origin name thesis

• How To Get Pregnant
• Infertility
• Pregnancy Week by Week
• Second Pregnancy
• Giving Birth
• Post Pregnancy
• Breastfeeding
• Development
• Browse Names
• Play & Activities
• Coloring Pages
• Food & Nutrition
• Health & Fitness
• Style & Beauty Care
• Collaborations
• New Parents
• Single Parenting
• Relationships
• Baby Eye Color Calculator
• Online Pregnancy Test
• Chinese Gender Predictor
• Implantation Calculator
• hCG Calculator
• Period Calculator
• ovulation calculator
• pregnancy due date calculator
• Child Height Predictor
• Pregnancy Weight Gain Calculator
• Breast Milk Calculator
• Child Growth Percentile Calculator
• Baby Cost Calculator
• BMI Calculator For Kids & Teens
• Contraction Calculator
• Immunization Scheduler and Chart
• C-Section Checklist
• Online Twin Pregnancy Quiz
• Numerology calculator
• Child Blood Type Calculator
• Nakshatra Calculator
• Diaper Bag Checklist
• Baby Name Combiner

Home • Baby Names

Angela is an honors student with a master's degree in Linguistics from The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad. She graduated with a bachelor’s degree in History from St. Stephen’s Col... more

Benidamika holds a masters degree in Counseling Psychology from Assam Don Bosco University and another masters degree in English Literature from North Eastern Hill University. At MomJunction, Benidami... more

MomJunction believes in providing reliable, research-backed information to you. As per our strong editorial policy requirements, we base our health articles on references (citations) taken from authority sites, international journals, and research studies. However, if you find any incongruencies, feel free to write to us .

In This Article

How to pronounce thesis, phonemic representation of thesis.

• Thesis Name's Presence On Social Media

Thesis’s Mention In Fictional Works

Names with similar sound as thesis, popular sibling names for thesis, other popular names beginning with t, names with similar meaning as thesis, names rhyming with thesis, anagram names of thesis, popular songs on the name thesis, acrostic poem on thesis, ‘thesis’ in qr code, adorable nicknames for thesis, thesis’s zodiac sign as per western astrology, thesis’s zodiac sign and birth star as per vedic astrology, thesis personality traits as per numerology.

• Infographic: Know The Name Thesis's Personality As Per Numerology

Thesis In Different Languages

Thesis in fancy fonts, adorable ‘thesis’ wallpapers to share, how to communicate the name thesis in sign languages, name numerology for thesis, baby name lists containing thesis, movie titles inspired by the name thesis, frequently asked questions, look up for many more names.

Connected with someone called Thesis? Send this page their way as a fun share!

The way you pronounce a name can make all the difference.

Listen to the sound of the name Thesis in English.

Phonemics is the study of a language’s distinctive sound units (phonemes), as standardized by the International Phonetics Association. When choosing a name for your baby, knowing its phonemic pronunciation gives an idea about the name’s sound pattern and auditory appeal. You can assess the name’s ease of pronunciation, memorability, and softness. Here is the phonemic transcription of Thesis in American and British accents.

• In American English: /ˈθiːsɪs/
• In British English: /ˈθiːsɪs/

Pronunciation of names, in fact, any spoken word, involves the participation of various parts of the mouth, vocal cord, nose, and lungs. Underneath all the sounds we make is the airstream flowing from the lungs and moving up to the mouth. It’s incredible how lips, tongue, teeth, alveolar ridge, palate, glottis, and larynx work harmoniously to bring out the words. Studies have proved that positive sounds like OM (AUM) help maintain hormonal balance and mental health and reduce stress and anxiety. So, what parts does Thesis trigger? Find the details here; the sound of Thesis might bring in more positive vibes into your life!

Thesis Name’s Presence On Social Media

Before you finalize your baby’s name, you would want to assess if the name is rare or popular. Digital footprint of the name - it’s presence on the internet and social media platforms - can provide you with valuable insights on it’s popularity. A name’s online presence is an important metric for new parents to evaluate their options and make an informed choice. How many people are searching the name on Google, how many profiles are there on Facebook, does the name have a Wikipedia page? Such information surely tells you if the name is ubiquitous or unique. Here is how Thesis fares on that count.

Monthly global searches on Google

In this section, know how the creative minds have treated the name Thesis in their fictional works. How often has the name been woven into the storylines, and how popular was the character – these details may not directly influence your naming decision, but you would like to know about Thesis’s performance in the world of entertainment, won’t you? Moreover, it could be the name of the character from a movie or series you loved or binge-watched recently! So, check out Thesis’s performance in the fictional cosmos.

If you liked the sound of Thesis but searching for a name with a different meaning, you may find that right one from our similar-sounding names.

If you are looking for some matching sibling names that resonate with Thesis, check our suggestions here.

Boy Sibling Names For Thesis

Find matching brother names for Thesis and create a wonderful team of siblings.

Girl Sibling Names For Thesis

Looking for some suitable sister names for Thesis? Check out our collection of beautiful and unique names.

Looking for more baby names starting with the letter T to resonate with your family’s naming tradition or to rhyme with the sibling names? Find a range of alternative names starting with this letter.

Discover names synonymous with Thesis’s meaning. Explore alternatives, each with a unique charm but that mirrors the meaning.

The significance of rhyming names extends beyond their aesthetic appeal and a good feel. The repetition and symmetry enhance their memorability. If you want your children’s names to be easily remembered or tune with your name, try some rhyming names. Here are such names that rhyme with Thesis.

William Shakespeare is known for his ‘onomastic wit,’ with anagrams being one of them (remember the play Twelfth Night?). Anagram is the rearrangement of the same letters to form different words. Anagramming names has been in vogue for centuries now, and why not when it can create some cute names? Anagram baby names stand out with their unique sound and spellings. You may try an anagram of your name or your partner’s; even better if you combine both names and then try an anagram for the baby. It all stays in the family this way. You may also try anagram names for siblings, especially twins. Here are some anagrams of Thesis.

Thesis has a lyrical presence in various songs. Check them out here.

Dive into the lyrical charm of the name Thesis with this acrostic poem. Witness how each letter paints together a story, capturing the name’s individuality, strength, vitality, and sophistication. Inspiring, is it? Why not try a similar poem that describes what you think of your baby’s personality?

Talented and skillful, a master of your own destiny.

Humble heart, showing no trace of pride.

Everything refined is how you can be defined.

Sharp mind that sparkles with creativity, shining brilliantly.

In the quiet of the night, you are a burst of starlight.

Sunny and cheerful, making the atmosphere delightful.

Here's a unique feature for the modern, tech-savvy, and curious parents – have your baby's name in a QR code. If you want your close circle to know your newborn's name, all you need to do is simply scan and share it. The code not only shows the name but its meaning as well; this means you don't have to painfully explain the meaning of your baby's name anymore! So, go ahead. Download, save, and share it with your family and friends, or use it to create personalized keepsakes for your little one.

Nicknames are an integral part of your communication with your baby. You tend to use several variations of your child’s name; some are meaningful, while others are simply adorable sounds. Here are a few nicknames you can begin with for the name Thesis.

Western astrology includes the construction of a horoscope based on the person’s exact time of birth and location to understand the positions of the planet, stars, and zodiac signs at that time. However, in popular culture, it is often narrowed down to the sun sign, which depends on the person’s birth date.There are 12 zodiac signs, each having dominant traits, planetary rulers, elemental connection, and more.

Zodiac sign or Sun sign

The Earth’s orbit around the sun is divided into 12 zodiac signs covering 30-degree sectors. According to Western astrology, the zodiac or sun sign depends on the sun’s position in one of these sectors at the time of your birth. Starting from the sun’s position at the March equinox, the chart goes anti-clockwise from Aries, followed by Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces. These signs are ruled by planetary bodies - Mars, Venus, Mercury, Moon, Sun, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Furthermore, they are categorized into triplicities or elemental signs - fire, water, air, and earth - that govern their characteristics. Each of these zodiac signs features certain personality traits that may determine how a person presents themselves.

Why the date of birth matters

Each zodiac sign in Western astrology is linked to a specific range of dates in the year. Unlike Vedic astrology, where names can sometimes be used to infer astrological details, Western astrology relies entirely on the birth date.

To know more about your baby’s zodiac sign, choose the period in which your baby’s date of birth falls, from the options given below. This will give you a glimpse into the world of astrology tailored for your baby.

Select your baby’s birthdate range

• Mar 21 – Apr 19
• Apr 20 – May 20
• May 21 – Jun 20
• Jun 21 – Jul 22
• Jul 23 – Aug 22
• Aug 23 – Sep 22
• Sep 23 – Oct 22
• Oct 23 – Nov 21
• Nov 22 – Dec 21
• Dec 22 – Jan 19
• Jan 20 – Feb 18
• Feb 19 – Mar 20

Vedic astrology, also called Jyotisha, provides deep insights into a person’s life based on celestial positions at birth. Rashi and nakshatra, which are an integral part of Jyotisha, are believed to influence an individual’s personality and life events. The following sections give you rashi-related information, such as the associated letters, elements, ruling body, quality, and nakshatra for the name Thesis. These details help analyze a person’s characteristics, personality, and behavior.

Zodiac Sign (Rashi)

As shown in the following table, each rashi is associated with specific sounds, which are often used as the starting letters of names for newborns in Hindu families. Each rashi is represented by a figure and one of the five elements – Earth, Water, Fire, Air, and Ether (Space). One ruling celestial body, known as its 'rashi lord' or 'ruler' is assigned to these rashis. These bodies include Venus, Mars, Sun, Moon, Mercury, Jupiter, and Saturn. Furthermore, the rashis are assigned various qualities or gunas.

Birth Star (Nakshatra)

Another important aspect of Vedic Astrology is the nakshatras, the lunar constellations or star clusters that the Moon occupies during a person's birth. There are 27 nakshatras, each with its own unique qualities, attributes, and symbolism. Each rashi contains two-and-one-fourth nakshatras in it. For example, Aries contains Ashwini, Bharani, and Krithika nakshatras.

The below table provides information on the nakshatras’ degrees on the zodiac circle, their lords and related syllables, for babies born in the Meena (Pisces) rashi. These syllables/phonetics are popularly used to choose the baby name. For precise nakshatra calculation based on your baby's birthplace and date, use our Nakshatra Calculator .

The numerology belief system envisages a relationship between a name and numbers. The related numbers are believed to give insights into a person’s character. We have researched this area to connect the numerology-based characteristic traits to the letters of the English alphabet. And the results are fascinating.

Numerology followers believe that each letter signifies attributes that can influence a person’s attitude and approach. Among these placements, the most significant are the first letter (Cornerstone) and the last letter (Capstone) of a name. Cornerstone highlights your primary personality traits and explains how you face challenges and opportunities in life. Capstone can tell you about your approach to work and how you complete them. Often, a letter may be repeated twice or more in a name. This repetition signifies the intensification or amplification of the traits associated with the letter in an individual’s personality.

Read to know what characteristics the name Thesis is known for in numerology. Here we have avoided repetition of letters and added them just once for a better reading experience.

T You are assertive, positive, and balanced. Your sensitive side helps you build valuable partnerships..

H You may be suitable for financial, legal, and public work. However, a repetition of these letters more than seven times can indicate frivolity.

E You may be suitable for financial, legal, and public work. However, a repetition of these letters more than seven times can indicate frivolity.

S You are talented, expressive, and imaginative. You have a magnetic personality and enjoy artistic pursuits.

I You are ambitious, brave, and independent. You tend to be dominating and seek power and status.

S You approach work cleverly, but your emotional side can impact the results. So, take your time and think critically before you start.

Infographic: Know The Name Thesis‘s Personality As Per Numerology

Illustration: Momjunction Design Team

Get the high-quality PDF version of this infographic.

It’s exciting to see our baby’s name spelled and written in various languages. See how people spell Thesis in Spanish, French, German, Italian, and more! Each language has its own way of saying Thesis, but it’s still the same special name. Learn how the name looks and sounds in different languages around the world!

Visualize your little one’s name in different captivating fonts. You can use these fancy styles on birth announcement cards, nursery decorations, personalized gifts, to name a few. Select the perfect font from these options for a touch of personalization.

Liked our fancy fonts for Thesis? Why not go a step forward with these beautiful posters? They are perfect to download and use as display pictures or social media posts! You may also use them as part of decorating your child’s room. These personalized wallpapers celebrate the positive vibes of the name, offering a unique way to show how much this name means to you. What’s more! You have multiple options here to choose depending on your mood or occasion.

Thesis 3D Wallpaper

Illustration: MomJunction Design Team

Thesis Birthday Wallpaper

‘i love thesis’ wallpaper, stylish thesis wallpaper, thesis name initial wallpaper, in nautical flags, in sign language, in braille alphabet, in morse code.

01010100 01101000 01100101 01110011 01101001 01110011

Numerology is an occult system that gives significance to numbers and their influence on human life and destiny. Numerologists attribute specific qualities, energies, and characteristics to a number. Parents who believe in numerology prefer to choose baby names that resonate positively with the child’s unique numerical vibrations, often derived from their date of birth. Here we give a general birth number and personality traits of the name Thesis, based on the Pythagorean (Western) system. This analysis will differ from child to child based on their date of birth. You may use our numerology calculator for more personalized information.

Endorsed by

The name you give a child at birth is like their numerological DNA - it is a blueprint of who they are, their talents and character traits, their likes and dislikes, and much more. So choose carefully and, if possible, consider an ancestral name, especially one that belonged to an ancestor who did well and lived a good life. But consult a numerologist for more insight and perhaps a little fine-tuning by changing a letter or adding a middle name.

Read through our baby name lists that include the name Thesis and several other similar names. The wider the choice, the better your selection. Isn't it?

• Baby Unisex Names With Meanings ›
• Baby Unisex Names That Start With Letter T ›
• Greek Baby Names With Meanings ›
• Greek Baby Names Starting With Letter T ›
• Christianity Baby Names With Meanings ›
• Christianity Baby Names Starting With Letter T ›

Discover the presence of Thesis in an array of films. Know about the various movies that have this name.

1. What is the meaning of the name Thesis?

The name Thesis means a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved.

2. What is the origin of the name Thesis?

Thesis has a Greek origin.

3. How to pronounce the name Thesis?

Thesis is pronounced as thee-sis.

• Thesis (N.) https://www.etymonline.com/word/thesis
• Astrology, Hermes (2023); Astrology for Beginners. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370635414_Astrology_for_Beginners
• Shirley Lawrence; The Secret Science of Numerology: The Hidden Meaning of Numbers and Letters. https://www.academia.edu/97492675/The_Secret_Science_of_Numerology_The_Hidden_Meaning_of_Numbers_and_Letters_Shirley_Lawrence&nav_from=a3c5c3fd-555f-4584-b66d-4a3c8023402e&rw_pos=0
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia; “zodiac”; Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/zodiac
• P.V.R. Narasimha Rao; Vedic Astrology: An Integrated Approach. https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf
• Paulo Martins; A Concise History of Hindu Astrology and Indian Spirituality; Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences. https://www.saspublishers.com/media/articles/SJAHSS_112_33-36_FT_MAEgJAB.pdf
• International Phonetic Association. https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/
• Adam Szczegielniak; Phonetics: The Sounds of Language; Harvard University. https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/adam/files/phonetics.ppt.pdf
• Lalita K. Wani et al; Review of Scientific Analysis Of Sacred Sound OM (AUM); Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), Novermber 2020. https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2011207.pdf

Do you have a name in mind and want to know more about it? Or want to find names belonging to a particular origin, religion, or having a specific meaning? Use our search tool below to explore more baby names with different combinations.

• Fact-checker

Angela Alex MA

Benidamika j latam ma, msc, latest articles, top 40 ‘eight letter’ names for your baby, 347 most beautiful muslim girl names with meanings, 75 most amazing baby names that mean hope and faith, 55 most popular chilean baby names for girls and boys, 100 western-sounding indian names that are easy to pronounce, 150 cute and popular hipster baby names for boys and girls, 150+ top surnames or last names that start with y, 64 diverse aboriginal australian names for boys and girls, zahari name meaning, origin, history, and popularity, janny name meaning, origin, history, and popularity, saumitra name meaning, origin, history, and popularity, johanny name meaning, origin, history, and popularity, my favourites.

legendary hero-king of Athens; the name is of uncertain origin. Related: Thesean . His temple in Athens was the Theseion or Theseum .

Trends of Theseus

More to explore, share theseus.

updated on March 20, 2024

Trending words

• 2 . indigenous
• 5 . sacrifice
• 8 . alexander
• 10 . library

Dictionary entries near Theseus

• English (English)
• 简体中文 (Chinese)
• Deutsch (German)
• Español (Spanish)
• Français (French)
• Italiano (Italian)
• 日本語 (Japanese)
• 한국어 (Korean)
• Português (Portuguese)
• 繁體中文 (Chinese)

• Dictionaries home
• American English
• Collocations
• German-English
• Grammar home
• Practical English Usage
• Learn & Practise Grammar (Beta)
• Word Lists home
• My Word Lists
• Recent additions
• Resources home
• Text Checker

Definition of thesis noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

• Students must submit a thesis on an agreed subject within four years.
• He presented this thesis for his PhD.
• a thesis for a master's degree
• He's doing a doctoral thesis on the early works of Shostakovich.
• Many departments require their students to do a thesis defense.
• She completed an MSc by thesis.
• her thesis adviser at MIT
• in a/​the thesis
• thesis about

Definitions on the go

Look up any word in the dictionary offline, anytime, anywhere with the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary app.

Name of the Day

Popular names, popularity visualizations, popular features.

• More from M-W
• To save this word, you'll need to log in. Log In

Definition of thesis

Did you know.

In high school, college, or graduate school, students often have to write a thesis on a topic in their major field of study. In many fields, a final thesis is the biggest challenge involved in getting a master's degree, and the same is true for students studying for a Ph.D. (a Ph.D. thesis is often called a dissertation ). But a thesis may also be an idea; so in the course of the paper the student may put forth several theses (notice the plural form) and attempt to prove them.

Examples of thesis in a Sentence

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'thesis.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

in sense 3, Middle English, lowering of the voice, from Late Latin & Greek; Late Latin, from Greek, downbeat, more important part of a foot, literally, act of laying down; in other senses, Latin, from Greek, literally, act of laying down, from tithenai to put, lay down — more at do

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 3a(1)

Dictionary Entries Near thesis

the sins of the fathers are visited upon the children

thesis novel

Cite this Entry

“Thesis.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thesis. Accessed 17 Apr. 2024.

Kids Definition

Kids definition of thesis, more from merriam-webster on thesis.

Nglish: Translation of thesis for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of thesis for Arabic Speakers

Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about thesis

Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free!

Can you solve 4 words at once?

Word of the day, circumlocution.

See Definitions and Examples »

Get Word of the Day daily email!

Popular in Grammar & Usage

Your vs. you're: how to use them correctly, every letter is silent, sometimes: a-z list of examples, more commonly mispronounced words, how to use em dashes (—), en dashes (–) , and hyphens (-), absent letters that are heard anyway, popular in wordplay, a great big list of bread words, the words of the week - apr. 12, 10 scrabble words without any vowels, 12 more bird names that sound like insults (and sometimes are), 9 superb owl words, games & quizzes.

Have a language expert improve your writing

Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free.

• Knowledge Base
• How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

Published on January 11, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on August 15, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . It usually comes near the end of your introduction .

Your thesis will look a bit different depending on the type of essay you’re writing. But the thesis statement should always clearly state the main idea you want to get across. Everything else in your essay should relate back to this idea.

You can write your thesis statement by following four simple steps:

• Start with a question
• Write your initial answer
• Develop your answer
• Refine your thesis statement

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

Upload your document to correct all your mistakes in minutes

Table of contents

What is a thesis statement, placement of the thesis statement, step 1: start with a question, step 2: write your initial answer, step 3: develop your answer, step 4: refine your thesis statement, types of thesis statements, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis statements.

A thesis statement summarizes the central points of your essay. It is a signpost telling the reader what the essay will argue and why.

The best thesis statements are:

• Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don’t use more words than necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two sentences.
• Contentious: Your thesis shouldn’t be a simple statement of fact that everyone already knows. A good thesis statement is a claim that requires further evidence or analysis to back it up.
• Coherent: Everything mentioned in your thesis statement must be supported and explained in the rest of your paper.

Receive feedback on language, structure, and formatting

Professional editors proofread and edit your paper by focusing on:

• Academic style
• Vague sentences
• Style consistency

See an example

The thesis statement generally appears at the end of your essay introduction or research paper introduction .

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning environment for both students and teachers.

You should come up with an initial thesis, sometimes called a working thesis , early in the writing process . As soon as you’ve decided on your essay topic , you need to work out what you want to say about it—a clear thesis will give your essay direction and structure.

You might already have a question in your assignment, but if not, try to come up with your own. What would you like to find out or decide about your topic?

For example, you might ask:

After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process .

Here's why students love Scribbr's proofreading services

Discover proofreading & editing

Now you need to consider why this is your answer and how you will convince your reader to agree with you. As you read more about your topic and begin writing, your answer should get more detailed.

In your essay about the internet and education, the thesis states your position and sketches out the key arguments you’ll use to support it.

The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education because it facilitates easier access to information.

In your essay about braille, the thesis statement summarizes the key historical development that you’ll explain.

The invention of braille in the 19th century transformed the lives of blind people, allowing them to participate more actively in public life.

A strong thesis statement should tell the reader:

• Why you hold this position
• What they’ll learn from your essay
• The key points of your argument or narrative

The final thesis statement doesn’t just state your position, but summarizes your overall argument or the entire topic you’re going to explain. To strengthen a weak thesis statement, it can help to consider the broader context of your topic.

These examples are more specific and show that you’ll explore your topic in depth.

Your thesis statement should match the goals of your essay, which vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing:

• In an argumentative essay , your thesis statement should take a strong position. Your aim in the essay is to convince your reader of this thesis based on evidence and logical reasoning.
• In an expository essay , you’ll aim to explain the facts of a topic or process. Your thesis statement doesn’t have to include a strong opinion in this case, but it should clearly state the central point you want to make, and mention the key elements you’ll explain.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
• Post hoc fallacy
• Appeal to authority fallacy
• False cause fallacy
• Sunk cost fallacy

College essays

• Choosing Essay Topic
• Write a College Essay
• Write a Diversity Essay
• College Essay Format & Structure
• Comparing and Contrasting in an Essay

 (AI) Tools

• Grammar Checker
• Paraphrasing Tool
• Text Summarizer
• AI Detector
• Plagiarism Checker
• Citation Generator

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

Follow these four steps to come up with a thesis statement :

• Ask a question about your topic .
• Write your initial answer.
• Develop your answer by including reasons.
• Refine your answer, adding more detail and nuance.

The thesis statement should be placed at the end of your essay introduction .

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

McCombes, S. (2023, August 15). How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved April 16, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/thesis-statement/

Is this article helpful?

Shona McCombes

Other students also liked, how to write an essay introduction | 4 steps & examples, how to write topic sentences | 4 steps, examples & purpose, academic paragraph structure | step-by-step guide & examples, what is your plagiarism score.

Thesis Name Meaning: What Makes It Stand Out

The name Thesis evokes cheerfulness, expectation and honesty.

Letter Analysis

Life Lesson & Challenge: In the case of the name Thesis, since the first vowel is 'E', the life lesson has to do with this person taking better care of their own ways to motivate themselves, whilst the life challenge deals with fighting to achieve social status.

Spirituality Charge: Impressive

Name Numerology

Thesis Name Numerology: 8

Blessed Careers: Business Services, Computing, Medical Services or similar.

Name Number 8 Qualities

Love Aspects of Name Number 8

Name Compatibility

The name Thesis is suitable for first names with either of the initials P, X & C, but at the same time, is not well placed next to last names beginning with Z, F & R.

Letter & Numerology Insights

The Cornerstone: T

The Capstone: S

Entourage Insight

This name attracts people who appreciate willpower and elegance, also, one should avoid people who are melodramatic and backstabbing.

Name Vibration

On the consciousness scale, the name Thesis echoes the emotional energy of Desire.

Thesis Name Symbols

Name Color: Pink

Lucky numbers

Odd or Even Year?

Lucky Weekday: Monday

Favorable Month: May

Lucky Gemstone: Emerald

Animal Spirit: Owl

Plant Spirit: Bird of paradise flower

Sign Language

Eida Goodman

There's more..., destiny number meaning: what it means for your life, life path numerology: discover the invisible forces in your life, name numerology: the personality meaning of each letter, the life path numbers in romance: what kind of lover are you.

Advertisement

On the origin of theses

By Peter Hall

14 October 1995

IN THE mid-1970s, when I was a postdoc at Michigan State University, I became fascinated by a large wall chart displayed in the foyer of the chemistry building. It showed the academic “family trees” of all faculty members, based on the chain of supervision of doctoral research. Such charts lead back from each newly fledged PhD to his or her professor or research supervisor, and so on back through history. Many of the older names on the chart were distinguished: some associated with famous scientific laws or major discoveries, or trailblazing work in one or more of the branches of chemistry or physics.

A few years after I left Michigan, I spent a few rainy lunchtimes in the University of Birmingham’s library working out my own chart. Most research scientists will know the more recent links in their academic genealogy, often from their supervisor. Earlier links may be established simply by asking people further up the chain. To dig much beyond this, requires a fairly challenging literature search.

Some principles can guide you. Suppose you want to know when and where Paul Pioneer obtained his PhD. You can search through some appropriate database to find Pioneer’s earliest publications. The chances are that at least one of these will be based on the research for his thesis, probably one fairly close in date. According to convention, this research paper will usually have been co-authored by Pioneer’s supervisor, Olga Oldtimer, and it should cite the full details of the thesis. The appropriate university department should be able to confirm these details and the identity of Pioneer’s supervisor and when she or he was a member of staff. You are now armed with the essential information for the next phase of your search, through even older and dustier journals, seeking out the dissertation of Oldtimer.

Not everyone will find this fun, but it can be rewarding. Actually, I was lucky and didn’t need to trace theses via individual universities. In my academic family tree, my supervisor and my “great grandfather” were separated by a relatively short time. The latter and his supervisor were both still alive and sufficiently eminent to list their careers in some detail in Who’s Who. Their own predecessors were all famous enough to be featured in the 16-volume Dictionary of Scientific Biography (Scribner’s, New York). Having traced my ancestry back this far, it was quite a simple task to complete my entire chart, which contained some eminent pioneers of physics and physical chemistry. The trail may end, as mine did, back in times when people took classics as their main degrees and only turned to science later in life as a hobby.

The subject matter of the doctoral theses in the chain evolved in an interesting way. The four most recent doctorates (including my own) were awarded for work using electron spin resonance. Evgeny Zavoisky discovered ESR in 1945 while he was working on radar at Kazan State University in the USSR. However, a number of groups including researchers at the University of Oxford, were also looking for the effect because the Dutch physicists George Uhlenbeck and Samuel Goudsmit had predicted it in the 1920s.

Brebis Bleaney, a leading light in the famous ESR group working at the University of Oxford just after the Second World War, did his thesis work on low-temperature physics in 1939 under Franz (Francis) Simon. Simon pioneered a technique for achieving ultra-low temperatures by exploiting a transition between a disordered state and the order imposed by an applied magnetic field, similar to the change of state in a fridge’s vapour cycle.

Simon had moved to the University of Oxford from the University of Breslau a few years earlier, shortly after Hitler’s rise to power. He had obtained his doctorate in Berlin in 1921 under Walther Nernst for work related to the third law of thermodynamics. The law had been discovered by Nernst, who had won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry the previous year. Nernst’s other well-known contributions to science include our modern understanding of electrolyte solutions and the specific heats of materials at low temperatures.

Nernst’s supervisor had been Friedrich Kohlrausch, another name intimately associated with electrochemistry, whose extensive work demonstrated that in dilute electrolytes the cations and anions moved independently and in opposite directions under the influence of an electric field. Kohlrausch himself obtained his doctorate under Wilhelm Weber in 1863 at the University of Göttingen in Germany.

Weber, whose name has been immortalised in the units of magnetic flux, worked extensively with the even more famous German polymath Karl Gauss. Among his achievements, Weber demonstrated that the electromagnetic and electrostatic units of electric charge were related by the velocity of light. This was a clue which assisted the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell to formulate the equations of electromagnetic fields. Weber explanation of metallic conduction in terms of mobile negative charges balanced by static positive charges anticipated by decades both the Rutherford-Bohr picture of the atom and the electron band theory of metals.

In looking at my academic family tree, there is a notable difference between the earlier part (19th or early 20th-century Germany) and the later part (Britain from 1939 onwards). In the earlier part, four scientific generations span 121 years, averaging just over 30 years a generation, while in the later part these figures come down to just 34 and 8.5 years respectively. This shortening, consistent with the acceleration of scientific progress, is due to a drop in the mean age of the supervisor at the time of completion of the student’s research, from 52 to approximately 35 years.

It is, of course, far too small a sample from which to draw any firm conclusions. If similar trends were found elsewhere, however, there could be two possible explanations. First, that these days a greater number of younger academics supervise PhD students, whereas formerly a relatively small number of students tended to be concentrated in the research groups of senior professors. Secondly, the mean age of academics has decreased since the end of the Second World War.

If the second is true, is this because more junior (new-blood) posts have been created, or because there has been a relative depletion in the number of senior academics still actively supervising students, for example because of moves into administration, industry, or early retirement?

I suspect that many scientists have more than a sneaking interest in their academic ancestors. I’d be pleased to hear from any other scientific genealogists who may be out there. Perhaps we can form our own society with its own acronym and newsletter. Anyway, happy searching.

Sign up to our weekly newsletter

Receive a weekly dose of discovery in your inbox! We'll also keep you up to date with New Scientist events and special offers.

More from New Scientist

Explore the latest news, articles and features

Turning plants blue with gene editing could make robot weeding easier

Intel reveals world's biggest 'brain-inspired' neuromorphic computer, a new understanding of tinnitus and deafness could help reverse both.

Subscriber-only

A cicada double brood is coming – it's less rare than you think

Popular articles.

Trending New Scientist articles

Words and phrases

Personal account.

• Access or purchase personal subscriptions
• Get our newsletter
• Save searches
• Set display preferences

Institutional access

Sign in with library card

Sign in with username / password

Recommend to your librarian

Institutional account management

Sign in as administrator on Oxford Academic

thesis noun

• Hide all quotations

What does the noun thesis mean?

There are eight meanings listed in OED's entry for the noun thesis . See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.

thesis has developed meanings and uses in subjects including

Entry status

OED is undergoing a continuous programme of revision to modernize and improve definitions. This entry has not yet been fully revised.

How common is the noun thesis ?

How is the noun thesis pronounced, british english, u.s. english, where does the noun thesis come from.

Earliest known use

Middle English

The earliest known use of the noun thesis is in the Middle English period (1150—1500).

OED's earliest evidence for thesis is from before 1398, in a translation by John Trevisa, translator.

thesis is a borrowing from Greek.

Etymons: Greek θέσις .

Nearby entries

• thesaurus, n. 1823–
• thesaury, n. a1639–1708
• these, n. a1600–48
• these, pron. & adj. Old English–
• Thesean, adj. 1815–
• Theseid, n. 1725–
• Theseium, n. 1819–
• these-like, adj. 1644–
• thesial, adj. 1654
• thesicle, n. 1863–
• thesis, n. a1398–
• thesis-novel, n. 1934–
• thesis-play, n. 1902–
• thesmophilist, n. 1644–
• Thesmophorian, adj. 1891–
• Thesmophoric, adj. 1788–
• thesmothete, n. 1603–
• thesocyte, n. 1887–
• thesp, n. 1962–
• Thespian, adj. & n. 1675–
• Thespianism, n. 1914–

Thank you for visiting Oxford English Dictionary

To continue reading, please sign in below or purchase a subscription. After purchasing, please sign in below to access the content.

Meaning & use

Pronunciation, compounds & derived words, entry history for thesis, n..

thesis, n. was first published in 1912; not yet revised.

thesis, n. was last modified in March 2024.

Revision of the OED is a long-term project. Entries in oed.com which have not been revised may include:

• corrections and revisions to definitions, pronunciation, etymology, headwords, variant spellings, quotations, and dates;
• new senses, phrases, and quotations which have been added in subsequent print and online updates.

Revisions and additions of this kind were last incorporated into thesis, n. in March 2024.

Earlier versions of this entry were published in:

OED First Edition (1912)

• Find out more

OED Second Edition (1989)

• View thesis in OED Second Edition

Please submit your feedback for thesis, n.

Please include your email address if you are happy to be contacted about your feedback. OUP will not use this email address for any other purpose.

Citation details

Factsheet for thesis, n., browse entry.

• Cambridge Dictionary +Plus

Meaning of thesis in English

Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio

• I wrote my thesis on literacy strategies for boys .
• Her main thesis is that children need a lot of verbal stimulation .
• boilerplate
• composition
• dissertation
• essay question
• peer review

You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:

thesis | Intermediate English

Examples of thesis, collocations with thesis.

These are words often used in combination with thesis .

Click on a collocation to see more examples of it.

Translations of thesis

Get a quick, free translation!

Word of the Day

balancing act

a difficult situation in which someone has to try to give equal amounts of importance, time, attention, etc. to two or more different things at the same time

Binding, nailing, and gluing: talking about fastening things together

Learn more with +Plus

• Recent and Recommended {{#preferredDictionaries}} {{name}} {{/preferredDictionaries}}
• Definitions Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English English Learner’s Dictionary Essential British English Essential American English
• Grammar and thesaurus Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English Grammar Thesaurus
• Pronunciation British and American pronunciations with audio English Pronunciation
• English–Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Simplified)–English
• English–Chinese (Traditional) Chinese (Traditional)–English
• English–Dutch Dutch–English
• English–French French–English
• English–German German–English
• English–Indonesian Indonesian–English
• English–Italian Italian–English
• English–Japanese Japanese–English
• English–Norwegian Norwegian–English
• English–Polish Polish–English
• English–Portuguese Portuguese–English
• English–Spanish Spanish–English
• English–Swedish Swedish–English
• Dictionary +Plus Word Lists
• English    Noun
• Intermediate    Noun
• Collocations
• Translations
• All translations

Add thesis to one of your lists below, or create a new one.

{{message}}

Something went wrong.

There was a problem sending your report.

• Resources Home 🏠
• Try SciSpace Copilot
• Search research papers
• Add Copilot Extension
• Try AI Detector
• Try Paraphraser
• Try Citation Generator
• April Papers
• June Papers
• July Papers

What is a thesis | A Complete Guide with Examples

Table of Contents

A thesis is a comprehensive academic paper based on your original research that presents new findings, arguments, and ideas of your study. It’s typically submitted at the end of your master’s degree or as a capstone of your bachelor’s degree.

However, writing a thesis can be laborious, especially for beginners. From the initial challenge of pinpointing a compelling research topic to organizing and presenting findings, the process is filled with potential pitfalls.

Therefore, to help you, this guide talks about what is a thesis. Additionally, it offers revelations and methodologies to transform it from an overwhelming task to a manageable and rewarding academic milestone.

What is a thesis?

A thesis is an in-depth research study that identifies a particular topic of inquiry and presents a clear argument or perspective about that topic using evidence and logic.

Writing a thesis showcases your ability of critical thinking, gathering evidence, and making a compelling argument. Integral to these competencies is thorough research, which not only fortifies your propositions but also confers credibility to your entire study.

Furthermore, there's another phenomenon you might often confuse with the thesis: the ' working thesis .' However, they aren't similar and shouldn't be used interchangeably.

A working thesis, often referred to as a preliminary or tentative thesis, is an initial version of your thesis statement. It serves as a draft or a starting point that guides your research in its early stages.

As you research more and gather more evidence, your initial thesis (aka working thesis) might change. It's like a starting point that can be adjusted as you learn more. It's normal for your main topic to change a few times before you finalize it.

While a thesis identifies and provides an overarching argument, the key to clearly communicating the central point of that argument lies in writing a strong thesis statement.

What is a thesis statement?

A strong thesis statement (aka thesis sentence) is a concise summary of the main argument or claim of the paper. It serves as a critical anchor in any academic work, succinctly encapsulating the primary argument or main idea of the entire paper.

Typically found within the introductory section, a strong thesis statement acts as a roadmap of your thesis, directing readers through your arguments and findings. By delineating the core focus of your investigation, it offers readers an immediate understanding of the context and the gravity of your study.

Furthermore, an effectively crafted thesis statement can set forth the boundaries of your research, helping readers anticipate the specific areas of inquiry you are addressing.

Different types of thesis statements

A good thesis statement is clear, specific, and arguable. Therefore, it is necessary for you to choose the right type of thesis statement for your academic papers.

Thesis statements can be classified based on their purpose and structure. Here are the primary types of thesis statements:

Argumentative (or Persuasive) thesis statement

Purpose : To convince the reader of a particular stance or point of view by presenting evidence and formulating a compelling argument.

Example : Reducing plastic use in daily life is essential for environmental health.

Analytical thesis statement

Purpose : To break down an idea or issue into its components and evaluate it.

Example : By examining the long-term effects, social implications, and economic impact of climate change, it becomes evident that immediate global action is necessary.

Expository (or Descriptive) thesis statement

Purpose : To explain a topic or subject to the reader.

Example : The Great Depression, spanning the 1930s, was a severe worldwide economic downturn triggered by a stock market crash, bank failures, and reduced consumer spending.

Cause and effect thesis statement

Purpose : To demonstrate a cause and its resulting effect.

Example : Overuse of smartphones can lead to impaired sleep patterns, reduced face-to-face social interactions, and increased levels of anxiety.

Compare and contrast thesis statement

Purpose : To highlight similarities and differences between two subjects.

Example : "While both novels '1984' and 'Brave New World' delve into dystopian futures, they differ in their portrayal of individual freedom, societal control, and the role of technology."

When you write a thesis statement , it's important to ensure clarity and precision, so the reader immediately understands the central focus of your work.

What is the difference between a thesis and a thesis statement?

While both terms are frequently used interchangeably, they have distinct meanings.

A thesis refers to the entire research document, encompassing all its chapters and sections. In contrast, a thesis statement is a brief assertion that encapsulates the central argument of the research.

Here’s an in-depth differentiation table of a thesis and a thesis statement.

Now, to craft a compelling thesis, it's crucial to adhere to a specific structure. Let’s break down these essential components that make up a thesis structure

15 components of a thesis structure

Navigating a thesis can be daunting. However, understanding its structure can make the process more manageable.

Here are the key components or different sections of a thesis structure:

Your thesis begins with the title page. It's not just a formality but the gateway to your research.

Here, you'll prominently display the necessary information about you (the author) and your institutional details.

• Title of your thesis
• Your full name
• Your department
• Your institution and degree program
• Your submission date
• Your Supervisor's name (in some cases)
• Your Department or faculty (in some cases)
• Your University's logo (in some cases)
• Your Student ID (in some cases)

In a concise manner, you'll have to summarize the critical aspects of your research in typically no more than 200-300 words.

This includes the problem statement, methodology, key findings, and conclusions. For many, the abstract will determine if they delve deeper into your work, so ensure it's clear and compelling.

Acknowledgments

Research is rarely a solitary endeavor. In the acknowledgments section, you have the chance to express gratitude to those who've supported your journey.

This might include advisors, peers, institutions, or even personal sources of inspiration and support. It's a personal touch, reflecting the humanity behind the academic rigor.

Table of contents

A roadmap for your readers, the table of contents lists the chapters, sections, and subsections of your thesis.

By providing page numbers, you allow readers to navigate your work easily, jumping to sections that pique their interest.

List of figures and tables

Research often involves data, and presenting this data visually can enhance understanding. This section provides an organized listing of all figures and tables in your thesis.

It's a visual index, ensuring that readers can quickly locate and reference your graphical data.

Introduction

Here's where you introduce your research topic, articulate the research question or objective, and outline the significance of your study.

• Present the research topic : Clearly articulate the central theme or subject of your research.
• Background information : Ground your research topic, providing any necessary context or background information your readers might need to understand the significance of your study.
• Define the scope : Clearly delineate the boundaries of your research, indicating what will and won't be covered.
• Literature review : Introduce any relevant existing research on your topic, situating your work within the broader academic conversation and highlighting where your research fits in.
• State the research Question(s) or objective(s) : Clearly articulate the primary questions or objectives your research aims to address.
• Outline the study's structure : Give a brief overview of how the subsequent sections of your work will unfold, guiding your readers through the journey ahead.

The introduction should captivate your readers, making them eager to delve deeper into your research journey.

Literature review section

Your study correlates with existing research. Therefore, in the literature review section, you'll engage in a dialogue with existing knowledge, highlighting relevant studies, theories, and findings.

It's here that you identify gaps in the current knowledge, positioning your research as a bridge to new insights.

To streamline this process, consider leveraging AI tools. For example, the SciSpace literature review tool enables you to efficiently explore and delve into research papers, simplifying your literature review journey.

Methodology

In the research methodology section, you’ll detail the tools, techniques, and processes you employed to gather and analyze data. This section will inform the readers about how you approached your research questions and ensures the reproducibility of your study.

Here's a breakdown of what it should encompass:

• Research Design : Describe the overall structure and approach of your research. Are you conducting a qualitative study with in-depth interviews? Or is it a quantitative study using statistical analysis? Perhaps it's a mixed-methods approach?
• Data Collection : Detail the methods you used to gather data. This could include surveys, experiments, observations, interviews, archival research, etc. Mention where you sourced your data, the duration of data collection, and any tools or instruments used.
• Sampling : If applicable, explain how you selected participants or data sources for your study. Discuss the size of your sample and the rationale behind choosing it.
• Data Analysis : Describe the techniques and tools you used to process and analyze the data. This could range from statistical tests in quantitative research to thematic analysis in qualitative research.
• Validity and Reliability : Address the steps you took to ensure the validity and reliability of your findings to ensure that your results are both accurate and consistent.
• Ethical Considerations : Highlight any ethical issues related to your research and the measures you took to address them, including — informed consent, confidentiality, and data storage and protection measures.

Moreover, different research questions necessitate different types of methodologies. For instance:

• Experimental methodology : Often used in sciences, this involves a controlled experiment to discern causality.
• Qualitative methodology : Employed when exploring patterns or phenomena without numerical data. Methods can include interviews, focus groups, or content analysis.
• Quantitative methodology : Concerned with measurable data and often involves statistical analysis. Surveys and structured observations are common tools here.
• Mixed methods : As the name implies, this combines both qualitative and quantitative methodologies.

The Methodology section isn’t just about detailing the methods but also justifying why they were chosen. The appropriateness of the methods in addressing your research question can significantly impact the credibility of your findings.

Results (or Findings)

This section presents the outcomes of your research. It's crucial to note that the nature of your results may vary; they could be quantitative, qualitative, or a mix of both.

Quantitative results often present statistical data, showcasing measurable outcomes, and they benefit from tables, graphs, and figures to depict these data points.

Qualitative results , on the other hand, might delve into patterns, themes, or narratives derived from non-numerical data, such as interviews or observations.

Regardless of the nature of your results, clarity is essential. This section is purely about presenting the data without offering interpretations — that comes later in the discussion.

In the discussion section, the raw data transforms into valuable insights.

Start by revisiting your research question and contrast it with the findings. How do your results expand, constrict, or challenge current academic conversations?

Dive into the intricacies of the data, guiding the reader through its implications. Detail potential limitations transparently, signaling your awareness of the research's boundaries. This is where your academic voice should be resonant and confident.

Practical implications (Recommendation) section

Based on the insights derived from your research, this section provides actionable suggestions or proposed solutions.

Whether aimed at industry professionals or the general public, recommendations translate your academic findings into potential real-world actions. They help readers understand the practical implications of your work and how it can be applied to effect change or improvement in a given field.

When crafting recommendations, it's essential to ensure they're feasible and rooted in the evidence provided by your research. They shouldn't merely be aspirational but should offer a clear path forward, grounded in your findings.

The conclusion provides closure to your research narrative.

It's not merely a recap but a synthesis of your main findings and their broader implications. Reconnect with the research questions or hypotheses posited at the beginning, offering clear answers based on your findings.

Reflect on the broader contributions of your study, considering its impact on the academic community and potential real-world applications.

Lastly, the conclusion should leave your readers with a clear understanding of the value and impact of your study.

References (or Bibliography)

Every theory you've expounded upon, every data point you've cited, and every methodological precedent you've followed finds its acknowledgment here.

In references, it's crucial to ensure meticulous consistency in formatting, mirroring the specific guidelines of the chosen citation style .

Proper referencing helps to avoid plagiarism , gives credit to original ideas, and allows readers to explore topics of interest. Moreover, it situates your work within the continuum of academic knowledge.

To properly cite the sources used in the study, you can rely on online citation generator tools  to generate accurate citations!

Here’s more on how you can cite your sources.

Often, the depth of research produces a wealth of material that, while crucial, can make the core content of the thesis cumbersome. The appendix is where you mention extra information that supports your research but isn't central to the main text.

Whether it's raw datasets, detailed procedural methodologies, extended case studies, or any other ancillary material, the appendices ensure that these elements are archived for reference without breaking the main narrative's flow.

For thorough researchers and readers keen on meticulous details, the appendices provide a treasure trove of insights.

Glossary (optional)

In academics, specialized terminologies, and jargon are inevitable. However, not every reader is versed in every term.

The glossary, while optional, is a critical tool for accessibility. It's a bridge ensuring that even readers from outside the discipline can access, understand, and appreciate your work.

By defining complex terms and providing context, you're inviting a wider audience to engage with your research, enhancing its reach and impact.

Remember, while these components provide a structured framework, the essence of your thesis lies in the originality of your ideas, the rigor of your research, and the clarity of your presentation.

As you craft each section, keep your readers in mind, ensuring that your passion and dedication shine through every page.

Thesis examples

To further elucidate the concept of a thesis, here are illustrative examples from various fields:

Example 1 (History): Abolition, Africans, and Abstraction: the Influence of the ‘Noble Savage’ on British and French Antislavery Thought, 1787-1807 by Suchait Kahlon.

Example 2 (Climate Dynamics): Influence of external forcings on abrupt millennial-scale climate changes: a statistical modelling study by Takahito Mitsui · Michel Crucifix

Checklist for your thesis evaluation

Evaluating your thesis ensures that your research meets the standards of academia. Here's an elaborate checklist to guide you through this critical process.

Content and structure

• Is the thesis statement clear, concise, and debatable?
• Does the introduction provide sufficient background and context?
• Is the literature review comprehensive, relevant, and well-organized?
• Does the methodology section clearly describe and justify the research methods?
• Are the results/findings presented clearly and logically?
• Does the discussion interpret the results in light of the research question and existing literature?
• Is the conclusion summarizing the research and suggesting future directions or implications?

Clarity and coherence

• Is the writing clear and free of jargon?
• Are ideas and sections logically connected and flowing?
• Is there a clear narrative or argument throughout the thesis?

Research quality

• Is the research question significant and relevant?
• Are the research methods appropriate for the question?
• Is the sample size (if applicable) adequate?
• Are the data analysis techniques appropriate and correctly applied?
• Are potential biases or limitations addressed?

Originality and significance

• Does the thesis contribute new knowledge or insights to the field?
• Is the research grounded in existing literature while offering fresh perspectives?

Formatting and presentation

• Is the thesis formatted according to institutional guidelines?
• Are figures, tables, and charts clear, labeled, and referenced in the text?
• Is the bibliography or reference list complete and consistently formatted?
• Are appendices relevant and appropriately referenced in the main text?

Grammar and language

• Is the thesis free of grammatical and spelling errors?
• Is the language professional, consistent, and appropriate for an academic audience?
• Are quotations and paraphrased material correctly cited?

Feedback and revision

• Have you sought feedback from peers, advisors, or experts in the field?
• Have you addressed the feedback and made the necessary revisions?

Overall assessment

• Does the thesis as a whole feel cohesive and comprehensive?
• Would the thesis be understandable and valuable to someone in your field?

Ensure to use this checklist to leave no ground for doubt or missed information in your thesis.

After writing your thesis, the next step is to discuss and defend your findings verbally in front of a knowledgeable panel. You’ve to be well prepared as your professors may grade your presentation abilities.

Preparing your thesis defense

A thesis defense, also known as "defending the thesis," is the culmination of a scholar's research journey. It's the final frontier, where you’ll present their findings and face scrutiny from a panel of experts.

Typically, the defense involves a public presentation where you’ll have to outline your study, followed by a question-and-answer session with a committee of experts. This committee assesses the validity, originality, and significance of the research.

The defense serves as a rite of passage for scholars. It's an opportunity to showcase expertise, address criticisms, and refine arguments. A successful defense not only validates the research but also establishes your authority as a researcher in your field.

Here’s how you can effectively prepare for your thesis defense .

Now, having touched upon the process of defending a thesis, it's worth noting that scholarly work can take various forms, depending on academic and regional practices.

One such form, often paralleled with the thesis, is the 'dissertation.' But what differentiates the two?

Dissertation vs. Thesis

Often used interchangeably in casual discourse, they refer to distinct research projects undertaken at different levels of higher education.

To the uninitiated, understanding their meaning might be elusive. So, let's demystify these terms and delve into their core differences.

Here's a table differentiating between the two.

Wrapping up

From understanding the foundational concept of a thesis to navigating its various components, differentiating it from a dissertation, and recognizing the importance of proper citation — this guide covers it all.

As scholars and readers, understanding these nuances not only aids in academic pursuits but also fosters a deeper appreciation for the relentless quest for knowledge that drives academia.

It’s important to remember that every thesis is a testament to curiosity, dedication, and the indomitable spirit of discovery.

Good luck with your thesis writing!

Frequently Asked Questions

A thesis typically ranges between 40-80 pages, but its length can vary based on the research topic, institution guidelines, and level of study.

A PhD thesis usually spans 200-300 pages, though this can vary based on the discipline, complexity of the research, and institutional requirements.

To identify a thesis topic, consider current trends in your field, gaps in existing literature, personal interests, and discussions with advisors or mentors. Additionally, reviewing related journals and conference proceedings can provide insights into potential areas of exploration.

The conceptual framework is often situated in the literature review or theoretical framework section of a thesis. It helps set the stage by providing the context, defining key concepts, and explaining the relationships between variables.

A thesis statement should be concise, clear, and specific. It should state the main argument or point of your research. Start by pinpointing the central question or issue your research addresses, then condense that into a single statement, ensuring it reflects the essence of your paper.

You might also like

AI for Meta-Analysis — A Comprehensive Guide

Cybersecurity in Higher Education: Safeguarding Students and Faculty Data

How To Write An Argumentative Essay

• Privacy Policy

Buy Me a Coffee

Home » Thesis – Structure, Example and Writing Guide

Thesis – Structure, Example and Writing Guide

Table of contents.

Definition:

Thesis is a scholarly document that presents a student’s original research and findings on a particular topic or question. It is usually written as a requirement for a graduate degree program and is intended to demonstrate the student’s mastery of the subject matter and their ability to conduct independent research.

History of Thesis

The concept of a thesis can be traced back to ancient Greece, where it was used as a way for students to demonstrate their knowledge of a particular subject. However, the modern form of the thesis as a scholarly document used to earn a degree is a relatively recent development.

The origin of the modern thesis can be traced back to medieval universities in Europe. During this time, students were required to present a “disputation” in which they would defend a particular thesis in front of their peers and faculty members. These disputations served as a way to demonstrate the student’s mastery of the subject matter and were often the final requirement for earning a degree.

In the 17th century, the concept of the thesis was formalized further with the creation of the modern research university. Students were now required to complete a research project and present their findings in a written document, which would serve as the basis for their degree.

The modern thesis as we know it today has evolved over time, with different disciplines and institutions adopting their own standards and formats. However, the basic elements of a thesis – original research, a clear research question, a thorough review of the literature, and a well-argued conclusion – remain the same.

Structure of Thesis

The structure of a thesis may vary slightly depending on the specific requirements of the institution, department, or field of study, but generally, it follows a specific format.

Here’s a breakdown of the structure of a thesis:

This is the first page of the thesis that includes the title of the thesis, the name of the author, the name of the institution, the department, the date, and any other relevant information required by the institution.

This is a brief summary of the thesis that provides an overview of the research question, methodology, findings, and conclusions.

This page provides a list of all the chapters and sections in the thesis and their page numbers.

Introduction

This chapter provides an overview of the research question, the context of the research, and the purpose of the study. The introduction should also outline the methodology and the scope of the research.

Literature Review

This chapter provides a critical analysis of the relevant literature on the research topic. It should demonstrate the gap in the existing knowledge and justify the need for the research.

Methodology

This chapter provides a detailed description of the research methods used to gather and analyze data. It should explain the research design, the sampling method, data collection techniques, and data analysis procedures.

This chapter presents the findings of the research. It should include tables, graphs, and charts to illustrate the results.

This chapter interprets the results and relates them to the research question. It should explain the significance of the findings and their implications for the research topic.

This chapter summarizes the key findings and the main conclusions of the research. It should also provide recommendations for future research.

This section provides a list of all the sources cited in the thesis. The citation style may vary depending on the requirements of the institution or the field of study.

This section includes any additional material that supports the research, such as raw data, survey questionnaires, or other relevant documents.

How to write Thesis

Here are some steps to help you write a thesis:

• Choose a Topic: The first step in writing a thesis is to choose a topic that interests you and is relevant to your field of study. You should also consider the scope of the topic and the availability of resources for research.
• Develop a Research Question: Once you have chosen a topic, you need to develop a research question that you will answer in your thesis. The research question should be specific, clear, and feasible.
• Conduct a Literature Review: Before you start your research, you need to conduct a literature review to identify the existing knowledge and gaps in the field. This will help you refine your research question and develop a research methodology.
• Develop a Research Methodology: Once you have refined your research question, you need to develop a research methodology that includes the research design, data collection methods, and data analysis procedures.
• Collect and Analyze Data: After developing your research methodology, you need to collect and analyze data. This may involve conducting surveys, interviews, experiments, or analyzing existing data.
• Write the Thesis: Once you have analyzed the data, you need to write the thesis. The thesis should follow a specific structure that includes an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, conclusion, and references.
• Edit and Proofread: After completing the thesis, you need to edit and proofread it carefully. You should also have someone else review it to ensure that it is clear, concise, and free of errors.
• Submit the Thesis: Finally, you need to submit the thesis to your academic advisor or committee for review and evaluation.

Example of Thesis

Example of Thesis template for Students:

Title of Thesis

Table of Contents:

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Literature Review

Chapter 3: Research Methodology

Chapter 4: Results

Chapter 5: Discussion

Chapter 6: Conclusion

References:

Appendices:

Note: That’s just a basic template, but it should give you an idea of the structure and content that a typical thesis might include. Be sure to consult with your department or supervisor for any specific formatting requirements they may have. Good luck with your thesis!

Application of Thesis

Thesis is an important academic document that serves several purposes. Here are some of the applications of thesis:

• Academic Requirement: A thesis is a requirement for many academic programs, especially at the graduate level. It is an essential component of the evaluation process and demonstrates the student’s ability to conduct original research and contribute to the knowledge in their field.
• Career Advancement: A thesis can also help in career advancement. Employers often value candidates who have completed a thesis as it demonstrates their research skills, critical thinking abilities, and their dedication to their field of study.
• Publication : A thesis can serve as a basis for future publications in academic journals, books, or conference proceedings. It provides the researcher with an opportunity to present their research to a wider audience and contribute to the body of knowledge in their field.
• Personal Development: Writing a thesis is a challenging task that requires time, dedication, and perseverance. It provides the student with an opportunity to develop critical thinking, research, and writing skills that are essential for their personal and professional development.
• Impact on Society: The findings of a thesis can have an impact on society by addressing important issues, providing insights into complex problems, and contributing to the development of policies and practices.

Purpose of Thesis

The purpose of a thesis is to present original research findings in a clear and organized manner. It is a formal document that demonstrates a student’s ability to conduct independent research and contribute to the knowledge in their field of study. The primary purposes of a thesis are:

• To Contribute to Knowledge: The main purpose of a thesis is to contribute to the knowledge in a particular field of study. By conducting original research and presenting their findings, the student adds new insights and perspectives to the existing body of knowledge.
• To Demonstrate Research Skills: A thesis is an opportunity for the student to demonstrate their research skills. This includes the ability to formulate a research question, design a research methodology, collect and analyze data, and draw conclusions based on their findings.
• To Develop Critical Thinking: Writing a thesis requires critical thinking and analysis. The student must evaluate existing literature and identify gaps in the field, as well as develop and defend their own ideas.
• To Provide Evidence of Competence : A thesis provides evidence of the student’s competence in their field of study. It demonstrates their ability to apply theoretical concepts to real-world problems, and their ability to communicate their ideas effectively.
• To Facilitate Career Advancement : Completing a thesis can help the student advance their career by demonstrating their research skills and dedication to their field of study. It can also provide a basis for future publications, presentations, or research projects.

When to Write Thesis

The timing for writing a thesis depends on the specific requirements of the academic program or institution. In most cases, the opportunity to write a thesis is typically offered at the graduate level, but there may be exceptions.

Generally, students should plan to write their thesis during the final year of their graduate program. This allows sufficient time for conducting research, analyzing data, and writing the thesis. It is important to start planning the thesis early and to identify a research topic and research advisor as soon as possible.

In some cases, students may be able to write a thesis as part of an undergraduate program or as an independent research project outside of an academic program. In such cases, it is important to consult with faculty advisors or mentors to ensure that the research is appropriately designed and executed.

It is important to note that the process of writing a thesis can be time-consuming and requires a significant amount of effort and dedication. It is important to plan accordingly and to allocate sufficient time for conducting research, analyzing data, and writing the thesis.

Characteristics of Thesis

The characteristics of a thesis vary depending on the specific academic program or institution. However, some general characteristics of a thesis include:

• Originality : A thesis should present original research findings or insights. It should demonstrate the student’s ability to conduct independent research and contribute to the knowledge in their field of study.
• Clarity : A thesis should be clear and concise. It should present the research question, methodology, findings, and conclusions in a logical and organized manner. It should also be well-written, with proper grammar, spelling, and punctuation.
• Research-Based: A thesis should be based on rigorous research, which involves collecting and analyzing data from various sources. The research should be well-designed, with appropriate research methods and techniques.
• Evidence-Based : A thesis should be based on evidence, which means that all claims made in the thesis should be supported by data or literature. The evidence should be properly cited using appropriate citation styles.
• Critical Thinking: A thesis should demonstrate the student’s ability to critically analyze and evaluate information. It should present the student’s own ideas and arguments, and engage with existing literature in the field.
• Academic Style : A thesis should adhere to the conventions of academic writing. It should be well-structured, with clear headings and subheadings, and should use appropriate academic language.

Advantages of Thesis

There are several advantages to writing a thesis, including:

• Development of Research Skills: Writing a thesis requires extensive research and analytical skills. It helps to develop the student’s research skills, including the ability to formulate research questions, design and execute research methodologies, collect and analyze data, and draw conclusions based on their findings.
• Contribution to Knowledge: Writing a thesis provides an opportunity for the student to contribute to the knowledge in their field of study. By conducting original research, they can add new insights and perspectives to the existing body of knowledge.
• Preparation for Future Research: Completing a thesis prepares the student for future research projects. It provides them with the necessary skills to design and execute research methodologies, analyze data, and draw conclusions based on their findings.
• Career Advancement: Writing a thesis can help to advance the student’s career. It demonstrates their research skills and dedication to their field of study, and provides a basis for future publications, presentations, or research projects.
• Personal Growth: Completing a thesis can be a challenging and rewarding experience. It requires dedication, hard work, and perseverance. It can help the student to develop self-confidence, independence, and a sense of accomplishment.

Limitations of Thesis

There are also some limitations to writing a thesis, including:

• Time and Resources: Writing a thesis requires a significant amount of time and resources. It can be a time-consuming and expensive process, as it may involve conducting original research, analyzing data, and producing a lengthy document.
• Narrow Focus: A thesis is typically focused on a specific research question or topic, which may limit the student’s exposure to other areas within their field of study.
• Limited Audience: A thesis is usually only read by a small number of people, such as the student’s thesis advisor and committee members. This limits the potential impact of the research findings.
• Lack of Real-World Application : Some thesis topics may be highly theoretical or academic in nature, which may limit their practical application in the real world.
• Pressure and Stress : Writing a thesis can be a stressful and pressure-filled experience, as it may involve meeting strict deadlines, conducting original research, and producing a high-quality document.
• Potential for Isolation: Writing a thesis can be a solitary experience, as the student may spend a significant amount of time working independently on their research and writing.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

You may also like

Data Collection – Methods Types and Examples

Delimitations in Research – Types, Examples and...

Research Process – Steps, Examples and Tips

Research Design – Types, Methods and Examples

Institutional Review Board – Application Sample...

Evaluating Research – Process, Examples and...

• Girls Names
• Unisex Names
• Popular Names
• Unique Names
• Celebrity Names
• Names by Origin
• Name Generator
• Zodiac Names
• Name Quizzes
• Advanced Search
• Pregnancy Guide
• Names Chevron - Down
• Lists Chevron - Down
• News Chevron - Down
• Forums Chevron - Down
• Baby Name DNA

Name Origins | Search Names by Origin

Name origins provide an excellent starting point for your search for the right name. You may want to search names by origin to find baby names that line up with your family background or cultural history or simply explore name origins you find appealing.

The origins of names might seem obvious from their spelling or sound, but sometimes names rooted in ancient languages like Greek, Latin, or Hebrew branch out to include many variations with other origins,. Danielle is a French variation of the Hebrew Daniel, for instance, and William is the English form of the original German Wilhelm.

The lists below of baby name origins includes both girl names and boy names.

Search Girl Names by Origin

Search Boy Names by Origin

Find out the origin of a name

Namsor helps you find thorough information about the origin of a name by establishing a name's country of origin , ethnicity , diaspora , country of residence and US race classification in a wide range of alphabets* .

Identify the country of origin based on a first name, a last name or a full name

Analyze a first name, a surname or a full name to identify a person's country of origin . Name Diaspora may be better suited for multicultural countries.

Origin: first & last name

First name, given name, nickname .

Last name, family name, surname .

• Tag: Name Origin .
• Cost: 10 credits per name .
• API: Name Origin documentation .
• Determine: the region of origin, the country of origin with a calibrated probability and a list of 10 countries of origin sorted from most to least likely.

Origin: full name

Unsplit full name (first name and last name).

• Tag: Full Name Origin .
• API: Full Name Origin documentation .

What is the origin of a name

The origin or origins of a person refers to the country from where the person, his parents or his ancestors come.

The origin of a person can be determined from a first name, a family name or a full name for more precision. The countries of origin returned are based on the country codes defined in the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 standard. These codes are published by the International Organization for Standardization, and represent dependent countries and territories.

For example, the name Keith Haring has as its region of origin Europe and more specifically Northern Europe . United Kingdom (UK) is the most probable country of origin with a probability of 74.3% and Ireland (IE) is the alternative country of origin.

Determine the ethnicity /diaspora based on a (first name) and a last name or a full name

Process a person's first name (optional) and surname, or full name, with his most likely country of residence to determine the ethnicity or diaspora they belong to.

Diaspora: first & last name

Last name, family name, surname.

Country of residence, in ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 format. "US" by default (if no value indicated) .

• Tag: Name Diaspora .
• Cost: 20 credits per name .
• API: Name Diaspora documentation .
• Determine: the main and second most likely ethnicities with calibrated probabilities, as well as the 10 most likely ethnicities.

Diaspora: full name

• Tag: Full Name Diaspora .
• API: Full Name Diaspora documentation .

What is the ethnicity of a name

An ethnicity is a group of people who identify with each other on the basis of common attributes distinguishing them from other groups: a common set of traditions, origin, culture, ancestry, language, history, religion or social treatment.

A diaspora refers to a population living outside the area in which they have lived for a long time or in which their ancestors have lived. The origins of this population differ from the country in which they live.

For example, an individual named Keith Haring and living in the United States , will have the most likely ethnicity German with a probability of 50.74 % and Dutch as an alternate ethnicity.

Estimate the US race based on a first name, a last name or a full name

Identify from a first name and/or a surname and a country of residence, the most likely United State's race classification based on the US Census taxonomy.

US race: first & last name

Country of residence, in ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 format .

• Tag: Name US Race .
• API: Name US Race documentation .
• Determine: the most likely US race ethnicity, a list of the most likely US race ethnicity, a probability for each returned race ethnicity.

US race: first & last name + zip code

Postal code (5-digit) of residence used by the United States Postal Service (USPS).

• Tag: Name US Race ZIP .
• API: Name US Race ZIP documentation .

US race: full name

• Tag: Full Name US Race .
• API: Full Name US Race documentation .

What is the US race ethnicity of a name

US race ethnicity is a categorization based on the US Census Taxonomy .

The U.S. Census Bureau must adhere to the 1997 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards on race and ethnicity which guide the Census Bureau in classifying written responses to the race question .

This categorization includes a taxonomy in 6 classes: White , Black or African American , American Indian or Alaska Native , Asian , Hispanic or Latino and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander .

For example, for the name Keith Haring in the United States , the most likely given US race ethnicity is White, non latino , with a probability of 65.68%. The second most likely given race ethnicity is Black, non latino .

Find the country of residence based on a first name, a last name or a full name

Provide either a first name, a surname or a full name to determine that person's country of residence .

Country of Residence: first & last name

• Tag: Name Country .
• API: Name Country documentation .
• Determine: the region of residence, the country of residence, the top 10 countries of residence, a probability for each returned country.

Country of Residence: full name

• Tag: Full Name Country .
• API: Full Name Country documentation .

What is the residence country of a name

The country of residence is the country where a person has lived for the majority of the last 12 months. Tourists are not defined as residents of a country. Country of residence differs from nationality, although in some cases it may be correlated.

For example, the name Keith Haring returns Americas and more specifically Northern America as the region of residence. The United States is the most probable country of residence with a probability of 55.16% and New Zealand is the alternative country of residence.

Find the right tool to process names

Use our extensive API documentation, analyze CSV and Excel files or download the Namsor developer tools.

CSV and Excel tool

Upload a document in our CSV and Excel file processer . Choose a classification type and download your comprehensive name analysis by gender , country of origin , ethnicity , diaspora and much more.

API documentation

We maintain a fully documented API to help you throughout your integration process. Take control of Namsor's name checking features efficiently, thanks to our numerous integration examples for JavaScript , Python , Java and Shell .

Developer tools

Discover all the possibilities offered by Namsor's services: download our developer tools and integrate our name checking technology into your app. Choose the SDK or CLI you need for your projects in Java, Python, GoLang or Javascript.

Add, find, edit, or delete a contact in Outlook

You can create new contacts from scratch in the People page or add someone as a contact from their profile card. A contact can be as basic as a name and email address, or include more information like a street address, multiple phone numbers, and a profile picture.

Important:  Steps may be different between  new  and classic Outlook for Windows. To determine which version of Outlook you're using, look for  File  on the ribbon. If there's no  File  option, follow the steps under the New Outlook tab. If the  File  option appears, select the tab for Classic Outlook .

In Outlook, you have the option to:

Add a contact

Find a contact, edit a contact, delete a contact.

Note:  If the steps under this New Outlook tab don't work, you may not be using new Outlook for Windows yet. Select Classic Outlook  and follow those steps instead.

You can add a contact from scratch or from someone's profile card.

Add a contact from scratch

On the Home tab, select New contact .

Enter a name and any other details you would like, then select  Save .

Tip:  You can enter additional contact information any time. Select the contact from the list, then select Edit contact , and begin adding more information. 

Add a contact from someone's profile card

In Mail, open an email message in the reading pane, and then select the name of the sender or recipient you want to add to your contacts.

On the profile card that opens, at the bottom of the card, select Add to contacts .

Enter details for the contact.

Select Save .

Select the Search box at the top of the window.

Type the name, phone number, or company name for the contact you are searching for.

Choose the person you want from the search results.

You can add or update a contact's information or photo.

Add or update contact information

Double click the contact you would like to edit.

Add or update the information for your contact.

When you are finished, select Save .

Add or update a contact's photo

Select the contact that you want to add or update the photo for.

Select the camera button.

Select Upload a new photo , choose the file you want to use, and then select Open to upload.

If you want to reposition the photo, click inside the circle and drag the pointer. To zoom in or out, use the slider below the photo.

Select Apply , and then select Done .

Select the contact you want to delete, then you can either select Delete from the ribbon or right-click the contact and select Delete .

Select Delete again to confirm.

On the People page, select New contact from the ribbon.

Add any additional details you want.

Select Save & Close .

Enter details for the contact, then select Save & Close .

Type the name of the contact you are searching for.

When you are finished, select  Save & Close .

Double click the contact that you want to add or update the photo for.

Tip:  For a contact that you previously added a photo for, you can right click the existing photo, and select either Change Picture or Remove Picture .

Choose the file you want to use, and then select Open to upload.

Go to the contact you want to delete, and then you can either right-click the contact and select Delete , or double click the contact and select  Delete from the ribbon.

In Mail , open an email message in the reading pane, and then select the name of the sender or recipient you want to add to your contacts.

Enter any additional details for the contact, then select Save .

Select the contact you would like, then select Edit contact .

Select Edit contact , then select the camera button.

Manage your contacts in Outlook

Need more help?

Want more options.

Explore subscription benefits, browse training courses, learn how to secure your device, and more.

Microsoft 365 subscription benefits

Microsoft 365 training

Microsoft security

Accessibility center

Communities help you ask and answer questions, give feedback, and hear from experts with rich knowledge.

Ask the Microsoft Community

Microsoft Tech Community

Windows Insiders

Microsoft 365 Insiders

Find solutions to common problems or get help from a support agent.

Online support

Was this information helpful?

Thank you for your feedback.

Susan Devlin

Meeting Deadlines

• Dissertations
• Business Plans
• PowerPoint Presentations
• Editing and Proofreading
• Annotated Bibliography
• Book Review/Movie Review
• Reflective Paper
• Company/Industry Analysis
• Article Analysis
• Custom Writing Service
• Assignment Help
• Write My Essay
• Paper Writing Help
• Write Papers For Me
• College Paper Writing Service

Finished Papers

Customer Reviews

History | April 17, 2024 7:15 a.m.

The 18th-Century Baron Who Lent His Name to Munchausen Syndrome

The medical condition is named after a fictional storyteller who in turn was based on a real-life German nobleman known for telling tall tales

Rosemary Counter

In 1951 , London physician Richard Asher wrote a journal article about “a common syndrome which most doctors have seen, but about which little has been written.” He described a pattern of seemingly sick patients with dramatic but plausible medical histories, who made countless visits to doctors and hospitals, quarreled with medical professionals, and discharged themselves against advice.

In short, these individuals suffered from what’s known today as Munchausen syndrome , a psychological condition in which a patient pretends that they or someone else, often a child, are seriously ill. Had the disorder’s founder embraced medical eponyms as Alois Alzheimer or Burrill Bernard Crohn did, it might have been called “Asher’s disease.” But it isn’t, because Asher wasn’t keen to attach his good name to a pseudodisease defined by the lies of people he considered “hysterics, schizophrenics, masochists or psychopaths of some kind.”

Asher instead looked to literature, finding inspiration in Baron Munchausen’s Narrative of His Marvelous Travels and Campaigns in Russia , a now-obscure 1785 novel by German writer Rudolf Erich Raspe . In the vein of Gulliver’s Travels , Raspe’s book—initially published as a series of anonymous articles and later reimagined in countless versions, editions and translations—features the first-person, fantastical stories of Baron Munchausen, a nobleman and retired soldier whose obvious tall tales delight his dinner guests. Among his many adventures, Munchausen flies across the Thames on a cannonball, fights a 40-foot-long crocodile and travels to the moon.

Accompanying the stories, naturally, were original illustrations . One such drawing , published in a 1786 edition of the novel, shows Munchausen dangling from a rope tied to a crescent moon. It’s a favorite of Sarah Tindal Kareem , a literary scholar at the University of California, Los Angeles, who chose the scene as the cover of her 2014 book, Eighteenth-Century Fiction and the Reinvention of Wonder .

“The 18th century was a unique moment in time, before clear copyright and libel laws, and there wasn’t a hard and fast distinction between works of fact and works of fiction,” says Kareem. This was very much the case for Raspe’s novel, as his Munchausen was based on a still-living person with virtually the same name.

Karl Friedrich Hieronymus , Freiherr (or Baron) von Münchhausen, was a retired German officer who fought with a Russian regiment in two campaigns against the Ottoman Empire. By 1760, he was living a life of leisure in the German countryside, regularly hosting nobles and aristocrats at his Hanover home. Münchhausen earned a reputation far and wide as a good-hearted, generous, lively and dramatic storyteller—though not a liar.

Both the real and faux barons started out as well-respected figures. “In Raspe’s book, there’s a frame narrative where Munchausen, who thinks his guests are talking nonsense, tells these even more nonsensical tall tales to poke fun of them and their gullibility,” says Kareem, who estimates that Raspe’s novel was reprinted 100 times over the next two centuries. Every edit and translation introduced changes to the text. “In later editions, however, there’s a shift so that he’s not in on the joke—the joke’s on him,” Kareem explains. “He becomes a buffoon, a liar and a figure of ridicule.”

Changes to the fictional character were no doubt driven at least in part by the reaction of the real-life Münchhausen. “He would have done well to roll with the joke,” says Kareem, “but he made it worse by overreacting.” Münchhausen had no sense of humor about the matter. He loathed his depiction and repeatedly threatened to sue. Beyond the murky status of libel laws at the time, an insurmountable problem stood in the way of the baron’s lawsuit: At the time, the increasingly popular book’s author was still anonymous . Münchhausen tried to sue Gottfried August Bürger , who translated the English-language novel into German and was incorrectly identified as its author, but he was unsuccessful.

To be fair to the infuriated Münchhausen, he knew that someone in his past or present—probably someone he’d invited into his own home—was mocking him and getting rich at his expense. As if to protect himself from a libel lawsuit, the author had deliberately tweaked the spelling of the main character’s name, albeit just barely. “Into this completely over-the-top fiction,” says Kareem, “Raspe inserts an actual, recognizable historical figure.”

The reason why Raspe based his protagonist on Münchhausen has eluded historians for centuries. “We don’t even know if these men met even once,” says Régis Olry , an anatomist at the University of Quebec at Trois-Rivières and the author of a 2002 journal article on the history of Munchausen syndrome. The most likely place where the pair might have crossed paths is Germany’s University of Göttingen, where Raspe worked as a library clerk to pay off his mounting debts in the early 1760s, around the same time that Münchhausen—whose uncle played a role in the school’s foundation—hosted lavish dinner parties at his nearby estate.

Like Kareem, Olry doesn’t view the so-called Baron of Lies as a liar at all. “Münchhausen was a storyteller,” he says, and if those tales weren’t entirely true, it was for one of two reasons: “Either he consciously invented these stories to entertain his audience (and it worked), or these stories were ramblings he was not aware he was inventing.” Since Münchhausen retired in 1760 at age 39 or 40, it’s unlikely he suffered from delusions beyond those of grandeur.

Raspe to Münchhausen was an anonymous tormentor, but who was Münchhausen to Raspe? By 1785, more than 20 years had passed since the much-younger Raspe (potentially) crossed paths with the baron, who must have made quite an impression. But Raspe’s opinion of Münchhausen otherwise remains a mystery. Was he envious of the baron’s wealth and status given his own lowly rank? Did he idolize Münchhausen’s storytelling skills and intend the book as a compliment? Did he resent or begrudge the nobleman for his blatant lies, or did he admire the baron’s ability to get away with them?

Clues to Münchhausen’s allure can be found in Raspe’s biography . Born in Hanover in 1737, he studied law at the University of Göttingen but never became a lawyer. Instead, Raspe’s jack-of-all-trades résumé included stints as a writer, researcher, translator, journalist, librarian, geologist and custodian of coins—a position where access to wealth proved too tempting for him. Accused of stealing from a museum’s coin and gem collection, Raspe fled to England in 1775 to evade arrest.

The increasingly dubious Raspe (armed with handy knowledge of how to dodge the law) turned to money-making schemes and low-level crimes. One scam involved pretending to discover gold on a Scottish nobleman’s estate, convincing him to invest in a mining operation and then disappearing with the funds. Swindling the not-so-clever upper classes seems to have been Raspe’s particular forte.

Meanwhile, he wrote. “While in this humble condition and a desperate man, he remembered the stories he had heard at the hospitable table of Baron Münchhausen, and, thinking he could turn them to account, he published … his recollections of them,” noted author Samuel Austin Allibone in 1908. The account was “exaggerated and caricatured, no doubt, but generally bearing a sufficient resemblance to the stories the baron had invented for the amusement of his bottle companions to permit their origin to be recognized.”

Fluent in German, English, French and Latin, Raspe also penned everything from poetry to research papers to catalogs . If he sought fame and fortune through his writing, however, Baron Munchausen’s Narrative brought neither. Ironically, his name didn’t appear on his most famous and successful work during his lifetime. After all, claiming ownership of the work would mean facing the real Münchhausen in court.

Ultimately, Münchhausen outlived Raspe by three years. The former died in 1797, still clueless about his adversary’s identity, while the latter died in 1794. It wasn’t until 1824, more than a quarter-century after both men’s deaths, that a biography of Bürger, Raspe’s once-sued translator, revealed the infamous book’s actual author.

Over the next 200 years, the word “ Munchausen ” settled into the collective psyche. By the 1850s, it was most often used as a verb, slang for telling “extravagantly untruthful pseudo-autobiographical stories,” according to the Oxford English Dictionary . In the 1950s, the term was ubiquitous enough that Asher deemed it the perfect moniker for his newly described syndrome. “Like the famous Baron von Munchausen, the persons affected have always traveled widely, and their stories, like those attributed to him, are both dramatic and untruthful,” the physician wrote.

To date, the condition has been called hospital addiction syndrome, thick chart syndrome and hospital hopper syndrome. Its official title in the DSM, the American Psychiatric Association’s mental health manual, is “factitious disorder imposed on self” or “factitious disorder imposed on another.” Colloquially, however, it’s the baron’s once-good name that has stuck.

Outside of very specific literary corners, Raspe’s name is as little known as Münchhausen’s is famous. But if history had unfolded differently, the two might very well be swapped. “Raspe was this colorful, flamboyant character who also engaged in deception,” says Kareem. One’s lies are beloved, the other’s illegal, but this distinction and the trajectory of their legacies are almost arbitrary. So, the next time you overembellish a story at a dinner party, consider this: Three hundred years later, people might still be talking about you, for better or worse.

Get the latest History stories in your inbox?

Click to visit our Privacy Statement .

Rosemary Counter | READ MORE

Rosemary Counter is a Toronto-based writer, author and journalist who loves strange history, swanky hotel rooms and chatting with famous powerful women.

Advertisement

Supported by

The History Behind Arizona’s 160-Year-Old Abortion Ban

The state’s Supreme Court ruled that the 1864 law is enforceable today. Here is what led to its enactment.

• Share full article

By Pam Belluck

Pam Belluck has covered reproductive health for more than a decade.

The 160-year-old Arizona abortion ban that was upheld on Tuesday by the state’s highest court was among a wave of anti-abortion laws propelled by some historical twists and turns that might seem surprising.

For decades after the United States became a nation, abortion was legal until fetal movement could be felt, usually well into the second trimester. Movement, known as quickening, was the threshold because, in a time before pregnancy tests or ultrasounds, it was the clearest sign that a woman was pregnant.

Before that point, “women could try to obtain an abortion without having to fear that it was illegal,” said Johanna Schoen, a professor of history at Rutgers University. After quickening, abortion providers could be charged with a misdemeanor.

“I don’t think it was particularly stigmatized,” Dr. Schoen said. “I think what was stigmatized was maybe this idea that you were having sex outside of marriage, but of course, married women also ended their pregnancies.”

Women would terminate pregnancies in several different ways, such as ingesting herbs or medicinal potions that were thought to induce a miscarriage, Dr. Schoen said. The herbs commonly used included pennyroyal and tansy. Another method involved inserting an object in the cervix to try to interrupt a pregnancy or terminate it by causing an infection, Dr. Schoen said.

Since tools to determine early pregnancy did not yet exist, many women could honestly say that they were not sure if they were pregnant and were simply taking herbs to restore their menstrual period.

Abortion providers described their services in discreet but widely understood terms.

“It was open, but sort of in code words,” said Mary Fissell, a professor of the history of medicine at Johns Hopkins University. Abortion medications or herbs were called “female lunar pills” or “French renovating pills,” she said.

Newspaper advertisements made clear these abortion services were available.

“Abortion is commercializing in the mid-19th century, up to the Civil War,” Dr. Fissell said. “You couldn’t pretend that abortion wasn’t happening.”

In the 1820s, some states began to pass laws restricting abortion and establishing some penalties for providers, according to historians.

By the 1840s, there were some high-profile trials in cases where women who had or sought abortions became very ill or died. Some cases involved a British-born midwife, Ann Trow Summers Lohman, known as Madame Restell, who provided herbal pills and other abortion services in New York , which passed a law under which providers could be charged with manslaughter for abortions after quickening and providers and patients could be charged with misdemeanors for abortions before quickening.

But strikingly, a major catalyst of abortion bans being enacted across the country was the emergence of organized and professionalized medicine, historians say.

After the American Medical Association, which would eventually become the largest doctors’ organization in the country, formed in 1847, its members — all male and white at that time — sought to curtail medical activities by midwives and other nondoctors, most of whom were women. Pregnancy termination methods were often provided by people in those vocations, and historians say that was one reason for the association’s desire to ban abortion.

A campaign that became known as the Physicians’ Crusade Against Abortion began in 1857 to urge states to pass anti-abortion laws. Its leader, Dr. Horatio Robinson Storer , wrote a paper against abortion that was officially adopted by the A.M.A. and later published as a book titled “ On Criminal Abortion in America. ”

Later, the association published “ Why Not? A Book for Every Woman ,” also written by Dr. Storer, which said that abortion was immoral and criminal and argued that married women had a moral and societal obligation to have children.

Dr. Storer promoted an argument that life began at conception.

“He creates a kind of moral high ground bandwagon, and he does that for a bunch of reasons that make it appealing,” Dr. Fissell said. In one sense, the argument coincided with the emerging medical understanding of embryology that characterized pregnancy as a continuum of development and did not consider quickening to be its defining stage.

There were also social and cultural forces and prejudices at play. Women were beginning to press for more independence, and the male-dominated medical establishment believed “women need to be home having babies,” Dr. Fissell said.

Racism and anti-immigrant attitudes in the second half of the 19th century began fueling support of eugenics. Several historians have said that these undercurrents were partially behind the anti-abortion campaign that Dr. Storer led.

“People like Storer were very worried that the wrong Americans were reproducing, and that the nice white Anglo-Saxon ones were having abortions and not having enough children,” Dr. Fissell said.

A moralistic streak was also gaining prominence, including with the passage of the Comstock Act in 1873, which outlawed the mailing of pornographic materials and anything related to contraception or abortion.

By 1880, about 40 states had banned abortion. Arizona enacted its ban in 1864 as part of a legal code it adopted soon after it became a territory.

The law, ARS 13-3603, states: “A person who provides, supplies or administers to a pregnant woman, or procures such woman to take any medicine, drugs or substance, or uses or employs any instrument or other means whatever, with intent thereby to procure the miscarriage of such woman, unless it is necessary to save her life, shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for not less than two years nor more than five years.”

“It was an early one,” Dr. Schoen said, “but it is part of that whole wave of legislation that gets passed between the 1860s and the 1880s.”

Pam Belluck is a health and science reporter, covering a range of subjects, including reproductive health, long Covid, brain science, neurological disorders, mental health and genetics. More about Pam Belluck

• Newsletters
• Account Activating this button will toggle the display of additional content Account Sign out

Think you’re pretty smart? Prove it with our daily quiz.

Make it a habit get the slate quiz in your inbox every weekday..

Thanks for signing up! You can manage your newsletter subscriptions at any time.

You wanted more quizzes, and we’ve delivered! Now you can test your wits every day of the week. Each weekday, your host, Ray Hamel, concocts a challenging set of unique questions on a specific topic. At the end of the quiz, you’ll be able to compare your score with that of the average contestant, and Slate Plus members can see how they stack up on our leaderboard. Share your score with friends and compete to see who’s the brainiest.

Today’s topic is history. Can you ace the quiz and beat the average? Good luck!

If this is your first time playing, read the rules here . The quiz may require you to turn on cookies in your browser for it to function properly.

Please enable Javascript in your browser to view Slate interactives.

More Games From Slate

• Slate Games

© Steven Bisig-USA TODAY Sports

Red Sox Rising Star Leaves Game Early With Injury Vs. Guardians

Boston cannot afford to lose another arm

• Author: Stephen Mottram

In this story:

The Boston Red Sox seemingly can't catch a break when it comes to injuries, as a handful of players are already either out for the season or on the injured list after just 17 games.

Of course, any player getting injured would be horrible news for Boston and an injury to an already slim pitching staff would be devastating news. Unfortunately, Garrett Whitlock was the latest to go down, as he was pulled from Tuesday night's game against the Cleveland Guardians after only 54 pitches across four innings of work.

MLB.com's Ian Browne reported on Tuesday night that Whitlock left the game due to left oblique tightness.

Whitlock has been stellar for the Red Sox thus far, posting a 1.96 ERA with a 17-to-7 strikeout-to-walk ratio, .212 batting average against and a 1.15 WHIP in 18 1/3 innings pitched across four games this year.

The 27-year-old has been a massive reason for Red Sox rotation's success so far this season, contributing to a league-leading 1.92 ERA for starting pitchers ahead of Tuesday nights game.

Right now it's unclear of the severity of Whitlock's injury, hopefully removing him early in Tuesday nights game was just been precautionary.

More MLB: Red Sox Manager Alex Cora Targeting Surprising Return Date For Tyler O'Neill

Latest Red Sox News

Angels 'Like' Ex-Red Sox Superstar; Could Los Angeles Sign Six-Time All-Star?

Boston Red Sox' Hurler to Do Something Not Done in Nearly Last 30 Years of Team History

Red Sox Star Dealing With Injury Putting Availability For Opening Day At Risk

Boston Red Sox Officially Name Young Ace Brayan Bello as Opening Day Starter

The San Francisco Giants Had the "Full Throttle" Offseason that the Boston Red Sox Promised to Have