postgraduate diploma vs phd

Have a language expert improve your writing

Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free.

• Knowledge Base
• Applying to graduate school
• Master’s vs PhD | A Complete Guide to the Differences

Master's vs PhD | A Complete Guide to the Differences

Published on November 27, 2020 by Lauren Thomas . Revised on June 1, 2023.

The two most common types of graduate degrees are master’s and doctoral degrees:

• A master’s is a 1–2 year degree that can prepare you for a multitude of careers.
• A PhD, or doctoral degree, takes 3–7 years to complete (depending on the country) and prepares you for a career in academic research.

A master’s is also the necessary first step to a PhD. In the US, the master’s is built into PhD programs, while in most other countries, a separate master’s degree is required before applying for PhDs.

Master’s are far more common than PhDs. In the US, 24 million people have master’s or professional degrees, whereas only 4.5 million have doctorates.

Table of contents

Master’s vs phd at a glance, which is right for you, length of time required, career prospects, costs and salaries, application process, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about master's and phd degrees.

The table below shows the key differences between the two.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

A PhD is right for you if:

• Your goal is to become a professor at a university or some other type of professional researcher.
• You love research and are passionate about discovering the answer to a particular question.
• You are willing to spend years pursuing your research even if you have to put up with a lot of dead ends and roadblocks.

A master’s degree is the better choice if any of the following apply:

• You want to continue studies in your field, but you’re not committed to a career as a professional researcher.
• You want to develop professional skills for a specific career.
• You are willing to pay a higher upfront cost if it means finishing with your degree (and thus being able to work) much faster.
• You want the option to study part-time while working.

The length of time required to complete a PhD or master’s degree varies. Unsurprisingly, PhDs take much longer, usually between 3–7 years. Master’s degrees are usually only 1–2 years.

Length of a master’s

Master’s degrees are usually 2 years, although 1-year master’s degrees also exist, mainly in the UK.

Most of the degree consists of classes and coursework, although many master’s programs include an intensive, semester-long master’s thesis or capstone project in which students bring together all they’ve learned to produce an original piece of work.

Length of a PhD

In the US, a PhD usually takes between 5 and 7 years to complete. The first 2 years are spent on coursework. Students, even those who choose to leave without finishing the program, usually receive a master’s degree at this point.

The next 3–5 years are spent preparing a dissertation —a lengthy piece of writing based on independent research, which aims to make a significant original contribution to one’s field.

Master’s degrees tend to prepare you for a career outside of academia, while PhDs are designed to lead to a career in research.

Careers for master’s graduates

There are two types of master’s degrees: terminal and research-intensive. The career prospects are different for each.

Terminal master’s degrees are intended to prepare students for careers outside of academia. Some degrees, known as professional degrees, specifically prepare students for particular professions; these include the Master of Public Policy (MPP), Master of Business Administration (MBA), Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT), Master of Fine Arts (MFA), and Master of Public Health (MPH) degrees.

Other master’s degrees, usually Master of Arts (MA) or Master of Sciences (MS or MSc) degrees, do not necessarily lead to a specific career, but are intended to be a final degree. Examples include an MS in Communications or MS in Data Analytics.

In research-intensive master’s programs, students take coursework intended to prepare them for writing an original piece of research known as the master’s thesis . Such programs are usually intended to prepare for further study in a doctoral program.

Careers for PhD graduates

As research degrees, PhDs are usually intended to lead to an academic career. A PhD can be thought of like an apprenticeship, where students learn from professional researchers (academics) how to produce their own research.

Most students aspire to become a university professor upon the completion of their degree. However, careers in academia are highly competitive, and the skills learned in a doctoral program often lend themselves well to other types of careers.

Some graduates who find they prefer teaching to producing research go on to be teachers at liberal arts colleges or even secondary schools. Others work in research-intensive careers in the government, private sector, or at think tanks.

Below are a few examples of specific fields and non-academic careers that are common destinations of graduates of those fields.

• Computer Science
• Lab Sciences

Many government jobs, including economists at a country’s central bank, are research-intensive and require a PhD. Think tanks also hire economists to carry out independent research.

In the private sector, economic consulting and technology firms frequently hire PhDs to solve real-world problems that require complex mathematical modeling.

Graduate students from the humanities are sometimes hired by museums, who can make use of their research and writing skills to curate exhibits and run public outreach.

Humanities PhDs are often well-suited to research and grant-writing roles at nonprofits. Since so much of research is funded by grants, PhD students often gain a lot of experience applying for them, which is a useful skill in the nonprofit sector.

There are a wide range of non-academic research jobs for lab scientists with doctorates in subjects like chemistry, biology, ecology and physics.

Many PhD graduates are hired by pharmaceutical companies that need to perform research to create and test their products. Government agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), also hire lab scientists to work on research projects.

Job prospects after graduation vary widely based on the field. In fields like management, computer science, statistics, and economics, there’s little underemployment—even graduates from less well-known programs can easily find jobs that pay well and use the skills they’ve gained from the PhD.

However, in other fields, particularly in the humanities, many PhD graduates have difficulty in the job market. Unfortunately, there are far more PhD graduates than assistant professor roles, so many instead take on part-time and low-paid roles as adjunct instructors. Even non-academic careers can sometimes be difficult for PhDs to move into, as they may be seen as “overqualified”  or as lacking in relevant professional experience.

Because career options post-PhD vary so much, you should take the time to figure out what the career prospects are in your field. Doctoral programs often have detailed “placement” records online in which they list the career outcomes of their graduates immediately upon leaving the program. If you can’t find these records, contact the program and ask for them—placement information should play an important role in your choice of PhD program.

Although PhDs take far longer to complete, students often receive a living stipend in exchange for being a teaching or research assistant. Master’s degrees are shorter but less likely to be funded.

Both master’s degrees and PhDs lead to increased salaries upon graduation. While PhDs usually earn a bit more than those with a master’s degree, in some fields, the wages are identical, meaning that no financial benefit is gained from going on to a PhD.

Cost of a master’s

The upfront cost of a master’s degree is usually higher than a doctoral degree due to the lower amount of financial aid available. However, increased salaries also arrive faster than with a doctoral degree, because people graduate much earlier from a master’s program.

Some master’s students do receive stipends for their degrees, usually as compensation for being a teaching or research assistant. In addition, many people complete master’s degrees part time while working full-time, which allows them to fund their living costs as well as tuition.

The cost varies significantly by school and program. Public schools are usually cheaper than private ones. Some master’s degrees, such as MBAs, are notoriously expensive, but also result in much higher wages afterwards that make up for the high cost.

The master’s wage premium , or the extra amount that someone with a master’s degree makes than someone with just a high school diploma, is 23% on average. Many universities provide detailed statistics on the career and salary outcomes of their students. If they do not have this online, you should feel free to contact an administrator of the program and ask.

Cost of a PhD

PhDs, particularly outside the humanities, are usually (though not always) funded, meaning that tuition fees are fully waived and students receive a small living stipend. During the last 3–5 years of a PhD, after finishing their coursework (and sometimes before), students are usually expected to work as graduate instructors or research assistants in exchange for the stipend.

Sometimes students can apply for a fellowship (such as the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Program in the United States) that relieves them of any obligations to be a teaching or research assistant. Doctoral programs in the US tend to be better funded than in the rest of the world.

Sometimes, PhD degrees can be completed part-time, but this is rare. Students are usually expected to devote at least 40 hours a week to their research and work as teaching or research assistants.

The main cost of doctoral programs comes in the form of opportunity cost—all the years that students could be working a regular, full-time job, which usually pays much better than a graduate school stipend.

The average wage premium for PhDs is 26%, which is not much higher than the master’s degree premium.

In the US, the application process is similar for master’s and PhD programs. Both will generally ask for:

• At least one application essay, often called a personal statement or statement of purpose .
• Letters of recommendation .
• A resume or CV .
• Transcripts.
• Writing samples.

Applications for both types of programs also often require a standardized test. PhDs usually require the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), which tries to measure verbal reasoning, quantitative, critical thinking , and analytical writing skills. Many master’s programs require this test as well.

Applying for a master’s

Master’s degrees programs will often ask you to respond to specific essay prompts that may ask you to reflect upon not just your academic background, but also your personal character and future career ambitions.

Northwestern University’s Kellogg Business School requires Master’s of Business Administration (MBA) applicants write two essays, one about a recent time they demonstrated leadership and the second about their personal values.

Who you should ask for your letters of recommendation varies by program. If you are applying to a research-intensive master’s program, then you should choose former professors or research supervisors. For other programs, particularly business school, current work supervisors may be a better choice.

Some professional master’s programs require a specific test. For example, to apply to law school, you must take the Law School Admissions Test, or LSAT. For business school, you must take either the GRE or the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT).

Applying for a PhD

When applying for a PhD, your resume should focus more on your research background—you should especially emphasize any publications you’ve authored or presentations that you’ve given.

Similarly, your statement of purpose should discuss research that you’ve participated in, whether as an assistant or the lead author. You should detail what exactly you did in projects you’ve contributed to, whether that’s conducting a literature review, coding regressions, or writing an entire article.

Your letters of recommendations should be from former professors or supervisors who can speak to your abilities and potential as a researcher. A good rule of thumb is to avoid asking for recommendations from anyone who does not themselves have a PhD.

If you want to know more about college essays , academic writing , and AI tools , make sure to check out some of our other language articles with explanations, examples, and quizzes.

College essays

• College essay examples
• College essay format
• College essay style
• College essay length
• Diversity essays
• Scholarship essays

Academic writing

• Writing process
• Avoiding repetition
• Literature review
• Conceptual framework
• Dissertation outline
• Thesis acknowledgements
• Burned or burnt
• Canceled or cancelled
• Dreamt or dreamed
• Gray or grey
• Theater vs theatre

A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

This depends on the country. In the United States, you can generally go directly to a PhD  with only a bachelor’s degree, as a master’s program is included as part of the doctoral program.

Elsewhere, you generally need to graduate from a research-intensive master’s degree before continuing to the PhD.

This varies by country. In the United States, PhDs usually take between 5–7 years: 2 years of coursework followed by 3–5 years of independent research work to produce a dissertation.

In the rest of the world, students normally have a master’s degree before beginning the PhD, so they proceed directly to the research stage and complete a PhD in 3–5 years.

A master’s degree usually has a higher upfront cost, but it also allows you to start earning a higher salary more quickly. The exact cost depends on the country and the school: private universities usually cost more than public ones, and European degrees usually cost less than North American ones. There are limited possibilities for financial aid.

PhDs often waive tuition fees and offer a living stipend in exchange for a teaching or research assistantship. However, they take many years to complete, during which time you earn very little.

In the US, the graduate school application process is similar whether you’re applying for a master’s or a PhD . Both require letters of recommendation , a statement of purpose or personal statement , a resume or CV , and transcripts. Programs in the US and Canada usually also require a certain type of standardized test—often the GRE.

Outside the US, PhD programs usually also require applicants to write a research proposal , because students are expected to begin dissertation research in the first year of their PhD.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Thomas, L. (2023, June 01). Master's vs PhD | A Complete Guide to the Differences. Scribbr. Retrieved April 1, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/graduate-school/masters-vs-phd/

Is this article helpful?

Lauren Thomas

Other students also liked, when to apply for graduate school | month-by-month timeline, how to write a statement of purpose | example, how to write a graduate school resume | template & example, unlimited academic ai-proofreading.

✔ Document error-free in 5minutes ✔ Unlimited document corrections ✔ Specialized in correcting academic texts

Graduate Journey Resource Center

Discover valuable resources to assist you in your program search and decision-making process.

Master’s vs. Ph.D.: What’s the Difference and Which One to Choose?

If graduate school is on your radar, one of the first things to consider is what type of degree you should pursue . While a bachelor’s degree is required for any postgraduate study, many people think you need a master’s to pursue a Ph.D., but that isn’t always the case. While there are benefits to receiving your master’s degree before your Ph.D., it’s not always necessary or required. However, there are important differences to note when deciding which type of program to apply to.

Master’s degree

A master’s degree usually takes about two years to complete full time. There are programs that allow a student to attend on a part-time basis, but that of course extends the completion time. Many master’s programs require a thesis to be completed, but not all. A thesis is a research project that is completed during the final year of a master’s program under the guidance of your program chair or advisor.

Under the master’s umbrella, there are quite a few specific degrees you can obtain. Your professional path will determine which of these you pursue.

• Master of Arts (MA) is given for disciplines in the arts and social sciences.
• Master of Science (MS) is given for sciences, health, engineering and statistics.
• Master of Research (MRes) is focused on training students to become researchers. This is advantageous to a student if they’re pursuing a research-based career or planning to apply for a Ph.D. program.
• Master by Research (MPhil) is similar to a MRes but is more advanced and focuses on research topics to be explored in depth. It’s often considered a precursor to a Ph.D. program.

Specialized master’s degrees

There are numerous specialized master’s degrees that are categorized by profession. These are often (not always) preceded by some professional experience prior to undertaking these types of advanced degrees.

• Master of Business Administration (MBA)
• Master of Library Science (MLS, MLIS, MSLS)
• Master of Public Administration (MPA)
• Master of Public Health (MPH)
• Master of Social Work (MSW)
• Master of Laws (LLM)
• Master of Education (MEd, MSEd, MIT, MAEd, MAT)
• Master of Engineering (MEng)
• Master of Architecture (MArch)
• Master of Fine Arts (MFA)
• Master of Divinity (MDiv)

Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy)

There are many Ph.D. programs and, in general, it’s considered the most advanced type of research degree you can obtain. Ph.D. candidates are required to complete a dissertation to obtain their degree. Unlike a thesis, a dissertation is longer and consists of original research conducted throughout the entire doctoral study. In some cases, students may be awarded a stipend, or pay, to complete the doctoral program and dissertation.

Ph.D.’s take a considerably longer time to complete than a master’s, five to eight years on average, and they carry a rather high rate of noncompletion due to time and financial commitments. Many Ph.D. programs have stipends available, so it’s important to inquire about that when researching a particular program.

Specialized doctorate programs

As with master’s degrees, there are several specialized doctorate programs specific to different disciplines and areas of study:

• Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
• Doctor of Engineering (EngD/PhD)
• Doctor of Education (EdD/D.Ed)
• Doctor of Social Science (DsocSci)
• Doctor of Professional Studies (DProf)
• Doctor of Architecture (DArch)
• Doctor of Theology (Th.D)
• Doctor of Divinity (DD/DDiv)
• Doctor of Science STEM (Dsc/ScD)
• Doctor of Science Arts & Humanities (DLitt/LitD)

When deciding which one to get, consider your immediate or long-term career goals — which degree would serve you best? In some cases, you can obtain a Ph.D. with just a bachelor’s degree, but often it’s recommended you get a master’s first for the research experience that will be required for a Ph.D.

As with anything, there are exceptions. Students in law school obtain a J.D. (Juris Doctor) but can then further obtain a master’s in a sub-specialty like tax or immigration law. The health care occupations of physical therapist and pharmacist are also doctorate programs obtained post undergrad.

Making your choice

As with any decision, weigh your options, list pros and cons, and go from there. Once you’ve narrowed your options , you’ll have a precise list of programs and institutions generated for your specific goals.

Should I Pursue A Master’s or A Ph.D.?

The first step in deciding on the right graduate program for you is to figure out which degree will best serve you—a master’s or a doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.). Here are a few factors to consider.

What are your career goals?

• Professional master’s: A good choice if you want to develop a particular skill set in order to practice a particular profession. This type of degree provides coursework focused on learning and practicing skills.
• Research master’s: A good fit if you want to gain expertise in a discipline and know how to teach it. A research master’s typically includes a research project or thesis and comprehensive exams in addition to coursework and provides experience in research and scholarship.
• Ph.D. (doctor of philosophy): Consider this option if your goal is to ground yourself in a body of research and develop the ability to add to that body of knowledge. Ph.D. study includes a major research project in addition to coursework, and a Ph.D. is the highest scholastic degree awarded by American universities. Contrary to common perception, career paths for Ph.D. graduates are quite varied, not just limited to academia. Ph.D. training helps you hones skills such as writing, research, teaching, data analysis, communicating complex topics—all of which can translate into many sectors, including industry, government, nonprofit, and entrepreneurship.

See career data for Duke graduate programs' alumni

How much time do you have to pursue a graduate degree?

Master’s degrees typically take two years to complete, while Ph.D. programs generally take five to seven years ( see Duke programs' time-to-degree ). That is a significant difference in commitment and opportunity costs. It might also play a key role in deciding which factors take higher priority as you evaluate a program. How does the length of the program fit with your career and family plans? How important is the surrounding community if you are going to be there for seven years instead of two? How long are you able or willing to go on a limited income while in graduate school?

How much can you afford to pay for a graduate degree?

Consider your personal financial situation (e.g., how much savings and student loans do you have), as well as how much financial aid you can get. Master’s and Ph.D. programs differ greatly in the amount of financial aid available. Ph.D. programs tend to offer significantly more financial support than master’s programs (but often will have research or teaching requirements). 

A typical Ph.D. financial aid package usually includes coverage of tuition and fees, a living stipend, and some level of support for health insurance for a set number of years. For instance, Duke’s standard Ph.D. package covers tuition, mandatory fees, and a stipend for five years, as well as health insurance premiums for six years. 

Within an institution, the level of financial support often differs across programs, so be sure to ask your specific program about the financial aid it offers. There are also many national organizations that provide competitive fellowships and scholarships for graduate students.

Know which degree you want to pursue? Here are some key things to look for in a program .

• Masters vs PhD – Differences Explained
• Types of Doctorates

The decision of whether or not to pursue a Masters or PhD (or both) after you complete your undergraduate studies is not necessarily a straightforward one. Both are postgraduate degrees but are different in terms of the academic experience and the career paths taken afterwards.

In short, a Masters degree involves a year of study, primarily through taught lectures and a final dissertation research project, whilst a PhD (also referred to as a doctorate degree) is a three-year commitment of independent research on a specific subject.

There’s more to it than that, however – read on for more information.

What Is a Masters Degree?

A Masters degree is the next level of education after the completion of an undergraduate degree, commonly known as a Bachelors.

These degree levels are often referred to in terms of cycles so that a Bachelor’s is a first-cycle degree, a Masters is a second-cycle and finally, a PhD is the third-cycle of higher education (and the highest).

Masters degrees demand an intense period of study, usually centred around a core series of lectures and taught modules, coupled with coursework assignments and exams, followed by the completion of a contained research project usually taking students 3-4 months to complete.

These types of degrees are attractive to recent graduates who want to delve deeper into their specific field of study, gaining some research experience and more specialised knowledge beyond what an undergraduate degree can offer.

Equally, some pursue a Masters degree program in a subject that is only tangentially related to their Bachelors degree, helping them gain a broader depth of knowledge.

These degrees also serve as a significant stepping stone for those already in employment who want to progress their current career development and earn a higher salary. They can also be an excellent method for helping in changing careers completely by learning new skills and subject knowledge.

What Is a PhD Degree?

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is the highest academic degree that can be awarded and is the third and final cycle in the progression of higher education.

A doctoral degree is earned on the basis of producing a significant, independent and novel body of work (a Thesis) that contributes new knowledge to a particular research topic.

These are research degrees that are a significant investment of a candidate’s time, resources and energy and are all but a pre-requisite for anyone considering a career in academia, such as eventually becoming a professor.

There are some exceptions to this, such as those with a medical background who may earn an MD (Doctor of Medicine), which is the equivalent of a PhD.

Doctoral degrees can also have a significant positive impact on career development outside of academia, especially in fields such as engineering, business and finance that have a high demand for highly qualified and capable people.

A graduate student engaged in PhD study is commonly known as a PhD student, PhD candidate or doctoral student.

What are the Benefits of a Masters Degree?

There are several reasons one might consider doing a Masters degree rather than a PhD in their graduate education. These include:

• It takes approximately a third of the time to do compared to a doctorate degree and costs less too.
• It’s a good way to differentiate yourself from those that hold only an undergraduate degree without having to commit to a substantial research degree.
• The end goal is more career-focused as opposed to research-focused. For example, it is practically an ‘easier’ route to changing or progressing your career if that aligns with your professional goals.

What are the Benefits of Doing a PhD?

You may continue on into a doctoral program after a Masters or you may even dive straight in after completing your undergraduate studies. So, what are the advantages of completing this third-cycle?

• You’ll have developed a wealth of transferable skills at graduate school, such as effective communication of complex concepts, multi-tasking time-management and the ability to adapt to and solve unexpected problems.
• A doctorate helps to establish you as an expert within your chosen subject area; your work will hopefully have furthered the knowledge in this.
• It will open up career paths and teaching positions within academia that may otherwise be very difficult to get a hold in (although these career paths will still be very competitive).
• You can add the title ‘Dr’ in front of your name!

Which Degree Is More Impactful: A Masters or a PhD?

On paper, the answer should be clear: A doctorate degree is the highest degree you can earn, so has more impact than a Masters, which in turn has more impact than a Bachelors.

The reality is that the size of the impact (if any) really depends on the subject area and the career path you choose (if the measure of impact is how it positively improves your career prospects, that is).

For someone with aspirations of becoming a professor, a PhD will be of greater value than a Masters alone.

Equally, it’s also possible that someone with a PhD entering a different field or one that doesn’t require a PhD may find that their degree has no bearing on their career or in some cases may even be seen as a ‘negative’ with a concern of the person being ‘over-qualified’ for a position. There are many scenarios in which professional experience would be more valuable to an employer than a doctorate degree.

Check out the links below to our interviews with Prof. Debby Cotton and Dr Nikolay Nikolov to read their experiences of when a going through a PhD program has had a clear benefit (Prof. Cotton) and when it hasn’t been helpful (Dr Nikolov).

Do You Need to Have a Masters to do a PhD?

This really depends on the university, department and sometimes even the project and supervisor.

From a purely application process perspective, some institutions may formally require you to hold a Masters degree relevant to the subject of the PhD project before you can enter their doctoral program.

In another scenario, most universities are unlikely to accept candidates that were awarded below a 2:1 (in the UK) in their undergraduate degree but may consider someone who has ‘made up’ for this with a high-grade Masters.

Lastly, some universities now offer PhD programmes that incorporate an additional year of study in which you would complete a Masters degree before carrying directly on into a PhD project. As you’d expect, even if a university doesn’t formally require you to hold one, a Masters degree can help separate you from other applicants in being accepted on the project.

Check out our detailed guide to doing a PhD without a Master’s .

Why Do a Masters before Your PhD?

Even if you don’t need to have one, it could still be beneficial to begin your postgraduate study by doing a Masters first before you embark on your doctorate journey.

As mentioned previously it’ll help you stand out from applicants that don’t have one, but beyond that, it’ll give you a taster of what research life could be like, especially if you stay at the same university and department for your PhD.

The one-year commitment (in the UK at least) of carrying out a Masters first, and in particular your research project, will help you better understand if this is truly something you want to commit the next three or more years to.

You’ll learn some of the skills of independent research, from performing detailed literature searches to more complex, analytical writing.

At the end of it, you should be in a stronger position to consider your options and decide about whether to continue into a PhD at graduate school.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

How Long Does It Take to Get a Masters Degree?

In the UK, a full-time Masters degrees take students one calendar year to complete: The programme of study usually starts in September, the final research project the following April and final project viva around August. Part-time degrees are usually double the time.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD?

In the UK, most PhD projects take 3-4 years to complete , as reflected by the majority of funded projects offering stipends to cover living expenses of about 3.5 years.

For many reasons, projects may end up taking longer to complete, however. This might be because of difficulties in collecting enough data, or if the project is being done part-time.

Which One is More Expensive to Do?

As you’d expect, as a PhD takes three times as long to complete as a Masters degree, it will cost you more to do as far as university fees are concerned.

Another thing to consider is that many PhD projects come with some level of funding equivalent to a low salary, which may cover the cost of tuition fees and living expenses, whilst it is usually more difficult to obtain funding for Masters study.

Conversely, a Masters graduate may progress into a higher (versus PhD funding) salary sooner whilst a PhD student will endure three years of a comparatively low income.

A Masters vs a PhD: Conclusion

If you’re considering continue further graduate study after your undergraduate degree, the question of doing a Masters vs a PhD is likely to come up. They are both considered an advanced degree, each with their own advantages.

There are benefits to doing either of these graduate programs or even both of them; your decision here can be easier if you have an idea of the career you want to follow or if you know you have a love for research!

Browse PhDs Now

Join thousands of students.

Join thousands of other students and stay up to date with the latest PhD programmes, funding opportunities and advice.

• Online Degree Explore Bachelor’s & Master’s degrees
• MasterTrack™ Earn credit towards a Master’s degree
• University Certificates Advance your career with graduate-level learning
• Top Courses
• Join for Free

What Is a Postgraduate Degree? Your 2024 Guide

Any degree beyond a bachelor's is typically referred to as a postgraduate (or simply graduate) degree. Learn more about types of postgraduate degrees and whether earning one could impact your career.

Postgraduate degrees are also often simply called “graduate degrees,” a term used to describe master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. According to information from the US Census Bureau, the number of people with postgraduate degrees has more than doubled since 2000, with more than 21 million Americans having a master's degree, and another 4.5 million or more having a doctoral degree [ 1 ]. 

Getting a postgraduate degree may open new career opportunities or increase your earning potential. To help you make the best decision based on your goals and interests, we’ve gathered some key information.

What is a postgraduate degree?

The term “postgraduate degree” covers everything from postgraduate diplomas to master's degrees to doctoral degrees. Essentially, any degree that requires an undergraduate ( bachelor's ) degree as an admissions prerequisite can be considered a postgraduate degree. You might choose to pursue a postgraduate degree for a variety of reasons, including to change career paths , specialize in a highly-technical field, or move into a career in research or education. 

Postgraduate vs. graduate degrees: What’s the difference?

While these can sound like two entirely different terms, they can in fact be used interchangeably. Both refer to degrees that come after a bachelor’s degree, including master’s and PhDs. 

3 types of postgraduate degrees

Pursuing a postgraduate degree can help you gain specialized knowledge, demonstrate your dedication to your field, and even boost your networking capabilities. Postgraduate degrees fall into three main categories: Master’s, professional, and doctoral. Let’s take a closer look at each:

1. Master’s degree

For many students, a master’s degree is typically the next degree pursued after earning a bachelor’s degree. Depending on the university and field of study, you might earn a Master of Arts (MA) or a Master of Science (MS) . You might also find more specialized master’s degrees. Popular options include: 

Master of Business Administration (MBA): Business was the most common field of study for master’s degrees conferred in the 2020-2021 school year, according to the latest data from the National Center for Education Statistics [ 2 ]. Earning an MBA could be useful if you want to work in sales, finance, marketing, accounting, or supply chain management.

Master of Public Health (MPH): Many MPH programs focus on approaches to building healthier communities through public policy. Depending on the program you choose, you may be able to specialize in areas like epidemiology, occupational health, global health, health data analysis, or nutrition. 

Master of Social Work (MSW): If you’re interested in a career as a licensed social worker, you’ll first need to earn an MSW degree from an accredited program. Some programs focus on clinical social work—working directly with clients—while others focus on social work as it relates to community organizing or advocacy. 

Master of Fine Arts (MFA): Many artistic media fall into this category. Earning an MFA might mean undergoing an in-depth study of creative writing, painting, sculpture, photography, or theater. 

Read more: MA vs. MS Degree

What is a professional degree?

Professional degrees are master’s or doctoral programs designed to prepare you for specific career fields. Common examples include master’s degrees (like the Master of Architecture, or MArch), as well as doctorate degrees, like the Doctor of Medicine (MD), Juris Doctor (JD), Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD), or Doctor of Dental Science (DDS).

2. Doctoral degrees

Doctoral degree programs are the highest academic degree you can earn. Common examples include PhDs and professional doctorates like Doctor of Education or Doctor of Nursing.

3. Postgraduate diploma or certificate

Universities sometimes award postgraduate diplomas or certificates (sometimes called graduate certificates ) as a shorter alternative to master’s degrees. Both can demonstrate to potential employers that you’ve gained advanced skills in a specific area of study, which could make you a more competitive job candidate.

Admissions requirements for postgraduate degree programs

One of the biggest requirements for admission to a postgraduate degree program is already having a bachelor’s degree. There are a few exceptions. For example, a bachelor’s degree/Juris doctorate (law degree) accelerated program may allow you to apply and enroll in law school before completing your undergraduate requirements. 

The typical prerequisites for advanced degree program admissions vary depending on the type of degree you’re seeking. Consider the following: 

For a master’s degree, you'll need to graduate from an accredited college or university. You may also need to take the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) or the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT), provide letters of recommendation, write a personal statement, and provide an academic writing sample.

For a professional degree, you typically need to provide your transcripts, take a standardized admissions test like the Law School Admission Test (LSAT), provide letters of recommendation, and write a personal statement. 

For a doctoral degree, you'll need a bachelor's degree and a master's degree from an accredited educational institution. You'll also need to submit references and a personal essay in addition to meeting minimum GPA requirements.

Read more: How to Ask for a Letter of Recommendation (Template + Tips)

How long does a postgraduate degree take?

The amount of time it might take you to earn your postgraduate degree can vary widely depending on a variety of factors. The first consideration is the type of degree you’re pursuing. The average amount of time for earning a master’s degree is 1.5 to two years while the average time it takes to earn a doctoral degree is anywhere from four to six years. Postgraduate diplomas and certificates can take as little as a year to complete.  

The type of advanced degree isn’t the only factor that can affect how long it takes to earn a postgraduate degree. Other notable factors include: 

Whether you attend full-time or part-time

Whether you decide to take time off to gain professional experience or to earn additional money to continue your schooling

Whether you pursue online courses or additional courses between semesters, which may help you graduate faster

Whether you have access to an accelerated degree program or an opportunity to earn micro-credentials, which allow you to earn certificates that you can stack toward your advanced degree

Whether you’ve got ample support from academic advisors and mentors, which can help you complete your schooling faster, particularly in PhD programs

Is earning a postgraduate degree worth it?

If you're wondering if getting a postgraduate degree is right for you, it helps to ask yourself a few questions. There’s no one right approach to a postgraduate education, because it depends on so many factors, most of which are personal to your specific situation. Pursuing a postgraduate degree requires you to make a significant investment of time and money. To evaluate if it might be worth it for you, consider these four questions:

Does it fit your career goals? Not every job and role requires an advanced degree. More importantly, if you're considering a career that does require one, will you be happy with the day-to-day activities, responsibilities, and hours? Take some time to shadow professionals or conduct an informational interview to get a solid feeling for the role you're considering, and to make sure you're choosing a career that will be fulfilling.

What's the earning potential? Graduate school may require you to take out significant loans. To decide if it's worth it, consider whether you'll be ultimately earning enough once you're working to make that debt worth it. Research average starting salaries and job opportunities to inform your choice.

Will it increase your networking opportunities? By enrolling in a postgraduate program, you can sharpen the necessary skills in your field of study with hands-on experience. Additionally, the relationships you create with key industry professionals could help you throughout the rest of your career.

Are there alternatives that might be a better fit? While a postgraduate degree might be the right choice for one person, a professional certification or online course might be a better option for someone else. Look at some job descriptions on sites like LinkedIn to see what common requirements are for the jobs you’re interested in, and let that guide your decision on where to invest your time and effort.

Read more: How to Pay for Graduate School: 8 Ways

How a postgraduate degree may impact earning potential

Many advanced degrees open the door to possibly earning higher salaries, but just as the job outlook varies from job to job, so does your earning potential. Research from the BLS reveals that earnings are highest among people with a master's degree, professional degree, or doctoral degree [ 3 ]. 

According to that data, if you have a bachelor's degree you can expect to earn a median weekly salary of $1,432. With a master's degree, that increases to $1,661. Doctoral degrees and professional degrees are close in earnings potential. If you have a doctoral degree, the median weekly earnings is $2,083, while the median weekly earnings, if you have a professional degree, is $2,080.

*Data adapted from the BLS Current Population Survey [ 3 ]

As you consider the types of postgraduate degrees you might pursue, browse degrees from top universities available on Coursera, including bachelor's and master's degrees , as well as graduate certificates and diplomas in fields like computer science, machine learning, data analytics, and strategic leadership and management.

Article sources

United States Census Bureau. “ Number of People With Master’s and Doctoral Degrees Doubles Since 2000 , https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2019/02/number-of-people-with-masters-and-phd-degrees-double-since-2000.html.” Accessed June 1, 2023.

National Center for Education Statistics. “ Master's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions, by field of study: Selected years, 1970-71 through 2018-19 , https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d22/tables/dt22_323.10.asp.” Accessed June 1, 2023.

US Bureau of Labor Statistics. “ Education pays, 2020 , https://www.bls.gov/careeroutlook/2023/data-on-display/education-pays.htm.” Accessed June 1, 2023.

Keep reading

Coursera staff.

Editorial Team

Coursera’s editorial team is comprised of highly experienced professional editors, writers, and fact...

This content has been made available for informational purposes only. Learners are advised to conduct additional research to ensure that courses and other credentials pursued meet their personal, professional, and financial goals.

What is the difference between a postgraduate taught master’s and a postgraduate research master’s?

Pgce, mres, ma, msc or phd if you’re considering postgraduate study, use this guide to learn the difference between the kinds of postgraduate degrees on offer.

Richard Carruthers

Postgraduate courses come in many formats, ranging from vocational diplomas and certificates through to master’s and doctoral qualifications.

The two most common categories of postgraduate study are postgraduate taught (PGT) courses and postgraduate research (PGR) courses.

As you shop around potential postgraduate courses, you may also come across the PGCE, the LLM, the MRes, the MPhil and the PhD.

But what is the difference between all these acronyms?

Below is a guide explaining the differences between all the postgraduate degrees on offer, including how the application process varies between them.

Postgraduate taught (PGT) courses

Postgraduate taught courses are sometimes called level 7 qualifications and are one of the most common kinds of master’s degrees. When people refer to master’s courses, they usually mean a postgraduate taught course.

These courses are typically one year in duration if studied full-time, or two years if studying part-time.

The course will usually comprise several months of taught classes, much like undergraduate study, followed by an intensive independent research project for the final few months.

These courses have highly specialised content, making them great launchpads for careers where specialist knowledge is required. They are also often used as a stepping stone to more advanced research degrees.

What’s the difference between an MSc and an MA?

Postgraduate taught courses will usually lead to either an MSc or an MA qualification, depending on the subject you choose.

An MSc stands for a “master of science” and will focus on advancing a particular aspect of scientific research across the sciences, engineering, mathematics or a similar field that involves logic, scientific research or numbers.

An MA refers to a “master of arts”, and covers postgraduate taught degrees in the arts and humanities, such as literature, languages, history, cultural studies and some social sciences.

Applying for a postgraduate taught course

To apply for a postgraduate taught course, you will normally be asked to provide transcripts showing your academic performance on your undergraduate degree, a personal statement and a CV.

Your CV should focus on your educational achievements and interests and discuss any project work that shows you have the technical and academic skills needed to be a successful and independent postgraduate student.

Your personal statement can be tackled in a similar way to a cover letter, where you introduce yourself and convey your interest, enthusiasm and motivation to study the subject. It is also advisable to tailor your statement to each course you apply for and to explain your interest in some of the modules offered by that specific course.

It can also be beneficial to demonstrate some thought around where the course will lead you in the future, whether that’s into a new career or towards further study.

With postgraduate taught courses, you often won’t have to submit a research proposal for your research project as part of your application, as the taught elements of the course are meant to help inform your research proposal.

However, some postgraduate master’s courses may ask for you to submit a research proposal or at least have an idea of the topic you want to do your master’s dissertation on, even if this changes later.

Applying to master’s courses is generally done through a decentralised system, meaning you apply individually to each course and university. Each institution will set different entrance and application requirements. Check the exact requirements your course is looking for, and get in touch with the institution’s postgraduate admissions office with any questions.

What are MRes and MPhil degrees?

The MPhil stands for “master of philosophy”. The MRes course option, which is relatively new but has grown in popularity in recent years, stands for a “master of research”.

Much like postgraduate taught courses, both the MPhil and the MRes are technically classified as level 7 qualifications, and typically take one year to complete.

The main difference between an MRes or MPhil and a postgraduate taught course is that MRes and MPhil courses place much more focus on individual research, with as much as 60 per cent to 100 per cent of either degree consisting of a personal research project.

Given the heavy research focus, MRes and MPhil courses tend to contain fewer taught classes, but you will usually receive training in research techniques. As a result of the research focus, an MRes or an MPhil may help prepare a student for a doctoral programme (PGR) or a career that requires specific research skills and techniques.

Applying for an MRes or MPhil course is very similar to applying for a postgraduate taught course, but you may be asked to submit a research proposal as part of your application, so it’s important to have an idea of the kind of research project you would like to pursue.

Doctorate courses

Postgraduate research (PGR) courses are sometimes called level 8 qualifications and usually refer to doctorate courses.

These courses take about three to four years of full-time study to complete, but the exact duration of a doctorate course depends on whether you get involved in teaching, how long your research takes to complete and how long it takes you to write your doctorate thesis.

Successful PhD candidates are awarded doctoral qualifications such as doctor of philosophy (PhD) or doctor of engineering (EngD), depending on their field of research.

Research is the core component of a PhD programme, and you will be expected to produce original work on a specific subject topic, usually in the form of a thesis.

Doctorate qualifications are often a prerequisite for a career as a university academic, researcher or scientist in industry.

Applying for a doctorate (PhD) programme

To apply for a doctorate degree, you’ll need to submit a personal statement and a CV, both providing evidence of your academic experiences and passion for the subject.

Some PhD programmes will expect you to have already completed a postgraduate taught programme, but this isn’t always essential.

For a PhD, you may also be asked to submit a detailed research proposal outlining a specific research question you would like to address, the subject area you will work in, and the approach you would take to solving this.

Your proposal should demonstrate your current knowledge and discuss how your research idea could develop or challenge existing knowledge. You should also mention the potential significance of your research and why it would be a useful contribution to your chosen field.

Usually, you will be expected to apply individually to each PhD programme you’re interested in. Places will usually be dependent on your academic achievements, but also on the funding available in your chosen university department and whether the university can provide an appropriate supervisor.

If you’re considering applying for a PhD, it may be worth contacting academics individually to discuss whether they’d be interested in supervising you and asking about any funding opportunities.

Other postgraduate courses

Aside from the categories discussed above, there are many other classifications of master’s degrees, including postgraduate diplomas and certificates.

Often these lead to a vocational qualification that is used to gain entry to a specific profession.

Examples include the postgraduate certificate of education (PGCE), which leads to a career in teaching, the graduate diploma in law (GDL) or master of law (LLM), which opens the door to the legal professions, or the master of business administration (MBA), which is a common choice for business professionals looking to gain entry to C-suite positions.

You may also like

.css-185owts{overflow:hidden;max-height:54px;text-indent:0px;} Is it possible to do a three-year PhD as an international student?

Samiul Hossain

What is a PhD? Advice for PhD students

How do I choose a master's?

Charlie Pullen

Register free and enjoy extra benefits

Webinar Invitation: Explore the UK and other Study Destinations

Postgraduate Diploma Vs Masters Degree

Ebere Nsofor

• Share on Facebook

Table of Content

Choosing the right programme for your postgraduate study can be a tough decision. You have to consider which option best aligns with your career plans and available resources to pursue the study programme.

When researching options of study at the postgraduate level, many students only consider Masters and PhD as the available options for postgraduate study. However, there is also the option of Postgraduate Diploma (PG Diploma), which very many students are not familiar with.

In this article, we will be discussing the differences between a Postgraduate Diploma and a Masters degree to help you decide which option is a better fit for your postgraduate study.

What is a Postgraduate Diploma?

Postgraduate Diploma is a short term academic programme at the graduate level of study that can be considered right after undergraduate studies. Most Postgraduate Diploma programmes are vocational and they focus on acquiring practical knowledge and specific skillset in a chosen field.

Though a Masters degree and a Postgraduate Diploma are significant in enhancing career prospects, Postgraduate Diploma is a perfect option for you if you wish to obtain a postgraduate qualification without committing to the research and length of a masters programme.

Differences between Postgraduate Diploma and Masters Degree

The major differences between a Postgraduate Diploma and a Masters Degree are:

In terms of finances, a Postgraduate Diploma is generally more affordable than Masters Degree because of its shorter duration. Because a PG Diploma allows a more flexible schedule than a Masters programme, PG Diploma students can combine their study programme with their current jobs to be able to fund the programme.

For most students, the cost of study is a major factor in deciding what postgraduate programme to study. If you don’t have enough funds for a Masters degree, you can consider a PG Diploma, then save up for a Masters degree if you wish.

Duration of study

While a Postgraduate Diploma typically takes a year to complete for a full-time study programme, a Masters degree requires 18-24 months to complete a full-time study. A Masters programme being an extended qualification of a PG Diploma covers more course modules and as a result, requires a longer time to complete.

PG Diploma is an ideal option for people who do not want to commit to something that is time-intensive and wish to merge their current jobs with PG study plans. This Postgraduate Diploma option is advisable if you wish to attain specialist knowledge and skills and launch into a successful career quickly.

Programme Structure and Scope

A major difference between a Postgraduate Diploma and a Masters degree is the programme structure. PG diplomas are mostly vocational courses. They are an excellent option for students seeking professional training to upgrade skills for a particular career path. Unlike a Masters degree, a Postgraduate Diploma does not include research. This is why they require a shorter time to complete. PG Diplomas require less coursework and no research because they focus on practical skills needed to prepare for a career in a particular field.

A Masters degree, on the other hand, is generally research-based. These degrees provide a broader view of a particular subject area. They include more advanced training and coursework. Because Masters degrees are designed to suit academic or professional specialization, they have a more comprehensive approach to learning. A Masters degree typically requires a bachelors degree or its equivalent in the same or similar field. A PG Diploma, however, may grant admission to students who have relevant work experience in the field.

Career Prospects

If your reason for studying at the postgraduate level is to land a job quicker or gain skills to advance in your career, then a PG Diploma may be a better choice for you. PG Diplomas are a great option for you if you want to study further but don’t want to commit to the time and research required for a Masters degree.

However, if your career plans include an academic career or getting a PhD, then a Masters degree will be the best option for you. In addition to its value in academia, a Masters degree positions you for career success as it gives you a broader view of a subject area and access to more jobs. A Masters degree encourages students to engage with a field of study more comprehensively to acquire in-depth knowledge and skills.

Work Permit

Most international students wish to further higher education in foreign countries with the intention of gaining employment after their study programme. As an international student, the conditions of your work permit are dependent on the duration of your study programme and course type.

If you have plans to work after studying, you should consider these conditions when choosing a PG programme. Because a Masters degree lasts longer than a PG Diploma, it is a practical choice if you are seeking a work permit that will last you longer.

Though a Postgraduate Diploma and a Masters degree may serve different career plans and needs, both programmes help students develop practical skills and expand their knowledge to improve career prospects.

If you have any questions or need assistance regarding postgraduate study, please click here to chat with our counsellors who are always willing to guide you.

Explore related article: Masters Degree Admissions Requirements || What You Should Know

Get career and educational articles and insights from our weekly newsletter.

Thank you for subscribing.

Something went wrong.

We respect your privacy and take protecting it seriously

Recommended Reading

• Guest Article , Resources

UK Global Talent Visa || All You Need To Know

Top 10 UK Scholarships For International Students

Gre and gmat || which is best for you, the best of degrees & careers delivered to your inbox.

Study Arears

• Career Beam

Degrees & Careers is a community of counsellors that provides expert careers and education advice.

Get News, Scholarships, And more

AskAuckland

Your online help and support centre, difference between honours and postgraduate diploma.

In some specialisations there is the option to undertake postgraduate study in either a postgraduate diploma or an Honours degree. Both are 120 point, one year full-time study, programmes that can lead to masters study depending on your grades. There is usually significant overlap in the schedule of courses available, which means that Honours and postgraduate diploma students will attend the same classes.  

Important differences to note are:

• Honours degrees typically have a higher grade requirement for entry.  
• Honours degrees often have a compulsory research component in the form of a dissertation.  
• Upon completion, Honours degrees may provide direct entry to PhD study.
• Postgraduate diplomas can be completed part-time over four years, while Honours degrees must be completed within two years.
• Honours degrees are awarded with a class of honours; postgraduate diplomas may be awarded with Distinction or Merit.

This information is offered as a general guide only. It is important to familiarise yourself with the specific regulations and structure and content of each of the programmes you are interested in to ensure you choose the option that best suits your goals.  

Rate this Answer

Tips for Online Students , Tips for Students

Master’s vs PhD — These are the Main Differences

The consideration between earning a master’s vs PhD is not always an easy choice. While many careers and personal aspirations may be complete with just an undergraduate degree (Associate’s or Bachelor’s), a lot of people continue their higher education to obtain graduate degrees. These include a master’s and/or a PhD.

Neither a master’s degree nor a PhD is considered to be a walk in the park. Therefore, it’s useful to understand why you would earn either and then decide how far to go.

Photo by  Good Free Photos  on  Unsplash

Definitions: master’s vs phd.

Bost a master’s and PhD are defined as postgraduate degrees, but they require different commitments and styles of learning.

1. Master’s Degree:

Mostly all master’s degrees will require the completion of an undergraduate bachelor’s degree to enroll. They generally all share the same common requirement for a thesis or dissertation to graduate.

Earning a master’s degree through a taught program will result in the completion of a Master of Art (MA), Master of Science (MS), or Master of Philosophy (MPhil). For those who earn their master’s degree through research, they will earn a Master of Research (Mre), in a tailored field of study. There are also degree-specific master’s programs like Master of Business Administration (MBA) and Master of Education (M.Ed).

After earning a master’s degree, the next step is a PhD, which entails both working and performing research at an institution. A PhD is an abbreviation for “Doctor of Philosophy.” It is the highest academic degree one can achieve. As such, it is a time-consuming pursuit that requires a lot of studying and research.

You may be wondering, “Do you need a master’s to get a PhD?”

Technically, the answer is not always. Some students skip a master’s and go straight for their PhD, but they may lack research experience. While it could save money, the transition between a bachelor’s and a PhD is incredibly sharp. It may be harder to complete a PhD without the experience from a master’s.

Yet, some institutions may allow for the possibility to earn both your master’s and PhD in conjunction with one another. This will alleviate the transition between skipping a master’s and going straight to earning a PhD.

Should You Get a Master’s or PhD?

There are many considerations to factor when deciding between a master’s of PhD. For starters, it’s useful to consider the amount of time it will take, the cost, and the benefits and disadvantages of each. It is also of utmost importance to explore your own personal goals and reasons for wanting a graduate degree.

If your desired career of choice requires a PhD, like becoming a university professor, then you have your answer. If you want to start a business and benefit by networking while in school, a Master of Business Administration (MBA) could be a good idea. Consider what you want to pursue as a career and find out the requirements first.

Another useful thing to note is that a master’s degree can be used for a shift in careers. For example, if you attended college and earned a bachelor’s degree in humanities, but now you want to pursue science, you can still earn your master’s degree in a scientific discipline. On the other hand, a PhD is tailored to your field of study and specialty, so it will require that you are sure of your direction when you first earn your master’s degree.

Length of Time

A typical master’s degree program takes about two years full-time. However, there are accelerated programs that can be completed in just a year or so.

A PhD, in general, requires five to six years of studying, teaching, and research. However, it may even take some students up to eight or nine years to graduate. With this significant investment in time, it’s necessary to know if a PhD is right for you before starting.

The cost of both programs varies by institution and enrollment status of part-time versus full-time. However, since a PhD takes longer to complete, it will end up costing more. With that said, if you look into your return on investment, a PhD could end up yielding a higher salary, and therefore end up “costing less.”

Additionally, there is also the possibility of being paid to complete your PhD. Some students may receive an academic stipend, a university fellowship or apprenticeship or a reduced fee to earn their PhD while completing research (or teaching) at an institution. It’s also possible to get financial aid through a scholarship or grant.

As tuition rates continue to rise, it’s useful to look into alternative institutions for affordable education. For example, the University of the People offers a tuition-free master’s program in Business Administration and Education. This means you can study 100% online and graduate for less than the cost of most programs.

Weighing the Benefits

When comparing the two degree types, here are some benefits of each:

• Career-oriented
• Can open the door for more job opportunities
• Costs less than a PhD
• Takes less time than a PhD
• Helps you stand out from those with only an undergraduate degree
• You can perform research in your field of choice
• You become an expert in your field
• The prefix Dr. is added to your name
• You can teach in academia at the highest level

Required Commitment and Reasons to Pursue

Both a master’s and a PhD require a huge amount of hard work and utter commitment. You must be dedicated and motivated to complete either degree. Since most careers only may require a bachelor’s degree, having a master’s or PhD will set you apart from the competition. However, this should not be the sole reason to pursue either.

You may be wondering why would you earn either degree. Here’s a look at some motivational factors:

Reasons to Study for a Master’s

• Your career requires it (see next section)
• You want to advance your subject knowledge
• You want to experience graduate school and network with peers

Reasons to Study for a PhD

• You want to contribute new research to your field of choice
• Your career requires a PhD
• You want to earn the title of Dr.

Photo by  Online Marketing  on  Unsplash

Required degrees by career.

Most people are motivated to pursue higher education because their desired careers require they do so. Here, we will break down those fields that require the completion of a master’s degree as it’s high on the list of reasons why to get one.

• Education Administration: To work as an administrator in an educational institution, you need to hold an advanced degree. A Master’s in Education (M.Ed) will provide you with the necessary knowledge and required skills to succeed in the field.
• Executive Level Business: A Master’s in Business (MBA) will not only place you ahead of the competition to land high-level positions in the field of business, but it can also be the jumping off point for becoming your own boss.
• Environmental Science: With issues in climate change and technological advancement, careers in Environmental Science are growing. As with most scientific careers, it requires a master’s degree where you will learn Applied Ecology, Environmental Policy, Environmental Chemistry, and more.
• Mental Health: To become a licensed practitioner and assist in mental health counseling, you will continue your education through a master’s degree in the field.
• Physical Therapy: Employers of physical therapists often prefer them to obtain a master’s degree in the discipline as the field is highly specialized.

Of course, some careers require a PhD. These careers are easy to spot because they have the prefix Dr. in front of them or the suffix like J.D. (Juris Doctor). To become a lawyer, doctor of medicine, veterinary medicine or psychologist/psychiatrist, you must obtain a PhD in the respective field.

Salary Differences Between Master’s and Ph.D. Graduates

According to a study performed by the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce , the overall evidence shows that the higher the degree you have, the higher your salary potential. However, the differences vary by subject level and field.

In general, the expected lifetime earnings of those with each degree level is as follows:

• High School Diploma: $973,000
• Bachelor’s Degree: $1.3 million
• Master’s Degree: $2.7 million
• Doctorate Degree: $3.3 million

The Bottom Line

Aside from the financial cost and length of time, the opportunity to earn a master’s and a doctorate degree can offer several benefits.

However, it is an undertaking that requires a lot of dedication and motivation on behalf of the student. As such, it’s important to perform research on your desired career’s requirements, as well as your personal interest in pursuing either a Phd vs master’s.

Related Articles

Phd Vs. Master's: Which Degree Is Right For Me?

Many college students choose to go directly into the workforce once an undergraduate degree has been achieved, and others choose to continue their education by enrolling in graduate school. So, what type of degree is considered a graduate degree? Undergraduate degrees are associate and bachelor degrees.  Master's and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees at the postgraduate level are graduate degrees. Graduate school can be costly and requires much time and dedication from the potential student. Any person considering this type of education must be informed of both options.

Potential students often do not understand the difference between these two types of postgraduate degrees offered at the University of California Merced. Both degrees require a bachelor's undergraduate degree. Both will also require acceptance into the graduate school containing general requirements and specific requirements depending on the student's field. Those are where the similarities of the two end. The differences are much more defined. 

On average, a bachelor's degree will take four years to achieve. These four years are required for any postgraduate degree. Depending on the type of degree chosen, the second cycle degree will take approximately 2 to 6 years. How quickly the pupil intends to start their career will have to be taken into consideration. These lengthy-time constraints can be a detriment for many potential students. Most of the time, students going into graduate school are adults who need to begin their careers to support themselves and sometimes their families, and this amount of time may not be conducive to their plans.

Expenditure

Cost is one of the major considerations a potential student should account for. As of 2020, the average price of an undergraduate bachelor's degree for a public university in California is $1300 for an in-state student and $8000 for an out-of-state student. Private universities are more expensive, $20,000 regardless of the state of residence. On average, the second cycle degree or the master's can incur a cost of $17,000 for in-state upwards to $32,000 for out-of-state students per year. As discussed previously, the average master's degree takes approximately one to three years to obtain after the undergraduate degree has been obtained. To receive a Ph.D., the student must commit to approximately three to seven more years of education. One difference between a master’s degree and a Ph.D. degree at UC Merced is that 97% of all Ph.D. students are fully funded. Ph.D. students have their tuition and a living stipend covered through teaching assistant and research assistant positions and through fellowships.

What is the person's reasoning for wanting to achieve additional education? This can range from a larger salary, current or potential employment requirements, or career changes. Any of these reasons would be conducive to enrolling in a graduate program, specifically the master's degree program. This postgraduate degree is most beneficial to those already in the workforce looking to excel in their careers or change careers. There are times that companies will hire within but want a more advanced degree, so the person will seek out the degree to obtain a higher position. There are also times in which a person has a goal to change his or her career path. They may already have an undergraduate degree and decide to seek a higher education degree to change their careers. The reasons for entering the Ph.D. program can be much more specific. Most students enter this type of education or want to teach or provide some other way to advance the field further. 

The Learning Process

The learning process for each degree is very different. The master's program uses the undergraduate degree knowledge and puts it into practical formats and applications. The year(s) spent in this will consist of book study and in-person or online classes taught by professors. It will have work that will be graded and those grades recorded. Projects, including group projects, will make up the bulk of the study. A capstone course will also be required to accumulate all things learned into a practical application project, usually completed as a group. The Ph.D., on the other hand, is made up primarily of research. There may be classes involved with professors, but the bulk of the time will be used to complete a lengthy publishable research thesis. This type of education requires much time, and students can often not work full-time jobs and seek this degree. 

Once students have decided to further their education into graduate programs, they should thoroughly research how far they would like the instruction to reach. Are they wanting to get into the workforce while striving to obtain the degree? If so, then the master's is most likely the correct choice. Do they want the prestige that comes with the word Dr. in front of their name? Or perhaps they are striving to be an expert in a particular field? If this is the case, then the Ph.D. is the correct choice. Whichever choice is made, the acceptance and understanding of the time, money, and effort involved is a must. For more information on the types of degrees available, visit https://graduatedivision.ucmerced.edu/about/graddiv today.

• excelerate's blog

Additional Links

• Executive Leadership
• University Library
• School of Engineering
• School of Natural Sciences
• School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Arts
• Ernest & Julio Gallo Management Program
• Division of Graduate Education
• Division of Undergraduate Education

Administration

• Office of the Chancellor
• Office of Executive Vice Chancellor and Provost
• Equity, Justice and Inclusive Excellence
• External Relations
• Finance & Administration
• Physical Operations, Planning and Development
• Student Affairs
• Research and Economic Development
• Office of Information Technology

University of California, Merced 5200 North Lake Rd. Merced, CA 95343 Telephone: (209) 228-4400

• © 2024
• About UC Merced
• Privacy/Legal
• Site Feedback
• Accessibility

Types of postgraduate study

Get to know the different types of postgraduate study—from certificates to doctoral degrees.

Graduate certificates

Graduate certificates are open to students with any Bachelor’s degree and can lead into a graduate diploma. They are a useful qualification if you want to do a limited amount of study in a new subject at an advanced undergraduate level.

It takes one trimester of full-time study to complete a graduate certificate or usually two trimesters if studied part time.

Graduate diplomas

Graduate diplomas allow students with a Bachelor’s degree in one discipline to get familiar with a new subject and prepare for postgraduate study in that subject. Or they can provide a refresher to learn about new developments in your industry.

It takes two trimesters of full-time study to complete a graduate diploma or usually four trimesters if studied part time.

Postgraduate certificates

Postgraduate certificates are designed to increase your knowledge and skills at postgraduate level and can be a first step to further postgraduate study. They can also provide professional development options within your subject area.

They usually take one trimester of full-time study to complete or two trimesters if studied part time.

Postgraduate diplomas

Postgraduate diplomas provide an option to develop further skills and expertise in your subject area at postgraduate level. Postgraduate diplomas are usually completed by coursework. Some may include a research project.

They can be used as a standalone qualification. Some postgraduate diplomas can lead to direct entry into a Master’s degree.

They usually take one year of full-time study or up to four years of part-time study to complete.

Honours degrees

A standalone Honours degree is generally started after finishing a Bachelor’s degree or graduate diploma in the same subject area. It takes two trimesters of full-time study to complete or usually four trimesters if studied part time. The exceptions are the Bachelor of Law with Honours and  Bachelor of Engineering with Honours , which have Honours integrated into the undergraduate degree.

Honours degrees have a research component and give you the opportunity to further explore and develop areas of interest in your chosen field. It is an individual course of study, designed in consultation with staff. Admission is based on strong academic performance in your undergraduate studies.

Completing an Honours degree to a satisfactory standard can lead to entry into a Master’s by research or a PhD.

Master’s degrees

A Master's programme takes one to two years of full-time study to complete, depending on your earlier qualifications and the particular degree.

Master's by coursework

A Master’s by coursework is taught by attending lectures and classes and completing assignments. It may include work placements or research projects.

Some Master’s are open to those with any Bachelor’s degree—ideal if you’d like to study a new subject or change careers. Or some programmes may allow entry based on your extensive professional experience.

Master's by research

A Master’s by research provides an opportunity for independent study with no timetabled lectures or classes. Students work with a supervisor to present their original research as a thesis. Your research is usually in the same discipline that you studied at undergraduate level, and it can lead to PhD study.

Doctoral degrees

The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree is the highest degree offered. It involves original, independent research under academic supervision with the research outcomes being presented in a thesis, followed by an oral examination. The average timeframe for completing a PhD is between three and four years.

The University also offers professional doctorates—find out more about our PhD and other doctoral degrees .

• Masters degrees
• Undergraduate degrees
• A Greener Future Assessor Training
• Disability Equality Training for Live Events
• Our student testimonials
• Course costs
• Funding options

What's the difference between a Masters, PGDip and PGCert?

Confused about which postgraduate qualification to choose? With so many different options, narrowing down the one that's right for you can feel a little overwhelming. Here’s a breakdown of each type of course and the reasons for taking them.

Masters (MA)

A masters degree is an advanced postgraduate course that typically takes 2 years to complete if you’re studying part-time. It is worth 180 academic credits and includes a final dissertation or major project. Internationally recognised by employers all over the world, a masters degree is a great stepping stone toward a PhD if you are interested in pursuing a career in academia. In an increasingly competitive job market, a masters degree can also give you a much-needed edge over other candidates.

You should consider a MA if:

• Your goal is to prepare for a PhD or a career in academia.
• You want to advance your career with an internationally recognised qualification.
• You can commit to at least a year of full-time study or 2 years of part-time study.
• You are considering working abroad.
• You want to get postgraduate funding .

Thinking about your next steps? A master's can help you secure your financial future in today's uncertain job market:

Postgraduate Diploma (PGDip)

A postgraduate diploma is a shorter postgraduate study option that includes challenging masters level content but without the dissertation or major project. A PGDip typically takes approximately 15 months to complete if you’re studying part-time and is worth 120 academic credits. Postgraduate diplomas are a great option for students looking for a flexible course that offers career progression while enabling them to juggle work and family commitments.

You should consider a PGDip if:

• You can commit to 30 weeks of full-time study or 15 months part-time study.
• You are looking for career advancement.
• You want to pursue a more affordable postgraduate course.
• You want to study the same taught content as a masters degree without completing a dissertation or major final project.

Postgraduate Certificate (PGCert)

A postgraduate certificate is the shortest commonly available postgraduate qualification. You can typically earn a PGCert after a term (15 weeks) of full-time study and it is worth 60 academic credits. A PGCert is a good option for individuals who want to boost their career by taking a vocational course that opens new doors within their current field. An exception to this is the Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education (PGCHE) , which takes 30 weeks of part-time study and provides graduates with an internationally recognised teaching qualification.

You should consider a PGCert if:

• You want to complete your qualification quickly (15 weeks of full-time study or up to a year part-time).
• You are looking for career advancement in a specific field.
• You want to become a higher education teacher or gain an internationally recognised teaching qualification.

Studying with Falmouth Flexible

Online Learning , Blog

Subscribe to Blog

• Photography (96)
• Online Learning (49)
• Creative Events Management (42)
• Events (40)
• Writing for Script & Screen (32)
• BA Photo (27)
• Creative App Development (26)
• Illustration (22)
• Graphic Design (19)
• Journalism (6)
• Application (5)
• Comedy Writing (4)
• A Greener Festival Assessor Training (3)
• Indie Game Development (3)
• Marketing and Digital Communications (3)
• Student Experience (3)
• Undergraduate (3)
• User Experience Design (3)

Recent Posts

• December 2020 (249)
• October 2022 (5)
• August 2021 (4)
• March 2022 (4)
• April 2022 (4)
• September 2022 (4)
• January 2021 (3)
• September 2021 (3)
• May 2022 (3)
• August 2022 (3)
• January 2023 (3)
• May 2023 (3)
• June 2023 (3)
• July 2023 (3)
• August 2023 (3)
• September 2023 (3)
• December 2023 (3)
• January 2024 (3)
• February 2021 (2)
• March 2021 (2)
• June 2021 (2)
• January 2022 (2)
• February 2022 (2)
• June 2022 (2)
• July 2022 (2)
• November 2022 (2)
• December 2022 (2)
• February 2023 (2)
• March 2023 (2)
• April 2023 (2)
• October 2023 (2)
• November 2023 (2)
• February 2024 (2)
• March 2024 (2)
• May 2016 (1)
• November 2017 (1)
• April 2018 (1)
• April 2021 (1)
• May 2021 (1)
• November 2021 (1)
• December 2021 (1)

Related Products

Pgche webinar, get in touch today.

Study Online

Australian Qualification Levels Differences Explained

When considering which postgraduate qualification to undertake, there are different options available to match your personal goals. By choosing the right course and its corresponding qualification level, you will be guided to find a program that fits your needs to advance in your chosen field. There are numerous benefits to undertaking further studies, such as gaining a higher earning potential, demonstrating initiative through study, upskilling in new areas, finding networking opportunities , fulfilling educational requirements, and so many more. Everyone has unique aspirations and there are different courses available to meet those needs. Learn about the different Australian qualifications levels available to decide which route will work best for you.

Understanding the difference between postgraduate qualification levels

There are different phrases, acronyms and industry terms when entering the tertiary education system. Understanding how to navigate the new terrain can be daunting without the right guidance. The University of Adelaide offers dedicated support staff to guide all online students through the post-graduate study experience.

Learn about the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) levels and explanations below.

Undergraduate qualifications (levels 1-7)

Level 1 – Certificate I

Level 2 – Certificate II

Level 3 – Certificate III

Level 4 – Certificate IV

Level 5 – Diploma

Level 6 – Advanced Diploma, Associate Degree

Level 7 – Bachelor Degree

Postgraduate qualifications (levels 8-10)

Level 8 – Bachelor Honours Degree, Graduate Certificate, Graduate Diploma

Level 9 – Master’s Degree

Level 10 – Doctoral Degree  

Graduate Certificate

Undertaking a graduate certificate program provides a competitive advantage over those with an undergraduate degree and can provide an extra specialisation into a given field. Typically, graduate certificate programs can be completed in six months (full-time) or eight months (part-time) with a previous degree or equivalent work experience. It signifies additional authority on the subject with advanced theoretical and technical knowledge in your given field. In addition to this, employers regard graduate certificate qualifications highly.

Enrolling into a graduate certificate program like the Graduate Certificate in Data Science online , Graduate Certificate in Business Administration online , or the Graduate Certificate in Cyber Security online all demonstrate advanced knowledge with the ability to communicate expertise to other colleagues.  

Graduate Diploma

This in-depth postgraduate qualification is typically finished in one year (full-time) or one and a half years (part-time) and provides additional knowledge to a chosen field. A graduate diploma offers students flexibility, as it is a strong qualification in its own right or can be used as a pathway towards further study. Depending on the program, this degree usually shares similar entry requirements to the graduate certificate and both are categorised as level 8 by the AQF. However, a graduate diploma goes into more depth and covers more than its partner category.

A postgraduate qualification like the Graduate Diploma in Psychology online prepares students who have no previous psychology experience to progress further and provides missing knowledge required to progress further in Psychology.  

Master’s Degree

A master’s degree demonstrates specialised knowledge and research in a chosen field, it’s an advanced degree that builds authority and expert skills. Employers regard masters degrees very highly as it highlights critical thinking and the ability to integrate teaching into real-world situations.  By learning to communicate information to specialists and non-specialists, masters graduates can communicate at different levels of a business. Expert and situational judgement are taught throughout the master’s degree and graduates can demonstrate a strong application of key learnings.

Programs like the Master of Business Administration online , Master of Business Administration (Health Management) and the Master of Data Science online develop industry leaders with comprehensive knowledge in their field.  

Doctoral Degree

The highest tertiary qualification is a doctoral degree which has two main categories, PhDs and professional doctorates. Both cover complex areas of a topic. PhDs redefine existing knowledge and work to advance scholarly understandings in a field, whilst professional doctorates make a significant and unique contribution to advancing professional practice. They both generate original thought and develop key concepts in the study area. When wanting to become an authoritative voice on a topic, doctoral degrees are the highest of the Australian qualification levels.  

Undertake postgraduate study with a top university

Once you have figured out which Australian qualification level is right for you, the next step is choosing a university. A reputable university will set your postgraduate qualification apart from the other graduates. The University of Adelaide offers flexible online learning options to facilitate study without compromising a busy work schedule. Gain study assistance from dedicated advisors who can guide you through the tertiary education process and give you the confidence you need to succeed. Finally, the University of Adelaide belongs to the Group of Eight , a prestigious ranking that makes the University of Adelaide amongst the leading schools in Australia. Make the most of your qualification and choose a university with the resources that will set you up for success.

If you’re ready to unleash your full career potential, make an appointment to speak with an advisor today .

Study at Adelaide

Online Admissions

Student success, additional links.

This website uses cookies to give you the best, most relevant experience. Using this website means you agree to the use of cookies. You can change which cookies are set at anytime using your browser settings.

• QUICK LINKS
• How to enroll
• Career services

Comparing the differences between MD vs. PhD vs. professional doctorate

By Michael Feder

This article has been vetted by University of Phoenix's editorial advisory committee.  Read more about our editorial process.

Reviewed by Marc Booker, PhD, Vice Provost, Strategy

At a glance

• MD is the abbreviation for Doctor of Medicine and PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy. These are two types of doctoral degrees in addition to professional doctorates. 
• An MD is a doctoral degree for medical professionals, while a PhD is an academic degree focused on original research. Somewhat similar to a PhD are professional doctorates, which focus on applying practical research to problems in workplaces or communities.   
• A professional or practice-based doctorate (EdD, DBA, etc.) can be medical, and others are for scholar-practitioners in disciplines like education, business or psychology.
• University of Phoenix does not offer MD or PhD programs, but students can earn a doctorate in business, nursing, education or healthcare that allows them to build upon their industry expertise. Learn more about the differences between these degree programs and if one of the  five doctoral programs  at University of Phoenix is right for you !

What is a doctorate? Breaking down the three types

Some people might confuse an  MD (Doctor of Medicine)  with a  PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) , and vice versa. While both an MD and a PhD are prestigious degrees near the top of the  academic ladder , they each have a different meaning and come with very  different requirements .

Different still from both of those degrees are professional doctorates, which allow industry professionals to translate their education and experience into credibility and leadership through research. Professional doctorates have similar requirements to PhDs, such as a dissertation and residency, but focus on the application of research and professional growth over original research.

Upon graduation, those who have earned any of these three degrees can call themselves a “doctor,” but the path to a degree, the purpose behind it and its applications vary based on the choice. MD graduates want to work in medicine and healthcare. PhDs want to bring new knowledge and research to the world. A practice-based doctoral graduate wants to grow in their professional expertise. (If the last one sounds like you, University of Phoenix can help!)

Keep reading to learn more about these doctoral programs and which is right for you.

What does MD stand for?

MD is an abbreviation for Doctor of Medicine and identifies a  medical practitioner  who has completed undergraduate studies and four years of medical school. An MD program teaches medical students about the human body and diseases through a combination of classroom instruction and hands-on clinical labs.

Several  types of physicians  might have this degree, depending on their area of study. For example, medical practitioners with an MD degree might become a medical doctor and potentially specialize in dermatology, cardiovascular disease, family medicine, oncology, pediatrics, neurology or preventive medicine. As you can see, this degree  can lead to a variety of career paths , depending on which specialty interests you and what your medical education is.

Learn more about online doctoral degrees at University of Phoenix. 

How to earn an MD

Becoming a Doctor of Medicine  requires a significant investment of time and money, but the reward can be well worth it. Before medical school, you’ll need to  take the Medical College Admission Test  (MCAT ® ) and earn a passing score. You’ll also need to build a portfolio of coursework and experience to help you gain admittance to medical school.

Medical school typically takes students four years to complete. You’ll learn the latest techniques and approaches for patient assessment, diagnosis and treatment. Medical schools commonly provide a combination of classroom,  research and clinical experience . You’ll work alongside peers and healthcare professionals as you develop skills in general medicine.

You’ll choose a field to specialize in during your final year of medical school. Students have more than 120 options to choose from when specializing, including  primary care,   pediatrics, geriatrics, emergency medicine and family medicine .

After graduating, you’ll complete residency training to further develop skills in your specialty. Residency typically lasts three to seven years, depending on the field you’ve selected. During the residency portion of your education, you’ll treat patients under the supervision of more experienced physicians.

Even after you begin to practice as an MD,  the educational portion of your career never stops . As practices change, patient needs evolve and research continues, MDs benefit from ongoing education to stay current.

What does PhD stand for?

A PhD, or  Doctor of Philosophy , is a doctoral degree that recognizes graduates who have completed a full postsecondary program. Students can earn a PhD in more fields than philosophy. After completing the necessary coursework, original research and hands-on experience, you can earn a PhD in fields like science, the humanities and engineering.

Earning a PhD can help unlock a wide range of potential career opportunities. Computer engineers, research scientists, statisticians, healthcare administrators, professors, chemists and other careers commonly require a PhD degree, in addition to appropriate undergraduate study.

How to earn a PhD

Becoming a PhD is also a  serious commitment  that requires an investment of  time, money and energy .

Here is what’s typically required to become a PhD:

• Complete a bachelor’s degree in your field
• Complete a master’s degree in an appropriate field
• Pass any program entrance exams
• Fulfill coursework, research and hands-on lab requirements in your program
• Finalize and defend your dissertation as a  doctoral candidate  (unless your program specifies otherwise)

It’s important to note that many PhD  programs have different requirements , prerequisites and parameters for students. Check with your preferred institution for a more detailed explanation of these requirements.

What is a professional doctorate?

While some professional or practice-based doctorate programs are medical,  others are designed for professionals in other fields . These programs are meant for  scholar-practitioners  in disciplines like education, business or psychology. One of the key differences between this degree and a PhD is the focus on applying research to a professional setting rather than conducting theoretical and research-focused studies. Often, programs are differentiated as academic versus professional.

Examples of doctoral degrees are Doctor of Education, Doctor of Nursing Practice and Doctor of Business Administration. Each of these programs focuses on a specific discipline and applying research in those areas to a professional setting.

How to earn a doctorate

While  practitioner doctoral programs  teach different skills, they all share common requirements. You’ll need to  complete a bachelor’s degree  in your field and sometimes a master’s degree, depending on program requirements.

After completing the necessary coursework and research, students also typically need to finish a supervised thesis and defend their dissertation or capstone project-specific coursework, research and hands-on labs alongside other students in the same field. However, this will depend on the specific program and its requirements.

What does the title “Dr.” really mean?

The term “doctor” or “Dr.” is commonly used today to describe a wide variety of occupations. Students who complete a doctoral degree can earn the title of “Dr.” even though they earned their credentials in a non-medical field like education or business management.

While a variety of professionals can earn a doctorate, the term is often still  reserved for medical practitioners . In conventional use,  doctors typically refer to medical physicians . However, it is appropriate to use “Dr.” if you graduated from any of the three programs discussed above.  

read similar articles

What is doctoral candidacy?

Practitioner doctoral degree programs at university of phoenix.

While University of Phoenix (UOPX)  does not have  MD or PhD programs, it does offer several professional doctoral degrees that can be earned completely online. Students might choose the UOPX programs because classes are flexible and offered online, and because of the University’s unique “ Scholar-Practitioner-Leader model .”

If you are curious about a doctoral degree, the following programs are available at UOPX:

• Doctor of Business Administration  — This doctorate can help you gain strategic vision and skills to position yourself as a business leader. It explores how to solve organizational problems, how to design and conduct research studies, how to introduce innovative business ideas to the industry and more.
• Doctor of Management   — This doctorate equips you with critical thinking skills to find creative solutions to complex problems.
• Doctor of Education  — This doctoral program prepares you to use analytical, critical and innovative thinking to improve performance and solve complex problems in education.
• Doctor of Health Administration  — If you’re a health professional who is seeking greater responsibility in shaping the future of the health sector, this doctorate can help you meet the challenges inherent to today’s healthcare landscape, including economic fluctuations, burgeoning patient needs and industry-changing legislation.
• Doctor of Nursing Practice  — This doctorate is designed for working nurses who require a doctorate for advanced practice or nurses who desire their terminal degree. It does not prepare students for professional certification or state licensure as a nurse or as an advanced practice nurse.

These doctoral studies are only some of the many options for professionals who want to gain the  highest academic credentials  in their fields. Doctoral programs offer significant benefits to program graduates, including  newly developed skills , insight into field trends, hands-on research opportunities and  leadership capabilities .

Completing a doctoral program is also a strong indication to employers that you’re serious about your career and your field. With so many options for advanced study, these programs are available for most major fields. Even if you have already completed a bachelor’s or master’s degree in your discipline, a doctorate lends further credibility to your reputation and  can help prepare you for a leadership position .

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Michael Feder is a content marketing specialist at University of Phoenix, where he researches and writes on a variety of topics, ranging from healthcare to IT. He is a graduate of the Johns Hopkins University Writing Seminars program and a New Jersey native!

want to read more like this?

List of Skills Needed for Nursing

Online degrees.

August 14, 2023 • 9 minutes

Guide to Postdoctoral Research

June 03, 2023 • 7 minutes

3 Reasons You Should Get a Graduate Degree

September 15, 2021 • 7 minute read

Cookies on GOV.UK

We use some essential cookies to make this website work.

We’d like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services.

We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services.

You have accepted additional cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time.

You have rejected additional cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time.

• Education and learning
• Apprenticeships, 14 to 19 education and training for work

What qualification levels mean

England, wales and northern ireland.

There are 9 qualification levels.

Entry level

Each entry level qualification is available at three sub-levels - 1, 2 and 3. Entry level 3 is the most difficult.

Entry level qualifications are:

• entry level award
• entry level certificate ( ELC )
• entry level diploma
• entry level English for speakers of other languages ( ESOL )
• entry level essential skills
• entry level functional skills
• Skills for Life

Level 1 qualifications are:

• first certificate
• GCSE - grades 3, 2, 1 or grades D, E, F, G
• level 1 award
• level 1 certificate
• level 1 diploma
• level 1 ESOL
• level 1 essential skills
• level 1 functional skills
• level 1 national vocational qualification ( NVQ )
• music grades 1, 2 and 3

Level 2 qualifications are:

• CSE - grade 1
• GCSE - grades 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4 or grades A*, A, B, C
• intermediate apprenticeship
• level 2 award
• level 2 certificate
• level 2 diploma
• level 2 ESOL
• level 2 essential skills
• level 2 functional skills
• level 2 national certificate
• level 2 national diploma
• level 2 NVQ
• music grades 4 and 5
• O level - grade A, B or C

Level 3 qualifications are:

• access to higher education diploma
• advanced apprenticeship
• applied general
• international Baccalaureate diploma
• level 3 award
• level 3 certificate
• level 3 diploma
• level 3 ESOL
• level 3 national certificate
• level 3 national diploma
• level 3 NVQ
• music grades 6, 7 and 8

Level 4 qualifications are:

• certificate of higher education ( CertHE )
• higher apprenticeship
• higher national certificate ( HNC )
• level 4 award
• level 4 certificate
• level 4 diploma
• level 4 NVQ

Level 5 qualifications are:

• diploma of higher education ( DipHE )
• foundation degree
• higher national diploma ( HND )
• level 5 award
• level 5 certificate
• level 5 diploma
• level 5 NVQ

Level 6 qualifications are:

• degree apprenticeship
• degree with honours - for example bachelor of the arts ( BA ) hons, bachelor of science ( BSc ) hons
• graduate certificate
• graduate diploma
• level 6 award
• level 6 certificate
• level 6 diploma
• level 6 NVQ
• ordinary degree without honours

Level 7 qualifications are:

• integrated master’s degree, for example master of engineering ( MEng )
• level 7 award
• level 7 certificate
• level 7 diploma
• level 7 NVQ
• master’s degree, for example master of arts ( MA ), master of science ( MSc )
• postgraduate certificate
• postgraduate certificate in education ( PGCE )
• postgraduate diploma

Level 8 qualifications are:

• doctorate, for example doctor of philosophy ( PhD or DPhil )
• level 8 award
• level 8 certificate
• level 8 diploma

Related content

Is this page useful.

• Yes this page is useful
• No this page is not useful

Help us improve GOV.UK

Don’t include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details.

To help us improve GOV.UK, we’d like to know more about your visit today. We’ll send you a link to a feedback form. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Don’t worry we won’t send you spam or share your email address with anyone.

Undergraduate vs Postgraduate: What’s the Difference?

In General , University by Think Student Editor March 13, 2024 1 Comment

University study is full of exciting opportunities and can be a refreshing experience completely different from anything students have done before. However, with all these new concepts come lots of terminology which students are often unfamiliar with, which can make it hard to understand what to research when looking at universities. The difference between undergraduate and postgraduate degrees is a commonly confused concept. However, in this article we will explain, with examples, these key concepts, to help you understand exactly what the differences between undergraduate and postgraduate studies is.

An undergraduate degree is typically studied just after finishing high school or college. They focus on a broad subject area, but typically within one discipline such as Psychology, or Mathematics. The most common type of undergraduate degree is a bachelor’s, but some may also undertake a foundation year to prepare them for this level of study.

Postgraduate degrees are often more research focussed and are undertaken after finishing a bachelor’s degree. They have a narrower focus and can include Master’s and Doctorates.

While this should have given you a short answer to your questions about postgraduate and undergraduate degrees, please read on for further key information and examples on this topic.

Table of Contents

What is an undergraduate degree?

An undergraduate degree is usually the academic qualification taken by those continuing education after high school or college. They are usually a first degree and are studied at university. These degrees can be studied either with honours or without, with an honour’s degree (hons.) having more in-depth courses and standards, as well as usually allowing a greater degree of specialisation within the course.

The most common undergraduate degree is a Bachelor’s. It involves studying one (single honours) or two (double honours) subjects in detail, across the whole subject. For example, you may take a psychology degree and cover many different areas within the whole field of psychology.

There are several types of bachelor’s degree, depending on what subject you study. These are denoted by letters: Arts (BA), Science (BSc), Education (Bed), Engineering (BEng), Law (LLB), Medicine or Surgery (MB ChB). Some Scottish universities also award MA for an undergraduate degree; however, these qualifications are still equivalent to a bachelor’s degree.

A bachelor’s degree typically takes 3 years of full-time study to achieve, or 4 years with a year abroad or placement year. Some other subjects, such as medicine, may take 5-6 years to complete. However, some universities, particularly those in Scotland, may have 4-year degrees as standard, particularly on honours courses.

For more information on what an undergraduate degree is, please visit this Think Student article.

Who can take an undergraduate degree?

Undergraduate degrees are most commonly taken by high school leavers. This means students who have just finished their A-Levels or BTEC qualifications or have finished those qualifications then taken a gap year.

Furthermore, these students must meet entry requirements to get on the undergraduate degree course. This usually takes the form of certain grades being required in the qualification the student previously studied . The grades needed will vary widely from course to course, so check out the course you are interested in for more information.

However, these are of course not the only people who can take an undergraduate degree. Mature students are any students who are over the age of 21 when beginning their degree course and are becoming increasingly common in UK universities. The entry requirements for mature students may be different, taking into account experience of a career or earlier education experience.

Many people who find they cannot yet get into a bachelor’s degree course, for example if they are unable to meet entry requirements, choose to take a foundation year first to give them the qualifications they need. More on this option is explained below.

What other types of undergraduate degree are there?

The bachelor’s degree, as discussed above, is definitely the most common undergraduate course. However, there are a few variations of the bachelor’s, as well as other courses which are taken before a bachelor’s graduation which therefore count as undergraduate study.

Firstly, some courses are known as integrated master’s courses. This is a 4-year course which begins with a bachelor’s degree, but the final year of study is a master’s level qualification so is technically a postgraduate year.

A foundation year course is an introductory year which bridges the gap between high school and a bachelor’s degree. These are usually taken by students who do not meet the entry requirements for a bachelor’s degree yet, to help them gain the skills they would need to succeed on a bachelor’s course. This is a stepping stone to taking a degree, so is considered an undergraduate course.

Finally, a foundation degree (FdA or FdSc) is a qualification focussed more on practice-based learning than a bachelor’s . They are typically considered equivalent to the first 2 years of a bachelor’s degree and are a mix of academic study and practical experience in the workplace. Students can go on after this course to complete a “top up degree” which is equivalent to gaining the 3 rd year of the course, to upgrade their qualification to a full bachelor’s degree level.

For more information about foundation years and degrees, please visit this article by Think Student.

What is a postgraduate degree?

A postgraduate degree is any degree taken after a bachelor level . This is why it is called “post-graduate” – the graduation from a bachelor’s is often considered a pre-requisite to entry, and these degrees tend to follow on from studies done at that level.

Postgraduate degrees allow students to specialise in a smaller area of focus than at undergraduate level. The focus is most often on a specific area of the subject they studied as an undergraduate. However, conversion courses (which allow you to change to a different subject, such as law) are also available.

Postgraduate degrees can be similar to undergraduate degrees, being “taught” courses. These have lectures, tutorials, labs and supervisions in a similar to structure to what students have experienced before. Master’s degrees, postgraduate certificates and diplomas tend to follow these structures.

However, some courses at this stage are more about independent work, and are known as “research” courses . Students are guided by a tutor or professor to conduct their own academic research into a personal area of interest related to their field of study. Doctorates (PhD) and some master’s courses follow this structure.

For more information on what a postgraduate degree is, please see this Think Student guide.

What types of postgraduate degree are there?

Similar to undergraduate degrees, there are different classifications available of different types of degrees at this level.

Firstly, master’s degrees are the most often studied postgraduate courses. They are usually the first course taken after a bachelor’s degree. The classifications include: arts (MA), Science (MSc), Education (MEd), Research (MRes), Philosophy (MPhil), Business (MBA), and Law (LLM).

Typically, those wanting to study a PhD must first complete a master’s degree. A master’s typically takes one year to complete and is studied full time.

Conversion courses are another type of postgraduate qualification. These allow students to step into a different field of study than they took at undergraduate level, and help open up careers options to students. Some of the most common include Law conversion courses, Journalism courses, and teaching qualifications such as PGCE.

Finally, a doctorate is the highest qualification level available to students. It involves both research and academic learning, with a strong focus on creating an original research project called a thesis. There are two common types of doctorate, academic (which focusses on original research to expand a subject area – PhD and DPhil) and professional (which involve more practical learning alongside this – MD (Medicine), EngD (Engineering), and DClinPsy (Clinical Psychology).

A doctorate takes three to four years to complete if studying full time, and is usually done alongside teaching responsibilities in your department at the university.

More information on the different types of degree course at both undergraduate and postgraduate level can be found here , from the Complete University Guide.

Who can take a postgraduate degree?

Postgraduate degrees are only open to those who have completed a bachelor’s degree . Most will ask for this to be in a related subject, although some are more flexible about changing between courses, for example between social sciences such as moving from psychology to sociology.

For a master’s degree, most students will be expected to achieve at least a 2:2 in their bachelor’s. Some courses will require even higher grades than this, depending on how competitive the course you are applying for is. To find this out, check out the admissions page of the university you are applying to.

To apply for a doctorate, at least a 2:1 bachelor’s degree in a relevant subject is considered essential. Most PhD programs also expect you to have completed a master’s degree, to develop your research skills, and you may be asked to submit evidence of prior research. Furthermore, you will need to submit a research proposal of what you plan to study for your thesis and may have to undertake interviews around your research.

How hard is it to get a 2:1