant extracurricular experiences. If you have space, you can also add in the specific subtopics that interest you within the major (i.e. analyzing gender relations or racism within the broader topic of sociology). 

You might also consider sharing a short anecdote related to your interest in the major. This strategy is especially effective at the beginning of the essay, as telling a story will both draw in the reader and provide context for your academic interest. For example, if you’re interested in studying English at Yale, you could start your essay by describing a childhood ritual in which you and your dad went to the library every Saturday.  

However, while anecdotes are crucial components of a college essay, students should choose what details to include with care. The most impactful essays tell a story, so you should refrain from listing all of your extracurricular activities that relate to your chosen major. This is not a resume! Instead, find ways of connecting your initial anecdote with your desire to pursue your major. For example, perhaps your early experiences at the library led you to get a job at a local bookstore and organize author readings for the community.

2. Detail your reasoning and goals.  

It’s not enough to express your passion for a particular subject. You also want to describe your goals and explain how majoring in your chosen field will help you achieve them. Perhaps your early experiences with authors inspired you to start a novel. You can further explain how majoring in English will enable you to study the great works of literature, thereby providing you with the background and foundation needed to find success as a writer.  

3. Explain your school choice.  

Finally, a “Why This Major?” essay should reveal how the college in question will help you achieve your goals. Your reasons should extend beyond “the college is highly ranked for this major,” as no matter how excellent the school’s reputation is, there are assuredly other colleges out there that are also strong in this department. Instead, dive into the curriculum, teaching methodology, specific classes, professors who are doing work in your area of interest, or other resources that can be found only at that school. 

For example, if you’re passionate about becoming a writer one day, take time to explain how Yale’s English program will set you on the road to success. Perhaps you’re interested in studying British greats through the famed Yale in London study abroad program. Or, maybe you plan on pursuing the Creative Writing Concentration as a senior to further refine your abilities to craft engaging narratives with compelling characters. 

You could also mention a desire to take a particular course, study with a certain professor, or work on the school newspaper. Just be careful not to “name-drop” professors⁠—only mention a specific faculty member if their work is highly relevant to your interests. Otherwise, your interest will look disingenuous.

“Why This Major?” Essay Examples 

To give you a better idea of what these essays should look like, below are a few example responses to the “Why This Major?” prompt.

One Christmas morning, when I was nine, I opened a snap circuit set from my grandmother. Although I had always loved math and science, I didn’t realize my passion for engineering until I spent the rest of winter break creating different circuits to power various lights, alarms, and sensors. Even after I outgrew the toy, I kept the set in my bedroom at home and knew I wanted to study engineering. Later, in a high school biology class, I learned that engineering didn’t only apply to circuits, but also to medical devices that could improve people’s quality of life. Biomedical engineering allows me to pursue my academic passions and help people at the same time.

Just as biology and engineering interact in biomedical engineering, I am fascinated by interdisciplinary research in my chosen career path. Duke offers unmatched resources, such as DUhatch and The Foundry, that will enrich my engineering education and help me practice creative problem-solving skills. The emphasis on entrepreneurship within these resources will also help me to make a helpful product. Duke’s Bass Connections program also interests me; I firmly believe that the most creative and necessary problem-solving comes by bringing people together from different backgrounds. Through this program, I can use my engineering education to solve complicated societal problems such as creating sustainable surgical tools for low-income countries. Along the way, I can learn alongside experts in the field. Duke’s openness and collaborative culture span across its academic disciplines, making Duke the best place for me to grow both as an engineer and as a social advocate. 

This student does a great job of sharing how their interest in biomedical engineering developed. They begin the essay with an anecdote, which is more engaging and personal than simply stating “I want to study X major because…” and then smoothly take us into the present, and show how their understanding of the field has become more sophisticated over time. It’s also clear this student has done their research on how Duke specifically can help them achieve their goal of being an engineer and social advocate, as they’re able to name several relevant resources at Duke, such as DUhatch, The Foundry, and the Bass Connections program. 

I woke up. The curtains filtered the sun’s rays, hitting my face directly. I got up, looked from the bathroom to the kitchen, but my dad wasn’t there. I plopped on the couch, then the door opened. My dad walked in, clutching a brown paper bag with ninety-nine cent breakfast tacos. After eating, we drove to a customer’s house. He sat me in a chair, lifted the floorboard, and crawled under the house to fix the pipes. As he emerged, he talked, but my mind drifted to the weight of the eleven-millimeter hex wrench in my hand. My interest in mechanical engineering originates from my dad, who was a plumber. When I was fifteen, my dad passed away from cancer that constricted his throat. Holding his calloused hand on his deathbed, I wanted to prevent the suffering of others from cancer. Two years later, when I was given a topic of choice for my chemistry research paper, I stumbled upon an article about gold nanoparticles used for HIV treatment. I decided to steer the topic of gold nanoparticles used for cancer treatment instead, entering the field of nanotechnology. After reading numerous articles and watching college lectures on YouTube, I was utterly captivated by topics like using minuscule devices to induce hyperthermia as a safe method of cancer treatment. Nanotechnology is multi-disciplinary, reinforcing my interest in pursuing mechanical engineering as a gateway to participate in nanoscience and nanotechnology research at the University of Texas at Austin. I have learned that nanotechnology is not limited to stories like mine, but to other issues such as sustainable energy and water development that I hope to work towards. It is important for me to continue helping others without forfeiting my interest in nanotechnology, working in collaboration with both engineering and the medical field.

The narrative style of this essay engages readers and keeps us eager to know what’s going to happen next. In terms of content, the student does a great job of sharing personal and specific details about themselves, the roots of their academic interests, and their motivation to pursue them in college. While this essay is very strong overall, it is missing the “Why nanotechnology at UT Austin?” element of this kind of prompt, and would be even more successful if the student mentioned a particular professor at UT Austin doing research in their area of interest, or a lab dedicated to work in the field of nanotechnology.

I held my breath and hit RUN. Yes! A plump white cat jumped out and began to catch the falling pizzas. Although my Fat Cat project seems simple now, it was the beginning of an enthusiastic passion for computer science. Four years and thousands of hours of programming later, that passion has grown into an intense desire to explore how computer science can serve society. Every day, surrounded by technology that can recognize my face and recommend scarily-specific ads, I’m reminded of Uncle Ben’s advice to a young Spiderman: “With great power comes great responsibility”. Likewise, the need to ensure digital equality has skyrocketed with AI’s far-reaching presence in society; and I believe that digital fairness starts with equality in education. 

The unique use of threads at the College of Computing perfectly matches my interests in AI and its potential use in education; the path of combined threads on Intelligence and People gives me the rare opportunity to delve deep into both areas. I’m particularly intrigued by the rich sets of both knowledge-based and data-driven intelligence courses, as I believe AI should not only show correlation of events, but also provide insight into why they occur. 

In my four years as an enthusiastic online English tutor, I’ve worked hard to help students overcome both financial and technological obstacles in hopes of bringing quality education to people from diverse backgrounds. For this reason, I’m extremely excited by the many courses in the People thread that focus on education and human-centered technology. I’d love to explore how to integrate AI technology into the teaching process to make education more available, affordable, and effective for people everywhere. And with the innumerable opportunities that Georgia Tech has to offer, I know that I will be able to go further here than anywhere else.

This essay has a great hook—it captures the reader’s attention and draws them into the story right away. Through this anecdote, the student shows their personality and interests, and then deftly transitions into talking about why Georgia Tech’s computer science program is the right match for them. The student explains how the College of Computing at Georgia Tech fits into their future by referencing “threads,” which are unique to the College of Computing’s curriculum and allow students to apply their CS coursework to particular areas. 

Just because you haven’t decided on a concentration doesn’t mean you’re out of luck when it comes to writing the “Why This Major?” essay. Ultimately, schools care less about knowing that you have your whole academic career planned out, and more about seeing that you are a genuinely curious, engaged student who does have intellectual passions, even if you’re still figuring out which one you want to pursue as a major. 

If you’re still undecided, you can opt to write about 1-3 potential majors (depending on the word count), while detailing how the school can help you choose one, as well as meet your broader academic goals. For best results, include personal anecdotes about a few academic subjects or courses that have inspired you, and share some potential career paths stemming from them. For more tips, see our post on how to write the “Why this major?” essay if you’re undecided . 

Where to Get Your “Why This Major?” Essay Edited 

Do you want feedback on your “Why This Major?” essay? After rereading your essays countless times, it can be difficult to evaluate your writing objectively. That’s why we created our free Peer Essay Review tool , where you can get a free review of your essay from another student. You can also improve your own writing skills by reviewing other students’ essays.  

If you want a college admissions expert to review your essay, advisors on CollegeVine have helped students refine their writing and submit successful applications to top schools. Find the right advisor for you to improve your chances of getting into your dream school!

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Narrative and Engineering

The second chapter of psychologist Jerome Bruner’s 1986 book, Actual Minds, Possible Worlds , begins as follows:

There are two modes of cognitive functioning … each providing distinctive ways of ordering experience, of constructing reality. The two (though complementary) are irreducible to one another. Efforts to reduce one mode to the other or to ignore one at the expense of the other inevitably fail to capture the rich diversity of thought. (p. 11)

Bruner calls the first mode “paradigmatic” or “logico-scientific.” Its objective is truth , and its chief function is to acquire knowledge : it seeks empirical discovery guided by principled hypotheses, and favors tight analyses that appeal to logic and verification. It is top-down, theory-driven, categorical, general, abstract, context-independent, ahistorical, and consistent. Its subject matter is the physical realm, and the most primitive and irreducible element with which it deals is causation .

Bruner calls the second mode “narrative.” Its objective is verisimilitude or plausibility, and its chief function is to impart meaning : it seeks universal understanding grounded in personal experience, and favors inspiring accounts that appeal to aesthetics and intuition. It is bottom-up, action-oriented, interpretive, particular, concrete, context-sensitive, temporal, and often paradoxical, even contradictory. Its subject matter is the psychical realm, and the most primitive and irreducible element with which it deals is intention .

These distinctions should sound familiar to long-time readers of this column. They closely resemble Steven Goldman’s contrast of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, which Western culture has embraced since the time of Plato and the Sophists, and “The Principle of Insufficient Reason” (May 2008), which better reflects the nature of our profession. In other words, they align with the demarcation between science as knowing and “Engineering as Willing” (March 2010). They also loosely parallel the ancient Greek concepts of episteme/techne vs. phronesis (“Knowledge, Rationality, and Judgment,” July 2012).

I suspect that most engineers (and philosophers) are like me – more comfortable operating in the first mode than the second. After all, an essay like this one primarily engages the paradigmatic mode; likewise for pretty much everything else that has appeared in this space over the years, not to mention the vast majority of other articles in STRUCTURE magazine and similar industry publications. What new insights could we gain about ourselves and our practice by deliberately applying the narrative mode instead?

In his 2010 book, Letting Stories Breathe: A Socio-Narratology , sociologist Arthur W. Frank suggests, “Stories work as people’s selection/evaluation guidance system” (p. 46). Rather than functioning as rules,

Stories are better imagined … as a tacit system of associations that makes particular aspects of the world seem worth attending to and suggests default evaluations of what is selected … [This system] processes a large proportion of what might be called candidate-experience: what happens to a person that, if attended to, becomes that person’s experience. Candidate-experience becomes experience because it fits stories people know. (p. 47)

There are echoes here of Bernard Lonergan’s cognitional theory (“How We Know and What It Means,” September 2009), the model of skill acquisition developed by Hubert and Stuart Dreyfus (“The Nature of Competence,” March 2012), and Joseph Dunne’s discussion of “The Rationality of Practice” (September 2012). Again, though, those authors wrote in the paradigmatic mode, while stories obviously belong mainly to the narrative mode. What explanatory stories do engineers know that “fit” our candidate-experience, thus turning it into actual experience – the kind that is essential for developing practical judgment?

Finally, “Stories are central to life,” asserts author and educator Roger Rosenblatt in his 2011 book, Unless It Moves the Human Heart: The Craft and Art of Writing .

They’re everywhere: in the law, where a prosecutor tells one story and the defense tells another, and the jury decides which it prefers … In medicine, a patient tells a doctor the story of his ailment, how he felt on this day or that, and the doctor tells the patient the story of the therapy, how he will feel this day and that, until, one hopes, the story will have a happy ending. Politics? He who tells the best story wins … (pp. 18-19)

As is usually the case when these kinds of examples are given, engineering is not mentioned; and a common complaint among us is that, in comparison with these three professions, there is a dearth of popular entertainment featuring engineers in significant roles. Is this because stories are somehow not central to what we do and how we do it? Or does it rather indicate that we are not telling our stories often enough or well enough for them to resonate with other people?

Literary theorists have attempted to identify the basic elements of successful stories. According to Bruner, “One view has it that lifelike narratives start with a canonical or ‘legitimate’ steady state, which is breached, resulting in a crisis, which is terminated by a redress, with recurrence of the cycle an open possibility.” (p. 16) Alternatively, “Kenneth Burke argues that ‘story stuff’ involves characters in action with intentions or goals in settings using particular means .” (p. 20) Bruner himself considers it sufficient that the story “contains a plight into which characters have fallen as a result of intentions that have gone awry … And it requires an uneven distribution of underlying consciousness among the characters with respect to the plight.” (p. 21)

If engineers ever manage to gain greater prestige in society and influence on public policy, I suspect that it will be because we have learned to construct and communicate compelling narratives that conform to these kinds of patterns. For better or for worse, a good story can often be more persuasive than a sound argument.▪

About the author  ⁄  Jon A. Schmidt, P.E., SECB

Jon A. Schmidt ([email protected]) is a Senior Associate Structural Engineer in the Aviation & Federal Group at Burns & McDonnell in Kansas City, Missouri. He serves as President on the NCSEA Board of Directors, was the founding chair of the SEI Engineering Philosophy Committee, and shares occasional thoughts at twitter.com/JonAlanSchmidt.

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Detailed Guide: Aerospace Engineer Personal Statement

Table of Contents

Being an aerospace engineer is a technically challenging but professionally and personally rewarding career. To have a shot at being an aerospace engineer, you will need a compelling aerospace engineer personal statement .

This personal statement usually reflects the engineer’s interest, work experience, and education. This article focuses on creating unique engineering personal statements and provides examples of solid statements that stand out from others.

How to Draft a Compelling Aerospace Engineering Personal Statement

Here are some pointers for you to consider when you prepare your statement for engineering school. It doesn’t matter what engineering specialty you are applying for; Keep in mind these tips:

1. State the Motivation Behind the Course Choice

Two-thirds of your statement should explain why you choose this program, your qualifications, and your prior experience and interest in the subject matter.

The remaining third should discuss how your non-engineering extracurriculars have benefited your professional development.

2. Mention Work Experiences

Any work experience, from shadowing an employee to a full-time job, is beneficial.

This doesn’t need to be with an engineering firm. Admission tutors will be impressed by any experience that has given you a foundational knowledge of how things are constructed and how they function.

You could work at a garage, computer repair shop, or architectural or surveying firm. Talk about the technical contests you’ve participated in. Activities you’ve taken up for fun, like teaching yourself to code, making an app, or constructing a robot.

3. State Hobbies & Interests

Experience in leadership roles such as prefect, team captain, or student council representative. Experience in part-time employment, such as delivering goods or serving customers at a neighborhood café count.

Activities involving volunteering and collecting donations. Volunteering at a restaurant is just as impressive as working on a project remotely related to engineering.

Activities outside of class that a student enjoys doing, such as bicycling, guitar playing, or participating in a school debate team.

3. Let your statement be tailored to the course

Make sure your statement is suited to the engineering program you’ve chosen and illustrates your enthusiasm for the subject.

For civil engineering schools, your statement should reflect your dedication to the field.

You may have attended an ICE tunnel exhibition or interned at a local construction firm for two weeks. Explain how your insights connect to your objective of entering a university’s civil engineering program.

Include in your aerospace statement if you learn Python or Java in your leisure time. Explain why you chose chemical engineering classes after these experiences.

Thermodynamics, stress analysis, and fluid dynamics knowledge will impress admissions officers.

4. Write your statement once to submit to all five universities

UCAS allows you to submit just one personal statement even if you are applying to five different programs.

Since each admission’s tutor will read your statement with their course in mind, do not make it discipline-specific. Equally, avoid mentioning specific schools or distinguishing features of individual classes.

5. Demonstrate that engineering is your career choice

Show admissions officers that you have researched engineering careers. Also, verify that you have considered which one(s) you might like to pursue after college in your statement.

This is especially important if you want to go into a more specific engineering field, like aerospace or automotive.

Even if you are still determining exactly what you want to do and are interested in many different things, that’s fine. Your degree will give you a chance to learn more about these things. However, you should show that you know what kinds of jobs you can get after finishing the program you’re applying to.

6. Retire the Old Phrases

Avoid writing generic statements that many other applicants will use; admissions officers will get bored reading them. You shouldn’t also use quotations attributed to prominent engineers either. Admissions officers have heard it all before.

Aerospace Engineer Personal Statement Examples

Your aerospace engineering personal statement must show that you have a strong work ethic and drive. Check out these INK samples;

Aerospace engineering is my passion, and I’m thrilled to have had the opportunity to contribute over a decade of expertise in this dynamic field. My professional highlights have been developing better rocket propulsion systems and more efficient satellite designs.

I take pride in tackling complicated projects quickly and efficiently due to my extensive knowledge base and creative problem-solving capabilities. For example, I could simplify an aircraft build’s manufacturing process without sacrificing performance.

I thrive on collaboration with colleagues, which is essential for team success. Furthermore, I enjoy communicating complex concepts to non-specialist audiences, utilizing concise language and clear visuals to ensure comprehension. Ultimately, my goal is to help drive progress within aerospace engineering through innovation and quality work.

I have been a passionate Aerospace Engineer for over ten years, using my technical expertise and imaginative thinking to create industry-changing innovations. My youthful love for aircraft and spaceships has grown throughout my career.

I build complex propulsion systems, develop engines for high-altitude commercial airplanes, and calculate tough airframes. I routinely assess these designs through comprehensive testing protocols to ensure they meet strict regulatory requirements. Moreover, during this process, I always strive for efficiency, employing cutting-edge technologies to improve performance parameters such as fuel consumption and noise reduction.

My talent for developing innovative solutions to existing problems distinguishes me from other Aerospace Engineers. Evidence of this was when I conducted experiments on an auto throttle system for civil airplanes that reduced fuel consumption by 15%.

I have also worked with renowned aerospace businesses on various projects, including supersonic flight experiments, demonstrating my ability to work independently and collaboratively.

Overall, my extensive experience and zealous enthusiasm will enable me to make meaningful contributions to the field of Aerospace Engineering.

Wrapping Up

An aerospace engineer personal statement is easy to format and assemble if you follow the guidelines above. All you need to do is narrow down your interests and skills and stick to them.

Make the statement personal and intuitive. Remember to grab the board’s attention in the first 30 seconds and show your motivation, skills, and experience.

Abir Ghenaiet

Abir is a data analyst and researcher. Among her interests are artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing. As a humanitarian and educator, she actively supports women in tech and promotes diversity.

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