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The Korean War History Lesson for High School

The korean war history lesson for high school presentation, free google slides theme and powerpoint template.

If you let us choose one of the most heartbreaking incidents in Korean history would be the Korean war. Koreans had to fight against their own siblings and neighbors. It was horrific and left a lot of casualties and separated families. If you are a high school teacher, why don’t you prepare a class related to this tragic war between two Koreans? We designed this gradient template with backgrounds of soldier images, which fits perfectly to the topic. It also has various resources like charts, diagrams, a calendar and a graph where you can describe everything about the war.

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By: History.com Editors

Updated: May 11, 2022 | Original: November 9, 2009

The Korean war began on June 25, 1950, when some 75,000 soldiers from the North Korean People’s Army poured across the 38th parallel, the boundary between the Soviet-backed Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to the north and the pro-Western Republic of Korea to the south. This invasion was the first military action of the Cold War. By July, American troops had entered the war on South Korea’s behalf. As far as American officials were concerned, it was a war against the forces of international communism itself. After some early back-and-forth across the 38th parallel, the fighting stalled and casualties mounted with nothing to show for them. Meanwhile, American officials worked anxiously to fashion some sort of armistice with the North Koreans. The alternative, they feared, would be a wider war with Russia and China–or even, as some warned, World War III. Finally, in July 1953, the Korean War came to an end. In all, some 5 million soldiers and civilians lost their lives in what many in the U.S. refer to as “the Forgotten War” for the lack of attention it received compared to more well-known conflicts like World War I and II and the Vietnam War. The Korean peninsula remains divided today.

North vs. South Korea

“If the best minds in the world had set out to find us the worst possible location in the world to fight this damnable war,” U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson (1893-1971) once said, “the unanimous choice would have been Korea.” The peninsula had landed in America’s lap almost by accident. Since the beginning of the 20th century, Korea had been a part of the Japanese empire , and after World War II it fell to the Americans and the Soviets to decide what should be done with their enemy’s imperial possessions. In August 1945, two young aides at the State Department divided the Korean peninsula in half along the 38th parallel . The Russians occupied the area north of the line and the United States occupied the area to its south.

Did you know? Unlike World War II and Vietnam, the Korean War did not get much media attention in the United States. The most famous representation of the war in popular culture is the television series “M*A*S*H,” which was set in a field hospital in South Korea. The series ran from 1972 until 1983, and its final episode was the most-watched in television history.

By the end of the decade, two new states had formed on the peninsula. In the south, the anti-communist dictator Syngman Rhee (1875-1965) enjoyed the reluctant support of the American government; in the north, the communist dictator Kim Il Sung (1912-1994) enjoyed the slightly more enthusiastic support of the Soviets. Neither dictator was content to remain on his side of the 38th parallel, however, and border skirmishes were common. Nearly 10,000 North and South Korean soldiers were killed in battle before the war even began.

The Korean War and the Cold War

Even so, the North Korean invasion came as an alarming surprise to American officials. As far as they were concerned, this was not simply a border dispute between two unstable dictatorships on the other side of the globe. Instead, many feared it was the first step in a communist campaign to take over the world. For this reason, nonintervention was not considered an option by many top decision makers. (In fact, in April 1950, a National Security Council report known as NSC-68 had recommended that the United States use military force to “contain” communist expansionism anywhere it seemed to be occurring, “regardless of the intrinsic strategic or economic value of the lands in question.”)

“If we let Korea down,” President Harry Truman (1884-1972) said, “the Soviet[s] will keep right on going and swallow up one [place] after another.” The fight on the Korean peninsula was a symbol of the global struggle between east and west, good and evil, in the Cold War. As the North Korean army pushed into Seoul, the South Korean capital, the United States readied its troops for a war against communism itself.

At first, the war was a defensive one to get the communists out of South Korea, and it went badly for the Allies. The North Korean army was well-disciplined, well-trained and well-equipped; Rhee’s forces in the South Korean army, by contrast, were frightened, confused and seemed inclined to flee the battlefield at any provocation. Also, it was one of the hottest and driest summers on record, and desperately thirsty American soldiers were often forced to drink water from rice paddies that had been fertilized with human waste. As a result, dangerous intestinal diseases and other illnesses were a constant threat.

By the end of the summer, President Truman and General Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964), the commander in charge of the Asian theater, had decided on a new set of war aims. Now, for the Allies, the Korean War was an offensive one: It was a war to “liberate” the North from the communists.

Initially, this new strategy was a success. The Inch’on Landing , an amphibious assault at Inch’on, pushed the North Koreans out of Seoul and back to their side of the 38th parallel. But as American troops crossed the boundary and headed north toward the Yalu River, the border between North Korea and Communist China, the Chinese started to worry about protecting themselves from what they called “armed aggression against Chinese territory.” Chinese leader Mao Zedong (1893-1976) sent troops to North Korea and warned the United States to keep away from the Yalu boundary unless it wanted full-scale war.

'No Substitute for Victory'

This was something that President Truman and his advisers decidedly did not want: They were sure that such a war would lead to Soviet aggression in Europe, the deployment of atomic weapons and millions of senseless deaths. To General MacArthur, however, anything short of this wider war represented “appeasement,” an unacceptable knuckling under to the communists.

As President Truman looked for a way to prevent war with the Chinese, MacArthur did all he could to provoke it. Finally, in March 1951, he sent a letter to Joseph Martin, a House Republican leader who shared MacArthur’s support for declaring all-out war on China–and who could be counted upon to leak the letter to the press. “There is,” MacArthur wrote, “no substitute for victory” against international communism.

For Truman, this letter was the last straw. On April 11, the president fired the general for insubordination.

The Korean War Reaches a Stalemate

In July 1951, President Truman and his new military commanders started peace talks at Panmunjom. Still, the fighting continued along the 38th parallel as negotiations stalled. Both sides were willing to accept a ceasefire that maintained the 38th parallel boundary, but they could not agree on whether prisoners of war should be forcibly “repatriated.” (The Chinese and the North Koreans said yes; the United States said no.) 

Finally, after more than two years of negotiations, the adversaries signed an armistice on July 27, 1953. The agreement allowed the POWs to stay where they liked; drew a new boundary near the 38th parallel that gave South Korea an extra 1,500 square miles of territory; and created a 2-mile-wide “demilitarized zone” that still exists today.

Korean War Casualties 

The Korean War was relatively short but exceptionally bloody. Nearly 5 million people died. More than half of these–about 10 percent of Korea’s prewar population–were civilians. (This rate of civilian casualties was higher than World War II’s and the Vietnam War’s .) Almost 40,000 Americans died in action in Korea, and more than 100,000 were wounded. Today, they are remembered at the Korean War Veterans Memorial near the Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., a series of 19 steel statues of servicemen, and the Korean War memorial in Fullerton, California , the first on the West Coast to include the names of the more than 30,000 Americans who died in the war.

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Topic 8 - Postwar America (1945-1960)

Lesson 2 - The Korean War

U.S. History

Learning Objectives

• Explain how Mao Zedong and the communists gained power in China.�
• Describe the causes and the reasons for U.S. involvement in the Korean War.�
• Identify the long-term effects and outcomes of the Korean War.��
• Jiang Jieshi
• 38th parallel
• Douglas MacArthur
• limited war
• Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)��

Focus of the Cold War

• Europe had been the first focus of the Cold War.
• However, in the early 1950s, U.S. involvement in the Korean War made East Asia the prime battleground in the long Cold War struggle.
• The division between North and South Korea remains a source of international tension today:
• North Korea fortifies part of border where defector escaped
• SOUTH KOREA BLASTS NORTH KOREA DEFECTOR NEWS ACROSS THE BORDER WITH LOUDSPEAKERS
• North Korean defector ‘nice guy,’ recovering from wounds, surgeon says

China Turns Communist

• Since the time of the Russian Revolution in 1917, the Soviets had hoped to spread communism to every corner of the world, training foreigners in Marxist theory and revolutionary strategy.
• The Soviets were confident that communism would reach worldwide influence.
• In 1949, events in China seemed to justify their confidence.

Chinese Civil War

• 1937, Nationalist leader Jiang Jieshi , known in the United States as Chiang Kai-shek, had been fighting a civil war against communists led by Mao Zedong .
• Although Jiang and Mao temporarily joined forces during World War II to fight Japan, the civil war resumed after World War II ended. ��

Choosing Sides

• The Soviet Union supported Mao, while the United States sent several billion dollars in aid to Jiang.
• American leaders feared that Jiang’s defeat would create a communist superpower spanning most of Asia.

Mao Increases His Support

• Jiang’s regime proved unequal to the task.
• Nationalist generals were reluctant to fight.
• And, while masses of Chinese people faced starvation, corrupt officials diverted U.S. aid dollars into their own pockets.
• By promising to feed the people, Mao won increased support.
• ** 20-60 million Chinese will starve under Mao during China’s “Great Leap Forward.”
• A Grim Chronicle Of China's Great Famine

China Falls to Communism

• In 1948, Mao’s forces dominated the war.
• Jiang appealed for American military intervention.
• However, the U.S. government had no intention of sending American troops to support the corrupt Jiang.
• In 1949, Jiang fled the Chinese mainland, taking control of the large offshore island of Taiwan.
• Mao’s communists then took control of the world’s most populous country, renaming it the People’s Republic of China.

Mao’s Victory

• Mao’s victory was a shock to Americans.
• Not only was China under the control of sworn enemies of the United States, but communist regimes now controlled about one fourth of the world’s landmass and one third of its population.

Still ashamed of my part in Mao's Cultural Revolution

Chinese Cultural Revolution: the boy who denounced his mother

**replace video

Unchangeable Result

• Many critics blamed the Truman administration, saying that the United States had failed to give enough support to Jiang.
• However, Secretary of State Dean Acheson argued: �� The unfortunate but inescapable fact is that the ominous result of the civil war in China was beyond the control of the government of the United States. Nothing that this country did or could have done within the reasonable limits of its capabilities could have changed the result.� —Secretary of State Dean Acheson, August 1949

A Divided Peninsula

• The focus of attention turned to the peninsula of Korea.
• Once controlled by Japan, Korea had been divided into two independent countries by the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II.
• The dividing line was set at the 38th parallel .
• The Soviets installed a communist government and equipped the armed forces in North Korea.
• The United States provided smaller amounts of aid to non-communist South Korea.

This map shows the Korean peninsula as war began. Which countries border North Korea?

Video Breakdown :

1st Half - Korean War

2nd Half - Vietnam War

Post WWII Troop Withdrawal

• American occupation troops remained in South Korea until June 1949.
• Their departure coincided with the communist victory in China.
• Soon after, North Korea began a major military buildup.

North Korea Invaded South Korea

• On June 25, 1950, North Korean forces attacked across the 38th parallel.
• The 90,000 North Korean troops were armed with powerful tanks and other Soviet weapons.
• Within days, the northerners overtook the South Korean capital city of Seoul and set out in pursuit of the retreating South Korean army.

Decision to Aid South Korea

• President Truman remembered how the policy of appeasement had failed to check the German aggression that sparked World War II.
• This knowledge, coupled with the U.S. policy of containment, caused Truman to announce that the United States would aid South Korea.

The United Nations Supports Truman

• Within days, the UN Security Council unanimously voted to follow Truman’s lead.
• They recommended that “the Members of the United Nations furnish such assistance to the Republic of Korea as may be necessary to repel the armed attack and to restore international peace and security in the area.”

Soviet Dissent

• Undoubtedly, the Soviet Union would have used its veto power to block the UN resolution if it had been present for the vote.
• However, it had been boycotting Security Council sessions because the UN had refused to seat Mao’s People’s Republic of China.

Truman didn’t ask for a Declaration of War

• Truman did not ask Congress for a formal declaration of war, as required by the Constitution.
• However, supported by the UN resolution, Truman ordered American troops who were stationed in Japan to move to South Korea.

Unprepared for Battle

• The soldiers were mainly occupation troops who had not been trained for forced marches in monsoon rains or heavy combat in rice paddies, nor did they have the military equipment needed to stop the invasion.
• Soon, they joined their South Korean allies in retreating to the southeast corner of the peninsula near the city of Pusan.

The Allies Hold On

• There, the allies held strong.
• As fresh supplies and troops arrived from Japan, soldiers from other UN countries joined the American and South Korean forces.

The Korean War

A Counterattack is Planned

• By September 1950, the UN forces were ready to counterattack.
• General Douglas MacArthur , the World War II hero, had a bold plan to drive the invaders from South Korea.
• He suspected that the rapid advance of North Korean troops had left North Korea with limited supply lines.

MacArthur’s Gutsy Plan

• He decided to strike at this weakness by launching a surprise attack on the port city of Inchon, well behind enemy lines.
• Because Inchon was such a poor landing site, with swift currents and treacherous tides, MacArthur knew that the enemy would not expect an attack there.

The U.S. plans their next move

• With the retreat of North Korean forces, U.S. officials had to decide what to do next.
• Should they declare their UN mandate accomplished and end the war?
• Or should they send their forces north of the 38th parallel and punish the communists for the invasion?

A Decision is Made

• Truman was concerned about the action China would take if the United States carried the war into North Korea.
• Chinese leaders publicly warned the Americans not to advance near its borders.
• MacArthur did not take this warning seriously.
• He assured Truman that China would not intervene in the war.
• Based on this advice, the United States pushed a resolution through the UN, calling for a “unified, independent, and democratic” Korea.

MacArthur attacked north of the 38th parallel

• Despite mountainous terrain and freezing temperatures, by Thanksgiving the Allied advance had reached the Chinese border at the Yalu River.
• Then, on November 25, 1950, around 300,000 Chinese soldiers attacked the South Korean and U.S. positions.
• Badly outnumbered, the UN troops were forced back.

** The initial North Korean attack on June 25 included 90,000 soldiers.

Truman and MacArthur Disagree (1/2)

• With China now involved, the United States was confronted with a major land war in Asia.
• It was possible that this war could not be won without huge commitments of troops and even atomic weapons.
• Truman steadfastly ruled out both of these options.
• MacArthur, who favored an invasion of China, disagreed.
• He distrusted Truman’s policy of a limited war fought to achieve only specific goals.
• As a soldier, MacArthur favored total victory.

Truman and MacArthur Disagree (2/2)

• Unable to sway Truman, the general sent a letter to the House Republican leader attacking the President’s policies.
• After the letter became public, Truman fired MacArthur for insubordination.
• There was a huge outcry in the United States, and MacArthur returned home a national hero.

Outcome of the Korean War

• By the spring of 1951, Allied forces had regrouped and stabilized their position near the 38th parallel.
• The stalemate lasted until 1953.
• During that time, the two sides fought small, bloody battles with limited results.
• At the same time, diplomats tried to come up with an acceptable peace agreement.

Korean War Stalemate

• The stalemate was a key issue in the presidential election of 1952.
• Republican candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower promised that if elected he would end the war.
• Upon his election, he visited Korea, spoke with the troops, and studied the enemy’s fortifications.
• Presidential Campaign Ads

Ending the Stalemate and the War

• Eisenhower became president in January 1953.
• The former general was convinced that only strong action would break the stalemate.
• When peace talks threatened to fail, he hinted that he might introduce nuclear weapons into the conflict.
• That warning, along with the death of Joseph Stalin (March 5, 1953), convinced the communists to settle the conflict.
• On July 27, 1953, after slightly more than three years of fighting, the two sides signed a ceasefire.
• That ceasefire is still in effect today.

Long-Term Outcomes of the Korean War (1/4)

• There was no complete victory in the Korean War.
• North Korea remained a communist country allied to China and the Soviet Union, and South Korea stayed a non-communist country allied to the United States and the other major democracies.
• The two Koreas still remain divided at about the 38th parallel (DMZ).
• South Korea, however was able to resist the threat of communism and is a modern, prosperous country today.

Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)

• The Korean Demilitarized Zone is a strip of land running across the Korean Peninsula.
• It was established at the end of the Korean War to serve as a buffer zone between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea.

North Korean Defector Shot

Long-Term Outcomes of the Korean War (2/4)

• The war had important long-term outcomes.
• Truman had committed U.S. troops to battle without a congressional declaration of war.
• This set a precedent that future Presidents would follow.
• The Korean War also seemed to support the growing belief among policymakers that the fall of one nation to communism could have a ripple effect throughout the region (domino effect).

Long-Term Outcomes of the Korean War (3/4)

• The Korean War also led to increased military spending.
• By 1960, military spending accounted for nearly half of the federal budget.
• More than a million U.S. soldiers were stationed around the world.

Long-Term Outcomes of the Korean War (4/4)

• A new alliance underscored U.S. interest in Asia.
• Like NATO, the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was a defensive alliance aimed at preventing the spread of communism.
• Its members included Pakistan, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, France, Britain, and the United States.
• What was MacArthur’s strategy which resulted in the North Korean Army being quickly pushed North of the 38th parallel in September/October of 1950?

Geography Chapter About North/South Korea

Present Day: North Korea in the News

• North Korea 'continues to invest' in Nazi-style prison camps
• Second North Korea missile launch in a week fails, US and South Korea say
• The UN Plans to Hit North Korea With Harsh New Sanctions
• US says it detected failed North Korean missile launch
• U.S. on alert for new nuclear or missile test by North Korea
• Defectors use satellite images to identify North Korean mass graves
• Kim Jong-un signs book of condolences as North Korea enters three days of mourning for 'close friend' Fidel Castro ��

North Korea in the News

• Nine charts which tell you all you need to know about North Korea
• A photographer captured pictures of North Korean life on his phone
• Life in North Korea: Food rations, power failures and no free speech
• SOUTH KOREA'S NEW 'FRANKENMISSILE' WOULD TAKE OUT NORTH KOREA'S KIM JONG UN AND HIS NUCLEAR WEAPONS
• From North Korea to New York
• Kim Jong Un's love of sport could be making of Games
• Airport video shows North Korean embassy official with Kim Jong Nam murder suspects
• Soldier shot by North Korean guards while defecting to the South

South Korea in the News

• Photos show the shocking differences between life in North and South Korea
• U.S., South Korea and Japan carry out anti-missile drill
• South Korean Olympic organizers downplay concern over N. Korea
• Before Abandoning Nuke Reactors, South Korea Will Build Two of Them

PBS - FRONTLINE�Secret State of North Korea

FRONTLINE shines a light on the hidden world of the North Korean people, drawing on undercover footage from inside the country as well as interviews with defectors who are trying to chisel away at the regime’s influence.

Ms. Thoman US History II

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Commemorating the Korean War

The Defense Department marks the 70th anniversary of the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement, which ended three years of fighting on the Korean Peninsula, and joins the nation and world in honoring those who served, fought and died during the Korean War.

War's End: 70 Years Ago

On June 25, 1950, North Korean forces crossed the 38th parallel and attacked South Korea. Three days later, North Korean forces captured South Korea’s capital, Seoul.

Diplomatic Wrangling Leads to Armistice

The Korean Armistice Agreement, signed on July 27, 1953, was the culmination of many months of bickering between officials from the United States, North Korea, South Korea, China, the former Soviet Union and United Nations forces.

U.S.-South Korea's 70-Year Alliance

Three words are often used to succinctly describe the tight bond between the U.S. and South Korea: We go together.

Statement by Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III on the 70th National Korean War Veterans Armistice Day

Secretary of defense lloyd j. austin iii welcomes south korea president yoon suk yeol to the pentagon, secretary of defense lloyd j. austin iii and south korean minister of national defense lee jong-sup visit korean war memorial, tour u.s. bomber aircraft, library of congress: korean war veterans stories , korean war pow/mia accounting .

Spotlight: Honoring Our Veterans

Experience: Korean War Memorial

Quiz: 38th Parallel Perspective

Freedom is not free

Take a look inside the Korean War Veterans Memorial

By The Numbers

Watch: Videos

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Ralph Puckett Jr., awarded Medal of Honor for heroism during the Korean War, dies at 97

FILE - President Joe Biden presents the Medal of Honor to retired U.S. Army Col. Ralph Puckett, in the East Room of the White House, Friday, May 21, 2021, in Washington. Puckett, a retired Army colonel awarded the Medal of Honor seven decades after he was wounded leading a company of outnumbered Army Rangers in battle during the Korean War, died peacefully Monday, April 8, 2024, at his home in Columbus, Ga., according to the Striffler-Hamby Mortuary, which is handling funeral arrangements. He was 97. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon, File)

FILE - Retired U.S. Army Col. Ralph Puckett listens to President Joe Biden speak during a Medal of Honor ceremony in the East Room of the White House, Friday, May 21, 2021, in Washington. Puckett, a retired Army colonel awarded the Medal of Honor seven decades after he was wounded leading a company of outnumbered Army Rangers in battle during the Korean War, died peacefully Monday, April 8, 2024, at his home in Columbus, Ga., according to the Striffler-Hamby Mortuary, which is handling funeral arrangements. He was 97. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon, File)

• Copy Link copied

Ralph Puckett Jr., a retired Army colonel awarded the Medal of Honor seven decades after he was wounded leading a company of outnumbered Army Rangers in battle during the Korean War, has died at age 97.

Puckett died peacefully Monday at his home in Columbus, Georgia, according to the Striffler-Hamby Mortuary, which is handling funeral arrangements.

President Joe Biden lauded Puckett for his “extraordinary heroism and selflessness above and beyond the call of duty” while presenting the retired colonel with the nation’s highest military honor at the White House in 2021. Biden noted the award was “more than 70 years overdue.”

“He’s always believed that all that mattered to be a Ranger was if you had the guts and the brains,” Biden said.

Puckett was a newly commissioned Army officer when he volunteered for the 8th Army Ranger Company that was formed soon after the Korean War began in 1950. Despite his inexperience, Puckett ended up being chosen as the unit’s commander. He had less than six weeks to train his soldiers before they joined the fight.

“I said to myself: ‘Dear God, please don’t let me get a bunch of good guys killed,’” Puckett told the Ledger-Enquirer of Columbus in a 2014 interview.

Over two days in November 1950, Puckett led his roughly 50 Rangers in securing a strategically important hill near Unsan. Puckett sprinted across the open area to draw fire so that Rangers could find and destroy enemy machine-gunners. Though badly outnumbered, Puckett’s troops repelled multiple counterattacks from a Chinese battalion of an estimated 500 soldiers before being overrun.

Puckett suffered serious wounds to his feet, backside and left arm after two mortar rounds landed in his foxhole. He ordered his men to leave him behind, but they refused.

Puckett was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, the second-highest U.S. military honor, in 1951. It was upgraded to the Medal of Honor decades later following a policy change that lifted a requirement that such awards be made within five years of valorous acts.

During the White House medal presentation, Biden said that Puckett’s first reaction to receiving the honor had been: “Why all the fuss? Can’t they just mail it to me?”

Despite his injuries in Korea, Puckett refused a medical discharge from the Army and spent another 20 years in uniform before retiring in 1971. He was awarded a second Distinguished Service Cross in 1967 for dashing through a hail of shrapnel to rescue two wounded soldiers in Vietnam, where Puckett led an airborne infantry battalion.

Puckett’s military honors also included two Silver Stars, three Legions of Merit, two Bronze Stars and five Purple Hearts.

“He feared no man, he feared no situation and he feared no enemy,” retired Gen. Jay Hendrick, who served as the top general of U.S. Army Forces Command from 1999 to 2001, said in the Army’s online biography of Puckett.

Born in Tifton, Georgia, on Dec. 8, 1926, Puckett graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point and received his commission as an infantry officer in 1949.

After retiring from the Army, Puckett served as national programs coordinator of Outward Bound, Inc., and later started a leadership and teamwork development program called Discovery, Inc. He remained an active supporter of the 75th Ranger Regiment stationed at Fort Moore near his Columbus home.

Puckett told the Columbus newspaper he learned one of his most important life lessons on his first day at West Point, when a senior cadet told him that one of the few acceptable answers he could give to any question would be: “No excuse, sir.”

“It was ingrained on my thinking that I have no excuse at any time I do not meet the standards that I’m supposed to meet,” Puckett said.

Bynum reported from Savannah, Georgia.

Watch CBS News

Ralph Puckett Jr., army colonel awarded Medal of Honor for heroism during Korean War, dies at 97

Updated on: April 10, 2024 / 5:46 PM EDT / CBS/AP

Ralph Puckett Jr., a retired Army colonel awarded the Medal of Honor seven decades after he was wounded leading a company of outnumbered Army Rangers in battle during the Korean War, has died at age 97.

Puckett died peacefully Monday at his home in Columbus, Georgia, according to the Striffler-Hamby Mortuary, which is handling funeral arrangements.

President Biden in May 2021 awarded the first  Medal of Honor  of his presidency to Puckett for his "conspicuous gallantry" during the war. Mr. Biden presented the medal, which is the nation's highest military honor, alongside then South Korean President Moon Jae-in.

"President Moon, it's a real honor to have you here participating in this ceremony today," Mr. Biden said at the ceremony. "The strength of the alliance between the United States and the Republic of Korea was born out of the courage, determination and sacrifice of the Korean troops fighting shoulder to shoulder with American troops. And having you here today is an important recognition of all that our nation has achieved together, both of them, in the decades since."

Mr. Biden called Puckett's honor "70 years overdue" and said he was "incredibly proud" to give Puckett the full recognition he deserves. 

He also recounted the story of Puckett's heroism.  

"He's always believed that all that mattered to be a Ranger was if you had the guts and the brains," Mr. Biden said.

Puckett, a first lieutenant during the war, received the Medal of Honor for "acts of gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty, while serving as Commander, 8th U.S. Army Ranger Company during the period of November 25, and 26, 1950, in Korea," the White House said in a statement at the time.

In a daylight attack on an enemy hill, Puckett "intentionally ran across an open area three times to draw enemy fire," allowing the Army Rangers to locate and destroy the enemy positions and seize the hill, the White House said.

Puckett was a newly commissioned Army officer when he volunteered for the 8th Army Ranger Company that was formed soon after the Korean War began in 1950. Despite his inexperience, Puckett ended up being chosen as the unit's commander. He had less than six weeks to train his soldiers before they joined the fight.

"I said to myself: 'Dear God, please don't let me get a bunch of good guys killed,'" Puckett told the Ledger-Enquirer of Columbus in a 2014 interview.

Over two days in November 1950, Puckett led his roughly 50 Rangers in securing a strategically important hill near Unsan. Puckett sprinted across the open area to draw fire so that Rangers could find and destroy enemy machine-gunners. Though badly outnumbered, Puckett's troops repelled multiple counterattacks from a Chinese battalion of an estimated 500 soldiers before being overrun.

Puckett suffered serious wounds to his feet, backside and left arm after two mortar rounds landed in his foxhole. He ordered his men to leave him behind, but they refused.

Puckett was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, the second-highest U.S. military honor, in 1951. It was upgraded to the Medal of Honor decades later following a policy change that lifted a requirement that such awards be made within five years of valorous acts.

During the White House medal presentation, Biden said that Puckett's first reaction to receiving the honor had been: "Why all the fuss? Can't they just mail it to me?"

Despite his injuries in Korea, Puckett refused a medical discharge from the Army and spent another 20 years in uniform before retiring in 1971. He was awarded a second Distinguished Service Cross in 1967 for dashing through a hail of shrapnel to rescue two wounded soldiers in Vietnam, where Puckett led an airborne infantry battalion.

Puckett's military honors also included two Silver Stars, three Legions of Merit, two Bronze Stars and five Purple Hearts.

"He feared no man, he feared no situation and he feared no enemy," retired Gen. Jay Hendrick, who served as the top general of U.S. Army Forces Command from 1999 to 2001, said in the Army's online biography of Puckett.

Born in Tifton, Georgia, on Dec. 8, 1926, Puckett graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point and received his commission as an infantry officer in 1949.

After retiring from the Army, Puckett served as national programs coordinator of Outward Bound, Inc., and later started a leadership and teamwork development program called Discovery, Inc. He remained an active supporter of the 75th Ranger Regiment stationed at Fort Moore near his Columbus home.

Puckett told the Columbus newspaper he learned one of his most important life lessons on his first day at West Point, when a senior cadet told him that one of the few acceptable answers he could give to any question would be: "No excuse, sir."

"It was ingrained on my thinking that I have no excuse at any time I do not meet the standards that I'm supposed to meet," Puckett said.

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Kent State to remember May 4, 1970 shooting with candlelight vigil, commemoration

• Published: Apr. 17, 2024, 2:52 p.m.

Kent State University will commemorate the May 4, 1970 shooting with a series of discussions, a candlelight walk and vigil and a commemoration event. John Kuntz, cleveland.com

• Megan Becka, special to cleveland.com

KENT, Ohio – Kent State University will host a commemoration event, discussions and a candlelight vigil to remember those who were killed and injured when the Ohio National Guard fired on students during an anti-war protest on campus on May 4, 1970.

The commemoration remembers those killed -- Allison Krause, Jeffrey Miller, Sandra Scheuer and William Schroeder -- and those wounded -- Alan Canfora, John Cleary, Thomas Grace, Dean Kahler, Joseph Lewis, Donald Mackenzie, James Russell, Robert Stamps and Douglas Wrentmore.

“The Power of Our Voices” theme will again inspire this year’s May 4 commemoration events.

Scheduled events include:

Thursday, May 2

Civic Engagement for Peaceful Change: May 4th, Social Justice and Nonviolent Action conference : Open to K-12 educators, students and Kent State University faculty and staff, the conference will enable attendees to share knowledge about the history of student activism and organizing at Kent State, including the significance of May 4, 1970. The conference will be held at the Kent Student Center, located at 1075 Risman Dr. Register online .

Friday, May 3

Jerry M. Lewis May 4 Lecture Series : The university will host the Jerry M. Lewis May 4 Lecture Series on May 3 at 11:30 a.m. in the Kent Student Center Ballroom. Geography Professor Chris Post will share his presentation, “Developing and Interpreting the Wounded Student Markers at Kent State.” The event is free and open to the public, but tickets are required. The Kent Student Center Ballroom is located at 1075 Risman Dr.

Voices of Democracy presentation : Author and journalist Lawrence Roberts will discuss his book “Mayday 1971: A White House at War, a Revolt on the Streets, and the Untold History of America’s Biggest Mass Arrest” at 3 p.m. in the Kent State Student Center Ballroom. Roberts’ book details the events of Mayday 1971, when a Vietnam War protest in Washington, D.C., led to the largest mass arrest in U.S. history. Roberts will host a Q&A session after his presentation. The event is free and open to the public, but tickets are required.

The Power of Our Voices: Remembering the Gwangju Uprising panel discussion : The School of Peace and Conflict Studies faculty and a delegation of faculty from Chonnam National University will hold a panel discussion about the 1980 Gwangju Uprising at 5 p.m. in the Kent Student Center Ballroom. The uprising, also known as the May 18 Democratic Uprising, was led by Chonnam National University students protesting martial law. Citizens joined the uprising after clashes with the South Korean military–seizing government buildings and arming themselves. The government reported 165 deaths, but it is estimated that the actual death toll ranged from 600 to more than 2,000 people. The event is free and open to the public, but tickets are required. A light meal will be provided.

Musical performance : Harvest, The Ultimate Neil Young Tribute, will perform at 7:30 p.m. on the Kent Stage, located at 175 E. Main St.

Candlelight walk and vigil : The annual candlelight walk and vigil is scheduled for 11 p.m. The walk has been held each year since 1971.

Saturday, May 4

Commemoration : Kent State students, faculty, staff and visitors are invited to gather on the May 4 site at the Kent State Commons at noon to remember the moment that the Ohio National Guard fired on students 54 years ago. The commemoration will include a performance by the Kent Chorale, remarks from university students and administrators, the ringing of the Victory Bell and a moment of silence at 12:24 p.m. In the event of rain, the commemoration will be held in the Kent Student Center Ballroom.

Want more Akron news? Sign up for cleveland.com’s Rubber City Update , an email newsletter delivered at 5:30 a.m. Wednesdays.

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US, South Korea conduct massive air force drills

Ben mcgrath 15 april 2024.

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The US and South Korea on Friday began annual air force drills, the largest of their kind on the Korean Peninsula. While both governments maintain that this and other military exercises are directed at the supposed North Korean “threat,” the drills are aimed at preparing the two militaries for a US-led war against China.

Dubbed Korea Flying Training (KFT), the drills involve approximately 25 different types of warplanes and around 100 aircraft in total. These include US F-35B and South Korean F-35A stealth fighter jets, unmanned MQ-9 Reaper Predator drones, refueling tankers, and transport planes. The exercises will run from April 12 to 26. Personnel from the US Army and Marine Corps are also taking part in the war games.

The US’s Seventh Air Force Director of Operations and Plans Colonel Charles G. Cameron stated, “This exercise provides the most realistic opportunity for our forces to rehearse tactics through difficult training scenarios while learning from each other to strengthen our defensive posture in the region.” He added, “Our ability to train together at this scope enhances interoperability and enables our forces to be ready for any potential situations.” The Seventh Air Force is based in South Korea.

Without directly naming China, Cameron’s comments demonstrate that these drills are part of broader war planning throughout the Indo-Pacific. The exercises are taking place out of the US Kunsan Air Base in the city of Gunsan, 178 kilometers south of Seoul. Any war with China would immediately put these South Korean bases on the front lines. The Kunsan base is just 950 kilometers from Beijing and 198 kilometers from the North Korean border. In addition, the headquarters of Russia’s Pacific Fleet near Vladivostok and the nuclear facilities of both China and Russia are in easy range.

The focus on “interoperability” is also not simply a matter of joint operations. In the event of war, the US takes operational control of South Korea’s massive military. At present, there are approximately 28,500 US troops station in South Korea, which also fields its own huge, heavily-armed military of around 500,000 active troops.

The KFT drills are one of two large-scale aerial war games that take place annually between the US and South Korea. However, there are many other exercises that not only routinely take place, but are expanding as US-instigated conflicts unfold around the world. Just last month, the US and South Korea conducted one of their largest overall drills, the Freedom Shield exercises, involving tens of thousands of troops. It also involved the participation of 11 other countries including the United Kingdom and the Philippines.

Last Thursday in Washington, officials from the US Defense Department and the South Korean Defense Ministry held their 24th Korea-US Integrated Defense Dialogue in which they agreed to hold a tabletop exercise on nuclear weapon planning concurrently for the first time with the upcoming Ulchi Freedom Shield war games in August.

The decision is part of the growing nuclear weapon cooperation between the US and South Korea. At their summit last year, Presidents Joe Biden and Yoon Suk-yeol agreed to establish the Nuclear Consultative Group to give Seoul a larger role in how US nuclear weapons are used.

According to a joint press statement, during the talks last week, the two sides also “stressed the importance of trilateral cooperation with Japan” and “of preserving peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait.” While trying to paint Beijing as the aggressor in the region. Washington is actively working to strengthen alliances throughout the region as it goads China into a war over Taiwan by undermining the One China policy. As a result, Seoul and Tokyo have increased military cooperation over the past year.

Last week, trilateral drills between the US, South Korea, and Japan also took place in the East China Sea, south of Jeju Island at the end of the Korean Peninsula. The exercises involved six warships, including the US aircraft carrier Theodore Roosevelt. It is one of two carrier strike groups currently in the region, with the USS Ronald Reagan operating out of its base in Yokosuka, Japan.

US imperialism’s accelerating preparations for war with China take place as it ramps up the US-NATO war with Russia in Ukraine and backs Israel to the hilt as its genocidal war in Gaza inflames tensions throughout the Middle East. That region is on the brink of a far wider war after Iran retaliated against Israel over the Israeli attack on the Iranian embassy in Syria on April 1.

The Theodore Roosevelt strike group is continuing its operations in the East China Sea, provocatively near the Chinese mainland. If China were to hold such naval maneuvers anywhere near the US coastline, the response from the US political and media establishment would an eruption of self-righteous indignation and warmongering.

The US is again deliberating raising tensions with China with the upcoming Balikatan war games beginning on April 22 between the US and the Philippines around the Batanes Islands in the Bashi Channel. The channel is a strategic sea lane between the Philippines and Taiwan connecting the South China Sea with wider Pacific Ocean used by the Chinese navy. South Korea, Japan, and 12 other countries are set to participate as observers.

The US has supplied Taiwan with large amounts of military aid, including direct foreign military funding for the first time last August. This is something typically only provided to sovereign nations and is another challenge to the One China policy. In its recent $US825 billion war budget, Washington also earmarked $US300 million in direct military funding for Taiwan.

Beijing has made repeatedly clear that Taiwan is a redline: if Taipei were to declare or Washington were to recognize Taiwanese independence, it would lead to war. A part of China prior to being carved up by the imperialist powers in the 19th century, Beijing is conscious that allowing Taiwan to be split off from China would set a precedent for a new imperialist division of the country and allow the US to turn Taiwan into a military base just off the Chinese mainland.

This is the war that South Korea and Japan have signed up for behind the backs of their respective populations as they continue to claim that their various military drills are purely “defensive” and supposedly aimed at deterring North Korea.

• The US-Japanese summit: A major step towards war with China 11 April 2024
• US, South Korea conduct huge war games on Korean Peninsula 12 March 2024
• South Korea major supplier of shells to Ukraine 10 December 2023

Korean War and Vietnam War

Mar 16, 2019

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Korean War and Vietnam War. By the Omniscient Strivers. North vs South. Korean War. Key Issues Faced by the Superpowers That Led to the Korean War (Involvement). August 15, 1945 - Korea divided into US and Soviet occupation zones along 38th parallel.

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Korean War and Vietnam War By the Omniscient Strivers North vs South

Key Issues Faced by the Superpowers That Led to the Korean War (Involvement) August 15, 1945- Korea divided into US and Soviet occupation zones along 38th parallel. July 26, 1947- President Truman's National Security Act creates US Department of Defense. • Aug 15, 1948- After supervised elections, US military government turned over power to Republic of Korea. • June 25, 1950- North Korea, hoping to unify all of Korea under one Communist government, invaded South Korea.

What Happened 1949 • China became a Communist country. Truman was worried that a domino effect of Communism would occur. • Kim Il Sung (ruler of North Korea) persuaded Stalin and Mao Tse Tung for permission to attack South Korea. 1950 • Syngman Rhee (ruler of South Korea) boasted about his plans to attack North Korea, giving Kim Il Sung a reason to begin his invasion. • At first the NKPA (North Korean People’s army) was very successful in defeating the ROKs (Republic of Korea’s Army); by July they had captured all of South Korea except for Pusan in the far South of the peninsula. • The Americans were alarmed and convinced the UN to support South Korea. • In July 1950, the UN army of 300 000 men went to Korea, led by General MacArthur. They landed in Pusan and recaptured South Korea. • The Americans captured 125 000 NKPA prisoners, and advanced in to North Korea right to the Chinese border. • The Chinese became alarmed and 200 000 Chinese men (‘People’s Volunteers’) came to the aid of North Korea with arms of the Russians and a hatred of Americans. • In December 500 000 more Chinese troops joined and used the ‘human wave’ tactic to recapture North Korea, and advance in to South Korea once again.

1951 • MacArthur urged Truman to use atomic weapons, but Truman refused. • In February 1951, Truman sent more troops and increased the bombing raids which once again drove the Chinese back, but resulted in the loss of 54 000 American men. This war became very unpopular in America. • In March 1951, MacArthur reached the 38th parallel. Truman ordered him to stop, and MacArthur publicly criticized the idea, losing him his job. 1953 • Eisenhower was appointed American president and made a formal truce to stop the war. • An estimated 10 million people were killed in the Korean War.

Importance Regarding Extent to Which the Korean War Increased/Decreased Tension The Korean War had been a stalemate between the two superpowers, increasing the need for both of the countries to “one-up” the other and show that either communism or anti-communism was ultimately better. Both countries desired to settle this once and for all and as the tension increased more battles were fought and more crises occurred.

Choices Available to the Superpowers During the Korean War USA: • They had to choose between: intervene in Korea’s affairs or not… based on the Soviet Union’s involvement. Would they have gotten involved if the USSR had not been involved? USSR: • Up until the end of 1949, Stalin was afraid of an attack from South Korea. • Kim II Sung tried to convince the Soviet leader- Stalin to help him reunite Korea under one government, over the course of 1949. Stalin was against such a move because he still believed that the peaceful reunification of Korea was still possible. He was later convinced by Kim II Sung that reunification was only possible through military means, and he agreed to help North Korea. • Stalin had the choice of possibly allowing the two halves of Korea come to terms on their own… or to go along with Kim II Sung, and start a war with the South.

Reasons For the Decisions Made By Both Sides USA: • President Truman wanted to fight in the Korean War because he believed that the Domino Theory would prevail – if one country fell to communism then others would also fall. • There were concerns that a war in Korea could turn into another world war • USA WAS in competition for world domination. • They supported South Korea, because it was a chance to fight communism without directly attacking Russia. • USSR: • USA and USSR were in competition for world domination. • The Soviet leader Stalin was persuaded by Kin II Sung to help him conquer South Korea. Stalin agreed because he believed the U.S.A. wouldn’t get involved so he agreed.

Consequences of the Event • There were several casualties on both sides though the exact figure may never be known. • The Korean War created more friction between the United States and the Soviet Union. • The war demonstrated the will of the United States to do everything possible to prevent the proliferation of communism. A feeling of enmity developed between China and the United States that would last for decades. • Families were split with relatives on either sides of the border. • This war created a fear in the United States of the domino effects of communism • The United States intervened in Vietnam to avoid another North Korea. South Korea became an important US military base with thousands of American troops stationed there. The Korean War never ended. The inability of the two sides to resolve their differences has meant that the two Koreas and their allies have had to remain on a battle ready state along the border ever since.

What the Korean War Reveals About How Ideological Conflict Affected International Relations After WWII The superpowers would use any excuse to fight one another, even joining in wars they should not have. The US and USSR forces in the Korean War created more tension between each other and North Korea/South Korea. This war was a preview of what was to be continued for years to come in similar instances around the world, like the Vietnam War…

Vietnam War

Key Issues Faced by the Superpowers That Led to the Vietnam War (Involvement) Neither of the superpowers “won” in Korea so they decided to join another battle of Communism vs. Anti-Communism in Vietnam to try once again to win world power.

What Happened 1960 • Vietcong Formed (National Liberation Front for South Vietnam) 1962 • Cuban Missile Crisis 1964 • 3 North Vietnamese PT boats allegedly fire torpedoes at the USS Maddox named the Gulf of Tonkin Incident • Following the Gulf of Tonkin Incident Congress authorizes President Johnson to "take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression." The US wages total war against North Vietnam 1968 • President Johnson does not run for the presidency and Richard Nixon Elected President of the USA 1972 • Pressure on Nixon increases to end the involvement of the US in Vietnam and secret peace talks are initiated. 1973 • A cease-fire agreement is signed in Paris • All remaining US troops leave Vietnam

Importance Regarding Extent to Which the Vietnam War Increased/Decreased Tension • During the start of the Vietnam War tension between the USSR and US was high, resulting in the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962 • Tensions were already high between the two superpowers from the Korean War and fighting in another war added to the tension.

Choices Available to the Superpowers During the Vietnam War • Both superpowers could have decided to stay out of a war they had no reason in getting involved in • President Johnson made the choice to send more troops into Vietnam instead of pulling out • The superpowers could have chosen to use their nuclear weapons during the Cuban Missile Crisis going on during the war • Vietnam. • The US could have allowed the protests to go on peacefully instead of opening fire on the protesting students • Protests were held at Kent State and all over the US against President Johnson’s decision to send more than 500,000 men to fight in Vietnam. National Guardsmen were sent in to break up the protests at Kent State and ended up killing 4 students after opening fire on the protesters. This led to more protests against the war in

Reasons For the Decisions Made By Both Sides Like in the Korean War it was a war between the communist north and anti-communist south; both superpowers saw this as a means of fighting one another in the great communism vs. anti-communism war and proving which country had the most power on the world stage

Consequences of the Event • The Vietnam War cost the United States 58,000 lives and 350,000 casualties. It also resulted in between one and two million Vietnamese deaths. • Congress enacted the War Powers Act in 1973, requiring the president to receive explicit Congressional approval before committing American forces overseas.

What the Vietnam War Reveals About How Ideological Conflict Affected International Relations After WWII The superpowers' involvement in the Vietnam War over whether or not communism was the better ideology led to thousands of unnecessary deaths, causing unrest around the world and eventually needing in neither the US nor the USSR “winning” the ideological war. International relations were attempted to be patched up but there is always a tension present.

Bibliography Pillai, P. (n.d.). Cause and effects of Korean war. Retrieved March 15, 2012, from www.buzzle.com: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/cause-and-effects-of-korean-war.html Education Foundation. (n.d.). Timeline of the Cold War. Retrieved March 18, 2012, from ORACLE ThinkQuest: http://library.thinkquest.org/10826/timeline.htm Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. (2012, March 18). Cuban Missile Crisis. Retrieved March 18, 2012, from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis Redruth School. (2006). The USA and the USSR as World Superpowers, 1945-1963. Retrieved March 19, 2012, from johndclare.net: http://www.johndclare.net/cold_war1_redruth.htm Mintz, S. (2012, March 19). Learn About the Vietnam War. Retrieved March 19, 2012, from Digital History: http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/modules/vietnam/index.cfm History-Timelines.org.uk . (2011). Vietnam War Timeline. Retrieved March 19, 2012, from History Timelines: http://www.history-timelines.org.uk/events-timelines/06-vietnam-war-timeline.htm

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