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STEP Prep Archive

Welcome to the nrich advanced problem solving pages..

This is an archive resource. For our current STEP preparation programme please visit maths.org/step . These resources are designed to help potential university applicants develop their advanced problem-solving skills and prepare for sitting examinations such as STEP . The material has been carefully selected to provide an accessible and supportive introduction to advanced problem-solving, and to help you build your confidence, fluency and speed. Start by reading about the materials , or scroll down to get started on the modules. The 24 modules below begin with general problem-solving skills and gradually introduce new techniques, ideas and advice to help you to solve advanced problems. You may also be interested in Stephen Siklos's book,  Advanced Problems in Mathematics: Preparing for University , which can be downloaded for free.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 1

Our first Advanced Problem Solving module provides a gentle introduction to being a problem-solver.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 2

The second Advanced Problem Solving module introduces you to mathematical notation and logical thinking.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 3

This Advanced Problem Solving module introduces some important aspects of mathematical proof.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 4

Our fourth module aims to give you a clearer understanding of the concepts underpinning calculus.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 5

Our fifth module explains some key calculus skills.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 6

In our sixth Advanced Problem Solving module, clever substitutions are the key to solving problems.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 7

This module contains advice and resources to help you prepare for university interviews.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 8

This module will help you to improve your trigonometry skills and understanding.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 9

In this module, you will learn about proof by induction and apply it to STEP questions.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 10

This module highlights the importance of integration.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 11

This module offers advice and practice on how to sketch graphs.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 12

This module looks at how to solve problems involving vectors.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 13

This module helps you to understand how to approach advanced geometry questions.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 14

This module explores what you need to know in order to tackle advanced Mechanics questions.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 15

This module looks at Statistics questions and what you need to know in order to solve them successfully.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 16

In this module, we explore how to tackle advanced Probability questions.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 17

This module offers advice and practice on dealing with questions involving Differential Equations.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 18

This module covers some techniques for dealing with complex numbers.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 19

This module offers some tricks and tips for dealing with questions involving equations and inequalities.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 20

This module looks at some of the things you need to understand about polar coordinates.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 21

This module offers advice on getting your head round "unusual" questions.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 22

This module looks at hyperbolic functions.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 23

This module looks at some of the key concepts involving series and sums.

Advanced Problem Solving Module 24

This module offers last-minute hints, advice and practice for preparing for advanced problem solving examinations.

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Surrender School

We recover.

• Emotional Sobriety (Jan-Apr 2023)
• Gifts of Imperfection Book Study (Jun-Aug 2023)
• Step One Science (SOS)
• Essential Enneagram Empowered 12 Step Workshop (TripleE12)
• Discover your Abstinence (Step 0)
• 2023 Quick Step Study – Nov – Dec
• 2023 Work the Steps Using “Study Guide for Overeaters”
• Meditations

Preface to Step 10:

• You have finished Steps 1-9. This was the program of recovery.
• Now you are launching into the 12-Step Way of Life which offers a new design for living.
• Steps 1-3 taught you about our powerlessness and your need for Power.
• Steps 4-9 taught you about our misuse of our will and how that leads to unmanageability.
• Steps 10, 11, & 12 offer you a way to live life on life’s terms and allow us to continuously enlarge our spiritual life.

Assignment 1:

• Read, highlight, and jot down questions/comments from Into Action , pages 84 and 85, of the Big Book .
• What does the following mean to you: “We have entered the world of the Spirit. Our next function is to grow in understanding and effectiveness.”
• This is the step that talks about food neutrality: “We are not fighting it, neither are we avoiding temptation. We feel as though we had been placed in a position of neutrality – safe and protected.” – Have you reached food neutrality?
• Can you see that, “We are not cured of food addiction. What we really have is a daily reprieve contingent on the maintenance of our spiritual condition.”
• Keeping in “fit spiritual condition” is what Step 10 is all about! What does maintaining fit spiritual condition mean for you?

Assignment 2:

• Read highlight, and jot down questions/comments from AA 12 & 12, Step 10 .
• There are no right or wrong ways to do inventories. Find a processes that work for you.  “It is a spiritual axiom that every time we are disturbed, no matter what the cause, there is something wrong with us.” ( AA 12 & 12, P. 90).
• When you feel emotional discomfort, work on a Step 10 and dig deep to find what is happening with you. Below we offer a few suggestions for doing a spot check inventory.
• Example 1: The Big Book Way

When these (character defects) crop up, we ask God at once to remove them. We discuss them with someone immediately and make amends quickly if we have harmed anyone. Then we resolutely turn our thoughts to someone we can help. Love and tolerance of others is our code. (Big Book, page 84)

• Am I taking something personally?
• Am I making any assumptions here?
• How can I see this differently (more clearly)?
• What story am I telling myself that may or may not be true?
• What am I making this mean about me?
• What is my underlying motivation here?
• Is my story even true or is it just an opinion?
• What am I not seeing here? What am I missing?
• What can I learn from this?
• How does my HP want me to respond here?
• Am I avoiding personal responsibility here?
• Complete Surrender School’s “ Restoring Emotional Sobriety: Answer the questions for each section.
• Look back at Step 4. Follow the directions for Completing your inventory , choosing the appropriate form for your situation.

Optional Extra Credit:

• Read highlight, and jot down questions/comments from  AA Study Guide for Overeaters, Step 10.
• Step 10  by  Marcela M. from A Design for Living
• Step Ten from Overeaters Anonymous: “The Importance of Working All Twelve Steps”  podcast series
• Step Ten by Amy B. from Choose Your Own Conception: OA Big Book Study
• Step Ten by Anne Marie M. from Choose Your Own Conception: OA Big Book Study
• Step Ten by Dani P. from Choose Your Own Conception: OA Big Book Study

CONGRATULATIONS! YOU ARE NOW USING STEP 10’s INSTEAD OF FOOD AND BEGINNING TO LIVE LIFE ON LIFE’S TERMS. IT IS TIME TO EMBRACE STEP 11.

12 Step Work

For those that want to love their life.

This AA Morning Step Work Sheet is designed for newcomers or anyone who wants to start each day off in a way that will definitely set them up for a new & better life.

AA Morning Step Work

This Trigger List is designed for newcomers or anyone who has never written down those things that might trigger either drinking, drugging or acting out in a way that hurts them or others.

Trigger List

The Powerless List is designed for newcomers or anyone who has never written down those things that they feel powerless over but have found they have a habit of hoping or trying to change.

Powerless List

This Unmanageable List is designed for newcomers or anyone who has never written down those things that are overwhelming their life, creating situations whereby there is so much “stuff” that they can’t seem to handle it. This is where life feels unmanageable.

Unmanageable List

This is 4th Step Resentment Inventory is designed for newcomers or anyone who wishes to do a forth step out of the Big Book. The only exception to the Big Book’s instruction is a 5th column, whereby we identify what we can do differently in the future.

4th Step Resentments

This is 4th Step Harms Inventory is designed for newcomers or anyone who wishes to do a forth step out of the Big Book. The only exception to the Big Book’s instruction is a 5th column, whereby we identify what we can do differently in the future.

4th Step Harms

This is 4th Step Fears Inventory is designed for newcomers or anyone who wishes to do a forth step out of the Big Book. The only exception to the Big Book’s instruction is a 5th column, whereby we identify what we can do differently in the future.

4th Step Fears

This is 4th Step Sex Inventory is designed for newcomers or anyone who wishes to do a forth step out of the Big Book. The only exception to the Big Book’s instruction is a 5th column, whereby we identify what we can do differently in the future.

4th Step Sex

This 6th & 7th Step Worksheet is fantastic for newcomers or anyone who wishes to do formally work these steps by spotting the character defects that are affecting us each day, and then asking for our HP to help remove them from us. If working a step-a-month program, I suggest using these sheets as your primary step work for June & July, in conjunction with reading Drop the Rock (See Spiritual Backpack link).

4th Step Character Defect Checklist

This sheet was created by Chris K as an adjunct to the 4th step in order to identify the character defects that played a part in each item from our 4th step. It’s a fantastic way to easily move into steps 6 & 7.

6th & 7th Steps

This 8th Step Worksheet is fantastic for newcomers or anyone who wishes to do formally work these steps by rigorously cleaning up their side of the street, thereby eliminating feelings of shame, guilt, remorse, resentment, and self-pity. Remember, this is just the list! Writing it down does not mean you’ll be making an amends, that’s to discuss with your sponsor first. This just shows your willingness. Also, for any amends involving something that could hurt you or others if it was read by someone (cheating, lying, stealing, crimes, etc), it’s HIGHLY suggested to write in code (i.e., instead of “robbed ABC bank on 12/14/89” write “took a pen from the bank”, or instead of “slept with the neighbor”, possibly “took the pen from my neighbor”). This can save lots of heartache and pain (trust me). Included in these sheets is detailed instructions, a Blank 8th Step Sheet, a Category Sheet to trigger memories, and Assets/Gratitude Sheet. If working a step-a-month program, I suggest using these sheets as your primary step work for August, in conjunction with reading You Can’t Make Me Angry (See Spiritual Backpack link).

Step 8 Worksheets

There is no Step 9 worksheet, as this is a step that needs to be made to the person(s) we have harmed. I find that it’s VERY important to go over your Step 8 list with a sponsor or other 12 Step member that has worked all the steps – someone whom you trust for direction. I first help my sponsees determine which amends should be made, and which shouldn’t. This is determined primarily by examining the underlying motivation behind the desire (or discomfort) to make the amends.  Then when we have a solid list that we both feel right about, most of the amends should be made in person, face to face. However, there will be some that cannot, or should not, be made face-to-face. Alternatives could be by phone, email, text, letter, etc. I encourage my sponsees to attempt diligently to find those that we feel an amends should be made to, using all resources available, including the internet, Facebook, friends, etc. Again, these decisions and actions should, in my opinion, only be made with the help of someone experienced in the program. I’ve attached the Step 9 from the 12 Steps and 12 Traditions, something that can benefit us all before attempting to practice this step.

12 and 12 -Step 9

Step 10 is, in my opinion, a life-long step, as many of our steps are. This is where we begin to use all the experience of having worked the prior 9 steps, as a basis for daily living. I consider daily journaling an intrinsic part of working this step. It is only by examining myself on a regular basis, that I can find what is working well in my life (and grow that), and what behaviors I’m engaging in that are perhaps not so loving towards me and others (and work on reducing those). My personal method of journaling is to first write the date, then the physical location I am at, then what has been happening in my life since my last entry (or at least in the last 24 hours of my life). During the writing I make sure that I examine my actions to see if I have harmed anyone, and write about my part. If I find that I have hurt someone, even unintentionally, I stop writing and usually pick up my cell phone and make direct amends (unless I am close to them and can do it in person). I end my daily entry with my gratitude list, followed these days, by xoxo Mom, xoxo Christopher, xoxo Grandma. Those are my three angels that only live in my heart now (mom, baby brother and g-ma). I buy journals that are comfortable, with thicker lines, and not too heavy to carry in my spiritual backpack. Initially, I offer my sponsees some 10th step worksheets to get them into the habit of the step.

10th Step AM PM

10th Step Reading 10th

Step Questions

Step 11 is so personal that I am tempted not to offer any suggestions. However, I will tell you a little about my personal quest for for a connection with a Higher Power. I didn’t grow up in a religious family. My dad essentially told me that God is love, when I asked him about a higher power.  When I was in college I took a course on religious studies. As part of the course I was to immerse myself in a couple of religions, and write reports about them. I first joined a bible study group on campus, and of course was the thorn in everyone’s side – always questioning everything, pointing out discrepancies and showing how a subtle shift in the interpretations of the words resulted in an entirely new meaning. Then I lived with at the Robertson location of Hare Krsna for two nights. I worked in the kitchen with them, prayed with them, and solicited donations with them. Those experiences left me feeling that there was definitely some good things contained in various religions, but the aspect of needing someone else to define my higher power and tell me how I should connect with God was something I wanted no part of. Don’t get me wrong, I have plenty of sponsees that love being part of a religious organization, and it makes their life richer because of it. But one of the greatest gifts of the 12 step programs is that it allows each of us to determine they type of faith we want in our lives. My type became a deep, personal relationship with a God of my not-understanding. And it took quite awhile. In fact, it wasn’t until around the 10th year of sobriety that I got tired of not having this thing called a Higher Power. Until that point, the program and fellowship was sort of like my Higher Power. It changed one day when, driving along the Pali in Maui, I heard a radio announcer say “Hey folks, you want to know what God is? I’ll tell you what God is. God is a make-believe friend for grownups. That’s what God is.” In the moment of hearing that I realized that I could have that. I could make-up what God is to me. When I next journaled, I wrote down “If God were real, here’s what I would want God to be like…” And that became the God I began having a friendship with. Each of us has our own path to spirituality, and I encourage you to take what I’ve said and leave the rest – it certainly won’t work for everyone. But that’s my little story of finding a Higher Power. I can tell you that, having found a Higher Power, and now having a relationship with God, has make my life both easier and more enjoyable. I talk to my HP all the time now. Here’s what the 12 Steps and 12 Traditions has to say about Step 11.

12 and 12 Step 11

Step 12 assumes that we’ve had a Spiritual Awakening. This was tough for me because, as I’ve told you, I had trouble with the concept of God for the first 10 years of sobriety. Not only that, it took quite awhile to complete all the other 11 steps (having gone to only a few meetings and having had no sponsor during my first 7 years of abstinence). As such, I was unable to do the second part of this step (practice the principles), or the third part (carry the message). However, eventually I did find a Higher Power. And though, in retrospect, it would not be until many years that I feel I really began working the program regularly in my life, I did begin carrying this message to others at around 10 years sobriety. I did it at first by sharing and being of service at meetings, and then eventually sponsoring others (which got me to start reading the Big Book regularly). I did the 12 Step work from attachment below for many years, and periodically do it again every few years. I’ve also shared it with many sponsees, who have said they found it useful. Enjoy!

12th Step Worksheets & Cards

12Step_Readings&Memorizations

Self-Love Affirmations

The path through recovery led me to a sponsor (who is no longer with us) that urged me to find a way to really love myself unconditionally. He suggested the standard “Look in the mirror and say ‘I love you James’ every morning, until I finally really did love myself. It took me just over a year, but I finally got it. Recently I was looking online and found some great self-love affirmation images to print and put up on my mirror to read and remind me of how much I love being me. Click on the link above and enjoy!

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67 thoughts on “ Worksheets ”

Dude your totally on fire!!!!

The only way to be!!!!!

Thank you James! Can you tell me what the 4th step “sex” inventory is? I thought that was the 13th step 😉 ILML

Hey Ryan, the 4th step inventory asks us to look at our sex relations, do we do a searching and thorough inventory on our attitudes and behavior around sex.

Ryan your welcome. It’s an honor and privilege to be in recovery with you. Love ya!

Hi i happen to come across your comments. I am in recovery and have been for some time but havent been going to meetings like i should. So i am going tonight at 8:15 and will be going to one everyday. Why i havent been going there are no excuses or valid reasons and i know i need to change that😌

I’ve been exactly where you are many times. I find it hard to get back into going to meetings when I’ve slacked off, but once I’m consistent for a bit I’m so grateful to be back in the center of the pack. It’s also the best way for me to be of service and stop trying to run the show. Congratulations for recommitting 🙂

Sorry so late on an answer. As I understand it, the 13th step is a way to hookup with very sick alcoholics. Of course, you’ll have to do a thorough job on the prior 12 before you have the privilege of this level of misery 🙂

Holy shit, man! Now THAT was f’n FUNNY! and yet still encouraging to setting down the bottle. Thanks for making me laugh! I’m on day 13 myself for the 1st X of my life & grabbin the Steps by the balls. GO BIG OR GO HOME! & I’ve always believed laughter truly is the best medicine, & I just happened to walk into the rooms and found a bigass, loud, boisterous & just god damned funnier than shit! Had I not…. I prob wouldn’tve stepped back a 2nd X.

THANK THE UNIVERSE FOR SERENDIPITY WHEN IT’S NEEDED MOST!

You’re welcome! Thanks for sharing! 🙂

Holy shit, man! Now THAT was f’n FUNNY! and yet still encouraging to setting down the bottle. Thanks for making me laugh! I’m on day 13 myself for the 1st X of my life & grabbin the Steps by the balls. GO BIG OR GO HOME! & I’ve always believed laughter truly is the best medicine, & I just happened to walk into the rooms and found a bigass, loud, boisterous & just god damned funnier than shit group of peeps that accepted me with open arms, hand shakes, hugs & ear to ear smiles! Had I not…. I prob wouldn’tve stepped back a 2nd X.

I found this searching the internet. Many Thanks to the creator of this!!!

Thanks for your response and sorry for the late reply. I had forgotten that I put this blog up (probably all the pot I smoked when I was younger) while enjoying the fullness of living an amazing life that I love. However, now that I have rediscovered it, I’ll keep a closer eye on it and post more often!

Hello all this looks awesome! I am looking for stuff for my sponcees. Is all of this AA approved? thanks

Aloha… no this is definitely NOT all AA or AlAnon approved. This is the way I work the steps in my life and with my sponsees. As with everything in our program, please take what you like and leave the rest. Than you for looking and I apologize for the late response.

It is strange to find out just how many drefeifnt websites there are on this subject. I don’t know if I’m ever going to need to be back here, but it’s awesome to know I stumbled upon the one that offers a little valuable stuff if this comes up for me again

Thanks for the compliment. Best wishes, James!

Hello all of this looks awesome! Is it AA approved? Im looking for paperwork for my sponcees thanks

thank you so much! this is wonderful and so well thought out. am i missing something? where are the steps 9 thru 12?…jim…balto.

Jim, yes in fact you were missing something. When I created this blog I had only posted the work sheets up until Step 8, as I was going through them with several sponsees. In the course of living the amazing life, and getting caught up with all the things I was so grateful for, I got away from the blog. I recently was reminded of it and have been catching up today – responding to comments and updating. Thank you so much for pointing out that I had failed to post the step work for these steps. I spent the last couple of hours adding them. Also, I apologize for the tardy reply – thanks again… James.

Great worksheets, Thank you for doing these. This displays service work at it’s best ;)……Mikey

Thank you and your welcome. Helping others (the opposite of what my life was all about before sobriety) helps make my life wonderful 🙂

i am working on 15 months march 4th. I’ve been in and out of the program for a decade. I have a sponsor now and this is the most honest and rewarding time its paid off. I’ve found many sites and this by far has been the most helpful. -thank you for your time

Oh wow thank you and congratulations. I just hit 32 years in January and I really have learned how to love life in sobriety – that’s my secret for staying sober, same and happy. Best wishes in your recovery. James

Thank you. My biggest leap was learning the difference between my sobriety and recovery. My sobriety is my clean count and my recovery is me being in sink with everything and enjoying life. I detached myself with the angry feeling of not being able to drink to the its okay feeling of accepting i chose not to drink. Night and day difference how I see things now. Hope to run into you in the rooms sometime. Congrats on 32yrs…

Your experience is perfectly in sync with mine. So grateful to know the difference, and even more so, to put the recovery into action. As a result I’m kinder, and more loving, to both myself and others. What a wonderful way to live life!

Very cool. Well thought out, well laid out and a huge help. I’ve been sober for some time and doing the steps again. This will be a huge help. Thanks for putting it together. You Rock!!!

Mike, thanks so much for the kudos. I’m grateful to be of service and part of the solution. It’s like the 11th step prayer “make me a channel..”. When I share my experience, strength and hope with you and others, it makes me feel good about who I am today. I’m not a religious guy per se, but I certainly understand the concept of being “born again”. The program gave me a second chance to recreate myself as a kind, loving, giving guy – the opposite of who I was in my drinking and using days. Enjoy the site and may your life continue to be one more wonderful each and every day – James 🙂

Do you happen to have free copies of this materials that you could send me. I have trouble navigate the internet on My phone. I have to get serious with my recovery as I am homebound after a life threatening illness. Thank-you. Please send to Cindy Squires. 113 1/2 N church St Hudson MI 49247.

Sure. I’ll print some up and put them in the mail. Glad to see you’re on the road to recovery (physically and emotionally) and grateful to be able to help a little. James.

Thanks so much I’m. Still not. Used to the whole. Online but I am glad to find you.

hi everyone….jennifer here., alcoholic sobriety date march 12, 2014. back from a relapse

Jennifer the longest any of us has is 24 hours at a time. Congratulations for coming back!

Way to go Jennifer!! You are back…I had one of those as well…it takes what it takes…thank God you and I came back…Much love and support….thanks James Q for these fantastic resources…Thank you for your service to others. Paige

Totally agree with you Paige, I too am grateful she came back. The record time for sobriety is one day – at a time. Thanks for your support!

thanks you guys. i received my 60 day chip tonight!!!

Yahoo!!! Jennifer that’s so awesome congratulations!!!👍👍👍

I am so glad to have met you here in Beantown, MA. I REALLY NEEDED A BOOST IN MY PROGRAM, etc… And my HP brought you here for me:-). I understand there were other reasons you were here, but am I ever glad to have met you and been put in touch with you.

Great to meet you too Christopher!

Thank you so much for posting this. I am in AA and NA and plan to use these tools for both!

Awesome. You’re welcome. Enjoy!

Just found this site today, have spent the last few hours enjoying every bit of it!!! Must say I have found the readings/writings inspiring, and think the WorkSheets are wonderful!!!

I’m so glad you enjoy it!

Was wanting na worksheet

I’m sorry Renee, though I’ve read some of the NA books and been to several NA meetings and definitely consider myself a drug addict & alcoholic in recovery my primary experience in recovery is AA and AlAnon. For those reasons I don’t have NA sheets. However, if you would like to work with me and provide suggested changes on the AA sheets to bring them more in line with the NA program, I would be happy to reformat them. Let me know. James 😉

I can’t seem to get the worksheets to download. Can you offer any suggestions?

I’m not sure what platform you’re on – mac or pc – or what the exact problem is. Can you email me at jamesquine at aol dot com?

I just started working with a very confused Sponsee who questions everything and needs guidelines. The information and worksheets you have provided on this site are the BEST I’ve ever seen. They are inspiring me to re-work the Steps! Wow! Thank you for sharing your experience, strength and hope! God Bless! Hermene

Awesome. Glad it all helps. If you need anything else please feel free to ask. James 🙂

Looked at several worksheets online and yours were by far my favorite. Printing up a folder now. Thanks for your service to your fellows, and helping us all stay sober one day at a time.

Glad I could share them with you and everyone else. Enjoy!

I have no way to print any of these. I Need ALL of them. Of anyone could do a HUGE Favor & Send me these worksheets. PLEASE PLEASE email me at (email blocked) for my address. Please help me SAVE MY LIFE!!!!

Got the message. Sent them to your email. Best wishes for sobriety, recovery and happiness!

I want to use the Powerless Tool Worksheet in a book I’m creating for a 12 step group do I have your permission to use it as is in the book? I’m afraid this maybe a copyright infringement.

Sure but it needs a bit of updating. Hit me up at [email protected] and I’ll send you an updated version then post it on this site. I can also give you a written permission letter. James!

Merry Christmas. Thank you for this wonderful sight. I am fresh out of rehab and was having some difficulties. Having a very hard time finding womens groups in my area and needed more for myself to learn the steps until I have a home group and sponsor.. Again thank you so very much

Congratulations Allison! You never have to drink or use again. I’m glad some of the tools here are helping. I do want to encourage you to find a sponsor, even if you’re in a remote area. You can always get a temporary phone sponsor too. If you need I can give you some references. May you have a safe and sober holiday season!

I love your worksheets! Do I have your permission to repost them on my blog? Thank you so much for your service!

Absolutely! Spread the message and love 🙂

Like Liked by 1 person

Awesome! Thank you!!

You’re welcome! 🙂

You’re welcome!!!

The are Amazing worksheets and so helpful. I’ve been looking for something that will put the step work in a clear focused manner. I think these will be perfect! Thank you so much for your generous time and loving hearts!

Awesome! So happy you like them! 🙂

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An academic essay is a focused piece of writing that develops an idea or argument using evidence, analysis, and interpretation.

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The writing process of preparation, writing, and revisions applies to every essay or paper, but the time and effort spent on each stage depends on the type of essay .

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• Define a topic: If you’re allowed to choose your own topic , try to pick something that you already know a bit about and that will hold your interest.
• Do your research: Read  primary and secondary sources and take notes to help you work out your position and angle on the topic. You’ll use these as evidence for your points.
• Come up with a thesis:  The thesis is the central point or argument that you want to make. A clear thesis is essential for a focused essay—you should keep referring back to it as you write.
• Create an outline: Map out the rough structure of your essay in an outline . This makes it easier to start writing and keeps you on track as you go.

Once you’ve got a clear idea of what you want to discuss, in what order, and what evidence you’ll use, you’re ready to start writing.

The introduction sets the tone for your essay. It should grab the reader’s interest and inform them of what to expect. The introduction generally comprises 10–20% of the text.

1. Hook your reader

The first sentence of the introduction should pique your reader’s interest and curiosity. This sentence is sometimes called the hook. It might be an intriguing question, a surprising fact, or a bold statement emphasizing the relevance of the topic.

Let’s say we’re writing an essay about the development of Braille (the raised-dot reading and writing system used by visually impaired people). Our hook can make a strong statement about the topic:

The invention of Braille was a major turning point in the history of disability.

2. Provide background on your topic

Next, it’s important to give context that will help your reader understand your argument. This might involve providing background information, giving an overview of important academic work or debates on the topic, and explaining difficult terms. Don’t provide too much detail in the introduction—you can elaborate in the body of your essay.

3. Present the thesis statement

Next, you should formulate your thesis statement— the central argument you’re going to make. The thesis statement provides focus and signals your position on the topic. It is usually one or two sentences long. The thesis statement for our essay on Braille could look like this:

As the first writing system designed for blind people’s needs, Braille was a groundbreaking new accessibility tool. It not only provided practical benefits, but also helped change the cultural status of blindness.

4. Map the structure

In longer essays, you can end the introduction by briefly describing what will be covered in each part of the essay. This guides the reader through your structure and gives a preview of how your argument will develop.

The invention of Braille marked a major turning point in the history of disability. The writing system of raised dots used by blind and visually impaired people was developed by Louis Braille in nineteenth-century France. In a society that did not value disabled people in general, blindness was particularly stigmatized, and lack of access to reading and writing was a significant barrier to social participation. The idea of tactile reading was not entirely new, but existing methods based on sighted systems were difficult to learn and use. As the first writing system designed for blind people’s needs, Braille was a groundbreaking new accessibility tool. It not only provided practical benefits, but also helped change the cultural status of blindness. This essay begins by discussing the situation of blind people in nineteenth-century Europe. It then describes the invention of Braille and the gradual process of its acceptance within blind education. Subsequently, it explores the wide-ranging effects of this invention on blind people’s social and cultural lives.

Write your essay introduction

The body of your essay is where you make arguments supporting your thesis, provide evidence, and develop your ideas. Its purpose is to present, interpret, and analyze the information and sources you have gathered to support your argument.

Length of the body text

The length of the body depends on the type of essay. On average, the body comprises 60–80% of your essay. For a high school essay, this could be just three paragraphs, but for a graduate school essay of 6,000 words, the body could take up 8–10 pages.

Paragraph structure

To give your essay a clear structure , it is important to organize it into paragraphs . Each paragraph should be centered around one main point or idea.

That idea is introduced in a  topic sentence . The topic sentence should generally lead on from the previous paragraph and introduce the point to be made in this paragraph. Transition words can be used to create clear connections between sentences.

After the topic sentence, present evidence such as data, examples, or quotes from relevant sources. Be sure to interpret and explain the evidence, and show how it helps develop your overall argument.

Lack of access to reading and writing put blind people at a serious disadvantage in nineteenth-century society. Text was one of the primary methods through which people engaged with culture, communicated with others, and accessed information; without a well-developed reading system that did not rely on sight, blind people were excluded from social participation (Weygand, 2009). While disabled people in general suffered from discrimination, blindness was widely viewed as the worst disability, and it was commonly believed that blind people were incapable of pursuing a profession or improving themselves through culture (Weygand, 2009). This demonstrates the importance of reading and writing to social status at the time: without access to text, it was considered impossible to fully participate in society. Blind people were excluded from the sighted world, but also entirely dependent on sighted people for information and education.

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The conclusion is the final paragraph of an essay. It should generally take up no more than 10–15% of the text . A strong essay conclusion :

• Returns to your thesis
• Ties together your main points
• Shows why your argument matters

A great conclusion should finish with a memorable or impactful sentence that leaves the reader with a strong final impression.

What not to include in a conclusion

To make your essay’s conclusion as strong as possible, there are a few things you should avoid. The most common mistakes are:

• Including new arguments or evidence
• Undermining your arguments (e.g. “This is just one approach of many”)
• Using concluding phrases like “To sum up…” or “In conclusion…”

Braille paved the way for dramatic cultural changes in the way blind people were treated and the opportunities available to them. Louis Braille’s innovation was to reimagine existing reading systems from a blind perspective, and the success of this invention required sighted teachers to adapt to their students’ reality instead of the other way around. In this sense, Braille helped drive broader social changes in the status of blindness. New accessibility tools provide practical advantages to those who need them, but they can also change the perspectives and attitudes of those who do not.

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Checklist: Essay

My essay follows the requirements of the assignment (topic and length ).

My introduction sparks the reader’s interest and provides any necessary background information on the topic.

My introduction contains a thesis statement that states the focus and position of the essay.

I use paragraphs to structure the essay.

I use topic sentences to introduce each paragraph.

Each paragraph has a single focus and a clear connection to the thesis statement.

I make clear transitions between paragraphs and ideas.

My conclusion doesn’t just repeat my points, but draws connections between arguments.

I don’t introduce new arguments or evidence in the conclusion.

I have given an in-text citation for every quote or piece of information I got from another source.

I have included a reference page at the end of my essay, listing full details of all my sources.

My citations and references are correctly formatted according to the required citation style .

My essay has an interesting and informative title.

I have followed all formatting guidelines (e.g. font, page numbers, line spacing).

Your essay meets all the most important requirements. Our editors can give it a final check to help you submit with confidence.

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An essay is a focused piece of writing that explains, argues, describes, or narrates.

In high school, you may have to write many different types of essays to develop your writing skills.

Academic essays at college level are usually argumentative : you develop a clear thesis about your topic and make a case for your position using evidence, analysis and interpretation.

The structure of an essay is divided into an introduction that presents your topic and thesis statement , a body containing your in-depth analysis and arguments, and a conclusion wrapping up your ideas.

The structure of the body is flexible, but you should always spend some time thinking about how you can organize your essay to best serve your ideas.

Your essay introduction should include three main things, in this order:

• An opening hook to catch the reader’s attention.
• Relevant background information that the reader needs to know.
• A thesis statement that presents your main point or argument.

The length of each part depends on the length and complexity of your essay .

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

A topic sentence is a sentence that expresses the main point of a paragraph . Everything else in the paragraph should relate to the topic sentence.

At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts (except exams and in-class exercises).

Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.

The exact format of your citations depends on which citation style you are instructed to use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago .

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How to Write a Perfect Assignment: Step-By-Step Guide

Table of contents

• 1 How to Structure an Assignment?
• 2.1 The research part
• 2.2 Planning your text
• 2.3 Writing major parts
• 3 Expert Tips for your Writing Assignment
• 4 Will I succeed with my assignments?
• 5 Conclusion

How to Structure an Assignment?

To cope with assignments, you should familiarize yourself with the tips on formatting and presenting assignments or any written paper, which are given below. It is worth paying attention to the content of the paper, making it structured and understandable so that ideas are not lost and thoughts do not refute each other.

If the topic is free or you can choose from the given list — be sure to choose the one you understand best. Especially if that could affect your semester score or scholarship. It is important to select an  engaging title that is contextualized within your topic. A topic that should captivate you or at least give you a general sense of what is needed there. It’s easier to dwell upon what interests you, so the process goes faster.

To construct an assignment structure, use outlines. These are pieces of text that relate to your topic. It can be ideas, quotes, all your thoughts, or disparate arguments. Type in everything that you think about. Separate thoughts scattered across the sheets of Word will help in the next step.

Then it is time to form the text. At this stage, you have to form a coherent story from separate pieces, where each new thought reinforces the previous one, and one idea smoothly flows into another.

Main Steps of Assignment Writing

These are steps to take to get a worthy paper. If you complete these step-by-step, your text will be among the most exemplary ones.

The research part

If the topic is unique and no one has written about it yet, look at materials close to this topic to gain thoughts about it. You should feel that you are ready to express your thoughts. Also, while reading, get acquainted with the format of the articles, study the details, collect material for your thoughts, and accumulate different points of view for your article. Be careful at this stage, as the process can help you develop your ideas. If you are already struggling here, pay for assignment to be done , and it will be processed in a split second via special services. These services are especially helpful when the deadline is near as they guarantee fast delivery of high-quality papers on any subject.

If you use Google to search for material for your assignment, you will, of course, find a lot of information very quickly. Still, the databases available on your library’s website will give you the clearest and most reliable facts that satisfy your teacher or professor. Be sure you copy the addresses of all the web pages you will use when composing your paper, so you don’t lose them. You can use them later in your bibliography if you add a bit of description! Select resources and extract quotes from them that you can use while working. At this stage, you may also create a  request for late assignment if you realize the paper requires a lot of effort and is time-consuming. This way, you’ll have a backup plan if something goes wrong.

Planning your text

Assemble a layout. It may be appropriate to use the structure of the paper of some outstanding scientists in your field and argue it in one of the parts. As the planning progresses, you can add suggestions that come to mind. If you use citations that require footnotes, and if you use single spacing throughout the paper and double spacing at the end, it will take you a very long time to make sure that all the citations are on the exact pages you specified! Add a reference list or bibliography. If you haven’t already done so, don’t put off writing an essay until the last day. It will be more difficult to do later as you will be stressed out because of time pressure.

Writing major parts

It happens that there is simply no mood or strength to get started and zero thoughts. In that case, postpone this process for 2-3 hours, and, perhaps, soon, you will be able to start with renewed vigor. Writing essays is a great (albeit controversial) way to improve your skills. This experience will not be forgotten. It will certainly come in handy and bring many benefits in the future. Do your best here because asking for an extension is not always possible, so you probably won’t have time to redo it later. And the quality of this part defines the success of the whole paper.

Writing the major part does not mean the matter is finished. To review the text, make sure that the ideas of the introduction and conclusion coincide because such a discrepancy is the first thing that will catch the reader’s eye and can spoil the impression. Add or remove anything from your intro to edit it to fit the entire paper. Also, check your spelling and grammar to ensure there are no typos or draft comments. Check the sources of your quotes so that your it is honest and does not violate any rules. And do not forget the formatting rules.

with the right tips and guidance, it can be easier than it looks. To make the process even more straightforward, students can also use an assignment service to get the job done. This way they can get professional assistance and make sure that their assignments are up to the mark. At PapersOwl, we provide a professional writing service where students can order custom-made assignments that meet their exact requirements.

Expert Tips for your Writing Assignment

Want to write like a pro? Here’s what you should consider:

• Save the document! Send the finished document by email to yourself so you have a backup copy in case your computer crashes.
• Don’t wait until the last minute to complete a list of citations or a bibliography after the paper is finished. It will be much longer and more difficult, so add to them as you go.
• If you find a lot of information on the topic of your search, then arrange it in a separate paragraph.
• If possible, choose a topic that you know and are interested in.
• Believe in yourself! If you set yourself up well and use your limited time wisely, you will be able to deliver the paper on time.
• Do not copy information directly from the Internet without citing them.

Writing assignments is a tedious and time-consuming process. It requires a lot of research and hard work to produce a quality paper. However, if you are feeling overwhelmed or having difficulty understanding the concept, you may want to consider getting accounting homework help online . Professional experts can assist you in understanding how to complete your assignment effectively. PapersOwl.com offers expert help from highly qualified and experienced writers who can provide you with the homework help you need.

Will I succeed with my assignments?

Anyone can learn how to be good at writing: follow simple rules of creating the structure and be creative where it is appropriate. At one moment, you will need some additional study tools, study support, or solid study tips. And you can easily get help in writing assignments or any other work. This is especially useful since the strategy of learning how to write an assignment can take more time than a student has.

Therefore all students are happy that there is an option to  order your paper at a professional service to pass all the courses perfectly and sleep still at night. You can also find the sample of the assignment there to check if you are on the same page and if not — focus on your papers more diligently.

So, in the times of studies online, the desire and skill to research and write may be lost. Planning your assignment carefully and presenting arguments step-by-step is necessary to succeed with your homework. When going through your references, note the questions that appear and answer them, building your text. Create a cover page, proofread the whole text, and take care of formatting. Feel free to use these rules for passing your next assignments.

When it comes to writing an assignment, it can be overwhelming and stressful, but Papersowl is here to make it easier for you. With a range of helpful resources available, Papersowl can assist you in creating high-quality written work, regardless of whether you’re starting from scratch or refining an existing draft. From conducting research to creating an outline, and from proofreading to formatting, the team at Papersowl has the expertise to guide you through the entire writing process and ensure that your assignment meets all the necessary requirements.

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How to Write an English Assignment

Last Updated: December 6, 2021

wikiHow is a “wiki,” similar to Wikipedia, which means that many of our articles are co-written by multiple authors. To create this article, 20 people, some anonymous, worked to edit and improve it over time. This article has been viewed 48,544 times.

Writing an English assignment can be troublesome at times. The students lack the proper information which is required to write an assignment. Apart from this there are many more things which are necessary for an assignment writing and such things are highlighted in this article.

• Take second advice from a close friend. Some mistakes you may not see or be used to seeing, and a second opinion can help catch some of the mistakes that you won't see the first time through.

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• ↑ https://www.openpolytechnic.ac.nz/current-students/study-tips-and-techniques/assignments/step-by-step-guide-to-assignment-writing/
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/understanding-assignments/
• ↑ https://www.uq.edu.au/student-services/learning/structuring-your-assignment
• ↑ https://www.uts.edu.au/current-students/support/helps/self-help-resources/academic-writing

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Good Samaritan steps up in deadly Rogers Park shooting

A bar owner’s quick thinking saves a life. james smith jr., 33, was killed in the attack, and a man walking his dog was wounded. tuesday’s shooting was the second in a month near morse avenue..

Two men were shot at Glenwood and Morse avenues in Rogers Park about 11:15 a.m. Tuesday. One man was killed. The other survived thanks to quick thinking by a bar owner who was celebrating his birthday.

Tyler Pasciak LaRiviere/Sun-Times

Relaxing on his 47th birthday wasn't in the cards for Erik Archambeault as the day took an unexpected turn.

Shortly before noon Tuesday, Archambeault heard gunshots and ran to help a man walking his dog who got caught in crossfire when a shooter jumped out of a car and opened fire, killing James Craig Smith Jr. and injuring the dog walker.

Both Smith, 33, and the 41-year-old dog walker were shot in the back.

They were in the 6900 block of North Glenwood Avenue, near the Morse Red Line station, when a man got out of a gray Ford Edge, approached and began firing shots in their direction, police said.

“My general manager and I were working, and we heard pop, pop, pop. I was like, ‘Those are gunshots! Duck!' ” said Archambeault, who lives in Rogers Park and owns Rogers Park Social, a bar and a gift shop on Glenwood.

Surveillance footage showed the man walking his dog down North Glenwood Avenue before tumbling to the ground near Smith, who had also collapsed.

The shooter, who had chased Smith before shooting him, sped away in the Ford, according to a police report.

Archambeault was in his bar and ran outside after he heard “nine to 12 gunshots" and saw the dog walker “walking quickly down the street,” toward the bar, crying out that he had been shot.

“I was like, ‘Get inside, lay on the couch, and let me look at your wound,' ” Archambeault said.

Archambeault grabbed towels to put pressure on the wound, while the general manager, 41-year-old Wally Andersen, brought ice. They stayed with him until paramedics arrived.

Both victims were shot in the back and were taken by paramedics to St. Francis Hospital in Evanston, said Larry Langford, a spokesman for the fire department.

An autopsy performed Wednesday determined that Smith, who lives in Broadview, died of multiple gunshot wounds, and his death was ruled a homicide, according to the medical examiner's office.

Ald. Maria Hadden (49th), whose office is near the L station, said on social media that the shooting “appears to be targeted.”

“One individual on foot going after another individual. Someone else was hit with a bullet,” Hadden said.

No one is in custody.

Alicia Lopez, 55, of Rogers Park, was working the front desk at a foot and ankle clinic next to the train station when she witnessed the attack.

“I just saw two guys. They were shooting at each other,” she said.

Archambeault said that he’s unfortunately “grown accustomed” to shootings. The stretch of Morse Avenue has seen two shootings in the last month, he said.

When he hears gunshots, Archambeault knows to “duck and protect.” He said he has expressed concerns about safety to the police before. “We see stuff the police don’t,” he said.

Andersen, from Rogers Park, said he is hopeful that he will see more preventive measures.

“This is not the first time that we've been involved with something like this,” Archambeault said.

He looked after the dog walker's pet until the owner was released from the hospital.

"It was a crazy birthday — a lot more energy than I anticipated putting in," he said.

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Step wooster visits historic law-reed-huss farm, breadcrumb menu.

By Eric Williams

On Sunday, March 24 th , The Ohio State University Wooster campus STEP Program was invited to tour the historic Huss Family farm and museum in Uhrichsville, Ohio. The Second Year Transformational Experience Program at the Wooster campus was invited to tour the grounds by Dr. William (Bill) Huss.

Dr. Huss learned about the Wooster campus STEP program while researching different programs in the area. Dr. Huss found the program to be innovative and worked with Wooster STEP coordinator, Penny Nemitz, to learn more about the program and to facilitate a student visit to his expansive and beautiful mid-19 th  century farmstead.

The student attendees ranged from past, present and future STEP students. Emma Leggett and Laura Scholl were 2023 STEP students. Jacob Stiltner, Trenton Horner, Ellen Fuller and Cambell Warrington are current STEP students in 2024. Daniel Hinojosa and Caleb Bennett are joining for next year.  We also had Lexi Schmidt, Landscape Horticulture major who was very interested in the crops and flora over the years on the farm.

Historic Huss farm features the original mid 1800’s farmhouse that has remained largely untouched for nearly a century, making the rooms and materials therein a time capsule of space and ephemera. Dr. Huss has worked diligently to preserve and recreate the living spaces of his various ancestors with rooms “feeling” like they would in World War I, the American Gilded Age, and the Depression. Students were treated to a guided tour of the locations by Dr. Huss himself and were delighted by the antiquity they literally were walking through.  Dr. Linden, Dr. Williams , P.Nemitz and the student attendees were incredibly gratified by the full experience and duly grateful to Dr. Huss for his hospitality and providing this fantastic learning experience.

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Kyle Bradish To Begin Rehab Assignment

By Darragh McDonald | April 10, 2024 at 5:25pm CDT

The Orioles announced yesterday that Kyle Bradish has joined the squad at High-A Aberdeen and will begin a rehab assignment soon. He’s been on the 15-day injured list since the beginning of the season.

The news is surely pleasant for fans of the O’s, especially considering where things stood just a couple of months ago. Back in the middle of February, Bradish was diagnosed with a sprained ulnar collateral ligament in his right elbow. Since that is the ligament that is repaired in Tommy John surgery, many began to fret that Bradish would need to go under the knife and miss the entire 2024 season and perhaps even part of 2025 as well.

Instead, Bradish received a platelet-rich plasma injection and began a throwing program. Just a few weeks after the initial diagnosis of the sprain, general manager Mike Elias relayed that subsequent MRIs had shown “accelerated healing” of the ligament. The fact that he’s now set to embark on a rehab assignment suggests that things have continued to progress in a positive direction.

The Orioles went into the offseason with a strong roster but the rotation was clearly a relatively weaker part of it. They did make a huge trade to acquire Corbin Burnes but the group still felt a bit lackluster, especially since the O’s could have done more. With a farm system that’s considered by some to be the best in the league and almost no future payroll commitments, they could have done more trading or made a splash in free agency. The latter scenario was especially open to the O’s as starting pitchers languished on the open market well after Bradish’s injury diagnosis, including big names like Blake Snell and Jordan Montgomery or even back-of-the-rotation types like Michael Lorenzen .

The injury to Bradish and the continued absence of John Means left Baltimore with a rotation of Burnes, Grayson Rodriguez , Tyler Wells , Dean Kremer and Cole Irvin to open the year. Last year, Irvin had a 4.81 ERA as a starter and got moved to the bullpen frequently. Wells had a 3.64 ERA last year but with an unsustainable .200 batting average on balls in play and 82.6% strand rate, which is why his 4.98 FIP and 4.19 SIERA weren’t as impressive.

With Bradish now on the mend, that group will be bolstered in a few weeks, assuming everything goes smooth with the rehab. Bradish had a 2.98 ERA last year over his 30 starts. He combined a 25% strikeout rate with a 6.6% walk rate and 49.2% ground ball rate, with all three of those being a few ticks better than league average. The O’s have not moved him to the 60-day IL, so he’ll be eligible to be activated as soon as he’s healthy.

If Bradish returns and the other arms in the rotation are also healthy, the club will have to make a decision about who to bump out. Irvin is out of options but he could perhaps move to a long relief role in the bullpen if he’s the one squeezed out of the rotation.

17 Comments

LET’S GO O’S!!!!!

LET’S GO O’S!!!!!

Good news. There’s been a few, though, that the worst came to fruition after they actually started pitching again, but fingers crossed.

LET’S GO O’s!!!

LET’S O GO’S!

LET’S GO O’S!

…uh, let’s go O’s, I guess.

Has a PRP injection ever worked on a pitcher’s elbow? Meaning returned to pitching effectively without surgery? Not trolling, honest question. Seems like all this ever does is delay the inevitable by a few weeks.

Return in May, get through 6-7 weeks and get the surgery? Then the O’s get a SP at the deadline maybe? Brandish could return before 2025 playoffs.

Cole Hamels avoided it as did some others.

I believe Aaron Nola also avoided it as well.

This is good news, and lets hope that he can pitch effectively without the surgery. As others mentioned, the chances are pretty good that ends up being the result anyway. Hopefully he’s back because Irvin is inadequate. From watching him “feeling pretty good”, yesterday he had a lot of trouble hitting spots and managed to give up 5 runs, 7 hits, and 3 walks in 5.0 innings which simply is nowhere near good enough to have a spot on a supposedly contending rotation. The offense saved him yesterday.

Yea. Can’t stand how these guys make the money they do pitching well below mediocrity. There are a couple of guys in the minors who deserve a shot to start until Means and/or Bradish return.

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