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The research process

2000, Retrieved February

The research process involves six distinct phases, although they are not always completely linear, since research is iterative (earlier phases influence later ones, while later ones can influence the earlier phases). Perhaps one of the most important characteristics of a good researcher is the unwillingness to take shortcuts, to rush through the research. It is important to keep an open mind to recognize changes that must be accommodated to ensure the reliability and validity of the research.

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Marion Joppe

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University Professor Emerita in the School of Hospitality, Food and Tourism Management; Graduate Faculty, University of Waterloo and Griffith University (Australia); Visiting Professor at MCI (Austria), Shandong University (PRC) and Huaqiao University (PRC); Past President of the Travel and Tourism Research Association International and Past President of the Canada Chapter, Chair of the Ontario Tourism Marketing Partnership's Metrics Committee, and member of the World Tourism Organization Panel of Tourism Experts.

Marion was born in (the former East) Germany and came to Canada as a teenager, completing her secondary and undergraduate education in Stratford and at the University of Waterloo. Before joining the faculty of the School of Hospitality and Tourism Management as its Director in 2003, Marion’s career took her to numerous countries in North America and Europe in the pursuit of industry and government experience as well as an advanced education. She returned to Canada in 1988 to join the provincial government as its Senior Policy Advisor for Tourism before becoming a faculty member with Ryerson University’s School of Hospitality and Tourism Management. Marion teaches courses in tourism policy and planning, sustainability and low carbon tourism as well as theories of tourism at the undergraduate and graduate levels, at the University of Guelph and abroad. Although she retired at the end of 2021, she remains active as a sessional instructor and guest lecturer internationally as well as in supervising graduate student research.

1983 Centre Des Hautes Etudes Touristiques, Université d’Aix-Marseille III, Aix-en-Provence, France, Ph.D. in Law and Economics of Tourism; 1979 Centre Des Hautes Etudes Touristiques, Université d’Aix-Marseille III, Aix-en-Provence, France, Diplôme D’Études Appliquées (Masters) in Law and Economics of Tourism; 1976 Department of Human Kinetics and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada, Hon.B.A. in Recreation in Leisure Studies.

Marion is the recipient of a number of research awards, including the:

• Lifetime Achievement Award, Travel and Tourism Research Association International
• Society of Incentive and Travel Executives Foundation;
• Ontario Hostelry Institute Ontario Hostelry Institute ( see The Research Process )
• Ontario Accommodation Association; and
• HAFA/HTM Alumni Association.

Areas of research interests cover the planning, development and marketing of sustainable destinations.  She has published papers on policy and governance, which have been shown to be crucial to the long-term success of destinations, whether in urban or rural settings. Overtourism has become a major issue for many popular destinations around the world. Solutions lie in strategic planning not of tourism but rather tourism as a strong contributor to the improvement of quality of life for residents, who must be in control of the future of their home region that is a temporary playground for visitors from around the world.

The Research Process OMAFRA Innovative Best Practices

Selected publications

Gamification in tourism

Tourism policy and governance: Quo vadis?

Productivity Measurement In Tourism: The Need for Better Tools

Human resource management impacts on labour productivity in tourism

A Transformational Journey for Tourism Pedagogy

One Country's Transformation to Spa Destination: The Case of Canada

Drivers of Innovation in Rural Tourism: the Role of  Good Governance and Engaged Entrepreneurs

Economic Contribution of Trade and Consumer Shows - Executive Summary OAA Members make Major Annual Contributions to Ontario's Economy 

Books, monographs and chapters in books

Joppe (2016). "International Tourism Policy" in Siller, H. & Zehrer, A. (eds.). Entrepreneurship und Tourismus, Vienna: Linde Verlag

Gallagher, K. & Joppe, M. (2016). "The Need To Professionalize Estheticians" in Smith, M.K. & Puczko, L. (eds.). Handbook of Health Tourism, Routledge.

Joppe, M. (2013). “Labour and Compensation Structure of the Spa Industry in Canada” in Smith, M. & Puczkó, L. (eds.). Health, Tourism and Hospitality: Spas, Wellness and Medical Travel 2nd edition, Abingdon, UK: Routledge

Joppe, M. (2012). “Policy Approaches to Skills Development in Tourism” in OECD.  Tourism Trends and Policies 2012 . Paris:  OECD Publishing, pp. 87-107

Dodds, R. & Joppe, M. (2005). CSR in the Tourism Industry? A Value-Chain Approach. New York: World Bank.

Joppe, M. & Johan, N. (2005). Cultural-Heritage Tourism: Review of Existing Market Research. Ottawa: FPT Culture/Heritage and Tourism Initiative.

Joppe, M., Martin, D., Shaw, D. & Miyagi, N. (2002). Challenges and Opportunities of Incentive Travel. Toronto: Ontario Tourism Marketing Partnership.

Joppe, M. & Martin, D. (2001). Determining the Return on Investment of Incentive Travel Programs. New York: Society of Incentive Travel Executives Foundation.

Joppe, M. & Martin, D. (2000). The Perception of Winners in the Automobile Sector regarding Incentive Travel Programs. Toronto: Canadian Automobile Dealers Association.

Papers/case studies in refereed journals/conferences

Joppe, M., & Li, X. P. (2016). Productivity measurement in tourism.  Journal of Travel Research, 55 (2), 139-149.

Brooker, E. &  Joppe, M.  (2015). Is Imitation the Best Form of Flattery? Innovation Challenges in Festivals and Events,  Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management,  1-11.

Joppe, M.  & Elliot, S. (2015). A Transformational Journey for Tourism Pedagogy,  Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 15(3),  201-203.

Khazaei, A., Elliot, S. &  Joppe, M.  (2015). An Application of Stakeholder Theory to Advance Community Participation in Tourism Planning: the Case for Engaging Immigrants as Fringe Stakeholders,  Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(07),  1049–1062.

Brooker, E. & Joppe, M. (2013). Developing a tourism innovation typology: Leveraging liminal insights,  Journal of Travel Research,  0047287513497839.

Brooker, E. & Joppe, M. (2013). Rural Tourism: An internal perspective on challenges and innovation,  Journal of Tourism, 14 (1), 31.

Joppe, M. & Yun, D. (2013). Indian Perceptions of Five Long-Haul Pleasure Trip Destinations: Imagery Ratings of Destination Motivators and Interests in Visiting,  Journal of Hospitality & Tourism,  June

Joppe, M., Elliot, S., & Durand, L. (2013). From Ski Market to Ski Traveler: A Multidimensional Segmentation Approach,   Anatolia ,  24 (1), 40-51.

Joppe, M. (2012). “Migrant workers: challenges and opportunities in addressing tourism labour shortages”,  Tourism Management 33(3),  662-671.

Brooker, E., Joppe, M., Davidson, M.C.G., & Marles, K. (2012) Innovation within the Australian outdoor hospitality parks industry,  International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management , 24(5), pp.682 – 700

Joppe, M. (2010). “One Country’s Transformation to Spa Destination: The Case of Canada”,  Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 17;  117-126

Yun, D. & Joppe. M. (2011). “Chinese Perceptions of Seven Long-haul Holiday Destinations: Focusing on Activities, Knowledge, and Interest”,  Journal of China Tourism Research , 7(4), 459-489

Dodds, R. & Joppe, M. (2003). The Application of Ecotourism to Urban Environments,  Tourism,  51 (2), 157-164.

Gibson, A., Dodds, R., Joppe, M. & Jamieson, B. (2003). Ecotourism in the City? Toronto's Green Tourism Association,  International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management ,  15 (6), 324-327.

Dodds, R. & Joppe, M. (2001). Promoting Urban Green Tourism: The Development Of The Other Map Of Toronto,  Journal of Vacation Marketing ,  7 (3), 261-267.

Joppe, M., D. Martin & J. Waalen (2001). Toronto ’s Image as a Destination: A Comparative Importance Satisfaction Analysis by Origin. Journal of Travel Research, 39 (3), 252-260.

Joppe, M. (1996). Sustainable community tourism development revisited. Tourism Management, 17 (7), 475-479.

Conference proceedings (since 2012)

Joppe, M.,  Thomas-Francois, K., & Hayhoe, M.-A., (2016). “University Best Practice and Indigenous Human Rights in Tourism”, Tourism Education Futures Initiative 9, Kamloops, BC, June 26–29, 2016

Shen, Y. &  Joppe, M.  (2016). “Perceived value and value co-creation in tourism context”, Advances in Destination Management Forum, Vail, CO, June 17-19.

Brooker, E. &  Joppe, M.  (2016). “Seeing the World in Black and White: Poststructuralism in Tourism Scholarship”, International Sociological Association’s Research Committee on International Tourism RC50 on  Tourism Paradoxes: Challenges To Scholarship And Practice , Chiang Mai, Thailand, 6-9 April 2016

Yun, D., and  Joppe, M.  (2015). “Competitive Positioning Analysis of Long-Haul Holiday Destinations by Chinese Travellers”, Travel and Tourism Research Association International, June 14-17, 2015, Portland, Ore., 14 p.

Brooker, E. and  Joppe, M.  (2015). “On Binaries in Tourism Scholarship”, Travel and Tourism Research Association International, June 14-17, 2015, Portland, Ore., 8 p.

Shen, Y., Huang, S., Choi, H.-S. C., and  Joppe, M.  (2015). “Not All Chinese Immigrants Are Homogenous: Domestic Travel Behaviour Patterns in Canada”, Travel and Tourism Research Association International, June 14-17, 2015, Portland, Ore., 11 p.

Elliot, S.,  Joppe , M., Maclaurin, T., von Massow, M., Godfrey, K., & Murray, I. (2015). “Innovative Best Practices For Sustainable Tourism In Rural Communities”, ICHRIE Annual Summer Conference & Marketplace, Orlando, Fla., USA, July 29-31, 2015, 9 p.

Liang, J., Huang, S., Choi, H.-W., &  Joppe, M.  (2015). “Determinants of Purchase Intention: Perceived Risk and Perceived Value as a Mediator”, 20th Annual Graduate Conference in Hospitality and Tourism, Tampa, Fla., January 8-10.

Joppe, M.  (2014). The challenges of accurately reflecting productivity in tourism, Travel and Tourism Research Association - Canada Chapter, Yellowknife, NWT, September 24-26, ppt.

Herzog, C.,  Joppe, M.  & Aung, M. (2014). The Pillars of Sustainability in the Full-Service Customer Experience, Graduate Student Symposium, Travel and Tourism Research Association - Canada Chapter, Yellowknife, NWT, September 24-26, ppt.

Liang, J., Huang, S., Choi, H,-W., &  Joppe, M.  (2014). “ Repurchase Intention of Airbnb Consumers: A Conceptualized Model”.  Graduate Student Symposium, Travel and Tourism Research Association - Canada Chapter, Yellowknife, NWT, September 24-26, ppt

Joppe, M., Choi, H.-W., & Lee, W. (2014). Validation and Application of the MEDTOUR Scale: Preliminary Analysis, 45th Travel and Tourism Research Association International Conference, Bruges, Belgium, June 18-20, 6 p.

Khazaie, A., Elliot, S., & Joppe, M. (2014). First Generation Immigrants’ Engagement in Tourism Planning: Case of Rouge National Urban Park in Canada, 45th Travel and Tourism Research Association International Conference, Bruges, Belgium, June 18-20, 10 p. Joppe, M. & Yun, D. (2014). Canadian Perceptions of Seven Long-Haul Holiday Destinations: A Longitudinal Approach, 45th Travel and Tourism Research Association International Conference, Bruges, Belgium, June 18-20, 10 p.

Elliot, S., Squires, K., & Joppe, M. (2014). Collaboration and Commerce: Expanding Destination Management Organization Roles and Responsibilities, 45th Travel and Tourism Research Association International Conference, Bruges, Belgium, June 18-20, 6 p.

Joppe, M., Choi, H.-W., & Elliot, S. (2014). Towards a more accurate evaluation of tourism’s regional economic contribution. 2nd Biannual Forum "Advances in Destination Management”, St. Gallen, Switzerland, June 11-13, 10 p.

Joppe, M., Brooker, E., & Thomas, K. (2013). Does Consensus Preclude Radical Innovation? Travel and Tourism Research Association - Canada Chapter, Ottawa, ON, October 16-18, 9 p.

Khazaie, A., Elliot, S., & Joppe, M., (2013). First Generation Immigrants’ Engagement in Planning for Parks and Protected Areas, Graduate Student Symposium, Travel and Tourism Research Association - Canada Chapter, Ottawa, ON, October 16-18

Joppe, M., Brooker, E., & Thomas, K. (2013). Fostering Innovation in Rural Tourism through Good Governance and Engaged Entrepreneurs, National Extension Tourism (NET) 2013 Conference, Detroit, MI, August 6-9, 8 p.

Khazaie, A., Elliot, S., & Joppe, M., (2013). A Qualitative Study of Immigrants’ Engagement in Park Planning: The Case of the Proposed Rouge Urban National Park in Canada, TTRA International Student Colloquium, June 20, 5 p.

Elliot, S. & Joppe, M. (2013). Innovative Performance Measures to assess Destination Competitiveness. TTRA International Conference, June 20-23, 5 p.

Joppe, M., Elliot, S., Choi, H.-W., & Khazaie, A. (2012). Benchmarking Economic Growth in Ontario’s Regional Tourism Organization Four, Symposium on Performance Measurement in Tourism, Montreal, Sept., 9 p. modified version also presented at TTRA-Canada Conference, Winnipeg, October 2012.

Thomas, K. & Joppe, M. (2012). Innovation and Creativity in Tourism for Sustainable Rural Development, Wilfrid Laurier University “Big Ideas in Rural Setting” Conference, Sept 27-29

Brooker, E. & Joppe, M. (2012). Developing Wellness Tourism in Rural Settings: Different from the Rest, Wilfrid Laurier University “Big Ideas in Rural Setting” Conference, Sept 27-29,

Professional activities

Marion currently teaches courses in responsible tourism policy and planning, internatiional policy, sustainability and low carbon tourism as well as theories of tourism at the undergraduate and graduate levels, at the University of Guelph and abroad.

Area of Research

A method for synthesis of “soft” and “super-soft” control laws for final states of dynamic systems

• Systems Theory and General Control Theory
• Published: 17 February 2013
• Volume 52 , pages 1–15, ( 2013 )

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• G. N. Razorenov 1  

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The problem of synthesis of control laws for final states of dynamic systems in non-conventional state is considered, when, together with the boundary conditions for the parameters of the system state, boundary conditions for control actions are given. Control laws providing zero values of control actions at the terminal time instant are called laws of soft control. Control laws that provide zero values of not only control actions at the terminal time instant, but also of a number of their successive derivatives with respect to time are called laws of super-soft control. The practicability of application of these laws in control algorithms of flying vehicles and of objects of other types was shown in works cited in the references.

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Original Russian Text © G.N. Razorenov, 2013, published in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Teoriya i Sistemy Upravleniya, 2013, No. 1, pp. 3–17.

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Razorenov, G.N. A method for synthesis of “soft” and “super-soft” control laws for final states of dynamic systems. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. Int. 52 , 1–15 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064230712060111

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Received : 15 July 2011

Accepted : 19 April 2012

Published : 17 February 2013

Issue Date : January 2013

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064230712060111

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Joppe, M. (2000). The Research Process. http://www.ryerson.ca/~mjoppe/rp.htm

has been cited by the following article:

TITLE: English Language Cultural Schema and Its Relationship to Saudi Secondary School Students’ Local Cultural Schema and to Their Attitudes towards Reading and Comprehension in English: A Case Study of Al-Ahsa Educational Zone, Saudi Arabia

KEYWORDS: Target Language , Cultural Background , Reading and Comprehension , Saudi Students , Native Language

JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Modern Linguistics , Vol.11 No.6 , December 6, 2021

ABSTRACT: Of all language skills (reading, writing listening and speaking), the reading skill needs to be put into consideration and given a special care. No doubt that the students’ future academic success in majors that adopt English as medium of instruction, mainly depends on a good reading and comprehension. Although reading is described by many as a receptive skill which requires knowledge of the language system of the target language as well as knowledge of the cultural schema of that language. This study aimed at discussing the relationship between the target language cultural background and the native language cultural background of the Saudi secondary school students. A total of thirty-two secondary school students studying at Imam Ja’afar Al-Sadiq Secondary School in Al-Ahas Educational Zone participated in that study. Participants were homogeneous in terms of age (16 - 19 years), gender (male), cultural background (the Saudi culture), and the native language (Arabic). Data were collected using a questionnaire. The results of the study show that the value of the (t) test is 2.909 with the value of freedom od (df) 31 and sig (2-tailed) of 0.007 less than 0.05. This indicates that there is statistically significant difference between the target language cultural background and the native language cultural background of the Saudi secondary school students which affect their target language reading and comprehension. The study findings confirm the previous studies. It recommends some strategies and activities for the Saudi EFL teachers.

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