extended essay in geography

IB Geography EE examples

Filter exemplars, how has the construction of masianokeng lifestyle shopping centre impacted the lives of masianokeng community and other neighboring communities, to what extent is frankfurt involved in sustainable urban development, analyzing the areas of riedberg and praunheim, want to get full marks for your ee allow us to review it for you 🎯, to what extent do socio-economic factors, in particular, accessibility, land costs, geographical location, and availability of resources, influence the location of industries in the gdansk metropolitan area, to what extent can models and concepts described in the geography of transport systems by jean-paul rodrigue explain the relatively low traffic numbers at mostar international airport, flooding in the sumas prairie: to what extent is the sumas prairie at risk of a flood with magnitude of the 2021 november event, fast track your coursework with mark schemes moderated by ib examiners. upgrade now 🚀, to what extent can the mangroves on st.john’s island benefit from restoration techniques used in other locations in singapore, to what extent can the increase in crime through ashaier divisions in the city of hebron from 2014 to 2021 be attributed to socioeconomic and geographical concentrated disparities, “to what extent can ecotourism at the can gio mangrove biosphere reserve, ho chi minh city,vietnam be considered successful”, spatio-temporal analysis of high-risk dengue clusters in bedok and jurong areas of singapore, to what extent does mountain biking affect the ecological health of mount fromme, to what extent does the standard of living within nur-sultan differentiate between the neighborhoods esil and baikonur in 2021, to what extent did transportation time, effect x gymnasium’s students’ academic performance, during the school year of 2020-21, before quarantine, how has tourism economically and environmentally affected the community of ‘muela, in what ways is greening the areas of warsaw a sustainable way of improving the standard of life in the city, to what extent does the life expectancy, education, and gross national income (gni) per capita influence the effectiveness of healthcare services in maseru, lesotho during the covid-19 pandemic, to what extent is traffic congestion a problem in maseru cbd, the effect of covid-19 on the tourism income of athens, to what extent are apartment prices affected by the quality of public services in different districts of lodz, to what extent has air pollution from the transportation sector decreased between 2005 and 2017 in paris, france due to the implementation of mitigation strategies for global climate change, how has the revitalization of jurong lake gardens improved the quality of life of local residents and visitors, to what extent has south africa’s agrarian land reform programme been successful at promoting socio-economic development within the country’s agricultural sector, how does the upper course of the savegre river influence the local temperature (micro-climate) during the month of january, contemporary study of the influence of the education and employment of women on the fertility rates in singapore, the classification of dulwich college singapore’s microclimate: an inquiry into the institution’s degree of urban and nature reserve microclimatic character.

Extended Essay

Hints and tips.

If you can, base your EE on a geographical model e.g. Bradshaw model. The examiners really want to see that your title is tightly related to the subject of Geography and models or a direct link to theorists will help this.

Show that your EE has a clear spatial element. A location map and saying where you are studying no longer seems good enough. You need to now say why you have chosen a particular area and why there may be differences within that area. If you can, then follow that up by using some sort of  map to show your results would be great. Also, try and say why your particular issue e.g. crime, gun ownership or flooding is an important issue for geographers to study.

The examiners now seem to want you to try and incorporate some form of statistical analysis to show that you have collected enough data and can prove there is a correlation, especially if this is a primary data focused EE.

Useful Resource

Campus des Nations - EE Website

Suggested Structure

While you will be given lots of help from the librarian and the EE coordinator the EE can still be daunting to start. Here are a few suggestions of how you could structure your EE - do be aware though that this is not the only way that you can do it.

Potential Structure

Use subheadings to divide up the different sections of your EE. Suggested subheadings:

1.0 - Introduction - Why is this an important issue to study? How does it fit in the context of the discipline(s) of 'Geography (and another)'. State your research question - 1 paragraph - this is short as you will expand on it in 1.1 and 1.2.

1.1 - The Global Context - Why is this an important issue on the global scale? It would be good to include evidence such as a graph to illustrate the importance. For example, increase in population and more migration has impacted the growth of urban areas, which has lead to increased pollution in cities, consider the graphs that would show this on a  global scale.  - 2 paragraphs

1.2 - Area of Research - geographical theory. What models can you use to put the focus of your EE into context? For example, rise of the middle classes, the nexus, land use models, climate change, etc.

1.3 - The Focus - Restate your rsearch question. Put your research question it in to context of why it is important at the local scale.

2.0 - Background

2.1 - Locational Context -  What location are you focusing on? Why are you focusing on this area? Graphs and maps are useful here to help you to illustrate your points.

3.0 - Methodology - How are you collecting your information? Think of it like a recipe as the idea is someone could replicate your study in a different area. Why is this a valid way to undertake the research? Justify why you have chosen the methods behind your research or primary data collection. For the different websites or reports you are using how reliable are these sources? Remember this could be primary or secondary data EE.

4.0  - Discussion - As you do for a 10 or 16 mark EAQ you need to create an argument. So the inital part of your discussion will need to discuss to what extent your ascertain is correct and then you need to suggest other factors that may have impacted the results you have found. Use further subheadings to break up this section. You must include graphs and maps in this section. (Remember if you can't map or graph it it probably shouldn't be a Geography related EE.)

5.0 - Conclusion - Summarise your findings and relate it back to the global setting. How could this inform us of how to deal with the issue on a global scale?

6.0 - Bibliography - MLA format.

Formal Presentation

Size 11 or 12 font.

Double spaced

Font - Times New Roman/ Lato/ Tahoma

Create a header and write the subject (Geography) and your candidate code on the right.

Insert page numbers on every page.

Front Cover needs to include:

The Subject

The Research Title

The Research Question

Your Candidate Code

Include a contents page.

Footnotes for intext citations.

Bibliography for all our sources including any images, maps or graphs that you are using - do this as you write your essay as it is hard to go back and refind all of your sources. MLA format.

Reflections

Reflections - The first and second reflection should be no more than 150 words and they need to show how you are engaging with the EE e.g. things that you have learnt, evolved or been encouraged to read from the initial investigations.

Useful Resources

How to Reflect From the IBO

Extended Essay Writing Reflections - A how to with examples including sentence starters.  

JK Geography - Extended Essay Help

Geography - Checklist

Examples of Geography Extended Essays

It sometimes difficult to know where to start when it comes to the EEs. It is always good to have a look at what the style and structure of an EE is like for our subject. Click on the link below for IBO assessed Geography EEs.

Geography EEs - Recommend read example B - 32/34

IB Extended Essay Topics: Geography

As a seasoned IB writer, I’ve had the pleasure and challenge of walking the complex terrain of the IB Diploma Programme (DP), particularly when it comes to writing a compelling Geography Extended Essay. Surprisingly, the very first problem many students face is choosing an appropriate topic and research question. Drawing from my experience, I aim to guide you through this choice with insights and advice to make your writing process smoother, more engaging, and more rewarding.

Understanding the IB DP Geography Extended Essay

First, let’s discuss what the IB DP Geography extended essay entails. This demanding yet fascinating task invites you to dig into a topic of your choice within the expansive and multifaceted world of geography. It’s an unparalleled chance to conduct a deep investigation into an area that piques your interest and holds significant academic value. From my perspective, crafting an exceptional essay involves selecting a topic that meets the rigorous IB criteria and ignites your passion. Your genuine enthusiasm for the subject is a beacon that illuminates your research, compellingly drawing the reader into your analytical path.

The Geography Extended Essay’s ability to intertwine scientific investigation with cultural understanding makes it stand out. It offers a platform where quantitative data meets qualitative insights. This blend provides a rich tapestry for exploration, allowing students to showcase their ability to research complex topics with precision and empathy. Here are a few reasons why choosing the right topic is crucial:

• Ensuring your topic aligns with the IB’s expectations is paramount. This alignment guarantees that your essay meets the fundamental requirements, paving the way for a successful evaluation.
• A topic that resonates with you will make the research process more enjoyable and engaging. Passion about your subject shows in the depth and quality of your analysis.
• Choosing a unique angle or a current issue can make your essay stand out. Topics that offer fresh perspectives or address timely questions are often more compelling and impactful.
• The best topics are those that allow for deep analytical thinking. Look for areas where you can apply geographical theories and concepts to real-world scenarios.

Choosing the perfect topic becomes integral to the extended essay-writing process in light of these considerations. It requires careful thought, creativity, and strategic planning.

Exciting Areas of Study in IB DP Geography

As diverse and expansive as the earth’s landscapes, geography as a discipline is a goldmine of fascinating topics ripe for exploration. You can move from the Arctic’s melting ice caps to the megacities’ bustling streets within its broad scope. Among its many fascinating branches, environmental and urban geography stand out for their relevance to our world today and their ability to generate deep, original research and insightful analysis. Here are some other compelling areas within IB DP Geography that offer rich avenues for exploration.

Cultural Geography

This area examines cultural practices, norms, and products and their relationships with the places and spaces where they originate. It invites deep research into the diversity of human cultures and their expressions worldwide.

Political Geography

An investigation into the spatial distribution of political processes and systems, including the study of boundaries, territories, and the geopolitics of resource distribution. This field provides insights into the complex interplay between geography and political power.

Economic Geography

This area focuses on how economies are spatially and environmentally distributed and how they influence global, regional, and local economic activities. It touches on topics such as globalization, trade, and economic development.

Physical Geography

This branch examines the natural processes and features of the Earth, including the study of landforms, climates, and vegetation and how these elements interact. It provides a foundational understanding of the physical world that we inhabit.

GIS and Remote Sensing

With the advent of technology, the ability to analyze spatial data through Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and observe the Earth through remote sensing has opened new geographic frontiers. These tools allow for the sophisticated analysis and visualization of geographical data, offering insights into various spatial phenomena.

IB Geography Extended Essay Topics and Research Questions

Below, I’ll share some topic ideas and research questions that could guide your exploration:

• The Impact of Climate Change on Coral Reefs . How is climate change affecting coral reef ecosystems in the Great Barrier Reef?
• Urbanization and Its Effects on Local Climate . How does urbanization influence microclimate conditions in major cities?
• Renewable Energy Sources and Geographic Potential . What is the potential for solar energy in Sub-Saharan Africa based on geographic and climatic conditions?
• Water Scarcity and Conflict in the Middle East . How does water scarcity contribute to geopolitical tensions in the Middle East?
• Effects of Tourism on Natural Landscapes . How does tourism impact erosion and natural landscapes in the Himalayas?
• Sustainable Agriculture Practices in Arid Regions . How do sustainable agricultural practices improve food security in arid regions?
• Economic Geography of the Coffee Trade . How does the global coffee trade impact Colombia’s economic conditions?
• Deforestation and Biodiversity Loss in the Amazon . What are the effects of deforestation on biodiversity in the Amazon Rainforest?
• Geopolitical Implications of Arctic Melting . How does the melting of Arctic ice influence geopolitical strategies and claims?
• Impact of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Communities . What are the adaptive strategies of coastal communities in Southeast Asia facing sea level rise?
• Cultural Geography and Identity in Border Regions . How do border dynamics influence cultural identity in the Basque region?
• Smart Cities and Urban Sustainability . How do smart city initiatives contribute to urban sustainability in Singapore?
• E-waste Management and Environmental Justice . What are the environmental justice issues surrounding e-waste management in Ghana?
• Public Transportation and Urban Air Quality . How does the development of public transportation systems affect air quality in European capitals?
• The Role of Green Spaces in Mental Health . How do urban green spaces impact mental health outcomes in densely populated cities?
• Impact of Plastic Pollution on Marine Life . How does plastic pollution in the Pacific Ocean impact the biodiversity of marine life in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?
• Sustainable Urban Development in Emerging Economies . What strategies are being employed to promote sustainable urban development in the cities of India?
• Geographic Factors Influencing Renewable Energy Adoption . Which geographic factors most significantly influence the adoption of wind energy in Northern Europe?
• Land Use Changes and Their Impact on Local Water Systems . How have changes in land use affected the hydrology of the Mississippi River Basin?
• Migration Patterns and Climate Change . What role does climate change play in shaping migration patterns in Sub-Saharan Africa?
• Food Security and Climate Variability . How does climate variability affect food security in the Andean region?
• The Geography of Digital Divide . How does the digital divide manifest in rural vs. urban areas in the United States?
• Volcanic Activity and Tourism . What is the impact of volcanic activity on tourism in Iceland?
• Conservation Efforts in Biodiversity Hotspots . How effective are conservation efforts in protecting biodiversity in Madagascar?
• The Economic Geography of Silk Road Trade Routes . How have historic Silk Road trade routes influenced the economic geography of Central Asia today?
• Geography of Health: Access to Healthcare in Remote Areas . What geographic factors influence access to healthcare in remote areas of Canada?
• Urban Heat Islands and Mitigation Strategies . What strategies are most effective in mitigating urban heat islands in Tokyo?
• Glacial Retreat and Global Water Supply . How is glacial retreat in the Himalayas expected to impact global water supply?
• Cultural Landscapes and Heritage Conservation . How do cultural landscapes contribute to heritage conservation in Tuscany, Italy?
• Social Geography of Homelessness in Urban Centers . What are the spatial patterns of homelessness in San Francisco, and what factors contribute to these patterns?
• Desertification and Livelihood in Sub-Saharan Africa . How is desertification affecting rural livelihoods in the Sahel region of Sub-Saharan Africa?
• The Geography of Internet Connectivity . What geographic factors contribute to Brazil’s digital divide between urban and rural areas?
• Impact of High-Speed Rail on Regional Development . How has introducing high-speed rail impacted regional development and urban-rural integration in China?
• Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Small Island Developing States . What strategies are Small Island Developing States (SIDS) implementing to adapt to climate change impacts?
• The Role of Geographic Location in Startup Ecosystems . How does geographic location influence the success and concentration of startup ecosystems, with a specific focus on Silicon Valley?
• Agricultural Practices and Soil Erosion . How do traditional vs. modern agricultural practices affect soil erosion rates in the Midwest United States?
• Geographic Patterns of Renewable Energy Usage . What are the geographic patterns of renewable energy usage in Scandinavia, and how does physical geography influence them?
• The Effect of Mountain Ranges on Climate . How do mountain ranges, such as the Rockies, affect the climate and weather patterns of the adjacent regions?
• Urban Sprawl and Wildlife Habitat . What impact does urban sprawl have on wildlife habitat and biodiversity in the outskirts of European capitals?
• Geography and the Spread of Infectious Diseases . How have geographic factors influenced the spread and impact of infectious diseases, with a case study on COVID-19 in densely populated cities?

These topics span various branches of geography, aiming to inspire a range of interests and research directions.

Don’t let the stress of the IB curriculum hold you back.

Are you struggling to come up with topic suggestions for your IB Extended Essay? Or do you need help with Internal Assessment?

Our experienced writers can help you choose the perfect topic and assist you with any assignment.

You can order an Extended Essay tailored to your specific subject and requirements.

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Finally, I’d like to offer a few final words of wisdom. Engaging your reader with a compelling narrative, demonstrating your critical thinking, and showing originality in your analysis will set your essay apart. Trust me, paying attention to these details can take your essay from good to exceptional. So, armed with these insights and strategies, you’re better equipped to begin your writing process. I wish you all the best and look forward to seeing where your intellectual curiosity takes you in the vast and varied landscape of IB DP Geography. Also, remember that our IB experts are always ready to help you with Extended Essay writing.

Nora Spinster

Nora Spinster is a multi-talented individual who is an educator, lawyer, youth, expert IB tutor, education activist, and language and writing enthusiast. Nora has a wealth of experience in copywriting, having worked with various organizations and businesses to craft compelling and effective copy. Nora has published articles on young learners and teenage students in the International House Journal and occasionally posts on ibwritingservice.com educational blog

• Nora Spinster https://ibwritingservice.com/blog/author/noraspinster/ Literature Extended Essay Topics for IB Students
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Geography Extended Essay Topics: 30+ Ideas to Get You Started

by  Antony W

September 2, 2022

Up until now, you’ve learned what a Geography Extended Essay is, how to choose the right topic to explore, and how to treat the topic.  Still, coming up with relevant Geography Extended Essay topics can be a big challenge, especially if you aren’t so creative.

Geography Extended Essay Help

Geography is an interesting subject, but it’s equally involving because it requires a lot of reading and extensive research.

So if you’ve chosen this IB subject for your Extended Essay project, you’ll need to schedule enough time to choose a topic, develop your research, and work on the EE within the predefined scope of the assignment.

If you’ve started working on the project and already find it overwhelming,  click here to check our EE writing help .  Hire Help for Assessment writers, and we’ll help you get the work completed in the shortest time possible.

The advantage of our writing service is that we’re timely.

In other words, we’ve customized our writing help such that you get your paper delivered to you at least 2 hour before the deadline. As such, you never have to worry about running late with your submission or missing a draft to present in your reflection meetings. 

30+ Best IB Geography Extended Essay Topics 

To help make the topic selection process easier, we’ve put together a list of 30+ IB Geography Extended Essay topics for inspiration.

Check them out below. 

• How much does the risk of arsenic poisoning diminish when one moves away from certain Bangladeshi river routes and irrigated areas?
• Does air quality increase away from one of London's busiest roundabouts as one travels over a transect of 10 kilometers?
• How does Lake Vatten affect the fall weather in the area (the microclimate)?
• Should we believe that Singapore is the "Harmonious home" that Goh Chok Tong proclaimed it to be in 2012?
• Analysis of Warsaw's municipal service availability throughout the city's various neighborhoods
• How does the proximity of low and high-income neighborhoods in an LEDC vary with elevation and distance from the central business district?
• What socioeconomic elements and features of Eindhoven's urban design contribute to the city's high vandalism rates?
• How well do the migration patterns and causes in northern Thailand fit the profile of movements typical of an LEDC?
• Is there a correlation between the rate of literacy and the rate of extreme poverty in some Indian states and regions?
• A look at whether or not Singapore meets the criteria for a sustainable metropolis.
• How well do some of Ethiopia's eco-lodges meet Martha Honey's standards for "green" travel?
• Is there a correlation between the quality of life in northern and southern Mexico and the rate at which people migrate to the United States of America?
• How environmentally sustainable is the Township of Langley's business waste management program?
• What is the relationship between vandalism and the length of time spent away from a central business district?
• When compared to their home country, how would you rate the quality of living enjoyed by Filipinas working as foreign domestic workers in Singapore's Downtown area?
• Does Addis Abeba's nightlife improve or worsen as a function of the city's demographics?
• How has globalization changed the sound of music in certain middle-income and low-income countries?
• How do differences in gender, level of education, and working conditions affect the probability of becoming overweight?
• Does farming in certain Kenyan rural areas conform to Von Thunen's concept of land use?
• Are lower traffic volumes a result of the congestion charges imposed on vehicles entering central London?
• How much of a gap exists between the actual and ideal fertility rates in Singapore, and what causes this gap?
• How much does the rate of female infanticide rise when one moves away from a large city?
• How well is Menagesha state forest maintained ecologically, and what is its ecological value?
• Is there a difference in Ethiopia between the metropolitan center of Addis Ababa and the more rural city of Harar when it comes to women's reproductive health?
• How much have rising temperatures in Singapore caused people to feel less at ease in their own homes?
• The development of an Atlas Information System Project for Global Mapping
• Geographical phenomenon structure, connection, and dynamics models
• Structure, relationship, and dynamics models of spatially extended phenomena
• Asian, African, and Latin American "regions of underdevelopment" compared and contrasted
• Using and safeguarding the seas' natural complexity is a worldwide human issue
• A timeline of humankind's progress through the ages, charting the methods through which space has been explored on Earth.
• Modeling techniques in the geographic information system and their potential and limits
• Thoughts and insights gained from working on multimedia geographic information systems.
• The role that human geography plays in the formation of society and the processes that make it up.
• The significance of mountains in maintaining the integrity of our planet Earth's surface and atmosphere
• The primary factor responsible for the majority of the province of British Columbia's wildfire outbreaks
• The influence that geography has on the functioning of the government and the formulation of new policies
• The various kinds of atmospheric gases and the roles they play in people's lives.
• The areas of the world that are most likely to be affected by the effects of global warming
• Creating a disaster management strategy that is the most effective possible
• Examine the size, location, and population density of cities all across the world and draw some conclusions.
• Talk about the mountains, rivers, deserts, plains, forests, and lakes that make up the North American continent.
• What potential issues may arise if one biome encroached into the area of another?
• Explore the impact of various modes of transportation on global patterns of human habitation.
• Explore the link between economic opportunity and global population dispersion.
• Outline the ways in which people have altered their environment via the extraction and consumption of raw materials
• Talk about the ways in which people's lives are interconnected through various forms of electronic communication
• Explain the global impact of temperature shifts on transportation networks.
• Describe the ways in which the residents of your city or town have modified the landscape over time.

Related Reading

• Chemistry Extended Essay Topics
• History Extended Essay Topics

Final Thoughts

We hope that this long list of topic ideas helps you to find the right topic from which you can formulate a research question to explore.

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

World Studies Extended Essay

World studies was first proposed by the United World College of Mahindra in 2001 and was eventually set up as an extended essay pilot option in 2005. The development of the world studies extended essay pilot has been underpinned by extensive academic research and development. IB staff have worked closely with both teachers in the pilot schools and Harvard Graduate School of Education, Project Zero Interdisciplinary Studies Project, to develop this exciting extended essay option.

A world studies extended essay must focus on a topic of global significance. This encourages the student to reflect on the world today in relation to issues such as the global food crisis, climate change, terrorism, energy security, migration, global health, technology and cultural exchange.

The student should then explore how their chosen issue may be illustrated in a local context or contexts using specific examples of a small scale, local phenomenon; in this way the student is linking the local to the global.

As the approach is interdisciplinary explaining the topic through the lens of more than one discipline, students should develop a clear rationale for taking an interdisciplinary approach, selecting the IB disciplines through which they plan to explore the topic. The process of researching and writing the world studies extended essay develops international-mindedness and specifically the concept of global consciousness. This concept encompasses three distinct strands:

• global sensitivity - a sensitivity to local phenomena and experiences as expressions of developments on the planet
• global understanding - the capacity to think in flexible and informed ways about issues of global significance
• global self - a developing perception of self as a global actor and member of humanity, capable of making a positive contribution to the world.

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World Studies Extended Essay: Global Themes

• Introduction
• Getting Started
• Global Themes
• Interdisciplinary Research
• What Makes Up a "Discipline"?
• Evaluating the Insights of Academic Disciplines
• Multiple Forms of Integration
• Evaluating Your Essay
• Common Stumbling Blocks
• Examples of Globally Conscious Students

World Studies Global Themes

Conflict, peace, and security Culture, language, and identity Environmental and/or economic sustainability Equality and inequality Health and development Science, technology and society

Conflict, peace, and security

Culture, language, and identity, environmental and/or economic sustainability, equality and inequality, health and development, science, technology and society, wsee documents.

WSEE Subject Guide and worksheets

• IB EE Subject Guide - World Studies, 2018
• Making Meaningful Connections Use this worksheet to help you think about your research plans: the concepts or methods your will be using, the global topic you're focusing on, and the academic disciplines you will be using.

RRS (Researcher's Reflection Space)

• Sample Prompts for the WSEE RRS What should you write in your RRS? Use these questions and prompts to help you think through the various stages of the research for your WSEE: your initial ideas, your thoughts and reflections during the process, and your conclusions.
• RRS Example B - World Studies

RPPF (Researcher's Planning and Progress Form) examples:

• RPPF Example 5 - World Studies
• RPPF Example 7 - World Studies

IB Extended Essay Guide & Timeline

Check the Extended Essay guide for specific guidance on completing the various steps in the research and writing process of the EE, and  these documents:

Quick Links

NoodleTools Links

The librarian is always happy to help you!

• << Previous: Getting Started
• Next: Interdisciplinary Study >>
• Last Updated: Sep 19, 2022 9:16 AM
• URL: https://libguides.westsoundacademy.org/wsee

• IB DP Geography concepts
• Geographic themes [Paper 1]
• Core: Global change [Paper 2]
• Higher Level: Global interactions [Paper 3]
• IB DP Geography Key Terms
• IB DP Geography Exam style questions
• IB DP Geography Geographic Skills
• IB DP Geography Visual Stimulus
• IB DP Geography Approaches to learning skills
• IB DP Geography Exam preparation
• IB DP Geography Revision
• IB DP Geography Internal Assessment

IB DP Geography Extended Essay

Unit contents.

• Developing your extended essay research question
• Producing an extended essay outline
• Geography extended essay methodology
• Structuring your Geography extended essay
• Reflections for the Planning and Progress Form
• Geography extended essay assessment

Here you will find a range of support materials for IB DP Geography students and educators who are tackling the Extended Essay.

All about geographyalltheway.com

geographyalltheway.com is a continually evolving repository of geography teaching resources, focused on IB DP Geography . Everything on the site, other than the resources for IB DP Geography , is free to access. A subscription can be purchased to access the IB DP Geography materials - which are useful for teaching all 16 years+ geography courses. The best was to stay informed of content updates and site developments is to subscribe to the How do you know what you don’t know? newsletter.

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50 Geography Extended Essay Topics

Geography EE should be an inquiry into a subject of personal interest that strongly connects to Geography.

Additionally, your research question and conclusion should reveal some personal connection to you to outperform the accent. Therefore, bear that in mind.

Table of Contents

Finding a topic for your geography extended essay. 1

Geography Extended Essay Example (Tourism). 2

Geography Extended Essay (EE) Topics if you live in a Big City. 2

Geography Extended Essay (EE) Topics if you live in a Small City. 3

50 Geography Extended Essay Topics. 3

Finding a topic for your geography extended essay

•             Choose something you are genuinely interested in

•             Has a strong focus on geography

•             Focused topic

The best investigations are typically those that are done locally. This specific approach promotes original research while discouraging an over-reliance on published sources.

You could also choose a topic that allows you to get a lot of primary data and one that you can create a hypothesis for. For instance you can select a topic on investigating and comparing the quality of life in different areas and you can link that to social injustices and issues people face.

Students write essays in subjects they are familiar with and have quick access to have a significantly higher likelihood of success due to a greater degree of personal involvement, which in turn promotes more in-depth research.

A good geography essay’s methodology, which includes gathering reliable data, is its cornerstone. Good data allows the student to do an in-depth study that distinguishes the best works. A fully published textbook-based essay does not often receive a high grade.

An extended geography essay should not be viewed as simply an extended piece of fieldwork. The extended essay does not necessarily need to place such a significant emphasis on primary field data, despite possible similarities in methodology.

In reality, published data is the foundation for many popular research topics. Thus, rather than data gathering and processing methods, the emphasis should be more on written analysis, interpretation, evaluation, and the formulation of an argument.

The methodology of the essay must be specific to the research subject and enable a thorough investigation.

For an extended essay in geography, appropriate sources could include both primary and secondary information, such as books, newspapers and magazines, interviews, the internet, maps, aerial photography and satellite images, digital landscape simulations, video, CD, DVD, GIS, diagrams, and models.

The geographical setting in which the research is being performed should be clearly described, typically using one or more maps and, where appropriate, pictures or satellite images.

Unless it is adequately analyzed using relevant geographic, statistical, graphical, or qualitative methodologies, geographic data is of limited use.

Geography Extended Essay Example (Tourism)

Let’s assume you select tourism (ecotourism) as your topic. I’d advice that you start your topic question with ‘to what extent…’ or ‘discuss’ as starting with these statements can be an indicator of independent thinking.

You can compare different areas and this gives you the opportunity to collect lots of data. Also, try and find a few samples on your topic and see what made those essays get more marks.

Geography Extended Essay (EE) Topics if you live in a Big City

If you live in a big city with a public transportation network, you could investigate the impacts on transportation in general, usage numbers, etc. Such an investigation will be fun and could score well if you do it right.

• Urban planning
• Gentrification
• Urban renewal
• Resilient cities

Geography Extended Essay (EE) Topics if you live in a Small City

• Vegetation type
• The causes of vandalism in Eindhoven : what socio-economic factors and types of urban design lead to high rates of vandalism in Eindhoven’s neighbourhoods? (2012)
• To what extent is biodiversity being managed successfully at Braunton Burrows? (2012)
• Has the recent development of integrated resort, Resort World Singapore, moved Sentosa Island past the stage of stagnation into the stage of rejuvenation or decline according to Butler’s (1980) Tourist Area Life Cycle model? (2013)
• The fertility rate and policies in Singapore (2011)
• How does the quality of life of Filipina Foreign Domestic Workers in the Downtown region of Singapore compare to the Philippines? (2015)
• Is there a relationship between location in the north and south of Mexico and the number of migrants moving to the United States of America, specifically taking into account indices of education, health and income? (2009)
• An investigation into the degree to which Hamburg can be considered a Sustainable Community (2009)
• An investigation into whether or not Singapore can be considered a sustainable city (2015)
• Is Singapore the “Harmonious home” Goh Chok Tong deemed it to be in 2012? (2015)
• To what extent is the Township of Langley’s corporate waste management program effective, demonstrating environmental sustainability? (2014)
• To what extent does the education and employment of women affect Singapore’s fertility rate? (2013)
• To what extent do gender, educational attainment, and working parameters influence obesity risk? – An investigation of the workforce in the Singapore Central Business District (2013)
• To what extent do the migration patterns and motives within the region of the north of Thailand conform with expected migrational movements in an LEDC? (2011)
• To what extent has urban development affected human thermal comfort levels in Singapore? (2012)
• To what extent are there differences between the observed and desired fertility in Singapore and what are the factors that   may influence this difference? (2017)
• Comparative study of availability of public services in districts of Warsaw (2021)
• Describe the geography of Liechtenstein.
• How does Indonesia’s volcanic activity affect the country?
• Why is Canada’s landscape so diverse?
• Compare the various climate zones in Russia.
• How does the Sahara Desert influence the African climate?
• Describe the climate in Chad.
• Investigate how wind turbines impact Germany’s environment.
• Compare the agriculture in the state of Georgia and Georgia, the country.
• Explain the peculiarities of the Bermuda Triangle.
• Examine the type of flora found in Greece.
• Explain the geographical features of Socotra Island.
• Human Geography Topics
• Examine the role of humans in animal extinction.
• What currently drives the economic change in the US?
• What does the Nigerian economic landscape look like?
• What determines the norms of social behavior in public spaces?
• Compare the distribution of religious groups in urban vs. rural areas.
• Explore the link between poor education and crime.
• Examine the consequences of urbanization.
• What makes a place exceptionally livable?
• How did the settlement pattern in Asia change over time?
• Cultural Geography Topics
• Explain how your home country shapes your identity.
• Explore how cultural techniques vary from country to country.
• Role of geological evidence in inspiring Darwin’s theory on the origin of species
• Extensive coral bleaching across the Great Barrier Reef resulting from climate change
• Response of the Caribbean ecosystem following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
• Salt accumulation in soil resulting from unsustainable irrigation practices
• Anticipated climate change impact on oceanic currents
• Massive power outages caused by solar storms – future prevention strategies
• Massive eruption of the Vesuvius supervolcano as the potential cause of Neanderthal extinction
• Polar vortex instability resulting from climate change
• Siberian permafrost thawing – current estimates of methane volume risking to be released and potential implications (according to models)
• Impact of fertilizers on the ecosystem of the Mississippi river
• What does the term “cultural turn” mean?
• Describe the most remarkable societal change in your community.
• What are the reasons for the rise of nationalism in 20th century Europe?
• What are the goals of feminist geography?
• Analyze how a matriarchal society works.

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IBDP Geography

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Updated 5 April 2024

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Latest updates see all, student textbook, chapter 6b - contrasting vulnerability - detailed examples, p3 hl core extension, new technologies for global flows, chapter 6a - disparities in exposure to climate change, core case studies and detailed examples, most popular see all, sample exam papers, model essays, sample exams for paper 1, p1 optional themes, 1. the variety of urban environments, p2 sl/hl core, responding to climate change, global trends in consumption, subscriber comments see all, paul christmas, tncs and food consumption, jonathan ames, managing urban social deprivation, claire reid, recommendations see all.

A fantastic collection of resources for the new IB Geography syllabus presented and organized in an easy to find manor.

This website allows teachers and students to have more information than just in the textbook and gives them the opportunity to practise IB style questions with each lesson unit. The video links are a great resource and the handouts practical.

Extended Essay Writers

Geography Extended Essay Topics

Luke MacQuoid

An extended essay in Geography  is a research paper written as a requirement for the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme. It is an independent, self-directed piece of research, finishing with a 4,000-word paper. The essay should focus on a specific topic within the field of geography, such as a geographical issue, phenomenon, or concept.

The essay should demonstrate the student’s ability to undertake and present independent research, as well as their understanding of the topic and its relevance to the wider field of geography. It is an opportunity for students to explore an area of personal interest and develop skills in research and data analysis.

6 Tips for Choosing Interesting geography extended essay topics

Choosing a topic for your geography extended essay can be a daunting task. With so many options to choose from, it can be difficult to know where to start. However, by following a few simple tips, you can select a topic that is interesting, relevant, and well-suited to your abilities.

In this section, we will explore some key considerations when choosing a topic for your geography extended essay, including choosing a topic that interests you, being specific, researching the availability of data, ensuring your topic is relevant, and consulting with your supervisor.

Additionally, we will also discuss the importance of thinking outside the box and choosing a unique topic that showcases your perspective on the subject. By following these tips, you can select a topic that will make your extended essay stand out and help you to achieve your best possible grade.

• Choose a topic that interests you: An extended essay is a significant undertaking, so it’s important to choose a topic that you’re passionate about. This will make the research and writing process more enjoyable and ensure that you’re motivated to complete the essay.
• Be specific: A good extended essay topic is specific and focused. Avoid broad topics that are too general or broad. Instead, choose a specific aspect of a larger topic and focus on that.
• Research availability of data: Before choosing a topic, research the availability of data in your area of interest. Your extended essay will require a significant amount of research and data analysis, so make sure you have access to the necessary information to support your argument. 
• Make sure your topic is relevant: Choose a topic that is relevant to current issues or debates in the field of geography. This will make it more interesting and engaging for the reader and will help to demonstrate your understanding of the subject. 
• Consult with your supervisor: Before finalizing your topic, consult with your supervisor or teacher. They can provide guidance on the suitability of your topic, as well as help you to refine your research question and focus your topic. 
• Don’t be afraid to think outside the box: Finally, don’t be afraid to think outside the box and choose a topic that is unconventional or unexpected. This can make your essay stand out and show that you have a unique perspective on the subject.

There are some example research questions for the Geography IB Extended Essay.

To aid in simplifying the task of choosing a topic, we have compiled a list of 30 potential IB Geography Extended Essay subjects for your reference.

• How does urbanization affect the quality of air in a specific city?
• What are the effects of tourism on the cultural preservation of a World Heritage Site?
• How does deforestation impact biodiversity in a tropical rainforest region?
• How does sea level rise affect small island nations?
• What is the impact of dams and water diversion projects on river ecosystems?
• How does climate change affect coastal erosion in a specific region?
• What is the relationship between poverty and access to clean water in a developing country?
• How does urban sprawl impact wildlife habitats?
• What is the impact of coastal development on marine ecosystems?
• How does the use of renewable energy sources affect greenhouse gas emissions in a specific region?
• What is the relationship between population growth and food security in a specific region?
• How does urban renewal impact socio-economic disparities in a specific city?
• What are the effects of industrialization on air and water quality in a specific region?
• How does urbanization affect natural resource consumption?
• What is the relationship between transportation infrastructure and economic development in a specific region?
• How does afforestation mitigate the effects of climate change?
• How do urban heat islands affect human health and well-being in a specific city?
• What is the impact of mining on local communities and the environment in a specific region?
• How do traditional agricultural practices contribute to maintaining biodiversity in a specific region?
• What is the relationship between economic development and land use change in a specific region?
• How do oil spills impact coastal communities and the environment?
• What is the role of wetlands in mitigating the effects of natural disasters?
• How does urbanization impact crime rates in a specific city?
• What is the effect of industrial agriculture on soil health and water quality in a specific region?
• How does urbanization affect access to green spaces and its impact on mental and physical well-being?
• What is the impact of sea level rise on coastal cities and their vulnerability to natural disasters?
• How does globalization impact the sustainability of traditional livelihoods in a specific region?
• What is the impact of urbanization on water resources and water availability in a specific region?
• How does urbanization affect the spread of infectious diseases in a specific city?
• What is the impact of urbanization on the quality of life in a specific city?

Please note that these are only examples of research questions and it is always best to check with your supervisor/teacher for suitability and availability of data for your specific region of interest.

Need help with your Geography extended essay?

From research and analysis to structuring and editing, our skilled mentors will be by your side, helping you craft an exceptional extended essay that not only meets the stringent IB criteria but also reflects your passion for geography studies.

Students can use these research questions as a starting point  for their geography extended essay. The research question will serve as the foundation for the essay and will guide the student’s research and writing.

Firstly, students can choose one of the research questions that aligns with their interests and knowledge. They can then use the research question to focus their research and data analysis on a specific aspect of the topic. This will help to ensure that the essay is well-organized and that the research is relevant and meaningful.

Secondly, students can use the research question to guide their literature review, which is an important part of the extended essay. The literature review should provide an overview of the existing research on the topic and demonstrate the student’s understanding of the relevant literature. By using the research question as a guide, students can ensure that they are reviewing the most relevant literature for their essays.

Thirdly, students can use the research question to guide their data analysis. By focusing on the research question, students can ensure that they are collecting and analyzing data that is relevant to their essays. This will help to ensure that the data analysis is meaningful and that the findings are relevant to the research question.

Finally, students can use the research question to guide the writing of their conclusion and evaluation. The conclusion should summarize the main findings of the research and demonstrate how they relate to the research question. The evaluation should reflect on the research process, including the limitations and strengths of the research and how it relates to the research question.

Overall, these research questions will serve as a roadmap for students throughout the research and writing process and will help them to stay focused and organized while working on their geography extended essay.

Ready to select your Geo EE topic?

In conclusion, selecting a topic for a geography extended essay can be challenging, but by following a few simple tips, you can select a topic that is interesting, relevant, and well-suited to your abilities. This section provided a list of potential topics, as well as research questions that can serve as a starting point for your essay.

By using these research questions, students can ensure that their essay is well-organized and that their research is relevant and meaningful. However, It is important to remember that selecting a topic and writing an extended essay is a time-consuming process and can be challenging for students.

In such cases, students can seek help from professional writing services . Writing services can provide students with expert guidance and support throughout the research and writing process. Some of the benefits of using a writing service include:

• Access to experienced and qualified writers who have extensive knowledge of the subject.
• Assistance with topic selection, research question development, and literature review.
• Help with data collection and analysis, as well as the organization and presentation of findings.
• Guidance with editing, proofreading, and formatting to ensure that the essay meets the required academic standards.
• Plagiarism-free, original, and high-quality work.

To sum up, by seeking help from professional writing services, students can alleviate the stress and pressure of writing an extended essay and increase their chances of success. They can be assured that their essay will be of high quality and written to the standards required by the International Baccalaureate (IB) program.

Luke MacQuoid has extensive experience teaching English as a foreign language in Japan, having worked with students of all ages for over 12 years. Currently, he is teaching at the tertiary level. Luke holds a BA from the University of Sussex and an MA in TESOL from Lancaster University, both located in England. As well to his work as an IB Examiner and Master Tutor, Luke also enjoys sharing his experiences and insights with others through writing articles for various websites, including extendedessaywriters.com blog

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Paul Krugman

Stuck ships and supply-chain inflation.

By Paul Krugman

Opinion Columnist

It has been a week since the Dali, a container ship, struck the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore. It’s still stuck there, and the images remain amazing, in part because the vessel is so huge compared with what’s left of the bridge. How could planners not have realized that operating superships in the harbor’s confined waters posed a risk?

And with the ship and pieces of the bridge blocking the harbor entry, the Port of Baltimore remains closed. How big a deal is that for the economy?

Well, it would have been quite a big deal if it had happened in late 2021 or early 2022, when global supply chains were under a lot of pressure. Remember when all those ships were steaming back and forth in front of Los Angeles, waiting for a berth?

It’s less important now: Pre-Dali Baltimore was only the 17th busiest U.S. port , and there’s apparently enough spare capacity that most of the cargoes that would normally have passed through Baltimore can be diverted to other East Coast ports. The Dali is no Ever Given , the ship that blocked the Suez Canal when it ran aground in 2021.

Still, global supply chains don’t have as much slack as they did, say, last summer, after the pandemic disruptions were mostly a thing of the past, because Baltimore isn’t the only problem. The Panama Canal is operating at reduced capacity because a historic drought , probably in part a consequence of climate change, has limited the supply of water to fill the canal’s locks.

Elsewhere, the Houthis have been firing missiles at ships entering or leaving the Red Sea, that is, heading to or from the Suez Canal. Presumably as a result of these and other problems, the New York Fed’s widely cited index of global supply chain pressure, while still not flashing the red lights it was showing in the winter of 2021-22, has worsened significantly since last August:

And given what we know about the causes of the inflation surge of 2021-22, this worsening makes me a bit nervous.

I think it’s fair to say that a great majority of economists were caught flat-footed one way or another by inflation developments over the past three years. Along with many others, I failed to predict the big initial run-up in inflation. But even most economists who got that part right appear in retrospect to have been right for the wrong reasons, because they failed to anticipate the “immaculate disinflation” of 2023: Inflation plunged, even though there was no recession, and the high unemployment some claimed would be necessary to get inflation down never materialized.

A side remark: Official measures of inflation were somewhat hot in the first two months of 2024. But much of this probably reflects the so-called January effect (which is actually spread out over January and February), in which many companies raise their prices with the coming of a new year. The Federal Reserve and many independent economists expect disinflation to resume in the months ahead.

So what explains the swift rise and fall of inflation? Way back in July 2021, White House economists argued that we were in a situation resembling the surge in inflation that began in 1946 — that recovery from Covid had created conditions similar to the early postwar period of pent-up demand and disrupted supply chains. The postwar inflation surge ended relatively quickly — after two years — without an extended period of high unemployment.

In retrospect, that analysis looks spot on, since pretty much the same thing seems to have happened in the latest inflation cycle. Following Mike Konczal of the Roosevelt Institute, who has just joined the Biden administration, here’s a plot of annual changes in core inflation — measured as consumer prices excluding food, which is the best number available back to the 1940s — against the unemployment rate:

As you can see, 2023 looks like the late 1940s, not, as inflation pessimists predicted, like the Volcker disinflation of the early 1980s.

A more recent White House analysis puts additional numbers to this diagnosis, estimating a Phillips curve — an equation that is supposed to track inflation — that includes the effects of supply-chain pressure, using the New York Fed measure. According to this model, supply chain pressures (plus the interaction of these pressures with demand) accounted for most of the rise in inflation above the Fed’s 2 percent target during the past several years:

Conversely, the model says that the easing of supply-chain problems as businesses adapted to economic change accounts for most of the disinflation since 2022.

This all makes a lot of sense, and until recently made me feel rather comfortable about the prospects for a soft landing — inflation falling to an acceptable level with unemployment staying low.

But if you think supply-chain disruptions were the main driver of inflation and the easing of these disruptions the main driver of disinflation, you have to be worried about the effects of a renewed worsening of the supply-chain situation.

Now, supply chain problems today aren’t remotely as bad as they were in 2021-22; if the Dali disaster had occurred back then, it really would have been a collapsed bridge too far. At least according to the New York Fed measure, we’ve actually been experiencing a stretch of below-normal supply pressure, and all that has happened is a return to normal. This might not have much adverse effect on inflation.

But I’m not as sure about this as I’d like. Supply chains are making me nervous again.

One difference from the 1940s: Price controls were never a serious prospect.

Immigration and the U.S. post-Covid boom.

Surprise: “ Italy has weathered recent crises well .”

Inflation expectations are down.

Facing the Music

Creating the score for “Dune .”

Paul Krugman has been an Opinion columnist since 2000 and is also a distinguished professor at the City University of New York Graduate Center. He won the 2008 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his work on international trade and economic geography. @ PaulKrugman