assignment topic nationalism

138 Nationalism Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Are you looking for nationalism essay topics? This is a very complex subject, so you can be misled easily. Read our nationalism essay examples to discover the most fruitful issues.

🏆 Best Nationalism Essay Topics & Examples

👍 good nationalism essay examples, 💡 most interesting nationalism topics to write about, ❓ nationalism essay questions.

In your nationalism essay, you might want to focus on its key features or history. Another idea is to talk about the challenges of nationalism, discussing why it is a working idea or not. One more option is to research the history and formation of nationalism in different countries. Whether you are assigned to write an argumentative essay, research paper, or thesis on this topic, our article will be helpful. Here you’ll find everything you might need to write an A+ paper! Nationalism research questions, prompts, and title ideas are collected below. Best nationalism essay examples are also added to inspire you even more.

• Nationalism as a Problem by Partha Chatterjee The second chapter named ‘The Thematic and the problematic’ tries to distinguish between the thematic and the problematic levels of nationalist thought.
• Nationalism Versus Capitalism: Compare & Contrast According to Marxist philosopher, Herbert Marcuse, the main disadvantage of capitalism is prosperity that seduces workers with the items of comfort and makes them forget their primarily aim of overthrowing the capitalism.
• Features of Nationalism: Types and Stereotypes At the base of nationalism is the idea of nation as the supreme authority, which substitutes all other possible sources and guarantors of the highest value.
• Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire The battle of Nicopolis also saw the empire expand into other regions of the European continent but later, other conquests such as the battle of Ankara, the conquest of Constantinople and the invasion of Otranto […]
• Nationalism in World War II Another critical “nation-statehood making” is the break of the Soviet Union and the end of cold war between Soviet Union republic and the United States.
• Nationalism in International Relations Given this interplay of international relations and nationalism, this paper examines the view that nationalism has been and continues to be the most significant force in international relations.
• African Nationalism as Colonial Legacy The oppression of rural areas and production and the prioritization of the urban population has become the main reason for the spread of poverty among the African population.
• Linguistic Nationalism in Korea Under Japanese Occupation The present paper focuses on the review of studies dedicated to the Korean language’s status during Japan’s colonization and discusses how Koreans tried to defend their language and nation’s rights.
• Has Nationalism Been a Unifying or Divisive Force During the 19th and 20th Centuries? It can therefore be said that colonial rule gave rise to the two forces of unifying nationalism and divisive tribalism and that the appropriate and legitimate framework for decolonization was nationalism, which emanated from the […]
• The Representation of Irish Nationalism In contrast, Joyce’s “The Dead” criticizes the cultural imperialism that threatens the harmony of the Irish and the revival of the Irish language and culture.
• Shinto Religion and Japanese Nationalism The kami was the first leader of the Japanese people who contributed to the creation of Japan as a state. They note that the style of dressing and the performance of rituals show that Shinto […]
• Reformation and Rise of Nationalism The country was then an already operational state was being ruled by monarchy.”The political and constitutional changes that came in the wake of the French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy […]
• Nineteenth Century Musical Nationalism: Important Milestones A great hero of Italian music and opera, Verdi is put in the front reference when it comes to music discussion, nineteenth century Italy and nationalism.
• The Role of Nationalism and National Identities in the Uae According to Patrick the UAE has yet to develop the concept of a nation as manifested by the increase in the public debate approaches to guard the national identity through amicably defining who is a […]
• Piano Music, Baroque and Nationalism Influences The keyboard music of the Baroque period has exhibited the features characteristic of the other forms of art of the period: the increasingly complex and ornate patterns and the virtuosic and exquisite nature of the […]
• Impact of Migration on Nationalism During the 19th Century In the 19th century, migration influenced nationalism since increased interactions led to the unity of purpose among citizens in various states. For instance, the migration of Europeans to African countries made the locals doubt the […]
• Revolutions, Nationalism, and Exploitation in the Modern World Many meaningful changes occurred between 1789 and 2001, including the French Revolution in the 1780s, German nationalism in the 1800s, and the Gulag repressions in the 1900s.
• Football and Nationalism in Argentina Among the most popular sports in Argentina is football with Boca Juniors and River Plate as some of the best-performing clubs hailing from the country. Despite political turmoil, Boca Juniors and River Plate transformed the […]
• The Nationalism Role During the French Revolution One of the most developed variants of this concept is the nationalism of the era of the French Revolution. In 1789, with the outbreak of the French Revolution, the idea of nationalism spread throughout France, […]
• Nationalism in Austria, Germany and Italy Italy and Germany were able to become the major political powers only through unification under a robust national idea, with the domination of the Austrian Empire serving as the catalyst of this process.
• Quebec Separation: Nationalism, History, and Benefits The French government did not want to invest in the colony, and it granted the development of the settlement to a trading company, which was given a monopoly on the fur trade and was to […]
• White Nationalism as a Growing Problem in Society The group seeks to protect the survival and domination of the white race and the traditional cultures of the historically white communities.
• Nationalism in the Context of Globalization It is important to understand the idea of nationalism through the relationship between the concepts of state and nation. In other words, the crisis of citizenship is rooted in the notion of the disappearance of […]
• Chinese and Taiwanese Nationalism However, if Taiwan succeeds in creating a shared feeling of nationhood uniting the Taiwanese and mainland newcomers, it may pose yet another challenge to China’s pursuit of unification in not only ethnic but national terms.
• Martial Arts Cinema and Nationalism The Chinese have mastered the uniqueness of their martial arts, thereby relying on them as one of the best and most powerful tools for promoting a sense of pride and nationalism.
• Nationalism in Europe Before WWI This movement was the result of effective propaganda and an aggressive policy aimed at the redistribution of territories and the seizure of power.
• A Critical Review of Nancy Ward: American Patriot or Cherokee Nationalist The article states that Nancy Ward’s actions come from her understanding of changes that Cherokee had to face, and her will to adapt to the changes rather than commit to American Patriotism or Cherokee nationalism.
• Imperialism, Colonialism, and Nationalism The concepts of imperialism, colonialism, and nationalism were particularly prominent and essential in the 19th and 20th centuries. In conclusion, imperialism, colonialism, and nationalism played a key role in the course of the 19th and […]
• Feminism and Nationalism: The Western World In this case, we find that feminism has been a different that all the time and therefore, it is impossible to predict the trend of feminism in future.
• Political Economy: Relationship Between Poverty, Inequality, and Nationalism The prevalence of nationalism leads to changes in the education system, as the government tries to justify the superiority of the country by altering the curriculum.
• Imperialism and Nationalism in Middle Eastern Politics Thus, in order to understand the political situation in the region, one needs proper knowledge of its history and the driving forces that led to the emergence of its contemporary countries.
• Nationalism and Identity Among Middle East Immigrants to Australia The common myth about the Muslim immigrants especially those from the middles east is that they have formed a unitary cultural identity.
• Architecture: Nationalism to Regionalism in Australia From the above description of the architecture, it is clear that it is a unique way of showing identities that vary from one civilization to the other, one ethnicity to the other, and from one […]
• Nietzsche’s Nihilism and the Rise of Ethnic Nationalism It was connected to the attempts of the philosopher to find a way out of the political and cultural crisis in Europe.
• Nationalism in the Postcolonial Viewpoint As such, the school of thought also challenges the notion that Western nationalism is the sole form of the phenomenon. This essay will discuss the dangers of nationalism, as seen from the postcolonial perspective, as […]
• Stokely Carmichael’s Contribution to Black Nationalism The purpose of the Meredith March was to create equal rights for black voters to remove the fear of many black people to cross Mississippi and to fight against racism.
• China’s Nationalism: Main Aspects The moral fabric of the Chinese people has become jeopardized by the beliefs of the masses and the support of the government.
• Nationalism in the Arab Literature The novel is focused on the events of the 1919 revolution in Egypt and the role of Arabian youth in it.
• Nationalism in the Context of the Japanese Nationalism in the context of the Japanese entails a very wide range of ideologies and sentiments that have been adopted by the Japanese people for the past two centuries concerning their native nation, the culture, […]
• “China’s New Nationalism” by Peter Hays Gries Gries argues that the two countries that matter the most to China are the US and Japan and that the evolving Chinese nationalism is in response to its interaction with these two nations.
• Serbian Nationalism Rise Main Factors The rising of nationalism at the time when the period of the late 1700s was coming to a close is associated with the multiplication of the thought of well-liked independence.
• Arab Masculinity and Nationalism, on the Example of Two Novels The novels Season of Migration to the North by Tayeb Salih and Beer in the Snooker Club by Waguih Ghali brightly reveal the story of two male heroes who are in constant search of a […]
• Nationalism of Southeast Asian Nations They authors portray the struggles of average people who strive to prove to themselves and to the rest of the world that they must not be treated as inferior or subhuman.
• Pan Asianism, Nationalism and Transnationalism Pan Asianism was the sole fuel to this war as Japan wanted to expand its interest in Asia in opposition of the western states.
• Nationalism Definition & Meaning There is no permission to target civilians in a war and all possible efforts must be made to avoid the killing of noncombatants.
• Why Nationalism Is a Gendered Realm While the man remains the central figure, the woman, as McClintock puts it, is the ‘boundary’ of what constitutes the nation; women are the mortar that holds the bricks together in the wall, important but […]
• Nationalism: Theories and Classification Expansionist nationalism; this is a form of nationalism that promotes the theory of expansion of a nation’s territories in an attempt to acquire more space or land to accommodate its people
• The History of Canadian Cultural Nationalism and Anti-Americanism This paper analyses the movements and the efforts taken to protect the cultural nationalism in Canada, and providing the idea that the reasons for such actions were not limited to opposing the Americanization, or specifically […]
• Nationalism and 19th Century Music It was in the wake of the nationalist revolts that rose out of 1848: the intention to demand freedom from the shackles of the Austrian Empire.
• The Relation of Music to Nationalism in the Work of Bedrich Smetana Composer This paper discusses and explores the following; the meaning and background of nationalism as a political and cultural force in the nineteenth century particularly in Europe, and the relation of music to nationalism exploring the […]
• China’s Rising Nationalism The supremacy of pride in Confucianism civilization is present in the nationalists in China. In Chinese nationalism nowadays, Intellectuals contribute significantly and they have become a major dividing force in the politics and ideology of […]
• The Nature of Modern Chinese Nationalism The Chinese people have different opinions on what would form a stronger China as well as the state’s structure, the goal of the Chinese State and the forms of foreign relations that would best fit […]
• Liberalism and Nationalism in Western Civilization The concepts of liberalism and nationalism are typically a western construct of rational, reasoning, objective, and analytical traditions which have their origins in the Greek civilization, the world’s first progenitors of city-states and democracies.
• German National Consciousness Much was needed to instill a sense of German identity and common political ambition, a feeling of belonging together as one nation, into the populations of the central European states, Protestant and Catholic alike, the […]
• Meiji Nationalism and Its Characteristics A key element in Japan Nationalism was the concerted effort by the government to re-invented tradition to rally people behind the cause of modernization. Due to this divine origin, Japanese were expected to entrust the […]
• Nationalism as a Liberating and an Enslaving Force For instance, nationalism was the underlying ideology behind the American Revolutionary War of 1775, which ultimately led to the independence of the country.
• Nationalism as a Liberating and Enslaving Force Wien acknowledges that this kind of nationalism can be used as a powerful force for supporting the viability and sustainability of a country.
• Nationalism in Premodern Korea and Other Nations The first and most important argument, according to the proponents of the theory, is the identity of the language and the related reason for the primary separation of groups of people.
• Proto-Nationalism in Korea and Other Nations Since 1780 The reading also touches upon the topic of language and the role it plays in the evolution of proto-nationalism and the promotion of its ideas across the globe. What is the role of proto-nationalism in […]
• Proto-Nationalism in Premodern Korea and Since 1780 Hobsbawm discusses the reasons and the ways of the concept of “national patriotism” becoming a powerful political force within a short time.
• Asian Studies. Christianity, Nationalism, and Chineseness The Christianization of Japan was a prerogative of the crown of Portugal, which aimed at establishing a profitable trade and at preaching the Christian faith to the native people.
• Nationalist Ideologies’ Rise in the 19th Century The growing popularity of nationalist ideologies in the 19th century was as a result of the following factors. Many people were exposed to political knowledge as a result of the spread of nationalist ideologies.
• New States and Nationalism in International Arena Globalization and the current international arena are hostile to all new states and that makes their entrance a nightmare that they wish to overcome.
• Ethnicity and Nationalism In the chapter, the author lists a number of different approaches to studying the position of women in society. This is a very interesting application and extension of the ideas expressed in Peggy Macintosh’s article […]
• American Culture and U.S. Nationalism I am convinced that the American culture is one of the best cultures in the world. This has seen my appreciation of the American culture.
• Conservatism, Nationalism, Socialism as Ideologies From the time of its establishment, the term has been used in the description of a broad range of views about political science.
• Sports Role in the Imperialism and Nationalism Development In that case, it is an indication of certain developments within the nation’s country that promote the ideas of inequality and superiority, such as the ideas of imperialism and nationalism.
• The Concept of Nationalism: Theory, Ideology, and History Instances of nationalism provided in the annals of history are the rise of Nazi Germany or the Arab nationalism. Nationalism and national identity is created through this common sense of the nation.
• Korean Nationalism: Yi Hangno and Ch’oe Ikhyŏn In fact, they are quite sharp in their writings; for example, Ch’oe Ikhy n refers to the Japanese as people who “have the face of human beings but the mind of beasts” and repeatedly refers […]
• The Ideology of Nationalism: People’s Common Identity This is by his sentiment that the study of ethnicity and nationality is in large part the study of politically induced cultural change.
• Anglo-American Relations, Freedom and Nationalism Thus, in his reflection on the nature of the interrelations between two powerful empires, which arose at the end of the 19th century, the writer argues that the striving of the British Empire and the […]
• Nationalism and Women in Literary Works In Season of Migration to the North, Hosna Bint Mahmoud supports the nationalist activities of the unnamed narrator. She, like the narrator, is opposed to the oppression of women.
• Nationalism and Colonialism in Arab Literature In brief, the narrative mainly starts as a “love and romance story” that portrays the life of Muhsin, his love with Saniya and state of jealous in his family.
• Middle Eastern Nationalism in 1914-1950 Western countries were interested in having the control over the countries in the region as they wanted to have access to their resources and wanted to make sure that the governments will be loyal to […]
• Role of Nationalism in Developed Democracies Some analysts are of the view that the people include the entire population of the world while others observe that homogeneity is always considered when talking about the people.
• Asian Studies: Vietnamese Nationalism The decline of the colonial rule in Vietnam gave rise to the development of the nationalist movement in this country. In particular, one should focus on the views of Phan Chu Trinh, Ho Chi Minh, […]
• Is It Possible to Imagine Nationalism Without the Nation? The historical development of the notion of nationalism streams from the ancient politics that witnessed the dramatic emergence of the French Revolution of 1789 that marked the formation of the first ‘nation-state’.
• German Nationalism and Its Effects There has been an extensive account of a favorite cultural model in Germany, even prior to the augmentation of the National Socialists and their capitalization on the initiative of the Volksgemeinschaft in the 1930s and […]
• Nationalism in the Modern-Day World He says that in the developed countries of Europe, Asia and the United States of America industrialization and a strong economic base has in particular led to rise of nationalism in them.
• The Nationalism and Islam in the Middle East Region The discovery of crude oil in the region during the 20th century has changed the fortunes of the region. The issue of the Jewish resettlement in the Middle East has been viewed as central to […]
• Nationalism and Its 19th Century History Although the majority of nations in Europe were established during the 20th century, it is worth to note that the events leading to the creation of these states took place during the 19th century.
• Nationalism and Its 19th Century History From a Moral and Functional Perspective France used nationalism to unite the state against its enemies, and this showed the morality of nationalism. The paper first describes the nature and history of nationalism.
• Nationalism and Identity Among Middle East Immigrants in Australia The enumerators are given required training and sent to the field with specific questions to guide them on the type of information to be collected. The researcher visited libraries and the internet to obtain critical […]
• Battle of Verdun: Nationalism and Pride Based on the account of Horne and the opinions presented in this paper, it can be stated that the entire battle of Verdun was complete was of human life and shows how nationalism and pride […]
• Ethnic Nationalism Among People The researcher also notes that the conflicts are inevitable in the contemporary globalized world as people witness the differences between the cultures.
• When the War Comes to an End: Expansion, Panic and Surge of Nationalism Leading to a numerous alterations in the sphere of the international relationships between the United States and the rest of the world, the 1812 war heralded a new era in the development of the USA […]
• Nationalism Does Not Form a Single Fraternal Community Now that a description of the Argentinean historical and political discourse has been given, it is crucial to link this to the divergent occurrence of nationalism in the country.
• Australian Nationalism and Middle East Immigrants The objective of this essay is to provide an overview of the what Australian nationalism and identity means to the Middle East immigrants in Australia Nationalism and Identity among Middle East Immigrants to Australia According […]
• International Entrepreneurship: Competing Models of Nationalism Ralston Saul, the author of ‘The Collapse of Globalism and the Reinvention of the World’, as well as Ronkainen Czinkota, Sutton-Brady, and Beal, the authors of ‘International Marketing: Asia Pacific Edition’ come in handy to […]
• Nationalist State in Southern Africa The country is ranked as the biggest economy in Africa and is the 28th largest economy in the world. In 1820s, the Dutch and the British acquired land in the north and east of South […]
• History of Black Nationalism The black movement passed a message of thinking about the racial identity and the empowerment of the free blacks in the United States.
• Restoration and Nationalism The main objective of restoration and nationalism was to liberate people from foreign rule and also to create cohesiveness among members of certain ethnic groups. This increased extensive force of nationalism and the empires were […]
• Nationalism in Korean Cinema In the course of his duty as a police officer, he arrest citizens and in the process tortures one by the name Myongsik in attempt to maintain order in the society that is marred with […]
• Ethnic Nationalism in the Modern World Therefore, it still remains that ethnonationalism is a major cause of the plight of minority groups and the increase of refugees in the world today. It was this ethnic mixing that led to the idea […]
• Nationalism and Changing Roles Nationalism has various effects to the people involved and this paper looks into the effects of nationalism on the roles of the working class, women, and minorities in an effort to achieve political power through […]
• History of Nationalist Ideologies The dominance of global politics and values by nationalist ideologies can be traced back to the ninetieth century, from the Romantic concept, “cultural diversity” and the liberal’s argument that political legitimacy is only achieved from […]
• Nationalism and Its Negative Effects in the Modern World This is the difference between a nationalism of a nation that interferes with the rights of other nations as it strives to uphold its own objectives and a nationalism that is sensitive to the rights […]
• The Concept and History of Liberal Nationalism It can be argued that it is only in the “Age of Renaissance where one can find the emergence of this particular idea, the idea that a group of people came together to form an […]
• New Nationalism: Origins and Effects The movement concentrated on issues relating to history of man and the intrigues of civilization. This brought a new dimension to understanding of social situations and the required procedure for diffusing upheavals in society.
• Rise and Development of Nationalism in East Asia Even though much of the concerns about the alteration of the dressing to have the capacity to erode the culture of the Chinese people concerned what women wore in the ninetieth century, the link between […]
• Nationalism as a Political Occurrence Anthony Smith recognized five ways of using nationalism: the entire procedure of developing and preserving a nation; a source of sense of belonging and patriotism to the nation; symbolization to the nation; a political orientation […]
• Nationalism’s Opposing Meanings In this publication, Anderson referred to the constructed nature of culture and the role of print capitalism in nationalism. The Revolution attracted the National Guard, the militia, and a section of the army.
• GCC Countries: National Identity or Radical Nationalism Still going on, the conflict which was further referred to as the ‘Saudi national debate’ has transcended the boundaries of critiquing the political issues in the state and has become the voice of the national […]
• Marx’s Anticipation of the Nationalism and Imperialism of the Second Half of the 19th Century The process of civilization is nothing other than a typical and complete adoption or duplication of the injurious culture of the west.
• Religious Hypocrisy in Dublin and Nationalism As Benstock argues, the priest is in near state of mind breakdown as he is in the verge of losing the faith that he proclaimed in the church.
• Influence of Nationalism and Communism on the Non-Western World In countries like Japan, class mantra was the order of the day in the areas that were controlled by communists, the CCP which was the main political party was against agrarian radicalism and hence abandoned […]
• Adolf Hitler and Nationalism The war would also bring the downfall of the old European culture of kings and noblemen and their codes of honor”.[2] However, neither the number of casualties at the battlefields could reflect the actual devastation […]
• Anarchy, Black Nationalism and Feminism The site acknowledges that anarchism has been associated with violence and therefore the site is meant to enlighten both anarchists and the public on this misconception.
• Was WWI the Result of Tensions Caused by German Nationalism?
• Does Taglit Birthright Israel Foster Long-Distance Nationalism?
• How Did Nationalism Reveal Itself Through Films During World War II?
• Was There Any Such Thing as African Nationalism Before?
• What Extent Did the Revolutions of 1848 Support the Ideas of Nationalism and Liberalism?
• How Does Nationalism Affects Nations?
• Why Did Chinese Nationalism Fail?
• How Do Different Political Geographers Study Nationalism?
• How Black Nationalism Helped Civil Rights?
• How Does Nationalism Solidify a Country?
• How Does Globalisation Affect Nationalism?
• Why Has Nationalism Become Such a Powerful Force in the Mode?
• What Came First Nations or Nationalism?
• What Has Nationalism Done to Europe?
• How Adolf Hitler Implemented a Distinct Form of Nationalism?
• What Explanations Are Offered for the Development of Nationalism?
• Does Nationalism Inevitably Breed Rivalry and Conflict?
• How Comanches and Nationalism Helped Young United States?
• How Strong Was Nationalism in the Second Reich?
• Was Nationalism the Most Important Force of Change in Europe up to 1870?
• How Nationalism Affected Composer’s Music?
• When Does Nationalism Become Ultra Nationalism?
• How Did Nationalism Arise in Southeast Asia History?
• What Can the Study of Nationalism Contribute to Our Understanding of International Relations?
• How Important Has Nationalism Been in Shaping the Modern World?
• How Does Radical Nationalism Affects Society?
• Can the European Union Be Considered as a Compensator for Serbian Nationalism?
• How Does Nationalism Influence Europe During the 20th?
• Why Did the Idea of Liberal Nationalism Fail in 19th Century Germany?
• How Far Has Nationalism Changed Over the Last Hundred Years?
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, March 2). 138 Nationalism Essay Topic Ideas & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/nationalism-essay-topics/

"138 Nationalism Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." IvyPanda , 2 Mar. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/nationalism-essay-topics/.

IvyPanda . (2024) '138 Nationalism Essay Topic Ideas & Examples'. 2 March.

IvyPanda . 2024. "138 Nationalism Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." March 2, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/nationalism-essay-topics/.

1. IvyPanda . "138 Nationalism Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." March 2, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/nationalism-essay-topics/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "138 Nationalism Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." March 2, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/nationalism-essay-topics/.

• Race Essay Ideas
• Propaganda Topics
• Patriotism Research Ideas
• Utilitarianism Research Ideas
• Totalitarianism Questions
• Socialism Ideas
• Racism Paper Topics
• Individualism Topics
• Marxism Essay Ideas
• Liberalism Research Topics
• Communism Topics
• Antisemitism Essay Titles
• Ethnocentrism Topics
• Conservatism Essay Titles
• Authoritarianism Ideas

Nationalism Essay: Topics, Examples, & Tips

A nationalism essay is focused on the idea of devotion and loyalty to one’s country and its sovereignty. In your paper, you can elaborate on its various aspects. For example, you might want to describe the phenomenon’s meaning or compare the types of nationalism. You might also be interested in exploring nationalism examples: in various countries (South Africa, for instance), in international relations, in government, in world history, or even in everyday life.

Our specialists will write a custom essay specially for you!

This article by our custom-writing experts will help you succeed with your assignment. Here, you will find:

• Definitions and comparisons of different types of nationalism;
• A step-by-step nationalism essay writing guide;
• A number of nationalism examples;
• A list of 44 nationalism essay topics.
• 🔝 Top 10 Topics
• ❓ Definition
• ✔️ Pros & Cons
• 📜 Nationalism Essay Structure
• 🌐 44 Nationalism Topics
• 📝 Essay Prompts & Example
• ✏️ Frequent Questions

🔝 Top 10 Nationalism Essay Topics

• Irish nationalism in literature
• Cultural nationalism in India
• Can nationalism promote peace?
• The politics of contested nationalism
• How does religion influence nationalism?
• Does globalization diminish nationalism?
• Does nationalism promote imperialism?
• Nationalism in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
• How liberalism leads to economic nationalism
• Link between national identity and civic nationalism

❓ Nationalism Essay: What Is It About?

Nationalism is an idea that a nation’s interests are above those of other countries or individuals. It implies identifying with a nation and promoting its independence. In particular, nationalism ascribes value to a nation’s culture, traditions, religion, language, and territory.

In fact, “nationalism” is a very complicated term. It has many types and gradations that are exciting to explore. Besides, it has a long and varied history. In countries such as India and France nationalism helped to achieve democracy and independence. At the same time, in it extreme forms it led to wars and terrorism. Any of these aspects can be the focus of your nationalism essay.

Types of Nationalism

As we’ve mentioned before, nationalism is a complicated notion. It varies a lot from country to country as well as historically. That’s why scholars proposed a classification of nationalism types. It helps to reflect these differences. Check out some of the most popular forms of nationalism in the list below.

• Cultural nationalism. This type is centered on a nation’s culture and language. In the 1800s, it became a popular idea in Europe and postcolonial states. Cultural nationalism is reflected in the celebration of folklore and local dialects. For example, in Ireland it led to an increased interest in the Gaelic language. We can still find ideas related to this ideology today. A prominent example is Americans’ appreciation of their cultural symbols, such as the flag.
• Civic nationalism. Civic nationalism’s definition is an idea of belonging through common rights. According to this ideology, the interests of a state are more important than those of a single nation. Civic nationalism is based on modern ideas of equality and personal freedom. These values help people achieve common goals. Nowadays, civic nationalism is closely associated with liberal Western countries.
• Ethnic nationalism. This type is focused on common ethnicity and ancestry. According to ethno-nationalists, a country’s homogenous culture allows sovereignty. This ideology is considered controversial due to its association with racism and xenophobia. Ethnic nationalism’s pros and cons can be illustrated by its effects on culture in Germany. On the one hand, it influenced the art of the Romantic era. On the other, its extreme form led to the rise of Nazism.
• Economic nationalism. A simple definition of economic nationalism is the idea that a government should protect its economy from outside influences. It leads to the discouragement of cooperation between countries. Such an approach has its benefits. However, it is often counterproductive. Scholars point out many failures throughout the history of economic nationalism. The Great Depression, for example, was prolonged due to this approach.
• Religious nationalism. The fusion of politics and religion characterizes this ideology. Its proponents argue that religion is an integral part of a national identity. For instance, it helps to unite people. The rise of religious nationalism often occurs in countries that fight for independence. Notable examples are India, Pakistan, and Christian countries like Poland.

The Globalism vs Nationalism Debate

One of the fiercest debates concerning nationalism is focused on how it relates to globalism. These two attitudes are often seen as opposed to each other. Some even call globalism and nationalism “the new political divide.” Let’s see whether this point of view is justified.

Just in 1 hour! We will write you a plagiarism-free paper in hardly more than 1 hour

Nowadays, communities around the world are becoming more and more homogenous. This unification and interconnectedness is called globalization , while an ideology focused on its promotion is known as globalism.

Naturally, these tendencies have their pros and cons . Want to learn more? Have a look at the table below.

As you can see, both notions have their strong and weak aspects. But can globalism and nationalism coexist? In fact, many scholars say “ yes, they can .” Instead of choosing either option, people can combine their best traits. This way, we will promote effective communication and collaboration.

Nationalism vs. Patriotism

You may be wondering: Is nationalism a synonym for patriotism? The answer is that both words denote pride and love for one’s country. However, there is an important distinction to be made. While patriotism has a generally positive meaning, nationalism has a negative one.

The main difference lies in the attitude towards other nations:

Receive a plagiarism-free paper tailored to your instructions. Cut 20% off your first order!

• Patriotism doesn’t imply that one’s nation is superior to others. Generally, this term refers to how the state approaches its ideals, values, and culture. In this case, a patriot of a particular country can represent any nation, regardless of their origin.
• In contrast, nationalism implies an idea of a nation’s sovereignty. This means that a country’s interests are viewed separately from the rest of the world. It also focuses on the importance of nation’s culture and ethnicity. In extreme situations, these values may result in an idea of supremacy.

In short, nationalism is patriotism taken to the extreme. With this in mind, let’s have a look at positive and negative effects of nationalism. An essay on any of the following points will surely be a success.

✔️ Nationalism Pros and Cons

If you have to write an essay on “why nationalism is good”, here are some of its key benefits for you to consider:

But what about the concept’s drawbacks? After all, nothing can be 100% beneficial. For a credible investigation, it’s necessary to examine both sides of the topic. Here are some disadvantages to consider for a paper on nationalism:

As you can see, nationalism can lead both to prosperity and destruction. Now you know why keeping the balance is crucial to a nation’s well-being. Think about it when you write your argumentative essay on nationalism.

📜 Nationalism Essay Structure

Now, let’s take a closer look at the essay structure. When writing your paper on nationalism, follow this outline:

Get an originally-written paper according to your instructions!

So, was the writing process as hard as you expected? Nationalism essays indeed require a little bit more time and research than other papers. Nonetheless, you can only benefit from this experience.

🌐 Nationalism Essay Topics

Don’t know which nationalism essay topic to choose? Try one of the ideas below:

• How do nationalism and patriotism differ? The former is linked to acquiring territories perceived as the homeland. The latter means taking pride in the nation’s achievements. Scholars sometimes consider patriotism a form of nationalism.
• How does nationalism affect the distribution of the Sars-CoV-2 vaccine? Determine whether the countries with nationalist tendencies are more successful in getting their population vaccinated.
• Nationality politics in the Soviet Union . Under the rule of Stalin, the USSR transformed into a totalitarian state. But before that, Lenin took care to enact extensive ethnicity laws. What happened when Stalin slammed the brakes on the program?
• Perceiving nationalism as bad: why is it common? For many, the word itself evokes negative associations. For a person who considers themselves a liberal , it may seem like a great evil. Where does this perception come from? What benefits does nationalism have for liberals?
• Nationalist ideology and its many categories. In nationalism studies, the main distinction is between its ethnic and civic types. But there are many other categories that you can explore. Use this prompt to give an overview of such concepts.
• Religious nationalism: Crusades vs. Jihad. In the Middle Ages, Christians tried to stop Islam’s expansion via bloody crusades. In modern times, the call to jihad is used to mobilize extremist Muslims. What are the major differences between these types of holy war?
• What role does nationalism play in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict Israel and Palestine have been fighting for decades over what they believe to be a holy land. The dispute appears to be unsolvable. What arguments do both parties bring forth? How does Arab nationalism come into play here?
• The development of nationalism over time . The French Revolution was the result of nationalist thinking. However, what we perceive as nationalist today is different from what it was back then. In your essay, trace the origins and evolution of the term “nationalism” and its meaning.
• Prominent dictators then and now: a comparison. Hitler, Mussolini, and Franco are well-known names. But how do they compare to modern authoritarian leaders? When answering this question, evaluate the role of nationalist ideology .
• What are some political disadvantages of nationalism? Populist leaders are often unpopular with other politicians. Some examples are Poland’s PiS party and Donald Trump. Discuss how a nationalist stance can affect domestic policies.
• Arab nationalism and its influence on the world economy .
• Nationalism vs. liberalism.
• German nationalism and the World Wars .
• Economic nationalism : pros and cons.
• European nationalism in the 20th century.
• Globalism vs. nationalism: how do they differ ?
• Jewish nationalism and its influence on the formation of the Israeli state.
• Relationship between nationalism and religion .
• Nationalism in Orwell’s novels.
• The French Revolution: how nationalism influenced the political system change .
• Is nationalism objectively good or bad?
• Nationalism, transnationalism, and globalism: differences and similarities.
• Russian nationalism in the 21st century and its impact on the world political system.
• Nationalism as a catalyst for war .
• Liberal nationalism and radical nationalism: benefits and disadvantages.
• Evaluate the significance of national identity .
• What is the difference between race and ethnicity?
• How can love of a country positively impact a state’s healthcare system ?
• What fueled the rise of nationalism in the post-socialist space?
• Trace the connection between nationalist ideology and morality .
• What countries are considered nationalizing ?
• Compare the conflicts where nationalism hinders solution.
• Choose five aspects of neo-nationalism and analyze them.
• Nationalist expressions in art .
• Nationalism in Ukraine: consequences of the Crimean annexation .
• Revolution and nationalism in South America.
• Examine the significance of street names to spread nationalist views .
• Why do people grow attached to a specific territory?
• The political power of nationalist language and propaganda .
• What does the feminist theory say about chauvinism?
• What makes post-colonial nationalism unique?
• Assess the difference between Western and non‐Western nationalism .
• Sex and gender in nationalism .
• Civic and ethnic forms of nationalism: similarities and differences.

📝 Nationalism Examples & Essay Prompts

Want more ideas? Check out these additional essay prompts on some of the crucial nationalism topics!

Nationalism in South Africa Essay Prompt

South African nationalism is a movement aimed at uniting indigenous African peoples and protecting their values. An essay on this topic can consist of the following parts:

• The factors that led to the rise of African nationalism. These include dissatisfaction with colonial oppression, racial discrimination, and poor living conditions.
• Effects of African nationalism. One significant achievement is indigenous peoples regaining their territories. They also improved their status and revived their culture that was distorted by colonialism.
• Conclusion of African nationalism. With time, the struggle for autonomy evolved into an idea of Pan Africanism. This concept refers to the unification of indigenous South African peoples.

Nationalism in India Essay Prompt

Nationalism in 19 th -century India was a reaction against British rule. One of its defining characteristics is the use of non-violent protests. Your essay on this topic may cover the following aspects:

• Mahatma Gandhi and Indian nationalism. Gandhi was a pioneer of non-violent civil disobedience acts. His adherence to equality inspired many human rights activists.
• Cultural nationalism in India. Pride rooted in national heritage, language, and religion played a crucial role in Indian nationalism. One of the most important figures associated with this movement is Bengal poet Rabindranath Tagore.

Nationalism in the Philippines Essay Prompt

Nationalism in the Philippines has a unique chronological pattern. It’s also closely related to the Philippino identity. You can explore these and other aspects in your essay:

• The rise of Filipino nationalism in the 19 th century. Discuss the role of José Rizal and the Propaganda Movement in these events.
• Nationalism and patriotism in the Philippines. Compare the levels of patriotism at different points in the country’s history.
• Is there a lack of nationalism in the Philippines? Studies show that Filipinos have a relatively weak sense of nationhood and patriotism. What is your perspective on this problem?

How Did Nationalism Lead to WWI?: Essay Prompt

Nationalism is widely considered to be one of the leading causes of WWI. Discuss it with the following prompts:

• Militarism and nationalism before WWI. Militarism is a belief in a country’s military superiority. Assess its role in countries such as the British and Russian Empires before the war.
• How did imperialism contribute to WWI? Imperialism refers to a nation’s fight for new territories. It fuelled the rivalry between the world’s leading countries before the war.
• Nationalism in the Balkans and the outbreak of WWI. Write a persuasive essay on the role of the Balkan crisis in Franz Ferdinand’s assassination. How did this event lead to the outbreak of war?

Want to see what a paper on this topic may look like? Check out this nationalism essay example:

Now you have all you need to write an excellent essay on nationalism. Liked this article? Let us know in the comment section below!

You might also be interested in:

• Canadian Identity Essay: Essay Topics and Writing Guide
• Human Trafficking Essay for College: Topics and Examples
• Essay on Corruption: How to Stop It. Quick Guide
• Murder Essay: Top 3 Killing Ideas to Complete your Essay
• Student Exchange Program (Flex) Essay Topics
• Gun Control Essay: How-to Guide + 150 Argumentative Topics
• Transportation Essay: Writing Tips and 85 Brilliant Topics

✏️ Nationalism Essay FAQ

You can define nationalism as the identification with nation and support of its interests. Nationalism is aimed at protecting a nation from foreign influences. This idea is important because it helps a country be strong and independent.

Most specialists highlight religious, political, and ethnic nationalism. Different classifications suggest various types of nationalism. It can be positive and negative, militant, extreme, etc. The phenomenon is complex and multidimensional. You can find it in most societies.

Nationalism is a complex phenomenon. It has positive and negative sides. Because of this, it’s crucial to write about it objectively. In any academic text on nationalism you should provide relevant arguments, quotes, and other evidence.

A nationalism essay focuses on the concept’s principles, advantages, and disadvantages. You can find numerous articles and research papers about it online or in your school’s library. Beware of copying anything directly: use them only as a source of inspiration.

🔗 References

• A New Dawn in Nationalism Studies? European History Quaterly
• The SAGE Handbook of Nations and Nationalism: Google Books
• Nationalism Studies Program: 2-year MA Student Handbook (CEU)
• Nationalism: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Nationalism is back: The Economist
• Working-class Neo-Nationalism in Postsocialist Cluj, Romania: Academia
• Nationalism: Encyclopedia Britannica
• Nationalism: Definition, Examples, and History: The Balance
• The Problem of Nationalism: The Heritage Foundation
• Effects of Nationalism: LearnAlberta
• The Difference Between Patriotism and Nationalism: Merriam-Webster
• Varieties of American Popular Nationalism: Harvard University
• Not So Civic: Is There a Difference between Ethnic and Civic Nationalism?: Annual Review
• Globalism and Nationalism: Which One Is Bad?: Taylor & Francis Online
• African Nationalism and the Struggle for Freedom: Pearson Higher Education
• Share to Facebook
• Share to Twitter
• Share to LinkedIn
• Share to email

Is globalization a beneficial process? What are the pros and cons of a religious upbringing? Do the drawbacks of immigration outweigh the benefits? These questions can become a foundation for your advantages and disadvantages essay. And we have even more ideas to offer! There is nothing complicated about writing this...

This time you have to write a World War II essay, paper, or thesis. It means that you have a perfect chance to refresh those memories about the war that some of us might forget. So many words can be said about the war in that it seems you will...

Would you always go for Bill Nye the Science Guy instead of Power Rangers as a child? Were you ready to spend sleepless nights perfecting your science fair project? Or maybe you dream of a career in science? Then this guide by Custom-Writing.org is perfect for you. Here, you’ll find...

A satire essay is a creative writing assignment where you use irony and humor to criticize people’s vices or follies. It’s especially prevalent in the context of current political and social events. A satirical essay contains facts on a particular topic but presents it in a comical way. This task...

Your mood leaves a lot to be desired. Everything around you is getting on your nerves. But still, there’s one thing that may save you: music. Just think of all the times you turned on your favorite song, and it lifted your spirits! So, why not write about it in a music essay? In this article, you’ll find all the information necessary for this type of assignment: 267 brilliant music...

Not everyone knows it, but globalization is not a brand-new process that started with the advent of the Internet. In fact, it’s been around throughout all of human history. This makes the choice of topics related to globalization practically endless.  If you need help choosing a writing idea, this Custom-Writing.org...

In today’s world, fashion has become one of the most significant aspects of our lives. It influences everything from clothing and furniture to language and etiquette. It propels the economy, shapes people’s personal tastes, defines individuals and communities, and satisfies all possible desires and needs. In this article, Custom-Writing.org experts...

Early motherhood is a very complicated social problem. Even though the number of teenage mothers globally has decreased since 1991, about 12 million teen girls in developing countries give birth every year. If you need to write a paper on the issue of adolescent pregnancy and can’t find a good...

Human rights are moral norms and behavior standards towards all people that are protected by national and international law. They represent fundamental principles on which our society is founded. Human rights are a crucial safeguard for every person in the world. That’s why teachers often assign students to research and...

Global warming has been a major issue for almost half a century. Today, it remains a topical problem on which the future of humanity depends. Despite a halt between 1998 and 2013, world temperatures continue to rise, and the situation is expected to get worse in the future. When it...

Have you ever witnessed someone face unwanted aggressive behavior from classmates? According to the National Center for Educational Statistics, 1 in 5 students says they have experienced bullying at least once in their lifetime. These shocking statistics prove that bullying is a burning topic that deserves detailed research. In this...

Recycling involves collecting, processing, and reusing materials to manufacture new products. With its help, we can preserve natural resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and save energy. And did you know that recycling also creates jobs and supports the economy? If you want to delve into this exciting topic in your...

Hi. Can you please help me out in getting a simple topic to discuss/write for my final essay in my masters programme pertaining to nationalism. I’m new to this field of study and would want to enjoy reading and writing this final essay. Thanks in advance for your help.

Thanks to historians all over the world!

I have to write a 3000-word essay on the following topic: “Is it possible to imagine nationalism without the nation”? I find the readings difficult to understand and would greatly appreciate any help you could give me. Thank you. Noreen Devine

Hi Noreen, We’d be happy to help you with this task. Don’t hesitate to place an order with our writing company. Our best writer will help you understand the readings and create a great paper.

To Whom it May Concern, Thank you so much for your help. This morning I was reading your tips on how to write an essay about nationalism, and I find that it’s so helpful. I will contact you soon for help.

Mr. Wiggin's History Class

Everything that follows is a result of what you see here., unit 3: nationalism.

Inspired by enlightenment ideals and the changing political climate, the people of the 19th century saw an opportunity to remake the world as they wanted it to be. In Latin America several different ethnic groups rose up to try and overthrow the strict ethnic hierarchy and the oppressive Spanish regime. In Italy a movement to unify the different Italian Kingdoms into one unified Italian state gained momentum. Meanwhile in Germany conservative forces sought to create a bulwark against the liberalism by unifying the many German states into one German Empire. All of these forces of nationalism and revolution were then captured by the artists of the time who rejected the cold reason of the Enlightenment and embraced the emotional and uncertainty of the new world.

Essential Questions

• What role can religion, ethnicity and social class have on Nationalism?
• Can Nationalism be defeated or defused?
• How can nationalism be a uniting and divisive force?
• Is there such a thing as completely unbiased history?
• How has industrialization, nationalism, and liberalism impacted the world?
• How does the development of nationalism impact people, nations, and empires?
• What characteristics and factors unite people as a nation?
• Evaluate this statement: Nationalism is the most potent force in history.
• Nationalism
• Realpolitik
• Artful expression

Assignments

• Assignment 1: What is Nationalism?
• Assignment 2: Big Trouble in Little Haiti
• Assignment 3: Simon Bolivar
• Assignment 4: How to unify a nation
• Assignment 5: Prussians: German Concentrate
• Assignment 6: Bismark is a bad man
• Assignment 7: Nationalism: Collateral Damage
• Assignment 8: Society reflecting music reflecting society

Notes for Our Nationalism Unit

german-unification-notes

Nationalism Essay for Students and Children

400 words essay on nationalism.

First of all, Nationalism is the concept of loyalty towards a nation. In Nationalism, this sentiment of loyalty must be present in every citizen. This ideology certainly has been present in humanity since time immemorial. Above all, it’s a concept that unites the people of a nation. It is also characterized by love for one’s nation. Nationalism is probably the most important factor in international politics.

Why Nationalism Is Important?

Nationalism happens because of common factors. The people of a nation share these common factors. These common factors are common language, history , culture, traditions, mentality, and territory. Thus a sense of belonging would certainly come in people. It would inevitably happen, whether you like it or not. Therefore, a feeling of unity and love would happen among national citizens. In this way, Nationalism gives strength to the people of the nation.

Nationalism has an inverse relationship with crime. It seems like crime rates are significantly lower in countries with strong Nationalism. This happens because Nationalism puts feelings of love towards fellow countrymen. Therefore, many people avoid committing a crime against their own countrymen. Similarly, corruption is also low in such countries. Individuals in whose heart is Nationalism, avoid corruption . This is because they feel guilty to harm their country.

Nationalism certainly increases the resolve of a nation to defend itself. There probably is a huge support for strengthening the military among nationalistic people. A strong military is certainly the best way of defending against foreign enemies. Countries with low Nationalism, probably don’t invest heavily in the military. This is because people with low Nationalism don’t favor strong militaries . Hence, these countries which don’t take Nationalism seriously are vulnerable.

Nationalism encourages environmental protection as well. People with high national pride would feel ashamed to pollute their nation. Therefore, such people would intentionally work for environment protection even without rules. In contrast, an individual with low Nationalism would throw garbage carelessly.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Contemporary Nationalism

Nationalism took an ugly turn in the 20th century with the emergence of Fascism and Nazism. However, that was a negative side of Nationalism. Since then, many nations gave up the idea of aggressive Nationalism. This certainly did not mean that Nationalism in contemporary times got weak. People saw strong Nationalism in the United States and former USSR. There was a merger of Nationalism with economic ideologies like Capitalism and Socialism.

In the 21st century, there has been no shortage of Nationalism. The popular election of Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin is proof. Both these leaders strongly propagate Nationalism. Similarly, the election victory of other nationalistic leaders is more evidence.

Nationalism is a strong force in the world that is here to say. Nationalism has a negative side. However, this negative side certainly cannot undermine the significance of Nationalism. Without Nationalism, there would have been no advancement of Human Civilization.

500 Words Essay on Nationalism

Nationalism is an ideology which shows an individual’s love & devotion towards his nation.  It is actually people’s feelings for their nation as superior to all other nations. The concept of nationalism in India developed at the time of the Independence movement. This was the phase when people from all the areas/caste/religion etc collectively fought against British Raj for independence. Hence nationalism can be called as collective devotion of all the nationals towards their country.

Introduction of Nationalism in India:

The first world war (1919) had far-reaching consequences on the entire world. After the first world war, some major movements broke out in India like Satyagrah & Non-co-operation movement. This has sown the seeds of nationalism in Indians.  This era developed new social groups along with new modes of struggle. The major events like Jalianwala Bagh massacre & Khilafat movement had a strong impact on the people of India.

Thus, their collective struggle against colonialism brought them together and they have collectively developed a strong feeling of responsibility, accountability, love, and devotion for their country. This collective feeling of the Indian people was the start of the development of Nationalism.  Foundation of Indian National Congress in 1885 was the first organized expression of nationalism in India.

Basis of Rising of Nationalism in India

There could be several basis of rising of nationalism in India:

• The Britishers came to India as traders but slowly became rulers and started neglecting the interests of the Indians. This led to the feeling of oneness amongst Indians and hence slowly led to nationalism.
• India developed as a unified country in the 19 th & 20 th century due to well-structured governance system of Britishers. This has led to interlinking of the economic life of people, and hence nationalism.
• The spread of western education, especially the English language amongst educated Indians have helped the knowledgeable population of different linguistic origin to interact on a common platform and hence share their nationalist opinions.
• The researches by Indian and European scholars led to the rediscovery of the Indian past. The Indian scholars like Swami Vivekanand & European scholars like Max Mueller had done historical researched & had glorified India’s past in such a manner that Indian peoples developed a strong sense of nationalism & patriotism.
• The emergence of the press in the 19 th century has helped in the mobilization of people’s opinion thereby giving them a common platform to interact for independence motion and also to promote nationalism.
• Various reforms and social movements had helped Indian society to remove the social evils which were withholding the societal development and hence led to rejoining of society.
• The development of well-led railway network in India was a major boost in the transportation sector. Hence making it easy for the Indian population to connect with each other.
• The international events like the French revolution, Unification of Italy & Germany, etc.have  awakened the feelings of national consciousness amongst Indian people.

Though a lot of factors had led to rising of nationalism in India, the major role was played by First world war, Rowlatt act and Jaliawala bagh massacre. These major incidences have had a deep-down impact on the mind of Indians. These motivated them to fight against Britishers with a  strong feeling of Nationalism.  This feeling of nationalism was the main driving force for the independence struggle in India.

Customize your course in 30 seconds

Which class are you in.

• Travelling Essay
• Picnic Essay
• Our Country Essay
• My Parents Essay
• Essay on Favourite Personality
• Essay on Memorable Day of My Life
• Essay on Knowledge is Power
• Essay on Gurpurab
• Essay on My Favourite Season
• Essay on Types of Sports

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Download the App

Browse Course Material

Course info.

• Prof. Melissa Nobles

Departments

• Political Science

As Taught In

• Political Philosophy

Learning Resource Types

Nationalism, assignments, research paper guidelines.

Students are expected to write one long research paper, between 25 - 35 pages on a topic of the student’s choice. It is assumed that students have either a regional interest in nationalist politics and/or theoretical interest that will guide them in their selection of a paper topic. For example, one paper option would be to use one or more case studies to examine a theoretically-grounded question or claim about nationalism. While it is expected that students will draw heavily upon secondary sources, the use of primary sources is strongly encouraged.

Paper proposals (7 - 10 pages) will be distributed among classmates and discussed in class. The proposals should be a concise statement of the question(s) that will guide the research as well as the methods and evidence proposed to answer the question(s). Bibliographies are required. Final papers (or well-developed drafts thereof) will be discussed on the two final class meetings.

In addition, each student will be assigned to present the week’s readings. Such presentations will be followed by class discussion. Students may prepare handouts, but they are not required. Finally, it is expected that those students who have already developed an interest in a particular region or set of cases should be prepared to discuss how the readings apply (or not) to their chosen areas.

You are leaving MIT OpenCourseWare

We are the Best! – Defining nationalism by looking at popular culture examples

This practice uses historic football pictures to learn about and recognize the characteristics of nationalism. In connection to this activity, students will learn to ask different kinds of questions about the sources, organizing the sources and formulating a hypothesis about them. The activity has different difficulty levels, includes several assessment rubrics, and can be easily modified. It can be used to introduce the topic of nationalism, or to conclude a module on it.

The practice

The main goal of this practice is to address nationalism through football, and to recognize characteristics of nationalism in historic football sources. It has been developed to use with students aged 12-18, who will:

• Learn about how nationalism can be expressed;
• Learn to recognise nationalism in historical sources;
• Learn the difference between political and football nationalism;
• Learn to question and analyse sources.

This practice helps to promote inclusivity and multiperspectivity while tackling discrimination and inequality.

About the Author

Marcel J.M. Put is an independent historical researcher and writer on historical subjects. From 1998 until 2022 he was an Economics and History teacher at SVOPL (Secondary Education Foundation Parkstad Limburg) and between 2000 and 2004 also a teacher trainer. He has been involved in the Football Makes History project with EuroClio.

Teacher Introduction

Assessment Rubrics

Student Information

Student Worksheet 1

Student Worksheet 2

Additional Activities

Teacher Guidelines

Background to this practice.

This practice has been developed by Marcel J.M. Put within the framework of the Football Makes History project, which is co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union as part of the Football History for Inclusion project.

The project aims to promote multiperspectivity, tackle sensitive and controversial issues and make history relevant and accessible.

The practice step by step

The practice is implemented in the classroom. It is a combination of lessons, independent work and group work. There are some preparations required on the part of the teacher:

• find a video of a national football team singing their anthem
• find photos of football fans expressing their support for their nation in several ways. Copy them for the students.
• find photos of national football teams containing expression of nationalism (e.g. national symbols on the jerseys, the salute in Nazi-Germany, or under Francisco Franco in Spain, …). Make some copies of these for the students.
• Print out the worksheets and the Student information sheet, available below.

Tip: use a lamination machine to make the pictures last longer and label them with a letter or a number. In this way, you can repeat the activity with several classrooms.

Once the preparations are finished, the practice is broadly divided in four activities, which can be adapted to the specific classroom context:

Introduction (10-15 min): Looking at a football example, define together ‘nationalism’.

Assignment 1. (10-20 min.): Identify different ways of expressing nationalism.

• Assignment 2. (20-25 min.): Working with the sources found in the preparation phase, identify examples of nationalism.
• Conclusions (10 min.): reflect with students on lessons learned.

There are 3 extra assignments if there is time and interest.

Inspiration

“I was born and raised 5 kilometers from the Dutch-German border. We always had German D-Marks at hand because we went shopping in Germany. Language wasn’t a problem. The Germans understood our dialect and because I grew up watching German television I understood and spoke German at an early age. Now I have family and friends all over Europe and speak several European languages. I consider myself to be a European. But there are times when I feel mainly, or rather exclusively, Dutch, especially at sporting events, such as football matches. It is a phenomenon I also see in others. I started to wonder where this sense of belonging to a nation comes from. How does it make people, even those who consider themselves to be Europeans or world citizens, like myself, think about their country: ’We are the best!’ And is this thought dangerous? Does it divide people? Because students struggle with the concept of nationalism (maybe even more in the Netherlands then elsewhere because the Dutch pretend not to be nationalistic at all) the first step to approach this idea of a nation is to look for its characteristics. That’s what these lessons are about.” – Marcel.

Step 1 : Tell the students that they are about to watch a short video and that they have to watch closely so they can describe it to the classroom and identify what it was about

Step 2 : Show a short video clip of a national football team singing the national anthem and the people in the stadium waving national flags. You can use a clip of your own national team, or a clip from a famous game, or a clip from the most recent game played in a tournament.

Step 3 : Ask your students “What did you see?”. Ask several students to describe the video with their own words, and ask them to reflect on why were people in the video behaving like they were. You want your students to reach this conclusion: footballers are going to play for their country and are proud to do so; their fellow country(wo)men are cheering them and showing from which country they are / which country they support.

Step 4 . Ask your students “What is nationalism?”, and write their answers on the board. Together, try to reach a definition. Alternatively, you can write the definition of nationalism used by your textbook or teaching material and ask your students to connect it to the conversation they just had.

Step 5 : Now, ask your students to answer again to the first question (“what did you see in the video?”). Discuss with them if what they saw can be considered an expression of nationalism.

Step 1 : Ask your students to reflect on at least 5 different ways in which nationalism can be expressed. Give them around 5 minutes to reflect by themselves, and ask them to write down their ideas in their notebook or on a piece of paper. Note that if you wish to collect students’ answers at the end of the lesson to assess their work, then you should let them know now that they should use a clean slate of paper and write their name on it.

Step 2 : Make a collective list of ways of expressing nationalism, mentioned by the students. Ask students if they agree / do not agree with each other, and moderate the discussion. Ultimately, you wish to have a list of features that most students agree with.

Tip! You can work on your collective list in two different ways, depending on the size of your classroom and on whether all your students feel comfortable in sharing and intervening.

Approach 1 . Ask students to simply take the floor and share what they wrote down. Write their words on the board for everyone to see. If you are doing your lesson online, you can use a wordcloud programme to collect all the ideas (such as this: https://www.mentimeter.com/templates/education – template Language Class). Note that in this approach it is likely that after a couple of minutes all the most obvious answers will be on the board. Then, you can ask students if they have something to add, or add expressions of nationalism that shouldn’t be left out yourself.

Approach 2. Divide students in groups of 3 or 4 and ask them to discuss their ideas in the group. Ask them to put together a list of the 5 ways in which nationalism can be expressed that they all agree on. Then, every group shares their final list with the rest of the classroom, and you can follow the steps of approach one.

We suggest that you use Approach 2 if you are not sure that all your students would feel comfortable in sharing with the whole classroom, or if you have some students that tend to claim all attention during plenary work. Approach 2 will help you give each students a fair chance to be heard.

Assignment 2: Working with the sources found in the preparation phase, identify examples of nationalism. (20 – 25 min)

In this phase, students look for examples of nationalism in the sources, connecting them to the list created together during Assignment 1.

Step 1 : Divide your students in smaller groups. We advise you to make groups of 3 students, because they are small enough that every member of the group has a possibility to share, but also uneven, which would make it more likely to have meaningful discussions. If you used approach 2 from above, you can also keep the same groups.

Step 2 : Distribute the sources found in the preparation phase to the groups. Depending on how much time you want to spend on these assignments and on how difficult you want to make the task, we advise you to distribute:

• beginners – 1 source each group (10 min.)
• medium – 3 sources per group (15 min.)
• expert – 6 sources per group (20 min.)

Note: Give each group the same source(s)! This makes it easier when you come to step 4, the Conclusion of the lesson.

If this is going alright it is very interesting to use different sources, for example sources chosen by the students themselves. By doing so you also raise a different kind of discussion in the classroom.

Step 3: Write the following questions on the board / show the students the following questions:

Note: sometimes it can be helpful to read the questions out loud

• which of the expressions of nationalism listed before do you see in this (these) source(s)?
• try to put the source in its historical context: when was the photo taken? What was going on in that time?
• You can say that in football we have ‘political’ nationalism or ‘football’ nationalism. What do you think is the difference between these? Do you think this (these) source(s) is an example of ‘political’ or of ‘football’ nationalism? Please explain your choice.

Ask each group to answer the questions. Ask them to note down the answers that they agree on, but to also list each individual answer in case they do not agree. If you use an event the students should recognize from earlier classes you can disallow them using other sources then their textbook. Otherwise the internet might be a good help. After all, finding the right information is also a learning goal (but to keep it simple that’s not rated here)

Note: Give students enough time to proceed with their group discussions, and in the meanwhile walk among the groups and see if they need any help. If groups are done quickly, you can give them some more sources to work with.

Step 4: Conclusions (10 min.)

In the last ten minutes of lesson, ask each group to share their findings, and discuss with the classroom what they have learned during the day. Read the expected learning outcomes to the students and ask them if they feel they have met them.

Collect students’ answer sheets. Normally, Marcel uses an assessment grid (you can find a copy here) to assess whether the lesson has had the desired result.

More information

This practice was developed as part of the Football Makes History initiative. More information, including many other practices, source collections, and lesson plans, can be found on the project’s website at www.footballmakeshistory.eu .

To carry out the practice in his classroom, Marcel has developed a series of supporting materials, including two worksheet for students to fill in ( here and here ), a rubric for assessment ( here ), and an information sheet on what is nationalism ( here ) for students. Since different contexts and classrooms call for different sources, we have decided not to share the sources used by Marcel with his students. Here , however, you can find a list of potential expressions of nationalism (in football) that you can look for when creating your own sources collection.

Finally, in this post we are describing the core practice as carried out in the classroom. In case you would like to do more with your students, at this link you can find some suggestions for extension activities.

Let us know your thoughts!

Have you tried this practice with your classroom?  Or do you already do something similar? Marcel and all of us at EuroClio would be very glad if you took time to reach out to us and let us know your experience! You can reach out to us at  [email protected]  or by getting in touch directly with Alice (project coordinator for Football Makes History) at  [email protected] .

We look forward to hearing from you!

Obstacles and Lessons Learned

Nationalism is a controversial topic, which is why teachers have to approach it in a sensitive manner. There can be obstacles, when different opinions arise and clash. Teachers must be equipped to deal with these situations.

The needed prior knowledge of the students depends on the variant the teacher chooses. It is possible to start without any prior knowledge of nationalism. If there is also not much knowledge about history in general, finding out what the sources are about might be difficult, but then students can write down what they think is going on.

The effect of the practice

Written by Ulrika Steven (EuroClio Trainee) and Marcel J.M. Put (Football Makes History Contributor), in Finland and the Netherlands, June and November 2021. Click here to access a short letter from the author!

The collection of teaching practices for the Critical History project is realised with co-funding of the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union.

The European Commission’s support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents, which reflect the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Conversations about Contested Pasts: Historicizing Historical Consciousness in a Globalizing World by prof. dr. Maria Grever

In several post-colonial countries, the war on monuments and cultural […]

Innovation Station Guidelines for Teachers

Study Guide Critical History

Education Kit on “Fake News and Disinformation” – VPRO In Europe Schools

Dealing with parents when teaching sensitive and controversial issues

History and Impacts of Nationalism

Nationalism is a divisive issue. World history has plenty of examples of positive and negative effects of nationalism, and its implications are often contradictory. This paper explores the impacts of nationalism and its origins.

Introduction

Nationalism history overview, negative effects of nationalism, positive effects of nationalism, nationalism as a part of comparative politics.

Nationalism is considered to be a political principle which is based on the idea of political and national unity being congruent. The notion ‘nationalism’ is used for identification of national consciousness and identity; it is aimed at the determination of ethnicity, being regarded as a recent political phenomenon which occurred in the 18th century, at the period of the emergence of the first nation-state.

Historical overview of nationalism concept, the analysis of its effects and consequences will be thoroughly described in the paper in order to evaluate its positive and negative aspects. The concept ‘nationalism’ is still open to discussion among historians and politicians arguing as to its prints left on the world history.

The eighteenth-century Europe events are considered to be closely connected with the origin of ‘nationalism.’ Historically, this term was perceived as a purely political one; it is necessary to underline the fact that historians can hardly identify the precise state of the concept introduction.

Nationalism development is connected with such notions as ‘modern state’ and ‘popular sovereignty,’ following the period of the French Revolution. It should be noted that the period of the 18th century appeared to be identified through a wide promotion of nationalism in the sphere of politics and social forces.

Its development was merely observed under the influence of World War I, II, leading to fascism raise and the promotion of authoritarian and radical nationalist ideology. (Gellner, 2006)

In accordance with nationalistic ideology, people make the nation; and the nation-states are legitimately being founded on the basis of national self-determination. Nationalistic self-determination is considered to be the principal reason for international conflicts, as the states are predominantly multinational claiming national status.

Nationalism is also a strong social notion, being determined through national anthems, national flags, and divisions; besides, this phenomenon is a culture sentiment being described as ‘nationality; this term is used to avoid ‘ideological tarnished reputation.

It is important to stress that such phenomena as democratization, industrialization, and economic redistribution are closely related to the nationalism concept. The basic idea of nationalism prosperity was based on the creation of a separate state for every existing nation. The critique of this phenomenon lies in the investigation of its negative and positive aspects. (Lazarus, 1999)

The concept of nationalism has been viewed as a complete rejection of multi-ethnic empires’ existence in the 19th century. The result of this ideological; view caused a number of repressions on the part of autocratic governments; the atmosphere of secessionism and violence confronted smaller nations; the western world created different forms of nationalism under the influence of political traditions.

It is necessary to underline the fact that nationalism was perceived as the dangerous force being described as the principle war cause between nation-states. The phenomenon dominating in modern politics managed to encourage people for new conflicts between the nations. As a result, World War II and the Great War had nationalism as the basic component of the material promotion. (Smith, 1995)

One more negative aspect of nationalism is focused around its movement’s violence on the basis of militarism principles. It is necessary to underline the fact that nationalist movements, being inspired by chauvinism and jingoism, were closely associated with national conflicts.

The emergence of nation-states appeared to be the reason for racism promotion; it can be explained by the fact that they excluded other nations, providing empire only for one national group. The analysis of comparative politics through the era of nationalism means the thorough study of principle conflict management instruments.

Political mobilization and constriction of many ethnic groups are the results of nationalism domination, though inter-ethnic interference in most cases led to conflicts and struggles. Politicized ethnic identities appeared to be the result of nationalist politics activities, transformed from multinational state regulations.

The prominence in the sphere of comparative politics was connected with profound effects made by ethnic identities in the development of welfare state, constitution, and party system. The nationalism managed to create rapid changes in the institutional structures on the basis of continuity context.

It is necessary to underline the fact that there is a strong link between institutional change and nationalism being analyzed in comparative politics through conceptual tools called ‘institutional conversion and layering.’ Nationalism was a great contribution to the welfare state through the demonstration of positive changes in the economic and social development. (Lazarus, 1999)

It is necessary to underline the fact that nationalism movement is presented as the promotion of national welfare and economic stability rather than international fighting. This movement promoted the idea of having organic societies to protect nation-state and cultural heritage. Ethnic marginalization and gang violence were an integral part of the nationalist movement.

Despite this fact, it promoted a positive image aimed at providing a peaceful life for the nation, giving an opportunity to the society to have its own culture and state. The deep analysis of nationalism discloses the fact that people living in the period of this movement perceived it at the subconscious level. Media propaganda and touchy policy introductions influenced the social vision of the nationalist environment. (McKim, 1997)

Nationalism appeared to be the first step to homogenous societies, and positive organic culture. The movement contributed to the creation of a positive connection. The introduction of the New Right in world states appeared to be the beginning of national positive thoughts and desires.

Nationalism provided a degree of protection against opponents’ criticism; it demonstrated the basis for Political Correctness stifling the opposition. It is necessary to underline the fact that the opposition immunity was built upon the claim against violence, hate, injustice, and bigotry, rather than social Marxism virtues.

It should be noted that such notions as ‘other cultures’ understanding’ and ‘freedom, tolerance’ were opposed to each other through nationalist state advocating. (Gellner, 2006)

One can hardly balance all positive and negative effects of nationalism movement; this stage in the sphere of comparative politics is considered to be conflicting and contradicting enough to state whether the movement appeared to bring welfare or destruction to the states.

The reason for the spread and rise of nationalism is at issue among theorists and historians; having appeared among English intellectuals, nationalism was a distorted reflection of numerous battles observed in the external world. Regional nationalism has provided a strong ground for overcoming linguistic bonds. Political and economic effects of nationalism promotion left a significant print on the international relationship building.

Besides, this ideological movement was a former political development all around the world. It is necessary to underline the fact that nationalism was regarded as a prominent element in the comparative politics formation, as it demonstrated a number of changes, connected with sovereignty and democracy of the nation-states. (Harrop, and Hague, 2007)

Nationalism is considered to be analyzed from the position of a metapolitical approach disclosing all positive and negative aspects of its promotion.

The paper demonstrated the impact of the nationalist movement on the development of political, economic, cultural, and social spheres from the 18th century, the time when nationalism emerged. It is necessary to underline the fact that nationalism was the reason for massive debated among modern historians, who strived to identify the true causes of its introduction through the analysis of its positive and negative issues.

The analysis of nationalism as the way to national identity managed to show a number of positive elements in its prosperity; the contribution to political and economic stabilization through the violence and fights resulted in further international relationship building and cultural unity.

Nationalism is considered to be referred to as modern political movements providing the push to democratic promotion all around the world. Nationalism study is a controversial issue in modern history, though its effects can be successfully identified through the analysis of its raise and promotion period.

Gellner, E. (2006). Nations and Nationalism. 2 nd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.

Harrop, M. and Hague, R. (2007). Political Science. Fifth Edition. Palgrave MacMillan.

Lazarus, N. (1999). Nationalism and cultural practice in the postcolonial world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

McKim, R. (1997). The Morality of Nationalism. Oxford University Press.

Smith, A. (1995) Nations and Nationalism in a global era. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Cite this paper

• Chicago (N-B)
• Chicago (A-D)

StudyCorgi. (2020, January 6). History and Impacts of Nationalism. https://studycorgi.com/nationalism-its-history-and-impacts/

"History and Impacts of Nationalism." StudyCorgi , 6 Jan. 2020, studycorgi.com/nationalism-its-history-and-impacts/.

StudyCorgi . (2020) 'History and Impacts of Nationalism'. 6 January.

1. StudyCorgi . "History and Impacts of Nationalism." January 6, 2020. https://studycorgi.com/nationalism-its-history-and-impacts/.

Bibliography

StudyCorgi . "History and Impacts of Nationalism." January 6, 2020. https://studycorgi.com/nationalism-its-history-and-impacts/.

StudyCorgi . 2020. "History and Impacts of Nationalism." January 6, 2020. https://studycorgi.com/nationalism-its-history-and-impacts/.

This paper, “History and Impacts of Nationalism”, was written and voluntary submitted to our free essay database by a straight-A student. Please ensure you properly reference the paper if you're using it to write your assignment.

Before publication, the StudyCorgi editorial team proofread and checked the paper to make sure it meets the highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, fact accuracy, copyright issues, and inclusive language. Last updated: February 23, 2023 .

If you are the author of this paper and no longer wish to have it published on StudyCorgi, request the removal . Please use the “ Donate your paper ” form to submit an essay.

My Reading List

• Name First Last
• Tell us what you think! * We welcome your feedback, constructive criticism, and/or error reports.
• Email Please enter your email if you require follow-up or would like to stay in touch.

Introduction to Nationalism

The Wolfe & Montcalm Monument in Quebec. Quebec is an example of a nation within a state. “Wolfe & Montcalm Monument, Quebec” (1901) by the Detroit Photographic Co. Library of Congress, LC-DIG-ppmsca-17940

A nation is a group of people who regard themselves as sharing the same culture; a state is a group of people governed by the same laws and political institutions. Groups of people connected through history settled within a geographical region, building customs and forming dialects. Modern nations emerged from the desire of such groups to claim and defend land for hunting, gathering, agriculture, and other economic activities. The borders on contemporary maps resulted from long histories of negotiations and wars among nations and nation-states to control particular territories.

Since Canada began as a colony, first of France and then of Britain, its governing structures have been informed and shaped by the European conception of the nation which emerged in the eighteenth century; many date the beginning of the era of nationalism to the American and French revolutions. Political rule was no longer justified by the hereditary right of the ruler, but grounded in the will of the people, usually defined as male property holders.

The ideas of European nationalism were refined in Germany, particularly by Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803). Nationalism became a powerful ideology which justified the breaking up of empires, such as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, or the unification of territories that had previously been ruled by many different princes, such as Italy and Germany.

The ideal nation-state was culturally homogeneous—meaning that the people shared the same culture. Rare in practice, this homogeneity was sometimes imposed from above by the state through law, education, or even force, including pogroms, genocide, or denial of citizenship to particular groups. Nations without autonomous states do exist, such as Quebec and Finland for much of its history, and states often include more than one nation, such as Canada and Switzerland.

Imagined Communities

As Eric Hobsbawm and Benedict Anderson have pointed out, many national traditions thought to be ancient—Scottish clans and tartans, for example—are actually recent inventions designed to inspire national loyalty—and by extension, loyalty to state authority.

Flags, national anthems, dances, food, folk tales, and venerated works of art and literature all contribute to the feeling that one belongs to the nation, to what Anderson calls an imagined community .

Literature, as Edward Hartley Dewart made clear in his introduction to the first anthology of English Canadian literature ( Selections from Canadian Poets , 1864), was felt to be essential for the production of national identity:

A national literature is an essential record of a country’s mental progress: it is the expression of its intellectual life, the bond of national unity and the guide of national energy. (ix)

Writing over a century and a half later, Laura Moss and Cynthia Sugars agree:

A nation exists when people believe it exists. People begin to learn certain national narratives and recognize particular symbols, which they then take to be inviolable; in the process, the narratives become self-constituting. (262)

Developing Canada as a Multicultural Nation

Château Frontenac in Quebec. Despite its distinct language and culture, Quebec was recognized by the Canadian government as a nation within Canada only in 2006. Topley Studio Fonds, Library and Archives Canada, item number TXC-664, accession number 1936-270 NPC, PA-012984

The Indigeneous peoples in the territory now called Canada encountered a variety of Europeans, such as the Vikings and Portuguese, before the French settled and claimed territory along the St. Lawrence. Britain’s acquisition of Quebec from France led to the Royal Proclamation of 1763 laying out the principles to be used to govern Indigenous peoples. This proclamation was a response to Pontiac’s War when various Indigenous nations around the Great Lakes resisted the heavy-handedness of the incoming British.

The Quebec Act of 1774 recognized French civil law and the Roman Catholic faith in order to consolidate French loyalties in the prelude to the American War of Independence (1775–1783). In the aftermath, settlers known as Loyalists, sometimes with their slaves, moved north. Some of these Loyalists were Black freedmen as well.

This painting depicts the attendees of the Charlottetown and Quebec Conferences in 1884, meetings that preceded Canadian Confederation and the BNA Act. “Fathers of Confederation.” Reproduction of Rex Wood’s 1967 painting. Roger Shares Services, Director of Office Services, Library and Archives Canada, accession number 1967-49-11, C-148218

After Confederation through the BNA Act (1867), the move to settle the North-West (now the prairie provinces) was met by the Riel Resistance at Red River in 1869. Manitoba and the Métis nation were founded together in 1870. However, as the defeat of the second Riel Resistance in Saskatchewan made clear, Canada at the time was not willing to accommodate more than two founding nations.

Neither French nor English Canada found it easy to distinguish their languages or cultures from those of France or Britain which led to a so-called colonial mentality in both cultures. Later, in the twentieth century, anxiety about distinguishing Canadian culture from that of the United States became a pervasive concern, particularly for English Canada.

The United States, with its larger economic base for publishing and distributing cultural works, has been perceived as a threat to Canadian cultural sovereignty. Efforts to imagine Canada as culturally homogeneous derived initially from the notion of the superiority of Northern peoples that German thinkers had developed to distinguish themselves from the French. Northernness remains an important idea in depictions and discussions of Canada (see Grace and Wiebe ).

The idea that Canada contains many nations, that is, the Indigenous nations (as defined in the Constitution Act , 1982) and Quebec, has only recently taken hold (see Kymlicka). Within the last forty years, the Canadian government has also sought to officially recognize the contributions of Canadians from many different nations and ethnic backgrounds through the ratification of the Multiculturalism Act (1988), which built on the ideas formed in the Multiculturalism Policy (1971) and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982).

Some welcomed the official recognition of diversity, while others felt the policy to be a way of designating certain groups as outside the dominant society (e.g., see Bissoondath). In fact, some critics have argued that the multiculturalism policy leads to token displays of diversity—such as food, song, and dance—instead of dealing with actual social injustices. They feel that such displays construct members of ethnic minorities as exotic, while taking the focus away from their political and economic exclusion.

First Published: Aug 15, 2013 | Last Revised: October 4, 2016

Click and drag to reorder items.

Items = 0 reset

Briefly describe the main approaches to the study of Nationalism. Political Science Questions and Answers

February 15, 2024 entranciology IGNOU Assignments Questions and Answers , IGNOU Questions and Answers , M.A. (Political Science) Assignment Questions and Answers , M.A. (Political Science) Questions and Answers 0

The study of nationalism is a complex and multifaceted field within the broader discipline of political science, encompassing various theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches. Scholars have developed several main approaches to the study of nationalism, each offering distinct insights into the nature, causes, and consequences of nationalist movements and ideologies. Here, I will briefly describe four main approaches to the study of nationalism: primordialism, modernism, ethno-symbolism, and instrumentalism.

Primordialism

Primordialism is one of the earliest approaches to the study of nationalism, which emphasizes the deep-rooted, primordial attachments that individuals and communities have to their ethnic, cultural, or religious identities. Proponents of primordialism argue that nationalist sentiments are inherent to human nature and are based on long-standing, pre-existing ties of kinship, language, religion, and shared history. According to this perspective, nationalism arises from a sense of organic belonging and emotional attachment to one’s ethnic or cultural community, rather than from political or instrumental considerations. Primordialists often highlight the role of historical grievances, territorial claims, and cultural symbols in shaping nationalist movements and identities.

In contrast to primordialism, the modernist approach to nationalism emphasizes the role of modernization, industrialization, and state-building processes in the emergence and spread of nationalist ideologies. Modernists argue that nationalism is a product of the modern era, closely linked to the rise of nation-states, mass politics, and print capitalism. According to this perspective, nationalism is a rational and instrumental response to the challenges and opportunities of modernity, such as economic competition, social mobilization, and political participation. Modernists often highlight the role of elite intellectuals, political entrepreneurs, and state institutions in promoting nationalist ideologies and mobilizing support for national projects.

Ethno-symbolism

Ethno-symbolism represents a middle ground between primordialism and modernism, emphasizing the symbolic and cultural dimensions of nationalism while also acknowledging its modern manifestations and instrumental uses. Ethno-symbolists argue that nationalist identities are not fixed or primordial but are constructed and reconstructed through ongoing processes of cultural interpretation and political contestation. According to this perspective, nationalist movements draw on historical myths, cultural symbols, and collective memories to mobilize support and legitimize claims to territory, autonomy, or sovereignty. Ethno-symbolists also emphasize the role of rituals, ceremonies, and commemorative practices in shaping national consciousness and identity.

Instrumentalism

Instrumentalism, also known as instrumentalist or constructivist approach, views nationalism as a strategic and instrumental tool used by political elites to pursue their interests, consolidate power, and mobilize support. Proponents of instrumentalism argue that nationalist ideologies and movements are deliberately constructed and manipulated by political actors for specific political, economic, or social purposes. According to this perspective, nationalism is not an inherent or natural sentiment but is rather a contingent and context-specific phenomenon shaped by power dynamics, elite competition, and strategic calculations. Instrumentalists often highlight the role of propaganda, education, and mass media in shaping public perceptions and mobilizing support for nationalist agendas.

In summary, the study of nationalism encompasses a diverse range of theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches, each offering valuable insights into the complexities of nationalist movements and identities. From primordialism’s emphasis on deep-seated ethnic and cultural ties to modernism’s focus on the role of modernization and state-building processes, from ethno-symbolism’s attention to the symbolic and cultural dimensions of nationalism to instrumentalism’s emphasis on the strategic and instrumental uses of nationalist ideologies, scholars continue to explore the multifaceted nature of nationalism and its implications for politics, society, and identity.

Related posts:

• Write a note on contemporary political theory?
• Examine the justifications for democracy. Political Theory Paper
• Discuss the nature of rights. Political Theory Questions and Answers
• What is social equality? Explain. Political Theory Questions and Answers
• Write a short note on needs, rights and deserts? Political Theory Questions and Answers
• Write a short note on Types of duties? Political Theory Questions and Answers
• Write a Short Note on Nature of Citizenship – Political Theory Questions and Answers
• Write a Short Note on Popular Sovereignty – Political Theory Questions and Answers
• Write a Short Note on Civil Society – Political Theory Questions and Answers
• Write a Short Note on Legitimation – Political Theory Questions and Answers
• Write a Short Note on Civil Disobedience – Political Theory Questions and Answers
• Write a Short Note on Political Violence – Political Theory Questions and Answers
• What are the major features of India’s foreign policy? Explain.
• What are the major threats which China perceives from India? Explain.
• Explain India’s major concerns in South Asia ?
• Explain India’s geography, history and tradition as determinants of its foreign policy ?
• Examine the problems involved in securing self –determination in Europe in the 20th century. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Bring out the essence of the key concepts frequently used in the Realist framework. What purpose do they serve? Political Science Questions and Answers
• What are the different theoretical approaches to Regionalism? Explain – Political Science Questions and Answers
• Discuss the evolution of non –proliferation of nuclear weapons in the post –cold war era. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Write a short note on Impact of Science and technology on military affairs. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Write a short note on Uneven International Economic System. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Write a short note on Globalisation. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Write a short note on Critique of Orientalism. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Write a short note on Environmental Approaches. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Write a short note on Inter-state displacement. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Write a short note on Causes of Identity wars. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Write a short note on Nasser’s Three Circles. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Elaborate upon the Communist Party of India’s perspective on Independence. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Assess the potential for transformative change inherent in the Directive Principles of State Policy within the Indian Constitution. Political Science Questions and Answers
• “The judiciary is the most significant institution for protecting the rights and interests of citizens.” Comment. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Examine the circumstances and factors contributing to India’s centralisation of federal powers. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Write a short note on Jurisdiction of High Courts. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Write a short note on Parliamentary Sovereignty. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Analyse the economic consequences of liberalisation in India. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Elaborate on the regionalisation of Indian politics. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Discuss the key indicators to measure and assess sustainable development. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Write a short note on Gender Equity. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Write a short note on Planned Economy. Political Science Questions and Answers
• Political Science can deal with ‘state building’ better than ‘nation building’. Explain. Political Science Questions and Answers

Copyright © 2024 | WordPress Theme by MH Themes

• CBSE Notes For Class 10
• Class 10 History Notes
• Chapter 1 The Rise Of Nationalism In Europe

CBSE Class 10 History Notes Chapter 1 - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Chapter 1 of CBSE Class 10 History deals with many of the issues visualised by Sorrieu and will look at the diverse processes through which nation-states and nationalism came into being in nineteenth-century Europe. The topics covered in this chapter are the Rise of Nationalism in Europe, the French Revolution, Nationalism and Imperialism. Class 10 CBSE History Notes of Chapter 1 are prepared by our subject matter experts. By going through these notes, students can get a good grip and a clear insight into all the essential concepts. These CBSE Class 10 History Notes of Chapter 1 will help students to understand the chapter in a better way. It works as the best revision resource during board exams.

• Chapter 2: Nationalism in India
• Chapter 3: The Making of a Global World
• Chapter 4: The Age of Industrialisation
• Chapter 5: Print Culture and the Modern World

CBSE Class 10 History Notes Chapter 1 – The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

The rise of nationalism in europe, frédéric sorrieu vision of the world.

Frédéric Sorrieu, a French artist, in 1848, prepared a series of four prints, visualising his dream of a world made up of democratic and Social Republics.

• The first print shows the people of Europe and America marching in a long train and offering homage to the Statue of Liberty as they pass it. The torch of Enlightenment was carried by a female figure in one hand and the Charter of the Rights of Man in the other.
• On the earth in the foreground lie the shattered remains of the symbols of absolutist institutions.
• In Sorrieu’s utopian vision, the people of the world are grouped as distinct nations, identified through their flags and national costume.
• The procession was led by the United States and Switzerland, followed by France and Germany. Following the German people are the people of Austria, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Lombardy, Poland, England, Ireland, Hungary and Russia.
• From the heavens above, Christ, saints and angels gaze upon the scene. They have been used by the artist to symbolise fraternity among the nations of the world.

During the nineteenth century, nationalism emerged as a force which brought huge changes in the political and mental world of Europe. The end result of these changes was the emergence of the nation-state.

The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation

• In 1789, Nationalism came with the French Revolution and the political and constitutional changes led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens. Various measures and practices were introduced, such as the ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen ( the citizen). A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former one.
• Democracy was destroyed in France by Napoleon, and the Civil Code of 1804, known as the Napoleonic Code, did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and secured the right to property.

The Making of Nationalism in Europe

Germany, Italy and Switzerland were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories.

The Aristocracy and the New Middle Class

The Aristocracy was the dominant class on the continent politically and socially. The majority of the population was made up of the peasantry. Industrialisation began in England in the second half of the eighteenth century. New social groups came into being: a working-class population and a middle class made up of industrialists, businessmen, and professionals.

What Did Liberal Nationalism Stand For?

• The term ‘liberalism’ derives from the Latin root liber, meaning free. The right to vote and to get elected was granted exclusively to property-owning men. Men without property and all women were excluded from political rights.
• In 1834, a customs union or Zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined by most of the German states. The union abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two.

A New Conservatism after 1815

• In 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Conservatives believed in monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, and property and that the family should be preserved.
• A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, and the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe.
• In 1815, representatives of the European powers – Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria met in Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe.
• The Bourbon dynasty was restored to power, and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon.
• The major issue taken up by the liberal nationalists, who criticised the new conservative order, was the freedom of the press.

The Revolutionaries

• In 1815, secret societies were formed in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas. Revolutionaries opposed monarchical forms and fought for liberty and freedom.
• The Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini, born in Genoa in 1807, founded two more underground societies, the first being Young Italy in Marseilles.
• Secondly, he founded Young Europe in Berne, whose members were like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German states.

The Age of Revolutions: 1830-1848

In July 1830, Bourbon Kings were overthrown by liberal revolutionaries who installed a constitutional monarchy with Louis Philippe at its head. The July Revolution sparked an uprising in Brussels which led to Belgium breaking away from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. In 1821, Greeks struggled for independence.

The Romantic Imagination and National Feeling

• Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation: art and poetry, stories, and music helped express and shape nationalist feelings.
• Romanticism was a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment. Language also played an important role in developing nationalist sentiments.
• The Russian language was imposed everywhere, and in 1831, an armed rebellion against Russian rule took place, which was ultimately crushed.

Hunger, Hardship and Popular Revolt

Europe faced economic hardships in the 1830s. The first half of the nineteenth century saw an enormous increase in population all over Europe. The rise of food prices or a year of bad harvest led to widespread pauperism in towns and countries. In 1848, food shortages and widespread unemployment brought the population of Paris out on the roads.

The Revolution of the Liberals

In 1848, a revolution led by the educated middle classes was underway. Men and women of the liberal middle class demanded the creation of a nation-state on parliamentary principles – a constitution, freedom of the press and freedom of association.

A large number of political associations came together in Frankfurt to vote for an all-German National Assembly. On 18 May 1848, 831 elected representatives marched to take their places in the Frankfurt parliament convened in the Church of St Paul.

The Constitution drafted for the German nation was headed by a monarchy, subject to a Parliament. The Crown was offered to Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia, but he rejected it and joined other monarchs to oppose the elected assembly. The Middle Class dominated the Parliament, and a large number of women participated in the liberal movement.

Women formed their own political associations, founded newspapers and took part in

political meetings and demonstrations, but they were still denied suffrage rights during the election of the Assembly.

In the years after 1848, the autocratic monarchies of Central and Eastern Europe began to introduce the changes that had already taken place in Western Europe before 1815. Thus, serfdom and bonded labour were abolished both in the Habsburg dominions and in Russia.

The Making of Germany and Italy

Germany – can the army be the architect of a nation.

Nationalism in Europe moved away after 1848, and Germany and Italy came to be unified as nation-states. Prussia took over the leadership of the movement for national unification. The architect of this process was its chief minister, Otto von Bismarck, and it was carried out with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy.

In January 1871, the Prussian King, William I, was proclaimed German Emperor. An assembly was held to proclaim the new German Empire. The process of nation-building demonstrated the dominance of Prussian state power. The currency, banking, legal and judicial systems in Germany were modernised.

Italy Unified

Italy was divided into seven states in the middle of the nineteenth century, and among all the seven states, Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house. All the regions were dominated by different kings. In the 1830’s Giuseppe Mazzini formed a secret society called Young Italy.

The movement was led by Chief Minister Cavour. In 1859, Sardinia-Piedmont defeated Austrian forces. In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of the local peasants. In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy.

The Strange Case of Britain

Great Britain was the model of the nation, and prior to the eighteenth century, there was no British nation. The nation became powerful as it steadily grew in wealth, importance and power.

The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland resulted in the formation of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’ meant, in effect, that England was able to impose its influence on Scotland. In 1801, Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom. The symbols of the new Britain – the British flag (Union Jack), the national anthem (God Save Our Noble King), and the English language – were actively promoted.

Visualising the Nation

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, artists represented a country as a person and nations as female figures. During the French Revolution, female figures portray ideas such as Liberty, Justice and the Republic. Liberty is represented as a red cap or the broken chain, and justice as a blindfolded woman carrying a pair of weighing scales.

Nationalism and Imperialism

Nationalism was no longer retained after the last quarter of the nineteenth century. After 1871, the most tensioned area was called the Balkans, a region comprising modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro.

Ottoman Empire made the Balkans region explosive, and all through the nineteenth century, they strengthened themselves through modernisation and internal reforms. Due to various conflicts, Balkan became an area of intense conflict.

During this period, intense rivalry built among the European powers over trade and colonies as well as naval and military might, which led to a series of wars in the region and, finally, the First World War.

In 1914, Europe was disastered because of Nationalism, aligned with imperialism. Anti-imperial movements were developed, but they all struggled to form independent nation-states. But the idea of ‘nation-states’ was accepted as natural and universal.

Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 10 History Notes Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

What is nationalism.

The desire/wish of a group of people who have similar races, cultures, and languages to form a country is termed nationalism.

How to induce patriotism in a person?

Children and young adults must be taught at a young age about the importance of patriotism. Love for one’s own country must be instilled in every child’s mind and heart.

How to protect our nation from criticism?

1. Do not speak ill of your country 2. Do not misuse your national flag 3. Be polite and convey your positive thoughts about your country to other nationals.

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Request OTP on Voice Call

Post My Comment

• Share Share

Register with BYJU'S & Download Free PDFs

Register with byju's & watch live videos.

•  All topics A-Z
•  Grammar
•  Vocabulary
•  Speaking
•  Reading
•  Listening
•  Writing
•  Pronunciation
•  Virtual Classroom
• Worksheets by season
•  600 Creative Writing Prompts
•  Warmers, fillers & ice-breakers
•  Coloring pages to print
•  Flashcards
•  Classroom management worksheets
•  Emergency worksheets
•  Revision worksheets
• Resources we recommend
• Copyright 2007-2021 пїЅ
• Submit a worksheet
• Mobile version

AssignmentsBag.com

Assignments Class 10 Social Science The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Please refer to Assignments Class 10 Social Science The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Chapter 1 with solved questions and answers. We have provided Class 10 Social Science Assignments for all chapters on our website. These problems and solutions for Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Class 10 Social Science have been prepared as per the latest syllabus and books issued for the current academic year. Learn these solved important questions to get more marks in your class tests and examinations.

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Assignments Class 10 Social Science

ONE MARK QUESTIONS

Question. What was the result of the first upheaval that took place in France in July 1830? Ans : It resulted in the overthrowing of the Bourbon kings and installation of a constitutional monarch with Louis Philippe as the head.

Question. Mention the proclamation of the French Revolution. Ans : The proclamation of the French Revolution was “the people would constitute the nation and shape its destiny.”

Question. Name the event that mobilized nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe in 1830-1848? Ans : The Greek war of independence mobilized nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe in 1830-1848.

Question. What was the main aim of the revolutionaries of Europe during the years following 1815? Ans : Their main aim was to oppose the monarchial form of government and fight for liberty and freedom.

Question. What was the meaning of liberalism in early 19th century in Europe? Ans : Liberalism in early 19th century in Europe meant freedom for the individual, equality before law, government by consent and freedom of markets.

Question. What was the major change that occurred in the political and constitutional scenario due to French revolution in Europe? Ans : The major changes that occurred in the political and constitutional scenario due to French revolution in Europe were the end of the absolute monarch with the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French people.

Question. Why did big European powers meet in Berlin in 1885? Ans : In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, merchants from the towns in Europe began moving to the countryside, supplying money to peasants and artisans, persuading them to produce for an international market.

Question. Name the treaty of 1832 that recognized Greece as an independent nation. Ans : It was the Treaty of Constantinople that recognized Greece as an independent nation.

Question. What was the main aim of the French Revolutionaries? Ans : Their main aim was to transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French people by creating a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.

Question. Name the region Whose inhabitants were broadly known as Slavs? Ans.  Balkan

Question. Who spearheaded the protestant movement in Ireland? Ans.  Volftone

Question. Which Principle was propounded by Montesquieu? Ans.  Segrigation of power

Question. Which Treaty recognized Greece as an independent Nation? Ans.  Treaty of constitinople

Question. Who was Frederic Sorrieu? Ans.  French Artist

Question. What was zollvereinl How was it responsible for the economic unification of Germany? Ans.  A custom union, mostly German states. Established in 1834 which ended the tarrif barrier and reducedthe currencies from over thirty to two. This way it was a symbol of economic unification.

Question. Who was Duke Metternich? Ans.  Austrian Chancellor

Question. Find the correct Match. A. Bismarck – Italy B. Mazzini – Germany C. Cavour – Britian D. Meternich – Austria Ans. D. Metternich – Austria

Question. Which of the following is not classified on the basis of status of development? (a) Potential resource (b) Developed stock resource (c) Reserve resource (d) Renewable resource Ans.  (d) Renewable resource

Question. Everthing available in our environment to satisfy our needs is termed as: (a) Technology (b) Resource (c) Natural vegetation (d) None of these Ans.  (b) Resource

Question. Which state amont the north eastern states has been fully surveyed for its land use? (a) Arunachal pradesh (b) Manipur (c) Tripura (d) Assam Ans.  (d) Assam

Question. …………. soil is also known as regur and ideal for growing ………….. Ans.  Black, cotton

Question. …………… aimed at achieving global sustainable development. Ans.  Agenda 21

Question. The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels called ravines. Correct the Statement. Ans.  Gullies in place of ravines.

Question. Waste land includes forests, pastures and grazine land. Correct the Statement. Ans.  Waste land includes, rocky, arid and desert areas.

Question. Khadar soil is more fertile than bangar and has kanker modules. Correct the Statement. Ans.  Khadar soil is more fertile than bangar and has fine particles.

Question. Assertion: Resources are free gifts of nature. Reason: Resources like soil, air, water are available in nature. Option: (a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertion. (b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. (c) If A is true and R is false. (d) If A is false R is true. Ans.  (c) If A is true and R is false.

Question. Assertion: The availability of resources is not the only necessary condition for the development of any region. Reason: Not only availability of resource but also corresponding change in technology is necessary for the development of any region. Option: (a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertion. (b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. (c) If A is true and R is false. (d) If A is false R is true. Ans.  (a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of assertion.

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

Question. Describe any three reforms introduced by Napoleon in the territories he conquered. Ans : The three reforms introduced by Napoleon in the territories he conquered were: a. Napoleon introduced the Civil Code in the year 1804 which was also called as the Napoleon Code. It was introduced in order to abolish the privileges which were based on birth, to establish equality before the law and to give the right to property to all. b. He also introduced a system of uniform weight and measures and a system of common currency for the nation which helped the people in trade from one region to another. c. He had changed the system of transport and communications and made it more advanced.

Question. Explain the contribution of Otto van Bismarck in German unification. Ans : The movement of unification of Germany was leaded by Prussia. The chief minister of Prussia (Otto von Bismarck) became the main architect in the process of unification of Germany. The process of unification of Germany was taken up by him with the help of the Prussian army and the bureaucracy. He infused the feeling of nationalism in the minds of the people. Three wars were fought with Austria, Denmark and France over seven years and defeated Austria, Denmark and France which’ finally ended with the Prussian victory and thus completed the process of unification of Germany.

Question. Culture had played an important role in the development of nationalism in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries. Support the statement with examples. or How did nationalism develop through culture in Europe? Explain. Ans : It is true to say that culture had played an important role in the development of nationalism in Europe during the 18th and 19th centimes. This can be justified with the following examples: a. Romanticism and cultural movements in Greece helped in developing the feeling of nationalism, sense of togetherness and love for the country through language, art, poetry, stories, folk songs, music and the past experiences. b. Karol Kurpinski was able to develop the feeling of nationalist through his operas, music and folk dances. c. The Poland people were fighting with Russia for their language and culture.

Question. How did a wave of economic nationalism strengthen the wider nationalist sentiments growing in Europe? Explain. Ans : The following are the ways through which a wave of economic nationalism strengthen the wider nationalist sentiments growing in Europe: a. The demand for the unconstrained transfer of commodities and people. b. The formation of Zollverein. c. The formation of the railway network which increased the mobility and strengthen the economic condition.

Question. Explain the conditions that were viewed as obstacles to the economic exchange and growth by the new commercial classes during the 19th century in Europe. Ans : The following were the conditions that were viewed as obstacles to the economic exchange and growth by the new commercial classes during the 19th century in Europe: a. Restrictions were put on the movement of goods, capital and the people by many states. b. There was a problem of time consuming calculations due to the different system of weights and measures in different confederations. c. There was a problem of price rise and delay in supply of goods due to so many check posts and custom duties.

Question. Describe any three economic hardships faced by Europe in 1830s. or ‘Great economic hardships in Europe prevailed in 1830’s’. Support the statement with arguments. or Why was the decade of 1830 is known as great economic hardships in Europe? Explain any three reasons. Ans : The three economic hardships faced by Europe in 1830s were: a. High rise in population led to the unemployment condition and scarcity of jobs. b. The small producers faced stiff competition due to the import of cheap machine goods from England. c. Due to the burden of the feudal dues and taxes, there was bad harvest. d. There was rise in the prices of food grains due to the bad harvest which made the condition of the common people miserable.

Question. How had the female figures become an allegory of the nation during the 19th century in Europe? Analyse. Ans : The following are the ways by which the female figures become an allegory of the nation during the 19th century in Europe: a. The artists started personifying the nation with female figures in the 18th and 19th century which was an abstract idea that gave a concrete form to the nation. Hence, the female figure became the allegory of the nation. b. In France, the statues of Christene Marianne were erected in the public square and also marked on the coins and the stamps. It was the figure of Liberty with the red cap, the tricolor and the cockade. c. In Germany, Germania became the allegory wearing a crown of oak leaves because the German oak symbolizes heroism.

Question. What were Jacobin clubs? How did then- activities and campaigns help to spread the idea of nationalism abroad? Explain. Ans : The political clubs in Europe formed by the educated middle class for the replacement of autocratic regimes by the democratic government called the Jacobin clubs. Their activities and campaigns helped to spread the idea of nationalism abroad in the following ways: a. The French armies were able to move into Holland, Belgium and Switzerland. b. The French armies were able to spread the ideas of nationalism in other countries of the world after the outbreak of the revolutionary wars.

Question. Explain any three measures introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. Ans : The three measures introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people were: a. The idea of la patrie and le Citoyen helped the people enjoying the equal rights under a constitution. b. The former royal standard flag was replaced by a new French tricolor flag. c. The new estate general was elected. d. New hymns were composed and martyrs were commemorated. e. The regional dialects were discouraged in France and French was declared the common language of the nation.

Question. Describe in brief the process by which the ‘British nation’ came into existence. Ans : The formation of Britain or the unification of Britain was a result of long drawn parliamentary process. Before the 18th century there was no such nation called Britain. It was all comprised by the English, welsh, scot and Irish lived in the British Isles. All these regions had their own cultural and political traditions. Gradually England grew in importance due to its rising wealth and power which resulted in expansion of her influence over the other countries in that region. In the year 1707, the act of union between England and Scotland resulted in the formation of United Kingdom of Great Britain. Finally, the British nation had its own English culture, British flag, national anthem and English language.

Question. Explain the process of unification of Italy. Ans : a. Giuseppe Mazzini started initiative for the unification of Italy. He formed a secret society called ‘Young Italy’. b. King Victor Emmanuel II tried to unify Italian states through war. c. Further Victor Emmanuel II was supported and helped by Chief Minister Cavour and large number of armed volunteers under the leadership of Giuseppe Garibaldi.

Question. Explain the process of unification of Germany. Ans : a. The efforts of installing a constitutional monarchy in Germany with the help of political associations were failed by the year 1848. The failure of the Frankfurt parliament clearly indicated that Germany can be unified only with the combined effort of the monarchy and the army. b. The movement of unification of Germany was leaded by Prussia. There the chief minister of Prussia (Otto von Bismarck) became the main architect in the process of unification of Germany. c. Three wars were fought with Austria, Denmark and France over seven years which finally ended with the Prussian victory and then after the process of unification of Germany was completed.

Question. Discuss the process of the unification of Germany. Ans. 

Question. Which factors were responsible for the rise of nationalism in Europe? Ans.  Reasons for the rise of Nationalism- (i) Growth of Nation-states (ii) Encouragement of democratic rights. (iii) Enforcement on Social, Political and Economic equality (iv) Demand of human rights in different nations (v) Revolutionary reactions in absolute monarchical systems.

Question. “Napoleon’s administrative measures had revolutionized the whole administration”. Comment. Ans.  Napoleonic Code (i) Improvement In the rural administrative system (ii) Improvement in urban area (iii) Improvement in Trade

Question. What were the main stages of the unification of Italy? What were the main problems? Ans. 

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

Question. Describe the process of unification of Britain. Ans : The unification of Britain was not the result of any revolution but it was a long drawn-out process. Earlier, Britain was comprised of English, Welsh, Scot or Irish. But in all these, English nations grew in importance and power so was able to dominate over other nations of Britain. The English parliament came into power in 1688 with England at its centre. a. The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland resulted in formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain’. This means England was able to dominate Scotland. b. Ireland was divided into Catholic and Protestants. The English helped the Protestants to gain control over Catholic country. Catholic revolted against British but they were suppressed and Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom in 1801. A new British nation’ came through the propagation of English culture, the British flag (Union Jack), the national anthem (God Save Our Noble Ring), and the English language.

Question. Analyse the measures and practices introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. Ans : The measures and practices introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people were: a. The idea of La patrie and Le citoyen helped the people enjoying the equal rights under a constitution. b. The former royal standard flag was replaced by a new French tricolor flag. c. The new estate general was elected. d. New hymns were composed and martyrs were commemorated. e. The regional dialects were discouraged in France and French was declared the common language of the nation.

Question. Explain any four ideas of liberal nationalists in the economic sphere. Ans : The four ideas of liberal nationalists in the economic sphere were: a. They demanded the freedom of markets and restrictions to be abolished which were imposed by the state. b. They were in demand for the creation of the unified economic territory. c. They wanted the currency disparities to be balanced. d. They wanted to follow the uniform weights and measurement. e. They demanded good infrastructure for their economic interests.

Question. ‘Nationalism no longer retained its idealistic liberal democratic sentiments by the last quarter of the 19th century in Europe.’ Analyse the statement with examples. Ans : It is true to say that Nationalism no longer retained its idealistic liberal democratic sentiments by the last quarter of the 19th century in Europe. It was so due to the following reasons: a. Nationalism started becoming narrower in belief with inadequate ends. b. Now the concept of nationalism was changing in its meaning as more area of influence. c. The nationalists were manipulated by the chief European authorities. d. The problem of Balkan state was not solved rather it was being watched by the countries to become fruitful for them.

Question. Describe the explosive conditions that prevailed in Balkans after 1871 in Europe. Ans : The explosive conditions that prevailed in the Balkans after 1871 were: a. The modern day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia etc. were comprised together called the Balkans. They had conflict with one another on the basis of feelings of nationalism. b. The different Balkan regions were jealous of each other and always for their own identity. c. They wanted to gain more territory at the expense of the others. d. Balkans also became the scene of big power rivalry. Each power-Russia, Germany, England were keen to take hold on Balkans. e. The Balkans people used history to prove that they had once been independent. So, they became nationalist and rebellious to win back their long- lost independence.

SOURCE BASED QUESTIONS

Question. Read the extracts and answer the following questions. Economists began to think in terms of the national economy. They talked of how the nation could develop and what economic measures could help forge this nation together.

Friedrich List, Professor of Economics at the University of Tubingen in Germany, wrote in 1834: The aim of the zollverein is to bind the Germans economically into a nation. It will strengthen the nation materially as much by protecting its interests externally as by stimulating its internal productivity. It ought to awaken and raise national sentiment through a fusion of individual and provincial interests. The German people have realized that a free economic system is the only means to engender national feeling.’

(a) What was aim of Zollverein? Ans.  Bind the Germans economically into anation.

(b) Who was Friedrich List? Ans.  Professor of Economics

(c) Mention the importance of free economic system? Ans.  Engender National feelings

(d) What was the role of Economy in forging the nation together? Ans.  Students will solve by themselves

Related Posts

Assignments For Class 10 Hindi

Assignments Class 10 Science How do the Organisms Reproduce

Case study chapter 1 real numbers mathematics.

If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website.

If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked.

To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser.

World History Project - 1750 to the Present

Course: world history project - 1750 to the present   >   unit 2, read: origins and impacts of nationalism.

• BEFORE YOU WATCH: Nationalism
• WATCH: Nationalism
• READ: The World Revolution of 1848
• READ: Italian Nationalism — A Point of View
• READ: Bismarck and German Nationalism
• READ: Ethnic Nationalism
• READ: Rifa’a al-Tahtawi (Graphic Biography)
• BEFORE YOU WATCH: Samurai, Daimyo, Matthew Perry, and Nationalism
• WATCH: Samurai, Daimyo, Matthew Perry, and Nationalism
• Nationalism

First read: preview and skimming for gist

Second read: key ideas and understanding content.

• How does the author define nationalism?
• How did the French, Haitian, and American revolutions help spread nationalism?
• How does the author explain the decline in religious identity during the Long Nineteenth Century?
• Why was it harder for Germans and Italians to build a unified nation-state than it was for the French?

Third read: evaluating and corroborating

• The author argues that national identities have replaced traditional identities like religion. Is this true for you? What about for people you know, like grandparents or teachers? Do you see any new types of communities that people are identifying with in our world today?
• How do you think changes in communication helped spread nationalism through networks across the Atlantic Ocean?

Origins and Impacts of Nationalism

What exactly is nationalism, other reasons…, conclusions and future differences, want to join the conversation.

• Upvote Button navigates to signup page
• Downvote Button navigates to signup page
• Flag Button navigates to signup page

Cincinnati Reds CF TJ Friedl nears IL return; starts minor-league rehab assignment midweek

ARLINGTON, Texas — As the Cincinnati Reds played this weekend against the defending champs, news out of Arizona suggested their lineup might get a serious boost by the time they play the other team from last year’s World Series during their next road trip.

TJ Friedl, the Reds’ center fielder and igniter at the top of the lineup, is scheduled to start a minor-league rehab assignment with Triple-A Louisville “midweek,” the team said, during a series that opens Tuesday in St. Paul, Minnesota.

“It’s all happening pretty fast for him right now,” said manager David Bell, who said Friedl began playing in extended spring games Friday on defense only, with bunting to be added next, then full swings, before heading to St. Paul.

Reds Rangers Elly De La Cruz 'Elly has a plan' that's fueling his big step forward in 2024

Reds Marty Brennaman Marty Brennaman Field is getting an upgrade. What it is, when Marty will see it

All things Reds: Latest Cincinnati Reds news, schedule, roster, stats, injury updates and more.

Friedl, who has been sidelined since suffering a non-displaced fracture in his non-throwing wrist on a sliding defensive play March 16, could be back in the Reds lineup in one to two weeks after starting his Triple-A rehab assignment.

That could put his return from the injured list sometime during the Reds’ three-city road trip to San Francisco, Arizona and Los Angeles that opens May 10.