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173 World War 1 Essay Topics & Examples

If you’re looking for interesting World War I topics, you’re in the right place! StudyCorgi has plenty of WW1 topics to write about. Below is an extensive list of ideas for an essay, thesis, or research paper. Besides WWI research topics and questions, you’ll find free WW1 essay examples. Read them to get inspiration for your work.

🔥 7 Hottest WW1 Topics to Write About

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• Consequences of World War I and World War II
• World War II Was a Continuation of World War I
• Aspects of World War I in Harvey Dunn’s “On the Wire”
• Impacts on Women’s Role After World War I
• Renaissance Development and Crisis of the World War I
• America After World War I: A Melting Pot or a Salad Bowl
• World War I: Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism
• World War I: History and Causes The global conflict that lasted four years resulted in millions of human deaths and changed the map of Europe and the Middle East.
• Pan-Slavism and Nationalism as Causes of World War I Both nationalism and imperialism were major forces that drove the alliances toward World War I. The Pan-Slavic movement was not created by Russia to achieve its political goals.
• History of Aviation in World War I and World War II Aviation history has various periods that crafted its unique story. It began before the seventeenth century and is known for several momentous events that led to its development, such as World War I and World War II.
• The Late Ottoman Empire and World War I This paper evaluates the late Ottoman Empire and World War I by analyzing how the Ottoman empire lived before the war, and how people were recruited.
• Conscription in Canada During World War I In Canada, Conscription during World War I was a total failure as it left the nation more divided than it was before.
• World War I as a Total War World War I was a conflict the nations had never seen before. Over thirty countries lost millions of lives between 1914 and 1918, fighting for their ideals and principles.
• Nationalism as a Cause of World War I World War I was triggered by numerous causes, and nationalism is one of them. It is mainly perceived as a sense of pride experienced by a nation.
• Modernization in Post World War I Turkey and Iran After World War I, the important and contradictory process of modernization of Middle Eastern countries could be observed. The prominent examples are Iran and Turkey.
• Trench Warfare During World War I Trench warfare during World War I was characterized by the broad use of occupied lines consisting of trenches guaranteeing better protection to troops.
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder During and After World War I The paper examines the causes and manifestations of PTSD during and after World War I, despite the absence of this term at that time, and how diagnosis and treatment are made.
• The Late Ottoman Empire and World War I The study explains how military knowledge was exchanged between the Ottoman Army, Turkish soldiers, and the Germans during World War I.
• Events and Causes of World War I World War 1 took place between 1914 and 1918. A number of authors and scholars have come up with possible causes of the First World War. It took place between rich countries.
• World War One: Fundamental Reasons The paper examines the fundamental reasons that have led to World War One and make an accent on the reasons that drew the United States of America into the world conflict.
• How Woodrow Wilson Led the US to Involvement in World War I President Woodrow Wilson combined legalism, moralism, and idealism to argue for the United States’ entry into World War I.
• Events in the Balkans in Bringing About World War I The Balkan Wars began as a result of the unrest in Macedonia, which caused upheaval in Greece, Serbia, and Bulgaria.
• The Major Alliances of World War I World War I became an arena of the bloody confrontation between two major “armed camps” of the era — the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente.
• How WWI Changed Women’s Role in America The Great War initiated changes in the societal roles of American women. This was contributed by the contributions that they made during the war.
• Keiser’s Abdication During World War I After realizing that Germany would lose World War 1 on November 9, 1918, Keiser Wilhelm 11 was abdicated as the British Emperor and King of Prussia.
• How Germany Was Reborn After the Defeat in World War I There is an ongoing debate in historical scholarship about how quickly Germany managed to become great again after its defeat in World War I.
• World War I vs. World War II Differences The paper states that there is often a discourse among military historians that the First and Second World Wars are one event or two different ones.
• Events That Led to the Outbreak of World War I World War I may be regarded as a pivot point in modern history due to its impact on the world. Some events led to the outbreak of World War I.
• World War I and Its Psychological Consequences Different psychological consequences that significantly influenced the nations in World War I included post-traumatic stress disorder, hunger, and grief.
• What Was the Most Significant Reason to the Outbreak of World War 1
• Factors That Made the United States Join the Alliances in World War 1
• How Did the Development of Technology Affect World War 1
• What Expectation Did British Soldiers and Civilians Have of Their Government Following WWI
• The American Home Front During World War 1
• Traditions and Encounters: World War 1
• Fertility Shocks and Equilibrium Marriage-Rate Dynamics: Lessons From World War 1 in France
• Analyzing Propaganda During World War 1
• Good Cynicism and Bitterness From World War 1
• What Was Trench Warfare and What Was Its Impact in World War 1
• How Did the Interdependency of the Alliance Systems Help Lead To the Outbreak of WW1
• The Long Term and Short Term Causes of WW1 and How Each Player Became Involved in the Great War
• How Womens Lives Were Affected by World War 1
• How Did Imperialism Cause World War 1
• How the European Alliance Helped Cause World War 1
• The Impact World War 1 Had on Russia
• How Did the Middle East Change as a Result of World War 1
• What Was Life Like in the Trenches During World War 1
• How Did the Outbreak of WWI Contribute to the Genocide of the Armenians
• Why Australians Joined World War 1
• Participation of Different Nationalities in World War I World War I affected many states, and as the conflict progressed, more countries outside of Europe participated in it, which is why this conflict is a “world war.”
• Stance Against Communist Russia After World War I After World War I, US President Woodrow Wilson took significant steps toward establishing a strict regime of non-acceptance of Soviet ideology and political isolation.
• The Role of Western Power in the Middle East After World War I This paper examines the role of Western influence in the Middle East after World War I and how their presence shaped the region.
• Essentials of Chemical Warfare During World War I Below, the primary aspects of the application of chemical weapons will be presented, making an emphasis on the strategic changes it caused.
• How War Trauma Evolved During World War I This paper is an annotated bibliography that aims to find out how war trauma evolved from clinical and scientific perspectives during World War I.
• World War I Reflected in Literature and Art The romantic spirit during the early days of World War I eventually transformed into the personal tragedies of numerous people, which has been reflected in the works of poets.
• World War I: The Brief Analysis The history of the World War I actually is that of an arms race among the most powerful empires of the early 20th century.
• African-American Experience of World War I and the Harlem Renaissance This article aims to look at the African-American experience throughout World War I and the Harlem Renaissance.
• Globalization After World War I The emergence of the global economy corresponds to the aftermath of World War I, and the battle of governments and markets for control over the field brought unexpected results.
• World War I: Battle of Hill 70 Four months after Vimy Ridge, the Battle of Hill 70 was the first major Canadian battle of the summer and Lieutenant-General Arthur Currie first war in his whole career.
• The Development of Modern America After WWI The development of the automobile industry, the popularity of culture, and the first attempts to maintain international peace boosted the U.S. in a significant way.
• World War I and the Treaty of Versailles At the end of World War I, in the aftermath of the Soviet Union revolution and other developments in Russia, the Treaty of Versailles was adopted in 1918.
• How the Spanish Influenza Was Connected to WWI The Spanish influenza overlapped with the war for approximately nine months and persisted afterwards, with the war playing a major role in its spread and severity.
• World War I and Its Impact on the Life of Europe The Great War affected every aspect of life in Europe. It led to a substantial geopolitical reshuffle, the dissolution of several empires, and the emergence of new nation-states.
• The First World War as a Catalyst of Geopolitical Change The First World War is the prologue to the most significant geopolitical change. As a result of it, the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire, and the German Empire collapsed.
• WWI and Territorial Changes in Europe This paper reviews how the Russian, Ottoman, German, and Austria-Hungary empires collapsed during and after WWI and which regions were created from the downfall.
• Analysis of the World War 1 and Cold War The First World War is among significant wars that have occurred in history because it led to the Cold War characterized by persistent strains and conflicts.
• Results of World War I for Germany Having studied Germany’s after-war commitments, one should conclude that they could have been one of the principal causes of World War II.
• The Progressive Era and World War I The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether the decision to enter the war was a failure or success from the point of view of the Progressive Era values and ideas.
• Post-WWI America in “Soldier’s Home” by Ernest Hemingway The purpose of this paper is to analyze the short story in terms of its plot, characters, setting, and conflict in relation to its overall message and symbolism.
• “Experiences of World War I Soldiers” Lecture by Isherwood This essay discusses the lecture “Experiences of World War I Soldiers” by Ian Isherwood, from his course “Aftermath: The Experience of War and ‘Modern’ Memory.”
• America’s Entry Into World War I The onset of World War I came with repercussions to the United States, which initially planned on avoiding any confrontations.
• Fallouts of World War I World War I brought dramatic changes in all aspects of life. Globally, the political and governmental structure of world countries were changed.
• Causes of World War I Overview The increase of the armaments and military forces by the European countries in the years preceding 1914 was another predecessor of World War I.
• Workers and Immigrants During the World War I and II The consequences of World War I, the restriction of immigration, and the fear of immigrants led to the isolation of the United States during the 1930s.
• Was World War One the Main Cause of the Russian Revolution? This paper will explore the contribution of the First World War to the subsequent revolution that took place in Russia, analyzing whether the war was the main contributing factor.
• American World War I Propaganda The U.S.A. produced the greatest number of propaganda materials in relation to any other single nation participating in the war.
• Nursing During World War I: The Importance of the Discipline In the USA, the World War I provided an avenue for nursing to discover the importance of professional training and discipline. This war posed a threat to the status of nursing.
• The World War I and the October Revolution Russia’s participation in the First World War added to the misery of the people who not only had to suffer the poverty at home but also had to fight and support an unpopular war.
• World War I (WWI) Effects On American Society WWI brought into America new cultural practices, it became a stimulant for trade, and it also brought into the country a unifying spirit which contributed to the economic success.
• World War 1 Influences Analysis No one state can be charged with causing the world war. It was as a result of economic and political rivalry among nations. There was also the issue of nationalism.
• The Chinese in Canada Before World War I Canada before World War One was characterised by the immigration of foreign communities, especially the Chinese, which resulted in suspicion and fear by locals.
• Employment Opportunities for British Women After World War I Due to the need for Great Britain to unite all of its resources to survive the devastating effect of WWI, the social role and the opportunities for employment changed for women.
• World War I: Wilson Woodrow and League of Nations This is an essay that generally talks about some of the events of World War I, there is a discussion about Wilson Woodrow and his fight for the League of Nations.
• World War I and American Neutrality The U.S. Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles due to provisions established by Woodrow Wilson regarding collective security and the League of Nations.
• World War I and the United States’ Participation American people will always remember the effects of World War I. It claimed millions of lives and caused the destruction of cultural and architectural masterpieces.
• World War I and the Role of the United States in It When considering the factors that led to the eruption of WWI, one must mention nationalism, imperialism, and militarism.
• The History of Reasons for WWI Outbreak and the United States in WWI On April 6th, 1917, the United States of America decided to enter the First World War after maintaining its neutrality for three years since the conflict’s beginning.
• The World Remade: World War I The World War I became one of the most meaningful events that shaped the history of the humanity and preconditioned the development of the global intercourse in a particular way.
• World War I: Causes and the Entry of the US The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the immediate cause of World War I. But the events that led to the Great War go further back into the nineteenth century.
• World War I: Prerequisites and Consequences World War I is an example of how political ideologies and movements can influence the course of history and people’s perception of current events.
• World War I: Causes and the United States’ Role This paper aims to investigate the underlying causes of World War I along with the exploration of the role of the United States in the war.
• The United States’ Role in the World War I The U.S. managed to maintain neutrality for an impressive amount of time, yet even the American government had to define its position toward WWI at some point.
• World War I: Pan-Slavism in German-Speaking States This paper analyzes the role of nationalism, imperialism, and militarism and especially the rise of Pan-Slavism in Eastern Europe in German-speaking states.
• World War I and the US’ Role During and After It This paper is dedicated to revealing the causes of World War I as well as defining the role of the United States during the war and after its end.
• World War I and American Participation This paper analyzes the events that drew the United States into World War I. It clearly discusses why America first remained neutral between 1914-1917.
• Causes and Consequences of World War I The WW I is considered one of the most devastating and horrible military conflicts in the history of humanity, which resulted in the creation of the new world order and the collapse of numerous states.
• World War I, Its Chronology and Impacts This paper focuses on World War I that was identified as an important mark in the world’s history. It provides a detailed description of the war and explain its impacts.
• WWI and Interwar Military Innovations WWI triggered the development of an array of interwar military innovations. Today specialization is common in contemporary military forces.
• The League of Nations’ Activity After World War I It should be noted that President Roosevelt, although concerned about Germany’s actions, only gave one speech in Chicago, but no action had followed.
• Pan-Slavism in Fueling World War I The role of Pan-Slavism in fueling WWI has often been put in the center of discussions about this historic event.
• The United States’ Involvement into World War I Historians agree that numerous forces played a role towards initiating this war. This essay gives a detailed analysis of the major causes of the war and its aftermath.
• World War I: Franz Ferdinand’s Death and Alliances The Great War caused the death of at least 8.5 million soldiers and 7 million civilians. The Great War maimed and injured 20 million people.
• World War I: Nationalism and the US Impact In the case of WWI, nationalism led to the development of a competitive worldwide environment where each country felt the urge to overpower its closest rivals.
• Outbreak of World War I The World War I was inevitable as it resulted from the existing differences, leaders` personal ambitions, and the unstable international situation.
• World War I Aftermath for the United States World War I is one of the darkest moments in modern times. It erupted in 1914 with the world’s powerful nations forming opposing alliances.
• World War I and Political World Domination The complexity of the origins of World War I is undeniable, but it is possible to observe that one of the crucial factors was the struggle for domination on the political map.
• World War I Provocative Phenomenas The World War I demonstrated the role of the alliance system, the use of poison gas, and the effect of the genocide on the nations’ development.
• The Reaction of the American Citizens to the US Entry into World War I World War I left a lasting impact on America, influencing the next ten years of American foreign policy and domestic policy.
• Recruitment, Censorship and Propoganda in WW1 in Both Britain and Germany
• Discovering the American Past in World War 1
• Which Was the More Important Cause of World War 1
• The Most Influential Underlying Causes of World War 1
• Canadian History Since World War 1
• Comparison Between World War 1 And World War 2
• Military Leaders World War 1 as Well as After the War
• The Differences Between WWI and WWII
• The Bauhaus Movement During the World War 1
• What Expectation Did British Soldiers and Civilians Have of Their Government Following WWI?
• Causes Effects and Aftermath of World War 1 History
• How America Suffered From World War 1
• Aircraft During World War 1 and World War 2
• Liberal Democracy and Capitalism After World War 1
• Germany Between World War One to World War Two: Culture and Politics
• The Four Main Long-Term Causes of World War 1
• Industrial Revolution and the World War 1
• How Did the Location of Industry Respond to Falling Transport Costs in Britain Before World War 1
• The Fallout After World War 1 and the Great Depression
• The United States’ Entry Into World War 1
• How Did WW1 Lead to the Development of the Medical Field of Plastic Surgery?
• What Did the Intelligence Tradecraft Develop During World War 1?
• Did Britain Want Germany Weak After World War 1?
• Why Did Italy Enter Into World War 1?
• How Did Technological Developments During WW1 Affect the Soldiers Who Fought?
• Was WW1 the Result of Tensions Caused by German Nationalism?
• Should the United States Have Entered World War 1?
• Why Was World War 1 a Total War for Britain?
• What Was the Political Impact of World War 1?
• How Did Modern Weapons Change Combat in the First World War?
• Did WW1 Change the Status of Women?
• Was Germany Responsible for the Outbreak of World War 1?
• What Was the Underlying Cause of World War 1?
• How Did the World War 1 Change British Society?
• Why Did Australia Become Involved in World War 1?
• Should Any One Nation Be Seen as Responsible for the Outbreak of the First World War?
• How Did the First World War Affect Britain?
• What Was the Contribution of Britain to the Defeat of Germany in WW1?
• Did the First World War Liberate British Women?
• Why Did Central Power Lose the World War 1?
• How Did World War 1 Exacerbate Europe’s Economic Problems?
• Was the United States Genuinely Neutral During the First Years of World War 1?
• Did the First World War Represent an Irrevocable Crisis of Gender in the UK?
• How Did World War 1 Influence Modern-Day Art?
• Why Did Aircraft Make Significant Differences in World War 1?
• The role of nationalism in fueling WWI.
• Conditions, strategies, and impact of trench warfare during WWI.
• The significance of new weapons and military technology in WWI.
• The role of propaganda in shaping public opinion during WWI.
• The effects of WW1 on the lives of civilians.
• Immediate and long-term consequences of the Treaty of Versailles.
• The significance of colonial troops in WWI.
• Artistic responses to WWI and its aftermath.
• The impact of WWI on the global balance of powers.
• The progress in medical practices and treatments during WWI.
• Diplomatic failures and tensions that led to WWI.
• The experiences of soldiers in the trenches.
• Women’s non-combat roles during WW1.
• The role of espionage and intelligence in WW1.
• Religious institutions’ responses to WWI.
• The involvement of non-European countries in WW1.
• Aerial warfare strategies in WWI.
• The role of war correspondents in reporting on WW1.
• The impact of WW1 on subsequent conflicts and international relations.
• Ways in which WWI is remembered and commemorated in different countries.

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StudyCorgi . "173 World War 1 Essay Topics & Examples." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/world-war-1-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2021. "173 World War 1 Essay Topics & Examples." September 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/world-war-1-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on World War 1 were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on January 20, 2024 .

Writing Prompts about World War 1

• 🗃️ Essay topics
• ❓ Research questions
• 📝 Topic sentences
• 🪝 Essay hooks
• 📑 Thesis statements
• 🔀 Hypothesis examples
• 🧐 Personal statements

🔗 References

🗃️ world war 1 essay topics.

• Analysis of the geopolitical tensions, alliances, and rivalries that led to the outbreak of World War 1.
• An exploration of the impact of technological advancements on the battlefield during World War 1.
• Privileges above principles: Russia after the World War I.
• The contributions of women to the war effort during World War 1.
• The Treaty of Versailles: an evaluation of the peace treaty that ended World War 1.
• The use of propaganda by the belligerent powers during World War 1 and its effects on public opinion.
• The military operations and battles that took place on the Eastern Front during World War 1.
• The naval warfare that occurred during World War 1 and its impact on the outcome of the conflict.
• The impact of World War 1 on civilian populations and the economic, social, and political changes that resulted.
• An evaluation of the role of the United States in the conflict, including its entry into World War 1 and its impact on the outcome.
• An analysis of the political, economic, and social changes that occurred in Europe as a result of World War 1.
• A study of the impact of World War 1 on the Middle East and the establishment of new political borders and states.
• The diplomatic efforts to prevent and end the conflict and the impact of these efforts on the outcome of World War 1.
• The military strategies employed by the belligerent powers during World War 1 and their effectiveness.
• An exploration of the cultural changes that occurred as a result of World War 1.
• The use of espionage by the belligerent powers during World War 1.
• The contributions of non-combatants, such as nurses and volunteers, to the war effort during World War 1.
• An evaluation of the lasting impact of World War 1 on international relations, politics, and society.
• An analysis of the connections between World War 1 and World War 2.
• The use of propaganda by the belligerent powers during World War 1.

❓ Essay Questions on World War 1

• What were the primary causes of World War 1, and how did they contribute to the outbreak of the conflict?
• How did technological advancements, such as machine guns and chemical weapons, change the nature of warfare during World War 1?
• What was the impact of women’s participation in the war effort during World War 1, both on the home front and in the military?
• How did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to the political and economic instability that led to World War 2?
• What was the role of propaganda in shaping public opinion during World War 1?
• What were the key battles and military strategies used by the belligerent powers during World War 1?
• How did the war at sea impact the outcome of World War 1, and what naval technologies were developed during the conflict?
• How did the impact of World War 1 differ across different regions of the world, such as Europe, Africa, and Asia?
• What was the impact of World War 1 on colonialism, and how did it contribute to the rise of independence movements?
• How did the role of diplomacy and international relations impact the outcome of World War 1?
• What were the main factors that contributed to the decline of the Ottoman Empire during World War 1?
• How did the experiences of non-combatants, such as nurses and volunteers, impact the war effort during World War 1?
• What was the impact of World War 1 on art and literature, and how did it influence cultural developments in the years following the conflict?
• How did the emergence of new technologies, such as aviation and tanks, impact military strategy during World War 1?
• What was the impact of World War 1 on the development of nationalism and national identity, both in Europe and beyond?

📝 World War 1 Topic Sentence Examples

• The outbreak of World War 1 was a result of a complex set of factors, including nationalism, militarism, and the system of alliances that existed among the major powers of Europe.
• The use of trench warfare was a defining characteristic of World War 1, and it resulted in some of the deadliest battles in human history.
• The Treaty of Versailles, which officially ended World War 1, had far-reaching consequences for international relations and contributed to the political and economic instability that led to the outbreak of World War 2.

🪝 Best Hooks for World War 1 Paper

📍 definition hooks on world war 1.

• World War 1, also known as the Great War, was a global conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918. It was one of the deadliest wars in history, with an estimated 16 million military and civilian deaths. But it was also a war that marked a turning point in human history, reshaping the political and social landscape of the world in ways that continue to impact us to this day.
• At its core, World War 1 was a conflict between two opposing alliances: the Allies and the Central Powers. It was a war fought on multiple fronts, with soldiers from around the world fighting and dying in trenches, on battlefields, and at sea. But it was also a war that saw the emergence of new technologies and tactics, and the birth of modern warfare as we know it.

📍 Statistical Hooks about World War 1

• World War 1 was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, with an estimated 8.5 million military deaths and 13 million civilian deaths. In total, it is believed that the war claimed the lives of nearly 1% of the world’s population at the time.
• The Great War was a massive undertaking that required unprecedented levels of resources and manpower. Over 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized during the conflict. In addition, the war effort led to significant economic disruptions, with total war spending estimated at around $338 billion in today’s dollars.

📍 Quotation Hooks about World War 1 for Essay

• “The lamps are going out all over Europe, we shall not see them lit again in our lifetime.” – Sir Edward Grey
• “It is a fearful thing to lead this great peaceful people into war, into the most terrible and disastrous of all wars, civilization itself seeming to be in the balance.” – President Woodrow Wilson

📑 Best World War 1 Thesis Statements

✔️ argumentative thesis on world war 1.

• While World War 1 was a devastating and tragic event, it ultimately played a critical role in shaping the modern world. Through its impact on politics, society, and culture, the war set the stage for the 20th century and beyond.
• The Great War was not just a military conflict, but a complex web of political, economic, and social factors that led to its outbreak. By examining these underlying causes, we can gain a better understanding of how and why the war occurred, and how we can prevent similar conflicts in the future.

✔️ Analytical Thesis Examples about World War 1

• Exploring the factors that led to the outbreak of World War I: an analysis of the complex web of alliances, territorial disputes, and nationalist tensions that ultimately culminated in the Great War.
• The psychological toll of World War I on soldiers: a critical examination of the impact of the war on the mental health and well-being of soldiers, including the development of post-traumatic stress disorder and other psychological disorders, and the societal response to these issues.

✔️ Informative Thesis Samples about World War 1

• The impact of World War I on global politics: an analysis of the shift from multi-polar to bi-polar power structure and the emergence of the United States as a world superpower.
• The role of technological innovations in World War I: an examination of the impact of new weapons and tactics on the conduct and outcome of the war, including the introduction of tanks, chemical warfare, and new forms of communication and transportation.

🔀 World War 1 Hypothesis Examples

• The alliance system between major European powers, which created a complicated web of obligations and responsibilities, was a key factor that led to the escalation of tensions and ultimately, the outbreak of World War I.
• The use of new technologies, such as poison gas and machine guns, in World War I had a significant impact on the tactics and strategies employed by military leaders, leading to a high casualty rate among soldiers and changing the nature of warfare.

🔂 Null & Alternative Hypothesis on World War 1

• Null hypothesis: The use of new technologies, such as tanks and chemical warfare, did not have a significant impact on the outcome of World War I.
• Alternative hypothesis: The use of new technologies, such as tanks and chemical warfare, played a significant role in the outcome of World War I.

🧐 Examples of Personal Statement about World War 1

• World War I is a topic that has always fascinated me, as I believe it is a pivotal moment in human history that had a profound impact on the course of the 20th century. I am particularly interested in exploring the political and economic factors that led to the outbreak of the war, as well as the role of technological innovations and changing tactics in the conduct of the conflict. Through my research, I hope to gain a deeper understanding of this complex and tragic event and to gain insights into the lessons that can be learned from it.
• As someone with a family history of military service, the topic of World War I has always held a special significance for me. I am interested in exploring the experiences of soldiers on the front lines, and the psychological toll that the war took on them. I believe that understanding the human side of this conflict is essential to fully appreciating the impact that it had on the world, and to honoring the sacrifices of those who fought and died in it.
• Some of the Profound Effects of World War I on France
• Prenatal loss of father during World War One is predictive of a reduced lifespan in adulthood
• The Economics of World War I: A Comparative Quantitative Analysis
• German Philosophy and the First World War
• Mortality of first world war military personnel: Comparison of two military cohorts

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AssignZen . "Writing Prompts about World War 1." June 8, 2023. https://assignzen.com/writing-prompts/world-war-1-essay-ideas/.

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The Causes and Effects of World War I Essay

Introduction.

The effects of World War I can be seen around the world even now, more than one hundred years after its end; however, there is still no consensus as to its cause. In the words of Alfred Korzybski, “the destruction was brought about by nationalism, entangled alliances, narrow ethnic concerns, and desires for political gain – forces that are still with people today.” (cited in Levinson, 2014). Even though the majority of United States citizens did not have the direct experience of the terrific upset that the war caused in Europe, it can be argued that the country’s concern with championing democracy around the globe is one of its products (Levinson, 2014).

Many historians agree that an atmosphere of twentieth-century Europe was conducive to the creation of a complex mixture of economic, social, and political reasons that translated into powerful forces of imperialistic, nationalistic, and militaristic movements leading to the diplomatic crises of 1914 (Donaldson, 2014). Therefore, it can be said that the blame for the war could not be assigned to any individual country or a group of countries.

Nonetheless, the issue of responsibility was the main focus of the world in the years following the Armistice of 1918 (Donaldson, 2014). To this end, the Commission on the Responsibility of the Authors of the War and the Enforcement of Penalties met in Paris in 1919 (Donaldson, 2014). The investigation conducted by the commission showed that Germany and Austria, along with Turkey and Bulgaria as their allies, were responsible for the aggressive foreign policy tactics that led to the precipitation of the war (Donaldson, 2014).

The start of World War I was precipitated by the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, on June 28, 1914 (Mulligan, 2010) The elimination of the high-standing official was carried out by the group of secret society members called Black Hand and directed by Bosnian Serb Danilo Ilić (Storey, 2009). The political objective of the murder was to separate Austria-Hungary’s South Slav provinces to combine them into Yugoslavia (Storey, 2009).

In response to the killing of their official, Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia that commanded its government to prosecute the assassins. The objective of the ultimatum was to make its terms so strict that Serbia would be forced to reject it, thereby giving an excuse for launching a small war against it (Storey, 2009). Taking into consideration that Serbia had diplomatic relationships with Russia strengthened by their shared Slavic ties, the Austro-Hungarian government decided to take precautions against the two countries declaring war on it and allied with Germany. It is agreed that Germany was not opposed to Austro-Hungarian bellicosity, but rather supported and encouraged it, thus providing one more reason for the precipitation of the Great War (Levinson, 2014).

Even though Serbia’s response to the ultimatum was placating, Austria-Hungary decided to take aggressive action and declare war. It is argued that the main reason for World War I was the web of entangling alliances among the countries having an interest in the conflict between Austro-Hungary and Serbia (Storey, 2009). Following the Austro-Hungarian declaration of war, the Russian monarch mobilized his army because of the binding commitment of the treaty signed by the two countries.

As a result, on August 3, 1914, Germany declared war on the Russian Empire (Levinson, 2014). France was bound by treaty to Russia, and, therefore, had to start a war on Austria-Hungary and Germany. Even though a treaty tying France and Britain was loosely worded, the latter country had “a moral obligation” to defend the former (Levinson, 2014). Therefore, Britain and its allies Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, Japan, and the Union of South Africa also took a bellicose stance against Germany and offered their assistance in the military action against the country (Levinson, 2014). Thus, a gigantic web of entangling alliances pushed numerous countries to the precipice of war over what was intended to be a small-scale conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia.

Numerous other reasons led to World War I. The conflicting political interests of Russia and Japan over Manchuria and Korea resulted in a military defeat of Russia (Levinson, 2014). Therefore, the country wanted to restore its dignity by a victorious war. During the same period, a lot of small nations were seething with discontent over the Turkish and Austro-Hungarian rule, thereby providing an opportunity for the Russian Empire further to stir resentment by firing up nationalistic zeal under a pretense of pan-Slavic narrative (Levinson, 2014).

Austria-Hungary, on the other hand, sought an opportunity to establish its influence over a vast territory of mixed nations; the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne provided them with a perfect excuse for the initiation of the war. Political clashes in Germany were a reason for the country’s government to resort to the military conflict as a way of “averting civil unrest” (Levinson, 2014). Another factor that caused World War I was the desire of France to revenge a military defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1871 (Levinson, 2014).

It is impossible to name a single reason for the initiation of World War I. However, it is clear that the entangling web of alliances among numerous parties participating in the war, as well as complicated plots of governments and empires, led the small-scale dispute between Austria-Hungary and Serbia escalating into a military conflict that swept the entire world.

Donaldson, P. (2014). Interpreting the origins of the First World War. Teaching History , 155 (4), 32-33.

Levinson, M. (2014). Ten cautionary GS lessons from World War I. Et Cetera, 71 (1), 41-48.

Mulligan, W. (2010). The origins of the First World War . Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Storey, W. (2009). The First World War . Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

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World War One Essay

Germany was responsible for World War One. To what extent do you agree with this statement? 

Essay by Laura Iafur, 3rd Form

Taking place on 28th July 1914 until 11th November 1918, World War One was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, ending the lives of millions of people. Although no one country deserves more blame than the other countries, many would argue that the country of Serbia, after all, it was a group of Serbian terrorists who killed the hero of the Austrian-Hungarian empire, Franz Ferdinand. This is considered by many, what triggered this war. Others suggest Austria-Hungarian is to blame the most, they wanted war with Serbia even before Franz Ferdinand’s assassination, it seems like the assassination was the opportunity they were waiting for. Some could even say that it was Russia, who was the first to mobilize its troops, creating even more tension in an already unstable Europe. These countries are all guilty for such a violent war, but Germany, being the one that has the blank cheque to Austria-Hungary, is the most responsible of all; without backing up Austria-Hungary, it is improbable that Austria-Hungary would have acted so recklessly.

On 5th July 1914, Germany gave the “blank cheque” of unconditional support to the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, fully aware of the consequences it was probably going to bring. At that moment, Germany had the strongest army, with 2,200,000 soldiers and warships, this guaranteed Austria-Hungary that no matter how drastically they acted, they would receive massive support from Germany. If Germany had not given this back up to Austria-Hungary, they most likely would have done something other than declaring war. Germany knew that Russia would most likely help Serbia, which meant that a local war would escalate into a Global war, but they did it anyway.

Germany also dragged Britain into the war when using the Schlieffen plan. On 2nd August, Germany asked for permission for their army to pass through Belgium, to get to France, but they were refused. Sir Edward Grey proposed to Germany that Britain would stay if Germany did not attack France, but the German generals denied this. On 3rd August, Germany violated international treaties by invading Belgium, a neutral country; knowing that Britain was obligated to help Belgium if an invasion occurred. Therefore, Britain declared war on Germany on 4th August 1914.

The enormous increase in tension between these countries was one of the main reasons for this war to start, there are various factors that led to more tension, many in which Germany was involved. One of these factors was the German and British naval race which did not make Britain happy. (“Britannia rules the waves”), and at the end of 1914, Britain was this race.

The Moroccan crisis, 1906, was another factor. The French wanted to conquer Morocco and Britain agreed to help, but in 1905 Kaiser Wilhelm visited Morocco and promised to protect it against anyone who threatened it. The French and British were furious. Germany had to promise to stay out of Morocco, which didn’t make them happy at all. In 1911, there was a revolution in Morocco, the French sent in an army to control it. Kaiser Wilhelm sent a gunboat to the Moroccan part of Agadir; this angered the French and British. Germany was forced to back down, which made them very angry, it increased their resentment. Kaiser Wilhelm was determined to win the next crisis.  All this evidence shows that Germany, at that point was ashamed. They had lost various crisis issues and since they could not allow themselves another defeat. Germany had decided they needed to prove their power, this being the reason they acted in such a careless manner.

Austria-Hungary also deserves part of the blame; they were the ones who declared war first on Serbia on 28th July, 1914. Before 1914, assassinations of royal figures did not usually result in war. However, Austria-Hungary saw the Sarajevo assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife as an opportunity to conquer and destroy Serbia. The Austrian Chief of Staff General Hotzendoz wanted to attack Serbia long before the assassination.

Austria-Hungary sent an ultimatum to Serbia (23rd  July) with ten very exigent requests that needed to be accepted to avoid military conflict. Serbia accepted all requests apart from one, which was to allow Austria-Hungary to enter Serbia and oversee investigation and prosecution on the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. Nonetheless, this was not enough for Austria-Hungary, so they declared war, and with Germany’s support, it would’ve provided an easy win.

On the other hand, if Austria-Hungary did not make a move against Serbia, the different nationalities living in the Austria-Hungarian territory could act against their leaders giving the impression to other countries that there won’t have been any consequences. Austria-Hungary could have acted in a different manner on the Serbia war, but it was due to Germany who empowered them to act this way.

The assassination of Franz Ferdinand was conducted by a Serbian terrorist named Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, Bosnia, 28th June 1914. This was the spark that caused the war. Gavrilo was a nationalist who wanted Bosnia to be its own country, and when Ferdinand announced his trip to SaraJevo, it was the perfect opportunity to strike against Austria-Hungary. Gavrilo was a member of a terrorist group named, Black Hand. Austria-Hungary suspected the involvement of Serbia in the Bosnian attack, thus representing the final act in a long-standing rivalry between Austria-Hungary and Serbia. Russia did not want a war, the Russian Grand Council decided if Serbia was to be invaded, it would have to request a conference to asses the issue. However, Russia had previous issues with Serbia regarding the Bosnian crisis in 1908.

To conclude, World War One was a chain reaction triggered by the assassination Franz Ferdinand; however, Serbia wasn’t mostly responsible but Germany, who pushed Austria-Hungary in making those decisions leading to the global conflict. The alliance system was created to prevent war, but it did the total opposite, where all the countries were forced to join the war.

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You cannot avoid two things: death and writing if you are a student. Students must create many various assignments in a written form. It is natural that the topics of academic papers may be different: some of them may be funny, others will touch upon serious issues. One of such issues is the First World War, which was one of the biggest conflicts of the last century. All in all, if you have a task to compose an essay devoted to this topic, you should know how to make it interesting for your audience. The best way to brighten up a composition is to use different attention grabbers.

Interesting Methods to Grab Readers’ Attention

So, how to grip the audience from the first lines? Here are several most effective methods to do it quickly.

• Interesting facts. Using interesting facts can help you to make a good beginning of the text. Don’t forget to keep in mind the readers because you must use some details unknown to them, for instance:
• Post-war German bicycles had tires made of… springs. It happened so because there was no rubber in Germany after the war.
• During British-German confrontation, one British soldier spared a wounded German infantryman. Later it turned out that this man was… Adolf Hitler.
• The American transfusiologist, doctor Oswald Robertson, discovered the method of stopping blood coagulation. He used sodium citrate for this purpose. He transfused blood to injured soldiers with the help of a mobile blood transfusion station. Later, in 1917, he opened the first blood establishment on the Western front.
• A surgeon Harold Gillies created the first technique of facial reconstruction to help soldiers remove scars from their faces. So, it can be said that World War I was the engine for development of medical industry in general and plastic surgery in particular.

Did you know about it? If not, you can easily include these things or any other interesting points into your introduction.

• Quotes from literature and songs. It is possible to include different quotes from literary sources, like the next one:
• “Keep the home fires burning” is the line from a patriotic song of the war period. This song was very popular among English troops because it reflected their melancholy about families.

It is possible to provide readers with such quotations to initiate their detailed discussion then.

• John J. Pershing, the commander of the American Expeditionary Force on the Western Front, told that no commander ever derived greater inspiration from the performance of his troops like he did.
• Various means of expressiveness. It is suitable to use different figures of speech, for example, similes, to describe what the war was like: like a graveyard, tornado, outburst of hatred, etc. It will help to make your creation unusual.

If you have troubles with creativity and don’t know how to make your essay concerning the international conflict brighter, you always can hire online writers who are able to describe military operations in a very captivating manner. Custom essay is one the most effective ways to receive A+ for your essay

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Women’s Role in World War 1

How it works

Before WWI women had to stay home to raise the family and do work around the house. The women would cook, clean, do laundry, and take care of the family while they raised their children when the men worked.[Women, wages and rights]

Some women would become a teacher or librarian for the towns though it was not favored for women to work. In fact, there was a huge resistance to hiring women for “men’s work”. Women wore dresses and corsets most of the time.

When men went to war, women showed their support for men at war and would wait for the men to return. Susan B. Anthony played a major role in the women’s suffrage movement before WWI. Susan met Elizabeth Stanton whom also helped form the Women’s Loyal National League and American Equal Rights Association (AERA). The AREA was a campaign for both women and African Americans’ equal rights. A few other groups like the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) and Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA) also started to campaign for women’s suffrage. In 1872 Susan Anthony was arrested for voting. That’s when Susan and Elizabeth both presented to the Congress an amendment giving women the right to vote. Women believed they should be allowed to do the same things as men.

The role of women during WWI was a new beginning to all as it started to change the future for women. When the men were sent to the war they left behind a world of unfilled jobs and a shortage of manpower. Some women were able to help the military but only as nurses and operators. Then as men were fighting the war in trenches, women had to start filling jobs like railway guards, postal workers, emergency services, bank tellers, clerks, and tram conductors. Women also had to work in factories. Women started working in munitions factories. There was such a high demand for weapons that it became the largest single employer of women in 1917 to 1918 (striking wimmin).

Even though employment rates increased, women were paid less than men. This worried many. The men worried because if the men came back from war and the employers were paying lower wages for women, than the employer would continue to keep the women. They thought the men might not have a job to come back to. It could help employers save money if they paid women vs men doing the same job for the same amount of hours. However, women started to refuse being paid lower wages and believed in ‘equal pay for equal work’. Women not only had jobs to fill but were also recruited to play sports. Munitions factories started to developed their own ladies football and baseball teams. This became popular for the time being. The women started to pay for their own drinks. They were able to walk down sidewalks by themselves. Their clothing started to change. Instead of dresses and corsets, they would wear more dingy clothing and trousers.

More women started serving in the military near the men in the trenches. Women that were operators were called “Hello Girls” but it also gave the women a chance to show they were more equal to men than ever before. Women also had the opportunity to vote. The first Lady Astor to take seat in Parliament was in December 1919.[1918 Qualification of Women Act].Today women have shown they can work side by side with men and be just as important as men. Prior to the elections that took place in 2018, 107 women served in the Congress. As of November, it was announced there are more that were voted into congress. There are now many women with different ethnic backgrounds that range from young to old. This election now marks the first youngest women at age 29, the first Native American, and the first two Muslims elected in Congress.

So as you can see over time women have changed from being housewives to becoming just as important as men. Factories lick ammunition factories have wanted to have a sport like football and soccer. There are still some jobs out there that aren’t made for some women but they have shown they are willing to still try. Women also had to pay for food and have less taxes.men were weird because if women got less money then the employers wouldn’t need much less people to work for and have less wages.

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Hooks for Writing an Essay about World War II

Essay writing seems to be a boring business practically to all students. It is important to mention that academic tasks may be devoted to some serious and terrible things like international military conflicts, for example. To create a good text, you should remember about the audience. So, use various hooks to make a composition more readable and exciting . They can be quotes, interesting facts, and even jokes.

Why use hooks, you might wonder? Everything is quite simple, as hooks add expressivity to your main ideas and show to the reader that your text is worth reading. A hook may involve the audience by creating an intrigue, or may arise interest because of an interesting, unknown fact that induces further reading for self-development. In any way, as a fish hook helps the fisherman to get the catch and feed his family, your hooks may work to your benefit in terms of winning you fame and recognition of the readership, or an A grade from the supervisor.

Examples of Hooks to Use

Hooks are used to attract readers’ attention, that is why it is possible to use them at the very beginning. Here are some of them:

• Jokes and anecdotes. Even if you write about such serious thing as World War II, you may use political jokes and anecdotes to take the heat off. For example, the following ones:
• A little German boy is talking with his old grandfather:

– Grampa, what is the largest city in the world?

– Stalingrad! We could not go over it even after 200 days!

• Hitler calls Mussolini:

– Benito, aren’t you in Athens yet?

– Excuse me, what? I can’t hear you, Adolf.

– I said aren’t you in Athens yet?

– I can’t hear you. You must be ringing from a long way off, probably London.

So, if you find it appropriate, you may use them or look for some more such jokes in the Internet.

• Allusions from literature. Using allusions from texts of famous authors may be suitable in this case. For example, Orwell, in the first chapter of “1984”, gave the allusion to London in the years of World War II: “And the bombed sites where the plaster dust swirled in the air….”. Thus, you can analyze other authors and begin your essay with the collection of similar allusions.
• Interesting facts. To make your composition more captivating, you can include different interesting facts in it. The list of facts is given below.
• There was an unusual military man in the USA Navy. He was… William Hitler, a nephew of the Fuhrer.
• The majority of Japanese kamikazes were bolos. Only 1 in 9 of suicide pilots hit their targets.
• Queen Elizabeth II was a mechanic and a driver in the Auxiliary Territorial Service of the British army.
• The number of people killed by Japanese troops in China is bigger than the number of Jews killed in the Holocaust.
• Canada declared war on Japan even faster than the USA did. It happened immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
• The number of Americans killed or wounded while they defended Alaska from Japanese troops is bigger than the number of casualties at Pearl Harbor.
• Nazi soldiers took methamphetamine to increase their alertness and physical power.

Thus, you may use all these things as hooks to make your text concerning this global military conflict more exciting. However, it is strongly recommended to keep the promise given at the beginning of the story, and if your hook is vivid and involving, do not proceed to a boring narrative right afterwards. The impression is still produced with the entire work, not a hook alone, so all work has to be good for you to get the readers’ acclaim. Otherwise, if you don’t have enough time or find it difficult to describe, you can delegate the assignment to professional authors or use the services of custom essay writing teams who know how to create it perfectly.

Kidal Delonix is a contributor to Mr. Hoffman's blog. The views and opinions are entirely his/her own and may not reflect Mr Hoffman's views.

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Home — Essay Samples — War — Effects of War — World War II

World War Ii

• Categories: Effects of War World History

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Published: Jul 17, 2018

Words: 1360 | Pages: 3 | 7 min read

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Beth Linker Is Turning Good Posture on Its Head

A historian and sociologist of science re-examines the “posture panic” of the last century. You’ll want to sit down for this.

By Matt Richtel

For decades, the idea of standing properly upright carried considerable political and social baggage. Slouching was considered a sign of decay.

In the early 20th century, posture exams became mainstays in the military, the workplace and schools, thanks in part to the American Posture League, a group of physicians, educators and health officials that formed in 1914. In 1917, a study found that roughly 80 percent of Harvard’s freshman class had poor posture. Industrialists piled on with posture-enhancing chairs, products and gadgets.

But the actual science doesn’t support the conventional wisdom about proper posture, Beth Linker argues in her new book, “Slouch: Posture Panic in Modern America.” Dr. Linker, a historian and sociologist of science at the University of Pennsylvania, recently sat for an interview with The New York Times; the conversation has been condensed and edited for clarity.

Nice to meet you.

Your posture looks pretty good. And it doesn’t matter — that’s the whole point of my book. It’s fake news.

Our obsession with great posture is fake news? I’m off the hook!

Concern for posture, as a matter of etiquette, has been around since the Enlightenment, if not earlier, but poor posture did not become a scientific and medical obsession until after the publication of Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species” in 1859. He posited that humans evolved through natural selection, and that the first thing to develop was bipedalism; in other words, standing upright preceded brain development.

This idea was controversial because convention taught that higher intellect distinguished humans from nonhuman animals, and now it appeared that only a mere physical difference, located in the spine and feet, separated humankind from the apes.

In other words, bad posture was primitive.

Actually, quite the opposite. Bad posture was assumed to primarily affect “civilized” individuals — people who no longer engaged in physical labor but instead enjoyed the fruits of mechanized transportation, industrialization and leisure.

With the rise of eugenics in the early 20th century, certain scientists began to worry that slouching among “civilized” peoples could lead to degeneration, a backward slide in human progress. Posture correction became part of “race betterment” projects, especially for white Anglo-Saxon men but also for middle-class women and Black people who were trying to gain political rights and equity. Poor posture became stigmatized and defined as a disability. As I show in my book, people with postural “defects” were regularly discriminated against in the American workplace, educational settings and immigration offices. People with disabilities had no legal protection at the time.

Also, this was an era when physicians and public health officials began to focus more on disease prevention to control the spread of infectious contagions like tuberculosis. Good posture was understood to be an effective way to stave off deadly diseases, leading to campaigns that taught Americans how to stand up straight.

When tuberculosis rates declined in the 1940s — partly as a result of the discovery of antibiotics — scientists and physicians began to draw a causal link between poor posture and back pain. President John F. Kennedy, who had chronic back pain and his own posture guru, reinvigorated the President’s Council on Physical Fitness in order to promote uprightness and strength among the nation’s citizens.

For much of the 20th century, posture awareness campaigns were seen as an inexpensive way to improve national health, especially compared to costlier health investments such as improvements in housing, infrastructure and nationalized health insurance coverage. Posture crusaders also tended to hold individuals accountable for their own failing health, rather than looking to structural problems. For example, they would blame a back pain sufferer for having caused the problem, for failing to sit and stand properly, for being a slouch.

And you contend that was unfair.

There was really no proof of causality, then or now.

But the belief gained traction because it legitimized age-old assumptions about the importance of upright posture to human ability. Posture assessments became a quick and efficient way to size up another person’s character, intelligence and health — all in one fairly simple exam.

I’m not a posture denier. I think posture therapy can be a powerful tool when used to alleviate existing back pain. I myself frequent a physical therapist for my own back pain, and I use standing desks, ergonomic chairs and yoga to contribute to my sense of well-being. But these devices and remedies offer much more than a fixed notion of good posture.

What I question is how much posture correction can do for a healthy, pain-free person in terms of preventing future ills and the inevitability of aging. The posture panic created over 100 years ago, and the simplistic message behind it, was good for self-discipline and for business. In a certain respect, manufacturers of ergonomic chairs, back braces, bras and shoes, even today, want to keep the panic alive.

Do we even have a good definition of what is good or bad posture? We don’t. No one can agree on what the standards are. Also, the human body is incredibly dynamic, and each of our anatomies are, to some extent, distinct. To say that there’s, like, some kind of static norm is not in keeping with the reality.

It’s not just standing as erect as possible with your chin tucked back?

Plumb-line verticality is what it’s called; that’s one way to assess posture. You have certain anatomical markers in line with each other. But we’re never static. How long can you really hold a posture that is “good”?

Until we get off this Zoom call and I can relax.

The scientific study of the effectiveness of posture correction has been hindered by a scandal that was covered by The New York Times Magazine in the 1990s. The article reported that for several decades until the 1970s, Ivy League schools took nude pictures of undergraduates to check their posture, and that these pictures still existed in the Smithsonian Archives. My own research has shown that posture photography happened not just at elite universities but at colleges, hospitals and prisons across the country. The practice of taking nude posture pictures largely came to an end in the early 1970s because of concerns about propriety and personal privacy.

After the Times exposé, entire archival holdings containing a century’s worth of posture science data were burned or shredded.

The scandal did not question the presumed benefits of posture correction; rather, it took issue with the conventions of measuring posture. So the health belief that posture is an indicator of future health — that it can be a predictor of back pain and neck pain — remained in place. Not until recently have certain studies shown that you can adopt all kinds of posture, even the occasional slouching, and be just fine.

In sum, you argue that there’s no connection between a person’s posture and morality, and that there may be no connection to long-term health.

In some ways, it’s the phrenology of the 20th century. We use posture to judge character, intelligence and physical ability. Like, if you’re a slouch, that also means that you’re somehow lazy.

It’s shallow and ableist to estimate what another person can or cannot do based on their posture. In terms of long-term health, I think the jury is still out on that.

Matt Richtel is a health and science reporter for The Times, based in Boulder, Colo. More about Matt Richtel