contoh assignment report

How to Write a Report for an Assignment

Academic assignments are very unpredictable. There are various fields, for example, Computer Programming or MBA, that you can be tested on, and one of them is writing a report. Whereas writing an essay is rather general, when report writing, you have to concentrate on factual information while taking any scientific and technical courses. Want to know how to write a report for a university assignment?

This article contains the instructions and guidelines concerning report writing, its target audience, and the problems to be addressed while completing the task.

If you’re a student struggling with a report writing assignment, you might wonder, “ Who can write my assignment for me ?” It’s understandable to feel overwhelmed and seek assistance when faced with a challenging academic task. Fortunately, many online writing services can help you complete your report writing assignment. These services offer professional writers who are experts in various fields and can provide high-quality, original content within your deadline. Before choosing a writing service, research and read reviews to ensure that you select a reputable and trustworthy company. With the right assistance, you can successfully complete your report writing assignment and achieve academic success.

How to Write a Report-Type Assignment: 9 Key Elements to Consider

A report is a short, well-planned, concise document written to address a specific purpose (to analyze a situation or issue) and audience (educators, a chief, subordinates, etc.) When writing a report, you should ensure that you address the highlighted issue adequately, providing evidence for each and every fact you mention. However, if you struggle with any of these steps or don’t have the time to complete the assignment, you may consider using a homework writing service . If you ask, “How to write my report?” the following points will be useful for you:

• Title Page. Every paper should have the name given to a particular type of work. You can learn how to write academic-style titles from Mark Fullmer, a teacher of English writing 101/102. If we are speaking about a report, you should state it in the title. Other details that you may need to include are your name, the university, and the date of submission if you are a student. And if you’re a worker who prepares a report for a chief, don’t forget to mention the organization’s name.

Have a look at the example.

• Executive summary report. A good report should have a summary that is approximately ½ of a page. The main details that should be included are a briefing on the main ideas discussed in the report, the analysis methods used, findings, and conclusions/recommendations, if any. It is important to clarify this so that your tutor/chief understands what you are doing right from the start of the report.
• Table of content. There should be a page of your report where a list of chapters/subsections with headlines and the page numbers are presented. Make this guide useful for your readers as they will easily find what they will be interested in, whether the findings or research methods chapters.
• List of abbreviations and symbols. If you are writing, for example, a technical report, there should be a separate list of the abbreviations used in your report. The technical language can be comprehensible for you and your professor, but others will struggle with most technical terms . Moreover, if you use some formulas for calculating, provide these symbols in this list as well.
• Introduction. The first chapter of your report should introduce the topic under discussion, some known information, and your approaches to the topic and how they relate to the other works.
• The main body. A good report, the topic of which is well-researched, should have 3 sections in the main part – methods, results, and discussion. In this part, you should include the research methods that are used and procedures that are followed to achieve the results of your analysis, then, you are also required to discuss your findings.
• Conclusions and recommendations. The concluding chapter should include an overview of the main ideas discussed in the report. Highlight your most central findings without including new ideas. Additionally, you can make suggestions for further research in the field you report on.
• Reference list. Every academic paper should have references, and there is no exemption when writing a report. Even if you are supposed to consider a particular subject on your own, you can’t escape from someone’s findings or ideas. Provide a list of the sources you consulted when conducting your research. Details to be included in the reference list are the data of all books, papers, reports, etc., you refer to in the text. In general, all sources are listed in alphabetical order by the surname of the author.
• Appendices. This section comprises all derivations, details, schemes, and listings that make your research/analysis in-depth. You may ask why it is necessary to separate this section. Can you imagine how boring it will be to read your report when there are tables, tables, and schemes on its pages? There is such a page for that purpose, but it is not always obligatory to have it in reports.

How to Make a Good Report: 5 Skills Needed

You may think that you need just a pen and a piece of paper to write a report. Indeed, you must have a set of skills to complete this assignment successfully. What are they?

• The skill to estimate adequately the time needed to complete the assignment. Usually, a student may procrastinate till the last minute as he/she is sure that it is a very easy task to write a report. Or vice versa – he/she believes this work requires much time. As a result, they spend a week or even weeks entirely on writing a report. What happens, then? Demotivation in studying and a ‘jumpy’ eye are guaranteed to you. As you understand, you should apply all essential time management skills to boost your productivity.
• The skill to define the scope of the study. A full understanding of the field of study is very important, but it plays into your hands when you know all the points that should be covered in the research project. So, it has to be defined at a preliminary stage of writing a report to arrive at more logical findings/conclusions. Outline the limitations of your study and the data specifications for your research paper.
• The researching skills. The research process involves finding out more about the topic under the question. What does it include in researching? Firstly, using effective tools to collect information. Secondly, refining search queries to obtain better research results. Thirdly, evaluate information found in different sources based on accuracy, validity, and appropriateness for your report. If you have all these skills, you are close to professional report writing.

But what if you don’t have the time or the skills to complete the assignment? In this case, you can use a “do my homework” service to help you with your report. These services can provide expert assistance with research, analysis, and writing to help you produce a high-quality report that meets your requirements and deadlines. Be sure to choose a reputable service that provides original and plagiarism-free work. With the help of a “ do my assignment ” service, you can save time and get the grades you need.

• The skill to plan and structure a piece of writing. According to CogniFit , the skill to plan forms our executive functions. It is a process that allows us to choose what needs to be done and what doesn’t. If you can create a framework for your paper writing, it will help you be excellent at it. Even short pieces require planning to be concise and to the point. Your report should fulfill its purpose to answer the assignment question according to a specific structure.
• Proofreading and editing skills. You probably want to present your report in the best possible light. Without any doubt, you are tired when finishing the assignment. Without proofreading your work, you might submit a paper with numerous grammar errors, unpunctuated sentences, or spelling mistakes. Moreover, you should remember what style you are required to use – whether it is an APA, MLA, or Harvard. All of them have peculiarities you should pay attention to while producing a report.

After reading this article, don’t just sit and enjoy the victory over report writing. The battle has not started and has not even been won yet. Let today be the day when you know how to write good academic reports. Subsequently, you’ll start writing reports as required. Practice makes perfect!

However, even with practice, some students may still struggle with report writing for various reasons, such as a lack of time or poor writing skills. In such cases, an assignment writing service can come in handy. These services provide professional assistance with report writing, ensuring that you receive a well-structured and well-written report that meets your academic requirements. These services employ experienced writers with the necessary skills and knowledge to handle different reports.

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8 Best Steps On How to Write An Assignment Report

Assignment reports are important in both academics and professional settings. Mastering the art of creating clear and organized reports can build the way for success and recognition in your endeavors.

In this blog, we will break down the process into easy parts. First, we will help you understand the topic and gather information. Then, we will guide you in organizing your thoughts and creating a strong conclusion.

But that’s not all! We will also tell you about seven important things your assignment report must have. These things will make sure your report is clear, makes sense, and gets you good grades.

No more confusion or worries. Let’s explore the world of assignment report writing together and make it simple and successful!

How To Write An Assignment Report?

Table of Contents

Reports for the most part include introducing your research and study of data or an issue, advising activities, and making plans and suggestions about it. That is what the reports of an assignment are for. And making reports is a bit of a difficult task for most of the students. And they always try to hide from it, which is not a good thing to do. Because writing a report for assignments is important. As only you have an idea about what you have written in your assignment. That is why you should write your own assignment report. 

There is a wide range of kinds of reports, including business, logical, and research reports. These are described out below:- 

 1: Decide on the “Terms and conditions of the reference’ 

 2: Decide on the methodology 

 3: Find the relative data/ information

 4: Decide the structure 

 5: Draft the initial segment of your report 

 6: Draft the table of contents

7: Arrange a reference list 

8: Revise your draft

You can likewise check our data on task composing for tips on arranging, discovering data, and evaluating your work. 

1: Decide The “Terms And Conditions Of The Reference

To settle on the terms of reference for your report, read your guidelines and some other data you’ve been given about the report, and consider the reason for the report: 

• What assignment is it about? 
• What precisely is required? 
• For what reason is it required? 
• When do I have to do it? 
• Who is it for, or who is it focused on? 
• Will assist you with drafting your Terms of reference?

2: Decide On The Methodology

This implies arranging your findings and what you have investigated or exploration, and how you’ll compose the report. These are the thing which you should ask yourself so that you can decide the methodology for your assignments’ report: 

• What data do you need? 
• Do you have to do any background scanning? 
• What articles or reports do you need for it? 
• Do you have to contact the library for help? 
• Also, do you have to meet or watch individuals? 
• Do you need to record information? 
• By what means will you approach this? 

Asking these inquiries in your mind will assist you in drafting the method section of your report, which plots the means you’ve taken to do the research or the assignment you have done. 

 3: Find The Relative Data/ Information

The most important thing to do is to discover the data you require for your report. To do this you may need to scan several written materials, watch individuals or practices, or other things which may help you with your assignment work. 

Ensure the data you find is appropriate and proper. Check your assignment’s requirements and rules and what is it asking from you. But if  In case you don’t know how the information will be gathered for your assignment then you should contact your instructor. 

 4: Decide The Structure 

Reports for the most part have a comparative structure, however, a few distinctions may contrast. How they contrast ordinarily relies upon a different thing: 

Depending upon the sort of report you are working on, the structure can include many things and some of those are as follows: 

• A cover sheet. 
• Official outline. 
• A presentation. 
• Terms of reference. 
• Technique. 
• Discoveries. 
• Suggestions. 
• References/Bibliography. 

The parts of a report have headings and subheadings, which are normally numbered and by which you will be able to define everything in a proper way. 

 5: Draft The Initial Segment Of Your Report 

When you have your structure, record the headings and begin to fill these in with the data you have assembled up until now. At this point, you ought to have the option to draft the terms of reference, methodology, and discoveries, and begin to work out what will go in the report’s informative supplement. 

The results are a consequence of the research you have done for your assignment They structure the basis of your report. So, you should draft the initial segment of your report very carefully. Because that’s one of the most important and initial things to do. 

 6: Draft The Table Of Contents

A few reports require an official summary as well as a review of the material you have written. Despite the fact that these segments draw close to the start of the report and you won’t have the option to do them until you have completed it, and you will have your structure and suggestions settled by then. 

An outline or the table of the content is around 100 words in length. It mentions to the reader what the report is about, and it sums up the proposals. 

So, You need to write the table of content very carefully because it will help everyone to get a list of the content. Which is a very important thing to do. 

7: Arrange A Reference List 

This is a rundown of the considerable number of sources you’ve must have referenced your work from. All you need to do is to put these references in your report clearly. So that everyone can read the references and things get cleared for them. And the best-referencing styles i the APA styling. You should follow the guidelines of APA referencing to get the best work. 

8: Revise Your Draft

• It is consistently important to change your work. Things you have to check to include: 
• In the event that you have done what you were approached to do. Check the task question, the directions/rules to ensure you are working in the flow. 
• In the event when you are claiming that your claim is true. Does the data you present help your decisions and proposals? 
• That all terms, images, and contractions utilized have been clarified. 
• That any outlines, tables, diagrams, and delineations are numbered and marked. 
• That the organizing is right, including your numbering, headings, are predictable all through the report. 
• You may need to set up a few drafts before you are satisfied with your work quality. On the other hand, you can get another person to check your report.

7 Things That Must Be Present In An Assignment Report

Here are 7 must-have things that must be present in an assignment report to score well : 

1. Clear Introduction

The report should start with an introduction that provides a brief overview of the assignment’s purpose and objectives.

2. Methodology

Explain the methods used to gather data or conduct research, showing how the information was obtained.

3. Relevant Data

Include accurate and appropriate data that supports the assignment’s findings and conclusions.

4. Organized Structure

The report should have a well-structured layout with headings and subheadings for easy navigation.

5. Conclusive Findings

Summarize the key findings derived from the data analysis, concisely presenting them.

6. Practical Recommendations

Provide actionable recommendations based on the report’s conclusions to address the issues.

7. Proper Referencing

Ensure that all sources used in the report are appropriately cited, acknowledging the original authors and works.

Conclusion:

So, this was all about how to write an assignment report. We hope that you have got some knowledge out of it. And now you will be able to work on your own and if not then we are here to help you with any kind of work. You can contact us anytime. Our Computer Science Assignment Help experts are available for you to 24*7. 

And if you like what you have read, then share this with your friends and let them know how to write an assignment report.

As a result, If you want programming assignment help or any other assignment help. Submit work now.

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Report Writing Format, Tips, Samples and Examples

Pankaj dhiman.

• Created on December 11, 2023

How to Write a Report: A Complete Guide (Format, Tips, Common Mistakes, Samples and Examples of Report Writing)

Struggling to write clear, concise reports that impress? Fear not! This blog is your one-stop guide to mastering report writing . Learn the essential format, uncover impactful tips, avoid common pitfalls, and get inspired by real-world examples.

Whether you’re a student, professional, or simply seeking to communicate effectively, this blog empowers you to craft compelling reports that leave a lasting impression.

Must Read: Notice Writing: How to write, Format, Examples

What is Report Writing ?

Report Writing – Writing reports is an organized method of communicating ideas, analysis, and conclusions to a target audience for a predetermined goal. It entails the methodical presentation of information, statistics, and suggestions, frequently drawn from study or inquiry.

Its main goal is to inform, convince, or suggest actions, which makes it a crucial ability in a variety of professional domains.

A well-written report usually has a concise conclusion, a well-thought-out analysis, a clear introduction, a thorough methodology, and a presentation of the findings.

It doesn’t matter what format is used as long as information is delivered in a logical manner, supports decision-making, and fosters understanding among stakeholders.

Must Read : Article Writing Format, Objective, Common Mistakes, and Samples

Format of Report Writing 

• Title Page:
• Title of the report.
• Author’s name.
• Date of submission.
• Any relevant institutional affiliations.
• Abstract/Summary:
• A brief overview of the report’s key points.
• Summarizes the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions.
• Table of Contents:
• Lists all sections and subsections with corresponding page numbers.

Introduction:

• Provides background information on the subject.
• Clearly states the purpose and objectives of the report.
• Methodology:
• Details how the information was gathered or the experiment conducted.
• Includes any relevant procedures, tools, or techniques used.
• Findings/Results:
• Presents the main outcomes, data, or observations.
• Often includes visual aids such as charts, graphs, or tables.
• Discussion:
• Analyzes and interprets the results.
• Provides context and explanations for the findings.

Conclusion:

• Summarizes the key points.
• May include recommendations or implications.

Must Read: Directed Writing: Format, Benefits, Topics, Common Mistakes and Examples

Report Writing Examples – Solved Questions from previous papers

Example 1: historical event report.

Question : Write a report on the historical significance of the “ Battle of Willow Creek ” based on the research of Sarah Turner. Analyze the key events, outcomes, and the lasting impact on the region.

Solved Report:

Title: Historical Event Report – The “Battle of Willow Creek” by Sarah Turner

This report delves into the historical significance of the “Battle of Willow Creek” based on the research of Sarah Turner. Examining key events, outcomes, and the lasting impact on the region, it sheds light on a pivotal moment in our local history.

Sarah Turner’s extensive research on the “Battle of Willow Creek” provides a unique opportunity to explore a critical chapter in our local history. This report aims to unravel the intricacies of this historical event.

Key Events:

The Battle of Willow Creek unfolded on [date] between [opposing forces]. Sarah Turner’s research meticulously outlines the sequence of events leading to the conflict, including the political climate, disputes over resources, and the strategies employed by both sides.

Through Turner’s insights, we gain a nuanced understanding of the immediate outcomes of the battle, such as changes in territorial control and the impact on the local population. The report highlights the consequences that rippled through subsequent years.

Lasting Impact:

Sarah Turner’s research underscores the enduring impact of the Battle of Willow Creek on the region’s development, cultural identity, and socio-political landscape. The report examines how the event shaped the community we know today.

The “Battle of Willow Creek,” as explored by Sarah Turner, emerges as a significant historical event with far-reaching consequences. Understanding its intricacies enriches our appreciation of local history and its role in shaping our community.

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Report writing Samples

 book review report.

Title: Book Review – “The Lost City” by Emily Rodriguez

“The Lost City” by Emily Rodriguez is an enthralling adventure novel that takes readers on a captivating journey through uncharted territories. The author weaves a tale of mystery, discovery, and self-realization that keeps the reader engaged from beginning to end.

Themes and Characters:

Rodriguez skillfully explores themes of resilience, friendship, and the pursuit of the unknown. The characters are well-developed, each contributing uniquely to the narrative. The protagonist’s transformation throughout the story adds depth to the overall theme of self-discovery.

Plot and Pacing:

The plot is intricately crafted, with twists and turns that maintain suspense and intrigue. Rodriguez’s ability to balance action scenes with moments of introspection contributes to the novel’s well-paced narrative.

Writing Style:

The author’s writing style is engaging and descriptive, allowing readers to vividly envision the settings and empathize with the characters. Dialogue flows naturally, enhancing the overall readability of the book.

“The Lost City” is a commendable work by Emily Rodriguez, showcasing her storytelling prowess and ability to create a captivating narrative. This novel is recommended for readers who enjoy adventure, mystery, and character-driven stories.

Must Read: What is Descriptive Writing? Learn how to write, Examples and Secret Tips

Report Writing Tips

Recognise your audience:

Take into account your target audience’s expectations and degree of knowledge. Adjust the content, tone, and language to the readers’ needs.

Precision and succinctness:

To communicate your point, use language that is simple and unambiguous. Steer clear of convoluted sentences or needless jargon that could confuse the reader.

Logical Structure:

Organize your report with a clear and logical structure, including sections like introduction, methodology, findings, discussion, and conclusion.

Use headings and subheadings to improve readability.

Introduction with Purpose:

Clearly state the purpose, objectives, and scope of the report in the introduction.

Provide context to help readers understand the importance of the information presented.

Methodology Details:

Clearly explain the methods or processes used to gather information.

Include details that would allow others to replicate the study or experiment.

Presentation of Findings:

Give a well-organized and structured presentation of your findings.

Employ graphics (tables, graphs, and charts) to support the text and improve comprehension.

Talk and Interpretation:

Examine the findings and talk about the ramifications.

Explain the significance of the results and how they relate to the main goal.

Brief Conclusion:

Recap the main ideas in the conclusion.

Indicate in detail any suggestions or actions that should be implemented in light of the results.

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Common mistakes for Report Writing 

Insufficient defining:.

Error: Employing ambiguous or imprecise wording that could cause misunderstandings.

Impact: It’s possible that readers won’t grasp the content, which could cause misunderstandings and confusion.

Solution: Explain difficult concepts, use clear language, and express ideas clearly.

Inadequate Coordination:

Error: Not adhering to a coherent and systematic format for the report.

Impact: The report’s overall effectiveness may be lowered by readers finding it difficult to follow the information’s flow due to the report’s lack of structure.

Solution: Make sure the sections are arranged clearly and sequentially, each of which adds to the report’s overall coherence.

Inadequate Research:

Error: Conducting insufficient research or relying on incomplete data.

Impact: Inaccuracies in data or lack of comprehensive information can weaken the report’s credibility and reliability.

Solution: Thoroughly research the topic, use reliable sources, and gather comprehensive data to support your findings.

Inconsistent Formatting:

Error: Using inconsistent formatting for headings, fonts, or spacing throughout the report.

Impact: Inconsistent formatting can make the report look unprofessional and distract from the content.

Solution: Maintain a uniform format for headings, fonts, and spacing to enhance the visual appeal and professionalism of the report.

Unsubstantiated Conclusions:

Error: Drawing conclusions that are not adequately supported by the evidence or findings presented.

Impact: Unsubstantiated conclusions can undermine the report’s credibility and weaken the overall argument.

Solution: Ensure that your conclusions are directly derived from the results and are logically connected to your research objectives, providing sufficient evidence to support your claims.

To sum up, proficient report writing necessitates precision, organization, and clarity. Making impactful reports requires avoiding common errors like ambiguous wording, shoddy organization, inadequate research, inconsistent formatting, and conclusions that are not supported by evidence.

One can improve the caliber and legitimacy of their reports by following a logical format, carrying out extensive research, staying clear, and providing conclusions that are supported by evidence.

Aiming for linguistic accuracy and meticulousness guarantees that the desired meaning is communicated successfully, promoting a deeper comprehension of the topic among readers.

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• How to write a lab report

How To Write A Lab Report | Step-by-Step Guide & Examples

Published on May 20, 2021 by Pritha Bhandari . Revised on July 23, 2023.

A lab report conveys the aim, methods, results, and conclusions of a scientific experiment. The main purpose of a lab report is to demonstrate your understanding of the scientific method by performing and evaluating a hands-on lab experiment. This type of assignment is usually shorter than a research paper .

Lab reports are commonly used in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. This article focuses on how to structure and write a lab report.

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Table of contents

Structuring a lab report, introduction, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about lab reports.

The sections of a lab report can vary between scientific fields and course requirements, but they usually contain the purpose, methods, and findings of a lab experiment .

Each section of a lab report has its own purpose.

• Title: expresses the topic of your study
• Abstract : summarizes your research aims, methods, results, and conclusions
• Introduction: establishes the context needed to understand the topic
• Method: describes the materials and procedures used in the experiment
• Results: reports all descriptive and inferential statistical analyses
• Discussion: interprets and evaluates results and identifies limitations
• Conclusion: sums up the main findings of your experiment
• References: list of all sources cited using a specific style (e.g. APA )
• Appendices : contains lengthy materials, procedures, tables or figures

Although most lab reports contain these sections, some sections can be omitted or combined with others. For example, some lab reports contain a brief section on research aims instead of an introduction, and a separate conclusion is not always required.

If you’re not sure, it’s best to check your lab report requirements with your instructor.

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Your title provides the first impression of your lab report – effective titles communicate the topic and/or the findings of your study in specific terms.

Create a title that directly conveys the main focus or purpose of your study. It doesn’t need to be creative or thought-provoking, but it should be informative.

• The effects of varying nitrogen levels on tomato plant height.
• Testing the universality of the McGurk effect.
• Comparing the viscosity of common liquids found in kitchens.

An abstract condenses a lab report into a brief overview of about 150–300 words. It should provide readers with a compact version of the research aims, the methods and materials used, the main results, and the final conclusion.

Think of it as a way of giving readers a preview of your full lab report. Write the abstract last, in the past tense, after you’ve drafted all the other sections of your report, so you’ll be able to succinctly summarize each section.

To write a lab report abstract, use these guiding questions:

• What is the wider context of your study?
• What research question were you trying to answer?
• How did you perform the experiment?
• What did your results show?
• How did you interpret your results?
• What is the importance of your findings?

Nitrogen is a necessary nutrient for high quality plants. Tomatoes, one of the most consumed fruits worldwide, rely on nitrogen for healthy leaves and stems to grow fruit. This experiment tested whether nitrogen levels affected tomato plant height in a controlled setting. It was expected that higher levels of nitrogen fertilizer would yield taller tomato plants.

Levels of nitrogen fertilizer were varied between three groups of tomato plants. The control group did not receive any nitrogen fertilizer, while one experimental group received low levels of nitrogen fertilizer, and a second experimental group received high levels of nitrogen fertilizer. All plants were grown from seeds, and heights were measured 50 days into the experiment.

The effects of nitrogen levels on plant height were tested between groups using an ANOVA. The plants with the highest level of nitrogen fertilizer were the tallest, while the plants with low levels of nitrogen exceeded the control group plants in height. In line with expectations and previous findings, the effects of nitrogen levels on plant height were statistically significant. This study strengthens the importance of nitrogen for tomato plants.

Your lab report introduction should set the scene for your experiment. One way to write your introduction is with a funnel (an inverted triangle) structure:

• Start with the broad, general research topic
• Narrow your topic down your specific study focus
• End with a clear research question

Begin by providing background information on your research topic and explaining why it’s important in a broad real-world or theoretical context. Describe relevant previous research on your topic and note how your study may confirm it or expand it, or fill a gap in the research field.

This lab experiment builds on previous research from Haque, Paul, and Sarker (2011), who demonstrated that tomato plant yield increased at higher levels of nitrogen. However, the present research focuses on plant height as a growth indicator and uses a lab-controlled setting instead.

Next, go into detail on the theoretical basis for your study and describe any directly relevant laws or equations that you’ll be using. State your main research aims and expectations by outlining your hypotheses .

Based on the importance of nitrogen for tomato plants, the primary hypothesis was that the plants with the high levels of nitrogen would grow the tallest. The secondary hypothesis was that plants with low levels of nitrogen would grow taller than plants with no nitrogen.

Your introduction doesn’t need to be long, but you may need to organize it into a few paragraphs or with subheadings such as “Research Context” or “Research Aims.”

A lab report Method section details the steps you took to gather and analyze data. Give enough detail so that others can follow or evaluate your procedures. Write this section in the past tense. If you need to include any long lists of procedural steps or materials, place them in the Appendices section but refer to them in the text here.

You should describe your experimental design, your subjects, materials, and specific procedures used for data collection and analysis.

Experimental design

Briefly note whether your experiment is a within-subjects  or between-subjects design, and describe how your sample units were assigned to conditions if relevant.

A between-subjects design with three groups of tomato plants was used. The control group did not receive any nitrogen fertilizer. The first experimental group received a low level of nitrogen fertilizer, while the second experimental group received a high level of nitrogen fertilizer.

Describe human subjects in terms of demographic characteristics, and animal or plant subjects in terms of genetic background. Note the total number of subjects as well as the number of subjects per condition or per group. You should also state how you recruited subjects for your study.

List the equipment or materials you used to gather data and state the model names for any specialized equipment.

List of materials

35 Tomato seeds

15 plant pots (15 cm tall)

Light lamps (50,000 lux)

Nitrogen fertilizer

Measuring tape

Describe your experimental settings and conditions in detail. You can provide labelled diagrams or images of the exact set-up necessary for experimental equipment. State how extraneous variables were controlled through restriction or by fixing them at a certain level (e.g., keeping the lab at room temperature).

Light levels were fixed throughout the experiment, and the plants were exposed to 12 hours of light a day. Temperature was restricted to between 23 and 25℃. The pH and carbon levels of the soil were also held constant throughout the experiment as these variables could influence plant height. The plants were grown in rooms free of insects or other pests, and they were spaced out adequately.

Your experimental procedure should describe the exact steps you took to gather data in chronological order. You’ll need to provide enough information so that someone else can replicate your procedure, but you should also be concise. Place detailed information in the appendices where appropriate.

In a lab experiment, you’ll often closely follow a lab manual to gather data. Some instructors will allow you to simply reference the manual and state whether you changed any steps based on practical considerations. Other instructors may want you to rewrite the lab manual procedures as complete sentences in coherent paragraphs, while noting any changes to the steps that you applied in practice.

If you’re performing extensive data analysis, be sure to state your planned analysis methods as well. This includes the types of tests you’ll perform and any programs or software you’ll use for calculations (if relevant).

First, tomato seeds were sown in wooden flats containing soil about 2 cm below the surface. Each seed was kept 3-5 cm apart. The flats were covered to keep the soil moist until germination. The seedlings were removed and transplanted to pots 8 days later, with a maximum of 2 plants to a pot. Each pot was watered once a day to keep the soil moist.

The nitrogen fertilizer treatment was applied to the plant pots 12 days after transplantation. The control group received no treatment, while the first experimental group received a low concentration, and the second experimental group received a high concentration. There were 5 pots in each group, and each plant pot was labelled to indicate the group the plants belonged to.

50 days after the start of the experiment, plant height was measured for all plants. A measuring tape was used to record the length of the plant from ground level to the top of the tallest leaf.

In your results section, you should report the results of any statistical analysis procedures that you undertook. You should clearly state how the results of statistical tests support or refute your initial hypotheses.

The main results to report include:

• any descriptive statistics
• statistical test results
• the significance of the test results
• estimates of standard error or confidence intervals

The mean heights of the plants in the control group, low nitrogen group, and high nitrogen groups were 20.3, 25.1, and 29.6 cm respectively. A one-way ANOVA was applied to calculate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer level on plant height. The results demonstrated statistically significant ( p = .03) height differences between groups.

Next, post-hoc tests were performed to assess the primary and secondary hypotheses. In support of the primary hypothesis, the high nitrogen group plants were significantly taller than the low nitrogen group and the control group plants. Similarly, the results supported the secondary hypothesis: the low nitrogen plants were taller than the control group plants.

These results can be reported in the text or in tables and figures. Use text for highlighting a few key results, but present large sets of numbers in tables, or show relationships between variables with graphs.

You should also include sample calculations in the Results section for complex experiments. For each sample calculation, provide a brief description of what it does and use clear symbols. Present your raw data in the Appendices section and refer to it to highlight any outliers or trends.

The Discussion section will help demonstrate your understanding of the experimental process and your critical thinking skills.

In this section, you can:

• Interpret your results
• Compare your findings with your expectations
• Identify any sources of experimental error
• Explain any unexpected results
• Suggest possible improvements for further studies

Interpreting your results involves clarifying how your results help you answer your main research question. Report whether your results support your hypotheses.

• Did you measure what you sought out to measure?
• Were your analysis procedures appropriate for this type of data?

Compare your findings with other research and explain any key differences in findings.

• Are your results in line with those from previous studies or your classmates’ results? Why or why not?

An effective Discussion section will also highlight the strengths and limitations of a study.

• Did you have high internal validity or reliability?
• How did you establish these aspects of your study?

When describing limitations, use specific examples. For example, if random error contributed substantially to the measurements in your study, state the particular sources of error (e.g., imprecise apparatus) and explain ways to improve them.

The results support the hypothesis that nitrogen levels affect plant height, with increasing levels producing taller plants. These statistically significant results are taken together with previous research to support the importance of nitrogen as a nutrient for tomato plant growth.

However, unlike previous studies, this study focused on plant height as an indicator of plant growth in the present experiment. Importantly, plant height may not always reflect plant health or fruit yield, so measuring other indicators would have strengthened the study findings.

Another limitation of the study is the plant height measurement technique, as the measuring tape was not suitable for plants with extreme curvature. Future studies may focus on measuring plant height in different ways.

The main strengths of this study were the controls for extraneous variables, such as pH and carbon levels of the soil. All other factors that could affect plant height were tightly controlled to isolate the effects of nitrogen levels, resulting in high internal validity for this study.

Your conclusion should be the final section of your lab report. Here, you’ll summarize the findings of your experiment, with a brief overview of the strengths and limitations, and implications of your study for further research.

Some lab reports may omit a Conclusion section because it overlaps with the Discussion section, but you should check with your instructor before doing so.

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A lab report conveys the aim, methods, results, and conclusions of a scientific experiment . Lab reports are commonly assigned in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.

The purpose of a lab report is to demonstrate your understanding of the scientific method with a hands-on lab experiment. Course instructors will often provide you with an experimental design and procedure. Your task is to write up how you actually performed the experiment and evaluate the outcome.

In contrast, a research paper requires you to independently develop an original argument. It involves more in-depth research and interpretation of sources and data.

A lab report is usually shorter than a research paper.

The sections of a lab report can vary between scientific fields and course requirements, but it usually contains the following:

• Abstract: summarizes your research aims, methods, results, and conclusions
• References: list of all sources cited using a specific style (e.g. APA)
• Appendices: contains lengthy materials, procedures, tables or figures

The results chapter or section simply and objectively reports what you found, without speculating on why you found these results. The discussion interprets the meaning of the results, puts them in context, and explains why they matter.

In qualitative research , results and discussion are sometimes combined. But in quantitative research , it’s considered important to separate the objective results from your interpretation of them.

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How to write an assignment report

Undergraduate and postgraduate students are required to submit various works during their study, and sometimes it might seem like a great challenge, especially when you don’t know what to start with. In this article we would like to ease this struggle, thus we give you a general overview of how to write an assignment in a report format.

On one hand, the format may vary from an institution to an institution requesting a different font type and size, style, specific indents and intervals. On the other hand, just like any other type of a composition, a good assignment report consists of a few essential parts that one should follow in order to write an A+ paper.

Don’t waste your time! Order your assignment!

Assignment Report Structure

The title page should be a laconic outline of the report. The information provided on a cover gives the first impression of any work, therefore, normally it includes only the most valuable points that inform a reader about a work’s leading subject, author, location (college, university etc.) where this work will be submitted, the date of its execution and, of course, a supervisor and advisers.

Notwithstanding, a title page doesn’t give a precise understanding of the matter, therefore, it is normally followed by a summary. The summary is an overview of a whole project, where the author is to shortly give a rundown of the information later closely described in the work. It usually consists of a brief elucidation of the importance of choosing a specific topic of a research, descriptions of the methods used during the assignment, outcomes and a conclusion. This part serves the purpose of informing a reader about the insights of a work, for that reason, no abbreviations, shortenings or narrowly specialized vocabulary, that is explained later in the work itself, are allowed in this part.

Then, the content should include all parts of the research as it serves as a guide throughout the whole work. Paragraphs are normally indicated with full numbers (1-10), whereas subparagraphs have decimals related to the main paragraph (1.1, 3.5). It is advised to use applications and Microsoft inbuilt programs, in order to generate a proper list of contents.

Most of the reports especially, if they are concerned with a technical subject, will likely have shortenings and symbols, thus a list of abbreviations is also required. It’s compiled alphabetically, starting with one of lowercase. Greek and Latin characters come after uppercase letters and should be arranged gradually.

It’s also important to make a transition from a full phrase to a shortening and not lose one or another. For instance, if a text includes an utterance ‘Biologically Produced Fuel’ and is abbreviated BPF, then the first time such an expression is used the abbreviation is written in brackets, and can be later on used without the phrase itself, e.g. ‘Biologically Produced Fuel (BPF)’.

The introduction states the matter and task of the work and should expose the relation with researches and other papers, which have been previously conducted or written. Here, the author is required to write a background, in short, underlining the idea behind a topic and its context.

Less than a page long, the introduction is the statement of a problem and probable solution, which a reader is to go through while reading the work. A few words about why this topic is important and unique for the overall matter should do the work as well.

The body is the most informative and dense part of any assignment. It reflects all the compiled material, theoretical background and practical implementation in the report solution finding. The author is expected to refer specifically to other works on the subject, but only if such references facilitate a more detailed research and comprise information needed for it. However, this part shouldn’t be too long either. Depending on the nature of a research or an assignment, the body can be of various sizes, from 2 to 50 pages long.

It’s recommended to focus on the innovation and usefulness of findings. Also, it’s helpful for a report to outline, if the theoretical base of a problem is different from the real implementation. If yes, then how do these two contrast? Have there been any unpredicted or additional issues, which are not described in sources? Etc.

Having written the body of a report, you are only a half way to accomplishing the task. Now, there should be conclusions. This part serves the purpose of summarization and reflection on the conducted report. From one to three pages long, conclusions have to provide a concrete solution or solutions to the problem indicated in the introduction, and analysis held in the body.

There shouldn’t be any new opinions or statements in this paragraph, but only final statements supporting the main idea.

After the main paragraphs are finished, it’s time to compile final the ‘chords’ of any paper. First of all, it’s references, which are any student’s proof of credibility. The requirements to concluding a list of sources may vary, however, normally it serves as a list of sources:

• researches;
• academic papers.

Quotes and citation are marked with numbers, written in brackets, referring to a specific work listed in the references.

Second of all, there may be tables, graphical or textual organizers, or any other extra material, which does not qualify as a reference. In this case, a paragraph of appendixes is added. This paragraph contains any additional information that the author would like to introduce to a reader, but which doesn’t include any specific input, unlike references.

All in all, the structure of any research is quite strict and requires precision. However, there are a few hints on how to do an assignment in a report format that can facilitate writing and make it even more efficient.

Tips about how to write an assignment in report format

• Writing professionally and concisely determines the author’s preparation and understanding of a topic. Reports demand a restrained style and certain vocabulary, and do not favor ‘watering down’.
• Though the author has to introduce the main problem in a report, it’s always good to create a statement that reflects the paper’s main idea. Making it bold and relatable can help emphasize the importance of the work, and can be later used in the conclusions to make the report more specific; giving the impression that the main idea has been followed throughout the research and has finally reached its summary.
• Headings are the most visible parts of any text. They are a good way to catch one’s attention and prepare a reader for an upcoming paragraph. You should avoid any vagueness and keep them strictly informative since their purpose is to specify a topic. Furthermore, headings should present a paragraph from a clear aspect. E.g. instead of putting it simply as ‘History’ or ‘Reasons’, it’s better to make it more precise, like ‘Historical predispositions of the establishment of first colonies’ etc. This will help you understand how to write a good assignment report which will impress the reader at once.
• Subtitles are as essential as titles (headings). They are a nice device to separate subparagraphs within one topic and concentrate on details, which can be easily unnoticeable in large abstracts.
• The use of lists makes a report more structured tells a reader about the author’s ability to analyze and conclude clearly. It’s good to number statements when it comes to putting them into a chronological order or arranging a sequence of events. The bulleted list is useful, in order to show equal statements, qualities of a subject or solutions to a problem.
• Editing and proofreading are best friends of any writer, as they provide the last chance to find mistakes and typos, assure that a text has the required structure and includes all necessary topics. Moreover, it’s always a good idea to ask someone else to reread it, as a fresh perspective can perform miracles. Now you can stop googling the request “how to make a report for assignment” because you already know everything.

Taking into consideration the tips stated above will surely improve your writing skills and make you forget the breathtaking question, ‘How to write an assignment report?’ for good.

Related assignments:

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• Table of Contents

AI, Ethics & Human Agency

Collaboration, information literacy, writing process, recommendation report assignment, student learning outcomes.

By the time you’ve completed this module, you’ll be able to

• understand the role of recommendation reports in workplace settings
• give you practice developing the interpersonal competencies prized by employers
• develop information literacy and information design competencies
• develop revision and editing competencies based on critical feedback from their instructor, the collaborative efforts of their peers, and peer reviews conducted by other students in other teams.

Assignment Guidelines

The Recommendation Report Assignment builds on all of the work you have done earlier in the process, including

• Problem Definition Assignment
• Pitch Assignment
• Team Charter Exercise
• Research Summaries Exercise
• Empirical Research Exercise
• Research Proposal Assignment
• Progress Report & Presentation

Now that you’ve completed your research, you can turn your focus toward analyzing your findings, synthesizing them, and developing a recommendation or a set of recommendations for your

• Your Recommendation Report may be written to the audience of your choice (e.g., a client, a stakeholder, an investor). Your audience is familiar with your past work pertaining to the Consulting Simulation
• following an eight-week project, your team is making recommendations for solving a problem. Your recommendations are supported by research
• Length: 12 to 15 pages (group of 4 students) or 15 to 18 (group of 5 students) page report body with front matter, back matter, and supplemental material

Required Content

Recommendation Reports are a type of final report. Below is a summary of required minimum content for your Recommendation Report. To fully understand the conventions of this genre, see Formal Reports . Front Matter

Prepare the font matter only after you have a complete draft of the report, and don’t prepare the table of contents until the end. 

The report front matter will include:

• Letter of transmittal
• Problem Definition
• Potential solutions to the problem
• Empirical Research Methods used to investigate the problem
• Recommendations
• List of Illustrations

Required Content: Report Body

Note: your specific rhetorical context will determine what headings you use in your Recommendation Report. That said, the following sections are fairly typical for this genre, and they are required, as appropriate, for this assignment.

Required content: Report back matter

Collect material for the appendices as you go. The report back matter will include:

• Bibliography, which is sometimes referred to as Works Cited or References (Use a citation format appropriate for your field (APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE, etc.)
• Appendices, if necessary (e.g., letters of support, financial projections)

Required features: Formatting and design

Employ a professional writing style throughout, including:

• Page layout: Appropriate to audience, purpose, and context. 8.5 x 11 with 1-inch margins is a fail-safe default.
• Typography: Choose business-friendly fonts appropriate to your audience, purpose, and context; Arial for headers and Times New Roman for body text is a safe, neutral default.
• Headings and subheadings: Use a numbered heading and subheading system, formatted using the Styles function on your word processor.
• Bulleted and numbered lists: Use lists that are formatted correctly using the list buttons on your word processor with a blank line before the first bullet and after the last bullet
• Graphics and figures: Support data findings and arguments with appropriate visuals – charts, tables, graphics;  Include numbered titles and captions
• Page numbering: use lower-case Roman numerals for pages before the table of contents, Arabic numerals; no page number on the TOC.

Submission Guidelines

The Document Delivery Specialist alone needs to upload the Recommendation Report to the Course Learning Management System.

Individual team members do not need to upload copies of the report.

Additional Resources

• Final Reports by Angela Eward-Mangione   and Katherine McGee
• Professional Writing Style
• Recommendation Reports

Featured Articles

Academic Writing – How to Write for the Academic Community

Professional Writing – How to Write for the Professional World

Authority – How to Establish Credibility in Speech & Writing

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