thesis statement about fahrenheit 451

Fahrenheit 451 Themes – Themes and Examples

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Fahrenheit 451 Themes Overview

This novel takes place in an American city during the 24th century. The specifics of the setting are intentionally left out by author Ray Bradbury to enhance the overall themes and messages of the story.

The obscurity also hints that a dystopian scenario such as the one illustrated in the novel could happen anywhere in the country. Furthermore, it could happen in other countries similar to the United States, such as England. The only specifics that the author gives about the setting of the novel indicate that this city is likely somewhere in the heartland of America—perhaps the Midwest.

This shows that a dystopian society could happen in even the most unassuming locations rather than the typical scenes of fictional disasters such as New York, NY. The ambiguity about the time in which the novel takes place achieves a similar effect—a disastrous future may not be as far off as we might like to believe.

Fahrenheit 451 Themes

Here’s a list of major themes in Fahrenheit 451 .

• Censorship.
• Knowledge vs. Ignorance.
• Dissatisfaction.

Censorship as a Tool of Oppression

Most people, even given the opportunity, do not feel comfortable with literature. Instead, they prefer the stimulating and colorful world given to them from the televisions and the stories crafted for them in their radio headsets. Whereas reading symbolizes choice—the choice to put down and pick up a story at one’s leisure, the radios and TVs symbolize control—people are bombarded with messages from these mediums at all times.

Knowledge vs. Ignorance

Knowledge vs. Ignorance – The struggle that all people essentially face in this dystopian society is that of knowledge vs. ignorance. Knowledge, naturally, brings problems to those who seek it in a society that wants people to simply remain ignorant and to just comply with what is proposed for them.

Those who maintain ignorance are able to find that life is, in a real sense, easier. However, they sacrifice their creativity and individuality just for simplicity’s sake. For example, Mildred, Montag’s wife, keeps taking too many sleeping pills, and these instances are interpreted as suicidal acts, however passive. At the end of the day, however, Mildred is happy to turn in her husband and move on with her life in front of a television set rather than to upset the status quo and deal with the challenges of that.

The Dangers of Dissatisfaction and Ennui

He realizes that he is actually incredibly unhappy and is just living in a state of numb acceptance, ennui. He becomes increasingly more dissatisfied after this. The more personal clarity he experiences, the more he realizes that he has been dissatisfied the whole time. The constant stimulation of fast cars, noisy transportation, ever-running radios and televisions, etc., have all caused him a sort of long-term sensory overload that had him feeling unhappy. However, this was presented as normal to him, so he assumed nothing was wrong.

Dissatisfaction turns to rage for Montag during several occasions, causing him to commit violent acts. He dedicates his life to finding truth and escaping this society-bred unhappiness no matter the costs.

Motifs and Symbols in Fahrenheit 451

One striking motif is paradoxes. Bradbury will often describe something as being one way and then describe it later in a completely contradictory manner. The creation of paradoxes like this serve to warn the reader that things aren’t always as they seem. There may be hidden truths all around.

Religion is another motif that serves a similar purpose. The novel references several different religious items—most frequently, the Bible. In general, Christian values are discussed or used for comparisons quite frequently as the story unfolds. These religious references are complex and serve to create contradictions between reality and what could be.

Another important motif is elements of nature. Nature imagery is used to symbolize innocence, truth, and opportunity. For example, when Montag is inspired by Clarisse, he tilts his head back and opens his mouth to taste the raindrops. This symbolizes that he has gotten a taste of something new and unique—and then he decides he wants to learn more. This transformative experience coincides with nature because nature brings truth. At the end of the novel, Montag flees the city to live out in the country with other individuals who seek truth through art, beauty, philosophy, and literature. Finally, television and radio are another motif that function as an opposite to what elements of nature do. The radios and TV used to brainwash and pacify people are tools of oppression forced upon people. It is impossible to escape their influence, with their messages constantly being broadcast to individuals in their homes, on the subway, etc. They serve to blind people to the truth.

See also Symbolism in Fahrenheit 451 .

Fahrenheit 451 Summary, Analysis, and Essay Example

Ray Bradbury’s classic 1953 book Fahrenheit 451 is one of the most renowned novels of the 20th century. It stands alongside such classics as Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and George Orwell’s 1984. This Fahrenheit 451 analysis takes a look at its author, characters, themes, quotes, and movie adaptation.

Ray Bradbury Bio

Ray Douglas Bradbury was born in Waukegan, Illinois, on August 22, 1920. His parents, Esther Bradbury and Leonard Spaulding Bradbury gave Ray his middle name in honor of the actor Douglas Fairbanks. Ray’s aunt would often read to him during his childhood. This influence can be seen in his works, where he highlights major themes of censorship, the importance of books, and accepting the history that can no longer be changed.

Ray Bradbury has loved reading since he was a young man. He often visited the library and read the works of Jules Verne, Edgar Alan Poe, and H. G. Wells. Ray published his first story titled Hollerbochen’s Dilemma when he was only 18 years old. While not popular with readers, it showcased the young writer’s potential.

Bradbury continued to hone his skills, and they paid off nearly two decades later. Some of the greatest Ray Bradbury books include Fahrenheit 451, Dandelion Wine, and The Illustrated Man. His first collection of short sci-fi stories dubbed The Martian Chronicles was released in 1950. To this day, Fahrenheit 451 remains one of his most well-known works.

In the mid-1980s, he was a host and writer for The Ray Bradbury Theater. This was an anthology series that ran on HBO and the First Choice Superchannel in Canada. Bradbury personally wrote for all 65 episodes. They were based on his own short stories and novels.

Fahrenheit 451: Analysis

Ray Bradbury Fahrenheit 451 continues to fascinate readers with its timeless themes of freedom, censorship, dystopian society, and wilful ignorance years after its release. Bradbury paints a portrait of a hedonistic society that doesn’t care about its lifestyle and doesn’t want change. 

Fahrenheit 451 analysis closely centers around the main character torn between his professional loyalties and growing discontent with the status quo. It’s a timeless classic that shows how arrogance always leads to downfall.

What Is the Main Idea of Fahrenheit 451?

Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 was strongly influenced by the McCarthy trials. The book is a condemnation of censorship and the persecution of people. It’s a tale of a man’s desire for individuality in a strongly conformist and ignorant society. The story sets in the future, where the American public has become an empty shell.

In this timeline, firemen start fires instead of putting them out. Fahrenheit 451 follows one of the operatives named Guy Montag. He goes on a personal journey from enjoying the book burnings to doubting his actions and wanting nothing to do with them. The majority of his peers have become disconnected from reality.

They are constantly bombarded by sounds and sights produced by the media. This is so persistent that people have no time to think and process what is being transmitted. Montag realizes that he has to desperately try to save what knowledge remains in unburned books. The story is a chilling tale with a dash of hope for the future.

Themes in Fahrenheit 451

Let’s begin our Fahrenheit 451 analysis with the themes. 

• As with all great dystopian novels, Ray Bradbury’s book shows one of the worst outcomes for humanity. Like his previous works, Fahrenheit 451 themes concern the dangers of technological progress. The societal problems faced by the books’ characters stem from the oversaturation of media. 
• The media of Fahrenheit 451 put an emphasis on stimulating the senses with programs that lack real depth. Oppressive society has become totally enthralled by immediate gratification. They lost any interest in books and critical thinking. In a way, technology destroyed the humanity of humans. Yet, it’s not the only dangerous technology.
• One of Fahrenheit 451 themes is the use of censorship to control the masses. Without any books around, governments and media companies found a way to control all information. This causes people to be constantly hooked on the barrage of media. Such things are still done by dictatorships that censor or outlaw books.

This all comes crashing down in the book’s climax. The only reason for the main character’s survival is his voluntary self-exile. Even without the happy ending, Bradbury gives hope that society may still be rebuilt.

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What Are 3 Conflicts in Fahrenheit 451?

There are several major conflicts In the Fahrenheit 451 book.  

• A man versus self - the dilemma Guy Montag faces. He is torn between his past identity and the need to obtain knowledge. 
• Conflicts with others: captain Beatty and his wife, Mildred. 
• Coming to clash with modern society and government. The protagonist doesn’t feel comfortable with any of these factions by the end.

What Is the Main Problem in Fahrenheit 451?

The main conflict of Ray Bradbury Fahrenheit 451 stems from the fact that society has become completely dependent on mass media. As a result, it’s no longer interested in the world’s problems. Free thought is forbidden, and literature is destroyed on-site. The overindulgence in technology distracts the population from an impending threat. Guy Montag finds himself to be one of the few people to escape its destructive nature.

There are several Fahrenheit 451 characters essential to the story. 

• Its protagonist Guy Montag is a professional in burning books. Instead of putting out fires, he sets them. All of this is to destroy the unwanted knowledge contained in books. His point of view takes readers into the book’s world.
• Guy Montag is married to Mildred . The protagonist still loves her but finds himself repulsed by her lack of personality. Mildred spends most of the novel glued to a TV screen or listening to the radio. She also enjoys other things that don’t require mental effort or thought.
• Captain Beatty is Guy Montag’s chief and one of the book’s antagonists. Ironically, he’s one of the most educated and well-read Fahrenheit 451 characters. But he uses this knowledge to keep people ignorant and burn books. 
• Clarise McCellan is a teenage girl that lives near Guy and Mildred. Unlike her peers, she’s not yet destroyed by society. In Ray Bradbury Fahrenheit 451, she still has her honesty, curiosity, and courage. Interestingly enough, the character analysis of Jem Finch can be used to understand Clarise’s character better. Hire your personal essay writer at our write my dissertation service .
• Professor Faber is a former English professor who witnessed the decline. Unlike Beatty, he despises society and believes in independent thought. But, unlike the chief, he doesn’t use his knowledge. Instead, he wants to hide away from society.

What Are the Symbols in Fahrenheit 451?

There are several symbols that appear heavily throughout the story. The first is fire . It’s the most evident symbol in the Fahrenheit 451 book. The book’s title refers to the temperature at which the book paper catches fire. Fire is heavily used to describe knowledge, rebirth, and destruction. The element is mostly used as a force of devastation throughout the novel.

Another prominent symbol is that of the salamander . This animal is used as a symbol for firemen in Fahrenheit 451. It’s displayed on their patches and on the fire hoses used to spew fire. Firetrucks are called the Salamander in the novel. The phoenix is displayed on the firemen’s uniforms and symbolizes the cycle of death and rebirth.

Ray Bradbury also uses seashell radio prominently in the story. This is a small radio device that symbolizes the control the media and government have over society. Almost everybody wears them to get a constant flow of information into their mind. Guy’s wife Mildred seems to be listening to seashell radio all the time.

Mirrors are another important part of the novel. They are used to represent seeing your true self and self-awareness. Montag describes Clarisse’s face as being like a mirror. This indicates that Montag notices a part of himself in her.

Motifs in Fahrenheit 451

Fahrenheit 451 analysis reveals several motifs in the novel. Religion appears a lot in Fahrenheit 451. The first book Montag saves from burning ends up being a copy of the Bible. He later discusses the lack of religion and its significance with professor Faber. Guy desperately seeks someone who can explain the content of the book as he feels unable to understand it.

Paradoxes are another important part of Fahrenheit 451. Bradbury has several paradoxical statements in the novel. Primarily they consider the Mechanical Hound and Mildred. For example, Guy believes the room with his wife to be empty at the beginning of the story. This emptiness stems from her being mentally lost in the sea of information.

Ray Bradbury uses nature as a counterpart to technology . It’s used to represent the change in norms the protagonist became used to. Nature also highlights the destructive tendencies of society. For example, modern society made animals symbols of death and darkness. During his conversations with Clarisse, they often referred to nature. Montag even thinks of her to be a part of nature when he first meets her.

Fahrenheit 451 Essay Example

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Why Was Fahrenheit 451 Banned?

So, why was Fahrenheit 451 banned several times? It is the only one of Ray Bradbury's books that suffered that much. This was motivated by a desire to censor its graphic content. Ironically, a story about censorship and government overreach has itself been a subject of these things.

Fahrenheit 451 Summary

Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 book is set in a dystopian future that weaponizes book burning to keep people barred from any knowledge. The novel follows one of the professional book incinerators named Guy Montag. In the beginning, he seems content with his work. But his attitude toward happiness and work soon starts to change.

First, he starts to have daily conversations with his neighbor Clarisse McClellan. She asks him many serious questions instead of spewing pleasantries. The second is when Montag steals his first book from an old woman's house during one of the raids. His firemen force was ordered to destroy the house of an old book hoarder. Instead of leaving the building, the old woman refuses to live in this society, and she sets herself on fire.

Ather these events, Montag questions his beliefs and himself more and more. Montag decides to steal and save more books from incineration. Montag makes an effort and tries to introduce his wife to reading, but she sees no point in it. Montag later contacts a retired literature professor Faber to learn more about books.

He’s first terrified of Montag but agrees to help after Guy starts ripping a book apart. Montag is given a phone device to offer him guidance. Montag’s attempt at reading a book during one of his wife’s TV-watching parties proves disastrous. He’s soon reported to the firemen by Mildred and is ordered to burn his own house down.

Guy does as told, but captain Beatty finds the earpiece and threatens to kill Fabian. This situation forces Montag to kill the chief. He then goes fleeing from the city while being chased by terrifying mechanical killer dogs. Montag escapes and joins a community of former intellectuals. They are aware of the coming war and plan to hide until it ends.

Fahrenheit 451 book ends with the total destruction of the city. But the community’s leader Granger believes it to be a good opportunity to rebuild society all over again. Much like the phoenix rising from its ashes after death, humanity can learn from its mistakes and rebuild anew.

Fahrenheit 451: Movie

In 2018, the novel got its second movie adaptation. It takes place after a second civil war. Much like in the original, in the 2018 Fahrenheit 451 movie, society is kept obedient by drugs and TV news. Everything is being controlled by the government. Television sets are placed in every home and street to keep the population under control. Montag and Captain Beatty are other firemen in Cleveland.

Their job is to hunt down book-collecting rebels. So, Montag burns any books he finds to erase the memory of such individuals. Captain Beatty seems to play both sides. Sometimes he’s helpful or harmful to Montag’s pursuit of knowledge. In the Fahrenheit 451 movie, the central government discovers that rebels want to record every book in existence into DNA.

This DNA will later spread around the world, thus ensuring that books never disappear. But, first, they have to get the DNA to Canada, where there’s no practice of book burning. In this adaptation, Montag’s neighbor Clarisse brings him to a revel hideout. He’s tasked with finding a suitable tracking device for a bird implanted with the DNA.

Montag’s plan is to use a tracking device utilized by the firemen. He succeeds but at the cost of his own life. This is a direct opposite of Montag’s and Beatty’s confrontation in the novel. In the Fahrenheit 451 movie, Guy sacrifices himself for the sake of knowledge.

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There are many Fahrenheit 451 quotes that are essential to the story. They help deliver Bradbury’s message about the dangers of passive entertainment. Yet, several Fahrenheit 451 quotes describe some of the novel’s most important arguments and ideas.

• “It was a pleasure to burn. It was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed.”

This opening sentence tells everything about Montag’s early disposition at the beginning of the story and how Montag feels. It also explains the main motive of the book. Humans prefer to cut corners and find an easy solution instead of investing in anything worth the effort.

• “Serenity, Montag. Peace, Montag. Take your fight outside. Better yet, into the incinerator.”

This line from firemen, that Beatty tells Montag perfectly summarizes his character. Why bother with anything complex if it can be destroyed and life kept simple? Bradbury uses this line to describe a slippery slope created by accepting an intolerance for ideas.

The novel has a lot of other quotes that you can use as an inspiration for your papers. For example, if you need to write a dissertation, you can view dissertation topics and use one of them. Also, in our blog you can see examples of coursework .

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Themes, Motifs, and Symbols in Fahrenheit 451

• The Albert Team
• Last Updated On: March 1, 2022

Those who are familiar with Ray Bradbury’s short stories will quickly recognize the prominent themes of the novel. Bradbury was never shy about his disdain for society’s reliance on technology, and many of his stories focus either directly or indirectly on the consequences of this reliance. Issues related to identity, knowledge, and government control are often explored alongside technology, and these are the primary thematic topics in  Fahrenheit 451 .

What We Review

Major Themes in Fahrenheit 451

Knowledge and individuality vs. ignorance and conformity.

The overarching theme of  Fahrenheit 451  explores the struggle between man’s desire for knowledge and individuality in a society that expects ignorance and conformity. Supporting themes centered around censorship as a means to control society and the destructive nature of technology are used to amplify the overarching theme.

The story’s protagonist, Guy Montag, is a fireman in a society where firemen no longer put out fires but rather start them in homes known to be hiding books. Though the story opens with an image of Montag appearing to relish the feeling of burning things, it’s not long before he meets Clarisse and is struck by how different she is from everyone else he knows.

Set in a future vision of America, society has become an empty shell of humanity. Having disregarded books and the knowledge contained in them, people have become ignorant, addicted to mass media and the constant barrage of sights and sounds that never stop to allow one to process and think. There is no room for the development of individual identity and ideas. Ideas lead to differences, and differences lead to conflict, which is avoided at all costs. To be different is to be an outcast; society has chosen conformity because life is simpler when everyone is the same.

As Montag’s eyes are opened to the emptiness of his life, he is driven to find greater meaning. Believing that books must contain the knowledge he seeks, Montag allows his life to spiral out of control as he defies the laws he was meant to uphold. His desperation to bring meaning to his life, to rid himself of the ignorance his society accepted, leads him on a tumultuous journey. He must accept that the only way to save himself and humanity is by destroying the world of ignorance and conformity he has been a part of for so long. Bradbury uses one of the most extreme forms of destruction to emphasize the grim reality and fate of a world that allows itself to fall to ignorance and conformity.

Censorship as a Means to Control Society

Though they are long past realizing it, the ignorance of the people in  Fahrenheit 451  allows them to be controlled through censorship. Without books to turn to for knowledge, society has given the government and mass media the power to control all information. Having lost the ability to think for themselves, the people stay electronically connected to media at all times, either through the Seashell Radios in their ears or their immersive parlors with wall-size screens.

The importance of this theme lies within the  how . Bradbury is not only trying to express the danger that comes with censorship and control. He shows how people themselves choose to either retain the right of individuality and knowledge or choose to succumb to the simplicity of a life without thought or the need to make decisions. By choosing knowledge, one can see the difference between manipulation and entertainment. By choosing individuality, one has the power to control their own future.

The Destructive Nature of Technology

As with many of Bradbury’s works,  Fahrenheit 451  contains a not-so-subtle message about the danger that technology poses for humanity. Writing during a time of rapid acceleration in technological capabilities, Bradbury saw how people became captivated by the excitement and entertainment that came with the increased capacity for mass media. In the setting of  Fahrenheit 451 , ignorance, conformity, censorship, and control are all the result of the destructive nature of technology. Captain Beatty explains to Montag how the current role of the fireman started: “The fact is we didn’t get along well until photography came into its own. Then – motion pictures in the early twentieth century. Radio. Television. Things began to have  mass ” (Bradbury 54). The increase in mass media technologies created a desire for quick and easy consumption of entertainment. 

While this entertainment lacks any depth, it stimulates the senses, and society has become addicted to the immediate satisfaction provided by these forms of entertainment. Reading takes time, thought, and consideration. For a society that has come to desire instant gratification, books have no appeal. When society lost interest in books, it lost its ability to think critically, process ideas, and develop unique ideas, creating an ignorant population with no sense of individual identity. In this way, technology destroyed the capacity to be human.

While technology has destroyed humanity through mass media, Bradbury also includes physically destructive forms of technology. The highly advanced Mechanical Hound is used for hunting down and killing or anesthetizing people. Cars have become tools for reckless danger, as their high-speed capabilities encourage quick thrills that often result in deadly accidents. Advanced weaponry creates the most physically destructive force in the novel, as an atomic bomb wipes out the entire city at the end of the novel. By fleeing the city and ridding himself of his society’s technological tools, Montag can begin his journey to find meaning and purpose in his life.

Motifs and Symbols in Fahrenheit 451

Motifs and symbols are used throughout literature to represent ideas and concepts that help develop the story’s themes. Bradbury weaves many motifs and symbols throughout  Fahrenheit 451  to help bring attention to and emphasize the critical messages he conveys. Motifs related to religion and paradoxes are found throughout the text, and they are often designed to make the reader question various aspects of the society in  Fahrenheit 451 . In contrast, nature imagery helps to illustrate the distinction between Montag’s society and a world untouched by the destructive nature of technology. Symbols are often used to represent the dual purposes of fire, the threat posed by technology, and the importance of self-awareness and identity.

Religion plays a recurring role throughout the text of  Fahrenheit 451 . When the reader first sees Montag stealing a book during a burning, he later discovers that it is a copy of the Bible. The significance of religion, or lack thereof, is discussed when Montag meets with Faber and shows him the Bible. While Faber explains that he is not a religious man, he describes how far removed religion is from the days when the Bible was allowed to exist: 

“Lord, how they’ve changed it in our ‘parlors’ these days. Christ is one of the ‘family’ now. I often wonder if God recognizes his own son the way we’ve dressed him up, or is it dressed him down? He’s a regular peppermint stick now, all sugar-crystal and saccharine when he isn’t making veiled references to certain commercial products that every worshiper absolutely needs.” (Bradbury 81)

When Montag is with Mildred’s friends Mrs. Bowles and Mrs. Phelps, he is reminded of a time in his childhood where he had entered a church and looked at the faces of saints that meant nothing to him. Though he tried to find a way to be a part of the religion, to feel something, he found nothing he could connect to. His frustration with finding someone to help him learn what is in the books leads him to start ripping pages out of the Bible in front of Faber, who finally agrees to help him.

As Montag joins Granger and his group, it is determined that he will be keeper of the Book of Ecclesiastes, as Montag can remember part of this Book, in addition to a small amount of the Book of Revelations. The novel ends with Montag recalling lines from both Books as the group begins their walk back towards the city.

Paradoxes can be complicated ideas to understand. At its core, a paradox is something self-contradictory. Bradbury makes a number of paradoxical statements throughout the text, primarily when describing Mildred or the Mechanical Hound.

At the beginning of the novel, when Montag first arrives home, he hears the hum of the Seashell radio and states that the room is not empty; however, after imagining how his wife lays in bed, lost in the sounds of the Seashell, he changes his description of the room to empty. Calling the room empty, yet knowing his wife is there, is a contradiction to logic. The emptiness is based on the reality that while Mildred might be  physically  in the room, her mind is elsewhere. 

When Montag is arguing about books with Mildred, he says, “I saw the damnedest snake in the world the other night. It was dead but it was alive. It could see but it couldn’t see” (Bradbury 73), recalling the mechanical snake that had pumped the poison from Mildred’s stomach and blood when she overdosed on sleeping pills. These statements help to portray Mildred as an empty shell of a person, a machine appearing to have more life than her.

When first describing the Hound, Montag states, “The Mechanical Hound slept but did not sleep, lived but did not live” (Bradbury 24). When he destroys the Hound that joined the firemen at his home, he refers to it as “the dead-alive thing” (Bradbury 120). Watching a different Hound being televised as it hunted for him, he says, “Out of a helicopter glided something that was not machine, not animal, not dead, not alive, glowing with a pale luminosity” Bradbury 135). In comparing the paradoxical statements made about Mildred, the mechanical snake, and the Mechanical Hound, the reader can see that Bradbury pushes the reader to question what it truly means to be alive.

On a much larger scale, one of the greatest paradoxes in the novel appears in the character of Captain Beatty. Beatty’s character, as a whole, can be seen as a paradox. He seems to relish the knowledge he has gained through his illegal consumption of books, yet he calls a book a loaded gun that he wouldn’t stomach for a minute. His recounting of how books came to be illegal is overwhelmingly patronizing, yet he speaks of his firm commitment to keep society free of books. His tirades  against  books are filled with lines he has snatched from those very same books. He is a contradiction to himself.

Nature imagery is often used in literature to represent both innocence and enlightenment. Nature is a natural counterpart to technology, which permeates the society in  Fahrenheit 451 . Bradbury uses nature imagery to emphasize things that represent a change from the norms that Montag has become so used to and to highlight the destructive force of society as he knows it. When nature is perverted with creations such as the Mechanical Hound, or the electronic-eyed snake used to pump Mildred’s stomach, they become images of darkness and death.

Montag’s interactions with Clarisse occur throughout the first thirty pages of the novel, broken apart by events that are part of his normal, everyday life. These interactions are riddled with references to nature, creating shifting moods each time Clarisse enters and exits Montag’s days. The first time he sees her, she nearly appears to be a part of nature:

“The autumn leaves blew over the moonlit pavement in such a way as to make the girl who was moving there seem fixed to a sliding walk, letting the motion of the wind and the leaves carry her forward. Her head was half bent to watch her shoes stir the circling leaves.” (Bradbury 5)

Clarisse often talks about her joy with the natural world as a contrast to her unsettling descriptions of other kids her age. She is considered antisocial for being so different from her peers and forced to see a psychiatrist, who “wants to know why [she goes] out and hike[s] around in the forests and watch[es] the birds and collect[s] butterflies” (Bradbury 23). Her love of the natural world sets her apart from most others, and Montag grows increasingly fascinated by her. In the short amount of time he knows her, she fills his world with images of the natural world. When she is gone, Montag feels the emptiness of his world:

“And then, Clarisse was gone. He didn’t know what there was about the afternoon, but it was not seeing her somewhere in the world. The lawn was empty, the trees empty, the street empty.” (Bradbury 32)

It fits, then, that Montag’s transformation occurs when he is immersed in nature after fleeing the city. He becomes enlightened by the sights and smells of nature, feeling as though the natural world can truly see him.

Fire serves as one of the most visible symbols in the text. The title of the novel itself,  Fahrenheit 451 , is itself a reference to fire, as it is the temperature at which paper will burn on its own. Bradbury uses fire to symbolize destruction, rebirth, as well as knowledge. The decision to be reborn into a world of knowledge or be destroyed by a self-destructing society is the critical choice that Montag must make.

Fire is most readily seen as a symbol of destruction from the opening line where Montag expresses his pleasure in burning. Books are burned in an attempt to keep society “free” of the harmful knowledge contained in them. The firemen are meant to appear as though they are protecting society through their use of fire, but the reality is that they are using fire to destroy individual identity, ideas, and thoughts. Captain Beatty represents fire as a destructive symbol through his life as a fireman and his death by fire.

The bombing of the city shows how fire serves simultaneously as a symbol of destruction and rebirth. The fire rids the city of all that is wrong with society while cleansing it to be reborn into a new and enlightened place. As knowledge is a form of enlightenment, fire is often placed in areas of the text where knowledge and enlightenment are present, such as at the campfire where Granger brings Montag. References to candlelight are used when Montag thinks about Clarisse and the “snuffing” of a candle when the firemen burn a home with books.

Salamander & Phoenix

The salamander is directly used as the symbol for the firemen in  Fahrenheit 451 . The firemen wear a patch with a salamander; the image of a salamander is etched onto the firehose used to blast kerosene and fire; the firetruck is called the Salamander. Likewise, the image of a phoenix is printed on the front of the firemen’s suits, and Captain Beatty has a phoenix on his hat and drives a Phoenix car.

The symbol of the salamander and the phoenix have been associated with fire since ancient times. Salamanders were believed to be born in fire and could shoot fire from its mouth. Ancient mythology includes stories of the phoenix, devoured by flames only to be reborn in its ashes. As the phoenix also holds a symbolic meaning of rebirth, it is vital to notice the duality of its use with Captain Beatty. He is killed by fire, allowing Montag to be reborn in his ashes. At the end of the novel, Granger looks into the fire and recalls the image of the phoenix, comparing it to humankind.

Seashell Radio

Throughout the text, Montag regularly refers to the Seashells, most often seen in Mildred’s ears. The Seashells are small radio devices nearly everyone in Montag’s society wears to receive constant broadcasts of information. The Seashell Radios symbolize the overt government control of society. While screens provide a regular barrage of media, the Seashell Radios are seen to be worn nearly 24/7 by Mildred and likely most of society. Even in sleep, the Seashells are broadcasting a constant stream of media. This continuous stimulation works to distract people from thinking or clearly notice the reality around them. When Faber gives Montag a Seashell that he had modified for two-way communication, it symbolizes a break from the conformity that the government tries to maintain in society.

Mirrors, in the literal sense, reflect oneself. Symbolically, mirrors are used to represent self-awareness and seeing one’s true self. The reference to a mirror is first used immediately following Montag’s introduction to Clarisse. He describes her face as being like a mirror, surprised to find someone that “refracted your own light to you” (Bradbury 11), indicating that Clarisse had recognized a part of his true self.

When the bombs fall on the city at the end of the novel, Montag imagines he hears Mildred screaming after seeing her true self in a mirror in a fraction of the moment just before the bombs consumed her. He imagines that “it was such a wildly empty face, all by itself in the room, touching nothing, starved and eating itself, that at last she recognized it as her own” (Bradbury 159-160). As the novel closes, Granger states, “Come on now, we’re going to build a mirror factory first and put out nothing but mirrors for the next year and take a long look in them” (Bradbury 164), suggesting that part of being reborn requires one to truly see oneself.

Wrapping U p

Authors always have a purpose for their writing. The messages embedded in a story often provide an important lesson or insight about life. Bradbury felt an urgent need to send a message about the fears he saw manifested in the world around him.  Fahrenheit 451  is his message to humanity about the importance of knowledge and identity in a society that can so easily be corrupted by ignorance, censorship, and the tools designed to distract from the realities of our world.

Works Cited

Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451 . Simon and Schuster, 1950.

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Fahrenheit 451 Themes and Literary Devices

• B.A., English, Rutgers University

Ray Bradbury’s 1953 novel Fahrenheit 451 addresses complex themes of censorship, freedom, and technology. Unlike most science fiction, Fahrenheit 451 does not view technology as a universal good. Rather, the novel explores the potential for technological advancement to make humans less free. Bradbury investigates these concepts with a straightforward writing style, employing several literary devices that add layers of meaning to the story.

Freedom of Thought vs. Censorship

The central theme of Fahrenheit 451 is the conflict between freedom of thought and censorship. The society that Bradbury depicts has voluntarily given up books and reading, and by and large the people do not feel oppressed or censored. The character of Captain Beatty provides a concise explanation for this phenomenon: the more people learn from books, Beatty tells Montag, the more confusion, uncertainty, and distress arises. Thus, the society decided that it would be safer to destroy the books—thus restricting their access to ideas—and occupy themselves with mindless entertainment.

Bradbury shows a society that is clearly in decline despite its technological advances. Montag’s wife Mildred , who serves as a stand-in for society at large, is obsessed with television, numbed by drugs, and suicidal. She is also frightened by new, unfamiliar ideas of any kind. The mindless entertainment has dulled her ability to think critically, and she lives in a state of fear and emotional distress.

Clarisse McClellan, the teenager who inspires Montag to question society, stands in direct opposition to Mildred and the other members of society. Clarisse questions the status quo and pursues knowledge for its own sake, and she is exuberant and full of life. The character of Clarisse offers hope for humanity explicitly because she demonstrates that it is still possible to have freedom of thought.

The Dark Side of Technology

Unlike many other works of science fiction, the society in Fahrenheit 451 is made worse by technology. In fact, all the technology described in the story is ultimately harmful to the people who interact with it. Montag’s flamethrower destroys knowledge and causes him to witness terrible things. The huge televisions hypnotize their viewers, resulting in parents with no emotional connection to their children and a population that cannot think for itself. Robotics are used to chase down and murder dissenters, and nuclear power ultimately destroys civilization itself.

In Fahrenheit 451 , the only hope for the survival of the human race is a world without technology. The drifters that Montag meets with in the wilderness have memorized books, and they plan to use their memorized knowledge to rebuild society. Their plan involves only human brains and human bodies, which represent ideas and our physical ability to implement them, respectively.

The 1950s saw the initial rise of television as a mass medium for entertainment, and Bradbury was very suspicious of it. He saw television as a passive medium that required no critical thinking the way reading did, even light reading done just for amusement. His depiction of a society that has given up reading in favor of the easier, more mindless engagement with television is nightmarish: People have lost their connection to one another, spend their time in a drugged dreamland, and actively conspire to destroy great works of literature—all because they are constantly under the influence of television, which is designed to never disturb or challenge, only to entertain.

Obedience vs. Rebellion

In Fahrenheit 451 , the society at large represents blind obedience and conformity. In fact, the characters of the novel even assist their own oppression by voluntarily banning books. Mildred, for example, actively avoids listening to or engaging with new ideas. Captain Beatty is a former book lover, but he, too, has concluded that books are dangerous and must be burned. Faber agrees with Montag's beliefs, but he is fearful of the repercussions of taking action (though he ultimately does so).

Montag represents rebellion. Despite the resistance and danger he faces, Montag questions societal norms and steals books. However, it's important to note that Montag's rebellion is not necessarily pure of heart. Many of his actions can be read as resulting from personal dissatisfaction, such as angrily lashing out at his wife and attempting to make others see his point of view. He does not share the knowledge he gains from the books he hoards, nor does he seem to consider how he might help others. When he flees the city, he saves himself not because he foresaw the nuclear war, but because his instinctive and self-destructive actions have forced him to run. This parallels his wife’s suicide attempts, which he holds in such contempt: Montag’s actions are not thoughtful and purposeful. They are emotional and shallow, showing that Montag is a much a part of society as anyone else.

The only people shown to be truly independent are the drifters led by Granger, who live outside of society. Away from the damaging influence of television and the watching eyes of their neighbors, they are able to live in true freedom—the freedom to think as they like.

Literary Devices

Bradbury’s writing style is florid and energetic, giving a sense of urgency and desperation with lengthy sentences containing sub-clauses that crash into each other:

“Her face was slender and milk-white , and it was a kind of gentle hunger that touched over everything with a tireless curiosity . It was a look of almost pale surprise ; the dark eyes were so fixed to the world that no move escaped them.”

Additionally, Bradbury uses two main devices to convey an emotional urgency to the reader.

Animal Imagery

Bradbury uses animal imagery when describing technology and actions in order to show the perverse lack of the natural in his fictional world—this is a society dominated by, and harmed by, a total reliance on technology over the natural, a perversion of the ‛natural order.’

For example, the opening paragraph describes his flamethrower as a ‛great python’:

“It was a pleasure to burn. It was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed. With the brass nozzle in his fists, with this great python spitting its venomous kerosene upon the world, the blood pounded in his head, and his hands were the hands of some amazing conductor playing all the symphonies of blazing and burning to bring down the tatters and charcoal ruins of history.”

Other imagery also compares technology to animals: the stomach pump is a snake and the helicopters in the sky are insects. Additionally, the weapon of death is the eight-legged Mechanical Hound. (Notably, there are no living animals in the novel.)

Repetition and Patterns

Fahrenheit 451 also deals in cycles and repeated patterns. The Firemen’s symbol is the Phoenix, which Granger eventually explains in this way:

“There was a silly damn bird called a Phoenix back before Christ: every few hundred years he built a pyre and burned himself up. He must have been first cousin to Man. But every time he burnt himself up he sprang out of the ashes, he got himself born all over again. And it looks like we're doing the same thing, over and over, but we've got one damn thing the Phoenix never had. We know the damn silly thing we just did.”

The ending of the novel makes it clear that Bradbury views this process as a cycle. Humanity progresses and advances technology, then is destroyed by it, then recovers and repeats the pattern without retaining the knowledge of the previous failure. This cyclical imagery pops up elsewhere, most notably with Mildred’s repeated suicide attempts and inability to remember them as well as Montag’s revelation that he has repeatedly stolen books without doing anything with them.

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• Fahrenheit 451 Summary
• Why Fahrenheit 451 Will Always Be Terrifying
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• Censorship and Book Banning in America
• Controversial and Banned Books
• Fahrenheit 451 Vocabulary
• Figures of Speech: The Apostrophe as a Literary Device
• Speak by Laurie Halse Anderson
• Biography of Ray Bradbury, American Author
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Fahrenheit 451

Introduction to fahrenheit 451.

Fahrenheit 451 is a dystopian novel , written by an American author, Ray Bradbury . It was published in the United States in 1953 and instantly became a textbook across the globe. Interestingly this novel declared to be a textbook presents the American future society where books have been banned and firemen have been deputed to ensure their burning. The novel presents the story of Guy Montag, a fireman, who becomes disenchanted by his work of burning books and censoring them before starting his task. Eventually, he gives up this job, thinking preservation of knowledge a moral option for him. The storyline of the novel won various awards for its uniqueness, bringing recognition to the author and awards such as the American Academy Award and Prometheus Hall of Fame Award with several others. The novel also became a film adaptation under the same name in 1966 and 2018.

Summary of Fahrenheit 451

The story opens with Guy Montag engaged in his work of burning books. Society now does not need books as people have stopped reading them because the Government has banned the books to control the public opinions and the offense they were creating among the people for the content written by the writers. They rather enjoy nature and spend time in enjoyments and conversation. They also take time for long drives in high speed and watch televisions or listen to Seashell radio sets attached to them. Also, the state was under the threat of atomic bombings and war.

During his work of burning books, Montag comes across a young girl, his neighbor Clarisse McClellan. She has a very powerful impact on him due to her innocent questions and love for nature. She shows him the other side of life and love. In the next few days, he goes through several disturbing experiences in that his wife tries to take her life by taking pills but fortunately paramedics save her by using the modern technology who arrive at the scene, showing no empathy because that was their everyday job, and then he finds another old woman having a literary treasure hidden in her building and still another wanting to burn with her with the books when he reaches to eliminate them. However, before burning the books he steals a book from the old woman’s library. When he contacts Clarisse, he comes to know about her accident in which she had died. It further dissatisfies him with his work as well as life and he starts thinking about the solution of books he has stolen and hidden in the vent to read them in leisure.

Montag refuses to go to work the next day. Soon Montag starts to play truant and his captain, Beatty, sensing something fishy, reaches him. He advises him about his thoughts regarding books and tells him that it is normal to think out of routine but his monologue rather further disturbs Montag’s confused mind. His argument that the first ban was slapped after some groups objected to some books does not go down well with Montag. It also does not seem appropriate to him when Beatty said that an overall ban was imposed on books after some time. Finally, society started banning books and the final order came in the shape of the burning of all of the books having conflicting arguments in them. He also permits Montag to keep books for a day and then return after having a glance at their pages and Montag takes a night to see what those books have in them. Overwhelmed by reading, he sees that his wife is engaged in watching television and thinks about a retired English professor, Faber, and decides to meet him to help him understand the reading. Faber, then, briefs him about the value of books and the enjoyment that provide during leisure. With his help, Montag starts thinking about changing the status quo and making a plan to proliferate such books to the firemen in its first phase. They also have a radio set for two-way communication to hide their plan.

When Montag reaches the professor, he sees friends of his wife watching television and having a chitchat about families and war. He becomes furious over their casual manner and starts reading Matthew Arnold’s Dover Beach even though when Faber calls him not to do so. Meanwhile, Mildred tells him that the firemen read poetry to discredit books, while women flee seeing his interest in books. Thinking about books, he reaches office and hands over books to his chief, Beatty, who bombards him with contradictory ideas from literature to discredit books. Suddenly, they find the alarm bells calling them to Montag’s house at which he feels the treachery of his wife about informing the office regarding the presence of books. After Montag completes this task of burning his own house, Beatty still does not stop berating him, incensing him to the point that he turns the flamethrower at him. Meanwhile, the Mechanical Hound injects an anesthetic on his leg, yet Montag destroys it with the flamethrower and manages to flee with some of his books. A fireman’s ranch becomes his hideout from where he calls his friend Faber.

When finally, they meet, Faber informs him about the hunting expedition launched to track him down. As Faber is going to St. Louis in search of a printer, Montag requests him to eliminate his smell from the house to mislead the sniffers. Meanwhile, he learns from the news that another man has been killed in his name by the hound just to create fear in the hearts of the people to let them know how drastic measures the State would take if anyone went against it. Taking Faber’s clothes, he leaves the ranch toward the river from where he goes downstream and finds a group led by Granger. The book lovers welcome his addition to the group as a memorizer of books in the event of the war just going to be declared. He was assigned to memorize the book of Ecclesiastes. They soon find jets zooming on their heads and themselves finding more friends to lay the foundation of a new civilization with the help of memorized books. The story ends with the reference to the poem by William Blake’s ‘ The Tyger : Tyger Tyger, burning bright, In the forests of the night…Could frame thy fearful symmetry?’ explaining the evolution of Montag’s fire as a symbol of both creation and destruction.

Major Themes in Fahrenheit 451

• Censorship: Censorship is the major theme of the novel with the impending issue of knowledge gained by people and the role of books in the transformation of an individual as well as a society. Guy Montag’s role of burning the books through a complete setup exposes the role of the books. The burning of the house of the Old Woman for keeping books shows that the new government does not tolerate books that play a disruptive role in society. This ruthless censorship goes on until Montag meets Clarisse who changes his outlook toward books. Finally, when Millie and her friends show their gratification through television programs and absurd conversations, it becomes urgent that censorship be eliminated. However, the meeting of Faber with Montag and their final plan with Granger’s group shows hope that books may bring change in the future civilization.
• Ignorance and Knowledge: The novel shows the significance of knowledge through the character of Guy Montag and Clarisse. Although Montag is engaged in the work of destroying knowledge. It is clear that destroying books is like destroying knowledge, it also shows that once he becomes confused through Clarisse about his task, he immediately withdraws himself until his boss, Beatty, becomes suspicious and tries to place him under house arrest. In the anti-book, Montag soon runs for his life after his wife seems to have betrayed him. When he finally escapes with the assistance of Faber, he is fighting to save knowledge until he meets Granger whose memorizing task for him is an act, they think, can save the civilization from extinction or that they can rebuild it from scratch.
• Life and Death: Fahrenheit 451 shows the theme of life and death through Mildred, Guy’s wife. She tries to take her own life by committing suicide which makes Montag think deeply about these metaphysical issues due to the impacts of Clarisse. He soon realizes that though Beatty is his supervisor, most of the work is being done by the mechanical machines that can kill or spare anybody without any conscience. When a Mechanical Hound chases him, he runs for his life despite having been injected with anesthesia. It shows that when machines take the life of their own, human beings need to be watchful about their lives as it happens that the same machines run by Guy Montag are after him and he is trying to escape from them. Several other deaths in the novel such as of Clarisse and the Old Woman show that life is in constant transformation as the final world war soon takes the life of its own and ends a few of them to rebuild the world.
• Role of Technology: The novel shows that technology, once breaks the grip of human control, can become catastrophic in that it could end civilization. Although starting from simple dissidence, it soon transpires in the new government that the poison is being spread by books and the elimination of books is possible only through technology. Then Mechanical Hounds are set upon human beings. Guy Montag runs for his life and uses the same technology to stage a coup, though, without any success. His final meeting with Granger and his gang shows that when technology has brought catastrophe , it is the human mind that can save the world through memorization.
• Alienation: The novel shows that when machines take lead, human beings become alienated like Mildred Montag who feels that her life is not only useless but also purposeless. So, she tries to end it by taking pills. Montag also suffers from depression because of the work of burning books that he thinks are taking a toll on his household as the women are only discussing this and nothing in particular. This alienation annoys him more when the Old Woman dies while her house is burning. Soon he finds himself on the run after Mildred betrays him, completing the alienation of human beings.
• Dehumanization: The dehumanization has been shown in the novel through the character of Beatty, Mildred, and other ladies that sit with her to discuss different things. Montag is dehumanized in the beginning but stays skeptical until Clarisse meets him and raises suspicions on his work. It happens that when he sees the Old Woman dying with her books in her own house; Guy’s wife betraying him as he runs for his life after trying to kill Beatty. It appears that Professor Faber has tried to humanize him through books, and it has worked. That is why he finally comes to the point that civilization could be saved through books.
• Power of Books: The power that the books wield is clear from the way Guy Montag shows the transformation in his thinking and subsequent actions after he meets Clarisse. He knows inwardly that the action of keeping books to be declared a crime is not small thinking. His duty of burning the books means that he is depriving others of knowledge. So, it is not just the power of books, but the power of knowledge that he keeping away from others. That is why he joins hands with Professor Faber to save the last remnants of knowledge by memorizing some of them left with the gang.
• Role of Media: The novel shows that media plays a critical role in shaping public thinking. When Guy Montag reaches home, he sees that Millie and all her friends are enjoying life, watching programs and advertisements on their televisions. The access of radio broadcast directed into the ears of the listeners also point to this role of media about feeding the public and showing them what the government wants. This means media is used to make the people think what the elite class at the helm of the affairs wants them to see and think.
• Loss of Individuality: The theme of the loss of one’s identity and individuality is significant in the novel in that Montag feels that he has become a machine while working with machines and that the characters like ‘Character’ are blessed with independent thinking while they are not. On the other hand, his wife, Mildred, and her friends show that they have lost their individuality.
• Passivity: The novel also shows the theme of passivity through Montag, Millie, and her friends. Montag acts quickly to get rid of the role he is playing under this government. However, it seems that all other people are satisfied with their fortune and lack of knowledge.

Major Characters Fahrenheit 451

• Guy Montag: Guy Montag is the protagonist of the novel. He is engaged in burning books, which are considered subversive in the state. As the firefighter, his role involves burning books and not considering emotions as he shows when burning the house of the Old Woman. Despite his initial satisfaction with his duties, he soon comes to a realization about the harmful impacts on society as a whole when he meets Clarisse McClellan. His mental conflict caused by this girl soon leads him to be skeptical of his role, leading him to conspire with Professor Faber and save books. Finally, he has a chance to flee and join a group when the war erupts and starts memorizing books to save civilization from eternal elimination.
• Mildred Montag: Mildred or Millie is Guy Montag’s wife. She plays an important role in showing the world how a regime ignores its own house. The ignorance shown by her and her friends when watching television shows that the main task of Guy Montag is to keep people oblivious to their real situation, though, it turns the table on him when he comes to know about his wife’s aborted suicide. Then his conversation transpires that the regime has become too heavy for such frail souls, as she leads a passive and receptive life, engaged only in sightseeing or getting bored.
• Captain Beatty: As the instrument of the regime, his duty is to captain the firefighters and ensure that they do not rebel against the state. Despite his education and knowledge, he stays loyal and becomes the victim of his loyalty when Montag turns against him. However, his obsession that knowledge causes people to be skeptical stays the same despite this accidental incident. His life takes a turn for the worse as he becomes too dangerous for Guy Montag as he struggles to make Guy accept his orders or send mechanical hounds after him.
• Clarisse McClellan: Clarisse, a young girl, brings a sea change in the behavior of Guy Montag, causing suspicion in his mind about his duty assigned to him by the regime. She bumps into him when going on his duty and impacts his thinking about the collective social oppression through his work of burning books. Her character shows a questioning mind, though, she is ignorant of the real impact of Guy Montag’s work. Her character shows unique individuals who quiz mob following and refuse to go along with the tide.
• Professor Faber: Professor Faber represents knowledge through his support of saving the books. His love for books leads him to form a resistance movement and its success lies in attracting the important state pillar, Guy Montag, who joins him after killing Beatty. Due to his independent thinking and his passion for the increase of knowledge, he soon hooks away Montag and joins a group led by Granger to save the knowledge from extinction.
• Granger: Granger is involved in saving books, a crime considered dangerous for society at this stage. When the Hound chases Montag, he runs away to the drifters where he is assigned a new job by Granger to memorize the books. Granger represents the people who know that the construction of society depends on the rise and continuance of knowledge.
• Old Woman: The Old Woman represents the old generation who loves books and also represents the state oppression against such people who want the continuation of civilization through knowledge and books. Guy Montag burns her house and the lady with it after coming to know that she keeps books, though, he himself steals the Bible when fleeing from the chasing Hound.
• Black and Stoneman: These characters serve as a model of the workers who work sans thinking. They are companions of Montag who flee when Montag threatens them after burning Beatty to death.
• Mrs. Bowels: As Millie’s friend, Mrs. Bowles represents people who only enjoy and leave other things to take care of themselves despite having been widowed twice. She is visiting Millie just to pass her time.
• Mrs. Phelps : Though a minor character in the novel, Mrs. Phelps is engaged in killing her time after losing her third husband. She, however, shows emotional outpouring after listening to poetry from Guy Montag.

Writing Style of Fahrenheit 451

The writing style of Fahrenheit 451 is descriptive, though, it becomes lyrical at some places in the novel. The first few chapters describe the characters of Guy Montag and Clarisse McClellan, including the outlines of their physical features. That is why highly figurative language has been used to make their features prominent. However, when it comes to conversation, the author employs the same technique of presenting the middle-class characters, speaking the chaste language. Overall sentence style and phrases are quite simple and direct, showing the futuristic outlook in simple diction .

Analysis of the Literary Devices in Fahrenheit 451

• Action: The main action of the novel comprises the life of Guy Montag, his responsibilities, his sense of betrayal, and his final efforts to preserve knowledge. The falling action occurs when he kills Beatty for suspecting him, while the rising action occurs when Beatty tries to arrest him but faces the flamethrower and dies.
• Anaphora : The novel shows examples of anaphora such as, i. “No, I don’t want to, this time. I want to hold on to this funny thing. God, it’s gotten big on me. I don’t know what it is. I’m so damned unhappy, I’m so mad, and I don’t know why I feel like I’m putting on weight. I feel fat. I feel like I’ve been saving up a lot of things, and don’t know what. I might even start reading books.” (Part-I) ii. The beetle was rushing. The beetle was roaring. The beetle raised its speed. The beetle was whining. The beetle was in high thunder. The beetle came skimming . The beetle came in a single whistling trajectory, fired from an invisible rifle. (Part-III) iii. It was up to 120 m.p.h. It was up to 130 at least. (Part-III) The examples show the repetitious use of “I don’t want”, “The beetle” and “It was up to.”
• Allusion : The novel shows good use of different allusions as given in the examples below, i. None of those books agree with each other. You’ve been locked up here for years with a regular damned Tower of Babel. Snap out of it! The people in those books never lived. Come on now! (Part-I) ii. The parlour was exploding with sound. “We burned copies of Dante and Swift and Marcus Aurelius.” (Part-I) iii. “Professor Faber, I have a rather odd question to ask . How many copies of the Bible are left in this country?” (Part-II) The first example shows a reference to a historical place, the second to authors, and the third to the Bible.
• Antagonist : Captain Beatty and the regime are the antagonists of the novel as they appear to have tried their best to obstruct all avenues for Guy Montag and Professor Faber to preserve books.
• Conflict : The novel shows both external and internal conflicts. The external conflict is going on between Guy Montag and Beatty as well the regime, while the internal conflict is going on in the mind of Guy Montag about his responsibility and his thinking about the books.
• Characters: The novel shows both static as well as dynamic characters . The young girl, Clarisse and Guy Montag are dynamic characters as they show a considerable transformation in their behavior and conduct by the end of the novel. However, all other characters are static as they do not show or witness any transformation such as Millie, Beatty, Mrs. Phelps, and Faber.
• Climax : The climax in the novel occurs when Beatty tries to burn down the house of Montag. However, he turns the flamethrower on him, turning him into ashes.
• Foreshadowing : The novel shows many instances of foreshadows as given in the below examples, i. It was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed. With the brass nozzle in his fists, with this great python spitting its venomous kerosene upon the world, the blood pounded in his head, and his hands were the hands of some amazing conductor playing all the symphonies of blazing and burning to bring down the tatters and charcoal ruins of history. (Part-1) ii. I wasn’t shouting.” He was up in bed, suddenly, enraged and flushed, shaking. The parlour roared in the hot air. “I can’t call him. I can’t tell him I’m sick. (Part-I) The mention of ruin, shouting, and hot air shows that something is bad going to happen with Montag.
• Hyperbole : The novel shows various examples of hyperboles such as, i. “Classics cut to fit fifteen-minute radio shows, then cut again to fill a two-minute book column, winding up at last as a ten- or twelve-line dictionary resume. I exaggerate, of course. The dictionaries were for reference. (Part-I) ii. Montag stood there and waited for the next thing to happen. His hands, by themselves, like two men working together, began to rip the pages from the book. The hands tore the flyleaf and then the first and then the second page. (Part-II) These examples exaggerate things as classics could not be fitted into such short shows and that hands could not have done everything automatically.
• Imagery : Fahrenheit 451 shows excellent use of imagery . A few examples are given below, i. Her face, turned to him now, was fragile milk crystal with a soft and constant light in it. It was not the hysterical light of electricity but-what? But the strangely comfortable and rare and gently flattering light of the candle. (Part-I) ii. Montag stood looking in now at this queer house, made strange by the hour of the night, by murmuring neighbour voices , by littered glass, and there on the floor, their covers torn off and spilled out like swan-feathers, the incredible books that looked so silly and really not worth bothering with, for these were nothing but black type and yellowed paper, and ravelled binding. (Part-III) These two examples show images of color, sound, and feelings.
• Metaphor : A few examples of various metaphors from the novel are given below, i. Her face was slender and milk-white, and in it was a kind of gentle hunger that touched over everything with tireless curiosity. (Part-I) ii. With the brass nozzle in his fists, with this great python spitting its venomous kerosene upon the world, the blood pounded in his head, and his hands were the hands of some amazing conductor playing all the symphonies of blazing and burning to bring down the tatters and charcoal ruins of history. (Part-II) iii. “It’s flat,” he said, a long time later. “City looks like a heap of baking-powder. It’s gone.” (Part-III) These examples show that several things have been compared directly in the novel such as the first shows her face compared to milk, the second shows the person compared to a robot, and the third shows a city compared to powder.
• Mood : The novel shows various moods; it starts with an intense and gloomy mood but turns somber and serious when the apocalypse seems to engulf the world and becomes optimistic when Guy Montag flees for the preservation of knowledge.
• Motif : Most important motifs of the novel are religion, nature, and paradoxes in life.
• Narrator : The novel is narrated from the third person point of you, who happens to Ray Bradbury, the author himself.
• Personification : The novel shows examples of personifications such as, i. He felt his smile slide away, melt, fold over, and down on itself like a tallow skin, like the stuff of a fantastic candle burning too long and now collapsing and now blown out. (Part-I) ii. Two moonstones looked up at him in the light of his small hand-held fire; two pale moonstones buried in a creek of clear water over which the life of the world ran, not touching them. (Part-I) iii. Across the street and down the way the other houses stood with their flat fronts. (Part-II). These examples show as if his smile, moonstones, and houses have life and emotions of their own.
• Protagonist : Guy Montag is the protagonist of the novel. The novel starts with his entry into the world and moves forward as he rebels against the regime and flees to save his life as well as knowledge.
• Rhetorical Questions : The novel shows good use of rhetorical questions at several places such as, i. It drank up the green matter that flowed to the top in a slow boil. Did it drink of the darkness ? Did it suck out all the poisons accumulated with the years? It fed in silence with an occasional sound of inner suffocation and blind searching. It had an Eye. The impersonal operator of the machine could, by wearing a special optical helmet, gaze into the soul of the person whom he was pumping out. What did the Eye see? He did not say. (Part-I) ii. Breach man’s mind. Who knows who might be the target of the well? Read man? Me? I won’t stomach them for a minute. And so when houses were finally fireproofed completely, all over the world (you were correct in your assumption the other night) there was no longer need of firemen for the old purposes. (Part-II) This example shows the use of rhetorical questions posed but different characters not to elicit answers but to stress upon the underlined idea.
• Setting : The setting of the novel is somewhere in an unspecified city in the Midwest in the United States.
• Simile : The novel shows excellent use of various similes as given in the examples below, i. There was only the girl walking with him now, her face bright as snow in the moonlight, and he knew she was working his questions around, seeking the best answers she could possibly give. (Part-I) ii. She was beginning to shriek now, sitting there like a wax doll melting in its own heat. (Part-II) iii. The three empty walls of the room were like the pale brows of sleeping giants now, empty of dreams . (Part-III) These similes show that girl’s face has been compared to snow in the first, like a wax doll in the second and the walls have been compared to pale brows in the third as the use of the word “like” suggests.

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103 Fahrenheit 451 Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best fahrenheit 451 topic ideas & essay examples, 📌 interesting topics to write about fahrenheit 451, 👍 good essay topics on fahrenheit 451, ❓ fahrenheit 451 essay questions.

• “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury Sample Essay It is, therefore, easy to recommend Fahrenheit 451 as the book with the true reflection of the society people live in nowadays.
• Dangers of Media in “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury The novel demonstrates the importance of books and the threats of media by depicting changes that occurred in Montag’s worldview throughout the plot. We will write a custom essay specifically for you by our professional experts 808 writers online Learn More
• The Book “Fahrenheit 451” and the Movie “Equilibrium” The book Fahrenheit 451 and the movie Equilibrium have some similarities and contrasts: Both the book and the movie delve into the topic of the suppression of free thought; in both cases, the concept of […]
• Comparison of G. Orwell’s “1984”, R. Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451” and A. Huxley’s “Brave New World” The leadership is in charge of virtually each and every single activity that takes place in the lives of the inhabitants of the society.
• Clarisse’s Influence on Montag in “Fahrenheit 451” Throughout the novel, Montag goes through the stages of conflict and denial and ultimately sets out to free himself and others from the oppression.
• Symbols in “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury The story contains numerous symbols and allusions to the problems peculiar to the modern society which make it a great dystopian novel and help the author to convey his message to people.
• Literature Censorship in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury The issues raised in the novel, Fahrenheit 451, are relevant in contemporary American society and Bradbury’s thoughts were a warning for what he highlighted is happening in the contemporary United States.
• Control and Propaganda in the “Fahrenheit 451” Film The film’s plot predicts the events of our days and the widespread propaganda of the media. In the film, mass propaganda is the opinion that books only bring evil and problems.
• ”Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury: Censorship and Independent Thinking By exploring the notion and censorship and how it affects people, the author draws parallels with the modern world of his time and the increasing impact of government-led propaganda. Censorship is a recurring theme that […]
• Themes and Symbolism in “Fahrenheit 451” The kerosene fire that the firemen use is associated with the chaotic nature of fire and the firemen’s desire to destroy.
• Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451” in the Age of the Internet In the world of Fahrenheit 451, the main enforcer of the dystopian social norms is the country’s government that puts measures in place to suppress printed books and the knowledge they contain.
• Analysis of Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Such is the situation represented in the novel to sensitize the public through a full narrative of the consequences of suppression.
• Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 Novel Analysis Abootalebi, Hassan.”The Omnipresence of Television and the Ascendancy of Surveillance/Sousveillance in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451″. This chapter explores the role of books in two of Bradbury’s works: The Martian Chronicles and Fahrenheit 451.
• Aspects of Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 At the end of the story, the legend of the Phoenix is told. Beatty is the antagonist of the story and a proponent of the current rule.
• “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury It is not enough to say that it is a dystopian society in which people are ready “to bring down the tatters and charcoal ruins of history”.
• Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury in the School Curriculum In the modern world of high technologies, in the world in which a book is replaced by a computer, by television, or by the internet, a person losses his or her individuality.
• Censorship on Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury The main protagonist of the novel is Guy Montag, a fireman whose job like others, is to burn books without questioning the impact of his decision.
• Homogenizing Culture in “Fahrenheit 451” by R. Bradbury Bradbury feared the demise of reading in favor of television, and the ultimate homogenization of culture as a result of being spoon fed ideas.
• Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Review Bradbury’s vision of America and Americans assumes the form of the game of the possible because he wants it to be played out in reality.
• Happiness in “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury In the first chapter Guy Montag, the protagonist finds himself in a position that allows him to recognize the lack of genuine happiness in his life, viewing those around him as uncompassionate and disinterested shades.
• Narrative Structure in Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451” The actions of Montag and the changes in his view of the world mark the transition between elements of the story narrative structure.
• Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury The purpose of this essay is to provide a summary of the book, analyze the main characters and the central theme of the paper, and, finally, present a personal opinion about Fahrenheit 451.
• Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury: Book Analysis At the beginning of the novel, a moving description of one of the book-burning escapades is brought to the fore. The import of this is that she has learnt to tread carefully.
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• The Symbolic Dystopia Presented in Ray Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451”
• The Plausibility of the World Depicted in “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury
• The Different Values Shown in Ray Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451”
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• The Consequences of Public Ignorance of Complex Ideas in “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury
• The True Meaning of “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury
• The Way a Man Breaks the Bonds of His Society and Changes His Life “Fahrenheit 451”
• The Effect of Technology on Society in “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury
• The Theme of the Society’s Crippling of Individuality in “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury
• The Use of Parallelism in “Fahrenheit 451”
• The Importance of Television in “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury
• The Government’s Power and Control Over the Citizens in “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury
• The Theme of Fighting the System in “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest” and “Fahrenheit 451”
• A Dystopian Society in Ray Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451”
• The Influence of Censorship Represented in “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury
• A Look Into the Materialistic, Robot-Like Society of Ray Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451”
• The Prevalence of Symbolism in “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury
• The Factors of Conformity in “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury
• Traits of Character and Behavior of the Main Characters in “Fahrenheit 451”
• The Real Importance Behind Outlawed Books and Literature in “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury
• The Five Stages of Grief in “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury
• The Fundamental Theme of Literature in Bernhard Schlink’s “The Reader” and Ray Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451”
• The Influence of Reading Books in “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury
• The Impact of Books to Guy Montag in “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury
• A Look at a World With No Books as Presented in “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury
• The Significance of Technology Depicted in Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451”
• The Dystopian Society in Ray Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451”
• A Biography of Ray Bradbury and an Analysis of His Novel “Fahrenheit 451”
• The Anti-Censorship Message in Ray Bradbury’s Novel “Fahrenheit 451”
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• The Pursuit of Happyness in Aldous Huxley’s “Brave New World” and Ray Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451”
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• The Tone and Mood of Self Reflection in Ray Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451”
• The Manipulation of Knowledge in “Fahrenheit 451”
• The Impact of Technology on Human Interaction in Ray Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451”
• A Censored and Structured World in Ray Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451”
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• A Comparative Analysis of the Main Characters of “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury and “A Man for All Seasons” by Robert Bolt
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• Women’s Roles in Ray Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451” and Bram Stoker’s “Dracula”
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• How People Destroy Themselves and Each Other in “Fahrenheit 451”?
• What Age Should Read “Fahrenheit 451”?
• Why Does the Woman Choose to Burn Herself With Her Books in “Fahrenheit 451”?
• Why “Fahrenheit 451” Should Not Be Banned From School?
• Why Are Books Banned in “Fahrenheit 451”?
• What Is the Main Point of “Fahrenheit 451”?
• How the Book “Fahrenheit 451” Compares Life in 1953 to Today?
• What Is “Fahrenheit 451” Warning Us About?
• What Grade Level Is the Book “Fahrenheit 451”?
• Is the Book “Fahrenheit 451” the Same as the Movie?
• What Secret Does Montag Reveal to Mildred in “Fahrenheit 451”?
• What’s the Ending of “Fahrenheit 451”?
• How Does “Fahrenheit 451” Relate to Today’s Society?
• What Is the Irony in “Fahrenheit 451”?
• What Does Burning Bright Symbolize in “Fahrenheit 451”?
• Is the Book “Fahrenheit 451” a True Story?
• Why Does Montag’s Pillow Scare Mildred in “Fahrenheit 451”?
• Why Does Montag Feel Fat in “Fahrenheit 451”?
• What Does the Salamander Represent in “Fahrenheit 451”?
• Why Are People Afraid of Firemen “Fahrenheit 451”?
• How Technology Negatively Affects Humans in “Fahrenheit 451”?
• What Is the Fireman’s Slogan in “Fahrenheit 451”?
• How Does Montag Change in “Fahrenheit 451”?
• What Do “You Never Wash It off Entirely” Mean Symbolically in “Fahrenheit 451”?
• What Does the River in “Fahrenheit 451” Symbolize?
• What Does Mildred Have In Her Ears in “Fahrenheit 451”?
• How Clarice Influenced Montag in “Fahrenheit 451”?
• Why Does the Elderly Woman Burn Her House in “Fahrenheit 451”?
• What Does Guy Montag Symbolize in “Fahrenheit 451”?
• What Do the Sand and the Sieve Symbolize in “Fahrenheit 451”?
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• Fahrenheit 451

Ray Bradbury

• Literature Notes
• The Issue of Censorship and Fahrenheit 451
• Book Summary
• About Fahrenheit 451
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• Captain Beatty
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Critical Essays The Issue of Censorship and Fahrenheit 451

Bradbury ties personal freedom to the right of an individual having the freedom of expression when he utilizes the issue of censorship in  Fahrenheit 451 . The First Amendment to the United States Constitution reads:

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for redress of grievances.

The common reading of the First Amendment is that commitment to free speech is not the acceptance of only non-controversial expressions that enjoy general approval. To accept a commitment to the First Amendment means, in the words of Justice Holmes, "freedom for what we hate." As quoted in Students' Right to Read (NCTE, 1982), "Censorship leaves students with an inadequate and distorted picture of the ideals, values, and problems of their culture. Writers may often be the spokesmen of their culture, or they may stand to the side, attempting to describe and evaluate that culture. Yet, partly because of censorship or the fear of censorship, many writers are ignored or inadequately represented in the public schools, and many are represented in anthologies not by their best work but by their safest or least offensive work." What are the issues involved in censorship?

Imagine that a group wants to ban Fahrenheit 451 because Montag defies authority. For the sake of the argument, assume for a moment that you wish to "ban" Fahrenheit 451 from the library shelves. To do so, you must do a number of things. First, you must establish why defying authority is wrong. What are its consequences? What are the probable effects on youth to see flagrant disregard of authority? (In regard to these questions, you may want to read Plato's Apology to get a sense of how to argue the position.) Second, you must have some theory of psychology, either implied or directly stated. That is, you must establish how a reading of Fahrenheit 451 would inspire a student to flagrantly disregard authority. Why is reading bad for a student? How can it be bad? Next, you must establish how a student who reads Fahrenheit 451 will read the book and extract from it a message that says "Defy Authority Whenever Possible" and then act on this message.

You must then reconcile whatever argument you construct with the responsibilities that accompany accepting the rights of the First Amendment. Perhaps you should consider and think about the issues of free speech and fundamental rights that you may not have considered before. Indeed, you may conclude that you can't claim your own right to expression if you have the right to suppress others rights to express themselves.

In looking at censorship in Fahrenheit 451 , Bradbury sends a very direct message showing readers what can happen if they allow the government to take total control of what they do (or do not) read, watch, and discuss. For example, the government in Fahrenheit 451 has taken control and demanded that books be given the harshest measure of censorship — systematic destruction by burning.

Although the books and people have fallen victims to censorship in Fahrenheit 451 , luckily, some citizens remain who are willing to sacrifice their lives to ensure that books remain alive. As Faber notes in a conversation with Montag, "It's not books you need, it's some of the things that once were in books." Faber then continues this conversation with Montag pointing out that people need "the right to carry out actions based on what we learn [from books]. . . ."

Because the government has censored so much in its society, the citizens in Fahrenheit 451 have no idea about what is truly happening in their world. A direct result of their limited knowledge is that their entire city is destroyed because propaganda wouldn't allow individuals to see that their destruction was imminent.

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Fahrenheit 451

Ray bradbury, everything you need for every book you read..

Why has the society of Fahrenheit 451 become so shallow, indifferent, and conforming? Why do people drive so fast, keep Seashell ear thimbles in their ears, and spend all day in front of room-sized, four-walled TV programs? According to Beatty , the constant motion and titillation is designed to help people suppress their sadness and avoid any kind of intense emotion or difficult thoughts and experiences. The people of Fahrenheit 451 have to come to equate this motion, fun, and distraction with happiness.

However, Fahrenheit 451 makes the case that engaging with difficult and uncomfortable thoughts and experiences is the only routes to true happiness. Only by being un comfortable, or experiencing things that are new or awkward, can people achieve a real and meaningful engagement with the world and each other. The people in the novel who lack such engagement, such as Mildred , feel a profound despair, which in turn makes them more determined to distract themselves by watching more TV, overdosing on sleeping pills, or letting technicians use a specialized machine to suck away their sadness. The result is a vicious cycle, in which people are terrified to expose themselves to any kind of emotion or difficulty because doing so will force them to face their pent-up despair, though in reality it's their avoidance of those thoughts and feelings that creates their despair. Only after he acknowledges his own unhappiness can Montag make the life-changing decision to find Faber and resist his society's oppressive "happiness" and thought-suppression that he, as a fireman, once enforced.

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Distraction vs. Happiness Quotes in Fahrenheit 451

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Fahrenheit 451 thesis statements

The novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury makes use of archetypes, specifically the light vs. dark archetype and the archetypical death and rebirth, to strengthen the story. The light vs. dark archetype is used to depict Montage’s struggle to free himself from the ignorance of society’s beliefs. The author also uses this archetype to show that Clavicle’s house is different from the others as it’s lit up, signifying a family that is not blinded by society’s ignorance. Bradbury also employs the archetypical death and rebirth when Montage explains the meaning of books to Mildred, trying to tear down her old way of thinking and rebuild her with a new and more cognitive way of thinking. The text states that humans are like a phoenix

During when the various times the “light vs. dark” archetypes are utilized and when the archetypical death and rebirth occurs to convey the extent of which the novel is strengthened by archetypes. In Bradbury Fahrenheit 451 the light vs. dark archetype helps show to what extent archetypes are used to strengthen the novel when Montage is conversing with Claries after Mildred began reading her script.

The author states “He felt his body divide itself into a hotness and a coldness, a softness and a hardness, a trembling and a not trembling, the two halves grinding one upon another. “{Bradbury 21 y. In this passage Bradbury is showing that inside Montage the light and dark are warring against each other. As light vs. dark are opposites the author uses opposites to show the relationship between the two, for example the comparison between cold and hot, the cold represents the dark as darkness is inherently cold as light provides heat. The two parts ringing against each other show to the light and dark at war, as they at odds at one other.

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Since they cannot coexist the light and dark in this situation refer to the Montage, in that they are his struggle to free himself from the ignorance that is his societal beliefs. The author also states when Claries and Montage walk to her house, “When they reached her house all its lights were blazing” (Bradbury 7}. As this may come across as insignificant, in actuality it shows that as Montage only known the other houses to be darker: Clavicle’s house signified a family that were not blind to the ignorance of the society while all the other houses and families are in the dark, figuratively and literally.

Using the “light vs. dark” archetype Bradbury is TABLE to enhance his work; the archetypes convey meaning to the story and add more to the story for the reader to comprehend. Furthermore, Bradbury novel utilizes an archetype, death and rebirth, to strengthen the story within Fahrenheit 451 , this situation occurs after the bombs drop and at the end of part one. The author writes mere now,’ said Montage ‘We’ll start over again at the beginning. ‘” {Bradbury 65}. During this oration the story Montage is explaining the meanings of books to Mildred of who does not see their significance.

When Montage says let’s start over , it is not meant mean lets reread the passage but as lets reinvent ourselves and become more self-aware. As opposed to the rest of society, who is ignorant to the fact that books are not something that should be outlawed but something that should be treasured. Books can carry many meaning and here we see Montage trying to tear down, death, Milliard’s Old way Of thinking and rebuild, rebirth, her with a new and more cognitive way of thinking.

Also the text states “But every time he burnt himself up he sprang out of the ashes, he got himself burnt all over again. “{Bradbury 156}. Here, after the bombs drop, Montage and the hobos are talking and saying that humans are like a phoenix; they will persevere and come back from hardships, but without the knowledge of the past they are bound to do the same things over again. Montage and the men are saying that if the knowledge in the books is not passed along the world is bound to repeat itself, so they are going to try to bring back the books in hope that tragedy doesn’t happen again.

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