open access research journal of life sciences

Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences

Issn 2783-025x (online).

Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences (OARJLS) is a Peer Reviewed, Open Access, International Journal. It is a Referred, Indexed, Online International Journa l. Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences (OARJLS)​   is published as a Quarterly Journal with 4 issues per year. Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences (OARJLS)   offers fast publication of quality Research and Review articles. Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences (OARJLS)   publishes manuscripts (Original research, review articles, Short communication and letter to editor) on original work, either experimental or theoretical) from all aspects of Life Sciences (Biology, Genetics, Biological Anthropology, Botany, Medical Sciences, Veterinary Sciences, Biochemical Genetics, Biometry, Clinical Genetics, Cytogenetics, Genetic Epidemiology, Genetic Testing, Evolution and Population Genetics, Immunogenetics and Molecular Genetics). The journal also covers ethical issues. To know more details about Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences (OARJLS)  Click here...                               

Aims and Scope

Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences (OARJLS)  aims to establish itself as a platform for exchanging ideas in new emerging trends in Biology and Allied Applied Sciences etc. It aims to serve as a forum for life scientists and health professionals. The journal publishes original papers on current research and practical programmes, short notes, news items, book reviews, reports of meetings and professional announcements. Constructive criticisms and discussions of published papers and letters of relevance and interest to the readership will be published at the discretion of the Managing Editor. The journal is committed to prompt review, and priority publication is given to manuscripts with novel or timely findings, and to manuscripts of unusual interests.  Since inception, Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences (OARJLS)  is continuously publishing original and best quality research articles. To view full Aims and Scope of Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences (OARJLS)   Click here...

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Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences (OARJLS)  invites you to submit your research work via our Online Submission System or through Email at [email protected] . Make sure that the submitted manuscript should not have been submitted or published previously anywhere else for publication. It is strictly advised to submit original and plagiarism free articles only for possible consideration, else they will be rejected without any response. All received manuscripts will go through Double Blind Peer Review and final decision shall be based on the high level of quality, originality and additional contribution to the existing knowledge.  Special note : Once your article is submitted to Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences (OARJLS) , you cannot submit / present this paper anywhere else, unless your article is rejected by Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences (OARJLS) . Accepted submission will not be withdrawn or be presentable in any other journal / conference / magazine or any media without written permission of Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences (OARJLS) . 

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Open access policy: Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences (OARJLS) is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition of open access. To know more about Open access  Click here

Peer-review policy: The manuscript submitted to Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences (OARJLS) will be reviewed by two suitable experts in respective subject area. The reports of both the reviewers will be considered when deciding on acceptance/revision or rejection of a manuscript. Editor-In-Chief will make the final decision, based on reviewer’s comments. To know more about Peer-review process Click here

Anti-Plagiarism policy: Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences (OARJLS) has very strict policy against plagiarism. The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted. To know more about Plagiarism Click here

Copyright policy: All the articles published in  Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences (OARJLS)  are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license . The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright of their work (all usages allowed except for commercial purpose).

Author self-archiving policy: Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences (OARJLS) allows the authors to self-archive pre-print, post-print and publisher’s version of the article in any Open Access Initiative (OAI) compliant repository.

Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences Latest Publications

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Familia Phoridae (Diptera) as a parasitoid of termites, ants, bees, tick and triatomines

The Objective of this work is to investigate the biology, ecology, habitat, geographic distribution, Taxonomy, life cycle, phenology, control, parasitoidism and reproduction work carried out on the Phoridae Family (Insecta: Diptera). The research was carried out in studies related to quantitative aspects taxonomic and conceptual aspects. A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 1983 to 2021. The mini review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from September to October 2021, through the Online Scientific, internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Biological Abstract, Publons, Qeios, Dialnet, World, Wide Science, Springer, RefSeek, Microsoft Academic, Science, ERIC, Science Research.com, SEEK education, Periodicals CAPES, Google Academic, Bioline International, VADLO, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Medline, LIS and Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences.

Mycochemical composition and antioxidant potential of Macrolepiota africana (Heim) Heinem. (Agaricaceae), an edible mushroom from Gabon

Macrolepiota africana is a fungus used as food in Gabon for its culinary properties. However, its nutritional value, mycochemical contents, antioxidant properties and health potential still unknown. The present study investigated the phytochemicals and antioxidant properties of this mushroom species. This chemical screening was followed by a study of the antioxidant activity and a prediction of additional pharmacological activities of M. africana. Using standard methodology, the mycochemical analyses were carried out on aqueous, hydro-ethanolic and ethanolic fungi extracts. The antioxidant activity of the mushroom extracts was determined using DPPH radical scavenging assay. Apart from Digitoxigenine, flavonol and gitoxigenine that were not found in any of the extracts, all other tested mycochemical were found in atleast one of the extracts. Alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, oses and holosides, proanthocyanidins and coumarins were found in all extracts at different intensity. Saponosids, sterols and triterpenes, tannins gallics, reducing sugar, anthracenosides and digitoxine were found in two extracts while tannins catechics, flavone and gitoxine were detected only in one extract. The dosage of phenolic compounds confirmed the richness of this fungus in total polyphenols, its moderate richness in proanthocyanidins, the lack of flavonoids in the aqueous extract and the moderate richness of the hydro-ethanolic and ethanolic extracts in flavonoids. Regarding the antioxidant activities, the results obtained for the DPPH trapping test showed that the different extracts had low to moderate antioxidant activity with antioxidant activity index (IAA) ranged 0.29 to 0.97 respectively in aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The presence of these mycochemical compounds along with the identified antioxidant activities shows that this M. africana have some pharmacological potential.

Study of the ecology of the Tephritidae family (Insecta: Diptera)

Fruit flies belong to the Tephritidae Family which is one of the largest within the Order Diptera. This family is among the pests with the greatest economic expression in the world's fruit industry, as they attack the reproductive organs of plants, fruits with pulp and flowers. These insects are an important group of pests in the fruit industry worldwide, as they have a life cycle in which their larval period develops especially inside the fruits, feeding, in general, on their pulp. The objective of this study is to report the Ecology and Biology of Tephitidae. The research was carried out in studies related to quantitative aspects of the Family, Subfamily and Species (taxonomic groups) and conceptual aspects such as: biology, geographical distribution, methodologies, and traps for collecting and their parasitoids and strategies for Drosophlidae with control, species, life cycle, damage, economic importance, medicinal importance, biological aspects, monitoring and control and reproduction. A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 1993 to 2021. The mini-review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from September to October 2021, through the. The mini-review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from September to October 2021, through the Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, Pubmed, Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Biological Abstract, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, and Pubmed, Dialnet, World, Wide Science, Springer, RefSeek, Microsoft Academic, Science, ERIC, Science Research.com, SEEK education, Periódicos CAPES, Google Academic, Bioline International and VADLO.

Biological aspects of the Stratiomyiidae Family

Distinctions found between the studied environments were used as clues to which resources are more abundant in each type of environment. However, soldier flies have many morphological differences and diverse habits. The objective of this mini review is to determine the bioecology of the Stratiomyiidae Family. The research was carried out in studies related to quantitative aspects of the Family, Subfamily and Species (taxonomic groups) and conceptual aspects such as: biology, geographical distribution, species, life cycle, damage, laboratory creation, economic importance, medicinal importance, biological aspects, and reproduction. A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 1975 to 2021. The mini-review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from September to October 2021, through the Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, Pubmed, Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Biological Abstract, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, and Pubmed, Dialnet, World, Wide Science, Springer, RefSeek, Microsoft Academic, Science, ERIC, Science Research.com, SEEK education, Periódicos CAPES, Google Academic, Bioline International and VADLO.

Biology of Sarcophagidae (Diptera): Mini review

The aim of this study is to report the Biology of Sarcophagidae. The mini review consists of bibliographical research on the muscoid dipterans (Muscomorpha) (Order: Diptera). The research was carried out in studies related to quantitative aspects of the Family and Species (taxonomic groups) and in conceptual aspects such as: geographic distribution, biology, traps, life cycle, vector of bacteria and importance in Forensic Entomology. A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 1971 to 2021. The mini review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from August to September 2021, through the Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Publons, Qeios and Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, https://goo.gl/gLTTTs and https://www.growkudos.com/register.

Tachinobia sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as parasitoid of Peckia Sarcodexia) lambens (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Insect parasitoids have an immature life stage that develops on or within a single insect host, ultimately killing the host, hence the value of parasitoids as natural enemies. This work reports the first occurrence of parasitoid Tachinobia sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as parasitoid Peckia (Sarcodexia) lambens (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). The pupae were obtained by the flotation method. They were individually placed in gelatin capsules until the emergence of flies or their parasitoids. In November 2013, six pupae were obtained from P. (S) lambens, of which two pupae twelve specimens emerged Tachinobia sp. The percentage of parasitism was 33.3%. Most insect parasitoids only attack a particular life stage of one or several related species. The immature parasitoid develops on or within a pest, feeding on body fluids and organs, eventually leaving the host to pupate or emerging as an adult.

Development and validation of a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the estimation of Fluvastatin sodium in bulk and tablet dosage form

A simple and gradient RP- HPLC method has been validated and developed for Fluvastatin Sodium in bulk and tablet dosage form. The proposed method was validated to obtain official requirements including stability, accuracy, precision, linearity and selectivity. The method was developed on Hypersil ODS C18 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5micron) using the mobile phase consists of methanol: 20mM Phosphate buffer (pH 3.2 adjusted with Phosphoric acid): acetonitrile (55: 30: 15 v/v) was delivered at a flow rate of. The flow rate was set as 1.1 ml/minute and the maximum absorption were observed at 234 nm. The Fluvastatin Sodium drug showed a precise and good linearity at the concentration ranges of 3-15 µg/ml. The RP-HPLC, assay showed the highest purity ranging 99.88 % to 100.09 % for Fluvastatin Sodium tablet formulation and 100.02 % was the mean percentage purity. The Fluvastatin Sodium retention time was found to be 5.5 minutes. The method accuracy was showed by statistical analysis. The developed RP-HPLC method can be adopted for the routine analysis of Fluvastatin Sodium in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms in quality control laboratories. The developed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines.

Brontaea debilis (Thomson, 1896) (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha: Muscidae) as host for Spalangia drosophilae Ashmead, 1885 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae: Spalanginae) in Brazil

The flies included in the infra-order Cyclorrhapha (Muscomorpha) have medical and veterinary importance, since they may produce myiasis and act in carrying pathogens to man and animals. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Goiás farm in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Every fortnight, ten dishes black plastic containers containing bovine feces were exposed for fifteen days in the pastures. After this period, the feces were sent to the laboratory for pupae extraction. The experiments were carried out from April 2006 to December 2007. Ninety-two pupae of Brontaea debilis (Thomson, 1896) (Diptera: Muscidae), from bovine feces, from which 31 specimens of Spalangia drosophilae Ashmead, 1887 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) were emerged. The percentage of parasitism was 33.7%. Spalangia drosophilae is cited in the literature as parasitoid of the pupae of Diptera including Chloropidae, Drosophilidae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae and Sepsidae.

Bibliographic abstract on parasitoids of the Order Strepsipterans (Insecta: Strepsiptera): A review

The objective of this study was to conduct a bibliographic summary of the parasitoids of the order strepsipterans. The mini review consists of a literature search on strepsipterans (Order: Strepsiptera). The research was conducted in studies related to the quantitative aspects of the Family, Genus and Species (taxonomic groups) and in conceptual aspects such as: neoteny, cryptic species, endoparasitic larva and parasitism. A literature search was conducted containing articles published from 1978 to 2021. The mini review was conducted in Goiânia, Goiás, from August to September 2021, through the Online Scientific Library (Scielo) and internet.

First occurrences of the host/parasitoid relationship in Brazil and Peru: Bibliographic summary

It is common for parasitoidism to modify the behavior of the host species, facilitating the development and propagation of the parasitoid and establishing a highly specific relationship. In this case, herbivores such as cattle, sheep, deer, and rabbits are the definitive host of the parasitoid. The objective of this review is to describe the first occurrence of the host/parasitoid relationship in Brazil and Peru. The mini review consists of a bibliographic summary of parasitoids of the Order Hymenoptera parasitoids collected in Brazil and Peru. The research was carried out in studies related to the theme with emphasis on the quantitative aspects of the Superfamily, Family, Subfamilies, Genera, and Species (taxonomic groups). A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 2000 to 2021. The mini review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from July to September 2021, using the Electronic Scientific Library Online (Scielo) and internet. Since the relationship between parasitoids and their hosts is very specific, it is common for agricultural pests to be naturally controlled through parasitoidism. Wasps of the Ichneumonoidea and Braconidae family respectively parasitize caterpillars of butterflies and moths, and even aphids.

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Research Journal of Life Science is an open access publishes papers three times a year on April, August and December. The main objective of  Research Journal of Life Science  is to provide a platform for the international scholars, academicians and researchers to share the contemporary thoughts and innovation in the fields of life science. Research Journal of Life Science  aims to promote studies in life science and thus become the leading international journal in life science in the world.

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A Comprehensive Review on COVID-19 Evolution and Development

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Estimation of Microbes on Phyllopalne Region of Healthy and Infected Leaf of Ipomoea cairica by Leaf Impression Method

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2024, Vol: 6, Issue: 1

• STUDIES ON PREVALENCE OF SHIGELLA AND SALMONELLA SPECIES ON THE FOMITES OF SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, SOKOTO, NIGERIA Keta J.N., Bello I.M., Mubarak A., Keta N.M. JIRLS. 2024; 6(1): 1-11 » Abstract » PDF

The Bioethics-CSR Divide A Proposal for Bridging the Chasm

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Bioethics and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) were born out of similar concerns, such as the reaction to scandal and the restraint of irresponsible actions by individuals and organizations. However, these fields of knowledge are seldom explored together. This article attempts to explain the motives behind the gap between bioethics and CSR, while arguing that their shared agenda – combined with their contrasting principles and goals – suggests there is potential for fruitful dialogue that enables the actualization of bioethical agendas and provides a direction for CSR in health-related organizations.

INTRODUCTION

Bioethics and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) seem to be cut from the same cloth: the concern for human rights and the response to scandal. Both are tools for the governance of organizations, shaping how power flows and decisions are made. They have taken the shape of specialized committees, means of stakeholder inclusion at deliberative forums, compliance programs, and internal processes. It should be surprising, then, that these two fields of study and practice have developed separately, only recently re-approaching one another.

There have been displays of this reconnection both in academic and corporate spaces, with bioethics surfacing as part of the discourse of CSR and compliance initiatives. However, this is still a relatively timid effort. Even though the bioethics-CSR divide presents mostly reasonable explanations for this difficult relationship between the disciplines, current proposals suggest there is much to be gained from a stronger relationship between them.

This article explores the common history of bioethics and corporate social responsibility and identifies their common features and differences. It then explores the dispute of jurisdictions due to professional and academic “pedigree” and incompatibilities in the ideological and teleological spheres as possible causes for the divide. The discussion turns to paths for improving the reflexivity of both disciplines and, therefore, their openness to mutual contributions.

I.     Cut Out of the Same Cloth

The earliest record of the word “bioethics” dates back to 1927 as a term that designates one’s ethical responsibility toward not only human beings but other lifeforms as well, such as animals and plants. [1] Based on Kantian ethics, the term was coined as a response to the great prestige science held at its time. It remained largely forgotten until the 1970s, when it resurfaced in the United States [2] as the body of knowledge that can be employed to ensure the responsible pursuit and application of science. The resurgence was prompted by a response to widespread irresponsible attitudes toward science and grounded in a pluralistic perspective of morality. [3] In the second half of the twentieth century, states and the international community assumed the duty to protect human rights, and bioethics became a venue for discussing rights. [4] There is both a semantic gap and a contextual gap between these two iterations, with some of them already being established.

Corporate social responsibility is often attributed to the Berle-Dodd debate. The discussion was characterized by diverging views on the extent of the responsibility of managers. [5] It was later settled as positioning the company, especially the large firm, as an entity whose existence is fomented by the law due to its service to the community. The concept has evolved with time, departing from a largely philanthropic meaning to being ingrained in nearly every aspect of a company’s operations. This includes investments, entrepreneurship models, and its relationship to stakeholders, leading to an increasing operationalization and globalization of the concept. [6]

At first sight, these two movements seem to stem from different contexts. Despite the difference, it is also possible to tell a joint history of bioethics and CSR, with their point of contact being a generalized concern with technological and social changes that surfaced in the sixties. The publishing of Silent Spring in 1962 by Rachel Carson exemplifies this growing concern over the sustainability of the ruling economic growth model of its time by commenting on the effects of large-scale agriculture and the use of pesticides in the population of bees, one of the most relevant pollinators of crops consumed by humans. The book influenced both the author responsible for the coining bioethics in the 1971 [7] and early CSR literature. [8] By initiating a debate over the sustainability of economic models, the environmentalist discourse became a precursor to vigorous social movements for civil rights. Bioethics was part of the trend as it would be carried forward by movements such as feminism and the patients’ rights movement. [9]

Bioethics would gradually move from a public discourse centered around the responsible use of science and technology to academic and government spaces. [10]   This evolution led to an increasing emphasis on intellectual rigor and governance. The transformation would unravel the effort to take effective action against scandal and turn bioethical discourse into governance practices, [11] such as bioethics and research ethics committees. The publication of the Belmont Report [12] in the aftermath of the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, as well as the creation of committees such as the “God Committee,” [13] which aimed to develop and enforce criteria for allocating scarce dialysis machines, exemplify this shift. On the side of CSR, this period represents, at first, a stronger pact between businesses and society due to more stringent environmental and consumer regulations. But afterward, a joint trend emerged: on one side, the deregulation within the context of neoliberalism, and on the other, the operationalization of corporate social responsibility as a response to societal concerns. [14]

The 1990s saw both opportunities and crises that derived from globalization. In the political arena, the end of the Cold War led to an impasse in the discourse concerning human rights, [15] which previously had been split between the defense of civil and political rights on one side and social rights on the other. But at the same time, agendas that were previously restricted territorially became institutionalized on a global scale. [16] Events such as the European Environment Agency (1990), ECO92 in Rio de Janeiro (1992), and the UN Global Compact (2000) are some examples of the globalization of CSR. This process of institutionalization would also mirror a crisis in CSR, given that its voluntarist core would be deemed lackluster due to the lack of corporate accountability. The business and human rights movement sought to produce new binding instruments – usually state-based – that could ensure that businesses would comply with their duties to respect human rights. [17] This rule-creation process has been called legalization: a shift from business standards to norms of varying degrees of obligation, precision, and delegation. [18]

Bioethics has also experienced its own renewed identity in the developed world, perhaps because of its reconnection to public and global health. Global health has been the object of study for centuries under other labels (e.g., the use of tropical medicine to assist colonial expeditions) but it resurfaced in the political agenda recently after the pandemics of AIDS and respiratory diseases. [19] Bioethics has been accused from the inside of ignoring matters beyond the patient-provider relationship, [20] including those related to public health and/or governance. Meanwhile, scholars claimed the need to expand the discourse to global health. [21] In some countries, bioethics developed a tight relationship with public health, such as Brazil, [22] due to its connections to the sanitary reform movement. The United Kingdom has also followed a different path, prioritizing governance practices and the use of pre-established institutions in a more community-oriented approach. [23] The Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Rights followed this shift toward a social dimension of bioethics despite being subject to criticism due to its human rights-based approach in a field characterized by ethical pluralism. [24]

This scenario suggests bioethics and CSR have developed out of similar concerns: the protection of human rights and concerns over responsible development – be it economic, scientific, or technological. However, the interaction between these two fields (as well as business and human rights) is fairly recent both in academic and business settings. There might be a divide between these fields and their practitioners.

II.     A Tale of Jurisdictions

It can be argued that CSR and business and human rights did not face jurisdictional disputes. These fields owe much of their longevity to their roots in institutional economics, whose debates, such as the Berle-Dodd debate, were based on interdisciplinary dialogue and the abandonment of sectorial divisions and public-private dichotomies. [25] There was opposition to this approach to the role of companies in society that could have implications for CSR’s interdisciplinarity, such as the understanding that corporate activities should be restricted to profit maximization. [26] Yet, those were often oppositions to CSR or business and human rights themselves.

The birth of bioethics in the USA can be traced back to jurisdictional disputes over the realm of medicine and life sciences. [27] The dispute unfolded between representatives of science and those of “society’s conscience,” whether through bioethics as a form of applied ethics or other areas of knowledge such as theology. [28] Amid the civil rights movements, outsiders would gain access to the social sphere of medicine, simultaneously bringing it to the public debate and emphasizing the decision-making process as the center of the medical practice. [29] This led to the emergence of the bioethicist as a professional whose background in philosophy, theology, or social sciences deemed the bioethicist qualified to speak on behalf of the social consciousness. In other locations this interaction would play out differently: whether as an investigation of philosophically implied issues, a communal effort with professional institutions to enhance decision-making capability, or a concern with access to healthcare. [30] In these situations, the emergence and regulation of bioethics would be way less rooted in disputes over jurisdictions.

This contentious birth of bioethics would have several implications, most related to where the bioethicist belongs. After the civil rights movements subsided, bioethics moved from the public sphere into an ivory tower: intellectual, secular, and isolated. The scope of the bioethicist would be increasingly limited to the spaces of academia and hospitals, where it would be narrowed to the clinical environment. [31] This would become the comfort zone of professionals, much to the detriment of social concerns. This scenario was convenient to social groups that sought to affirm their protagonism in the public arena, with conservative and progressive movements alike questioning the legitimacy of bioethics in the political discourse. [32]

Even within the walls of hospitals and clinics, bioethics would not be excused from criticism. Afterall, the work of bioethicists is often unregulated and lacks the same kind of accountability that doctors and lawyers have. Then, is there a role to be played by the bioethicist?

This trend of isolation leads to a plausible explanation for why bioethics did not develop an extensive collaboration with corporate social responsibility nor with business and human rights. Despite stemming from similar agendas, bioethics’ orientation towards the private sphere resulted in a limited perspective on the broader implications of its decisions.

This existential crisis of the discipline led to a re-evaluation of its nature and purpose. Its relevance has been reaffirmed due to the epistemic advantage of philosophy when engaging normative issues. Proper training enables the bioethicist to avoid falling into traps of subjectivism or moralism, which are unable to address the complexity of decision-making. It also prevents the naïve seduction of “scientifying” ethics. [33] This is the starting point of a multitude of roles that can be attributed to the bioethicists.

There are three main responsibilities that fall under bioethics: (i) activism in biopolicy, through the engagement in the creation of laws, jurisprudence, and public policies; (ii) the exercise of bioethics expertise, be it through the specialized knowledge in philosophical thought, its ability to juggle multiple languages related to various disciplines related to bioethics, or its capacity to combat and avoid misinformation and epistemic distortion; (iii) and, intellectual exchange, by exercising awareness that it is necessary to work with specialists from different backgrounds to achieve its goals. [34]

All of those suggest the need for bioethics to improve its dialogue with CSR and business and human rights. Both CSR and business and human rights have been the arena of political disputes over the role of regulations and corporations themselves, and the absence of strong stances by bioethicists risks deepening their exclusion from the public arena. Furthermore, CSR and business and human rights are at the forefront of contemporary issues, such as the limits to sustainable development and appropriate governance structures, which may lead to the acceptance of values and accomplishment of goals cherished by bioethics. However, a gap in identifying the role and nature of bioethics and CSR may also be an obstacle for bridging the chasm between bioethics and CSR.

III.     From Substance to Form: Philosophical Groundings of CSR and Bioethics

As mentioned earlier, CSR is, to some extent, a byproduct of institutionalism. Institutional economics has a philosophical footprint in the pragmatic tradition [35] , which has implications for the purpose of the movement and the typical course of the debate. The effectiveness of regulatory measures is often at the center of CSR and business and human rights debates: whatever the regulatory proposal may be, compliance, feasibility, and effectiveness are the kernel of the discussion. The axiological foundation is often the protection of human rights. But discussions over the prioritization of some human rights over others or the specific characteristics of the community to be protected are often neglected. [36] It is worth reinforcing that adopting human rights as an ethical standard presents problems to bioethics, given its grounding in the recognition of ethical pluralism.

Pragmatism adopts an anti-essentialist view, arguing that concepts derive from their practical consequences instead of aprioristic elements. [37] Therefore, truth is transitory and context dependent. Pragmatism embraces a form of moral relativism and may find itself in an impasse in the context of political economy and policymaking due to its tendency to be stuck between the preservation of the status quo and the defense of a technocratic perspective, which sees technical and scientific progress as the solution to many of society’s issues. [38]

These characteristics mean that bioethics has a complicated relationship with pragmatism. Indeed, there are connections between pragmatism and the bioethics discourse. Both can be traced back to American naturalism. [39] The early effort in bioethics to make it ecumenical, thus building on a common but transitory morality, [40] sounds pragmatic. Therefore, scholars suggest that bioethics should rely on pragmatism's perks and characteristics to develop solutions to new ethical challenges that emerge from scientific and technological progress.

Nonetheless, ethical relativism is a problem for bioethics when it bleeds from a metaethical level into the subject matters themselves. After all, the whole point of bioethics is either descriptive, where it seeks to understand social values and conditions that pertain to its scope, or normative, where it investigates what should be done in matters related to medicine, life sciences, and social and technological change. It is a “knowledge of how to use knowledge.”

Therefore, bioethics is a product of disillusionment regarding science and technology's capacity to produce exclusively good consequences. It was built around an opposition to ethical relativism—even though the field is aware of the particularity of its answers. This is true not only for the scholarly arena, where the objective is to produce ethically sound answers but also for bioethics governance, where relativism may induce decision paralysis or open the way to points of view disconnected from facts. [41]

But there might be a point for more pragmatic bioethics. Bioethics has become an increasingly public enterprise which seeks political persuasion and impact in the regulatory sphere. When bioethics is seen as an enterprise, achieving social transformation is its main goal. In this sense, pragmatism can provide critical tools to identify idiosyncrasies in regulation that prove change is needed. An example of how this may play out is the abortion rights movement in the global south. [42] Despite barriers to accessing safe abortion, this movement came up with creative solutions and a public discourse focused on the consequences of its criminalization rather than its moral aspects.

IV.     Bridging the Divide: Connections Between Bioethics and CSR

There have been attempts to bring bioethics and CSR closer to each other. Corporate responsibility can be a supplementary strategy for achieving the goals of bioethics. The International Bioethics Committee (IBC), an institution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), highlights the concept that social responsibility regarding health falls under the provisions of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UDBHR). It is a means of achieving good health (complete physical, mental, and social well-being) through social development. [43] Thus, it plays out as a condition for actualizing the goals dear to bioethics and general ethical standards, [44] such as autonomy and awareness of the social consequences of an organization’s governance. On this same note, CSR is a complementary resource for healthcare organizations that already have embedded bioethics into their operations [45] as a way of looking at the social impact of their practices.

And bioethics is also an asset of CSR. Bioethics can inform the necessary conditions for healthcare institutions achieving a positive social impact. When taken at face value, bioethics may offer guidelines for ethical and socially responsible behavior in the industry, instructing how these should play out in a particular context such as in research, and access to health. [46] When considering the relevance of rewarding mechanisms, [47] bioethics can guide the establishment of certification measures to restore lost trust in the pharmaceutical sector. [48] Furthermore, recognizing that the choice is a more complex matter than the maximization of utility can offer a nuanced perspective on how organizations dealing with existentially relevant choices understand their stakeholders. [49] However, all of those proposals might come with the challenge of proving that something can be gained from its addition to self-regulatory practices [50] within the scope of a dominant rights-based approach to CSR and global and corporate law.

It is evident that there is room for further collaboration between bioethics and CSR. Embedding either into the corporate governance practices of an organization tends to be connected to promoting the other. [51] While there are some incompatibilities, organizations should try to overcome them and take advantage of the synergies and similarities.

Despite their common interests and shared history, bioethics and corporate social responsibility have not produced a mature exchange. Jurisdictional issues and foundational incompatibilities have prevented a joint effort to establish a model of social responsibility that addresses issues particular to the healthcare sector.

Both bioethics and CSR should acknowledge that they hold two different pieces of a cognitive competence necessary for that task: CSR offers experience on how to turn corporate ethical obligations operational, while bioethics provides access to the prevailing practical and philosophical problem-solving tools in healthcare that were born out of social movements. Reconciling bioethics and CSR calls for greater efforts to comprehend and incorporate the social knowledge developed by each field reflexively [52] while understanding their insights are relevant to achieving some common goals.

[1] . Fritz Jahr, “Bio-Ethik: Eine Umschau Über Die Ethischen Beziehungen Des Menschen Zu Tier Und Pflanze,” Kosmos - Handweiser Für Naturfreunde 24 (1927): 2–4.

[2] . Van Rensselaer Potter, “Bioethics, the Science of Survival,” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 14, no. 1 (1970): 127–53, https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.1970.0015.

[3] . Maximilian Schochow and Jonas Grygier, eds., “Tagungsbericht: 1927 – Die Geburt der Bioethik in Halle (Saale) durch den protestantischen Theologen Fritz Jahr (1895-1953),” Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik / Annual Review of Law and Ethics 21 (June 11, 2014): 325–29, https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-02807-2.

[4] George J. Annas, American Bioethics: Crossing Human Rights and Health Law Boundaries (Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press, 2005).

[5] Philip L. Cochran, “The Evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility,” Business Horizons 50, no. 6 (November 2007): 449–54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2007.06.004. p. 449.

[6] Mauricio Andrés Latapí Agudelo, Lára Jóhannsdóttir, and Brynhildur Davídsdóttir, “A Literature Review of the History and Evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility,” International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility 4, no. 1 (December 2019): 23, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-018-0039-y.

[7] Potter, “Bioethics, the Science of Survival.” p. 129.

[8] Latapí Agudelo, Jóhannsdóttir, and Davídsdóttir, “A Literature Review of the History and Evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility.” p. 4.

[9] Albert R. Jonsen, The Birth of Bioethics (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003). p. 368-371.

[10] Jonsen. p. 372.

[11] Jonathan Montgomery, “Bioethics as a Governance Practice,” Health Care Analysis 24, no. 1 (March 2016): 3–23, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10728-015-0310-2.

[12] . The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, “The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research” (Washington: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, April 18, 1979), https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/sites/default/files/the-belmont-report-508c_FINAL.pdf.

[13] Shana Alexander, “They Decide Who Lives, Who Dies,” in LIFE , by Time Inc, 19th ed., vol. 53 (Nova Iorque: Time Inc, 1962), 102–25.

[14] . Latapí Agudelo, Jóhannsdóttir, and Davídsdóttir, “A Literature Review of the History and Evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility.”

[15] . Boaventura de Sousa Santos, “Por Uma Concepção Multicultural Dos Direitos Humanos,” Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais , no. 48 (June 1997): 11–32.

[16] Latapí Agudelo, Jóhannsdóttir, and Davídsdóttir, “A Literature Review of the History and Evolution of Corporate Social Responsibility.”

[17] . Anita Ramasastry, “Corporate Social Responsibility Versus Business and Human Rights: Bridging the Gap Between Responsibility and Accountability,” Journal of Human Rights 14, no. 2 (April 3, 2015): 237–59, https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2015.1037953.

[18] . Kenneth W Abbott et al., “The Concept of Legalization,” International Organization , Legalization and World Politics, 54, no. 3 (2000): 401–4019.

[19] . Jens Holst, “Global Health – Emergence, Hegemonic Trends and Biomedical Reductionism,” Globalization and Health 16, no. 1 (December 2020): 42–52, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00573-4.

[20] . Albert R. Jonsen, “Social Responsibilities of Bioethics,” Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 78, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 21–28, https://doi.org/10.1093/jurban/78.1.21.

[21] . Solomon R Benatar, Abdallah S Daar, and Peter A Singer, “Global Health Challenges: The Need for an Expanded Discourse on Bioethics,” PLoS Medicine 2, no. 7 (July 26, 2005): e143, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020143.

[22] . Márcio Fabri dos Anjos and José Eduardo de Siqueira, eds., Bioética No Brasil: Tendências e Perspectivas , 1st ed., Bio & Ética (São Paulo: Sociedade Brasileira de Bioética, 2007).

[23] . Montgomery, “Bioethics as a Governance Practice.” p. 8-9.

[24] . Aline Albuquerque S. de Oliveira, “A Declaração Universal Sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos e a Análise de Sua Repercussão Teórica Na Comunidade Bioética,” Revista Redbioética/UNESCO 1, no. 1 (2010): 124–39.

[25] John R. Commons, “Law and Economics,” The Yale Law Journal 34, no. 4 (February 1925): 371, https://doi.org/10.2307/788562; Robert L. Hale, “Bargaining, Duress, and Economic Liberty,” Columbia Law Review 43, no. 5 (July 1943): 603–28, https://doi.org/10.2307/1117229; Karl N. Llewellyn, “The Effect of Legal Institutions Upon Economics,” The American Economic Review 15, no. 4 (1925): 665–83; Carlos Portugal Gouvêa, Análise Dos Custos Da Desigualdade: Efeitos Institucionais Do Círculo Vicioso de Desigualdade e Corrupção , 1st ed. (São Paulo: Quartier Latin, 2021). p. 84-94.

[26] Milton Friedman, “A Friedman Doctrine‐- The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits,” The New York Times , September 13, 1970, sec. Archives, https://www.nytimes.com/1970/09/13/archives/a-friedman-doctrine-the-social-responsibility-of-business-is-to.html.

[27] Montgomery, “Bioethics as a Governance Practice.” p. 8.

[28] John Hyde Evans, The History and Future of Bioethics: A Sociological View , 1st ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012).

[29] David J. Rothman, Strangers at the Bedside: A History of How Law and Bioethics Transformed Medical Decision Making , 2nd pbk. ed, Social Institutions and Social Change (New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 2003). p. 3.

[30] Volnei Garrafa, Thiago Rocha Da Cunha, and Camilo Manchola, “Access to Healthcare: A Central Question within Brazilian Bioethics,” Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 27, no. 3 (July 2018): 431–39, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180117000810.

[31] Jonsen, “Social Responsibilities of Bioethics.”

[32] Evans, The History and Future of Bioethics . p. 75-79, 94-96.

[33] Julian Savulescu, “Bioethics: Why Philosophy Is Essential for Progress,” Journal of Medical Ethics 41, no. 1 (January 2015): 28–33, https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2014-102284.

[34] Silvia Camporesi and Giulia Cavaliere, “Can Bioethics Be an Honest Way of Making a Living? A Reflection on Normativity, Governance and Expertise,” Journal of Medical Ethics 47, no. 3 (March 2021): 159–63, https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105954; Jackie Leach Scully, “The Responsibilities of the Engaged Bioethicist: Scholar, Advocate, Activist,” Bioethics 33, no. 8 (October 2019): 872–80, https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12659.

[35] Philip Mirowski, “The Philosophical Bases of Institutionalist Economics,” Journal of Economic Issues , Evolutionary Economics I: Foundations of Institutional Thought, 21, no. 3 (September 1987): 1001–38.

[36] David Kennedy, “The International Human Rights Movement: Part of the Problem?,” Harvard Human Rights Journal 15 (2002): 101–25.

[37] Richard Rorty, “Pragmatism, Relativism, and Irrationalism,” Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 53, no. 6 (August 1980): 717+719-738.

[38] . Mirowski, “The Philosophical Bases of Institutionalist Economics.”

[39] . Glenn McGee, ed., Pragmatic Bioethics , 2nd ed, Basic Bioethics (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2003).

[40] . Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress, Principles of Biomedical Ethics , 7th ed (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013).

[41] . Montgomery, “Bioethics as a Governance Practice.”

[42] . Debora Diniz and Giselle Carino, “What Can Be Learned from the Global South on Abortion and How We Can Learn?,” Developing World Bioethics 23, no. 1 (March 2023): 3–4, https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12385.

[43] . International Bioethics Committee, On Social Responsibility and Health Report (Paris: Unesco, 2010).

[44] . Cristina Brandão et al., “Social Responsibility: A New Paradigm of Hospital Governance?,” Health Care Analysis 21, no. 4 (December 2013): 390–402, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10728-012-0206-3.

[45] Intissar Haddiya, Taha Janfi, and Mohamed Guedira, “Application of the Concepts of Social Responsibility, Sustainability, and Ethics to Healthcare Organizations,” Risk Management and Healthcare Policy Volume 13 (August 2020): 1029–33, https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S258984.

[46] The Biopharmaceutical Bioethics Working Group et al., “Considerations for Applying Bioethics Norms to a Biopharmaceutical Industry Setting,” BMC Medical Ethics 22, no. 1 (December 2021): 31–41, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-021-00600-y.

[47] Anne Van Aaken and Betül Simsek, “Rewarding in International Law,” American Journal of International Law 115, no. 2 (April 2021): 195–241, https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2021.2.

[48] Jennifer E. Miller, “Bioethical Accreditation or Rating Needed to Restore Trust in Pharma,” Nature Medicine 19, no. 3 (March 2013): 261–261, https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0313-261.

[49] John Hardwig, “The Stockholder – A Lesson for Business Ethics from Bioethics?,” Journal of Business Ethics 91, no. 3 (February 2010): 329–41, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0086-0.

[50] Stefan van Uden, “Taking up Bioethical Responsibility?: The Role of Global Bioethics in the Social Responsibility of Pharmaceutical Corporations Operating in Developing Countries” (Mestrado, Coimbra, Coimbra University, 2012).

[51] María Peana Chivite and Sara Gallardo, “La bioética en la empresa: el caso particular de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa,” Revista Internacional de Organizaciones , no. 13 (January 12, 2015): 55–81, https://doi.org/10.17345/rio13.55-81.

[52] Teubner argues that social spheres tend to develop solutions autonomously, but one sphere interfering in the way other spheres govern themselves tends to result in ineffective regulation and demobilization of their autonomous rule-making capabilities. These spheres should develop “reflexion mechanisms” that enable the exchange of their social knowledge and provide effective, non-damaging solutions to social issues. See Gunther Teubner, “Substantive and Reflexive Elements in Modern Law,” Law & Society Review 17, no. 2 (1983): 239–85, https://doi.org/10.2307/3053348.

Caio Caesar Dib

PhD candidate at the Faculty of Law of the University of São Paulo

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Skeptical science new research for week #12 2024.

• Climate Adam: Could the Amazon Rainforest Collapse?
• At a glance - Does CO2 always correlate with temperature?
• The U.S. has never produced more energy than it does today
• 2024 SkS Weekly Climate Change & Global Warming News Roundup #11
• Skeptical Science New Research for Week #11 2024
• Cartoons: ‘At least I didn’t make things awkward’
• At a glance - The albedo effect and global warming
• Trump election win could add 4bn tonnes to US emissions by 2030
• 2024 SkS Weekly Climate Change & Global Warming News Roundup #10
• Skeptical Science New Research for Week #10 2024
• All this climate data is wild
• At a glance - Human activity is driving retreat of arctic sea ice
• Great Lakes ice coverage hits a record low
• 2024 SkS Weekly Climate Change & Global Warming News Roundup #09
• Skeptical Science New Research for Week #9 2024
• Why Biden’s pause on new LNG export terminals is a BFD
• At a glance - Is Greenland gaining or losing ice?
• Climate Adam: Are food influencers wrong about climate change?
• 2024 SkS Weekly Climate Change & Global Warming News Roundup #08
• Skeptical Science New Research for Week #8 2024
• How oil sands undermine Canada’s climate goals
• At a glance - Was Greenland really green in the past?
• The promise of passive house design
• 2024 SkS Weekly Climate Change & Global Warming News Roundup #07
• Can we be inoculated against climate misinformation? Yes – if we prebunk rather than debunk
• Skeptical Science New Research for Week #7 2024
• New study suggests the Atlantic overturning circulation AMOC “is on tipping course”
• At a glance - Has Arctic sea ice returned to normal?
• After years of stability, Antarctica is losing ice

Posted on 21 March 2024 by Doug Bostrom, Marc Kodack

Open access notables.

Climate model s can’t explain 2023’s huge  heat  anomaly — we could be in uncharted territory , Schmidt,  Nature  [perspective] :

In general, the 2023 temperature anomaly has come out of the blue, revealing an unprecedented knowledge gap perhaps for the first time since about 40 years ago, when satellite data began offering modellers an unparalleled, real-time view of Earth’s climate system. If the anomaly does not stabilize by August — a reasonable expectation based on previous El Niño events — then the world will be in uncharted territory. It could imply that a warming planet is already fundamentally altering how the climate system operates, much sooner than scientists had anticipated. It could also mean that statistical inferences based on past events are less reliable than we thought, adding more uncertainty to seasonal predictions of droughts and rainfall patterns.

Understanding the processes that control the temperature of the tropical lower stratosphere is important, since this temperature dictates the concentration of stratospheric water vapor, a potent greenhouse gas. Observational data have long shown that locally, tropospheric warming is associated with stratospheric cooling. We confirm that the temperature pattern in the troposphere is remarkably reflected in that of the lower stratosphere, and additionally show that this relationship holds when considering trends caused by climate change. We show that there is a tight coupling between the spatial pattern of tropospheric warming and stratospheric cooling. Our findings are interpreted using a simple theory that posits that there is a quasi-balanced response of the stratosphere to heating in the troposphere.

The transition boundary between grounded glacier ice and floating glacier ice, or grounding line, has never been mapped in much detail on the largest, fastest outlet glaciers of Greenland because available satellite radar imagery does not provide short enough repeat pass data. Here, we use a terrestrial radar interferometer which images the glacier every 2 min to map the grounding line repeatedly with differential interferometry. Surprisingly the glacier develops a small floating section on the south side where the grounding line migrates over considerable distances—0.5 to 2.8 km—during the tidal cycle, which is 10 times farther than previously expected from flotation. We attribute the migration to seawater intrusions over a bed 100–800 m deeper than previously known. Seawater intrusions will carry sufficient ocean heat to melt basal ice vigorously, a factor that has not been incorporated in modeling studies of this glacier.

Nonlinear Interactions of Sea-Level Rise and Storm Tide Alter Extreme Coastal Water Levels: How and Why? , Moftakhari et al.,  AGU Advances:

This study analyzed the tidal data from around the Globe to understand the complex interactions between tides, surges, and mean sea level (MSL) fluctuations. The research found that in most locations, tides and non-tidal residuals have changed due to variations in MSL over recent decades. This research proposes a conservative proxy for extreme sea level dynamics, called “Potential Maximum Surge Tide” (PMST). By mid-century, the median PMST is projected to be 20% higher over all monitoring stations. Simply shifting storm tide predictions up based on projected SLR may underestimate the flooding risk up to fourfold. The interactions between MSL and storm tides, captured through the PMST statistic, contribute to increased flood hazards at three-quarters of the studied locations by the mid-21st century. 

Shrinking Alpine chamois: higher spring temperatures over the last 27 years in Switzerland are linked to a 3 kg reduction in body mass of yearlings , Masoero et al.,  Royal Society Open Science:

Although climate change is considered to be partly responsible for the size change observed in numerous species, the relevance of this hypothesis for ungulates remains debated. We used body mass measurements of 5635 yearlings (i.e. 1.5 years old) of Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) harvested in September in the Swiss Alps (Ticino canton) from 1992 to 2018. In our study area, during this period, yearlings shrank by ca  3 kg while temperatures between May and July rose by 1.7°C. We identified that warmer temperatures during birth and the early suckling period (9 May to 2 July in the year of birth) had the strongest impact on yearling mass. Further analyses of year-detrended mass and temperature data indicate that this result was not simply due to changes in both variables over years, but that increases in temperature during this particularly sensitive time window for development and growth are responsible for the decrease in body mass of yearling chamois.  

People today who plant trees successfully do it for livelihoods and income not for biodiversity or climate mitigation , MS Ashton et al.,  Frontiers in Forests and Global Change:

Recently, many studies have touted the idea of planting trees as a natural means of climate mitigation ( Bastin et al., 2019 ). Initial estimates were strongly criticized for their false assumptions about the technical capacity and open space available for such large-scale plantings ( Veldman et al., 2019 ), but many of the critiques also failed to acknowledge that at least a century of work has documented successful tree planting ( Holl and Brancalion, 2020 ). Responses had largely been written by ecologists, not by practitioners who plant trees for a living or silviculturists, social scientists, and others who conduct research on how, when, and where to plant trees and why landowners plant trees. Tree planting can be successful and very effective in the right circumstances, and there is an enormous technical literature under the applied ecological discipline of silviculture that has been ignored and should be recognized ( Ashton and Kelty, 2018 ).

From this week's government/NGO  section:  

State of the Global Climate 2023 ,  Anzellini et al.,  World Meteorological Organization:

2023 was the warmest year on record at 1.45 ± 0.12 °C above the pre-industrial average. Concentrations of the three main greenhouse gases – carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide – reached record-high observed levels. Global mean sea level reached a record high. The rate of sea level rise in the past ten years (2014–2023) has more than doubled since the first decade of the satellite record (1993–2002). Antarctic sea-ice extent reached an absolute record low in February. The annual maximum extent was around 1 million km2 below the previous record low maximum. Preliminary data from the global set of reference glaciers for the hydrological year 2022-2023 show they experienced the largest loss of ice on record (1950–2023), driven by the extremely negative mass balance in both western North America and Europe. Glaciers in Switzerland lost around 10% of their remaining volume in the past two years. Extreme weather continued to lead to severe socio-economic impacts. Extreme heat affected many parts of the world. Wildfires in Hawaii, Canada, and Europe led to the loss of life, the destruction of homes, and large-scale air pollution. Flooding associated with extreme rainfall from the Mediterranean Cyclone Daniel affected Greece, Bulgaria, Türkiye, and Libya with particularly heavy loss of life in Libya.

For Our Future. Indigenous Resilience Report ,  Reed et al.,  Government of Canada:

Indigenous Peoples have unique strengths for responding to environmental and climate changes. Climate change is one of many crises that First Nations, Inuit, and Métis face. Indigenous knowledge systems and lived experiences are essential components of climate action. The food, water, and energy nexus is central to First Nation, Inuit, and Métis climate leadership. Self-determination is critical to Indigenous-led climate action.

189 articles in 75 journals by 1109 contributing authors

Physical science of climate change, effects

Linking Future Tropical Precipitation Changes to Zonally-Asymmetric Large-Scale Meridional Circulation , Raiter et al., Geophysical Research Letters Open Access pdf 10.1029/2023gl106072

Regime Shifts in Lake Oxygen and Temperature in the Rapidly Warming High Arctic , Klanten et al., Geophysical Research Letters Open Access pdf 10.1029/2023gl106985

Strengthened impact of boreal winter North Pacific Oscillation on ENSO development in warming climate , Chen et al., npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Open Access pdf 10.1038/s41612-024-00615-3

The response of atmospheric blocking and East Asian cold extremes to future Arctic Sea ice loss , Zhuo et al., Atmospheric Research 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107355

Variability of the M2 internal tides in the Luzon Strait under climate change , Guo et al., Climate Dynamics 10.1007/s00382-024-07148-8

Why the lower stratosphere cools when the troposphere warms , Lin & Emanuel, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open Access pdf 10.1073/pnas.2319228121

Observations of climate change, effects

A global estimate of monthly vegetation and soil fractions from spatiotemporally adaptive spectral mixture analysis during 2001–2022 , Sun et al., Earth System Science Data Open Access 10.5194/essd-16-1333-2024

Assessing Argentina's heatwave dynamics (1950–2022): a comprehensive analysis of temporal and spatial variability using ERA5-LAND , Cimolai & Aguilar, Theoretical and Applied Climatology Open Access pdf 10.1007/s00704-024-04915-9

Local climate regionalization of the Tibetan Plateau: A data-driven scale-dependent analysis , Feng et al., Theoretical and Applied Climatology 10.1007/s00704-024-04916-8

Rainfall variability increased with warming in northern Queensland, Australia, over the past 280 years , Dyez et al., Communications Earth & Environment Open Access pdf 10.1038/s43247-024-01262-5

Spatiotemporal changes of climatic disasters and population displacements in Africa , Guo et al., Climate and Development 10.1080/17565529.2024.2323523

Spring Barents Sea ice loss enhances tropical cyclone genesis over the eastern North Pacific , Hai et al., Climate Dynamics 10.1007/s00382-024-07145-x

The emerging human influence on the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature , Shi et al., Nature Climate Change 10.1038/s41558-024-01958-8

Instrumentation & observational methods of climate change, effects

A Decadal Survey Without Analogs: Earth Observation Needs for a Warming World , Miner et al., AGU Advances Open Access pdf 10.1029/2023av001148

A systematic review of urban heat island and heat waves research (1991–2022) , Cheval et al., Climate Risk Management Open Access 10.1016/j.crm.2024.100603

Meteorological, snow and soil data, CO2, water and energy fluxes from a low-Arctic valley of Northern Quebec , Domine et al., Earth System Science Data Open Access 10.5194/essd-16-1523-2024

Modulated Trends in Arctic Surface Air Temperature Extremes as a Fingerprint of Climate Change , Polyakov et al., Journal of Climate 10.1175/jcli-d-23-0266.1

Pitfalls in diagnosing temperature extremes , Brunner & Voigt, Nature Communications Open Access pdf 10.1038/s41467-024-46349-x

Quantifying exposure biases in early instrumental land surface air temperature observations , Wallis et al., International Journal of Climatology Open Access pdf 10.1002/joc.8401

Spurious Trends in High Latitude Southern Hemisphere Precipitation Observations , Reid et al., Geophysical Research Letters Open Access pdf 10.1029/2023gl106994

Modeling, simulation & projection of climate change, effects

An overview of the Western United States Dynamically Downscaled Dataset (WUS-D3) , Rahimi et al., Geoscientific Model Development Open Access 10.5194/gmd-17-2265-2024

Climate change signals of extreme precipitation return levels for Germany in a transient convection-permitting simulation ensemble , Hundhausen et al., International Journal of Climatology Open Access pdf 10.1002/joc.8393

Improving our understanding of future tropical cyclone intensities in the Caribbean using a high-resolution regional climate model , Dullaart et al., Scientific Reports Open Access 10.1038/s41598-023-49685-y

Inferring Global Ocean Mass Increase From Tide Gauges Network With Climate Models , Mu et al., Geophysical Research Letters Open Access pdf 10.1029/2023gl108056

Ocean response to a century of observation-based freshwater forcing around Greenland in EC-Earth3 , Devilliers et al., Climate Dynamics Open Access pdf 10.1007/s00382-024-07142-0

Statistical downscaling of GCMs wind speed data for trend analysis of future scenarios: a case study in the Lombardy region , Ferrarin et al., Theoretical and Applied Climatology Open Access pdf 10.1007/s00704-024-04921-x

Advancement of climate & climate effects modeling, simulation & projection

Clustering of low-pressure systems during the active phase of Indian summer monsoon in climate models , Srujan & Sandeep, Climate Dynamics 10.1007/s00382-024-07146-w

Coupled Climate Models Systematically Underestimate Radiation Response to Surface Warming , Olonscheck & Rugenstein, Geophysical Research Letters Open Access 10.1029/2023gl106909

Improving simulations of extreme precipitation events in China by the CMIP6 global climate models through statistical downscaling , Zhang et al., Atmospheric Research 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107344

Imputation of missing IPCC AR6 data on land carbon sequestration , Prütz et al., Open Access 10.5194/essd-2024-68

SINGV-RCM: the convection-permitting regional climate model for Singapore , Prasanna et al., Climate Dynamics Open Access 10.1007/s00382-024-07154-w

Cryosphere & climate change

100 years of monitoring in the Swiss National Park reveals overall decreasing rock glacier velocities , Manchado et al., Communications Earth & Environment Open Access pdf 10.1038/s43247-024-01302-0

Experimental Whole-Ecosystem Warming Enables Novel Estimation of Snow Cover and Depth Sensitivities to Temperature, and Quantification of the Snow-Albedo Feedback Effect , Richardson et al., Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences Open Access pdf 10.1029/2023jg007833

Marginal snowpacks: The basis for a global definition and existing research needs , López-Moreno et al., Earth 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104751

Seawater Intrusion at the Grounding Line of Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland, From Terrestrial Radar Interferometry , Kim et al., Geophysical Research Letters Open Access 10.1029/2023gl106181

Synchronous retreat of Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers in response to external forcings in the presatellite era , Clark et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open Access pdf 10.1073/pnas.2211711120

Sea level & climate change

Boon and burden: economic performance and future perspectives of the Venice flood protection system , Giupponi et al., Regional Environmental Change Open Access pdf 10.1007/s10113-024-02193-9

Nonlinear Interactions of Sea-Level Rise and Storm Tide Alter Extreme Coastal Water Levels: How and Why? , Moftakhari et al., AGU Advances Open Access pdf 10.1029/2023av000996

Paleoclimate & paleogeochemistry

Glacial inception through rapid ice area increase driven by albedo and vegetation feedbacks , Willeit et al., Climate of the Past Open Access 10.5194/cp-20-597-2024

Mid-Pliocene not analogous to high-CO2 climate when considering Northern Hemisphere winter variability , Oldeman et al., Weather and Climate Dynamics Open Access 10.5194/wcd-5-395-2024

Reconstructing hydroclimate changes over the past 2500 years using speleothems from Pyrenean caves (NE Spain) , Bartolomé et al., Climate of the Past Open Access 10.5194/cp-20-467-2024

Biology & climate change, related geochemistry

Assessment of vegetation dynamics under changed climate situation using geostatistical modeling , Basit et al., Theoretical and Applied Climatology 10.1007/s00704-024-04840-x

Biodiversity losses associated with global warming of 1.5 to 4 °C above pre-industrial levels in six countries , Price et al., Climatic Change Open Access pdf 10.1007/s10584-023-03666-2

Biological and Physical Controls on Multidecadal Acidification in a Eutrophic Estuary , Champlin et al., Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 10.1029/2023jc020405

Climate change will reduce North American inland wetland areas and disrupt their seasonal regimes , Xu et al., Nature Communications Open Access pdf 10.1038/s41467-024-45286-z

Cue the chorus: Canyon treefrog calling phenology on the falling limb of spring floods and warming nights , Bateman et al., Ecology 10.1002/ecy.4287

Current and past climate co-shape community-level plant species richness in the Western Siberian Arctic , Vitalii et al., Open Access pdf 10.22541/au.169985466.68931074/v1

Detecting climate-driven ecological changes in high-altitude lakes in the Sierra Nevada, California , Lopera-Congote et al., The Holocene 10.1177/09596836241236324

Detection of evolutionary conserved and accelerated genomic regions related to adaptation to thermal niches in Anolis lizards , Sakamoto et al., Ecology and Evolution Open Access pdf 10.1002/ece3.11117

Dual stressors of infection and warming can destabilize host microbiomes , Li et al., Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Open Access pdf 10.1098/rstb.2023.0069

Evolution of vegetation cover and impacts of climate change and human activities in arid regions of Northwest China: a Mu Us Sandy Land case , Lin et al., Environment, Development and Sustainability 10.1007/s10668-024-04704-4

Finding balance: Tree-ring isotopes differentiate between acclimation and stress-induced imbalance in a long-term irrigation experiment , Vitali et al., Global Change Biology Open Access pdf 10.1111/gcb.17237

Forestry trials and species adaptability to climate change , Booth, Global Change Biology 10.1111/gcb.17243

Global research and research progress on climate change and their impact on plant phenology: 30 years of investigations through bibliometric analysis , Singh et al., Theoretical and Applied Climatology 10.1007/s00704-024-04919-5

Heatwaves are detrimental to fertility in the viviparous tsetse fly , Weaving et al., Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Open Access pdf 10.1098/rspb.2023.2710

Hotter drought and trade-off between fast and slow growth strategies as major drivers of tree-ring growth variability of global conifers , Wang & Wang Xiangping Wang Xiangping Wang Xiangping Wang, Journal of Ecology 10.1111/1365-2745.14290

Impacts of climate change on airborne Quercus pollen trends in Andalusia region (southern Spain) , Alcázar et al., Regional Environmental Change Open Access 10.1007/s10113-023-02181-5

Increased frequency of extreme climatic events weakens the community stability of natural grassland under directional climate changes by reducing resilience , Liu et al., Global Ecology and Biogeography 10.1111/geb.13824

Interacting effects of fire and hydroclimate on oak and beech community prevalence in the southern Great Lakes region , Schlenker et al., Journal of Ecology Open Access 10.1111/1365-2745.14289

Leaf morphological traits show greater responses to changes in climate than leaf physiological traits and gas exchange variables , Everingham et al., Ecology and Evolution Open Access 10.1002/ece3.10941

Long-term studies on West Antarctic Peninsula phytoplankton blooms suggest range shifts between temperate and polar species , Antoni et al., Global Change Biology 10.1111/gcb.17238

Perspectives on the timing of ecosystem collapse in a changing climate , Alaniz et al., Conservation Biology 10.1111/cobi.14247

Positive effects of tree species diversity on productivity switch to negative after severe drought mortality in a temperate forest experiment , Shovon et al., Global Change Biology Open Access 10.1111/gcb.17252

Risks associated with global warming of 1.5 to 4 °C above pre-industrial levels in human and natural systems in six countries , Warren et al., Climatic Change Open Access pdf 10.1007/s10584-023-03646-6

Shrinking Alpine chamois: higher spring temperatures over the last 27 years in Switzerland are linked to a 3 kg reduction in body mass of yearlings , Masoero et al., Royal Society Open Science Open Access pdf 10.1098/rsos.231295

Subsurface temperature estimates from a Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) reanalysis provide accurate coral heat stress indices across the Main Hawaiian Islands , Perelman et al., Scientific Reports Open Access 10.1038/s41598-024-56865-x

Temperature-Dependence Assumptions Drive Projected Responses of Diverse Size-Based Food Webs to Warming , Reum et al., Earth's Future Open Access pdf 10.1029/2023ef003852

The Advancement in Spring Vegetation Phenology in the Northern Hemisphere Will Reverse After 2060 Under Future Moderate Warming Scenarios , Mo et al., Earth's Future Open Access pdf 10.1029/2023ef003788

The future of endemic and threatened birds of the Amazon in the face of global climate change , de Moraes et al., Ecology and Evolution Open Access 10.1002/ece3.11097

Unusual Hemiaulus bloom influences ocean productivity in Northeastern US Shelf waters , Castillo Cieza et al., Biogeosciences Open Access 10.5194/bg-21-1235-2024

GHG sources & sinks, flux, related geochemistry

A drained nutrient-poor peatland forest in boreal Sweden constitutes a net carbon sink after integrating terrestrial and aquatic fluxes , Tong et al., Global Change Biology Open Access 10.1111/gcb.17246

Carbon conduction effect and multi-scenario carbon emission responses of land use patterns transfer: a case study of the Baiyangdian basin in China , Gao et al., Frontiers in Environmental Science Open Access pdf 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1374383

Comparison of carbon and water fluxes and the drivers of ecosystem water use efficiency in a temperate rainforest and a peatland in southern South America , Perez-Quezada et al., Biogeosciences Open Access pdf 10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024

Depth-dependent responses of soil organic carbon under nitrogen deposition , Hu et al., Global Change Biology Open Access pdf 10.1111/gcb.17247

Driving factors analysis and scenario prediction of CO2 emissions in power industries of key provinces along the Yellow River based on LMDI and BP neural network , Wu et al., Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Open Access pdf 10.3389/fevo.2024.1362541

Elevation-dependent pattern of net CO2 uptake across China , Wei et al., Nature Communications Open Access 10.1038/s41467-024-46930-4

Enhanced Mineral Preservation Rather Than Microbial Residue Production Dictates the Accrual of Mineral-Associated Organic Carbon Along a Weathering Gradient , Zhu et al., Geophysical Research Letters Open Access pdf 10.1029/2024gl108466

Global datasets of hourly carbon and water fluxes simulated using a satellite-based process model with dynamic parameterizations , Leng et al., Earth System Science Data Open Access pdf 10.5194/essd-16-1283-2024

Moisture and temperature effects on the radiocarbon signature of respired carbon dioxide to assess stability of soil carbon in the Tibetan Plateau , Tangarife-Escobar et al., Biogeosciences Open Access pdf 10.5194/bg-21-1277-2024

Optimising CH4 simulations from the LPJ-GUESS model v4.1 using an adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm , Kallingal et al., Geoscientific Model Development Open Access 10.5194/gmd-17-2299-2024

Reconciling carbon quality with availability predicts temperature sensitivity of global soil carbon mineralization , Zhang et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.2313842121

Regional Inversion Shows Promise in Capturing Extreme-Event-Driven CO2 Flux Anomalies but Is Limited by Atmospheric CO2 Observational Coverage , Byrne et al., Open Access pdf 10.22541/essoar.169603599.91008398/v1

Sediment Addition Leads to Variable Responses in Temperate Salt Marsh Greenhouse Gas Fluxes During the Growing Season , Bartolucci & Fulweiler, Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences Open Access pdf 10.1029/2023jg007756

Spatial and temporal variations of gross primary production simulated by land surface model BCC&AVIM2.0 , Li et al., Advances in Climate Change Research Open Access 10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001

Three-dimensional space and time mapping reveals soil organic matter decreases across anthropogenic landscapes in the Netherlands , Helfenstein et al., Communications Earth & Environment Open Access pdf 10.1038/s43247-024-01293-y

Unraveling the Physical and Biological Controls of the Global Coastal CO2 Sink , Roobaert et al., Global Biogeochemical Cycles Open Access 10.1029/2023gb007799

CO2 capture, sequestration science & engineering

Geochemical assessment of mineral sequestration of carbon dioxide in the midcontinent rift , Abousif et al., Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology 10.1002/ghg.2266

Giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) in the UK: carbon storage potential and growth rates , Holland et al., Royal Society Open Science Open Access pdf 10.1098/rsos.230603

Public engagement and collaboration for carbon dioxide removal: lessons from a project in the Dominican Republic , Hilser et al., Frontiers in Climate Open Access pdf 10.3389/fclim.2024.1290999

Trade-offs in land-based carbon removal measures under 1.5 °C and 2 °C futures , Zhao et al., Nature Communications Open Access pdf 10.1038/s41467-024-46575-3

Decarbonization

Assessing compounding climate-related stresses and development pathways on the power sector in the central U.S. , Gurgel et al., Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change Open Access pdf 10.1007/s11027-024-10119-3

Comparative performance evaluation of ground-mounted and floating solar PV systems , Dzamesi et al., Energy for Sustainable Development 10.1016/j.esd.2024.101421

Fossil energy risk exposure of the UK electricity system: The moderating role of electricity generation mix and energy source , Tsai, Energy Policy 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114065

Identifying uncertainty in the global warming impacts of biomaterials: an analysis of biosuccinic acid , Dunlap et al., The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 10.1007/s11367-024-02290-1

Optimal design of a microgrid for carbon-free in-use housing developments: a UK-based case study , Hewitt et al., Environment, Development and Sustainability 10.1007/s10668-024-04695-2

PV to reduce evaporative losses in the channels of the São Francisco’s River water transposition project , Stiubiener et al., Scientific Reports Open Access 10.1038/s41598-024-56952-z

Sustainable hydrogen production through water splitting: a comprehensive review , Safari et al., Environment, Development and Sustainability 10.1007/s10668-024-04699-y

The transition to electrified vehicles: Evaluating the labor demand of manufacturing conventional versus battery electric vehicle powertrains , Cotterman et al., Energy Policy Open Access 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114064

Towards net-zero carbon buildings: Investigating the impact of early-stage structure design on building embodied carbon , Torabi & Evins, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 10.1007/s11367-024-02287-w

Geoengineering climate

Physical science research needed to evaluate the viability and risks of marine cloud brightening , Feingold et al., Science Advances 10.1126/sciadv.adi8594

Black carbon

Fast response of global monsoon area and precipitation to regional carbonaceous aerosols , Asutosh et al., Atmospheric Research 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107354

Climate change communications & cognition

Can Climate Shocks Make Vulnerable Subjects More Willing to Take Risks? , Holden & Tilahun, Environmental and Resource Economics Open Access pdf 10.1007/s10640-024-00850-5

Carbon literacy – Can simple interventions help? Effect of information provision on emissions knowledge of private households , Kretschmer, Energy Policy 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114060

Experience with extreme weather events increases willingness-to-pay for climate mitigation policy , Gould et al., Global Environmental Change 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102795

Go out or stress out? Exploring nature connectedness and cumulative stress as resilience and vulnerability factors in different manifestations of climate anxiety , , Nature Open Access pdf 10.1038/346594a0

How to provide actionable information on weather and climate impacts?–A summary of strategic, methodological, and technical perspectives , Geiger et al., Frontiers in Climate Open Access pdf 10.3389/fclim.2024.1343993

Improving figures for climate change communications: Insights from interviews with international policymakers and practitioners , Bruine de Bruin et al., Climatic Change Open Access 10.1007/s10584-024-03704-7

Intergenerational altruism and climate policy preferences , Agneman et al., PNAS Nexus Open Access pdf 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae105

“Climate Change” or “Global Warming”? The (Un)Politicization of Climate in Chinese Social Media Platform , Perry, The Holocene Open Access 10.1177/095968360301300516

“We Need to Build Carbon-Neutral Houses” – Discourses of Responsible Expertise in Finnish Professional Media , Kääntä et al., Environmental Communication Open Access pdf 10.1080/17524032.2024.2327064

Agronomy, animal husbundry, food production & climate change

A hybrid extreme learning machine approach for modeling the effectiveness of irrigation methods on greenhouse gas emissions , Dehghanisanij et al., Environment, Development and Sustainability 10.1007/s10668-024-04644-z

Adaptations of potato production to future climate change by optimizing planting date, irrigation and fertilizer in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of China , Tang et al., Climate Risk Management Open Access 10.1016/j.crm.2024.100604

Assessing the climate vulnerability of mountain agriculture: a case study of Haramosh Valley in Central Karakoram, Pakistan , Alam et al., Environment, Development and Sustainability 10.1007/s10668-024-04636-z

Common agronomic adaptation strategies to climate change may increase soil greenhouse gas emission in Northern Europe , Grados et al., Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Open Access 10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.109966

Discrepancies in methodologies to determine chill requirements in temperate fruit trees constrain guidelines for future plantings in a global warming context , Delgado et al., Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Open Access 10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.109970

Drivers of adaptive capacity of rural women farmers: The role of climate action and information mediums in rural Ghana , Gyimah et al., Climate Resilience and Sustainability Open Access 10.1002/cli2.67

Effect of climate risk adaptation on food security among farming households: The case of Nigeria , Madaki et al., Climate Risk Management Open Access 10.1016/j.crm.2024.100600

Effects of using climate-smart agricultural practices on factor demand and input substitution among smallholder rice farmers in Nigeria , Kehinde et al., Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 10.1007/s11027-024-10125-5

Exploring climate change perception and heat stress adaptation among Zambian farmers using participatory tools , Nyambe, Regional Environmental Change 10.1007/s10113-024-02206-7

Global Forest Plantations Mapping and Biomass Carbon Estimation , Xu et al., Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 10.1029/2023jg007441

Historical impacts of grazing on carbon stocks and climate mitigation opportunities , Ren et al., Nature Climate Change 10.1038/s41558-024-01957-9

Influence of climate-smart technologies on the success of livestock donation programs for smallholder farmers in Rwanda , Kandulu et al., Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change Open Access pdf 10.1007/s11027-024-10120-w

Long-term straw return to a wheat-maize system results in topsoil organic C saturation and increased yields while no stimulating or reducing yield-scaled N 2 O and NO emissions , Yao et al., Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.109937

Methane emissions from animal agriculture: Micrometeorological solutions for challenging measurement situations , Laubach et al., Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.109971

Mitigating water pollution in a Portuguese river basin under climate change through agricultural sustainable practices , Ramião et al., Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change Open Access pdf 10.1007/s11027-024-10121-9

Multi-model ensemble of CMIP6 projections for future extreme climate changes in wheat production regions of China , Shi et al., Climate Dynamics 10.1007/s00382-024-07151-z

Soil carbon dynamics in drained prairie pothole wetlands , Chizen et al., Frontiers in Environmental Science Open Access pdf 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1353802

Sugarcane water requirement and yield projections in major producing regions of China under future climate scenarios , Zhu et al., Theoretical and Applied Climatology Open Access pdf 10.1007/s00704-023-04776-8

Sustainability benefits of transitioning from current diets to plant-based alternatives or whole-food diets in Sweden , Bunge et al., Nature Communications Open Access pdf 10.1038/s41467-024-45328-6

Hydrology, hydrometeorology & climate change

Amplified Extreme Floods and Shifting Flood Mechanisms in the Delaware River Basin in Future Climates , Sun et al., Earth's Future Open Access 10.1029/2023ef003868

Analyzing and forecasting climate variability in Nainital district, India using non-parametric methods and ensemble machine learning algorithms , Sharma et al., Theoretical and Applied Climatology 10.1007/s00704-024-04920-y

Climate change flood risks and post-flood agricultural and non-agricultural economic losses in flood-prone Bait households Muzaffargarh district of Punjab, Pakistan , Ahmad & Afzal, Environment, Development and Sustainability 10.1007/s10668-024-04674-7

Constraints on regional projections of mean and extreme precipitation under warming , Dai et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open Access pdf 10.1073/pnas.2312400121

Projected Changes in Mean and Extreme Precipitation over Northern Mexico , Nazarian et al., Journal of Climate Open Access 10.1175/jcli-d-23-0390.1

Sediment particle tracking data for the Carpathian reservoir under climate and land use change scenarios , Szali?ska et al., Geoscience Data Journal Open Access pdf 10.1002/gdj3.242

Snowfall Replenishes Groundwater Loss in the Great Basin of the Western United States, but Cannot Compensate for Increasing Aridification , Hall et al., Geophysical Research Letters Open Access 10.1029/2023gl107913

Climate change economics

Global supply chains amplify economic costs of future extreme heat risk , Sun et al., Nature Open Access pdf 10.1038/s41586-024-07147-z

The impact of green finance development on energy poverty: Does climate risk matter? , Liu et al., Environment, Development and Sustainability 10.1007/s10668-024-04706-2

The impact of green finance on the intensity and efficiency of carbon emissions: the moderating effect of the digital economy , Liu & Zhu, Frontiers in Environmental Science Open Access pdf 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1362932

The role of institutional design in mobilizing climate finance: Empirical evidence from Bangladesh, Brazil, Ethiopia, and Indonesia , Bhandary, PLOS Climate Open Access 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000246

Climate change mitigation public policy research

A climate fit for capitalism: ordoliberalism’s political ecology and German environmental politics , Callison & Söding, Environmental Politics Open Access pdf 10.1080/09644016.2024.2317108

A unified modelling framework for projecting sectoral greenhouse gas emissions , Vashold & Crespo Cuaresma, Communications Earth & Environment Open Access pdf 10.1038/s43247-024-01288-9

Analysis of the cost-optimal heat supply strategy for Munich following a clean energy transformation pathway , Kleinertz et al., Energy Policy 10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113968

Azerbaijan: pathways for decarbonization in a global context , Chepeliev et al., Climate Policy 10.1080/14693062.2024.2330378

Climate change adaptation and mitigation potential of EVs in Tokyo metropolitan area , Yamaguchi et al., Urban Climate Open Access 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101859

Does environmental pollution governance contribute to carbon emission reduction under heterogeneous green technological innovation? Empirical evidence from China’s provincial panel data , Xu et al., Environment, Development and Sustainability 10.1007/s10668-024-04655-w

Feasibility of contrail avoidance in a commercial flight planning system: an operational analysis , Martin Frias et al., Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability Open Access pdf 10.1088/2634-4505/ad310c

Global trend of methane abatement inventions and widening mismatch with methane emissions , Jiang et al., Nature Climate Change Open Access pdf 10.1038/s41558-024-01947-x

Green financial reporting framework for Paris Agreement parties , Sattar et al., Frontiers in Environmental Science Open Access pdf 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1335547

How to design an auction: The impact of auction implementation elements on the financing costs of renewable electricity projects , Alexander-Haw & Breitschopf, Energy Policy Open Access 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114069

Indigenous engagement challenges and carbon mitigation activities in Malaysian forest policy , Guglyuvatyy, Frontiers in Forests and Global Change Open Access pdf 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1362330

ISSA-enhanced GRU-Transformer: integrating sports wisdom into the frontier exploration of carbon emission prediction , Jiang et al., Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Open Access pdf 10.3389/fevo.2024.1355492

Larger wind turbines as a solution to reduce environmental impacts , Akhtar et al., Scientific Reports Open Access 10.1038/s41598-024-56731-w

Optimal coal power phase-out pathway considering high renewable energy proportion: A provincial example , Lin & Liu, Energy Policy 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114071

Policy for material efficiency in homes and cars: Enabling new climate change mitigation strategies , Lifset et al., WIREs Climate Change 10.1002/wcc.881

Technical-economic limitations of floating offshore wind energy generation in small isolated island power systems without energy storage: Case study in the Canary Islands , Martín-Betancor et al., Energy Policy Open Access 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114056

The atlas of unburnable oil for supply-side climate policies , Pellegrini et al., Nature Communications Open Access pdf 10.1038/s41467-024-46340-6

The impacts of decarbonization pathways on Sustainable Development Goals in the European Union , Moreno et al., Communications Earth & Environment Open Access pdf 10.1038/s43247-024-01309-7

The potential of urban irrigation for counteracting carbon-climate feedback , Li et al., Nature Communications Open Access pdf 10.1038/s41467-024-46826-3

Unequal transfer and its policy implications of carbon emissions and economic benefits embodied among Central Plains urban agglomeration , Peng et al., Urban Climate 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101858

Climate change adaptation & adaptation public policy research

Assessing the potential risks of climate change on the natural capital of six countries resulting from global warming of 1.5 to 4 °C above pre-industrial levels , Price et al., Climatic Change Open Access pdf 10.1007/s10584-023-03650-w

Climate impacts on migration in the Arctic North America: existing evidence and research recommendations , Chi et al., Regional Environmental Change 10.1007/s10113-024-02212-9

Enhancing urban climate resilience: A holistic evaluation of urban forest disservices in the aftermath of typhoons , Liu et al., Urban Climate 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101857

Implementing climate change adaptation through mainstreaming at the local level—a comparative case study of two municipalities in the Netherlands , Baack et al., Regional Environmental Change Open Access pdf 10.1007/s10113-024-02214-7

Learning from COVID-19: A roadmap for integrated risk assessment and management across shocks of pandemics, biodiversity loss, and climate change , Scolobig et al., Environmental Science & Policy 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103726

Place attachment, storms, and climate change in the Faroe Islands , Kongsager & Baron, Regional Environmental Change Open Access pdf 10.1007/s10113-024-02205-8

Projecting Flood Risk Dynamics for Effective Long-Term Adaptation , Schoppa et al., Earth's Future Open Access pdf 10.1029/2022ef003258

The need for nonuniform risk acceptability across climate change scenarios , Nasr et al., Risk Analysis Open Access pdf 10.1111/risa.14293

‘These days, things have changed’: historicizing current dynamics of climate-related migration in the savannah zone of Ghana , Xavier Jarawura et al., Climate and Development 10.1080/17565529.2024.2321168

Climate change impacts on human health

Characterization of temperature and humidity effects on extreme heat stress under global warming and urban growth in the Pearl and Yangtze River deltas of China , Zhou et al., Weather and Climate Extremes Open Access 10.1016/j.wace.2024.100659

County-Level Disparities in Heat-Related Emergencies , Ramesh et al., JAMA Network Open Open Access pdf 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.2845

Effects of climate change and human activities on vector-borne diseases , de Souza & Weaver, Nature Reviews Microbiology Open Access pdf 10.1038/s41579-024-01026-0

Impact of drought on mental and behavioral disorders, contributions of research in a climate change context. A narrative review , Padrón-Monedero et al., International Journal of Biometeorology Open Access 10.1007/s00484-024-02657-x

Quantifying overheating risk in English schools: A spatially coherent climate risk assessment , Dawkins et al., Climate Risk Management Open Access 10.1016/j.crm.2024.100602

Temperature anomalies undermine the health of reproductive-age women in low- and middle-income countries , Gray & Thiede, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.2311567121

Climate change impacts on human culture

Global reduction of snow cover in ski areas under climate change , Mitterwallner et al., PLOS ONE Open Access pdf 10.1371/journal.pone.0299735

Drivers of Laptev Sea interannual variability in salinity and temperature , Hudson et al., Open Access pdf 10.5194/egusphere-2023-1403

Investigating the possibilities of temperature concentration distribution in Zayanderood based on climate change , Tahroudi et al., Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2024.101454

Informed opinion, nudges & major initiatives

Addressing knowledge gaps on emerging issues in weather and climate extreme events: a systematic review , Kafi et al., Climatic Change 10.1007/s10584-024-03714-5

Climate models can’t explain 2023’s huge heat anomaly — we could be in uncharted territory , Schmidt, Nature Open Access pdf 10.1038/d41586-024-00816-z

Coastal shoreline change assessments at global scales , Warrick et al., Nature Communications Open Access pdf 10.1038/s41467-024-46608-x

Editorial Introduction to the Topical Collection: Accrual of Climate Change Risk in Six Vulnerable Countries , Jacob & Guillén Bolaños, Climatic Change Open Access pdf 10.1007/s10584-024-03691-9

Effective climate action must integrate climate adaptation and mitigation , Howarth & Robinson, Nature Climate Change 10.1038/s41558-024-01963-x

Equity, Justice, and Drought: Lessons for Climate Services from the U.S. Southwest , Greene & Ferguson, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Open Access pdf 10.1175/bams-d-22-0185.1

People today who plant trees successfully do it for livelihoods and income not for biodiversity or climate mitigation , MS Ashton et al., Frontiers in Forests and Global Change   Open Access pdf 10.1007/978-3-030-92148-4

Predict the effects of climate change by studying the effects of climate change , Schwager et al., Oikos Open Access 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16464.x

Preparing for heat risk is complex: Aligning adaptation and mitigation is essential , Howarth, PLOS Climate Open Access pdf 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000371

The effect of climate change on sources of radionuclides to the marine environment , Gwynn et al., Communications Earth & Environment Open Access pdf 10.1038/s43247-024-01241-w

The global energy transition offers new options for mitigation of coastal hypoxia: Do we know enough? , Handmann & Wallace, Global Change Biology Open Access pdf 10.1111/gcb.17228

Articles/Reports from Agencies and Non-Governmental Organizations Addressing Aspects of Climate Change

Priority Climate Action Plans for States, MSAs, Tribes, and Territories , Various

Priority Climate Action Plans (PCAPs) were developed for each state, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), Tribe, and territory. The list will continue to be updated as the federal EPA receives PCAP submittals. Florida, Iowa, Kentucky, South Dakota, and Wyoming all declined to participate.

Connecting the dots. Local U.S. television coverage of extreme weather and climate change , The Nielsen Company and Climate Central

The authors analyzed local television news coverage of four recent extreme weather events that had notable impacts in the U.S. to understand when and how event-related coverage discussed climate change. The key findings include the following: when television segments with climate change context occur, they have high reach and impact; Audiences surged during extreme weather events; extreme heat was connected to climate change most often, reflecting the state of the science; climate-contextualized segments highlight hazardous impacts; and local news is a critical lever for raising science-based awareness about climate change.

Weathering the Storm: Supply Chain Chains and Climate Risk , Castro-Vincenzi et al., National Bureau of Economic Research

The authors characterize how firms structure supply chains under climate risk. Using new data on the universe of firm-to-firm transactions from an Indian state, the authors show that firms diversify sourcing locations, and suppliers exposed to climate risk charge lower prices. Their event-study analysis finds that firms with suppliers in flood-affected districts experience a decline in inputs lasting two months, followed by a return to original suppliers. They develop a general equilibrium model of firm input sourcing under climate risk. Firms diversify identical inputs from suppliers across space, trading off the probability of a climate shock against higher input costs. They quantify the model using data on 271 Indian districts, showing real wages vary across space and are correlated with geography and productivity. Wages are inversely correlated with sourcing risk, giving rise to a cost minimization-resilience tradeoff. Supply chain diversification unambiguously reduces real wage volatility, but ambiguously affects their levels, as diversification may come with higher input costs. While diversification helps mitigate climate risk, it exacerbates the distributional effects of climate change by reducing wages in regions prone to more frequent shocks.

National Climate Risk Assessment. First pass assessment report , Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Government of Australia

The authors aim to help governments, industry and communities prepare for, adapt to, and mitigate risks from a more challenging climate. Climate change poses a significant societal challenge with wide-reaching implications for all Australians. The frequency of climate impacts is on the rise, accompanied by evolving characteristics of extremes and hazards. The escalating risks, impacts, and associated losses require proactive preparation, management, and strategic investments in adaptation. It is imperative to safeguard Australian society, communities, and economy by understanding, and where possible, addressing these effects now. The Risk Assessment uses a phased approach with 3 key stages, drawing on international experience in understanding climate risks and undertaking risk assessments: A preliminary stage comprised of initial scoping of the physical risk assessment and the development of the Risk Assessment methods; The first pass assessment, which consisted of a rapid qualitative assessment to identify a list of nationally significant risks and a subset of these as priority risks. The outcomes of the first pass assessment are presented in this report; The second pass assessment is an in-depth analysis of priority risks using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The second pass assessment is currently underway.

How broadcast TV networks covered climate change in 2023 , Evlondo Cooper, Media Matters for America

2023 was the hottest year on record, and it was not even close. Testifying to this calamitous milestone were record-breaking extreme weather events and a record number of billion-dollar disasters — from searing heat waves to droughts, and torrential rains to raging wildfires and plumes of smoke. During this pivotal moment, however, corporate broadcast networks — ABC, CBS, NBC, and Fox Broadcasting Co. — scaled back their climate coverage by 25%, representing a marked decrease in 2023 from the improvements made in 2021 and 2022. The downturn in 2023 highlights the growing divide between the urgent demand for comprehensive climate reporting and the shrinking news media attention it receives.

Climate Scorpion – the sting is in the tail. Introducing planetary solvency , Trust et al., Institute and Faculty of Actuaries and the University of Exeter

The authors argue why and how the actuarial approach can be used for climate change. They begin by outlining how actuaries deal with extreme, ruinous risks, what this means for climate change, what is and is not known about the physical effects, tipping points, and social knock-on effects of climate change, and what actions can be taken to manage the risk. In particular, these actions include policy action to accelerate positive socio-economic tipping points such as the take-up of renewable energy. The authors argue that we should view climate risk as a problem of ‘Planetary Solvency’, understanding and managing risks to the long-term survival of global society. In short, we need to have a best guess about the worst-case and make policy on that basis.

Changing climates: the heat is (still) on , Banerjee et al., SwissRE

The world is getting warmer and natural hazards are becoming more intense, likely bringing higher economic losses in the future. Today, four major weather perils result in expected economic losses of USD $200 billion annually. With more severe weather coming, economic losses are set to rise. The author's analysis finds the Philippines to be most exposed to rising losses as hazards intensify, followed by the US. China and India, key economies for global growth, are among the least prepared.

Emerging Economies Climate Report 2023 , Anthesis Group, British International Investment

The 2023 results show a broad increase in the impacts of climate change relative to 2022. They show how climate change is becoming an increasingly significant concern for businesses and investors in emerging economies. They also highlight the difficult decisions climate change is presenting firms, as well as what they need to effectively manage climate risks and realize potential opportunities for the transition.

State of the Global Climate 2023 , Anzellini et al., World Meteorological Organization

Still Butchering the Planet: The big-name financiers bankrolling livestock corporations and climate change – 2024 update , Feedback

The authors map the global financial flows to the world’s largest 55 industrial livestock companies spanning the beef, dairy, pork, poultry, and animal feed sectors as an update to Feedback’s 2020 report, Butchering the Planet. These 55 companies, which represent approximately a fifth of global livestock slaughter, are some of the food system’s largest drivers of climate change, deforestation, human rights and labor violations, pandemic risks, and animal welfare abuses. Since the Paris Agreement was signed in 2015, over half a trillion dollars in credit have been provided to the world’s largest 55 industrial livestock companies – an average of $76.9 billion per year – fuelling the expansion of global meat and dairy production. As of March 2023, a total of $323.3 billion in shareholdings and bond holdings were held by private financial institutions in the world’s largest 55 big livestock companies. The expansion of meat and dairy production is completely at odds with the imperative to restrict global temperature rise to avert catastrophic climate change. Despite this, the analysis shows that finance for big livestock companies is on the rise. In the four years between 2019-22, there was an overall 15% increase in finance to the 55 big livestock companies compared to 2015-18.

For Our Future. Indigenous Resilience Report , Reed et al., Government of Canada

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Comments 1 to 2:

Regarding "Climate models can’t explain 2023’s huge heat anomaly — we could be in uncharted territory, Schmidt, Nature [perspective]:"

This is very concerning and perceptive.

This following article by Copernicus has a great review of the effects of aerosols, and some interesting ideas of what may have contributed to last years unusually high temperatures in the nothern atlantic in partcular:

"Aerosols: are SO2 emissions reductions contributing to global warming?"

https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/aerosols-are-so2-emissions-reductions-contributing-global-warming

In 2020, the International Maritime Organization adopted its ‘IMO 2020’ regulation to drastically reduce shipping-related sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions. Studies have concluded that the drop in emissions significantly reduced the formation of clouds over shipping lanes. An analysis by Carbon Brief estimated that that “the likely side-effect of the 2020 regulations to cut air pollution from shipping is to increase global temperatures by around 0.05C by 2050 (My note: Clearly this doesnt do much to explain the last 9 months unusual warming, and why would a change in 2020 shipping fuels that was implimented in that year, not slowly phased in, suddenly manifest 3 years later anyway? ). This is equivalent to approximately two additional years of emissions.” However, linking SO2 reductions directly to the recent extreme marine heatwaves omits part of the complexity of using models to calculate sulphate aerosol interactions in the atmosphere or estimating the effective application of the IMO 2020 regulation, and, more generally, the complexity of climate and atmospheric chemistry.

Reviewing the record North Atlantic Sea surface temperatures in June 2023, a preliminary analysis from CAMS scientists found a significant negative anomaly in Saharan dust aerosol transport over the tropical Atlantic Ocean, and an increased anomaly in biomass burning aerosol over the North Atlantic, coming from the massive Canadian wildfires. These aerosol anomalies are much bigger than the sulphate change from shipping emission reductions. This makes the estimation of the impact of reduced sulphate aerosol emissions on the sea surface temperatures very challenging.

June 2023 monthly mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) anomaly relative to June average AOD for the period 2003-2022 from the CAMS global reanalysis of atmospheric composition shows a negative anomaly related to reduced dust transport across the tropical North Atlantic (blue) and a positive anomaly related to smoke transport from Canadian wildfires over the extra-tropical North Atlantic (red). Base on non-validated data Credit: CAMS

The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) also suggested that, among other factors, the reduced winds of a weakened Azores anticyclone - an extensive wind system that spirals out from a centre of high atmospheric pressure - could have reduced the ocean-atmosphere exchange and the vertical mixing of the ocean between colder and warmer waters, as well as reducing Saharan dust transport over the Atlantic, all of which has the potential to increase the ocean surface temperature.

“There will be, no doubt, long-term impacts from the reduced SO2 emissions, but it will demand dedicated research to understand the impact of sulphur changes. The changes in dust or black carbon have a more tangible effect in the short term”, says Richard Engelen CAMS Deputy Director.

My comments: Of course this doesn't easily explain the unusually high levels of warming in the pacific. Next year will be revealing. It should be relatively cooler year on past patterns but if it isnt IMO it would suggest a step change in anthropogenic global warming. We know the climate is non linear and abrupt changes are possible. Will be interesting to see what BS the denialists will come up with to counter another unusually warm year.

NigelJ mentioned "extreme marine heatwaves"

Heatwave spikes in the each of the major ocean basin indices — Pacific (Nino 3.4), Atlantic (AMO), and Indian (IOD). These are additive in terms of a global anomaly.

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