history phd mit

History at MIT

Measuring the impact of humanities on stem-focused education – history prof. tristan brown and mit literature’s prof. wiebke denecke received a grant from mit integrated learning initiative to research the impact of humanities of stem-focused education..

BBC’s The History Hour: “Lady Tarzan and the Ibadan Zoo,” Harriet Ritvo, professor of history at MIT, looks back across the centuries to reveal the fascination that humans have always had for animals.

History Major Spotlight! Meet Hadyn!

Centering feminism – Professor Lerna Ekmekcioglu investigates marginalized women and potential empowerment

History from the ground up – associate professor megan black’s research digs into mining, power, and environmental politics in the us, speaking to times evoke, professor ritvo discusses how empire changed perceptions — and pathogens.

Read Full Article Here

Four faculty receive MIT SHASS Research Fund awards for 2023

Funding will support development of multimedia play, innovative research projects.

The School of Economics at Lund University has appointed two new honorary doctorates in 2023: Anne McCants and Helga Nowotny

Chinese elites and u.s. gatekeeping: racial discrimination and class privilege in boston’s 1905 king incident by emma j. teng, the united states mint announces the appointment of dr. christopher capozzola.

to the Citizen Coinage Advisory Committee (CCAC) as the member Specially Qualified in American history

Unintended Lessons of Revolution: Student Teachers and Political Radicalism in Twentieth-Century Mexico by Tanalís Padilla

This new book by Professor Padilla traces the history of the rural normales, showing how they became sites of radical politics.

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History is the study of the recorded past. Since interest in the past is closely linked with a desire to understand the present, the history curriculum at MIT is tailored in part to put the modern world in historical perspective. Subjects explore the social, cultural, economic, and political transformations that shape the present; and efforts are made to suggest where traditional assumptions remain in present-day politics, society, and culture.

The curriculum seeks to encourage both an understanding of the human past and the development of skills necessary to express that knowledge effectively.

Bachelor of Science in History (Course 21H)

Joint degree programs, minor in history, minor in applied international studies, undergraduate study.

The program leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in History is designed to encourage students to discover and reconstruct the past, to confront and understand the complexity of past human behavior for itself, and to inform their sense of the historical present. The curriculum includes the selection of at least one subject taken from the curriculum's 21H undergraduate seminars. Students are expected to take seven additional subjects of their own choice, selected in consultation with a major advisor. These must include subjects drawn from at least two geographical areas, as well as one pre-modern (before 1700) and one modern subject.

During the junior year, the history major is required to take subject 21H.390 Theories and Methods in the Study of History , which is intended to develop skills for independent research and writing, followed in the senior year by 21H.THT History Pre-Thesis Tutorial and 21H.THU History Thesis . Subjects 21H.390 Theories and Methods in the Study of History and 21H.THU History Thesis satisfy the CI-M component of the Communication Requirement. Supplementing these requirements within the history curriculum is the stipulation of three additional subjects in a second field of humanities, arts, and social sciences that provide the perspectives of another discipline on the history of human thought and behavior. This program is intentionally flexible; the relatively large number of electives and unrestricted time allows for the design of a course of study that meets individual needs and interests.

Joint degree programs are offered in history in combination with a field in engineering or science (21E, 21S). See the joint degree programs listed under Humanities.

The goal of this minor is to lead the student from basic survey subjects into more focused studies of individual countries or periods of time, and to encourage thinking about broader analytical and comparative issues in historical study.

The Minor in History consists of six subjects, which must include:

A range of subjects in history can fulfill requirements for the interdisciplinary Minor in Applied International Studies . For more information, see the program description under Interdisciplinary Programs.

Further information on subjects and programs may be obtained from the History Office, Room E51-255, 617-324-5134.

Faculty and Teaching Staff

Malick Ghachem, JD, PhD

Professor of History

Head, History Section

Christopher Capozzola, PhD

Eric J. Goldberg, PhD

Philip S. Khoury, PhD

Ford International Professor of History

Associate Provost

Anne E. C. McCants, PhD

Ann Fetter Friedlaender Professor of Humanities

Kenda Mutongi, PhD

Tanalís Padilla, PhD

Merritt Roe Smith, PhD

Leverett Howell Cutten '07 and William King Cutten '39 Professor of the History of Technology

Emma J. Teng, PhD

T. T. and Wei Fong Chao Professor of Asian Civilizations

Craig Steven Wilder, PhD

Barton L. Weller Professor

Elizabeth A. Wood, PhD

Associate Professors

Sana Aiyar, PhD

Class of 1948 Career Development Professor

Associate Professor of History

Megan Black, PhD

Associate Professor of Environmental History

William Broadhead, PhD

Catherine E. Clark, PhD

Associate Professor of French Studies and History

Lerna Ekmekcioglu, PhD

Genevieve McMillan and Reba Stewart Professor of the Study of Women in the Developing World

Caley Horan, PhD

Hiromu Nagahara, PhD

Assistant Professors

Tristan Brown, PhD

Assistant Professor of Chinese History

Adjunct Professors

Marjoleine Kars, PhD

Adjunct Professor of History

Pouya Alimagham, PhD

Lecturer in History

Research Staff

Research associates.

Susanne Zwierlein, PhD

Research Associate in History

Research Affiliates

Alan De Gooyer, PhD

Research Affiliate in History

Steven Ostrow, PhD

Valentina Pugliano, PhD

Professors Emeriti

John W. Dower, PhD

Ford International Professor of History Emeritus

Robert M. Fogelson, PhD

Professor Emeritus of Urban Studies

Professor Emeritus of History

Jeffrey S. Ravel, PhD

Harriet Ritvo, PhD

Arthur J. Connor Professor Emerita

Professor Emerita of History

William B. Watson, PhD

Associate Professor Emeritus of History

Introductory

21h.000 the history of now.

Prereq: None U (Spring) 1-0-0 units

Exposes students to the study of history for a deeper understanding of the past, the present and the future by exploring current events in a historical perspective. Features guest lectures from experts inside and outside MIT. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students; preference to first-year students.

21H.001 How to Stage a Revolution

Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Fall) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

Explores fundamental questions about the causes and nature of revolutions by looking at how people overthrow their rulers and establish new governments. Considers a set of major political transformations throughout the world and across centuries to understand the meaning of revolution and evaluate its impact. Examines how revolutionaries have attempted to establish their ideals and realize their goals. Asks whether radical upheavals require bloodshed, violence, or even terror. Seeks to explain why some revolutions succeed and others fail. Materials include the writings of revolutionaries, declarations and constitutions, music, films, art, novels, memoirs, and newspapers.

P. Alimagham, T. Padilla, J. Ravel

21H.007[J] Introduction to Ancient and Medieval Studies

Same subject as 21L.014[J] Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Fall) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

Explores the fascinating history, culture, and society of the ancient and medieval worlds and the different methodologies scholars use to interpret them. Wrestles with big questions about the diversity of life and thought in pre-modern societies, the best ways to study the distant past, and the nature (and limitations) of knowledge about long-ago eras. Considers a wide range of scholarly subjects such as the rise and fall of the Roman empire, the triumph of Christianity and Islam, barbarian invasions and holy wars, courts and castles, philosophy and religion, and the diversity of art, literature, and politics. Ponders different types of evidence, reads across a variety of disciplines, and develops skills to identify continuities and changes in ancient and medieval societies.

S. Frampton, E. Goldberg

21H.009 World History and Its Fault Lines Since 1800

Explores how the world, as we know it today, came to be. Examines what it means to be modern and the consequences of modernity on people's everyday lives. Introduces real and perceived changes that made the world recognizably "modern." Surveys the rise of empires, nation-states, industrialized economies, mass consumption, popular culture, and political ideas and movements, and studies how they resulted in new, often contested, dynamics of racial, class, religious, gendered, and political identity. Instruction provided in how the evolving relationships of people with political, social, and economic structures produced a world that is highly interconnected and, at the same time, divided along different fault lines.

S. Aiyar, H. Nagahara

21H.061 The History of American Presidential Elections

Prereq: None U (Fall; first half of term) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-3 units

Introduces the main themes and topics in the history of presidential elections from 1788 to the present. Explores structures of the US executive branch, the primary, convention, and election systems, and the Electoral College. Students examine academic debates in history and other social sciences, and write short papers on historical and contemporary topics. Meets with 21H.203 when offered concurrently. 21H.061 is offered only in an election year (not for HASS credit) and covers the first half of the course, leading up to election day.

C. Capozzola

21H.090 Digital Humanities Laboratory (New)

Prereq: 6.100A U (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 2-2-8 units. Institute LAB Can be repeated for credit.

Combines research in HASS fields with computational methods of analysis, data collection, and presentation. Rotates to a different research project within SHASS each offering and meets with a research seminar taught by the PI of that project. Students work in teams to produce original computational research within the existing project, in collaboration with the research staff of the Programs in Digital Humanities. Leverage techniques from a wide range of practices including natural language processing, computer vision, machine learning, and web development. Repeatable for credit with permission of instructor. Limited to 25.

21H.101 American History to 1865

Prereq: None U (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

A basic history of American social, economic, and political development from the colonial period through the Civil War. Examines the colonial heritages of Spanish and British America; the American Revolution and its impact; the establishment and growth of the new nation; and the Civil War, its background, character, and impact. Readings include writings of the period by Winthrop, Paine, Jefferson, Madison, W. H. Garrison, G. Fitzhugh, H. B. Stowe, and Lincoln.

21H.102 American History since 1865

Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

Examines the social, cultural, political, and economic history of the United States, from the Civil War to the present. Uses secondary analysis and primary documents, such as court cases, personal accounts, photographs, and films, to examine some of the key issues in the shaping of modern America, including industrialization and urbanization, immigration, the rise of a mass consumer society, the emergence of the US as a global power, and the development of civil rights activism and other major social movements.

21H.106[J] Black Matters: Introduction to Black Studies

Same subject as 24.912[J] , 21L.008[J] , 21W.741[J] , CMS.150[J] , WGS.190[J] Prereq: None U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-A, HASS-H; CI-H

See description under subject 24.912[J] .

21H.107[J] Asian American History: 1865 to 1965

Same subject as 21G.043[J] Prereq: None U (Fall) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject 21G.043[J] .

Consult E. Teng

21H.108[J] Sexual and Gender Identities in the Modern United States

Same subject as WGS.110[J] Prereq: None U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject WGS.110[J] .

21H.109[J] Gender: Historical Perspectives

Same subject as WGS.303[J] Subject meets with 21H.983[J] , WGS.310[J] Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: U (Spring) Acad Year 2024-2025: Not offered 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Examines the definition of gender in scientific, societal, and historical contexts. Explores how gender influences state formation and the work of the state, what role gender plays in imperialism and in the welfare state, the ever-present relationship between gender and war, and different states' regulation of the body in gendered ways at different times. Investigates new directions in the study of gender as historians, anthropologists and others have taken on this fascinating set of problems. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.

L. Ekmekcioglu, E. Wood

21H.130 The Ancient World: Greece

Prereq: None U (Fall) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

History of Ancient Greece from the Bronze Age to the death of Alexander. Major social, economic, political, and religious trends. Homer, heroism, and the Greek identity; the hoplite revolution and the rise of the city-state; Herodotus, Persia, and the (re)birth of history; Empire, Thucydidean rationalism, and the Peloponnesian War; Aristotle, Macedonia, and Hellenism. Emphasis on use of primary sources in translation.

21H.132 The Ancient World: Rome

Prereq: None U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

History of Rome from its humble beginnings to the 5th century A.D. First half: Kingship to Republican form; the conquest of Italy; Roman expansion: Pyrrhus, Punic Wars and provinces; classes, courts, and the Roman revolution; Augustus and the formation of empire. Second half: Virgil to the Vandals; major social, economic, political and religious trends at Rome and in the provinces. Emphasis on use of primary sources in translation. Enrollment limited.

W. Broadhead

21H.133 The Medieval World

Prereq: None U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Investigates the dynamic history of Europe and the wider world between the late Roman empire and voyages of discovery. Examines the rise of Christianity, the cult of the saints, and monasticism; the decline of the Roman empire, the barbarian invasions, and the foundation of post-Roman kingdoms; the meteoric rise of Islam; the formation of the Carolingian, Byzantine, and Islamic empires; the Vikings and Mongols; castles, knights, and crusades; religious thinkers, reformers, and heretics; changes in art, architecture, and literature; the Black Death and the fall of Constantinople; the Italian Renaissance and the voyages of discovery.

E. Goldberg

21H.134[J] Medieval Economic History in Comparative Perspective

Same subject as 14.70[J] Prereq: None U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-S; CI-H

Surveys the foundations of material life and changing social and economic conditions in medieval Europe in their broader Eurasian context. Covers the gradual disintegration of the Roman imperial order, the emergence and decline of feudal institutions, the transformation of peasant agriculture, living standards and the impact of climate and disease environments, and the ebb and flow of long-distance trade across the Eurasian system. Particular emphasis on the study of those factors, both institutional and technological, which contributed to the emergence of capitalist organization and economic growth in western Europe in comparison to the trajectories followed by the other major medieval economies.

21H.141 Renaissance to Revolution: Europe, 1300-1800

Prereq: None U (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

Provides an introduction to major political, social, cultural and intellectual changes in Europe from the beginnings of the Renaissance in Italy around 1300 to the outbreak of the French Revolution at the end of the 1700s. Focuses on the porous boundaries between categories of theology, magic and science. Examines how developments in these areas altered European political institutions, social structures, and cultural practices. Studies men and women, nobles and commoners, as well as Europeans and some non-Europeans with whom they came into contact.

V. Pugliano

21H.143[J] The "Making" of Modern Europe: 1789-Present

Same subject as 21G.056[J] Subject meets with 21G.356 Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Provides an overview of European history from 1789 to the present. Explores how the ideas of "European" and "modern" have been defined over time. Explores major events and the evolution of major tensions and issues that consumed Europe and Europeans through the period, including questions of identity, inclusion/exclusion, religion, and equality. Places major emphasis on the fiction, visual culture, and films of the century as the products and evidence of political, social and cultural change. Taught in English.

21H.144[J] Introduction to Russian Studies

Same subject as 21G.087[J] Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject 21G.087[J] . Limited to 25.

E. Wood, M. Khotimsky

21H.145[J] French Photography

Same subject as 4.674[J] , 21G.049[J] Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Fall) 3-0-9 units. HASS-A; CI-H

Introduces students to the world of French photography from its invention in the 1820s to the present. Provides exposure to major photographers and images of the French tradition and encourages students to explore the social and cultural roles and meanings of photographs. Designed to help students navigate their own photo-saturated worlds; provides opportunity to gain practical experience in photography. Taught in English. Enrollment limited.

21H.151 Dynastic China

Prereq: None U (Fall) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Examines the first dynasty to 1800. Traces the rise of the world's first centralized bureaucratic state, the development of the world's oldest living written culture, and the formation of the pre-modern world's largest single commercial market. Studies women and men as they founded dynasties, engaged in philosophy, challenged orthodoxies, and invented technologies used around the globe. Explores China's past to understand the country's present, and reflects on what its stories mean for the global world.

21H.152 Modern China

Discusses China's emergence as a global power, which has arisen out of two centuries of significant change. Explores those transformations from 1800 to the present by examining the advent of foreign imperialism in the nineteenth century, the collapse of the last imperial dynasty in 1911, China's debilitating war against Japan, the communist revolution, and the tumultuous history of the People's Republic of China from 1949. Addresses the historical transformations that have shaped contemporary Chinese politics, ethnicity, gender, environment, economics, and international relations.

21H.154 Inventing the Samurai

Subject meets with 21G.554 Prereq: None U (Fall) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Explores the historical origins of the Japanese warrior class as well as its reinvention throughout the archipelago's history. Special focus on the pre-modern era (200-1600 CE). Highlights key historical contexts including the rise of the imperial court, interactions with the broader world, and the establishment of a warrior-dominated state. Also considers the modern imaginations and uses of the warrior figure.

H. Nagahara

21H.155 Modern Japan: 1600 to Present

Subject meets with 21G.555 Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: U (Spring) Acad Year 2024-2025: Not offered 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Surveys Japanese history from the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1603 to the present and explores the local and global nature of modernity in Japan. Highlights key themes, including the emergence of a modern nation-state, the rise and fall of the Japanese Empire, the development of mass consumer culture and the middle class, and the continued importance of historical memory in Japan today.

21H.156[J] Global Chinese Food: A Historical Overview

Same subject as 21G.045[J] Prereq: None U (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject 21G.045[J] . Limited to 30.

21H.157 Modern South Asia

Explores the political, social, and economic history of South Asia from the 18th century to the present day. Topics include colonial rule; anti-colonial movements; nationalism and the creation of modern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh; the post-colonial nation state; social movements; religious identity; involvement of the United States in the region; and economic development. Students develop an understanding of the current successes, failures, and challenges facing the people and states of contemporary South Asia from a historical perspective.

21H.160 Islam, the Middle East, and the West

Provides students with an overview of basic themes and issues in Middle Eastern history from the rise of Islam to the present, with an emphasis on exchanges and encounters between the Middle East and Europe/North America. Examines the history of the notion of "East" and "West;" the emergence of Islam and the Christianization of Europe; Ottoman expansion; the flourishing of European powers; European competition with and colonization of Middle Eastern societies, and Middle Eastern responses, including Arab and Iranian nationalisms as well as the rise of Political Islam, the "Clash of Civilizations", and Islamophobia.

P. Alimagham

21H.161 The Modern Middle East

Surveys the history of the Middle East, from the end of the 19th century to the present. Examines major political, social, intellectual and cultural issues and practices. Focuses on important events, movements, and ideas that prevailed during the last century and affect its current realities. Enrollment limited.

21H.165 A Survey of Modern African History

Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Fall) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Surveys the history of 19th- and 20th-century Africa. Focuses on the European conquest of Africa and the dynamics of colonial rule, especially its socioeconomic and cultural consequences. Looks at how the rising tide of African nationalism, in the form of labor strikes and guerrilla wars, ushered out colonialism. Examines the postcolonial states, focusing on the politics of development, recent civil wars in countries like Rwanda and Liberia, the AIDS epidemic, and the history of Apartheid in South Africa up to 1994.

21H.170[J] Introduction to Latin American Studies

Same subject as 17.55[J] , 21A.130[J] , 21G.084[J] Subject meets with 21G.784 Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-S; CI-H

See description under subject 17.55[J] .

T. Padilla, P. Duong

21H.172[J] Latin America Through Film

Same subject as 21G.078[J] Prereq: None U (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Traces Latin American history through film and analyzes how this medium represents events in the recent and distant past. Weekly movies provide a window through which to analyze themes such as colonialism, national formation, revolution, gender, race relations, popular mobilizations and counterinsurgency. Examines films for how they represent a particular group or country, the reality they capture or obscure, and the message they convey.

21H.173 Socialism in Latin America, from Che Guevara to Hugo Chávez

Explores various socialist projects in the Americas. Studies how Latin America's poor have supported socialism as an alternative to capitalist exploitation, as a strategy to break colonial vestiges, and an anti-imperialist ideology. Focuses on various case studies to address the meaning of socialism, how governments have implemented socialism and who has fought against it. Explores how socialism has attempted to address women's rights and combat racism, and how socialist projects have extended beyond national borders.

21H.181[J] Libertarianism

Same subject as 17.035[J] Prereq: None U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Explores the history of the ideal of individual liberty in light of contemporary arguments over the proper scope of the regulatory state. Surveys the political theory of freedom and its relationship to other dominant norms (e.g., property, equality, community, republicanism, innovation, and the pursuit of wealth). Revisits the diversity of modern libertarian movements with attention to issues such as abolitionism and the Civil Rights revolution, religious liberty, the right to bear arms, and LGBTQ rights. Concludes with a set of policy and legal/constitutional debates about the role of government in regulating the financial markets, artificial intelligence, and/or the internet.

21H.185[J] Environment and History

Same subject as 12.386[J] , STS.031[J] Prereq: None U (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units. HASS-S; CI-H

Focusing on the period from 1500 to the present, explores the influence of climate, topography, plants, animals, and microorganisms on human history and the reciprocal influence of people on the environment. Topics include the European encounter with the Americas, the impact of modern technology, and the current environmental crisis. Enrollment limited.

K. Brown, S. Solomon

21H.186 Nature and Environment in China

Focuses on the late imperial period with forays into the modern area. Explores how Chinese states and people related to and shaped their environments, which, in turn, shaped China. Considers the degree to which China's long environmental history has integrated with global trends and ponders the historical experiences and precedents we bring to today's environmental challenges. Explores the diverse ways in which scholars study China's environmental history and conceptions of nature, including the use of digital humanities tools for visualizing data and analyzing geography.

21H.187 US Environmental Governance: from National Parks to the Green New Deal

Explores the interwoven threads of politics, economics, and the environment in the 20th century.  Examines topics such as preservation, conservation, national park creation, federal projects, infrastructure, economic growth, hydrocarbon society, international development, nuclear power, consumer rights, public health crises, environmentalism, Earth Day, globalization, sustainability, and climate change.  Studies how politics, economics, and environment converged in modern U.S. history, the "Green New Deal" and how its role promoting economic growth conflicts with its commitments to environmental management, and the emergence of the environmental movement.

Intermediate

21h.201 the american revolution.

Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: U (Spring) Acad Year 2024-2025: Not offered 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

English and American backgrounds of the Revolution; issues and arguments in the Anglo-American conflict; colonial resistance and the beginnings of republicanism; the Revolutionary War; constitution writing for the states and nation; and effects of the American Revolution. Concerned primarily with the revolutionary origins of American government and laws. Readings emphasize documents from the period--pamphlets, correspondence, the minutes or resolutions of resistance organizations, constitutional documents and debates.

21H.203 The History of American Presidential Elections

Prereq: None U (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units. HASS-S

Introduces the main themes and topics in the history of presidential elections from 1788 to the present. Explores structures of the US executive branch, the primary, convention, and election systems, and the Electoral College. Students examine academic debates in history and other social sciences, and undertake a research project based on a past election of their choosing. Meets with 21H.061 when offered concurrently. 21H.061 is offered only in an election year (not for HASS credit) and covers the first half of the course, leading up to election day.

21H.205[J] The Civil War and the Emergence of Modern America: 1861-1890

Same subject as STS.027[J] Subject meets with STS.427 Prereq: Permission of instructor Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Fall) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject STS.027[J] .

M. R. Smith

21H.211 The United States in the Cold War Era

Prereq: None U (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Examines the culture that developed in the US during the early years of the Cold War, at the dawn of the nuclear age. Topics include new family structures and civil defense strategies that emerged in response to the promise and perils of nuclear power; the role of anxiety and insecurity in transforming American politics and psychology; the development of computing technology and the changes it brought to American workspaces; the social impacts of space exploration, suburbanization, and the construction of highways and shopping malls; and new models used by social scientists and other experts to predict human behavior and the future.

21H.213[J] The War at Home: American Politics and Society in Wartime

Same subject as 17.28[J] Prereq: None U (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units. HASS-S

See description under subject 17.28[J] .

A. Berinsky, C. Capozzola

21H.214 War and American Society

Examines how issues of war and national security have affected politics, economics, and society from the First World War to the war in Iraq. Draws on historical evidence as well as representations in film, music and popular culture.

21H.217[J] American Urban History

Same subject as 11.013[J] Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: U (Spring) Acad Year 2024-2025: Not offered 2-0-7 units. HASS-H; CI-H

See description under subject 11.013[J] .

21H.218[J] History of the Built Environment in the US

Same subject as 11.014[J] Prereq: None U (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 2-0-7 units. HASS-H; CI-H

See description under subject 11.014[J] .

R. M. Fogelson

21H.220[J] Metropolis: A Comparative History of New York City

Same subject as 11.150[J] Prereq: None U (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Examines the evolution of New York City from 1607 to the present. Readings focus on the city's social and physical histories. Discussions compare New York's development to patterns in other cities.

21H.226[J] Riots, Strikes, and Conspiracies in American History

Same subject as 11.015[J] Prereq: None U (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

Focuses on a series of short, complicated, traumatic events that shed light on American politics, culture, and society. Events studied may include the rendition of Anthony Burns in 1854, the most famous fugitive slave controversy in US history; the Homestead strike/lockout of 1892; the quiz show scandal of the 1950s; and the student uprisings at Columbia University in 1968. Emphasis on finding ways to make sense of these events and on using them to understand larger processes of change in American history.

21H.227 History of the US Supreme Court

Prereq: None U (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units. HASS-S

Exploration of the historical development of constitutional law and the relationship between the Supreme Court and broader social, political, and cultural trends. Introduces major themes and patterns of change in American constitutional law since 1787, including federal-state relations, racial and gender equality, economic regulation, and civil liberties. Readings consist of original court cases, especially from the US Supreme Court, including cases of the current term.

21H.228 American Classics

Students read, discuss, and write about critical works in American history from the 17th through the 20th centuries. Includes writings by early Puritan writers, Franklin, Paine, Jefferson, and Madison; Lewis and Clark; Frederick Douglass; Harriet Beecher Stowe; the Lincoln-Douglas debates; U. S. Grant, W. E. B. Dubois, Andrew Carnegie, Horatio Alger, F. D. Roosevelt, Betty Friedan, and Martin Luther King, Jr. May also include music, recorded speeches, television programs, visual images, or films. Enrollment limited.

21H.229 The Black Radical Tradition in America

Focuses on American history from the African-American perspective. Includes alternative visions of the nation's future, and definitions of its progress, that have called for a fundamental restructuring of political, economic and social relations. Introduces events, figures and institutions that have shaped African-American history, from the struggles to dominate the African coast and the emergence of a modern slave trade, through the fall of the Western slave societies. Also examines the experiences of Africans in other parts of North America, as well as South America and the Caribbean.

21H.230 Barbarians, Saints, and Emperors

Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Explores the late Roman Empire and its transformations during Late Antiquity (c.300-c.700). Questions the traditional decline and fall narrative of the period, which argues that Christianity and barbarians destroyed classical civilization and ushered in the Dark Ages. Explores such topics as Romans and barbarians, paganism and Christianity, politics and war, Rome and Constantinople, and bishops and saints. Discusses the influence of such characters as Constantine the Great, St. Augustine, Attila the Hun, and the prophet Mohammed.

21H.237 The City of Athens in the Age of Pericles

Historical topography of ancient Athens. Investigates the relationship between urban architecture and political, social, and cultural history of Athens in the 5th and 4th centuries BC. Surveys and analyzes archeological and literary evidence, including the sanctuary of Athena on the Acropolis, the Agora, Greek houses, the histories of Herodotus and Thucydides, plays of Sophocles and Aristophanes, and the panhellenic sanctuaries of Delphi and Olympia.

21H.238 The Vikings

Explores the complex relationship of the Vikings with the medieval world. Investigates the dynamics of Viking expansion, not only in terms of raiding and conflict, but also as a process of diplomacy, settlement, assimilation, and colonization. Examines developments within Scandinavian society such as state formation, social structures, trade, shipbuilding, slavery, urban growth, and Christianization. Considers the methodological difficulties presented by the diverse and often contradictory historical sources for information about the Vikings, such as chronicles, archaeology, coin hoards, stone inscriptions, and sagas.

21H.239 The City of Rome in the Age of the Caesars

Historical topography of Ancient Rome. Investigates the relationship between urban architecture and the political, social, and cultural history of Rome from the 1st century BC to the 2nd century AD. Surveys and analyzes archaeological and literary evidence, including the Roman Forum, the Imperial fora, the palace of the emperors, the atrium houses of Roman Pompeii, the Colosseum, the Pantheon, Polybius' history, Martial's Epigrams, and Vitruvius' treatise on architecture.

21H.240 The World of Charlemagne

Investigates the world of the first medieval emperor, Charles the Great, or Charlemagne (768-814). Focuses on how Charlemagne and his dynasty, the Carolingians (ruled 751-888), forged a vast empire out of the diverse peoples and territories of Europe - not only through conquests and military might, but through Christianity and the Church, education and literacy, government and law, art and architecture, and a fundamental reorganization of the economy and society. Considers the enduring contributions of Charlemagne and his family to the formation of Europe as well as the shortcomings and failures of their empire.

21H.241[J] France: Enlightenment and Revolution

Same subject as 21G.054[J] Prereq: None U (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Explores the question of whether the French Enlightenment caused the French Revolution. Studies France prior to 1789, analyzes some of the most critically corrosive works of the French Enlightenment, and considers how ideas circulated through France and Europe in the eighteenth century. Examines the role of enlightened ideas in France during the revolutionary decade from 1789 to 1799.

21H.242[J] Frenchness in an Era of Globalization

Same subject as 21G.322[J] Prereq: One intermediate subject in French or permission of instructor U (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject 21G.322[J] . Limited to 18.

21H.244[J] Imperial and Revolutionary Russia: Culture and Politics, 1700-1917

Same subject as 21G.085[J] Prereq: None U (Fall) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Analyzes Russia's social, cultural, and political heritage in the 18th and 19th centuries, up to and including the Russian Revolution of 1917. Compares reforming and revolutionary impulses in the context of serfdom, the rise of the intelligentsia, and debates over capitalism. Focuses on historical and literary texts, especially the intersections between the two.

21H.245[J] Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society: 1917 to the Present

Same subject as 17.57[J] , 21G.086[J] Prereq: None U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-S; CI-H

Explores the political and historical evolution of the Soviet state and society from the 1917 Revolution to the present. Covers the creation of a revolutionary regime, causes and nature of the Stalin revolution, post-Stalinist efforts to achieve political and social reform, and causes of the Soviet collapse. Also examines current developments in Russia in light of Soviet history. Enrollment limited.

21H.247 Looking East/Looking West (New)

Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: U (Fall) Acad Year 2024-2025: Not offered 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Examines how objects and images mediate encounters between people and helped define the "Orient" and the "Occident." Explores the visual and material culture as well as textual accounts produced by and consumed during encounters between European and Asian travelers, diplomats, artists, writers, and tourists since the seventeenth century. Considers the frameworks scholars have used to understand these encounters and how we might deploy those frameworks ourselves. Employs historical thinking to work on our skills of visual and cultural analysis. Questions how these legacies of material and visual exchange have shaped the community within Boston area.

C. Clark, H. Nagahara

21H.253[J] The Global Chinese: Chinese Migration, 1567-Present

Same subject as 21G.075[J] Subject meets with 21G.196 Prereq: None U (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject 21G.075[J] .

21H.260 Cities in the Middle East: History, Politics and Society

Examines the role and centrality of cities in the history of the modern Middle East, through political, social, cultural and urban interactions. Begins with a theoretical introduction of the different approaches for investigating urban spaces, and follows with discussions of case studies that demonstrate the diversity of urban centers in the Middle East, including Beirut, Istanbul, Jerusalem, Mecca, Algiers, and Cairo.

21H.261 Modern Iran: A Century of Revolution

Provides an overview of Iran's modern history from a social, cultural, and political perspective while also considering factors as they relate to gender and race. Covers the country's long and complicated interaction with the "West." Situates Iran in the wider region, thereby delineating how political trends in the Middle East influenced the country and how its history of revolution has in turn impacted the region. Unpacks the Sunni-Shi'ite divide as a modern phenomenon rooted more in inter-state rivalry than in a theological dispute, Western perceptions of the Iranian and the Middle Eastern "Other," the Iranian Diaspora, political Islam, and post-Islamism.

21H.262 Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict

Surveys the history and various realities and challenges of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Introduces the fundamental historical trajectories of the conflict. Analyzes the conflicting narratives and perceptions of both Palestinians and Israelis over key moments and issues in the conflict's history. Considers current challenges and possible solutions to the conflict. Limited to 15.

21H.263[J] Women and Gender in the Middle East and North Africa

Same subject as WGS.220[J] Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: U (Spring) Acad Year 2024-2025: Not offered 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject WGS.220[J] .

L. Eckmekcioglu

21H.265 Humanitarianism and Africa: A Critical History

Examines two centuries of foreign interventions in Africa in the name of humanitarian principles, from the abolition of the slave trade to the most recent Ebola crisis in West Africa. Explores humanitarianism and how it informs the understanding of poverty, race, and violence; and who gives and receives aid. Scrutinizes the prejudices about Africans embedded within salvation projects and how these campaigns have been part of the larger dynamics of power that have defined Africa's position in the world before, during, and after the European colonization of the continent. Reflects upon the practical and morally ethical alternatives in a world still shaped by suffering and injustice.

21H.266 South Africa and Apartheid

Explores the spatial, legal, economic, social and political structures that created Apartheid in South Africa, and the factors that led to the collapse of the racist order. Examines the many forces of black oppression and the various forms of resistance to Apartheid. Themes include industrialization and the formation of the black working classes, constructions of race, ethnicities and sexualities, land alienation and rural struggles, township poverty and violence, black education, and the Black Consciousness Movement.

21H.267 Atlantic Slave Revolts

Examines the many ways enslaved people in the Americas resisted slavery, individually and collectively. Studies shipboard revolts, maronage, conspiracies, and armed uprisings. Investigates the causes and organization of rebellion. Uses the topic of rebellion to study how historians analyze and use primary sources, historical context, and write convincing prose. 

21H.268 Urban History in Africa (New)

Explores the emergence of cities in sub-Saharan Africa, and traces major themes in the history of urban Africa. Examines urban Africans at work and leisure, including their popular culture and politics and the conflicts that arise from the cities' growth. Questions how the city emerged in Africa, what distinguishes African cities, and how urban Africans have responded to the dramatic historical changes and intense cultural interactions of African history (e.g. colonialism, industrialization, urbanization, globalization). Incorporates scholarly monographs and articles, African life histories, primary sources, fiction, and film to explore the variety of perspectives on urban history in Africa.

K. Mutongi 

21H.270[J] Latinx in the Age of Empire

Same subject as 21A.131[J] Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Analyzes the histories and presence of the Latinx population in the context of US territorial expansion, foreign intervention and economic policy toward Latin America. Combines both historical and anthropological approaches to analyze local conditions that lead people to migrate within the broader forces of international political economy. Pays attention to the historical context in the home countries, especially as impacted by US policy. Explores Latinx community dynamics, politics of migrant labor, relational formations of race and transnational forms of belonging. Historically and ethnographically seeks to understand structures of criminalization, activist practices of resistance and the development of deportation regimes.

H. Beltran, T. Padilla

21H.273 From Coca to Cocaine: Drug Economies in Latin America

Explores how drug production and consumption has affected Latin America's political, cultural and economic life and shaped US foreign policy toward the region. Discusses the history of different psychoactive substances and analyzes why certain drugs became illegal. Pays particular attention to the relationship between strategies of interdiction, poverty, and drug violence. Limited to 35.

21H.274[J] Creation of a Continent: Media Representations of Hispanic America, 1492 to present

Same subject as 21G.731[J] , CMS.357[J] Prereq: One intermediate Spanish subject or permission of instructor Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Traces the creation of a new literature in Spanish to record and interpret New World experiences. Begins with excerpts from Columbus's diary and ends with writings on the late 19th-century Cuban and Puerto Rican independence movements. Pairs some of these pre-20th-century texts with more recent literary and film interpretations of the first 400 years of Hispanic American history. Conducted in Spanish.

21H.281 MIT and Slavery: Research

Explores the influence of slavery and race on MIT's founding and early development, and the connections between slavery and the rise of sciences and engineering.  Students will have their research projects published through the MIT and Slavery website.  While 21H.281 and 21H.282 are sequential, students have the option of taking either or both.

N. Murphy, C. Wilder

21H.282 MIT and Slavery: Publication

Students work on turning research from 21H.281 into publishable quality essays, researching images and other supporting documentary materials, and developing the main narrative of the MIT and Slavery website, for which they receive editorial credit.  While 21H.281 and 21H.282 are sequential, students have the option of taking either or both.

21H.283 The Indigenous History of MIT

Students work with MIT faculty, staff, and alumni, as well as faculty and researchers at other universities and centers, to focus on how Indigenous people and communities have influenced the rise and development of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Students build a research portfolio that will include an original research essay, archival and bibliographic records, maps and images, and other relevant documentary and supporting materials. Limited to 15.

21H.284 South Asia and the Institute (New)

Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: U (Fall) Acad Year 2024-2025: Not offered 2-0-10 units. HASS-H

Explores the longstanding connections between MIT and South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal) since 1882. Investigates the history of MIT's alumni, faculty, and staff to examine the history of colonization and nation-building in South Asia, race and immigration in the United States, and globalization and technical revolutions across the world. Examines key historical moments of significance to both South Asia and America such as decolonization, the Cold War, and globalization as they intersected with the lives of MIT's South Asian affiliates. Instruction provided in historical methodologies through archival research and oral histories that are showcased in a final project. Limited to 18.

21H.285[J] Making the Modern World: The Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective

Same subject as STS.025[J] Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject STS.025[J] .

21H.289 History Near and Dear: Writing Yourself into History

Studies a broad range of writers who have investigated their family history or an instance of local history near and dear to their hearts. Examines questions about historical and emotional truths, memory and identity and place, and the ability of individual experience to illuminate a broader social and political history. Selected texts are simultaneously narrative nonfiction, investigative memoir, and cultural criticism. Students produce a paper investigating an aspect of their own family or local history. Exercises include workshops, peer-review, reflections, and revisions.

21H.290 Economic Classics: The History of Economic Ideas from Ancient Times to the Present

Surveys the history of economics by introducing students to some of the most powerful and influential economic thinkers, from Xenophon and Huan K'uan through Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and Paul Samuelson, to Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo. Explores the evolution of key economic concepts — the state and the market, natural resources, and crises — by situating them in historical context and perspective. Through the close reading, analysis and discussion of some of the most important texts in the history of economic thought, traces the development of ideas, norms and ways of thinking that continue to shape decision-making in both daily life and global policy.

21H.315 American Consumer Culture

Examines the role of commerce and consumption in shaping American life. Introduces theoretical approaches to commodities and consumerism. Explores social and cultural transformations linked to the emergence of a market economy in the 19th century, the rise of a mass consumer society in the 20th century, and the development of a global digital marketplace in the 21st century. 

21H.319 Race, Crime, and Citizenship in American Law

Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Fall) 3-0-9 units. HASS-S

Provides an introduction to the law of race in the United States, focusing on the development of America's criminal justice system since Reconstruction. Examines ongoing debates over whether "mass incarceration" amounts to an instrument of racial control. Considers the relationship between American race legislation and changing definitions of citizenship at key moments in the late 19th and 20th centuries. Case studies include immigration restriction, the death penalty, criminal procedure, and national security policing before and after 9/11.

21H.320[J] Gender and the Law in US History

Same subject as WGS.161[J] Prereq: None U (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Explores the legal history of the US as a gendered system. Examines how women have shaped the meanings of American citizenship through pursuit of political rights such as suffrage, jury duty, and military service, as well as how the legal system has shaped gender relations through regulation of such issues as marriage, divorce, work, reproduction, and the family. Readings draw from primary and secondary materials, focusing on the broad historical relationship between law and society. No legal knowledge is required or assumed.

21H.321[J] Downtown

Same subject as 11.026[J] Subject meets with 11.339 Prereq: None U (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 2-0-7 units. HASS-H

Seminar on downtown in US cities from the late 19th century to the late 20th. Emphasis on downtown as an idea, place, and cluster of interests, on the changing character of downtown, and on recent efforts to rebuild it. Considers subways, skyscrapers, highways, urban renewal, and retail centers. Focus on readings, discussions, and individual research projects. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.

21H.322 Christianity in America

Examines Christian encounters with Judaism, Islam, and the indigenous religions of Africa and America. Explores the intellectual and social consequences of Christian imperialism and the transformations of Christianity during its American encounters.

21H.330 Ancient Empires: Persians and Greeks in Antiquity

Explores interactions between Greeks and Persians in the Mediterranean and Near East from the Archaic Period to the Hellenistic Age, and works to illuminate the interface between these two distinct yet complementary cultures. Examines the general narrative of Greco-Persian history, from the foundation of the Achaemenid Empire in the middle of the sixth century BCE to the Macedonian conquest of Persia some 250 years later. Discusses how contact between Persia and the Greeks in antiquity has influenced discourse about the opposition between East and West in the modern world. Students examine archaeological, epigraphical, numismatic, and literary materials from a variety of sources including Greek historiography, tragedy, and oratory; Persian royal inscriptions and administrative documents; and the Hebrew Bible.

21H.331 Julius Caesar and the Fall of the Roman Republic

Ancient Rome from 133 to 27 BC. Explores political, social, and economic factors commonly offered to explain the fall of the Roman Republic: growth of the territorial empire, increased intensity of aristocratic competition, transformation of the Italian economy, growth of the city of Rome and dependence of the urban plebs, changes in military recruitment and dependence of soldiers on their generals. Emphasis on the reading of ancient sources in translation, including Cicero, Sallust, Caesar, Augustus, Appian, Plutarch, and Suetonius. Instruction and practice in oral and written communication provided. Taught in seminar format with emphasis on class participation. Limited to 15.

21H.333 Early Christianity

Introduction to the history of early Christianity, from Jesus to Muhammad. Investigates the origins and spread of the Jesus movement within the ancient Jewish and Roman worlds, the emergence of the Church, and the diversity of early Christian thought, spirituality, literature, and art. Examines such topics as the historical Jesus and Paul, relations among Jews, Romans, and Christians, debates over orthodoxy and heresy, the conversion of the Roman empire, the rise of bishops and monasticism, the Church Fathers, and the cult of the saints.

21H.336 The Making of a Roman Emperor

Through close examination of the emperor Augustus and his Julio-Claudian successors, this subject investigates how Roman emperors used art, architecture, coinage, and other media to create and project an image of themselves, how the surviving literary sources from the Roman period reinforced or subverted that image, and how both phenomena have contributed to post-classical perceptions of Roman emperors. Also considers works of Suetonius and Tacitus, and modern representations of the emperors such as those found in the films I, Claudius , Quo Vadis , and HBO's Rome series. Enrollment limited to 15.

21H.343[J] Making Books in the Renaissance and Today

Same subject as CC.120[J] Prereq: None U (Fall, Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-A

Explores the impact of new technology on the recording and distribution of words and images in Europe from 1400-1800. Assignments include essays and online projects. Students participate in the design and printing of an eight-page pamphlet on a hand-set printing press. Limited to 12.

21H.350 Business in China Since 1800

Analyzes the characteristics of business in China since 1800 to provide a historical context for its contemporary economic development. Topics include China's place in the world economy; early efforts at state-led industrialization; legal and social frameworks for business; foreign investments, companies, and competition; the emergence of a Chinese business class; the influence of socialism and reform-era politics on business. Includes case studies of contemporary companies and a research project.

21H.351[J] Shanghai and China's Modernization

Same subject as 11.153[J] Prereq: None U (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 2-0-10 units. HASS-H

Considers the history and function of Shanghai, from 1840 to the present, and its rise from provincial backwater to international metropolis. Examines its role as a primary point of economic, political, and social contact between China and the world, and the strong grip Shanghai holds on both the Chinese and foreign imagination. Students discuss the major events and figures of Shanghai, critique the classic historiography, and complete an independent project on Shanghai history.

21H.352[J] Three Kingdoms: From History to Fiction, Comic, Film, and Game

Same subject as 21G.042[J] , 21L.492[J] , CMS.359[J] Subject meets with 21G.133 Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: U (Spring) Acad Year 2024-2025: Not offered 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

See description under subject 21G.042[J] .

21H.354 World War II in Asia

Subject meets with 21G.556 Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Examines World War II in the Asia-Pacific region, starting with the rise of the Japanese Empire after World War I and ending with the Allied occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1952. Highlights the diverse and, at times, contradictory forces in politics, society, and culture that shaped the wartime experiences of the empire's inhabitants.

21H.357 South Asian Migrations

Studies how and why South Asians, who have migrated to America, Europe, Africa, the Caribbean and the Middle East, are considered a model minority in some countries and unwanted strangers in others. Through literature, memoirs, films, music, and historical writing, follows migrants as they discovered the world beyond their countries of origin: India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Students complete final projects on different aspects of MIT's relationship with the Indian subcontinent including research on South Asian students and alumni.

21H.358 Colonialism in South Asia and Africa: Race, Gender, Resistance

Subject meets with 21H.958 Prereq: None U (Spring) 2-0-10 units. HASS-H

Provides a comparative perspective on the history of colonialism in India and Africa. Explores the political, social, and economic changes brought about by colonial rule. Discusses the international context for the emergence of European Imperialism in the 19th century; the nature of early colonial expansion and consolidation; the re-invention of tradition in colonial societies, especially with regard to racial and ethnic identity, gender, religion, and caste; and expressions of anti-colonial resistance. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.

21H.365 Minorities and Majorities in the Middle East

Seminar considers "difference" and "sameness" as they have been conceived, experienced, and regulated by peoples of the Middle East, with a focus on the 19th and 20th centuries. First half discusses the Ottoman Empire. Explores how this multiethnic, polyglot empire survived for several relatively peaceful centuries and what happened when its formula for existence was challenged by politics based on mono-ethnic states. Second half focuses on post-Ottoman nation-states, such as Turkey and Egypt, and Western-mandated Arab states, such as Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Iraq. Concludes with a case analysis of Israel.

L. Ekmekcioglu

21H.380[J] People and Other Animals

Same subject as 21A.411[J] Subject meets with 21A.419[J] , 21H.980[J] Prereq: None U (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 2-0-10 units. HASS-S

Historical exploration of the ways that people have interacted with their closest animal relatives, for example: hunting, domestication of livestock, exploitation of animal labor, scientific study of animals, display of exotic and performing animals, and pet-keeping. Themes include changing ideas about animal agency and intelligence, our moral obligations to animals, and the limits imposed on the use of animals. Students taking the graduate version complete additional assignments.

21H.381[J] Women and War

Same subject as WGS.222[J] Prereq: None U (Fall) 3-0-9 units. HASS-S

Examines women's experiences during and after war and genocide, covering the first half of the 20th century in Europe and the Middle East. Addresses ways in which women's wartime suffering has been used to further a variety of political and social agendas. Discussions focus on a different topic each week, such as sexual violence, women survivors, female perpetrators of genocide, nurses, children of genocidal rape, and the memory of war.

21H.383 Technology and the Global Economy, 1000-2000

Subject meets with 21H.982 Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Spring) 3-0-9 units. HASS-S

Examines the global history of the last millennium, including technological change, commodity exchange, systems of production, and economic growth. Students engage with economic history, medieval and early modern origins of modern systems of production, consumption and global exchange. Topics include the long pre-history of modern economic development; medieval world systems; the age of discovery, the global crisis of the 17th century; demographic systems, global population movements; the industrial revolution, the rise of the modern consumer; colonialism and empire building; patterns of inequality, within and across states; resources and development; and the threat of climate change to modern economic systems. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.

21H.385[J] The Ghetto: From Venice to Harlem

Same subject as 11.152[J] Prereq: None U (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units. HASS-S

Provides an in-depth look at a modern institution of oppression: the ghetto. Uses literature to examine ghettoization over time and across a wide geographical area, from Jews in Medieval Europe to African-Americans and Latinos in the 20th-century United States. Also explores segregation and poverty in the urban "Third World."

21H.388 Global Commodities, American Dreams

Subject meets with 21H.988 Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: U (Fall) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Explores how American actors and institutions got the raw materials that built the nation. Approaches commodities as a lens through which to understand a more specific relationship between the United States and the wider world in political, economic, and environmental terms, and examines a global cartography of commodities, resources, and other "stuff" that became enmeshed in American life. Examines materials like sugar, cotton, wheat, bananas, rubber, aluminum, petroleum, uranium, drugs, and others, to trace a pattern of global resource exploitation back to sites of policymaking and consumption in the United States. Explores interconnections between human society and the non-human environment, troubling the boundary often understood to divide them. Includes themes of US empire, environment, labor, consumption, modernity, race, gender, class, and transnationalism. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.

21H.390 Theories and Methods in the Study of History

Subject meets with 21H.991 Prereq: Two History subjects or permission of instructor U (Fall) 3-0-9 units. HASS-H

Examines the distinctive ways in which historians in different parts of the world have approached the task of writing history. Explores methodologies used, such as political, social, economic, cultural, and popular histories through the reading and discussion of relevant and innovative texts. Introduces a variety of sources (archival documents, statistical data, film, fiction, memoirs, artifacts, and images) and the ways they can be used to research, interpret, and present the past. Assignments include an original research paper. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.

21H.391 Undergraduate Independent Study

Prereq: None U (Fall, IAP) Units arranged Can be repeated for credit.

Individual supervised work for students who wish to explore an area of interest in history. Before registering, a student must plan a course of study with a member of the History Faculty and secure approval from the Head of the History Faculty. Normal maximum is 6 units; exceptional 9-unit projects occasionally approved.

21H.392 Undergraduate Independent Study

Prereq: Permission of instructor U (Spring) Units arranged Can be repeated for credit.

Special Subjects

21h.s01 special subject: history.

Prereq: Permission of instructor U (Spring) 3-0-9 units Can be repeated for credit.

Opportunity for group study of special subject not listed in the regular History curriculum.

21H.S02 Special Subject: History

Prereq: Permission of instructor U (Fall, Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units Can be repeated for credit.

21H.S03 Special Subject: History

Prereq: None U (Fall, Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department Units arranged Can be repeated for credit.

21H.S04 Special Subject: History

Prereq: None U (Fall, Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 2-0-10 units Can be repeated for credit.

21H.S05 Special Subject: History

Prereq: None U (Spring) 3-0-9 units

Undergraduate Research

21h.tht history pre-thesis tutorial.

Prereq: None U (Fall) Units arranged Can be repeated for credit.

Students writing a thesis in History develop their research topics, review relevant research and scholarship, frame their research questions and arguments, choose an appropriate methodology for analysis, and draft the introductory and methodology sections of their theses. Includes substantial practice in writing (with revision) and oral presentations.

21H.THU History Thesis

Prereq: 21H.THT U (Spring) Units arranged Can be repeated for credit.

Completion of work on the senior major thesis under supervision of a faculty thesis advisor. Includes oral presentation of thesis progress early in the term, assembling and revising the final text, and a final meeting with a committee of faculty evaluators to discuss the successes and limitations of the project. Required for students pursuing a full major in History.

21H.UR Undergraduate Research

Prereq: None U (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Units arranged [P/D/F] Can be repeated for credit.

Individual participation in an ongoing research project. For students in the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program.

21H.URG Undergraduate Research

Prereq: None U (Fall, IAP, Spring, Summer) Units arranged Can be repeated for credit.

Graduate Subjects

21h.902 reading seminar in american history: 1877 to present.

Prereq: 21H.991 and permission of instructor G (Spring) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units

Develops teaching knowledge and research skills through extensive reading and discussion of major works in modern US history. Readings cover a range of topics and historical methods. Students make frequent oral presentations and submit a major work consisting of original research or historiographic interpretation.

21H.958 Colonialism in South Asia and Africa: Race, Gender, Resistance

Subject meets with 21H.358 Prereq: None G (Spring) 2-0-10 units

21H.980[J] People and Other Animals

Same subject as 21A.419[J] Subject meets with 21A.411[J] , 21H.380[J] Prereq: None G (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 2-0-10 units

21H.981 Seminar in Nature, Environment, and Empire

Prereq: None G (Fall) Not offered regularly; consult department 3-0-9 units

Explores the relationship between the study of natural history, both domestic and exotic, by Europeans and Americans, and concrete exploitation of the natural world. Focuses on the 18th and 19th centuries.

21H.982 Technology and the Global Economy, 1000-2000

Subject meets with 21H.383 Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Spring) 3-0-9 units

21H.983[J] Gender: Historical Perspectives

Same subject as WGS.310[J] Subject meets with 21H.109[J] , WGS.303[J] Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: G (Spring) Acad Year 2024-2025: Not offered 3-0-9 units

21H.984[J] Risk, Fortune, and Futurity

Same subject as STS.414[J] Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Spring) 3-0-9 units

Exploration of interdisciplinary scholarship on risk, chance, and fortune. Begins with a survey of theoretical approaches to the field, then proceeds chronologically to explore the emergence of risk and its impacts on human life in multiple arenas including economics, politics, culture, environment, science, and technology from the 16th century to the present. Open to undergraduates with permission of instructor; consult department for details.

W. Deringer, C. Horan

21H.985 Money, Credit, and Financial Crisis, 1600-1850

Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Fall) 3-0-9 units Can be repeated for credit.

Examines the role of money and credit in the "boom and bust" dynamic that has characterized North Atlantic financial capitalism since its emergence in the late 17th century. Studies the late 17th to the early 19th centuries when the North Atlantic economies (France, Britain, the Netherlands, and their colonial dependencies) developed modern, capitalist institutions and practices of money, credit, and finance. Studies the creation of state banks, stock markets, the relationship between war and finance, and the transition from metallic to paper currency. Explores the explosive politics of speculation, banking, and paper money in the Atlantic revolutionary era and the interdependence of plantation slavery and credit markets in the antebellum period. While 21H.985 and 21H.986 are sequential, students have the option of taking either or both. Open to undergraduates with permission of instructor; consult department for details.

21H.986 Money, Credit, and Financial Crisis, 1850-2020

Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Spring) 3-0-9 units

Examines some of the major turning points in the development of the modern (American) financial system: the Civil War Greenback movement, the rise and fall of the gold standard, Wall Street's role in the Caribbean during the interwar period, the crash of 1929, the development of the Federal Reserve, the subprime crisis of 2007-2008, and the international effort to maintain the public bond and corporate borrowing markets under the strains of Covid-19. Concludes with the dollarization of large parts of the global economy, contemporary crises of currency devaluation and hyperinflation in the developing world, and the emergence of cryptocurrencies and digital money. While 21H.985 and 21H.986 are sequential, students have the option of taking either or both. Open to undergraduates with permission of instructor; consult department for details.

21H.988 Global Commodities, American Dreams

Subject meets with 21H.388 Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: Not offered Acad Year 2024-2025: G (Fall) 3-0-9 units

Explores how American actors and institutions got the raw materials that built the nation. Approaches commodities as a lens through which to understand a more specific relationship between the United States and the wider world in political, economic, and environmental terms, and examines a global cartography of commodities, resources, and other "stuff" that became enmeshed in American life. Examines materials like sugar, cotton, wheat, bananas, rubber, aluminum, petroleum, uranium, drugs, and others, to trace a pattern of global resource exploitation back to sites of policymaking and consumption in the United States. Explores interconnections between human society and the non-human environment, troubling the boundary often understood to divide them. Includes themes of U.S. empire, environment, labor, consumption, modernity, race, gender, class, and transnationalism. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments.

21H.989 Histories of Extraction and Mining

Prereq: None G (Spring) 3-0-9 units

Explores the period after the Industrial Revolution, with a geographic emphasis on the United States, a major mineral producer and seeker in the wider world. Surveys mineral components of the lithosphere that became valued for an array of purposes above ground. Follows miners, geologists, engineers, investors, policymakers, and canaries into mines from the continental United States to Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Extends beyond political territories to zones of activity, from the oceans to the Arctic to outer space. Asks how mining, unfolding at the local level, interacted with global processes, including the Anthropocene, the latest planetary-scale transformation. Examines the relationship between economic activity and environmental wellbeing, and the consequences of this relationship. Open to advanced undergraduates with permission of instructor. Limited to 15.

21H.990[J] Narrating the Anthropocene: Understanding a Multi-Species Universe (New)

Same subject as STS.432[J] Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: G (Fall) Acad Year 2024-2025: Not offered 3-0-9 units

See description under subject STS.432[J] . Limited to 12.

K. Brown, M. Black

21H.991 Theories and Methods in the Study of History

Subject meets with 21H.390 Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall) 3-0-9 units

21H.992 Graduate Independent Study

Prereq: Permission of instructor G (Fall, Spring) Units arranged Can be repeated for credit.

Individual supervised work for students who wish to explore an area of interest in history. Before registering, a student must plan a course of study with a member of the History Faculty and secure approval from the Head of the History Faculty.

21H.993 Graduate Independent Study

21h.999 teaching history.

Prereq: None G (Fall, Spring) Units arranged [P/D/F] Can be repeated for credit.

For qualified graduate students serving as either a teaching assistant or instructor for subjects in History. Enrollment limited by availability of suitable teaching assignments.

21H.135 J.R.R. Tolkien: Scholar, Author, and Thinker

Prereq: None Acad Year 2023-2024: U (Fall) Acad Year 2024-2025: Not offered 3-0-9 units. HASS-H; CI-H

Explores how an Oxford professor of medieval philology and literature wrote the most influential work of fantasy, The Lord of the Rings. Investigates how Tolkien's scholarship on Anglo-Saxon and Middle English, fascination with inventing languages, experiences during the First World War, and Catholic faith shaped the creation of his fantasy world often (mistakenly) called Middle Earth. Examines Tolkien's books within the context of his life, scholarship, ideas, and beliefs to uncover how an author of fantasy literature helped shape the image of the Middle Ages in the modern popular imagination. Considers the extent to which film adaptations do justice to the complexity of Tolkien's stories, themes, and characters.

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Publications

Undergraduate, theses and dissertations htc alumni, aga khan program for islamic architecture, history theory + criticism.

Mark Jarzombek: Many Houses, Many Worlds - Venice Biennale 2021. Office of (Un)certainty Research.

Ugliness and Judgment: On Architecture in the Public Eye-  Timothy Hyde.

Thinking with Symbionts - Caroline Jones.

Titian, The Rape of Europa , ca. 1560/1562, oil on canvas, Isabella Steward Gardner Museum.

Long Quan celadon porcelain , China, Ming dynasty; gilt bronze, France, 18th C. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore.

Kathaleen Brearley Discipline Group Assistant [email protected]

Diana Rooney AKPIA Discipline Group Assistant [email protected]

The History, Theory and Criticism of Architecture and Art (HTC) program aims to produce leading-edge scholars and intellectuals in the field of art and architectural history. We place a strong emphasis on historiography and analytical methodologies. Courses deal with the social and physical context of the built environment, the significant issues in current disciplinary thinking, as well as with the philosophical, political, and material contexts for works of art and architecture. We are proud of our long-standing relationship to and connection with peer institutions all around the world. Our faculty members explore the history of art and architectural works, the shifting attitudes towards their interpretation, and the geopolitical pressures on their appearance, preservation, and disappearance. We also seek to produce interdisciplinary tools for probing the wider significance of such shifts over time. The HTC Forum Lecture Series, the Aga Khan Lecture Series, and Thresholds (the departmental journal) are just some of the activities that we organize for the enrichment of all.

The goal of the HTC program is to prepare PhD students for an intellectual life in universities, in architecture schools, and in architectural practice. SMArchS graduates pursue a wide variety of fields ranging from historic park management to criticism. Undergraduate Minors and Concentrators develop a strong foundation in architectural and art history, paving the way for a vibrant cultural life, further study, or a career in architecture, the arts, or related fields. Within each degree program, emphasis is placed simultaneously on critical method and historical substance. Students are encouraged to identify research projects that are relevant to their own concerns and allow them to reflect on contemporary issues. At the same time, the program demands rigorous historical scholarship. It is this combination, we believe, that leads to real change in the ways we think about art and architecture and write their histories.

The HTC group teaches subjects that deal with the history of architecture and art, as well as the theoretical and political presuppositions informing that history. Courses offered range in content and method. Some are motivated by questions derived from the problems of contemporary practice. Others work with a body of historical material investigated in ways that develop analytical skills applicable to a wide range of topics. Still others explore themes (e.g., Orientalism, ornament, sustainability) in their historical and theoretical dimensions. Subjects are taught from prehistoric times through the Renaissance to the present, with a strong focus on topics of modern art and architecture. Our curriculum focuses on materials that are both abstract and concrete, with scales that range from the architectural drawing to the art installation to the urban environment, and themes from Color to economic development and concepts of “the natural.” Topics centered in Europe as well as the Americas are balanced with a comparable set of offerings on the Islamic world developed by AKPIA and taught as part of the HTC group.

HTC is a unique program in American education. Its location within the oldest school of architecture in the U.S. focuses attention on interdisciplinary issues in contemporary practice and distinguishes it from the art history departments of universities. A number of the HTC faculty have both professional and academic degrees and this contributes to the interaction of practice and scholarship that is unique to this environment. Faculty also have strong ties to MIT Resources available to art and architectural historians as well as artists. Alone among PhD programs in architecture schools, HTC hosts a substantial curriculum in art history. Its theoretical and critical orientation constitutes an important part of the education of all of the students in the program.

See  Graduate Programs  for degree requirements.

Caroline Jones

Mark Jarzombek

Arindam Dutta

Kristel Smentek

Timothy Hyde

Nasser Rabbat

James Wescoat

David Friedman

• 2020 The Data-Human: Who are we? Exploring the Questions of Our Identity in the Digital Age Mark Jarzombek
• 2019 Ugliness and Judgment: On Architecture in the Public Eye Timothy Hyde
• 2016 Experience: Culture, Cognition, and the Common Sense Caroline Jones
• 2016 The Destruction of Cultural Heritage: From Napoléon to ISIS Nasser Rabbat
• 2022 Dare to Know: Prints and Drawings in the Age of Enlightenment Kristel Smentek
• 2022, Architecture in Development Systems and the Emergence of the Global South Arindam Dutta 2. God’s gamble: self-help architecture and the housing of risk
• The Long Millennium Mark Jarzombek

The graduate degree programs have few requirements yielding a great deal of flexibility, encouraging work outside the curricular and disciplinary borders. Students do best when they understand their own direction and are able to assemble for themselves a curriculum and a set of advisors that take advantage of the wealth of resources available in Cambridge. Students come to HTC from design schools, from MA programs, from work, and directly from college. PhD and Master's students (enrolled in the SMArchS program) follow the same curriculum through the first three semesters of their enrollment. Master's students tend to return more frequently than PhD students to architectural practice and design teaching, but a large number also go on to PhD programs.

The History, Theory, and Criticism Program was founded in 1975 as one of the first to grant the PhD degree in a school of architecture. Its mission has been to generate advanced research within MIT's School of Architecture and Planning and to promote critical and theoretical reflection within the disciplines of architectural and art history. Students and faculty work in a variety of fields, covering diverse parts of the globe. Commitment to depth and diversity is an integral part of HTC's identity and one of the reasons for the success of its students, who come to Cambridge from around the world. Between 1975 and 2001 HTC awarded 50 PhDs and 47 Masters degrees, and the recipients of these degrees have gone on to teach in prominent universities and colleges worldwide. Unlike other architectural history departments in schools of architecture, HTC includes art historians on its permanent faculty and offers both a PhD and Master's in art history as well as in architectural history. The core faculty is annually supplemented by distinguished visiting scholars who contribute significantly to the intellectual life of the program.

HTC offers two tracks of study within the PhD program: History and Theory of Architecture and the History and Theory of Art. Degree requirements and admissions procedures for both tracks are the same.

The program in History, Theory and Criticism (HTC) draws from the unique range of disciplines and professions within the Department of Architecture. The program emphasizes the study of art, architecture, and urbanism, past and present, produced in a broad range of geographic areas, as well as methodological issues that inform or link the history of ideas and practices. HTC was founded in 1975 as one of the first PhD programs of its kind in a school of architecture. Its mission is to promote critical and theoretical reflection within the disciplines of architectural and art history. HTC differs from other architectural programs in that it has art historians on its permanent faculty. Visiting scholars are annually invited to teach, supplementing the core faculty.

Continuous registration is required until completion of the dissertation. Generally all subject/course work is completed by the end of the second year of residency and all other requirements, except for the dissertation, are completed by the end of the third year. The final two years are devoted to dissertation research and writing culminating in a defense at the conclusion of the fifth year.

Within the History and Theory of Architecture or Art PhD, there is a concentration in Islamic Architecture and Art. The History, Theory and Criticism Section at MIT was the first Ph.D. program of its kind in the nation. Its mission is to encourage advanced historical research and to promote critical and theoretical reflection within the disciplines of architectural and art history. The concentration on Islamic architecture and urbanism is an integral part of the HTC section. One student each year is admitted to work on an Islamic subject and funded through the Aga Khan Program endowment. Research projects vary in scope, method, and range from the classical period to the present.

Faculty Advising

Each student is assigned an HTC faculty advisor upon admission. Generally it is the same faculty member designated to supervise research, and students are encouraged to work with HTC faculty members as a whole. The advisor will consult on the initial plan of study and on each subsequent term's selection of subjects. The advisor monitors the student's progress throughout each phase of the degree and will assist the student in selecting a dissertation committee. Students generally select their dissertation advisor by the end of the fourth semester.

Doctoral Research Opportunity in History and Theory of Architecture or Art, and Advanced Urbanism

The Norman B. Leventhal Center of Advanced Urbanism and Departments of Architecture and Urban Studies and Planning have established a collaborative doctoral-level concentration in Advanced Urbanism. Urbanism is a rapidly growing field that has many branches. At MIT, we speak of Advanced Urbanism as the field which integrates research on urban design, urbanization and urban culture.

The concentration in Advanced Urbanism seeks doctoral applicants who have: 1) at least one professional design degree (in architecture, landscape architecture, urban design, etc.); 2) research interests in urbanism that would draw upon both ARCH and DUSP faculty advising; and 3) a commitment to engage with the research community at the LCAU and within their home department throughout their time at MIT. Applicants should apply for admission to an existing ARCH or DUSP PhD program and must meet all specific admissions requirements of the respective PhD program. Admissions committees nominate applicants who fit the urbanism program to a joint advanced urbanism admissions committee. The selected applicants are admitted by their home department discipline group (DUSP; AKPIA, BT, Computation, HTC) with financial support and research assistantships from LCAU.

Prospective students with questions pertaining to the doctoral studies in Advanced Urbanism should reach out to their prospective home doctoral program and to LCAU doctoral committee members: Rafi Segal and Brent Ryan. Or to the mailing list [email protected]. 

The Master of Science in Architecture Studies (SMArchS) is a two-year program of advanced study founded on research and inquiry in architecture as a discipline and as a practice. The program is intended both for students who already have a professional degree in architecture and those interested in advanced non-professional graduate study.

Within the HTC discipline, there are two areas of study for SMArchS students: - History Theory and Criticism of Architecture and Art -  Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture

SMArchS in History, Theory and Criticism of Architecture and Art

SMArchS students in History, Theory and Criticism of Architecture and Art will expand upon prior experience (which can be in design, theory, history, practice, or other post-undergraduate work) to explore compelling research that links historical or contemporary topics with methodological issues. Working alongside doctoral students in the program, SMArchS students will be exposed to a wide range of historical periods and theoretical approaches. It is expected that research topics will be developed in close discussion with HTC faculty, building on the required Methods seminar (taken twice) to clarify the appropriate scope and original sources required for the master's thesis. The HTC program is intensely interdisciplinary, and students are expected to enrich their core disciplines of history and theory with inquiry into other fields as appropriate for their research interests. Opportunities occasionally emerge for HTC students to become involved in editing, organizing research symposia, and preparing exhibitions; students will also be brought into discussion with colleagues from across the discipline groups in the SMArchS program.

SMArchS in Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture

The Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture (AKPIA) at MIT is a unique international graduate program designed to promote, sustain, and increase the teaching of architecture in the Islamic world. It prepares students for careers in research, design, and teaching. With strong links with the Department of Urban Studies and Planning and the Aga Khan Programs at Harvard, AKPIA concentrates on the critical study of the history and historiography of Islamic architecture; the interaction between architecture, society, and culture; strategies of urban and architectural preservation; design interventions in disaster areas and environmental and material-sensitive landscape research. The siting of AKPIA at MIT's Department of Architecture is intended to negate the polarizing dichotomy between the discipline of architecture (derived from Western architectural history and praxis) and Islamic Architecture, which is routinely relegated to area and cultural studies.

The History Theory and Criticism of Architecture and Art (HTC) discipline group teaches subjects that deal with the history of architecture, art, and design, as well as the theoretical and political presuppositions informing that history. Offerings range in content and method. Some are motivated by questions derived from the problems of contemporary practice. Others investigate a body of historical material in ways that develop analytical skills applicable to a wide range of topics. It also offers a minor and a concentration in HTC within the purview of the Institute's Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (HASS) program.

HASS Minor in the History of Architecture, Art, and Design

Minor Advisor: Prof. Timothy Hyde

The minor program is designed to enable students to concentrate on the historical, theoretical and critical issues associated with artistic and architectural production. Introductions to the historical framework and stylistic conventions of art and architectural history are followed by more concentrated study of particular periods and theoretical problems in visual culture and in cultural history in general.

Students who successfully complete the minor program will have it specified as part of their Bachelor of Science degree, thus giving public recognition of focused work in the history of architecture and art. This minor program consists of six approved subjects arranged into three levels of study. Two are taken from Tier I, three from Tier 2, and one from Tier 3.

Tier I — 2 Subjects- one from each category

History of Architecture (choose one subject) 4.605 — A Global History of Architecture 4.614 — Building Islam

History of Art (choose one subject) 4.601 — Introduction to Art History 4.602 — Modern Art and Mass Culture

Tier II — 3 Subjects- No more than two subjects from either category (subject not used in Tier 1 may be used in Tier II)

History of Architecture and Design 4.603 — Understanding Modern Architecture 4.605 — A Global History of Architecture 4.614 — Building Islam 4.657 — Design: The History of Making Things

History of Art 4.601 — Introduction to Art History 4.602 — Modern Art and Mass Culture 4.635 — Early Modern Architecture and Art 4.636 — Topics in European Medieval Architecture and Art 4.641 — 19th Century Art: Painting in the Age of Steam 4.651 — Art Since 1940

Tier III — 1 Subject 4.609 — Seminar in the History of Art and Architecture

Any advanced subject in the history of architecture, art or design that is approved by the HASS Concentration advisor including cross-registered subjects at Harvard or Wellesley.

Total for Minor in History of Architecture and Art: 6 Subjects

HASS Concentration in History of Architecture, Art and Design

Concentration Advisor: Timothy Hyde

The HASS concentration requirement encourages students to develop a more mature understanding of a field in the humanities, arts, and social sciences. This experience is not as intensive as majoring or minoring in a field, but it does provide a good understanding of subject matter and methodologies used outside the natural sciences and engineering.

The HASS concentration in History of Architecture, Art and Design is composed of four subjects from two groups of study. Three in the history of architecture, art and design and one in art, culture and technology.

Choose three subjects from Group A, and one from Group B.

Group A — 3 Subjects

History of Architecture and Design

4.603 — Understanding Modern Architecture  4.605 — A Global History of Architecture  4.609 — Seminar in the History of Art and Architecture 4.614 — Building Islam 4.657 — Design: The History of Making Things

History of Art

4.601 — Introduction to Art History 4.602 — Modern Art and Mass Culture 4.635 — Early Modern Architecture and Art 4.636 — Topics in European Medieval Architecture and Art 4.641 — 19th Century Art: Painting in the Age of Steam 4.651 — Art Since 1940

Group B — 1 subject

One subject from Group A on the  Art, Culture & Technology  Concentration page

Total for Concentration in History of Architecture, Art + Design — 4 Subjects

PhD Dissertations

Akbar, Jamel A. , web page   Ministry of Higher Education, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia  … PhD, 1984, fund grp: ia, document title: Responsibility and the Traditional Muslim Built Environment (N. John Habraken) 

Akšamija, Azra , web page   Assistant Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology  … PhD, 2011, fund grp: ia, document title: Our Mosques Are Us: Rewriting National History of Bosnia-Herzegovina through Religious Architecture (Nasser Rabbat) 

al-Hathloul, Saleh Ali , web page   Chief Executive Officer, S. Alhathloul Development Co., Riyadh, Saudi Arabia  … PhD, 1981, fund grp: ia, document title: Tradition, Continuity and Change in the Phsical Environment: The Arab-Muslim City (Stanford Anderson) 

Allaback, Sarah , web page   Managing Editor, Library of American Landscape History  … PhD, 1993, fund grp: ch, document title: The writings of Louisa Tuthill--cultivating architectural taste in nineteenth-century America (Stanford Anderson) 

Allais, Lucia , web page   Associate Professor of Architecture, Columbia University  … PhD, 2008, fund grp: ch, document title: Will to War, Will to Art: Cultural Internationalism and the Modernist Aesthetics of Monuments, 1932-1964 (Mark Jarzombek) 

Anderson, Christy , web page   Associate Professor, University of Toronto St. George  … PhD, 1993, fund grp: ch, document title: Inigo Jones's Library and the Language of Architectural Classicism in England, 1580-1640 (David Friedman) 

Anderson, Glaire D. , web page   Associate Professor, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill  … PhD, 2005, fund grp: ia, document title: The Suburban Villa (munya) and Court Culture in Umayyad Cordoba (756-976 CE) (Nasser Rabbat) 

Andreotti, Libero , web page   Professor of Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology  … PhD, 1989, fund grp: rt, document title: Art and Politics in Fascist Italy: The Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution (1932) (Stanford Anderson) 

Ari, Nisa , web page   Associate Professor of Art History, Montserrat College of Art … PhD, 2019, fund grp: ia, document title: Cultural Mandates, Artistic Missions, and "The Welfare of Palestine," 1876–1948) (Caroline Jones) 

Artan, Tülay , web page   Professor, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey  … PhD, 1989, fund grp: ia, document title: Architecture as a Theater of Life: Profile of the 18th Century Bosphorus (Stanford Anderson) 

Asfour, Khaled S.   Associate Professor, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt  … PhD, 1991, fund grp: ia, document title: The Villa and the Modern Eygptian Intelligentsia: A Critique of Conventionalism (Stanford Anderson) 

Ballon, Hilary , web page   … PhD, 1985, fund grp: rt, document title: Architecture and Urbanism in Henri IV's Paris (Henry Millon) 

Banerji, Shiben , web page   Assistant Professor, School of the Art Institute of Chicago  … PhD, 2015, fund grp: ur, document title: Inhabiting the World: Architecture, Urbanism, and the Global Moral-Politics of Marion Mahony and Walter Burley Griffin (Arindam Dutta) 

Beischer, Thomas G .  Lecturer, Stanford University  … PhD, 2004, fund grp: ch, document title: Great Expectations: Provisional Modernism and the Reception of J.J.P. Oud (Mark Jarzombek) 

Bentel, Carol Rusche , web page   Partner, Bentel & Bentel, Architects/Planners AIA; Adjunct Professor, Webb Institute  … PhD, 2017, fund grp: ch, document title: Addressing the People: Architecture as a Medium of the Fascist Narrative of National Identity, Case del Fascio, 1922-1943 (Mark Jarzombek) 

Bentel, Paul L. , web page   Partner, Bentel & Bentel, AIAs, and Associate Professor, Columbia University  … PhD, 1993, fund grp: ch, document title: Modernism and Professionalism in American Architecture 1919-1932, 1992 (Stanford Anderson) 

Bhatt, Ritu , web page   Assistant Professor, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis  … PhD, 2000, fund grp: ch, document title: On the Epistemological Significance of Aesthetic Values in Architectural Theory (Mark Jarzombek and Stanford Anderson) 

Bible, Ann Vollmann   Education Coordinator, Family Programs, Museum of Fine Arts Boston  … PhD, 2008, fund grp: rt, document title: Cakewalking into Representation: Gabriele Münter's America Travels (1898-1900) and art of Dailiness (Mark Jarzombek) 

Browne, Elizabeth  … PhD, 2021, fund grp: rt, document title: Modeling the Eighteenth Century: Clodion and the Politics of Touch in the Ancien Régime and After (Kristel Smentek) 

Carson, Juli , web page   Professor of Art, Programs in Art History, Critical Theory and Curatorial Practice, University of California at Irvine and Director, UCI's University Art Galleries  … PhD, 2000, fund grp: rt, document title: Excavating Discursivity: Post-Partum Document in the Conceptualist, Feminist, and Psychoanalytic Fields (Michael Leja) 

Çelik Alexander, Zeynep , web page   Associate Professor, Columbia University  … PhD, 2007, fund grp: ch, document title: Kinaesthetic Impulses: Experience, Knowledge, and the Body in German Aesthetics, 1871-1918 (Mark Jarzombek) 

Chewning, J. A. , web page   Associate Professor of Design, School of Design, University of Cincinnati  … PhD, 1986, fund grp: ch, document title: William Robert Ware and the Beginning of Architectural Education in the United States, 1861-1881 (Henry Millon) 

Christ, John X. , web page   Visiting Assistant Professor, Plymouth State University, New Hampshire  … PhD, 2004, fund grp: rt, document title: Painting a Theoretical World: Stuart Davis and the Politics of Common Experience in the 1930s (Michael Leja and David Friedman) 

Cowherd, Robert , web page   Associate Professor, Wentworth Institute of Technology  … PhD, 2002, fund grp: ch, document title: Cultural Construction of Jakarta: Design, Planning and Development in Jobotabek, 1980-1997 (Stanford Anderson) 

Davidow, Jackson,   … PhD, 2019, fund grp: ch, document title:   Viral visions : art, activism, and epidemiology in the global AIDS pandemic (Caroline Jones) 

Dawood, Azra, web page   Visiting Emerging Scholar, University of Houston  … PhD, 2018, fund grp: ch, document title:   Building protestant modernism : John D. Rockefeller Jr. and the architecture of an American internationalism (1919-1939) (Nasser Rabbat) 

Demchenko, Igor , web page   … PhD, 2015, fund grp: ch, document title: Heritage of the Red Orient: Theories and Practices of Architectural Restoration in Soviet Central Asia (1920-1991) (Mark Jarzombek) 

Desmond, J. Michael , web page   Professor, Louisiana State University  … PhD, 1996, fund grp: rt, document title: A Clearing in the Woods: Self and City in Frank Lloyd Wright's Organic Communities (Stanford Anderson) 

Eigen, Edward , web page   Associate Professor, Harvard Graduate School of Design  … PhD, 2000, fund grp: ch, document title: Between Stations and Habitations: The Architecture of French Science at the Shore, 1830-1900 (Stanford Anderson) 

Erten, Erdem   Associate Professor, Izmir Institute of Technology  … PhD, 2004, fund grp: ch, document title: Shaping "The Second Half Century": The Architectural Review 1947-1971 (Mark Jarzombek) 

Fadan, Yousef Mohammed  Assistant Professor and Vice Dean, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia  … PhD, 1983, fund grp: ch, document title: The Development of Contemporary Housing in Saudi Arabia (1950-1983): A Study in Cross-Cultural Influence under Conditions of Rapid Change (Stanford Anderson) 

Fatsea, Irene , web page   Assistant Professor, National Technical University of Athens  … PhD, 2000, fund grp: ch, document title: Monumentality and Its Shadows: A Quest for Modern Greek Architectural Discourse in Nineteenth-Century Athens (1834-1862) (Stanford Anderson) 

Fenske, Gail , web page   Professor of Architecture, School of Architecture, Art & Historic Preservation, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI  … PhD, 1988, fund grp: ch, document title: The Skyscraper Problem and the City Beautiful: The Woolworth Building (Stanford Anderson) 

Ferng, Jennifer , web page   Assistant Professor, University of Sydney  … PhD, 2012, fund grp: ch, document title: Nature's Objects: Geology, Aesthetics, and the Understanding of Materiality in Eighteenth-Century Britain and France (Mark Jarzombek) 

Fichner-Rathus, Lois , web page   Professor of Art and Art History Coordinator, The College of New Jersey  … PhD, 1981, fund grp: rt, document title: Jack Tworkov's Work from 1955-1979: The Synthesis of Choice and Chance (Wayne Anderson) 

Francis, Razan , web page   Visiting Faculty, Bennington College, VT  … PhD, 2014, fund grp: ia, document title: Secrets of the Arts: Enlightenment Spain's Contested Islamic Craft Heritage (David Friedman) 

Freeman, Nan , web page   Artist and Faculty, School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston  … PhD, 1979, fund grp: rt, document title: Jasper Johns: 'False Start' and his Painting before 1964 (Wayne Anderson) 

Gephart, Emily , web page   Full-Time Lecturer, School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Tufts University  … PhD, 2014, fund grp: rt, document title: A Dreamer and A Painter: Visualizing the Unconscious in the Work of Arthur B. Davies, 1890-1920 (Caroline Jones and Michel Leja) 

Grignon, Marc , web page   Professor, Art History, Department of History, Laval University, Quebec  … PhD, 1991, fund grp: ch, document title: Loing du Soleil: Architectural Practice in Canada during the French Regime (Stanford Anderson) 

Grigor, Talinn , web page   Professor of Art History, University of California, Davis  … PhD, 2005, fund grp: ia, document title: Cultivat(ing) Modernities: the Society for National Heritage, Political Propaganda, and Public Architecture in Twentieth-Century Iran (Arindam Dutta and Stanford Anderson) 

Gupta, Huma  web page  Assistant Professor, MIT Aga Khan Program  … MCP 2011, subgrp: hi, Accountable to beneficiaries? : the modern development enterprise & its contractors at war : lessons on accountability from Afghanistan to inform the contracting reform agenda (Balakrishnan Rajagopal)  … PhD, 2020, fund grp: rt, document title: Migrant sarifa settlements and state-Building in Iraq (Nasser Rabbat) 

Haglund, Karl  Regional Planner, Metropolitan District Commission, Boston  … PhD, 1997, fund grp: ch, document title: Inventing the Charles River Basin: Urban Images and Civic Discourse in Boston, 1844-1994 (Stanford Anderson) 

Hamadeh, Shirine , web page   Associate Professor, Rice University  … PhD, 1999, fund grp: ia, document title: The City's Pleasures: Architectural Sensibility in Eighteenth-Century Istanbul (Stanford Anderson and Cemal Kafadar) 

Haughey, Patrick , web page   Professor of Architecture History, Savannah College of Art & Design  … PhD, 2009, fund grp: ch, document title: The Archive on the Hill: The Presidential Library and the Architecture of American History (Mark Jarzombek) 

Hays, K. Michael , web page   Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Professor, Graduate School of Design, Harvard University  … PhD, 1990, fund grp: ch, document title: Modernism and the Posthumanist Subject: The Architecture of Hannes Meyer and Ludwig Hilberseimer (Stanford Anderson) 

Hedrick, Christian , web page   Visiting Assistant Teaching Professor, School of Architecture, Northeastern University  … PhD, 2014, fund grp: ia, document title: Modernism with Style: History, Culture and the Origins of Modern Architecture in Berlin, 1780-1870 (Nasser Rabbat) 

Hill, Kara , web page   Architect and President, Kara Hill Studio  … PhD, 1992, fund grp: ia, document title: Pascal-Xavier Coste (1787-1879): A French Architect in Egypt (Stanford Anderson) 

Isenstadt, Sandy , web page   Associate Professor, University of Delaware  … PhD, 1997, fund grp: ch, document title: "Little Visual Empire": Private Vistas and the Modern American House (Stanford Anderson) 

Israel, Janna , web page   … PhD, 2007, fund grp: ch, document title: The Picture of Poverty: Cristoforo Moro and Patronage of San Giobbe, Venice (David Friedman) 

Jarzombek, Mark , web page   Professor of the History and Theory of Architecture, MIT  … PhD, 1986, fund grp: ch, document title: Leon Baptista Alberti: The Rhetoric of Cultural Criticism (Kurt W Forster) 

Kang, Hong-Bin  Director, Seoul History Museum, Seoul, South Korea  … PhD, 1980, fund grp: ch, document title: Environmentalism: Philosophical Sources of 19th Century Urban Thought (Stanford Anderson) 

Karimi, Z. Pamela , web page   Associate Professor, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth  … PhD, 2009, fund grp: ia, document title: Transitions in Domestic Architecture and Home Culture in Twentieth Century Iran (Nasser Rabbat) 

Kauffman, Jordan , web page   Lecturer, Boston University  … PhD, 2015, fund grp: ch, document title: Drawing on Architecture: The Socioaesthetics of Architectural Drawing, 1970-1990 (Mark Jarzombek) 

Ketcham, Christopher , web page   … PhD, 2018, fund grp: ch, document title:   Minimal art and body politics in New York City, 1961-1975 (Caroline Jones) 

Keyvanian, Carla L. , web page   Associate Professor, Auburn University  … PhD, 2000, fund grp: ch, document title: Charity, Architecture and Urban Development in Post-Tridentine Rome: The Hospital of the SS. ma Trinita' dei Pellegrini e Convalescenti (1548-1680) (Henry Millon) 

Koss, Juliet , web page   Associate Professor of Art History, Scripps College  … PhD, 2000, fund grp: rt, document title: Empathy Abstracted: Georg Fuchs and the Munich Artists' Theater (Stanford Anderson) 

Kraynak, Janet L. , web page   Lecturer and Director, MA in Modern and Contemporary Art, Columbia University  … PhD, 2001, fund grp: rt, document title: A Rose Has No Teeth: Bruce Nauman 1965-1974 (Michael Leja) 

Kroiz, Lauren , web page   Assistant Professor, University of California, Berkeley  … PhD, 2008, fund grp: rt, document title: New Races, New Media: The Struggle For A Modern American Art, 1890-1925 (Caroline Jones) 

Kubo, Michael , w eb page   Associate Professor, Rhode Island School of Design  … PhD, 2018, fund grp: ch, document title: Architecture Incorporated: Authorship, Anonymity, and Collaboration in Postwar Modernism (Mark Jarzombek) 

Kully, Deborah  … PhD, 2011, fund grp: ch, document title: Speculating on Architecture: Morality, the New Real Estate, and the Bourgeois Apartment Industry in Late Nineteenth-Century France (Erika Naginski and Mark Jarzombek) 

Lamprakos, Michele , web page   Assistant Professor, University of Maryland; Architect and Founder, Palimpsest, LLC, Springfield, MD  … PhD, 2006, fund grp: ia, document title: Conservation and Building Practice in a World Heritage City: The Case of Sana'a, Yemen (Nasser Rabbat) 

Last, Nana , web page   Associate Professor, University of Virginia  … PhD, 1999, fund grp: ch, document title: Images of Entanglement: Wittgensteinan Spatial Practices between Architecture and Philosophy (Mark Jarzombek) 

Lee, Sanghun   Associate Professor, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea  … PhD, 1996, fund grp: ch, document title: Technology and Form: Iron Construction and Transformation of Architectural Ideals in Nineteenth Century France, 1830-1889 (Stanford Anderson) 

Legault, Réjean , web page   Professor, Université du Québec à Montréal  … PhD, 1997, fund grp: rt, document title: L'Appareil de L'Architecture Moderne: New Materials and Architectural Modernity in France (1889-1934) (Stanford Anderson) 

Lenssen, Anneka , web page   Assistant Professor, University of California, Berkeley  … PhD, 2014, fund grp: ia, document title: The Shape of the Support: Painting and Politics in Syria's Twentieth Century (Nasser Rabbat) 

León, Ana María , web page   Assistant Professor, University of Michigan  … PhD, 2015, fund grp: ch, document title: Surrealism for the Masses: Housing the Unconscious from Barcelona to Buenos Aires, 1938-1960 (Mark Jarzombek) 

López, John F , web page   Assistant Professor, University of California, Davis  … PhD, 2013, fund grp: ch, document title: The Hydrographic City: Mapping Mexico City's Urban Form in Relation to Its Aquatic Condition, 1521-1700 (David Friedman) 

Lopez-Duran, Fabiola , web page   Assistant Professor, Department of Art History, Rice University  … PhD, 2009, fund grp: ch, document title: Eugenics in the Garden: Architecture, Medicine, and Landscape from France to Latin America in the Early Twentieth Century (Arindam Dutta) 

López, Albert José-Antonio   web page Assistant Professor, School of Architecture and Planning, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque  ...PhD, 2021, The Integrated State: Architecture, Planning, and Politics in Mexico, 1938-1958 

Lum, Eric , web page   Online Director, Academy of Art University  … PhD, 1999, fund grp: ch, document title: Architecture as Artform: Drawing, Painting, Collage, and Architecture, 1945-1965 (Mark Jarzombek) 

Lunn, Margaret Rauschenbach  Fiber Artist  … PhD, 1983, fund grp: rt, document title: G.-Albert Aurier, Critic and Theorist of Symbolist Art (Wayne Anderson) 

Marefat, Mina , web page   Principal, Design Research; Lecturer, Georgetown University  … PhD, 1988, fund grp: ia, document title: Building to power: architecture of Tehran 1921-1941 (Stanford Anderson) 

Matteson, M. Benjamin , web page   Adjunct Faculty, Wentworth Institute of Technology  … PhD, 2014, fund grp: ch, document title: Between Architectures: Institutionalization and Architectural Discourse in Early Twentieth-Century Poland (Mark Jarzombek) 

Maxim, Juliana , web page   Associate Professor and Director of Architecture Program, University of San Diego  … PhD, 2006, fund grp: rt, document title: The New, the Old, the Modern. Architecture and its Representation in Socialist Romania 1955-1965 (Stanford Anderson) 

Mazarakis, Valeria  Architect and Independent scholar  … PhD, 2001, fund grp: ch, document title: José Rafael Moneo Vallés: 1965-1985 (Stanford Anderson) 

McLaren, Brian L. , web page   Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Architecture, University of Washington  … PhD, 2001, fund grp: ch, document title: Mediterraneità and Modernità: Architecture and Culture during the Period of Italian Colonization of North Africa (Mark Jarzombek) 

Michailidis, Melanie  … PhD, 2007, fund grp: ia, document title: Landmarks of the Persian Renaissance: Monumental Funerary Architecture in Iran and Central Asia in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries (Nasser Rabbat) 

Moffat, Isabelle  Independent art historian and critic, Berlin, Germany  … PhD, 2002, fund grp: rt, document title: The Independent Group's Encounters with Logical Positivism and Searches for Unity in the 1951 Growth and Form Exhibition (Leo Marx) 

Moon, Iris Jee , web page   Assistant Curator, Metropolittan Museum of Art, New York  … PhD, 2013, fund grp: rt, document title: Ornament after the Orders: Percier, Fontaine and the Rise of the Architectural Interior in Post-Revolutionary France (Mark Jarzombek) 

Morshed, Adnan Z ., web page   Associate Professor, The Catholic University of America  … PhD, 2002, fund grp: ia, document title: The Aviator's (Re)Vision of the World: An Aesthetics of Ascension in Norman Bel Geddes's Futurama (Stanford Anderson and Mark Jarzombek) 

Muzaffar, M. Ijlal , web page   Associate Professor, Rhode Island School of Design  … PhD, 2007, fund grp: ch, document title: The Periphery Within: Modern Architecture and the Making of the Third World (Mark Jarzombek) 

Nitzan-Shiftan, Alona , web page  Associate Professor, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology  … PhD, 2002, fund grp: ch, document title: Isrealizing Jerusalem: The Encouter Between Architectural and National Ideologies 1967-1977 (Mark Jarzombek) 

O'Brien, Jim  Architect, Jim O'Brien Architects  … PhD, 2007, fund grp: ch, document title: Possibilities for Architectural Production Under Capitalism (Mark Jarzombek and William Mitchell) 

Oen, Karin , web page   Deputy Director, Curatorial Programmes, NTU CCA Singapore  … PhD, 2012, fund grp: rt, document title: Admonition and the Academy: Installation, Video, and Performance Art in Reform Era China (Caroline Jones) 

Okoye, Ikem , web page   Associate Professor, University of Delaware  … PhD, 1995, fund grp: ch, document title: 'Hideous' Architecture: Feint and Resistance in Turn of the Century South-Eastern Nigerian Building (Stanford Anderson) 

Orbay, Iffet  Ceramicist, Quebec  … PhD, 2001, fund grp: ia, document title: Istanbul Viewed: The Representation of the City in Ottoman Maps of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (Stanford Anderson and Gulru Necipoglu) 

Osman, Michael , web page   Associate Professor, UCLA  … PhD, 2008, fund grp: ch, document title: Regulation, Architecture and Modernism in the United States, 1890-1920 (Mark Jarzombek) 

Otero-Pailos, Jorge , web page   Professor and Director of Historic Preservation, GSAPP, Columbia University  … PhD, 2002, fund grp: ch, document title: Theorizing the Anti-Avant-Garde: Invocations of Phenomenology in Architectural Discourse 1945-1989 (Mark Jarzombek) 

Pai, Hyungmin  Professor, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea  … PhD, 1993, fund grp: ch, document title: From the Portfolio to the Diagram: Architectural Discourse and the Transformation of the Discipline of Architecture in America, 1918-1943 (Stanford Anderson) 

Pedret, Annie , web page   Associate Professor, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea  … PhD, 2001, fund grp: ch, document title: CIAM and the Emergence of Team 10 Thinking, 1945-1959 (Mark Jarzombek) 

Pereira, Claudio Calovi , web page   Associate Professor, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil  … PhD, 1998, fund grp: ch, document title: Architectural Practice and the Planning of Minor Palaces in Renaissance Italy: 1510-1570 (David Friedman) 

Pezolet, Nicola , web page   Associate Professor, Concordia University, Montreal  … PhD, 2013, fund grp: rt, document title: Spectacles Plastiques: Reconstruction and the Debates on the "Synthesis of the Arts" in France, 1944-1962 (Caroline Jones) 

Pollak, Martha , web page   Professor, University of Illinois, Chicago  … PhD, 1984, fund grp: ch, document title: The Seventeenth Century Urban Expansion of Turin (Henry Millon) 

Presutti, Kelly , web page   Assistant Professor, Cornell University  … PhD, 2017, fund grp: rt, document title: Terroir after the Terror: Landscape and Representation in Nineteenth-Century France (Kristel Smentek) 

Pyla, Panayiota , web page   Associate Professor, University of Cyprus  … PhD, 2002, fund grp: ia, document title: Ekistics, Architecture, and Environmental Politics, 1945-1976: A Prehistory of Sustainable Development (Stanford Anderson and Mark Jarzombek) 

Rabbat, Nasser , web page   Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology  … PhD, 1991, fund grp: ia, document title: The Citadel of Cairo, 1176-1341: Reconstructing Architecture from Texts (Stanford Anderson) 

Ramaswamy, Deepa , web page   … PhD, 2018, fund grp: ch, document title:   Transactional terrains : partnerships, bargains and the Postwar redefinition of the public realm, New York City 1965-1980 (Arindam Dutta) 

Rizvi, Kishwar , web page   Associate Professor, Yale University  … PhD, 2000, fund grp: ia, document title: Transformations in Early Safavid Architecture: The Shrine of Shaykh Safi Al-Din Ishaq Ardabili in Iran (1501-1629) (Nassar Rabbat and Gulru Necipoglu) 

Rogers, Sarah  Independent Scholar  … PhD, 2008, fund grp: rt, document title: Postwar Art and the Historical Roots of Beirut's Cosmopolitanism (Nasser Rabbat and Caroline Jones) 

Savas, Aysen , web page   Professor, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey  … PhD, 1994, fund grp: ch, document title: Between Document and Monument: Architectural Artefacts in the Age of Specialized Institutions (Stanford Anderson) 

Sayed, Hazem   App Developer  … PhD, 1987, fund grp: ia, document title: The Rab' in Cairo: A Window on Mamluk Architecture and Urbanism (Stanford Anderson) 

Schmidt, Sebastian , web page   Director of Curricular Planning & Educational Initiatives,  Lecturer in Urban Planning and Design, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design  … PhD, 2017, fund grp: ch, document title: From Global War to Global Cities: Planning, Art, and Post-WWII Urban History in New York, Berlin, and Tokyo (Mark Jarzombek) 

Schwarzer, Mitchell , web page   Professor, California College of the Arts, San Francisco, CA  … PhD, 1991, fund grp: rt, document title: Adolf Loos and Theories of the Practical Arts in 19th Century Austria and Germany (Stanford Anderson) 

Sezer, Yavuz , web page   Lecturer, Istanbul Bilgi University  … PhD, 2016, fund grp: ia, document title: The Architecture of Bibliophilia: Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Libraries (Nasser Rabbat) 

Sheren, Ila , web page   Associate Professor, Washington University on St. Louis  … PhD, 2011, fund grp: rt, document title: Portable Borders/Mythical Sites: Performance Art and Politics on the US Frontera, 1968 - 牐獥湥䡴ऀ儀 (Caroline Jones) 

Siler, Todd , web page   Artist, inventor, author  … PhD, 1986, fund grp: rt, document title: Architectonics of Thought: A Symbolic Model of Neuropsychological Processes (Stanford Anderson) 

Siry, Joseph M. , web page   Professor, Weslayan University  … PhD, 1984, fund grp: ch, document title: The Carson-Pirie-Scott Building in Chicago (Stanford Anderson) 

Steiner, Hadas A. , web page   Associate Professor, University at Buffalo-SUNY  … PhD, 2001, fund grp: rt, document title: Bathrooms, Bubbles, and Systems: Archigram and the Landscapes of Transience (Mark Jarzombek) 

Stieber, Nancy  Professor Emeritus, University of Massachusetts, Boston  … PhD, 1986, fund grp: ch, document title: The Professionalization of Housing Design: A Study of Collectivism and Cultural Pluralism in Amsterdam, 1909-1919 (Stanford Anderson) 

Tohme, Lara , web page   Lead Academic Director, West Campus, Undergraduate Advising and Research, Stanford University  … PhD, 2005, fund grp: ia, document title: Out of Antiquity: Umayyad Baths in Context (Nasser Rabbat) 

Tuerk, Stephanie , web page   Senior Data Visualization Engineer at Mathematica  … PhD, 2016, fund grp: ch, document title: Utilité publique: Architecture, Urbanism, and Aesthetic Reform in Turn of the Century France (Mark Jarzombek) 

Uchill, Rebecca , web page   Lecturer, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth  … PhD, 2015, fund grp: rt, document title: Developing Experience: Alexander Dorner's Exhibitions, from Weimar Republic Germany to the Cold War United States (Caroline Jones) 

Udovicki-Selb, Danilo , web page   Associate Professor, University of Texas, Austin, Texas  … PhD, 1995, fund grp: rt, document title: The Invention of the 1937 Paris Exhibition: An Exhibition Without Style (Stanford Anderson) 

Urban, Florian , web page   Professor and Head of Architectural History and Urban Studies, Glasgow School of Art  … PhD, 2006, fund grp: ch, document title: The Invention of the Historic City -- Building the Past in East Berlin 1970-1990 (Mark Jarzombek) 

Vicario, Niko , web page   Assistant Professor, Amherst College  … PhD, 2015, fund grp: rt, document title: Import/Export: Raw Materials, Hemispheric Expertise, and the Making of Latin American Art, 1933-1945 (Caroline Jones) 

Vronskaya, Alla , web page   Assistant Professor, Illinois Institute of Technology  … PhD, 2014, fund grp: ch, document title: The Productive Unconscious: Architecture, Experimental Psychology and Techniques of Subjectivity in Soviet Russia, 1919-1935 (Mark Jarzombek) 

Vujosevic, Tijana , web page   Assistant Professor, University of Western Australia  … PhD, 2010, fund grp: ch, document title: Architectures of the Everyday in 1920s and 1930s Russia (Mark Jarzombek) 

Weiss, Kirsten  … PhD, 2008, fund grp: ch, document title: The Face of the German House: Modernization and Cultural Anxiety in 20th Century Architectural Photographs (Mark Jarzombek) 

Wendelken, Cherie  Independent Scholar  … PhD, 1994, fund grp: ch, document title: Living with the Past: Conservation and Development in Post-War Japanese Architecture and Town Planning (Stanford Anderson) 

Wheeler, Katherine , web page   Lecturer and Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Tennessee Knoxville  … PhD, 2007, fund grp: ch, document title: The Reception and Study of Renaissance Architecture in Great Britain, 1890-1914 (Mark Jarzombek) 

Whiting, Sarah M. , web page   Dean, Harvard Graduate School of Design  … PhD, 2001, fund grp: ch, document title: The Jungle in the Clearing: Space, Form and Democracy in America, 1940-1949 (Stanford Anderson) 

Widrich, Mechtild , web page   Professor, School of the Art Institute of Chicago  … PhD, 2009, fund grp: rt, document title: Performative Monuments: Public Art and Commemoration in Postwar Europe (Caroline Jones and Martha Buskirk) 

Wong, Winnie Won Yin , web page   Assistant Professor, University of California, Berkeley  … PhD, 2010, fund grp: rt, document title: After the Copy: Creativity, Originality and the Labor of Appropriation--Dafen Village, Shenzhen, China (1989-2010) (Caroline Jones) 

Wong, Y.C. , web page   Associate Professor, National University of Singapore  … PhD, 1999, fund grp: ch, document title: The Geodesic Works of Richard Buckminster Fuller (1948-68) (The Universe as a Home of Man) (Stanford Anderson) 

Wortham-Galvin, B.D. , web page   Associate Professor, Clemson University  … PhD, 2006, fund grp: ch, document title: Mythologies of an Everyday American Landscape: Henry Ford at the Wayside Inn (Mark Jarzombek) 

Yahya, Maha , web page   Director, Carnegie Middle East Center, Beirut, Lebanon  … PhD, 2005, fund grp: ia, document title: Unnamed Modernisms: National Ideologies and Historical Imaginaries in Beirut's Urban Architecture (Mark Jarzombek and Philip Khoury) 

SMArchS or MAAS Theses

Abbas, Yasmine , web page   Chair of Design Management, Paris College of Art  … SMArchS 2001, subgrp: hi, Embodiment: Mental and Physical Geographies of the Neo-nomad (William Porter)  received a DDes from Harvard University 

AbdelAzim, Mariam , web page   Researcher and Gallery Assistant, Storefront for Art and Architecture  … SMArchS 2014, subgrp: hi, Re-Urbanizing Ismailia By Implementing an Urban Infill Housing Approach (Michael Dennis) 

Abed, Jamal H. , web page   Dean, Faculty of Architecture and Design, AZM University, Tripoli, Lebanon; Director of Palanning & Design and Partner, Millenium Development International  … SMArchS 1988, subgrp: hi, Traditional Building Trades and Crafts in Changing Socio-economic Realities and Present Aesthetic Values: Case Studies in Syria (Ronald Lewcock) 

Abu Hantash, Tawfig , web page   Associate Professor, American University of Ras al Khaimah; Principal Designer, GDAR Group For Design and Architectural Research  … SMArchS 1989, subgrp: hi, Ibn Khaldun and the City: A Study of the Physical Formation of Medieval Cairo (Stanford Anderson) 

Agrawal, Vivek , web page   Senior Partner, McKinsey & Co, Japan  … SMArchS 1993, subgrp: hi, Reading Context in Design (William Porter) 

Ahmed, Imran , web page   Executive Managing Director, CBRE Capital Advisors  … SMArchS 1992, subgrp: hi, The Journey from New Delhi to Islamabad: Dependence and Subversion in the Ambivalent Expression of Nationhood (Francesco Passanti) 

Ahmed, K. Iftekhar   … SMArchS 1991, subgrp: hi, Up to the Waist in Mud!: the Assessment and Application of Earth-derivative Architecture in Rural Bangladesh (Ronald Lewcock) 

Akbar, Jamel A. , web page   … SMArchS 1981, subgrp: hi, Support for Court-Yard Houses. Riyad, Saudi Arabia (N. John Habraken)  received a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Akhtar, Saima , web page   Postdoctoral Associate, Yale University  … SMArchS 2007, subgrp: hi, Shangri La: Architecture as Collection (Nasser Rabbat and Caroline Jones)  received a PhD from University of California, Berkeley 

Akkar, Ghita   President, Highline Development, Boston  … SMArchS 2011, subgrp: hi, A Cultural, Customizable and Prefabricated Housing Grammar for Casablanca (Terry Knight and Reinhard Goethert) 

al Husseini, Dalia  … SMArchS 2007, subgrp: hi, Aqaba's Old Town: Proposed Model for Community Development within the Aqaba Special Economic Zone (Reinhard Goethert) 

Al Kazzaz, Tarek  Managing Partner, AlMutawir, Kuwait  … SMArchS 1990, subgrp: ht, A Critique of the Logic of Consumption in Postmodern Architecture: The Museum as a Case Study (Stanford Anderson) 

al-Harithy, Howayda , web page   Professor, American University, Beirut, Lebanon  … SMArchS 1987, subgrp: hi, Architectural Form and Meaning in Light of Al Jurjani's Literary Theories (Stanford Anderson)  received a PhD from Harvard University 

Al-Masri, Wa'el M.  Chief Architect, Wael Al-Masri Planners and Architects (WMPA)  … SMArchS 1993, subgrp: hi, Architecture and the Question of Identity: Issues of Self-representation in Islamic Community Centers in America (Masood A. Khan) 

Alamuddin, Hana , web page   Principal and Architect, Almimariya, Architects and Designers for Sustainable Development; Senior lecturer, American University of Beirut  … SMArchS 1987, subgrp: hi, Waterfront Developments in the Middle East Case Study: the Golden Horn Project, Istanbul, Turkey (Ronald Lewcock) 

Ali al-Zaghmouri, Mohammed K .  Industrial Professor, German Jordanian University; Founder, GDAR Group For Design and Architectural Research  … SMArchS 1989, subgrp: hi, The Use of Precedents in Contemporary Arab Architecture, Case Studies: Rasem Badran and Henning Larsen (Stanford Anderson) 

Alkhabbaz, Mohammed  PhD Candidate, Illinois Institute of Technology  … SMArchS 2010, subgrp: hi, Renewable Success: Development of Good Architecture in the Case of Arriyadh Development Authority, Saudi Arabia (Mark Jarzombek) 

Alrabe, Muneerah , web page   … SMArchS 2016, subgrp: hi, Spatial Practice: The Politics of "Activating" Public Space in the State of Kuwait (James Wescoat) 

AlSayyad, Nezar M ., web page   Professor, University of California, Berkeley  … SMArchS 1981, subgrp: ht, Streets of Islamic Cairo: a configuration of urban themes and patterns (William Porter)  received a PhD from University of California, Berkeley 

Amundsen, Minakshi  Asst. Vice Pres. for Facilities and Campus Planning, Colby College  … SMArchS and MCP (dual degree) 1998, subgrp: hi, The Future of the Past - -Conserving the Mellah of Rabat, Morocco (Attilio Petruccioli and John de Monchaux) 

Anderson, James , web page   Programmer, Datagraph, Germany  … SMArchS 1986, subgrp: ht, The Architecture of Hans Scharoun: Practice 1933-1945 (Stanford Anderson) 

Ani, Raya , web page   Lead Designer-Principal, RAW-NYC Architects  … SMArchS 1994, subgrp: hi, In the Shadow of Segregation: Women's Identity in the Modern Iraqi House (Sibel Bozdogan) 

Ansari, Sadaf  Associate Director of Studies/Resident Fellow, National University of Singapore  … SMArchS 2003, subgrp: hi, Constructing and Consuming 'Heritage': Popular Perception of Humayun's Tomb (Arindam Dutta and Heghnar Watenpaugh) 

Ansari, Zarminae  … SMArchS 1997, subgrp: hi, A Contemporary Architectural Quest and Synthesis: Kamil Khan   Mumtaz in Pakistan (Attilio Petruccioli ) 

Arida, Saeed , web page   Chief Executive Officer, NuVu  … SMArchS 2004, subgrp: hi, Contextualizing the Generative Design (Terry Knight)  received a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Arkaraprasertkul , Non  Senior Lecturer, University of Sydney, Australia  … SMArchS 2007, subgrp: ht, Shanghai Contemporary: The Politics of Built Form (Stanford Anderson and Yung Ho Chang)  received a PhD from Harvard University 

As, Imdat  Assistant Professor, University of Hartford  … SMArchS 2002, subgrp: hi, Emergent Design: Rethinking of Contemporary Mosque Architecture in Light of Digital Technology (Takehiko Nagakura)  received a DDes from Harvard University 

Asfour, Khaled  Associate Professor, School of Architecture, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt  … SMArchS 1987, subgrp: hi, Dealing with the Incompatible! (Ronald Lewcock)  received a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Ashraf, Kazi , web page   Professor, School of Architecture, University of Hawaii at Manoa  … SMArchS 1988, subgrp: hi, Architecture as Evocation of Place: Thoughts on An Archtectural "Beginning" in Bangladesh (William Porter)  received a PhD from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 

Autorino, Salvatore  Managing Director - ‎Autorino Associati  … SMArchS 1994, subgrp: hi, Memory of Islam: Culture and Politics in Sixteenth-century Religious Architecture of Mexico and Peru (Attilio Petruccioli ) 

Badshah, Akhtar , web page   Chief Catalyst, Catalytic Innovators Group  … SMArchS 1993, subgrp: hi, Interventions into Old Residential Quarters: the Case of Shahjahanabad (William Porter) 

Bagchee, Nandini , web page   Associate Professor, City College of New York  … SMArchS 2000, subgrp: hi, Book Illumination and Archiectural Decoration: The Mausoleum of Uljaytu in Sultaniyya (Nasser Rabbat) 

Basrai, Zameer , web page   Architect, The Busride Design Studio, and Architect at Splitlabs, Mumbai, India  … SMArchS 2009, subgrp: hi, The New Citizens: A Study in Architectural Identity of Public Philanthropic Institutions Built by Two Isma`ili Communities in Contemporary Bombay (James Wescoat) 

Behle Fralick , Chelsea, web page   Lecturer, University of San Diego  … SMArchS 2012, subgrp: ht, "Art is Love is God": Wallace Berman and the Transmission of 'Aleph', 1956-66 (Caroline Jones) 

Bernier, Beatrice N ., web page   Founder, Beatrice Bazaar Cutting Edge Jewelry, London. UK  … SMArchS 1989, subgrp: ht, Fashion, City, People (Leila Kinney) 

Beshir, Tarek , web page   Managing Director, Tarek Beshir Architects, Cairo  … SMArchS 1993, subgrp: hi, Architecture Beyond Cultural Polictics: Western Practice in the Arabian Peninsula (Sibel Bozdogan) 

Bhalla, Arunjot , web page   Managing Director, India, RSP Architects Planners & Engineers  … SMArchS 1994, subgrp: hi, Ordering the Land: Urban Metaphors for a Park in Cairo (William Porter) 

Bilsel, Can , web page   Professor and Department Chair, Art, Architecture + Art History, University of San Diego  … SMArchS 1996, subgrp: hi, From Scientific Framing to Architectural Reconstruction: The Creation of an Ideal Image at Didyma (Stanford Anderson)  received a PhD from Princeton University 

Bonnemaison, Sarah , web page   Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Planning, Dalhousie University  … SMArchS 1985, subgrp: ht, Lightweight Structures in Urban Design (Stanford Anderson)  received a PhD from the University of British Columbia 

Brady, Noel J .  Creative Director, NJBA A+U; Lecturer, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland  … SMArchS 1989, subgrp: ht, Towards the Poetic (Imre Halasz) 

Bressani, Martin , web page   Professor and Director, School of Architecture, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec  … SMArchS 1985, subgrp: ht, Rationalism and the Organic Analogy in Fin-de-Siècle Paris: Auguste Perret and the Building at 25bis, rue Franklin (Stanford Anderson)  received a PhD from the University Paris Sorbonne-- Paris IV 

Buelow, Deborah ,  web page   Principal, CEDAR Architects, Washington, DC  … SMArchS 2010, subgrp: hd, Peripheral Memory: New York's Forgotten Landscape (Mark Jarzombek) 

Cahn, Elizabeth  Program Coordinator, Cancer Connection  … SMArchS 1986, subgrp: ht, The Lawn and the Forest: Architectural Landscape in the Work of Thomas Jefferson and Frank Lloyd Wright (Stanford Anderson)  received a PhD from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst 

Cakmakli, Oruc  … SMArchS 1983, subgrp: hi, Transformation of Traditional Design Concepts into Contemporary Architecture (Eric Dluhosch) 

Camerlenghi, Nicola (Nick) , web page   Assistant Professor, Dartmouth College  … SMArchS 2000, subgrp: ht, Michaelangelo's "Libreria Secreta" (David Friedman)  received a PhD from Princeton University 

Capdevila Werning, Remei  Director of Education & Public Programs, El Museo del Barrio, New York City  … SMArchS 2007, subgrp: ht, Construing Reconstruction: The Barcelona Pavilion and Nelson Goodman's Aesthetic Philosophy (Erika Naginski)  received a PhD from Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona 

Chernyakova, Irina , PhD Candidate, Columbia University 

… SMArchS 2013, subgrp: ht, Systems of valuation (Arindam Dutta and Mark Jarzombek) 

Chowdhury, Asiya  … SMArchS 1993, subgrp: hi, The Persistent Metaphor: Gender in the Representations of the Cairene House by Edward W. Lane and Hassan Fathy (Sibel Bozdogan) 

Chung, Yueh-Minne  Architect, Y Min Chung, Pinole, CA  … SMArchS 1989, subgrp: ht, Columns and Walls: The Interplay between Structure and Space (Stanford Anderson) 

Chuong, Jennifer, web page   Harvard Society of Fellows, Junior Fellow 2019-2022  Research Fellow, Smithsonian American Art Museum  … SMArchS 2012, subgrp: ht, "Art is a Hardy Plant": Benjamin Henry Latrobe and the Cultivation of a Transitional Aesthetics (Arindam Dutta and Mark Jarzombek)  received a MA from Harvard University 

Cipriani, Barbara  Project Manager II, AECOM Tishman  … SMArchS 2005, subgrp: hi, Development of Construction Techniques in the Mamluk Domes of Cairo (Nasser Rabbat) 

Corm, Tamara H.  Director, Pace Gallery London  … SMArchS 2000, subgrp: hi, "La Revelation m'est venue de L'Orient" Henri Matisse, 1947 (Nasser Rabbat) 

Dackiw, Walter  Real Estate Developer - Czech Republic  … SMArchS 1985, subgrp: ht, Just Spaces, Just Places: towards a theory of Justice for human action in time and space (Edward Robbins) 

Datey, Aparna  … SMArchS 1996, subgrp: hi, Cultural Production and Identity in Colonial and Post-Colonial Madras, India (Sibel Bozdogan) 

Dawood, Azra , web page   PhD Candidate, Massachusetts Institute of Technology  … SMArchS 2010, subgrp: hi, Failure to Engage: The Breasted-Rockefeller Gift of a New Egyptian Museum and Research Institute at Cairo (1926) (Nasser Rabbat)  received a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2018 

De Costa, Alfred   … SMArchS 1989, subgrp: hi, A Reinterpretation of 'Sense of Place': A Study of the Stone Town Zanzibar (Ronald Lewcock) 

de Silva, Nushelle , web page   PhD Candidate, Massachusetts Institute of Technology  … SMArchS 2015, subgrp: ht, Assembling Smallness: The American Small Industries Exhibition, Ceylon 1961 (Arindam Dutta) 

DeBartolo, III, Jack  DeBartolo Architects, Phoenix, AZ  … SMArchS 1994, subgrp: ht, The Perception of Illumination: The Phenomenological Dimension of Natural Light in the Making of the Urban Sanctuary (Stanford Anderson) 

Demerdash, Nancy , web page   Assistant Professor, Albion College, Albion, Michigan  … SMArchS 2009, subgrp: hi, Mapping Myths of the Medina: Orientalist Visions, French Colonial Urbanism, and the Politics of Heritage in Marrakesh (Nasser Rabbat)  received a PhD from Princeton University 

Demirtas, Aslihan  Principal, Aslihan Demirtas Design & Research  … SMArchS 2000, subgrp: hi, Artificial Nature: Water Infrastructure and its Experience as Natural Space (William Porter and Sibel Bozdoğan) 

Deser, Abigail , web page   Director & Designer, Los Angeles Philharmonic Association  … SMArchS 1991, subgrp: ht, Defining the Public: Three Moments of Audience Address in 20th Century Artistic Production (Benjamin Buchloh) 

Diaz-Borioli, Leonardo , web page   Architect; Creative Director, Estudio 3.14, Guadalajara, México  … SMArchS 2003, subgrp: ht, Tilting the Mirror: Packaging Spanish Architecture in Late Nineteenth Century California (Arindam Dutta) 

Dietz, Thomas M  Architect, BGD&C Corp. Chicago, IL  … SMArchS 2005, subgrp: ht, The Road from Pope to King: Il Corso Vittorio Emanuele II (David Friedman) 

El Hayek, Chantal , web page   PhD Candidate, Massachusetts Institute of Technology  … SMArchS 2015, subgrp: hi, The Last Levantine City: Beirut, 1830-1930 (Nasser Rabbat) 

el-Khoury, Rodolphe , web page   Dean of the University of Miami School of Architecture; Partner, Khoury Levit Fong (KLF)  … SMArchS 1989, subgrp: ht, The Architecture of Montage: A Critical Inquiry into the Work of Machado/Silvetti (Francesco Passanti) received a PhD from Princeton University 

ElKatsha, Markus  … SMArchS and MCP (dual degree) 2000, subgrp: hi, The Evolution of Al Azhar Street, Al-Qahira, Egypt (John de Monchaux) 

Elshahed, Mohamed , web page   Project Curator, The British Museum  … SMArchS 2007, subgrp: hi, Facades of Modernity: Image, Performance and Transformation in the Egyptian Metropolis (Nasser Rabbat)  received a PhD from New York University 

Emami, Farshid   PhD Candidate, Harvard University  … SMArchS 2011, subgrp: hi, Civic Visions, National Politics, and International Designs: Three Proposals for a New Urban Center in Tehran (1966 - 1976) (James Wescoat) 

Erten, Erdem  Associate Professor, Izmir Institute of Technology  … SMArchS 1998, subgrp: ht, Questioning Horatios Grenough's Thoughts on Architecture (Mark Jarzombek)  received a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Eskandari, Maryam  Principal Designer, MIIM Designs  … SMArchS 2011, subgrp: hi, Women Places and Spaces in Contemporary American Mosque (Nasser Rabbat) 

Etemad Yousefi , Arash  The Ventin Group Architects, Toronto, Canada  … SMArchS 2005, subgrp: hi, Medieval Islamic and Gothic Architectural Drawings: Masons, Craftsmen and Architects (David Friedman) 

Evans, J. Chris  … SMArchS 1992, subgrp: ht, Imminence and Immanence: Embodied Meaning in Architectural Experience (Francesco Passanti) 

Feng, Zisong   … SMArchS 1994, subgrp: hi, Conceptual Urbanism: Towards a Method of Urban Form and Urban Design (William Porter) 

Fenske, Gail , web page   Professor of Architecture, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI  … SMArchS 1982, subgrp: ht, The Tower: a Study in Change of Meaning (Stanford Anderson)  received a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Fischer, Rio , web page   … SMArchS 2017, subgrp: hi, Aesthetics of the Qur'anic Epigraphy on the Taj Mahal () 

Francisco, Scott , web page   Architect; Director, Pilot Projects Design Collective, New York, NY  … SMArchS 2005, subgrp: hd, Useable Space (Mark Jarzombek) 

Friedman, Nathan , web page   Director, Departamento del Distrito, Mexico City  … SMArchS 2015, subgrp: ht, Hypothetical Geography: Constituting Limits on a New American Frontier (Ana Miljacki) 

Furguiele, Antonio , web page   Associate Professor, Wentworth Institute of Technology  … SMArchS 2013, subgrp: ht, Architecture of the Cloud, Virtualization Takes Command:Llearning from black boxes, data centers and an architecture of the conditioned environment (Mark Jarzombek) 

Ge, Wenjun  Architect, Boston, MA  … SMArchS 2008, subgrp: hd, Social Congestion in Shanghai: A Urban Housing Designed on Its Sections (Stanford Anderson and Yung Ho Chang) 

González, Robert , web page   Assistant Professor of Architecture, Tulane University  … SMArchS 1993, subgrp: ht, Sunset Magazine: In Search of a House for Western Living (Royston Landau)  received a PhD from the University of California, Berkeley 

Greeley, Robin , web page   Associate Professor, Department of Art History, University of Connecticut  … SMArchS 1988, subgrp: ht, Image, Text and the Female Body: Rene Magritte and the Surrealist Publication (Anne Wagner) received a PhD from the University of California, Berkeley 

Grigor, Talinn , web page   Professor of Art History, University of California, Davis  … SMArchS 1998, subgrp: hi, Construction of History: Mohammad-Reza Shah Revivalism, Nationalism, and Monumental Architecture of Tehran, 1951-1979 (Nasser Rabbat)  received a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Gul, Marium   Intermediate Designer, Forrec, Ltd  … SMArchS 2011, subgrp: hi, Mitigating Floods: Reconstructing Lives: Rehabilitating Thatta (James Wescoat) 

Gulyani, Sumila  Global Lead for Urban Development Strategy and Analytics, World Bank  … SMArchS and MCP (dual degree) 1992, subgrp: hi, Rethinking Resettlement--Employment, Negotiation and Land in Singrauli, India (Lisa Peattie)  received a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Hadimioglu, Cagla J.  … SMArchS 2002, subgrp: hi, Proscribed Scenes from a Monument (Nasser Rabbat) 

Haider, Deeba  … SMArchS 1999, subgrp: hi, The Growing Pains of Global Cities - Struggles in the Urban Environment of Dubai and Singapore (Nasser Rabbat)  received a Consultant 

Haller Hudson, Margaret   Service Design Lead, Fjord Design  … SMArchS 2012, subgrp: ht, Delimiting The Grid: Naturalized Technology as Bodily Salvation in Domebooks 1-3 (Mark Jarzombek) 

Haq, Saif , web page   Professor and Associate Dean for Research, Texas Tech University  … SMArchS 1992, subgrp: hi, Meaning in Architecture: an Investigation of the Indigenous Environment in Bangladesh (Ronald Lewcock)  received a PhD from Georgia Institute of Technology 

Hassan, S. Faisal  … SMArchS 1995, subgrp: ht, Pan - Orao and Historical Necessity: Adjusted Frames and Optical Settlement (William Mitchell) 

Hays, K. Michael , web page   Associate Dean for Academics and Eliot Noyes Professor of Architectural Theory, Harvard University  … MArchAS 1979, subgrp: ht, Reference, Coherence, Meaning: A Realist Epistemology of Art (Henry Millon)  received a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Heinemann, Svea M.  TU Berlin  … SMArchS 2005, subgrp: ht, A Culture of Appropriation: Strategies of Temporary Reuse in East Germany (Mark Jarzombek) 

Hirji, Fatima  Associate Designer, ‎Denver Design Build LLC  … SMArchS 1995, subgrp: hi, Building New Thoughts: The Aga Khan Award for Architecture (Nasser Rabbat) 

Holmes, Jeffrey  Architect, Riverside, CA  … SMArchS 1994, subgrp: ht, Vsevolod Meyerhold: Modernism, Mass Culture and the Russian Avant Garde Stage (Benjamin Buchloh) 

Hubbard, Bill  Retired Architect, Boston, MA  … MArchAS 1976, subgrp: ht, "A System of Formal Analysis for Architectural Composition" (Stanford Anderson) 

Ikert, Amanda  Head of Adaptation and Water, C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group  … SMArchS and MCP (dual degree) 2005, subgrp: hi, Negotiating Community amongst Spatial and Identity Boundaries: The Case of "Unity in Diversity" in the Transmigration Settlement of Mopugad, Indonesia (John de Monchaux and Robert Cowherd) 

Ikonomidis-Doumbas, Agis , web page   Architect, Oikonomidis Architects, Athens  … SMArchS 1990, subgrp: ht, Adaptive Reuse and the Museum: Installing a Museum in a Preexisting Shell (Francesco Passanti) 

Ismail, Tanya , web page   … SMArchS 2016, subgrp: hi, Passive Architecture Tool for Exploratory Design: Case of Qatar (James Wescoat) 

Jacobson, Samuel , web page   Designer-Editor, HAHA Design, Los Angeles, CA  … SMArchS 2013, subgrp: ht, Notes on Sexuality & Space (Mark Jarzombek) 

Jalia, Aftab , web page   PhD Candidate, Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, UK  … SMArchS 2008, subgrp: hi, Refiguring the Sketch: The Nari Gandhi Cartographic (Stanford Anderson and Rahul Mehrotra)  received a PhD from the University of California, Berkeley 

James, Allison , web page   Producer in Residence, Art, Culture and Technology Program, MIT  … SMArchS 2015, subgrp: hi, The Architecture of Procession: Political and Spiritual Pathways between the Qutb Shahi Necropolis and Golconda Fortress (Nasser Rabbat) 

Jarrar, Sabri  … SMArchS 1990, subgrp: hi, A Memory Syndrome: Selfhood and Otherness at the Wailing Wall (David Friedman) 

Johnson, Adam Fulton , web page   Assistant Professor, Michigan State  … SMArchS 2011, subgrp: ht, American Archaeology and the Conceptualization of Preservation: Edgar Lee Hewett and the Crafting of the 1906 Antiquities Act (Mark Jarzombek) 

Kallipoliti, Lydia , web page   Assistant Professor, Rensselaer Institute of Technology  … SMArchS 2004, subgrp: hd, Dross: Re-genesis of diverse matter-a design post-praxis (Mark Goulthorpe and Ann Pendleton-Julian)  received a PhD from Princeton University 

Kanekar, Aarati    Associate Professor, University of Cincinnati  … SMArchS 1992, subgrp: hi, Celebration of Place: Processional Rituals and Urban Form (Julian Beinart)  received a PhD from the Georgia Institute of Technology 

Kanipak, Ömer , web page   Photographer, Yercekim Architectural Photography  … SMArchS 1998, subgrp: ht, Modernism and Dwelling: Residential Architecture in Early Republican Turkey (Sibel Bozdogan) 

Katsavounidou, Garyfallia (Fyllio)  Architect, City of Veria, Greece  … SMArchS 1998, subgrp: ht, Invisible Parentheses: Mapping (out) the City and Its Histories (Mark Jarzombek)  received a PhD from the Department of Architecture at the University of Thessaly 

Katz, Sarah , web page   Project Leader, University of Pennsylvania  … SMArchS 2012, subgrp: ht, Bonsai Imperium: Plant Capitalism in the U.S. and Japan, 1853-1924 (Caroline Jones) 

Keyvanian, Carla L. , web page   Associate Professor, Auburn University  … SMArchS 1992, subgrp: ht, Manfredo Tafuri's Notion of History and its Methodological Sources: From Walter Benjamin to Roland Barthes (Benjamin Buchloh)  received a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Khan, Masood A.  Principal, Masood A. Khan Architecture Planning and Conservation, Massachusetts; Senior Architect and Planner, Aga Khan Trust for Culture  … SMArchS 1983, subgrp: hi, 'Informal' Architecture: An Examination of Some Adaptive Processes in Architectural Tradition (Stanford Anderson) 

Khan, Sikander I.   Managing Partner, Mimar Consultants  … SMArchS 1988, subgrp: hi, In Search of A Direction in the Contemporary Architecture of Arabia (Ronald Lewcock) 

Khodr, Ali , web page   Adjunct Faculty, Boston Architectural College  … SMArchS 2017, subgrp: hi, Planning a Sectarian Topography: Revisiting Michael Ecohard's Master Plans for Beirut 1941-1964 () 

Khorakiwala, Ateya Asgar , web page   2017-18 Council on the Humanities / Princeton-Mellon Fellow  … SMArchS 2009, subgrp: ht, The State of Roads: Public Works as Research, India circa 1960 (Arindam Dutta)  received a PhD from Harvard University 

Kivlan, Anna K , web page   Research Associate, Duke University  … SMArchS 2007, subgrp: ht, An Eye for Vulgarity: How MoMA Saw Color through Wild Bill's Lens (Erika Naginski)  received a PhD from Duke University 

Kokkoris, Panos   … MArchAS 1980, subgrp: ht, Taste. A Commentary on its Genesis, Nature and Claims (Stanford Anderson) 

Kondur, Sunitha , web page   Partner, Hundredhands, Bangalore  … SMArchS 2000, subgrp: hi, Rediscovering "Place": Enhancing the Built Heritage of Singapore (John de Monchaux and Hasan-Uddin Khan) 

Kösebay Erkan, Yonca , web page   Associate Professor, Kadir Has University  … SMArchS 1998, subgrp: hi, An Interpretive Analysis of Matrakci Nashu's Beyan-i Menazil: Translating Text into Image (Nasser Rabbat)  received a PhD from Istanbul Technical University 

Kotab, Basel  Practice Leader, HOK, Dubai  … SMArchS 1991, subgrp: hi, Spatial Layering: An Effect of Cubist Concepts on 20th Century Architecture (Ronald Lewcock) 

Kotob, Jenine , web page   Architectural Designer, Quinn Evans Architects  … SMArchS 2013, subgrp: hi, Redefining Learning Environments in Conflict Areas: A Palestinian Case Study (James Wescoat) 

LaGuette, Victoria  … SM 1998, subgrp: hd, A Guide to Source Materials of the Life and Work of Lawrence B. Anderson '30 (Mark Jarzombek) 

Lai, Constance C  Manager of Historic Preservation Services, Grunley Construction, Rockville, MD  … SMArchS 1999, subgrp: ht, Charles Eames and Communication: from Education to Computers (Mark Jarzombek) 

Lee, Tonghoon , web page   Associate Professor, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea  … SMArchS 2002, subgrp: ht, Architecture and Tactility: Peter Zumthor's Thermal Baths in Vals and the Hybridization of the Two Motifs of Tactility--Materiality and Movement (Mark Jarzombek) 

Leiter, Jeffrey  Principal, Slumbrew Beer, Somerville, Ma  … SMArchS 1997, subgrp: ht, Erich Mendelsohn: constructing an image of modernity between Expressionism and the 1920's avant-garde (Mark Jarzombek) 

Lettow, Ash , web page   Adjunct Professor, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee  … SMArchS 2010, subgrp: ht, The Prospect (Mark Jarzombek) 

Levashov, Georgiy   Freelance Programmer & Developer  … SMArchS 1998, subgrp: hi, Computer Analyses of the Historical Development of Bukhara City from 5th c. B.C. to the 19th c. A.D (Attilio Petruccioli ) 

Lewis, Hilary , web page   Senior Editor, Tropic Magazine  … SMArchS 1988, subgrp: ht, The Rhode Island State House: The Competition (1890-1892) (Stanford Anderson) 

Liss, Alyson  Project Manager, Dineen Architecture + Design  … SMArchS 2006, subgrp: ht, The Rhetoric of Architecture and the Language of Pleasure: The Maison de Plaisance in Eighteenth Century France (Erika Naginski) 

Liuni, Francesca , web page   Independent Exhibition Designer  … SMArchS 2016, subgrp: hi, Experiencing Mathematical Proves: Syntax of an Astrolabe (Azra Aksamija and George Stiny) 

Lo, Melissa  Assistant Curator, The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens  … SMArchS 2008, subgrp: ht, Ideal Pathologies: Jean-Marc Bourgery's Traité complet de l'anatomie de l'homme (1831-1854) (David Friedman)  received a PhD in History of Science from Harvard University 

Long-Callesen, Semine 

… SMArchS 2020, subgrp: hi, The Raffles Museum in the shift from nature to culture (Arindam Dutta) 

Losonczy, Serena  Project Leader, University of Pennsylvania  … SMArchS 1992, subgrp: hi, The Form and Use of Public Space in a Changing Urban Context (Michael Dennis) 

Low, Kevin , web page   Director, Small Projects, Kuala Lampur, and Adjunct Professor, University of Queensland  … SMArchS 1991, subgrp: hi, The Dislocated Mind: in the Heart of Reverie (Ronald Lewcock) 

Lui, Ann Lok , web page   Assistant Professor, School of the Art Institute of Chicago; Principal, Future Firm  … SMArchS 2015, subgrp: ht, Extra-Architectural SOM and the Bureaucratic Avante-Garde (Arindam Dutta) 

Mahmood, Saman  Director, ICON Atelier, Inc  … SMArchS 1999, subgrp: hi, "Shelter Within My Reach": Medium-Rise Apartment Housing for the Middle-Income   Group in Karachi, Pakistan. (Reinhard Goethert) 

Malik, Hala Bashir , web page   Architect and Principal, Resttling the Indus, Pakistan  … SMArchS 2014, subgrp: hi, Enabling and Inhibiting Urban Development: a Case Study of Lahore Improvement Trust as a Late Colonial Institution (James Wescoat) 

Martin, Louis , web page   Professor, University of Quebec at Montreal  … SMArchS 1988, subgrp: ht, Architectural Theory after 1968: Analysis of the Works of Rem Koolhaas and Bernard Tschumi (Francesco Passanti) received a PhD from Princeton University 

Mathews, Jonathan  Director, Change Management Associates Ltd  … MArchAS 1978, subgrp: ht, The Implications of Theories of Knowledge and Meanings for Theories of Architecture (Stanford Anderson) received a MBA from the London Business School 

Mazarakis, Valeria  Architect and Independent scholar  … SMArchS 1989, subgrp: ht, Residences Secondaires: How Eisenman Houses Fictive Structures of History (Stanford Anderson) received a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

McMahon, Catherine F.  Design Strategist, CONTIUUM, Shanghai, China  … SMArchS 2009, subgrp: ht, Between Nature and Artifice: The Landscape Architecture Research Office (1966-1979) (Arindam Dutta) 

Mejel Al-Gaood, Jalal B. , web page   Chairman, IWAN Architecture and Design  … SMArchS 1990, subgrp: hi, "Falling Upon Deaf Ears:" The Case of Colloquial Architecture (David Friedman) 

Metallinou, Vivianna  Director, Thessaloniki Network of Movements; Director, CULTURE PROJECTS, Thessaloniki  … SMArchS 1984, subgrp: ht, Regionalism and Greek Architecture: The Architecture of Dimitris and Susanna Antonakakis (Stanford Anderson) 

Miller, Carl Ray , web page   Associate Professor, School of the Art Institute of Chicago  … SMArchS 1999, subgrp: ht, The Problem with Harmony: Architectural Constructs of Proportionality, Music and the Modulor in the 1950's (Mark Jarzombek) 

Minosh, Peter  Visiting Assistant Professor, Oberlin College  … SMArchS 2007, subgrp: ht, Moderate Utopias: The Reconstruction of Urban Spaces and Modernist Principles in Postwar France (Arindam Dutta) 

Moore, Nikki , web page   Postdoctoral Fellow, Wake Forest University  … SMArchS 2005, subgrp: hd, Between Work: Michel Foucault, Louis Althusser and Jacques Martin (William Porter)  received a PhD from Rice University 

Morshed, Adnan Z. , web page   Associate Professor, The Catholic University of America  … SMArchS 1995, subgrp: hi, Dialectics of Vision: The Voyages of Louis I. Kahn 1950-59 (Stanford Anderson)  received a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Mosier, Lisa , web page   PhD candidate, Tulane University  … SMArchS 2005, subgrp: hi, The Morisco House in Granada: Cultural Transition and Domestic Space (Nasser Rabbat) 

Moustafa, Amer A. , web page   Associate Professor, American University of Sharjah, UAE  … SMArchS 1988, subgrp: hi, Architectural Representation and Meaning: Towards a Theory of Interpretation (Ronald Lewcock)  received a PhD from the University of Southern California, Los Angeles 

Murphy, Caroline , web page   PhD Student, Massachusetts Institute of Technology  … SMArchS 2016, subgrp: ht, Indexing Origins in the "Monasticon Anglicanum" (1655) (Lauren Jacobi) 

Nabil, Yasser  Diretor, MAF Properties  … SMArchS 1994, subgrp: hi, Reconciliations and Continued Polarities in the Works and Theories of Halim and Bakri (William Porter) 

Nagaya, Toshiaki  … SMArchS 1988, subgrp: ht, Sei'ichi-Shirai and the Subjective Method of Synthesis (David Friedman) 

Nanda, Puja   … SMArchS 1999, subgrp: hi, The Culture of Building to Craft--a Regional Contemporary Aesthetic: Material Resources, Technological Innovations and the Form Making Process (Ann M. Pendleton-Jullian) 

Nardella, Bianca Maria , web page   PhD Candidate, The Bartlett, University College London  … SMArchS 2001, subgrp: hi, Cultural interfaces: (in)visible spaces in the Old City of Jerusalem (Hasan-Uddin Khan) 

Nasri, Muhammad  Director of the Faculty of Architecture & Design, Al-Manar University of Tripoli  … SMArchS 1989, subgrp: hi, Research Programs on Geometry and Ornament: A Case Study of Islamicist Scholarship (Stanford Anderson) 

Nicholaeff, Doreve , web page   Architect, Nicholeff Architecture + Design, Osterville, MA  … MArchAS 1979, subgrp: ht, The Planning and Development of Copley Square (David Friedman) 

Nissen, Anne  Administrator, Rockland 21st Century Collaborative for Children and Youth  … SMArchS 1988, subgrp: ht, From the Cheney House to Taliesin: Frank Lloyd Wright and Feminist Mamah Borthwick (David Friedman) 

Nitzan-Shiftan, Alona , web page " target="blank">web page  Associate Professor, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology  … SMArchS 1993, subgrp: ht, Erich Mendelsohn: From Berlin to Jerusalem (Royston Landau)  received a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Oza, Nilay  Principal, Oza Sabbeth Architects  … SMArchS 2000, subgrp: hi, Puja Pandals: Rethinking an Urban Bamboo Structure (John Fernandez) 

Palleroni, Sergio , web page   Professor, Portland State University  … SMArchS 2006, subgrp: ht, The Valle del Yaqui Housing Project: Building the Capacity of Yaqui Women to Help Themselves (Mark Jarzombek) 

Pedret, Annie , web page   Associate Professor, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea  … SMArchS 1993, subgrp: ht, Within the Text of Kahn (Stanford Anderson)  received a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Pieris, Anoma , web page   Associate Professor, University of Melbourne  … SMArchS 1993, subgrp: hi, Tall Buildings in Asia: A Critique on the High-Rise Building in Colombo, Shri Lanka (MA) TheTrouser under the Cloth: Ceylon/Sri Lanka, personal space in decolonization(SM) (Maurice K. Smith)  received a PhD from the University of California, Berkeley 

Prakash, Mamta , web page   Consultant, Finanical Management Associates, NYC  … SMArchS 1999, subgrp: hi, Old market, new ideas: revitalization of Aminabad, Lucknow (Julian Beinart) 

Pyla, Panayiota , web page   Associate Professor, University of Cyprus  … SMArchS 1994, subgrp: hi, Revisiting Scientific Epistemology in Architecture: 'Ekistics' and Modernism in the Middle East (Sibel Bozdogan)  received a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Quadri, Mahjabeen  … SMArchS 2003, subgrp: hi, Beyond the Traditional: a new paradigm for Pakistan Schools (Reinhard K. Goethert) 

Rabie, Omar  Lecturer, Auroville, Earth Institute, and Principal, Unitary Design Studio  … SMArchS 2008, subgrp: hi, Revealing the Potential of Compressed Earth Blocks: A Visual Narration (John de Monchaux and John Fernandez)  received a Master of Science from the Architectural Association School of Architecture 

Rahmlow, Rebecca S  Architect, Maryann Thompson Architects  … SMArchS 2008, subgrp: ht, "Indigenous" | "Vernacular" Negotiating an American History for Modernism Through the Lens of the Architectural Exhibition (Caroline Jones) 

Raia, Joseph   Principal, Raia Partnership  … SMArchS 1996, subgrp: hi, Essaouira, Morocco: Redevelopment through the Introduction of a University (Attilio Petruccioli) 

Ramachandran, Bijoy , web page   Partner, Hundredhands, Bangalore  … SMArchS 1998, subgrp: ht, In the Service of the Sacred: Development for Conservation (Attilio Petruccioli and Julian Beinart) 

Raman, Prassanna , web page   … SMArchS 2012, subgrp: hi, Exploring Urban Resilience: Violence and Urban Services in Karachi (James Wescoat) 

Ramirez Jasso, Diana , web page   Provost, Boston Architectural College  … SMArchS 2002, subgrp: ht, The Aesthetics of Concealment: Weegee in the Movie Theater (1943-1950) (Mark Jarzombek)  received a PhD from Harvard University 

Rashid, Mahbub  … SMArchS 1993, subgrp: hi, City Form and Changing Process: The Case of the North End, Boston, 1860-1930 (William Porter) 

Raynaud, Pierre  P Raynaud Architecte, Tounus, France  … MArchAS 1980, subgrp: ht, The Role of Design in City Form: Organic and Planned Towns (David Friedman) 

Rewal, Arun  … SMArchS and MCP (dual degree) 1992, subgrp: hi, Continuity and Settlement Structure--a Study of Tradiational and Colonial Spatial Patterns in Benares, India (Julian Beinart) 

Rudorf, Wolfgang , web page   Assistant Professor, Rhode Island School of Design  … SMArchS 1984, subgrp: ht, The Housing Division of the Public Works Administration in Its Architectural Context (Stanford Anderson) 

Rutkouskaya, Hanna , web page   with Douglas C. Wright Architects  … SMArchS 2013, subgrp: hi, Redefining Historical Bukhara: Professional Architectural Vision of the National Heritage in late Soviet Uzbekistan (1965 - 1991) (James Wescoat) 

Saad, Philippe   Senior Associate, DiMella Shaffer, Boston  … SMArchS 2005, subgrp: hi, Writings for Acquisition, Alexandria, Egyp (Nasser Rabbat) 

Sabouni, Farrah , web page   Director of Planning, AUTOARCH Architects  … SMArchS and MCP (dual degree) 2014, subgrp: hi, Introverted Architecture and the Human Dimension: The Conflict of Placemaking in the Disconnected Urban Fabric of Doha, Qatar (Brent Ryan and Nasser Rabbat) 

Sakr, Yasir , web page   Assistant Professor, American University of Madaba, Jordan  … SMArchS 1987, subgrp: hi, The Mosque between Modernity and Tradition: A Study of Recent Design of Mosques in the Muslim World (Stanford Anderson)  received a PhD from the University of Pennsylvania 

Sarnitz, August , web page   University Professor, Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna, Austria  … SM 1982, subgrp: ht, Rudolph M. Schindler: Theory and Design (Stanford Anderson) 

Sartawi, Mais  Architect, Nikken Sekkei Ltd in Dubai  … SMArchS 2010, subgrp: hi, The Lure of the West: Analyzing the Domination of Western Firms in the Gulf Region (Nasser Rabbat) 

Scensor, Sean E.  Deputy Managing Principal, Safdie Architects, Somerville, MA  … SMArchS 1995, subgrp: ht, Irving Gill and the Concrete House in California Early Modern Architecture: The Chauncey Dwight Clarke House (Ákos Moravánszky) 

Schmidt, Laura Lee , web page   PhD Student, Harvard University  … SMArchS 2010, subgrp: hi, Islamic Automata in the Absence of Wonder (Nasser Rabbat) 

Sengupta, Ranabir  Senior Associate, Urbahn Architects, New York, NY  … SMArchS 1986, subgrp: hi, Perception of Old Towns, Historicism, and Temporality (Sandra Howell) 

Sergie Attar, Lina , web page   CEO, Karam Foundation, Chicago, IL  … SMArchS 2003, subgrp: hi, Recollecting History: Songs, Flags, and A Syrian Square (Heghnar Watenpaugh) 

Shaikley, Layla Karim  Business Development Manager, Wise Systems  … SMArchS 2013, subgrp: hi, Iraq's Housing Crisis: Upgrading Settlements for IDPS (Internally Displaced Persons) (James Wescoat) 

Shetty, Rajmohan   Principal Architect, Rajmohan Shetty and Associates, Bangalore  … SMArchS 1984, subgrp: hi, The Impact of Kinship Systems in the Generation of House Types (Stanford Anderson) 

Silberberg, Ross Allen  … SMArchS 1990, subgrp: ht, The Architectural Design Studio as a Method of Inquiry: A Pedagogical Model of the Development of Architectural Knowledge (Francesco Passanti) 

Singh, Rupinder  … SMArchS 1997, subgrp: ht, Piranesi's Campo Marzio plan: the palimpsest of interpretive memory (Julian Beinart) 

Sobti, Manu , web page   Senior Lecturer, The University of Queensland, Australia  … SMArchS 1995, subgrp: hi, Timurid Central Asia and Mughal India: Some Correlations Regarding Urban Design Concepts and the Typology of the Muslim House (Attilio Petruccioli)  received a PhD from Georgia Institute of Technology 

Srirojanapinyo, Apichart , web page   Design Director, Stu/D/O Architects, Bangkok, Thailand  … SMArchS 2009, subgrp: hd, Open to the public!: a new network of communal recreation waterfront space in Bangkok (Stanford Anderson) 

Srivastava, Manish  … SMArchS and MSRED (dual degree) 1997, subgrp: hi, Architecture and Development as Instruments for Political Control and Marginalization in Lucknow, India (William Porter and Lawrence J. Vale) 

Sutton, Summer , web page   PhD Student, Yale University  … SMArchS 2012, subgrp: hi, Implications of "Neo-Orientalist" Conservation in Fez, Morocco: Need for an Innovative Non-Profit Alternative (James Wescoat) 

Takenaka, Akiko , web page   Assistant Professor, University of Kentucky  … SMArchS 1997, subgrp: ht, The Construction of War-Time National Identity: Japanese Pavilion at New York World's Fair 1939/40 (Mark Jarzombek)  received a PhD from Yale University 

Talwar, Pratap  … SMArchS and MCP (dual degree) 1993, subgrp: hi, Incremental Development Schemes: An Evaluation of Evolving Land Tenure Options in Khuda ki Basti, Hyderabad (Omar Razzaz) 

Taylor, Rives , web page   Regional Sustainability Leader, Principal, Genslar  … SMArchS 1988, subgrp: ht, The American College and its Architecture: An Institutional Imperative (David Friedman) 

Testa, Peter , web page   Faculty, Southern California Institute of Architecture; Design Principal, Testa & Weiser  … SMArchS 1984, subgrp: ht, The Architecture of Alvaro Siza (Stanford Anderson) 

Touloumi, Olga , web page   Assistant Professor, Bard College  … SMArchS 2006, subgrp: ht, The prison of Regina Coeli: a laboratory of identity in the Post-Risorgimento Italy (Mark Jarzombek)  received a PhD from Harvard University 

Tsuneishi, Norihiko  Visiting Assistant Professor, Pratt Institute, New York  … SMArchS 2010, subgrp: ht, The Work of Vitalism: Murano Togo (Stanford Anderson and Mark Jarzombek) 

Tuck, Michelle , web page   Tuck & Tuck Associates, Bolton, Mass.  … SMArchS 2000, subgrp: ht, The Moment of William Ralph Emerson's Art Club in Boston's Art Culture (Michael Leja) 

Turker, Deniz  PhD Candidate, Harvard University  … SMArchS 2007, subgrp: hi, The Oriental Flaneur: Khalil Bey and the Cosmopolitan Experience (Nasser Rabbat) 

Verbeeck, Kenny   Engineer Team Leader and Partner, Ney & Partners  … SMArchS 2006, subgrp: ht, Randomness as a Generative Principle in Art and Architecture (George N. Stiny) 

Villere, Mariel , web page   Manager for Programs, Art and Grants, Freshkills Park at NYC Department of Parks & Recreation  … SMArchS 2013, subgrp: ht, Life Behind Ruins: Constructing Documenta (Mark Jarzombek) 

Vincent Dagher, Lieza H.  Director, Plymouth Farmers Market, Plymouth, MA  … SMArchS and MCP (dual degree) 2004, subgrp: hi, When Home Becomes World Heritage: The Case of Aleppo, Syria (Heghnar Watenpaugh) 

Wang, Chuan  … SMArchS 1992, subgrp: hi, The Transformation and Continuity of the Traditional Dwelling in Suzhou, China (Ronald Lewcock) 

Weld, Linda  Adjunct Faculty, Wentworth Institute of Technology  … SMArchS 2008, subgrp: ht, Silent Partners and Missing Links: History, Architecture and the Challenge of the Ellis Island Immigration Museum (Mark Jarzombek) 

Williamson, Emily , web page   PhD Student, Boston University  … SMArchS 2014, subgrp: hi, Understanding the Zongo: Processes of Socio-Spatial Marginalization in Ghana (James Wescoat) 

Wong, Winnie Won Yin , web page   Assistant Professor, University of California, Berkeley  … SMArchS 2002, subgrp: ht, The Industry of Aesthetic Realism: Product Placement in the Hollywood Film (David Friedman)  received a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Wood, Alexander Hilton , web page   PhD Candidate, Columbia University  … SMArchS 2012, subgrp: ht, The Engineers and the Urban System, 1968-1974 (Caroline Jones) 

Woods, Michael , web page   Operations Director, New York, and Associate Principal, Perkins+Will,  … SMArchS 1984, subgrp: ht, Theory and Practise in Architecture, A Study in Frank Lloyd Wright (Edward Robbins) 

Young, T. Luke   Director of Buildins & Places, AECOM Spanish Speaking Latin America  … SMArchS and MCP (dual degree) 2000, subgrp: hi, Low-Income Communities in World Heritage Cities: Revitalizing Neighborhoods in Tunis and Quito (John de Monchaux) 

Yusaf, Shundana , web page   Assistant Professor, University of Utah  … SMArchS 2001, subgrp: hi, Monument without Qualities (Mark Jarzombek)  received a PhD from Princeton University 

Zhu-Nowell, Xioarui , web page   Research Associate and Curatorial Assistant, Guggenheim Museum, NYC  … SMArchS 2017, subgrp: ht, Capitalist Realism: Making Art for Sale in Shanghai, 1999 () 

Zographaki, Stepania G.   … SMArchS 1986, subgrp: hd, Neo-Vernacular Trends Towards the Recent Past in Greece (Edward Robbins) 

First Books from Doctoral Projects

Akbar, Jamel A. , Crisis in the Built Environment: the Case of the Muslim City. Singapore: Concept Media; New York, N.Y. 1988. (Arabic version is ʻImārat al-arḍ fī al-Islām, Jiddah: Dār al-Qiblah lil-Thaqāfah al-Islāmīyah; Bayrūt: Muʼassasat ʻUlūm al-Qurʼān, 1992.) 

Akšamija, Azra , Mosque Manifesto: Propositions for Spaces of Coexistence. Berlin: Revolver Publishing 2015. 

al-Hathloul, Saleh Ali , The Arab-Muslim City: Tradition, Continuity and Change in the Physical Environment. Riyadh: Dar Al Sahan, 1996. 

Allais, Lucia , Designs of Destruction: The Making of Monuments in the Twentieth Century. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2018. 

Anderson, Christy , Inigo Jones and the Classical Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 

Anderson, Glaire D. , The Islamic Villa in Early Medieval Iberia: Architecture and Court Culture in Umayyad Córdoba. Burlington, VT: Ashgate 2013. 

Ballon, Hilary , The Paris of Henry IV. New York/Cambridge: Architectural History Foundatioin/The MIT Press, 1991 

Bhatt, Ritu , Rethinking Aesthetics: the Role of Body in Design. New York, NY and Oxon, England, UK: Routledge 2013. 

Çelik Alexander, Zeynep , Kinaesthetic Knowing: Aesthetics, Epistemology, Modern Design.   Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017 

Fenske, Gail , The Skyscraper and the City: The Woolworth Building and the Making of Modern New York. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008. 

Grignon, Marc , Loing Du Soleil: Architectural Practice in Quebec City During the French Regime. New York: P. Lang, 1997. 

Grigor, Talinn , Building Iran: Modernism, Architecture, and National Heritage Under the Pahlavi Monarchs. New York: Periscope Publishing, distributed by Prestel, 2009. 

Haglund , Karl , Inventing the Charles River. Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press 2003. 

Hamadeh, Shirine , The City's Pleasures: Istanbul in the Eighteenth Century. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2008. 

Hays, K. Michael , Modernism and the posthumanist subject: the architecture of Hannes Meyer and Ludwig Hilberseimer. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1992. 

Isenstadt, Sandy , The Modern American House: Spaciousness and Middle Class Identity. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006 

Jarzombek, Mark , On Leon Battista Alberti: His Literary and Aesthetic Theories. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989. 

Karimi, Pamela , Domesticity and Consumer Culture in Iran: Interior Revolutions of the Modern Era. London, UK; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2013. 

Kauffman, Jordan , Drawing on Architecture: The Object of Lines, 1970-1990. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2018. 

Keyvanian., Carla L. , Hospitals and Urbanism in Rome, 1200-1500. Leiden; Boston: Brill 2015. 

Koss, Juliet , Modernism After Wagner. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010. 

Kraynak, Janet L. , Nauman Reiterated. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 2014. 

Kroiz, Lauren , Creative Composites: Modernism, Race, and the Stieglitz Circle. Berkeley: University of California Press; Washington, D.C : The Phillips Collection 2012. 

Lamprakos, Michele , Building a World Heritage City: Sanaa, Yemen. Burlington, VT: (Ashgate) Routledge 2015. 

Last, Nana , Wittgenstein's House: Language, Space, & Architecture. New York: Fordham University Press, 2008. 

Lenssen, Annek a, Beautiful Agitation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2020. 

León, Ana María , Modernity for the Masses: Antonio Bonet's Dreams for Buenos Aires. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX 

Lopez-Duran, Fabiola , Eugenics in the Garden: Transatlantic Architecture in the Crafting of Modernity. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2018. 

McLaren, Brian L. , Architecture and Tourism in Italian Colonial Libya: An Ambivalent Modernism. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2006. 

Moon, Iris Jee , The Architecture of Percier and Fontaine and the Struggle for Sovereignty in Revolutionary France. London; New York: Routledge, 2017.  

Morshed, Adnan Z. , Impossible Heights Skyscrapers, Flight, and the Master Builder. Minneapolis; London University of Minnesota Press 2015. 

Osman, Michael , Modernism's Visible Hand: Architecture and Regulation in America. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2018. 

Otero-Pailos, Jorge , Architecture's Historical Turn: Phenomenology and the Rise of the Postmodern. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2010. 

Pai, Hyungmin , The Portfolio and the Diagram: Architecture, Discourse, and Modernity in America. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002. 

Pedret, Annie , Team 10: An Archival History. London, UK; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2013. 

Pezolet, Nicola , Reconstruction and the Synthesis of the Arts in France, 1944-1962 Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2018 

Pollak, Martha , Turin 1564-1680: Urban Design, Military Culture, and the Creation of the Absolutist Capital. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991. 

Rabbat, Nasser , The Citadel of Cairo: A New Interpretation of Royal Mamluk Architecture. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1995. 

Rizvi, Kishwar , The Safavid Dynastic Shrine: Architecture, Religion and Power in Early Modern Iran. London, UK: I.B. Tauris, 2011. 

Schwarzer, Mitchell , German Architectural Theory and the Search for Modern Identity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 

Sheren, Ila , Portable Borders: Performance Art and Politics on the U.S. Frontera Since 1984. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2015. 

Siry, Joseph M. , Carson Pirie Scott: Louis Sullivan and the Chicago Department Store. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1988. 

Steiner, Hadas A. , Beyond Archigram: The Structure of Circulation. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009. 

Stieber, Nancy , Housing Design and Society in Amsterdam: Reconfiguring Urban Order and Identity, 1900-1920. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1998. 

Urban, Florian , Neo-Historical East Berlin: Architecture and Urban Design in the German Democratic Republic 1970-1990. Farnham, UK: Ashgate, 2009. 

Vicario, Niko , Hemispheric Integration   Materiality, Mobility, and the Making of Latin American Art Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2020. 

Vujosevic, Tijana , Modernism and the Making of the Soviet New Man Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2017. 

Wheeler, Katherine , Victorian Perceptions of Renaissance Architecture. Farnham Surrey, UK; Burlington, VT: (Ashgate) Routledge, 2014. 

Widrich, Mechtild , Performative Monuments: The Rematerialisation of Public Art Manchester, United Kingdom; New York: Manchester University Press, 2014 

Wong, Winnie Won Yin , Van Gogh on Demand: China and the Readymade. Chicago, IL; London, UK: University of Chicago Press, 2013. 

Established in 1979 through an endowment from His Highness the Aga Khan, the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture (AKPIA) at MIT is a unique international graduate program designed to promote, sustain, and increase the teaching of architecture of the Islamic world. It prepares students for careers in research, design, and teaching. With strong links with the Department of Urban Studies and Planning and the Aga Khan Programs at Harvard, AKPIA concentrates on the critical study of the history and historiography of Islamic architecture; the interaction between architecture, society, and culture; strategies of urban and architectural preservation; design interventions in disaster areas and environmental and water-conserving landscape research. The siting of AKPIA in MITís Department of Architecture is intended to negate the polarizing dichotomy between the discipline of architecture (derived from Western architectural history and praxis) and Islamic Architecture, which has developed independently and in dialogue with other world architectural traditions.

AKPIA offers students a concentration in Islamic architecture and urbanism as part of the two-year SMArchS degree and the PhD program in HTC. Undergraduates may concentrate in Middle Eastern Studies using subjects offered by AKPIA. The program also has links with the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC) and the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN).

Academic Programs

The Aga Khan Program provides financial and logistic assistance for graduate students who are working on Islamic subjects, but it is not a degree program. The courses of study funded at MIT by the Aga Khan Program are listed below. Program funds are available to graduate students in Islamic art, architecture, urban history, and the history of landscape architecture. At MIT, only students who have been admitted to, or are already enrolled in, the PhD program in History, Theory, and Criticism in the Department of Architecture or the SMArchS program, with a concentration in Architectural Studies of the Islamic World, are eligible for AKPIA funding. However, since funds are very limited, no student should expect full support.

Spring 2024 public program

Congratulations to HTC PhD Graduates from 2022-23

Evolution through example and action

Thirteen from MIT win 2023 Fulbright fellowships

New publications from Mark Jarzombek

Spring 2023 public program

Living the history of Cairo

Fall 2022 Final Review Schedule

HTC Forum Series

About HASTS

Studying science and technology in, of, and for the world..

The doctoral program in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology, and Society (HASTS) at MIT, founded in 1988, is a unique interdisciplinary academic community devoted to studying the social, cultural, and political life of science and technology. Located within MIT’s School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, HASTS faculty work with students to develop original scholarship on the historical foundations and contemporary implications of scientific and technological knowledge and practice.

As a culmination of their work, HASTS students complete dissertations that intervene in scholarly and public conversations about the role of science in society. After graduation, students go on to careers in academia, public service, and private industry.

HASTS is a collaborative program sponsored by three MIT academic units: History ( course 21H ), Anthropology ( course 21A ), and Science, Technology, and Society ( course STS ). Faculty members from these three units share responsibility for teaching graduate courses and for working with students in individual tutorials, reading courses, dissertation research, and more.

The Doctoral Program is governed by a Steering Committee , which consists of the Director of Graduate Studies and the faculty heads of the three participating units. A faculty member from STS, History, or Anthropology serves as the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS). Administration of the Doctoral Program is the responsibility of STS.

HASTS students explore questions at the heart of our human engagement with science and technology: 

How do factors such as economics, politics, and culture shape the questions scientists ask? How does this change over time and in different contexts? 

How do technologies—computers, energy and environmental infrastructures, genetically modified plants, and others—embed and activate social values and priorities? Who decides and who benefits?

How can such knowledge be leveraged to envision a more equal and inclusive future for everyone that promotes greater well-being?

Through scholarship, teaching, and public engagement with pressing matters of both local and global concern, History at MIT prepares students to live as active members of their communities in light of the past.

Visit History @ MIT

Anthropology

MIT Anthropology conducts ethnographic research informed by social theory to study issues of contemporary, cross-cultural concern, such as  migration and race,  medicine and health, class and inequality, language and technology, food systems and urban environments. 

Visit Anthropology @ MIT

The community of scholars at MIT’s Program on Science, Technology & Society bring methods from the humanities and social sciences to understanding science, technology, and medicine around the world.

Visit STS @ MIT

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This history of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics is condensed and adapted from the paper “A Century of Aerospace Education at MIT” by Lauren Clark and Eric Feron, with additional material by William T.G. Litant.

Aeronautical study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology began six years prior to the Wright brothers’ 1903 pioneering flight. In 1896, mechanical engineering student Albert J. Wells built a 30-square-inch wind tunnel as part of his thesis.

In 1909, the year that marked the founding of MIT’s Tech Aero Club, U.S. Naval Academy graduate Jerome C. Hunsaker enrolled in MIT’s graduate program in naval construction. Hunsaker developed a fascination with the aeronautical literature in MIT’s library and became an aviation enthusiast. He spent the summer and fall of 1913 surveying aeronautical laboratories in Europe. In 1914, MIT offered the nation’s first course in aeronautical engineering. To support the course, Hunsaker, and his assistant Donald Douglas (SB ’14), built a wind tunnel on Vassar St., the first structure on MIT’s new Cambridge campus. The first person to complete the course, earning the first American master of science degree in aeronautical engineering, was Hou-Kun Chow.

MIT’s undergraduate program in aeronautical engineering, Course 16, began in 1926, under the auspices of the Department of Mechanical Engineering.

The Daniel Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory, MIT Building 33, opened in 1928. The building was renovated in 2001 to include the landmark AeroAstro Learning Laboratory Department headquarters.

In 1933, Hunsaker became the Mechanical Engineering head. He updated the undergraduate aeronautical curriculum, emphasizing fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and electrical engineering, and making room for more electives. Otto C. Koppen’s graduate class in airplane design reflected contemporary thinking that saw the airplane as part of a larger technological system.

Hunsaker led MIT’s effort to acquire a state-of-the-art wind tunnel. Dedicated in 1938, the Wright Brothers Memorial Wind tunnel was the first of MIT’s large-scale facilities for advanced aerodynamic research, and became a national center for aeronautics research and testing during World War II. Today, AeroAstro maintains three wind tunnels: the large Wright Brothers tunnel, used for student instruction, vehicular, architectural, and sports equipment research; a smaller low-speed tunnel; and a tunnel capable of generating supersonic wind speeds.

In 1939, Aeronautics became a distinct department. Hunsaker remarked, “The total effect of our graduates on the airplane industry cannot be estimated. But it is of interest to note that MIT graduates include the chief engineers or engineering directors of Curtiss Wright, Glenn L. Martin, Pratt & Whitney, Vought, Hamilton Standard, Lockheed, Stearman, and Douglas, as well as the engineer officers of the Naval Aircraft Factory and of Wright Field.” The early try-and-fly days of aviation were over. The era of the engineered aircraft had fully emerged.

Charles Stark Draper joined the aeronautics staff as a research assistant in 1929. In the 1930s, he established a course of study in instrumentation and founded the Instrumentation Laboratory, which would become the world’s foremost academic center for inertial guidance research and development.

During World War II, the Aeronautics Department expanded rapidly to meet the needs of the military. As in World War I, MIT gave special training to Army and Navy officers. Approximately 600 officers received aviation engineering training with a specialization in structures or engines. The size and importance of the Instrumentation Lab increased dramatically. War-related research was also conducted in the Aeronautics Department’s other laboratories. The Wright Brothers Wind Tunnel operated 24 hours a day, testing aircraft designs for Martin, Grumman, Lockheed, and other manufacturers.

MIT emerged from the war as the nation’s largest nonindustrial defense contractor; almost all major research in MIT’s Department of Aeronautics was performed for the military. The Gas Turbine Lab advanced the new technology of the gas turbine engine and quickly grew into a top academic and research center. The Aeroelastic and Structures Laboratory led the design of aircraft structures for high-speed flight, virtually creating the modern specialty of aeroelasticity. The Naval Supersonic Laboratory achieved supersonic flow at Mach 2.0 and, through Project Meteor, helped develop a supersonic air-to-air missile.

Meanwhile, the Instrumentation Laboratory began its pioneering research on inertial guidance. In 1953, Draper, who had succeeded Hunsaker as department head, flew from Massachusetts to Los Angeles using his SPace Inertial Reference Equipment. This was the first long-distance inertially navigated aircraft flight. The Instrumentation Lab later designed the Polaris missile’s inertial guidance system.

From just after World War II until 1959, the aeronautical engineering program grew and branched into specializations. Draper and his colleagues on the faculty worked to compress the myriad areas of the field into a manageable, four-year course. In the process, they helped define the modern aerospace curriculum.

In 1914, MIT offered the nation’s first course in aeronautical engineering. To support the course, Hunsaker, and his assistant Donald Douglas (SB ’14), built a wind tunnel on Vassar St., the first structure on MIT’s new Cambridge campus.

In 1932, Isabel Ebel, one of only two women studying aero engineering among MIT’s student body of 30 women and 3,000 men, became the first woman to receive a degree in aeronautical engineering. She was unable to find a full-time job as an aero engineer until 1939 when friend Amelia Earhart convinces Grumman to hire her.

In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the world’s first satellite, and the space race was on. Two years later, the department became the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics. The cold war, the space race, and massive government investment in missile technology led the Department to expand instruction and research in astronautics, instrumentation, and guidance. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy gave a landmark speech committing the country to landing astronauts on the moon by the end of the decade. The speech was based on a plan prepared by NASA Deputy Administrator Robert C. Seamans Jr. Seamans, who earned his ScD in Instrumentation under Draper in 1951, continued with the department until his death in 2008.

The Department is particularly distinguished by its tremendous contributions to the Apollo program. The voyage to the moon and landing were made possible by guidance, navigation, and control systems developed by the Instrumentation Lab. Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin (PhD ’63) was the second man to set foot on the moon and one of four Course 16 graduates to walk on the moon. MIT has produced more astronauts than any other school.

In the early 1970s, the AeroAstro Department developed the Unified Engineering curriculum. The challenging two-semester curriculum, which students take as sophomores, includes statics, solid mechanics, and materials; dynamics; fluid mechanics; thermodynamics and propulsion; and linear systems. It examines connections among the disciplines and emphasizes aerospace engineering as a systems approach. It also emphasizes the idea that leaders in the field consider the interaction of technical solutions with economic, political, social, and environmental needs, and societal constraints.

Numerous aerospace accomplishments throughout the 1970s and ’80s involved MIT alumni. A. Thomas Young (ScD ’72) was director of NASA’s Viking I and II missions to Mars in 1976. The space shuttle program was led by James A. Abrahamson (SB ’55) from 1981 to 1984. Beginning in 1983, Man Vehicle Laboratory experiments began accompanying Shuttle missions. Following the Challenger accident in 1986, then Department Head Eugene E. Covert (today, a Department professor emeritus) served on the accident investigations commission.

In 1988, a team of 40 MIT students and alumni set a world record for human-powered flight. Their craft, Daedalus , flew 74 miles from Crete to Santorini in a recreation of the mythological flight of the craft’s namesake. In 1989, the Space Shuttle Atlantis launched the Magellan spacecraft to conduct a radar mapping of Venus. Building on MIT’s extensive role in developing radar, an Institute team headed by Gordon H. Pettengill designed the radar instrument that mapped more than 98 percent of Venus’s surface.

AeroAstro alumni have taken part in more than one-third of U.S. space flights and have collectively logged more than 10,000 hours in space. Five MIT faculty have served as chief scientist for the Air Force. More than 25 percent of professors in the nation’s leading aerospace programs are MIT alumni. The aerospace program heads at a number of other world-class U.S. institutions are AeroAstro alumni.

In the 21st century, AeroAstro faculty continue with ground-breaking research. For example, the Gas Turbine Lab is developing a “silent” jet aircraft that would produce no more noise than a tractor-trailer truck. The Space Systems Lab has created a unique multiple micro-satellite system scheduled to be tested aboard the International Space Station and is pioneering the development of a magnetic propulsion/positioning system. Another AeroAstro group, together with NASA, is developing the spacecraft and support systems for future manned space missions. And, faculty experts in communications and software are researching a myriad of projects: from increasing robustness of aerospace software to increasing autonomy of unmanned aerial vehicles.

The 21st Century marked the beginning of a new focus for AeroAstro. Industry and engineering education accrediting organizations had become concerned that engineering education was emphasizing engineering science at the expense of engineering practice. The Department embarked on an overhaul of its curriculum. After two years of exhaustive development, AeroAstro implemented an educational initiative, called CDIO (for Conceive-Design-Implement-Operate), that will have a fundamental, long-lasting institutional impact at MIT, and more broadly, in university engineering education. Students continue to receive a thorough education in engineering fundamentals, but these are now interwoven with considerable hands-on projects, and exposure to a wide-range of topics and skills vital to 21st century engineering such as teamwork, ethics, and communications. The CDIO protocol pioneered in AeroAstro, has been adopted by more than 100 universities throughout the world, which, along with MIT, formed the CDIO Initiative .

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PhD Program curriculum at MIT Sloan is organized under the following three academic areas: Behavior & Policy Sciences; Economics, Finance & Accounting; and Management Science. Our nine research groups correspond with one of the academic areas, as noted below.

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The goal of the MIT Sloan PhD Program's admissions process is to select a small number of people who are most likely to successfully complete our rigorous and demanding program and then thrive in academic research careers. The admission selection process is highly competitive; we aim for a class size of nineteen students, admitted from a pool of hundreds of applicants.

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“MIT Sloan PhD training is a transformative experience. The heart of the process is the student’s transition from being a consumer of knowledge to being a producer of knowledge. This involves learning to ask precise, tractable questions and addressing them with creativity and rigor. Hard work is required, but the reward is the incomparable exhilaration one feels from having solved a puzzle that had bedeviled the sharpest minds in the world!” -Ezra Zuckerman Sivan Alvin J. Siteman (1948) Professor of Entrepreneurship

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Ellen Swallow Richards: First Female Graduate

Ellen Henrietta Swallow graduated from MIT with a degree in chemistry in 1873.  She later became a faculty member, establishing the Women’s Laboratory and becoming a leader in home economics and sanitary engineering, and an advocate for healthful living conditions through the application of science.  She was also active in the women’s suffrage movement.  She would later marry Robert Richards, a member of the first graduating class of MIT and professor of mining engineering.

Robert Robinson Taylor: First African-American Graduate

Robert Robinson Taylor is recognized as the first African-American graduate of MIT.  Taylor attended MIT from 1888 to 1892, graduating with a degree in architecture.  Taylor went on to become professor at the Tuskegee Institute, where he spent the bulk of his career. He was instructor in architectural drawing and Tuskegee’s architect from 1892 to 1899 and served as architect and director of “mechanical industries” until his retirement in the mid-1930s.

Cardinal Red and Silver Gray: MIT Colors

MIT’s official colors are Cardinal Red and Silver Gray. The colors were selected in 1876 when a communication signed by a committee representing the classes then at MIT and affirmed by the Executive Committee of the Alumni Association was voted on and approved at a meeting of the Faculty (Records of the MIT Faculty, vol. 2, April 1876).

Boston: Original MIT Campus

MIT occupied rented space on Summer Street in downtown Boston until its first building was erected in Boston’s Back Bay in 1866. The original building was located on Boylston Street.  The Back Bay campus expanded rapidly and by the end of the century buildings were scattered throughout Copley Square and beginning to spread beyond. The Institute began to explore the possibility of other sites so that its campus could be consolidated.

1916: Move to Cambridge

Originally located in Boston’s Back Bay, the Institute moved to Cambridge during a three-day alumni reunion in June of 1916.  An extravagant celebration, which included a “ telephone banquet” connecting alumni from around the country and an elaborate pageant, punctuated the dedication of the new campus. “MCMXVI” is carved on the iconic dome of Building 10.  The School of Architecture remained in Boston in the old “Rogers Building” until 1938.

George Eastman: “Mr. Smith” Donor

MIT’s move to Cambridge and the construction of its new campus was made possible in great part by a substantial donation from an anonymous donor referred to as “Mr. Smith.”  It was not until an alumni dinner in January 1920, just five days before the death of President Maclaurin, that the identity of the donor was revealed to be George Eastman, founder of Eastman Kodak.

The Beaver: MIT’s Mascot

The beaver was chosen as MIT’s mascot in 1914.  At a dinner of the Technology Club of New York, MIT President Maclaurin was requested to adopt the beaver as MIT’s formal mascot, which he did.  As presented by Lester D. Gardner of the class of 1898, who quoted from William T. Hornaday’s book The American Natural History: A Foundation of Useful Knowledge of the Higher Animals of North America , “Of all the animals of the world, the beaver is noted for his engineering and mechanical skill and habits of industry.  His habits are nocturnal, he does his best work in the dark.” ( Technology Review , vol. 16, 1914).

Winston Churchill: Mid-Century Convocation Speaker

One of the best-known public events hosted by MIT was the “Mid-Century Convocation,” a symposium held in 1949 to reflect upon the post-war world and the role of science and technology.  Winston Churchill was invited to be a guest speaker.  President Truman, scheduled to speak the following night, declined at the last minute, some say because he did not wish to follow the renowned speaker.

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• 02 April 2024

How can we make PhD training fit for the modern world? Broaden its philosophical foundations

• Ganesh Alagarasan 0

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, India.

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You have highlighted how PhD training assessment has stagnated, despite evolving educational methodologies (see Nature 613 , 414 (2023) and Nature 627 , 244; 2024 ). In particular, you note the mismatch between the current PhD journey and the multifaceted demands of modern research and societal challenges.

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A Brief History of the Department

Early years.

Mathematics has played an important part at MIT since the founding of the Institute. In the early years of the Institute, the teaching of mathematics courses was overseen by John D. Runkle, president of MIT during the absence of William Barton Rogers. Runkle viewed mathematics as a "service subject" for engineers. Following Runkle, Harry W. Tyler headed the Mathematics Department until 1930 and fostered growth by hiring top mathematicians. Finally, in 1933, under Department Head Frederick Woods, Mathematics left Course IX, General Studies, and became its own entity as Course XVIII.

The Sputnik Years

The Mathematics Department grew into a top-ranked center for mathematical research under the leadership of Department Head William (Ted) Martin in the 1950s and 1960s. The book Recountings: Conversations with MIT Mathematicians (A K Peters, 2009) weaves together some of the storied history of the Mathematics Department through interviews with some of our faculty who were here during that period.

Notable Faculty

Clarence L. E. Moore first came to MIT in 1904 and mentored a generation of mathematicians, including Norbert Wiener. Wiener is known as the founder of cybernetics as well as for leading research in pure and applied mathematics, artificial intelligence, and computer science. Wiener's eccentricities are also a part of his legacy at MIT.

Norman Levinson, who received his PhD from MIT in 1935, was a student of Wiener's. Levinson initially was a student in electrical engineering but moved to mathematics and later served as head of the Department. His research included nonlinear differential equations and number theory.

Dirk Struik was a faculty member during this period of growth in the department. He joined the faculty in 1928 and described the 1930s as, "a lively time, and a time in which the mathematics department was greatly strengthened, due to new appointments, more than once from the ranks of excellent graduate students." His recollections can be found in A Century of Mathematics in America (AMS 1989).

Claude Shannon was another notable member of the Mathematics faculty. During World War II, Shannon developed information theory at Bell Telephone Laboratories. Upon returning to MIT in 1956, he was a professor in both the Mathematics and Electrical Engineering Departments. For his own amusement, Shannon built mechanical toys and games that can be found at the MIT Museum .

• Struik, Dirk J. " The MIT Mathematics Department During Its First Seventy-Five Years: Some Recollections ." A Century of Mathematics in America. Ed. Peter Duran. Providence: American Mathematical Society, 1989. 163-178.
• Wylie, Francis E. M.I.T. in Perspective: A Pictorial History of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1975.
• Mannix, Loretta H., and Julius A. Stratton. Mind and Hand: The Birth of MIT . Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2005.

MIT economics to launch new predoctoral fellowship program

The MIT Department of Economics is launching a new program this year that will pair faculty with predoctoral fellows.

“MIT economics right now is historically strong,” says Jon Gruber, the Ford Professor of Economics and department head of MIT economics. “To remain in that position involves having the resources to stay on the cutting edge of the research frontier, and that requires the use of predocs.”

The nature of economic research has changed enormously, adds Gruber, due to factors like the use of large datasets, innovations in experiment design, and comprehensive data analysis, all of which require the support of predocs. This new research model empowers economists to address national and global challenges in profound and much more effective ways.

The new predoc program is made possible by an ongoing major fundraising initiative in the department. 

Gruber gave credit to Glenn Ellison, the Gregory K. Palm (1970) Professor of Economics and former department chair, for working closely with Roger Altman, MIT Corporation member and the former head and current member of the visiting committee, to craft a vision for the future of the department that will ultimately include up to 24 predocs that would work for economics faculty at MIT. 

“It’s a great vision. They put a lot of work into it,” Gruber says.

With significant support from the Altman Family Fund, Gruber explains, the predoc program will be able to ramp up, providing predocs to the department’s junior faculty. He expects six predocs to start in the department this fall.

“We’ll have a wide range of junior faculty who will be using these predocs for a bunch of really interesting and important questions that are very data- and research-intensive,” Gruber says.

Tobias Salz, the Castle Krob Career Development Associate Professor of Economics, is one of the faculty members already benefiting from a pilot of the new program. He’s working on a large project on the search engine market.

“I am working with a predoctoral research fellow who has been instrumental in many parts of the project, including the design of an experiment and data analysis,” says Salz. “Initially, I was only able to hire him for one year, but with the new funding I am able to extend his contract. The predoctoral program has therefore helped ensure continuity on this project, which has made a big difference.”

Nina Roussille, assistant professor of economics, says her work will greatly benefit from collaborating with a predoc. Several of her projects either require the analysis of large, administrative datasets or the implementation of large-scale experiments.

“This kind of work will be greatly enhanced and streamlined with the help of a predoc to construct, clean, and analyze the data, as well as to set up the experiments and study their effects. This will free up some of my time to participate in more projects and allow me to focus my efforts on high-yield tasks, such as data analysis and paper writing,” says Roussille.

Roussille adds that she’s excited about the opportunity to mentor a young economist on the path to a PhD.

“They’ll greatly benefit from the vibrant research environment of the MIT economics department,” she said.

Gruber sees the program as mutually beneficial for both the predocs and the faculty.

“The advantage for the predoc is they get research experience and they get to know a faculty member,” adds Gruber. “The advantage for the faculty is they get to work with someone who wants to excel and make an impression with the person they research for.”

Beyond establishing the predoc program, this current fundraising initiative prioritizes building resources for faculty research in the Department of Economics. In addition to the gift from the Altman Family Fund to establish the predoctoral fellowship program, this fundraising initiative has secured several other significant contributions, including:  

• the creation of the Daniel (1972) and Gail Rubinfeld Professorship Fund, through the support of Dan Rubinfeld, PhD ’72;
• the Thapanee Sirivadhanabhakdi Techajareonvikul (1999) Professorship Fund, established by economics undergraduate alumna and her husband, Aswin Techajareonvkul MBA ’02;
• another endowed professorship in the department, through the support of an anonymous donor;
• the creation of the Locher Economics Fund, which will provide discretionary resources to support faculty research for the department, through the support of Kurt ’88, SM ’89, and Anne Stark Locher; and
• a gift to create the Dr. James A. Berkovec (1977) Memorial Faculty Research Fund in Economics, established by Ben Golub, ’78, SM ’82, PhD ’84.

To date, almost $30 million has been secured for these purposes, and efforts are ongoing.