online auction system research paper

An anonymous and fair auction system based on blockchain

• Published: 31 March 2023
• Volume 79 , pages 13909–13951, ( 2023 )

Cite this article

• Zongli Ye 1 ,
• Chin-Ling Chen 2 , 3 ,
• Wei Weng 1 ,
• Hongyu Sun 4 , 5 ,
• Woei-Jiunn Tsaur 6 , 7 &
• Yong-Yuan Deng 3  

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Consumer approval of the online auction paradigm is demonstrated by rapidly expanding online auction transaction volumes. Bidders can access a wider variety of products, and sellers can reach a larger audience through online auction platforms. However, privacy concerns have reduced users’ trust in auction platforms, and complicated disputes have led consumers to lose faith in online auctions, negatively impacting market growth. The emergence of blockchain technology has brought a new approach to solving these problems. Blockchain is a new generation of information technology that is decentralized, transparent, traceable, anti-tampering, and unforgeable, following big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. In this paper, we present a blockchain-based online auction solution as well as an auction protocol that uses ring signatures to guarantee anonymity. Three features summarize this essay: (1) Using blockchain technology to ensure that the auction transaction process is transparent, traceable, tamper-proof, and unforgeable. (2) The ring signature-based anonymous auction protocol allows for concealing bidders’ public keys in a group of public keys. Because malicious individuals are prevented from evaluating data by tracking numerous transactions of a single public key, this significantly protects bidders’ privacy. (3) The proposed scheme effectively resolves disputes that may arise during the auction.

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Data availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan (No. MOST 111-2218-E-305-001-MBK and MOST 110-2410-H-324-004-MY2), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (No. 2018J01572), the Science and Technology Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Education (JJKH20210457KJ), Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project (20220508038RC), Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Jilin Province (J202210203JSJ02) and CERNET Innovation Project (NGII20180315), the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (Grant No. 51808474).

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School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China

Zongli Ye & Wei Weng

School of Information Engineering, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600, China

Chin-Ling Chen

Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City, 413310, Taiwan

Chin-Ling Chen & Yong-Yuan Deng

Department of Computer Science, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China

State Key Laboratory of Numerical Simulation, Siping, 136000, China

Computer Center, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, 237303, Taiwan

Woei-Jiunn Tsaur

Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, 237303, Taiwan

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Contributions

The authors’ contributions are summarized below. Z.Y., and C.-L.C. were involved in conceptualization and writing—original draft preparation; Z.Y., Y.-Y.D and C.-L.C. contributed to methodology; W.-J.T., W.W., and H.S. were involved in data analysis and validation; C.-L.C. and Y.-Y.D. contributed to investigation; W.-J.T., Y.-Y.D., and H.S. were involved in writing—review and editing; C.-L.C., and W.W contributed to supervision. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Chin-Ling Chen or Yong-Yuan Deng .

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System parameters. \(p\) and \(q\) are large prime numbers, and \(g^{q} = 1 \, \bmod p\) .

The public key \(y\) and private keys \(x\) of \(U\) .

The real ID of \(U\) .

The role \(U\) of the system.

Symmetric encryption and decryption functions in each phase.

Schnorr signatures are generated by the user \(U\) at different stages.

One-way hash function.

The hash value returned by IPFS for auction i .

Credit requirements for bidders from sellers.

Deposit requirements for bidders from sellers.

Auction ID of lot i .

ID for deposit transaction record.

Participating credentials for bidder BR.

Public key set (with the public key of the real signer).

Length of the public key set \(L\) .

The price offered by the bidder.

Random parameters are used in the signing process.

Ring signature created by the user.

Unencrypted transmission information.

Encrypted message.

Timestamps.

Balance payment transaction ID.

Refund transaction ID.

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Ye, Z., Chen, CL., Weng, W. et al. An anonymous and fair auction system based on blockchain. J Supercomput 79 , 13909–13951 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-023-05155-w

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Accepted : 01 March 2023

Published : 31 March 2023

Issue Date : September 2023

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-023-05155-w

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