case study based questions class 11 biology chapter 5

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If you are finding it difficult to solve Class 11 Biology Case Study Questions, you are not alone. Many students face difficulties in solving such questions, as they require in-depth knowledge of the subject. However, with the right resources and guidance, it is possible to overcome these difficulties. One of the best resources for Class 11 Biology Case Study Questions is the myCBSEguide app.

myCBSEguide provides detailed information and Class 11 Biology Case Study Questions that can help you understand the concepts better. Class 11 Biology students can also find several practice questions at the end of each chapter that can help Class 11 Biology students in understanding the concept better.

Biology: The study of living organisms

Biology is the study of life and all living things. It is a natural science that covers a wide range of topics, from the structure and function of the human body to the behavior of plants and animals. Class 11 biology students learn about the various branches of biology, such as anatomy, physiology, ecology, and evolution. In addition, they also study the cell, the building block of all living things. By understanding how cells work, students can better understand how the body works as a whole.

Class 11 students entering the world of Biology

For Class 11 students, biology is the foundation for Class 12 CBSE students. It is a vital topic that helps students grasp the fundamental notions of life and living beings. Cell structure and function, genetics, evolution, ecology, and plant and animal physiology are all themes addressed in biology. Biology is a fascinating topic that teaches students about the natural world around them. Biology is an excellent foundation for Class 11 CBSE students who want to pursue a career in medicine. Biology is critical for understanding the human body and its processes, as well as developing medical remedies.

Significance of Biology for class 11 students

• Biology encourages students to learn the fundamentals of biology.
• It promotes a rational/scientific attitude toward issues such as population, environment, and development by encouraging the acquisition of new information and its application to individuals and society.
• It raises public knowledge of environmental issues, problems, and remedies.
• It raises students’ understanding of the diversity of living species and fosters respect for other living beings.
• It understands that even the most complicated biological phenomena are based on fundamentally simple processes.

Case study questions in Class 11 Biology

Case studies are a part of to Class 11 biology examination paper pattern. These case studies can be used to assess a student’s understanding of a subject as well as their ability to apply that understanding in a real-world context. Incorporating case study questions into Class 11 Biology can provide students with a more hands-on and realistic experience with the subject. Class 11 Biology students can better learn how chemical concepts are utilized in the real world by going through real-life problems. Class 11 Biology Case study questions can also aid in the development of critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.

Examples of Class 11 Biology Case Study Questions

We must solve a range of Class 11 Biology case study questions in order to achieve high grades in Biology. Class 11 Biology students must be seeking some examples of case study questions in order to improve their grades. myCBSEguide has prepared a variety of Class 11 Biology case study questions that will undoubtedly assist all students studying the subject. We have compiled a selection of Class 11 Biology case study questions for you. Have a look at the following Class 11 Biology case study question examples.

Class 11 Biology case study questions 1

Read the following and answer any four questions: The detailed structure of the membrane was studied only after the advent of the electron microscope in the 1950s. Meanwhile, chemical studies on the cell membrane, especially in human red blood cells (RBCs), enabled the scientists to deduce the possible structure of the plasma membrane. These studies showed that the cell membrane is composed of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates.

• Nucleic acid
• Carbohydrate
• Phosphoglycerides
• Glycoproteins
• Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
• Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
• Assertion is true but reason is false.
• Both assertion and reason are false.

Answer Key:

• (b) The lipids are arranged in a bilayer in the plasma membrane with the polar head towards the outer sides and the hydrophobic tails towards the inner part.
• (a) The lipid component of the membrane mainly consists of phosphoglycerides.
• (c) In human beings, the membrane of the erythrocyte has approximately 52 percent protein and 40 percent lipids.
• (b) Depending on the ease of extraction, membrane proteins can be classified into two types – integral or peripheral.
• (b) The plasma membrane is selectively permeable to some molecules present on either side of it. Neutral solutes may move across the membrane by the process of simple diffusion along the concentration gradient, i.e., from higher concentration to the lower. Hence, both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Class 11 Biology case study questions 2

Read the following and answer any four questions: Plastids are found in all plant cells and in euglenoids. These are easily observed under the microscope as they are large. They bear some specific pigments, thus imparting specific colours to the plants. Plastids consist of numerous membrane layers embedded in a material called the stroma. They have their own genome and ribosomes.

• Leucoplasts
• Chloroplasts
• Chromoplasts
• Carotenoids
• Amyloplasts
• Aleuroplasts
• Elaioplasts
• (a) The leucoplasts are the colourless plastids of varied shapes and sizes with stored nutrients.
• (b) The aleuroplasts store proteins in grains.
• (a) Amyloplasts are leucoplasts store carbohydrates (starch) in potato.
• (c) The space limited by the inner membrane of the chloroplast is called the stroma.
• (c) The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments which are responsible for trapping light energy essential for photosynthesis. The chromoplasts impart colours to the parts of the plant as yellow, orange or red colour. Hence, Assertion is true but reason is false.

Class 11 Biology case study questions 3

Read the following and answer any four questions: In human beings, the lungs are situated in the thoracic chamber which is formed dorsally by the vertebral column, ventrally by the sternum, laterally by the ribs, and on the lower side by the dome-shaped diaphragm. The anatomical setup of the lungs in the thorax is such that any change in the volume of the thoracic cavity will be reflected in the lung (pulmonary) cavity. Such an arrangement is essential for breathing. Breathing involves two stages – inspiration and expiration. During inspiration, the atmospheric air is drawn in and during expiration, the alveolar air is released out.

• 12 – 16
• 70 – 72
• Ribs lift up
• Diaphragm flattens
• Ribs flatten
• Both ribs lift up and diaphragm flattens
• Tidal volume
• Inspiratory Reserve Volume
• Residual Volume
• Vital Capacity
• 6000 to 8000 mL
• 2500 mL to 3000 mL
• 1000 mL to 1100 mL
• 1100 mL to 1200 mL
• The movement of air into and out of the lungs is carried out by creating a pressure gradient.
• Expiration can occur if the pressure within the lungs (intra-pulmonary pressure) is less than the atmospheric pressure.
• The diaphragm and a specialised set of muscles help in generation of pressure gradients.
• Expiration is initiated by the contraction of diaphragm which increases the volume of thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis.

Choose from below the correct alternative.

• a. Only I is true
• b. I and IV are true
• c. III and II are true
• d. I and III are true
• (a) On an average, a healthy human breathes 12-16 times/minute.
• (d) When we breathe in, the ribs are lifted up and the diaphragm flattens which increases the size of the chest cavity. Because of this, the air is sucked into the lungs and fills the expanded alveoli.
• (a) Volume of air inspired or expired during normal respiration is called tidal volume.
• (d) Residual volume of air is the remaining air in the lungs even after a forcible expiration. This averages 1100 mL to 1200 mL.
• (d) The movement of air into and out of the lungs is carried out by creating a pressure gradient between the lungs and the atmosphere. Inspiration can occur if the pressure within the lungs (intra-pulmonary pressure) is less than the atmospheric pressure. The diaphragm and a specialized set of muscles – external and internal intercostals between the ribs, help in the generation of pressure gradients. Inspiration is initiated by the contraction of the diaphragm which increases the volume of thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis. Hence, statements I and III are true.

Class 11 Biology case study questions 4

Read the following and answer any four questions: Exchange of gases also occurs between blood and tissues. O 2  and CO 2  are exchanged in these sites by simple diffusion mainly based on pressure/concentration gradient. The solubility of the gases, as well as the thickness of the membranes involved in diffusion, are also some important factors that can affect the rate of diffusion.

• Atmospheric pressure
• Partial pressure
• Differential pressure
• Capillary pressure
• pO 2  – 104 mm Hg, pCO 2  – 40 mm Hg
• pO 2  – 104 mm Hg, pCO 2  – 140 mm Hg
• pO 2  – 95 mm Hg, pCO 2  – 40 mm Hg
• pO 2  – 40 mm Hg, pCO 2  – 45 mm Hg
• The given diagram represents the exchange of gases at the alveolus and the body tissues with blood and the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
• The amount of CO 2  that can diffuse through the diffusion membrane per unit difference in partial pressure is much lesser compared to that of O 2 .
• All the factors in our body are favourable for the diffusion of O 2  from tissues to alveoli and that of CO 2  from alveoli to tissues.
• The total thickness of the diffusion membrane is much less than a millimetre.
• Only I is true
• I and IV are true
• III and II are true
• I and III are true
• (b) Pressure contributed by an individual gas in a mixture of gases is called partial pressure.
• (a) Alveoli are the primary sites of exchange of gases.
• (c) The diffusion membrane is made up of three major layers.
• (d) The values of pO 2  and pCO 2  in the body tissues is: pO 2  – 104 mm Hg, pCO 2  – 40 mm Hg.
• (b) The given diagram represents the exchange of gases at the alveolus and the body tissues with blood and the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The amount of CO 2  that can diffuse through the diffusion membrane per unit difference in partial pressure is much higher compared to that of O 2 . All the factors in our body are favourable for the diffusion of O 2  from alveoli to tissues and that of CO 2  from tissues to alveoli. The total thickness of diffusion membrane is much less than a millimetre.

Dealing with Class 11 Biology case study questions

There are a number of different ways to approach Class 11 Biology case study questions, but the most important thing is to make sure that Class 11 Biology students answer all parts of the question and provide as much detail as possible. In some cases, you may need to research the topic further in order to be able to answer the Class 11 Biology case study questions fully.

When dealing with Class 11 Biology case study questions, it is also important to think about the different perspectives that might be involved. For example, if you are asked to evaluate a particular decision made by a scientist, you will need to consider the impact of that decision from both the scientist’s perspective and the perspective of those affected by the decision.

Answering case study questions can be challenging, but it is an important skill to develop if you want to pursue a career in fields such as business or law. With practice, Class 11 Biology students will be able to approach these questions with confidence and provide well-reasoned, detailed answers.

Class 11 Biology curriculum: As fascinating as Biology itself

The current curriculum of Class 11 Biology provides students with up-to-date principles as well as more extensive exposure to current topics in the discipline. Class 11 Biology curriculum also strives to emphasize the basic concepts that are shared by animals, plants, and microbes, as well as the link between Biology and other fields of study. Class 11 Biology structure provides for a straightforward, sequential flow of ideas. It connects the science of biology to actual life through technological advancements. It connects biological discoveries and breakthroughs to everyday issues including the environment, industry, health, and agriculture. The new curriculum of Class 11 Biology also emphasizes scientific ideas and their application, while ensuring that enough chances and opportunities for mastering and recognizing fundamental concepts remain within its framework.

CBSE Class 11 Biology (Code No. 044)

COURSE STRUCTURE

myCBSEguide: An app as intriguing as biology

If you’re looking for an app that’s as intriguing as biology, myCBSEguide is a perfect choice. With millions of downloads, it’s one of the most popular apps on the App Store, and for good reason. myCBSEguide offers extensive coverage of the CBSE curriculum, with detailed explanations of concepts, thousands of practice questions, case study questions and much more. Whether you’re a student, teacher, or parent, myCBSEguide is an essential tool for anyone wanting to learn more about biology.

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CBSE Important Questions for Class 11 Biology are available in Printable format for Free Download.Here you may find NCERT Important Questions and Extra Questions for Class 11 Biology chapter wise with answers also. These questions will act as chapter wise test papers for Class 11 Biology. These Important Questions for Class 11 Biology are as per latest NCERT and CBSE Pattern syllabus and assure great success in achieving high score in Board Examinations

Total Papers :

Biology Topics to be covered for Class 11 Science

• The Living World
• Biological Classification
• Plant Kingdom
• Animal Kingdom
• Morphology of Flowering Plants
• Anatomy of Flowering Plants
• Structural Organisation in Animals
• Cell-The Unit of Life
• Biomolecules
• Cell Cycle and Cell Division
• Transport in Plants
• Mineral Nutrition
• Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
• Respiration in Plants
• Plant - Growth and Development
• Digestion and Absorption
• Breathing and Exchange of Gases
• Body Fluids and Circulation
• Excretory Products and Their Elimination
• Locomotion and Movement
• Neural Control and Coordination
• Chemical Coordination and Integration

Structure of CBSE Biology Sample Paper for Class 12 Science is

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Importance of Question Bank for Exam Preparation?

There are many ways to ascertain whether a student has understood the important points and topics of a particular chapter and is he or she well prepared for exams and tests of that particular chapter. Apart from reference books and notes, Question Banks are very effective study materials for exam preparation. When a student tries to attempt and solve all the important questions of any particular subject , it becomes very easy to gauge how much well the topics have been understood and what kind of questions are asked in exams related to that chapter.. Some of the other advantaging factors of Question Banks are as follows

• Since Important questions included in question bank are collections of questions that were asked in previous exams and tests thus when a student tries to attempt them they get a complete idea about what type of questions are usually asked and whether they have learned the topics well enough. This gives them an edge to prepare well for the exam.Students get the clear idea whether the questions framed from any particular chapter are mostly either short or long answer type questions or multiple choice based and also marks weightage of any particular chapter in final exams.
• CBSE Question Banks are great tools to help in analysis for Exams. As it has a collection of important questions that were asked previously in exams thereby it covers every question from most of the important topics. Thus solving questions from the question bank helps students in analysing their preparation levels for the exam. However the practice should be done in a way that first the set of questions on any particular chapter are solved and then solutions should be consulted to get an analysis of their strong and weak points. This ensures that they are more clear about what to answer and what can be avoided on the day of the exam.
• Solving a lot of different types of important questions gives students a clear idea of what are the main important topics of any particular chapter that needs to focussed on from examination perspective and should be emphasised on for revision before attempting the final paper. So attempting most frequently asked questions and important questions helps students to prepare well for almost everything in that subject.
• Although students cover up all the chapters included in the course syllabus by the end of the session, sometimes revision becomes a time consuming and difficult process. Thus, practicing important questions from Question Bank allows students to check the preparation status of each and every small topic in a chapter. Doing that ensures quick and easy insight into all the important questions and topics in each and every individual. Solving the important questions also acts as the revision process.

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• Morphology of Flowering Plants Class 11 Notes CBSE Biology Chapter 5 (Free PDF Download)
• Revision Notes

Revision Notes for CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 (Morphology of Flowering Plants) - Free PDF Download

There are almost 300,000 known species of flowering plants on the Earth, and in Class 11 Chapter 5, we are concerned about the morphology of the same. Being one of the essential chapters of Biology, students are required to gather in-depth knowledge to score remarkably in their exams. Furthermore, students will get to revise concepts like a simple and compound leaf, pinnately compound leaf and palmate compound leaf by going through the Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Notes by Vedantu. Besides studying textbooks, you can refer to the Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 notes PDF prepared by subject experts.

Download CBSE Class 11 Biology Revision Notes 2024-25 PDF

Also, check CBSE Class 11 Biology revision notes for other chapters:

Morphology of Flowering Plants Chapter Related Important Study Materials It is a curated compilation of relevant online resources that complement and expand upon the content covered in a specific chapter. Explore these links to access additional readings, explanatory videos, practice exercises, and other valuable materials that enhance your understanding of the chapter's subject matter.

Morphology of flowering plants basic subjective questions - class 11 revision notes.

Section–A (1 Mark Questions)

1. In mangroves, pneumatophores are the modified adventitious roots. How are these roots helpful to the plant?

Ans. Pneumatophores in mangroves help the plant to get oxygen for respiration.

2. State the main function of leaf tendril.?

Ans. In some plants, the leaves get converted to tendrils which help the plant for climbing, e.g., pea.

3. Why are mustard flowers referred to as hypogynous.?

Ans. The flowers of mustard are called hypogynous because the ovary is situated at the top and the other three whorls are inserted below it.

4. Name two plants where seeds do not have endosperm?

Ans. The plants that do not have an endosperm are beans, gram and pea.

5. What is the name given to the cotyledon in the case of monocots?

Ans. The monocots consist of one large and shield-shaped cotyledon known as the scutellum.

Section–B (2 Mark Questions)

6. What type of aestivation in corolla is found in the pea flower? Explain.

Ans. In peas, a vexillary type of aestivation is present in the corolla. In this type, there are five petals. The largest one (standard) overlaps the two lateral petals (wings) which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior petals (keel). This type of aestivation is also called papilionaceous. 

7. What is venation in leaves? What are the types of venation?

Ans . Vention- It is the arrangement of veins and the veinlets in the lamina of a leaf. There are mainly two types of venations:-

Parallel venation: In this, the veins run parallel to each other within a lamina, e.g., monocotyledons.

Reticulate venation:   In this, the veinlets form a network, e.g., dicotyledons. 

8. Provide the scientific terms for the following. 

(i) Swollen leaf base in leguminous plants.

(ii) The flat and expanded portion of a leaf. 

(iii) Orderly arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch. 

(iv) Lateral appendages on either side of the lea

Ans. (i) Pulvinus

(ii) Lamina/ leaf blade

(iii) Phyllotaxy 

(v) Stipules

9. What do you mean by inflorescence? Explain different types of it.

Ans. Inflorescence- It is the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis. It is divided into two types based on whether the apex gets converted into a flower or continues to grow.

(i) Racemose inflorescence- In this, the main axis continues to grow, the flowers are borne laterally in acropetal succession. 

(ii) Cymose inflorescence- In this, the main axis terminates in a flower, hence is limited in growth. The flowers are borne in a basipetal order.

10. Distinguish between prop root and stilt roots.

Ans. Prop roots- these roots arise from horizontal aerial branches of a tree. They provide support to the plant, e.g., the banyan tree.

Stilt roots- these roots arise from lower nodes of the stem. These roots provide support to the stem, e.g., maize, sugarcane.

11. (a) What are the three parts of an ovary?

(b) Define apocarpous ovary and syncarpous ovary. 

Ans . (a) The ovary is divided into three parts: stigma, style, and ovary.

(b) Apocarpous ovary- When more than one carpel is present, they may be free and called apocarpous, e.g., lotus and rose.

Syncarpous ovary- In such ovaries, carpels are fused, e.g., mustard and tomato.

Notes of Chapter 5 Biology Class 11 Free PDF Download

Yes, you read it right! You can download Chapter 5 Biology Class 11 Notes PDF free of cost. Besides, the important notes are prepared by experienced tutors that too following the latest CBSE rules and guidelines. This handy tool will not only help you in achieving desired scores but also improve your learning experience.

Mastering Class 11 Biology Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants - Notes, and Tips for Success

In the following section, you can get a glimpse of the topics provided in the Biology Notes for Class 11 Chapter 5 PDF.

Morphology involves the study of structure, size, colour, form, etc. of various components of an organism. Like you have read it in your previous classes, parts of a plant can be classified into two sections – the root and shoot system.

Roots:  First, the topics of the root systems are covered. The classifications like taproots, fibrous roots and adventitious roots are elaborated. Next, the different root regions are discussed in Chapter 5 Class 11 Biology Notes:

Place where the meristematic activity takes place.

Elongation region.

Maturation region.

Root hairs.

Furthermore, the roots of a few plants change their structure and shape to offer other functions. Some examples are storage, respiratory, prop, adventitious, stilt, climbing, foliar and haustorial roots.

Stem:  In this section of Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 5, you will get to know about the different parts of the shoot system starting with the stem, nodes, internodes, etc. Further, the various modifications of stem-like sub-aerial modification (runner, stolon, sucker and offset), underground modification (tuber, rhizome, corm and bulb), and aerial modification (phylloclade and thorns) are discussed.

Leaf: Biology Class 11 Chapter 5 Notes PDF covers all the details related to leaves as per the CBSE curriculum. Starting from the diagram, leaf parts (leaf base, petiole and lamina), leaf types, lifespan of a leaf to lamina venations, students can stay assured to find every essential detail. Plus, the modification of leaves is also discussed explicitly.

Inflorescence:  This section of Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Notes cover the definition of inflorescence along with its types like racemose and cymose. These two classifications are further segregated into various types mentioned below:

Racemose – Raceme, spike, catkin, spadix, corymb, capitulum and umbel.

Cymose – Uniparous cyme (helicoid cyme and scorpioid cyme), dichasial or biparous cyme and multiparous cyme.

In the last portion of the leaf segment of class 11 Bio Ch 5 notes, special kinds of inflorescence like cyathium, hypanthodium and verticillaster are provided.

Flower:  Ch 5 Bio Class 11 Notes PDF’s flower section introduces you to the various significant details about the flower and its comprising parts – stamen, petal, sepal and carpel, flower symmetry, floral leaf insertion, bract types, etc. Plus, you will also get to study about the different parts of a flower-like corolla and calyx and its various forms. Moreover, information about the types of aestivation in corolla is explored like valvate, twisted, imbricate and vexillary.

Detailed explanations on stamen cohesions (monadelphous, diadelphous, synandrous, syngenesious and polyadelphous), stamen adhesions, their length, ovule cohesion, placentation, etc., have also been provided.

Fruit and Seed:  Like the previous parts of a plant, the fruit and seed section also covers all details associated with the same. Like for instance, you will get accustomed to what is meant by epicarp, endocarp, mesocarp, true and false fruit, fruit classifications, etc. On the other hand, the seed section covers the structure of a dicot and monocot seed.

Besides, some other topics like the semi-technical description of a flowering plant, vegetative character, floral characters, and essential flowering plant families and their economic importance, etc. are also elaborated.

This Biology Chapter 5 class 11 Notes offered by Vedantu can be used as a last-minute preparation aid for exams. You can easily download the same and study it anywhere at any point in time both online and offline.

The revision notes for Class 11 Biology Morphology of Flowering Plants provided by Vedantu are an excellent resource for students to revise the important concepts covered in the chapter. The notes cover all the important topics in the chapter, including the different parts of a flowering plant, their functions, and adaptations. The revision notes are presented in a concise and easy-to-understand manner, making it easier for students to retain the information. They also include diagrams and illustrations to help students visualize the different structures and processes. Vedantu provides additional study materials, such as sample papers and solutions to previous year question papers, to help students prepare for their exams. By using these resources, students can revise the important concepts covered in the chapter and perform well in their exams.

FAQs on Morphology of Flowering Plants Class 11 Notes CBSE Biology Chapter 5 (Free PDF Download)

1. What are the Characteristics of Angiosperms?

Angiosperms comprise of all flower-bearing plants on the Earth and hence are also termed as flowering plants. They can adapt to the various surrounding environment and grow up to become bushes, shrubs, herbs and other small-sized plants. Some essential features of angiosperms include: (a) angiosperms contain stamen and tiny pollen grains (b) they feature small female reproductive parts (c) they produce endosperm (d) they flower at least once in their lifespan.

2. What are the Dissimilarities Between Flowering and Non-Flowering Plants?

The fundamental difference between a flowering and non-flowering plant is the way they reproduce. Pollination is the method of reproduction for flowering plants, and non-flowering plants make use of dispersion. Another dissimilarity is that flowering plants are further segregated into angiosperms and gymnosperms, while non-flowering ones are classified into Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Thallophyta. Furthermore, flowering and non-flowering plants also differ in the way they attract animals. Although both the types are prone to all kinds of pests, small mammals, etc., you will notice that butterflies, birds and bees are also attracted to flower-bearing plants. They do not harm the plant, rather harvest pollen and nectar.

3. What are the Parts of a Flower?

There are four basic parts of a flower, namely – calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. Firstly, the calyx is the sepals comprising the outermost part of a flower, supporting the entire structure. Secondly, corolla denotes the brightly coloured petals attracting birds, butterflies, etc., facilitating pollination. Thirdly, androecium is the male reproductive part consisting a stalk, filament and anther. Lastly, the gynoecium is the female reproductive part containing stigma, ovary and style.

4. Why Vedantu’s Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Notes are Essential?

Vedantu curates thorough revision notes that will assist students during their both terminal and final examinations. Plus, Class 11 Chapter 5 Biology Notes feature crucial topics that are immensely important for students. Besides, the notes are prepared in simple and straightforward language and written by subject experts having years-long expertise in the field.

5. What is morphology in flowering plants?

Morphology in flowering plants refers to the study of the different parts of a flowering plant. It is a must for the students of Class 11 to study the different parts of a flowering plant because it shows a wide variation in the shape, size, and structure of its flowers, leaves, and other parts. Students will also study different terms related to the morphology of flowering plants. Morphology of flowering plants also includes the structure of seeds in detail and different types of seeds.

6. Is the morphology of flowering plants important for NEET?

The morphology of flowering plants is discussed in Class 11 Biology Chapter 5. It is an important Chapter for the students preparing for NEET. Many short and multiple-choice questions are asked from the chapter in the NEET. Students of Class 11 should thoroughly study and understand the concepts given in Chapter 5 of Class 11 Biology. They can refer to the Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Revision Notes for understanding the details and major concepts are given in the chapter.

7. What is inflorescence Class 11 Biology Chapter 5?

Inflorescence Class 11 Biology refers to the arrangement of flowers in a flowering plant. There are two types of inflorescence seen in flowering plants.  

Racemose: In this type of arrangement, the new flowers grow near the apex and older flowers remain at the base. 

Cymose: In this type of arrangement, new flowers grow at the base and old flowers remain at the apex. 

Students of Class 11 can understand inflorescence from the Biology notes available at the Vedantu website and on the Vedantu app for free. They can visit the page CBSE Class 11 Biology Revision Notes Chapter 5 to download the Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 notes at free of cost.

8. How do you memorize the morphology of flowering plants?

Students of Class 11 have to understand and learn the concepts of the morphology of flowering plants to memorize. Students can study from the Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Revision Notes. The notes are given in easy to understand language for the students of Class 11. They can read the CBSE Class 11 Biology notes Chapter 5 to memorize the main concepts. All concepts are given in detail so that students can memorize the main terms easily.

9. What are the different regions of a root Class 11 Biology?

Roots have different parts. The main parts of roots include root cap, region of meristematic activity, region of elongation, region of maturation, and modifications of the root. The root cap covers the apex and protects it. In the region of meristematic activity, cells divide. The cells in the region of elongation enlarge and help in the growth of roots. The region of maturation is the part where matured cells are found. Modifications of roots can occur to support the plants.

Study Materials for Class 11 CBSE Board

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Case Study Questions for Class 11 Biology PDF Download

We have provided here Case Study questions for Class 11 Biology for final board exams. You can read these chapter-wise Case Study questions. These questions are prepared by subject experts and experienced teachers. The answer key is also provided so that you can check the correct answer for each question. Practice these questions to score well in your exams.

CBSE 11th Standard CBSE Biology question papers, important notes, study materials, Previous Year Questions, Syllabus, and exam patterns. Free 11th Standard CBSE Biology books and syllabus online. Important keywords, Case Study Questions, and Solutions.

Class 11 Biology Case Study Questions

CBSE Class 11 Biology question paper will have case study questions too. These case-based questions will be objective type in nature. So, Class 11 Biology students must prepare themselves for such questions. First of all, you should study NCERT Textbooks line by line, and then you should practice as many questions as possible.

Chapter-wise Solved Case Study Questions for Class 11 Biology

• Chapter 1 : The Living World
• Chapter 2 : Biological Classification
• Chapter 3 : Plant Kingdom
• Chapter 4 : Animal Kingdom
• Chapter 5 : Morphology of Flowering Plants
• Chapter 6 : Anatomy of Flowering Plants
• Chapter 7 : Structural Organisation in Animals
• Chapter 8 : Cell : The Unit of Life
• Chapter 9 : Biomolecules
• Chapter 10 : Cell Cycle and Cell Division
• Chapter 11 : Transport in Plants
• Chapter 12 : Mineral Nutrition
• Chapter 13 : Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
• Chapter 14 : Respiration in Plants
• Chapter 15 : Plant Growth and Development
• Chapter 16 : Digestion and Absorption
• Chapter 17 : Breathing and Exchange of Gases
• Chapter 18 : Body Fluids and Circulation
• Chapter 19 : Excretory Products and their Elimination
• Chapter 20 : Locomotion and Movement
• Chapter 21 : Neural Control and Coordination
• Chapter 22 : Chemical Coordination and Integration

Class 11 MCQ Questions

Class 11 students should go through important Case Study problems for Biology before the exams. This will help them to understand the type of Case Study questions that can be asked in Grade 11 Biology examinations. Our expert faculty for standard 11 Biology have designed these questions based on the trend of questions that have been asked in last year’s exams. The solutions have been designed in a manner to help the grade 11 students understand the concepts and also easy to learn solutions.

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Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Questions & Answers

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Important Questions Class 11 Biology Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

Biology is an interesting subject. It involves the study of different forms of life, their classification, origin, and features and helps develop better awareness and understanding of life around us. It also prepares us for taking up a career in life sciences in our later life.

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Chapter 5 of CBSE Class 11 Biology is about the morphology of flowering plants. Some of the key things that we will learn in this chapter include the root, the stem, the leaf, the inflorescence, the flower, the fruit, and the seed. We will also study the semi-technical description of a typical flowering plant as well as the description of some important flowering plant families. The chapter is exciting and very informative. Students must read and practise questions thoroughly from this chapter to score full marks in exams.

Extramarks is one of the leading educational platforms in India that provides numerous study materials related to the CBSE curriculum and NCERT books. Our experts have prepared chapter-wise important questions to help students in their exam preparations. The Important Questions Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 contains the key questions from this chapter. Students must follow these questions and answers to improve their knowledge and in-depth understanding of the subject.

Students can visit the website of Extramarks and access more study materials to step up their preparation according to their requirements. You’ll find CBSE syllabus , CBSE past years’ question papers, NCERT textbooks, NCERT solutions, vital formulas, CBSE sample papers, chapter-wise important questions, Exemplar, and much more study material after registering on our website.

Get Access to CBSE Class 11 Biology Important Questions & Answers for the Academic Year 2022-23.

Class 11 Biology Chapter-wise important questions are available for free to students, and these questions are perfect for self-study.

Check out CBSE Class 11 Biology Important Questions for other chapters as well:

Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 Important Questions with Solutions

Our subject matter experts believe that students should practise questions to write concise and better answers quickly without getting stressed. For this purpose, they have prepared Chapter 5 and Class 11 Biology Important Questions. They have collated these questions from NCERT textbooks, CBSE sample papers , Exemplar guides, and from the reference books. Apart from that, they have written the answers following the CBSE guidelines and exam pattern. The Important Questions from Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 include all the possible questions from this chapter.

Below are some of the questions and their answers from our question bank. Students can register on the Extramarks website to get full access to our Important Questions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 5.

Q1. Describe the various functions of the root system.

Root systems help in maintaining the proper balance of water. The major functions of the root system are described as follows:

(a) Water absorption and minerals from the soil via diffusion.

(b) To provide proper anchorage to the plant parts.

(c) To store reserve food material

(d) Synthesise and generate the plant growth regulators.

Q2. Write a short note on different types of root systems.

(a) In most dicotyledonous plants, direct elongation of the radicle occurs, leading to the formation of primary roots. This primary root grows inside the soil. Further, The primary roots and their branches constitute the taproot system, for example-mustard plants.

(b) In most monocotyledonous plants, the primary root is short-lived and is mostly replaced by many roots. Further, the primary roots originate from the base of the stem and constitute the fibrous root system

For example, wheat plants.

(c) In other plants, the roots arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle. Such a type of root is called adventitious root—for example, grass, banyan trees etc.

Q3. Write a short note on the stem.

The stem is also called the ascending part of the axis as it bears branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits. It originates from the plumule of the embryo, which belongs to a germinating seed. The stem bears internodes and nodes. Nodes are the region of the stem where leaves are born, while on the other hand the internode is the portion between two nodes. The stem is generally green when it’s young and later matures to woody and dark brown.

Q4. What are the main functions of the stem?

Answer 4 – 

The main functions of the stem are  as follows –

(a) Spreading out the branches that bear leaves, flowers, and fruits.

(b) They help to conduct water and mineral transportation. They also help in photosynthesis.

(c) The majority of the stems perform the function of food storage and support. They also provide protection and help in vegetative propagation.

Q5. Describe the important parts of a leaf.

The leaf consists of three main parts: leaf base, petiole, and lamina.

(a) Leaf base: The leaf base is the part where the leaf is attached to the stem.

(b) Petiole: The petiole gives structural support to the blade.

(c) Lamina: Lamina is the green expanded part of the leaf with veins and veinlets.

Q6. What are the different functions of the petiole and lamina?

Answer 6 –

The major functions of the petiole are 

(a) The petiole helps to hold the blade.

(b) It allows the leaf blades to flutter in the wind, thereby decreasing its temperature and cooling the leaf, which occurs when fresh air is attached to the leaf’s surface.

The functions of the lamina are-

(a) The veins of the lamina help to provide rigidity to the leaf blade.

(b) It acts as a channel that helps to transport water, minerals, and food materials through the plant.

Q7. What do you mean by venation?

Venation is the term that describes the arrangement of veins and the veinlets in the lamina of the leaf. The veinlets form a network called reticulate venation, and parallel venation is described when the veins run parallel to each other within a lamina. Dicotyledonous plants mostly possess reticulate venation, while monocotyledonous plants usually possess parallel venation in the lamina of the leaf.

Q 8. Explain the two major types of compound leaves present in plants.

Answer 8 –

The two major types of compound leaves are described:

(a) Pinnately compound leaf: Pinnately compound leaves are present in plants with several leaflets on a common axis called the rachis, which represents the leaf’s midrib as in common plant neem.

(b) Palmately compound leaves: Palmately compound leaves are present in plants where the leaflets are attached at a common point, which is usually present at the tip of the petiole, as in a common plant, silk cotton.

Q9. Describe the term phyllotaxy.

Answer 9 – 

Phyllotaxy is described as the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch of a plant.

It is the majority of three main types:

(a) Alternate: Alternate phyllotaxy is when a single leaf arises at each node alternately, the most common example being China rose.

(b) Opposite: Opposite phyllotaxy is when a pair of leaves arise at each node and lie opposite each other. The most common example is Calotropis and guava plants.

(c) Whorled: Whorled phyllotaxy is when more than two leaves arise at a node and form a whorl. The most common example is Alstonia.

Q10. Describe the functions of leaves.

Answer 10 –

(a) Help in the process of photosynthesis. 

(b) Conversion of leaves into tendrils for climbing as seen in peas.

(c) Conversion of leaves into spines for defence as seen in cacti

(d)Storing of food as seen in onion and garlic.

Q 11. Describe the term inflorescence. Name two major types of inflorescences.

Answer 11 –

The inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on the floral axis of the plant. 

The two major types of inflorescences are – 

(a) Racemose: In racemose inflorescence, the main axis grows, and the flowers grow laterally in acropetal succession.

(b) Cymose: In the cymose inflorescence, the main axis terminates in the flower, and the flowers grow in a basipetal order.

Q 12. What is a flower? How do you describe it?

Answer 12 – 

The flower is classified as the reproductive unit in the angiosperms. It is the primary means for the process of sexual reproduction. A typical flower has four major kinds of whorls arranged successively on the swollen end of the stalk, also known as the pedicel. The four kinds of whorls are calyx, corolla, androecium, and Gynoecium. The androecium and Gynoecium are male and female reproductive organs, while the calyx and corolla are classified as accessory organs.

Q 13. Write a short note on the symmetry of the flower.

The flower is classified as actinomorphic, which comes in radial symmetry or zygomorphic, which comes in bilateral symmetry. 

(a) Actinomorphic Symmetry: A flower is said to be actinomorphic when divided into two equal radical halves in any radical plane that passes through the centre. Its most common examples are mustard, datura and chilli.

(b) Zygomorphic Symmetry: A flower is said to be zygomorphic when the flower divides into two halves only in one vertical plane, like peas, beans, and cassia.

Q14. Write a short note on the fruit and explain it in detail.

Answer 14 – 

Fruit is classified as a natural or ripened Ovary which develops after fertilisation.

Fruit is also called parthenocarpic fruit because it is formed without the fertilisation of the Ovary.

The fruit consists of a wall, also known as a pericarp and different types of seeds. The pericarp is classified as dry or fleshy. Based on the thickness of the pericarp, it is differentiated into three parts. The outer part is called an epicarp, the middle part is called a mesocarp, and the inner part is known as an endocarp.

Q15. Write a short note on the dicotyledonous seed.

Answer 15 – 

The seed coat is the outermost covering of a seed that helps in protection. The seed coat has two main layers, the outer layer called testa and the inner layer known as tegmen. The developing seeds are attached to the fruit utilising a scar known as the hilum, which is present on the seed coat. The inner region of the seed coat consists of the embryo, which contains an embryonal axis and two cotyledons. These cotyledons are fleshy and filled with reserved food materials. The radicle and the plumule are at the end of the embryonal axis. A small pore called the micropyle is situated above the hilum.

Q16. Write a note on the different regions of the root.

Answer 16 –

At the apex of the root, it is covered by a thumb-like structure called a root cap. The main function of the root cap is the protection of the tender apex of the root that penetrates the soil. The region of meristematic is situated a few millimetres above the root cap. The cells in the meristematic region are small, thin-walled and contain dense protoplasm.

The cells adjacent to this region undergo rapid elongation and enlargement, which are also responsible for the growth of the root. This region responsible for growth is called the region of elongation. The cells in this region gradually differentiate and mature. So, the zone adjacent to the elongation region is called the region of maturation, and root hairs are adjacent to the region of maturation. Root hair consists of epidermal cells that are very fine, delicate, and thread-like structures. The main functions of these root hairs are the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.

Q17. Write a note on different types of leaves and phyllotaxy.

Answer 17- 

A leaf is classified as simple when the lamina of the leaf is incised or entire, and the incisions do not touch the midrib. On the other hand, a leaf is said to be compound when the incisions of the lamina reach up to the midrib and break it into several leaflets. In both simple and compound leaves, a bud is present in the axil of the petiole. However, a bud is not present in the axil of leaflets of the compound leaf.

There are majorly two types of compound leaves; these leaves are classified are:

(a) Pinnately compound leaf

(b) Palmately compound leaf

In a pinnately compound leaf, the number of leaflets is present on a common axis called the rachis, which represents the midrib of the pinnately compound leaf. On the other hand, in palmately compound leaves, the leaflets are attached at a common point, that is, the tip of the petiole.

(a) Alternate: Alternate phyllotaxy is when a single leaf arises at each node in an alternate manner, the most common example being the China rose.

(b) Opposite: Opposite phyllotaxy is when a pair of leaves arise at each node and lie opposite each other. The most common examples are Calotropis and guava plants.

Q18. Write in detail about a  flower.

Answer 18- 

 A flower is classified as the reproductive unit in the angiosperms. It is the primary means for the process of sexual reproduction. A typical flower has four major kinds of whorls arranged successively on the swollen end of the stalk, also known as the pedicel. The four kinds of whorls are calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. The androecium and gynoecium are male and female reproductive organs, while the calyx and corolla are classified as accessory organs.

The four different whorls are classified as calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.

(a) Calyx: Calyx is the outermost whorl of the flower containing sepals. Majorly the sepals are green in colour and have a leaf-like structure that protects the flower in the bud stage. The calyx may be gamosepalous, where the sepals are united. Or it can be polysepalous, where the sepals are free. 

(b) Corolla: Corolla is composed of petals that are usually coloured, which attract insects for the process of pollination. The shape of the corolla depends on the structure. It can be tubular, bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, or wheel-shaped.

(c) Aestivation: Aestivation is defined as the arrangement pattern of sepals or petals in the floral bud. The pattern of arrangement depends on the other members of the same whorl. The four main types of aestivations are valvate, vexillary, twisted, and imbricate

(d) Androecium: Androecium is composed of stamens, commonly known as a flower’s male reproductive organ. Each stamen consists of a slender stalk, also called a filament and anther. Each anther is usually bilobed (two lobes). And two chambers (pollen sacs) are present in each lobe. Pollen sacs help in the production of pollen grains. The position of floral parts on the thalamus are Hypogynous, Perigynous and Epigynous

(e) Gynoecium: Gynoecium is the female reproductive part of the flower, which contains the Ovary. It is made up of one or more carpels. A carpel is classified as Ovary, stigma, and style. The stigma is present at the tip of the style, and pollen grains land there. The Ovary is an enlarged structure present in the basal part. The third part, style, connects Ovary to the stigma. Through style, the pollen grain travels. Each Ovary bears an ovule attached to a flattened, cushion-like structure known as the placenta.

A flower may be trimerous, tetramerous or pentamerous, depending on the arrangement of floral appendages.

The flowers are described as hypogynous, perigynous and epigynous on the calyx, corolla, and androecium position. 

Q19. The mature seeds of plants like grams and peas do not possess endosperm. Why?

• These plants are not classified as angiosperms
• Double fertilisation does not take place.
• The Endosperm is not generated in the mature seeds. 
• During seed development, the endosperm gets used up by the developing embryo.

Answer: Option (d) is the right answer.

Explanation – After fertilisation, the endosperm gets used by the embryo for seed development. 

Q20. In Opuntia, the stem is modified into a flattened green structure that performs the function of photosynthesis. Give two other examples of modifications of the plant parts for the process of photosynthesis.

Answer 20 –

In the plant Australian Acacia, the petiole copies the shape of the leaf and turns green to perform the process of photosynthesis.

In Asparagus, the stem, i.e., about one Internode long, modifies into a leaf-like structure to carry out photosynthesis.

Q21. Differentiate between the following terms –

• Bracteole and Bract
• Petiole and Pulvinus
• Peduncle and Pedicle
• Spadix and Spike
• Staminoid and Stamen
• Pollenium and Pollen

Answer 21 –

• A bract is always present at the base of the pedicle, whereas on the other hand, a bracteolate is always present between the bract and flower.
• Pulvinus is the swollen leaf base part present in leguminous plants, whereas, on the other hand, a petiole is a sub-cylindrical stalk that connects the leaf base with the lamina of the leaf.
• The pedicle is the stalk part of the flower, whereas the peduncle is a stalk part of a whole inflorescence.
• Spike is the term referred to when the flowers are sessile that develop on an elongated peduncle in acropetal succession, whereas spadix is covered by one of the few large bracts called spates
• Stamen represents a male reproductive organ, whereas the sterile stamen is called stamina.
• Pollen is a male gametophyte of angiosperms, whereas polonium is a group of pollen grains.

Q22. Why is a sunflower not a flower? Explain.

Answer 22 –

A sunflower is not classified as a flower because it is a type of inflorescence called a capitulum. In the capitulum, the receptacle is flat, and the whole cluster of florets gets surrounded by bracts. Which are known as an involucre. There are two kinds of florets that are recognised in sunflowers, 

(i) Ray Florets – The Ray Florets are arranged on the rim of the receptacle, which has distinct yellow and strap-shaped petals. These florets are female and sterile. Also, they are always zygomorphic and may be arranged in one or more whorls.

(ii) Disc florets – The Disc Florets are grouped in the centre, bisexual and actinomorphic.

Q23. Define the following terms:

(a) aestivation

(b) placentation

(c) actinomorphic

(d) zygomorphic

(e) superior Ovary

(f) perigynous flower

(g) epipetalous stamen

• a) Aestivation is the arrangement pattern of sepals or petals in the floral bud. The pattern of arrangement depends on the other members of the same whorl. The four main aestivation types are valvate, twisted, imbricate and vexillary.

Twisted – The twisted Type of Aestivation occurs when one margin of the appendage overlaps the adjacent one, it can either be clockwise or anti-clockwise. Like in cotton

Valvate – The valvate Type of Aestivation occurs in a whorl when the petals or sepals touch each other at the margin and do not overlap. Like in Calotropis

Imbricate – Imbricate Aestivation occurs when petals or sepals overlap but not in any definite direction. It is mostly found in Gulmohar.

Vexillary Aestivation occurs when the largest petal overlaps the two lateral petals, which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior peels. As seen in the bean flower. 

• b) Placentation is defined as the arrangement of ovules within the ovary. They are five main types –

Marginal Placentation – In this type, the placenta forms a ridge along the ventral suture of the Ovary, so the ovules are borne on the ridge to form two rows. Example – Pea

Axile Placentation – Placenta is axial, and ovules are attached to it in a multilocular ovary. Example – lemon

Parietal Placentation – In this Type, the ovules develop on the inner wall of the Ovary or the peripheral wall. It is mostly single-chambered, but due to the formation of a false septum, it becomes two-chambered. Example- Mustard

Basal Placentation – The placenta develops at the base of the Ovary, wherein a single ovule is attached to it. Example – Marigold.

Free central Placentation – In this Type, the ovules are borne on the central axis, and the septa are absent. One common example is primrose.

• C) Actinomorphic flowers are flowers which can be divided into two halves by any vertical plane. Example – Chilli
• d) Flower, which has bilateral symmetry and can be divided into two halves only in one plane, is known as a zygomorphic flower. Example – Gulmohar
• e) In the Hypogynous flower, the Gynoecium occupies the highest position while other parts remain below it. The Ovary in such a flower is known as the superior Ovary. Example – Brinjal

f)A perigynous flower is one in which the gynoecium is situated in the centre, and other parts of the flower are located on the rim of the thalamus. The Ovary is half inferior. Example – Rose

• g) Epipetalous stamen – Instead of directly being inserted over the thalamus, it has a stamen borne over a petal. Example – Brinjal

Q24.Describe the arrangement of floral members about their insertion on the thalamus.

Answer 24 – Flowers may be explained into three kinds based on the position of the calyx, corolla & androecium in respect of ovaries on the thalamus. 

(a). HYPOGYNOUS FLOWERS:- Gynoecium located at highest position & rest whorls of flower lies below it. e.g., mustard, China rose. 

(b). PERIGYNOUS FLOWERS: – The Gynoecium is situated in the centre. Other parts of the flower lie on the rim of the thalamus, almost at the same level. The Ovary is half inferior, e.g., plum rose.

 (C)EPIGYNOUS FLOWERS: – The margins of the thalamus grow upwards, enclosing the Ovary fully & getting to it. The rest of the flower rises above the Ovary. i.e., Ovaries are inferior to these flowers. E.g., guava, sunflower, cucumber.

Q25. How do various leaf modifications help plants?

The normal functions of leaves are photosynthesis, respiration & transpiration. Besides these functions, the leaves must perform other functions. Hence, they modify themselves in different ways:

(i)TENDRIL: – In some plants, the entire leaf or part is modified to a coiled thread-like structure called tendrils. Tendrils Help Plants to climb up, e.g., peas and clematis.

 (ii)SPINES: – In many plants, the leaves or their apices are modified into thin sharp & pointed structures known as spines. They help in defence. Opuntia, yucca. etc.

 (iii)SCALE LEAVES: – In onions, mostly all the leaves are in the form of fleshy scale leaves. 

(iv)PITCHER:- It is the modification of a leaf in an insectivorous plant in which the lamina takes the form of the pitcher, the apex the form of a lid to trap the insects. There are several digestive glands in the inner walls of the pitcher—these Gland Secrete Fluid Which Digests insects, e.g., Nepenthes. 

(v)PHYLLODE: -The petiole becomes green, flattened leaf-like is called phyllode, e.g. Australian Acacia.

Q26. Describe the sub-aerial modifications of the stems.

Answer 26: The main function of sub-aerial modification of stems is vegetative propagation. They are of the following types:

(i)Runners: – They contain stems that are long & thin with branches which creep along the ground & develop roots at the nodes. The mother plant produces many branches that are spread out in all directions. They can break off and get classified as independent plants. The most common plant is oxalis, doob grass. 

(ii)STOLON: – This is also a thin lateral branch arising from the stem’s base. It grew upward and bent down again, developing roots at the tip & producing a bud. The bud grows into a new plant, e.g., mint and strawberry.

(iii)OFFSET: – This is a thickened horizontal branch arising in the axil of a lower leaf. It is a short branch which produces a cluster of leaves above & tufts of roots below. The offset can break off from the mother plant & start living an independent life: E.g. Water lettuce, water hyacinth.

(iv)SUCKER: – The sucker is a lateral branch that develops from the stem’s underground part. It grows upward in an oblique manner & directly gives rise to new plants.

Q27. What are the various modifications of adventitious roots? Explain it with examples.

Answer 27- 

 MODIFICATIONS OF ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS:

(i)Tuberous Adventitious root: – It is a swollen root which does not have a definite shape. The most common example is sweet potato. 

(ii)Fasciculated Adventitious root: – When several tuberous roots arise from the same place in a cluster, they are termed fasciculated roots. The most common example is the dahlia, Asparagus. 

(iii)Beaded Adventitious root: – These roots frequently contain swollen parts, like in portulaca and Vitis.

 (iv)Prop roots: – Prop roots are pillars-like roots hanging vertically downward from the aerial branch of the plant. The most common example is the Banyan tree.

 (v)Stilt roots: – Stilt roots are short and grow obliquely from near the base of the main stem. They provide anchorage & support to the stem. The most common examples are sugarcane, maise, and sorghum.

(vi) Parasitic Roots: – These roots penetrate the host cells & absorb nutrients from the host tree, e.g. Cuscuta.

 (vii)ASSIMILATORY ROOTS: – Adventitious roots in certain plants become green to carry out photosynthesis & are called assimilatory roots, e.g. Tinospora, trapa.

Q28. Roots obtain Oxygen from the air for the process of respiration. In the absence or deficiency of Oxygen, the root growth gets restricted and stops completely. So how do the plants growing in marshlands or swamps obtain the Oxygen required for root respiration?

Answer 28 –

The plants that grow in marshlands or swamps generate vertical growth from their roots. These roots are hollow from within, and thus air enters through these roots. These roots are known as pneumatophores. These pneumatophores assist the plants in swamps and marshland areas in acquiring oxygen for root respiration.

Q29. Rearrange the following zones as observed in the vertical section of the roots and choose the correct option.

• Root hair zone
• Zone of meristems.
• Rootcap zone
• Zone of maturation
• The zone of elongation

The following options are – 

(a) C, B, E, A, D

(b) A, B, C, D, E

(c) D, E, A, C, B

(d) E, D, C, B, A

Answer 29 – The correct answer is an option (a) C, B, E, A, D

Explanation: The root cap is present at the tip, followed by a zone of meristematic tissue. This is further followed by the zone of elongation and then by the root hair zone. The zone of maturation comes after all of them at the base. 

Q30. Give two examples of roots that develop from different parts of the angiosperms plant other than the radicle.

Answer 30 –

Adventitious roots are used when the roots develop from different plant parts in angiosperms. Two examples of adventitious roots are: –

Prop Roots of Banyan: The roots of a banyan tree are an example of prop roots. These prop roots penetrate deeply into the soil and help the tree maintain balance and support itself.

Stilt Roots in Maise: The roots in maise plants exemplify stilt roots. These stilt roots enter the ground and are developed from the nodes just above the ground; they provide extra support and hoist the main plant.

Q31. The essential functions of roots are anchorage and absorption of water and minerals in the terrestrial plant. What functions are associated with the roots of aquatic plants? How are the roots of aquatic plants and terrestrial plants different?

Answer 31- 

The most important function of roots is to provide anchorage and also help the plant absorb water and minerals. Since the availability of water is not an issue for aquatic plants, the roots are not properly developed in most aquatic plants. In these aquatic free-floating plants, the roots are very few and are in a structure of fine hairs. Roots play an important role in anchorage in the plants that are submerged.

Q32. How can you differentiate between free central and axile placentation?

Placentation is considered free central when the septa are absent, and the ovules are born on the central axis.

Placentation is regarded as axile when the placenta is axial, and the ovules are attached to the placenta in a multilocular ovary.

Q33. Tendrils are found in the following plants. Identify whether they are stem tendrils or leaf tendrils.

• Watermelons

Answer 33 –

• Cucumber – Stem tendrils
• Peas – Leaf tendrils
• Pumpkins – stem tendrils
• Grapevines – stem tendrils
• Watermelons – stem tendrils

Q34. Describe various stem modifications associated with food storage, climbing and protection.

Answer 34 –

The various stem modifications that help with food storage, climbing, and protection are as follows: –

For food storage, underground stems of ginger, turmeric, potato, and colocasia are modified. These stems also function as organs of perennation that help gets over unfavourable growth conditions.

Developed from axillary buds, stem tendrils are spirally coiled and slender, which helps the plants to climb. Some examples include grapevines, pumpkins, cucumbers, watermelons etc.

It is possible for the axillary buds of the stems to be modified into straight, woody and pointed thorns. Some famous examples are Citrus and Bougainvillaea. Thorns help to protect plants from animals.

Q35. What is meant by the term modification of root? What type of modification of root is found in the following examples?

(a) Banyan tree

(c) Mangrove trees

Answer 35 – 

Primarily, there are three types of root systems found in plants: the tap root system, adventitious root system and fibrous root system. In the majority of dicotyledonous plants, direct elongation of the radicle takes place, which leads to the formation of primary roots, and this primary root grows inside the soil. Further, the primary roots and their branches constitute the taproot system, for example-mustard plants.

In most monocotyledonous plants, the primary root is short-lived and is majority replaced by many roots. Further, the primary roots originate from the base of the stem and constitute the fibrous root system. For example, wheat plants. In other plants, the roots arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle. Such a type of root is called adventitious root—for example, grass, banyan tree etc.

Roots and their modifications in various plants:

The banyan tree, scientifically called Ficus benghalensis, has massive pillar-like adventitious roots arising from the aerial part of the stem towards the ground. They provide support to the tree, and such roots are called prop roots.

The roots of turnip, which is scientifically called Brassica rape, help in food storage. Similar types of these food-storing roots are found in radishes, carrots, and sweet potatoes.

(c) Mangrove tree

The plants that grow in marshlands or swamps, like a mangrove tree, have vertical growths generated from their roots. These vertical roots are hollow from within, and thus air enters through these roots. These roots are known as pneumatophores. These pneumatophores assist the plants in swamps and marshland areas in acquiring oxygen for root respiration.

Q36. Differentiate between the following terms-

(a) Cymose and Racemose Inflorescence

(b) Adventitious and Fibrous roots

(c) Syncarpous and Apocarpous Ovary

Answer 36- 

(a) In the racemose inflorescence, the younger flowers are present at the tip, while the older flowers are arranged at the base of the inflorescence. Such an arrangement is classified as acropetal succession. And the main axis in racemose inflorescence continues to grow and produce flowers laterally. While in a cymose inflorescence, the younger flowers are at the base of the inflorescence, and the older flowers are at the top. Such an arrangement is classified as basipetal succession. The main axis in cymose inflorescence has limited growth, which later terminates into a flower.

In other plants, the roots arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle. Such Types of roots are called adventitious roots—for example, grass, banyan tree etc.

(c) In the Apocarpous Ovary, the flowers have more than one carpel, and these carpels are free-living. It is commonly observed in lotus and rose flowers. 

While on the other hand, the flowers with syncarpous Ovaries also contain more than one carpel, but these carpels are fused, as seen in tomato and mustard. 

Q37. Describe different modifications of the stem.

Answer 37 – .

The stem is also called the ascending part of the axis, as it bears branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits. It originates from the plumule of the embryo, which belongs to a germinating seed. The stem bears internodes and nodes. Nodes are the region of the stem where leaves are born, while on the other hand the Internode is the portion between two nodes. The stem is generally green when it’s young and later matures to woody and dark brown. The stems are generally modified into four main parts: Underground stems or storage stems, supportive stems, and protective and photosynthetic stems. 

The main functions of the stem are stated as follows –

Q 38. Take a flower each from the families of Fabaceae and Solanaceae and then write its semi-technical description.

Answer 38 – .

(1) Family Fabaceae/Papilionaceous (pea plant)

Fabaceae, also called Papilionaceous, is a sub-family classified under the Leguminosae family.

Vegetative features of Family Fabaceae:

Pinnately compound leaf type alternately arranged with leaf tendrils with the Pulvinus present at the leaf base along fallacious stipules. It is classified under the tap root system with root nodules.

Floral features are described as follows:

Inflorescence: Racemose Inflorescence, generally axial than terminal

 Zygomorphic and bisexual flowers contain five gamosepalous sepals, and the aestivation is imbricate.

Corolla: It contains five petals, i.e., polypetalous with vexillary aestivation.

Androecium: The Androecium consists of ten anthers diadelphous with dithecous anthers. At the same time, the Gynoecium contains a monocarpellary superior Ovary, unilocular with marginal placentation.

Fruit: Legume pod with non-endospermic seeds

Economic importance: The most common example is Peas, used as vegetables for various culinary preparations.

2) Flowers of Solanum nigrum (Family Solanaceae)

Vegetative features of Family Solanaceae:

It contains an erect, herbaceous plant with simple, exstipulate leaves that contain reticulate venation. 

It has an erect stem that has numerous branches.

Floral features are classified as:

Solitary and axillary inflorescence with actinomorphic, bisexual flowers containing calyx composed of five sepals which are united and persistent. The aestivation is valvate, and the corolla consists of five united petals.

Androecium: The Androecium consists of five epipetalous stamens, while the other hand, Gynoecium consists of a carpellary syncarpous superior Ovary with axile placentation.

The most common example is Berry

Seeds: Numerous endosperms

Economic importance: Used for medicinal purposes.

Q 39. Please describe aerial modifications of the stem which are highlighted in Biology Class 11 Chapter 5.

Answer 39. Aerial modifications of the stem could be any of the ones as follows: –

• a) Stem Tendril: – Stem tendrils are very thin and slender-like, sometimes spirally coiled structures that develop from axillary buds. They are found in the plants such as cucumber, watermelon, grapevine etc. and they help these plants to climb.
• b) Stem Thorn: – Axillary buds may sometimes grow into hard, woody straight & pointed structures which are also called thorns. The thorns arise in the axil of the leaf or at the tip of the branch. Sometimes thorn bears leave also as can be seen in Citrus plants as well as in Bougainvillaea etc.
• c) Phylloclade: – This is the green flattened or cylindrical stem which looks and performs the function of the leaf. They contain chlorophyll & also carry out photosynthesis. They have many nodes & internodes and have scaly leaves or shortened spines. These are mostly found in xerophytic plants like opuntia, epiphyllum etc. 
• d) Cladode: – This is a phylloclade of limited growth which develops, from the node of the stem or branch and in the axil of a scale leaf. Cladodes are green flat and leaf-like structures that carry on photosynthesis. Example: – Asparagus, Ruscus, etc.
• e) Bulbils: – This is a modified vegetative or floral bud meant to produce a new plant. It detaches itself from its mother plant and grows into an independent plant. Example: – Oxalis, Agave americana, Lilium.

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Q.1 Michelle’s teacher gave him a flower to write its floral formula. The given flower exhibited the following characters: Actinomorphic, bisexual, five united sepals, five united petals, stamens epipetalous and five in number, bicarpellary, syncarpous and superior ovary. Find out the correct floral formula of the given flower.

Marks: 1 Ans

Following symbols are used in the given floral formula:

Q.2 Identify the plant which exhibits a zygomorphic flower, vexillary aestivation, diadelphous androecium and marginal placentation.

The given characters belong to family Fabaceae. Pisum also belongs to family Fabaceae.

Q.3 Racemose condition show-

The arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is termed as inflorescence. In racemose, the main axis continues to grow, and the flowers are borne in acropetal succession.

Q.4 Match the type of aestivation mentioned in column 1 with their examples given in column 2 and find out the correct option.

A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i

Twisted aestivation: One margin of the appendage overlaps that of the next one.

Imbricate aestivation: An irregular overlap of petals by one another.

Valvate aestivation: The petals in a whorl are quite close to each other but there is no overlapping.

Vexillary aestivation: The posterior petals overlap the two lateral petals, which in turn overlap the two anterior petals.

Q.5 Observe the image carefully.

In which plant family this is found?

The given image is showing axile placentation. In this, the placenta is axial and the ovules are attached to it in a bilocular ovary. It is found in family Solanaceae.

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Chapterwise Important Questions Class 11 Biology

Unit 1: Diversity in the Living World

Unit 2: Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals    

Unit 3: Cell- Structure and Functions     

Unit 4: Plant Physiology

Unit 5: Human Physiology

It is important for students to prepare for Class 11 Biology exams properly and practice questions and answers which have been designed based on the latest guidelines on the type of questions to be asked in the upcoming class 11 Biology examination. We have also provided MCQ Questions for Class 11 Biology which will be very useful for students. This year more MCQ-based questions and Case study-based questions are expected in examinations. We have provided all the latest questions which are expected to come in exams on our website. Students in Class 11 should download these questions in Pdf and share with teachers and friends.

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Class 11th Biology - Cell Cycle and Cell Division Case Study Questions and Answers 2022 - 2023

Class 11th Biology - Cell Cycle and Cell Division Case Study Questions and Answers 2022 - 2023 Study Materials Sep-09 , 2022

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Cell cycle and cell division case study questions with answer key.

Final Semester - June 2015

Mitosis accomplishes not only the segregation of the duplicated chromosomes to daughter nuclei, but the cell itself divides into two daughter cells, by cytokinesis. In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs with the appearance of a furrow in the cell membrane that deepens and joins in the centre to divide the cell, but in plants it is different. (a) Why cannot the plant cells divide the same way as animalcells? (b) Name the precursor of cell walls in plant cells. What does it represent in the cell wall? (c) What will be the consequence, if cytokinesis does not follow karyokinesis? Give an example.

Sexual reproduction involves fusion of two gametes, each with a complete haploid set of chromosomes. In animals, gametes are formed from specialised diploid cells. Meiosis ensures the production of haploid phase in the life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms and fertilisation restores the diploid phase. (a) Mention the four key features of meiosis. (b) Why does reduction in the number of chromosomes occur during meiosis?

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CBSE Important Questions for Class 11 Biology

CBSE Important Questions for Class 11 Biology are prepared by the subject experts and are extensively helpful for students in their board exam preparations. Biology is a core subject which involves a detailed study of life and living organism. Students who are preparing for competitive examination such as NEET require deep knowledge of the Biology subject. This page provides students with additional CBSE Important Questions to practise and test their knowledge. These CBSE Class 11 Biology Important Questions will help in annual exam preparation and competitive exams.

Class 11 Biology Important Questions

Students can find the Biology chapter-wise CBSE Important Questions for Class 11 in the table below. These important questions also include questions which have been frequently asked in past years. Furthermore, solutions are provided for these questions, emphasising ease of study. Click on the links below to start exploring.

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NCERT Class 11 Biology -Latest Syllabus Based Study Material

A comprehensive online resource for mastering ncert class 11 biology. learn key concepts, understand complex topics, and excel in your exams with chapter-wise tutorials, engaging explanations, and practice questions..

Important Diagrams

Discover a smoother learning journey through our effortless roadmap

Chapter 1: The Living World

The Living World - Introduction, Classification, Characteristics, FAQs

Diversity In The Living World

Binomial Nomenclature - Definition, Rules, Classification and Examples

Taxonomic Hierarchy In Biological Classification

Difference Between Phylum and Class

Genus and Family

Taxonomical Aids

Herbarium : Technique, Importance and Functions

Botanical Gardens

Chapter 2: Biological Classification

18 articles

Biological Classification

Kingdom Monera - Definition, Classification, Characteristics, Examples

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria - Structure, Characteristics, Classification, and Types

Kingdom Protista

Chrysophytes

Dinoflagellates

Slime Moulds

Protozoans - Structure, Classification, Characteristics, Examples

Kingdom Fungi

Phycomycetes

Ascomycetes - Introduction, Characteristics, Reproduction, Importance

Basidiomycetes

Deuteromycetes

Kingdom Plantae - Class 11 Biology

Kingdom Animalia - Definition, Classification, Characteristics

Viruses, Viroids, Prions And Lichens

Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom

13 articles

What is Plant Kingdom?

Algae - Definition, Characteristics, Types and Examples

Chlorophyceae

Phaeophyceae - Overview, Characteristics, Importance, Examples

Rhodophyceae

Bryophytes | Class 11 Biology

Pteridophytes

Gymnosperms - Definition, Characteristics, Uses and Examples

Angiosperms

Difference between Angiosperms and Gymnosperms

Plant Life Cycles and Alternation of Generations

Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom

17 articles

Animal Kingdom

Classification of Animal Kingdom

Levels of Organization in Animals

Symmetry in Animals - Definition, Types and Importance

Diploblastic And Triploblastic Organization

Classification of Animals

Phylum Porifera

Phylum Coelenterata | Class 11 Biology

Phylum Ctenophora

Platyhelminthes

Phylum Aschelminthes

Phylum Annelida

Phylum Arthropoda

Phylum Mollusca

Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum Hemichordata

Phylum Chordata

Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

15 articles

Morphology of Flowering Plants - Flower, Fruit, Seed, Roots

Root System in Plants - Types and Functions of Root

Stem - Characteristics and Functions

Leaf -Structure, Characteristics Notes CBSE Class-11

Morphology of Flower - Definition, Structure, Parts, Examples

Parts of a Flower and their Functions

Androecium - Definition, Components, Structure, Functions

Gynoecium - Definition, Concept, Parts, Functions

What is a Fruit?

Structure Of A Dicotyledonous Seed

Structure Of Monocotyledonous Seed

Semi Technical Description of a Flowering Plant - Class 11 Biology

Fabaceae - Overview, Characteristics, Classification, Importance

Solanaceae - Characteristics, Importance, Examples

Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

10 articles

Meristematic Tissues | Class 11 Biology

Permanent Tissues

Why are Xylem and Phloem called Complex Tissues?

Epidermal Tissue System: Its Functions and Tissue in Plant

Difference between Dicot and Monocot Root

Monocot and Dicot Stems - Definition, Structure, Characteristics, Examples

Describe the Internal Structure of a Dorsiventral Leaf

Isobilateral (Monocotyledonous) Leaf - Definition, Features, Structure, Examples

Secondary Growth

Cork Cambium

Chapter 7: Structural Organization In Animals

11 articles

Structural Organization in Animals

Epithelial Tissue - Introduction, Characteristics, Types, Importance

Connective Tissue - Definition, Functions, Types, Examples

Muscular Tissue

Neural Tissue

Organ System

Morphology of Earthworm - Definition, Classification, Diagram and Examples

Earthworm Anatomy

Morphology of Cockroach

Anatomy of Cockroach

Morphology and Anatomy of Frogs

Chapter 8: Cell-The Unit of Life

Prokaryotic Cells

Cell Envelope - Definition, Classification, Types, Functions

Ribosomes and Inclusion Bodies

Eukaryotic Cells

Cell Membrane

Endomembrane System - Overview, Structure, and Functions

Mitochondria

Golgi Apparatus

Plastids - Definition, Classification, Structure, Functions

Ribosomes | Class 11 Biology

Cytoskeleton - Definition, Structure, Components, Functions

Cilia And Flagella - Definition, Structure, Functions and FAQs

What is Nucleus? | Class 11 Biology

Chapter 9: Biomolecules

Biomolecules - Definition, Structure, Classification, Examples

How To Analyze Chemical Composition?

What are Metabolites - Primary and Secondary Metabolites

Biomacromolecules - Definition, Types, Functions, Significance

Proteins - Definition, Structure, Significance, Examples

Polysaccharides

Nucleic Acid - Definition, Function, Structure, and Types

Protein Structure - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary

Metabolic Basis For Living | CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 9

Enzymes - Definition, Structure, Classification, Examples

How Do Enzymes Bring About Such High Rates Of Chemical Conversions?

Nature of Enzyme Action

Mechanism of Enzymes Action

Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

Cofactors - Definition, Structure, Types, Examples

Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Cell Division: Mitosis & Meiosis, Different Phases of Cell Cycle

Mitosis - Overview, Phases, & Significance Class Notes

Mitosis Cell Division: Definition, Stages and Diagram

Meiosis - Definition, Stages, Function and Purpose

Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Where Does Photosynthesis Take Place?

Photosynthetic Pigments

What Is Light Dependent Reaction?

Electron Transport System (ETS) And Oxidative Phosphorylation

Cyclic and Non-cyclic Photo-phosphorylation

Chemiosmotic Hypothesis

Where are the Atp and Nadph Used?

C4 Cycle of Photosynthesis

Photorespiration - Definition, Diagram, Process, Significance

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

Chapter 12: Respiration in Plants

Respiration In Plants Class 11 Notes

Do Plants Breathe?

What is Glycolysis ?

Fermentation: Meaning, Process, Types and Importance

Aerobic Respiration

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle - Overview, Stages, Roles, Significance

Respiratory Balance Sheet - CBSE Class 11 Notes

Respiratory Quotient

Chapter 13: Plant-Growth and Development

Plant Growth - Definition, Types, Factors Affecting, Examples

Phases of Growth In Plants - Growth Rates

Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation in Plant Growth

Plant Growth and Development

Physiological Effects Of Plant Growth Regulators

Photoperiodism: Meaning, Process and Examples

Vernalization

Seed Dormancy

Chapter 14: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Human Respiratory System

Inspiration and Expiration

Lung Volumes And Capacities

Exchange Of Gases Notes CBSE Class 11

Transport of Carbon Dioxide in the Blood

Regulation Of Respiration

Respiratory System Disorders - Definition, Causes, Types, Symptoms

Chapter 15: Body Fluids and Circulation

Body Fluids and Circulation

Plasma And Formed Elements

Blood Groups - ABO Blood Group and Rh Group System

Blood Coagulation

Lymphatic System

Circulatory Pathways - Anatomy and Functions

Human Circulatory System

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Double Circulation

Regulation of Cardiac Activity

Disorders of the Circulatory System

Chapter 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination

Excretory Products and their Elimination

Human Excretory System

Mechanism of Urine Formation

Functions of Renal Tubules

Mechanism Of Concentration Of The Filtrate

Regulation of Kidney Function Notes Class 11

Role of Other Organs In Excretion

Disorders Of The Excretory System

Chapter 17: Locomotion and Movement

Locomotion And Movement

Contractile Proteins, Types and their Functions

Mechanism of Muscle Contraction - CBSE Class 11

Skeletal System: Anatomy and Function, Diagram

Chapter 18: Neural Control and Coordination

Overview of Nervous System

Generation And Conduction Of Nerve Impulse - NCERT Notes

Transmission of Nerve Impulses

Central Nervous System

Reflex Action

Sensory Perception

Anatomy and Physiology of Human Ear

Chapter 19: Chemical Coordination and Integration

Endocrine Glands

Hypothalamus - Function, Hormones and Disorder

Pituitary Gland

Pineal Gland

Thyroid Gland - Anatomy, Function and Clinical Aspects

Parathyroid Gland - Functions and Disorders

What is Thymus Gland?

Adrenal Gland

Testes - Anatomy and Functions

Ovary - Female Reproductive System

Hormones of Heart, Kidney And Gastrointestinal

Mechanism of Hormone Action - Notes CBSE Class 11

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology

19 articles

NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 1 Living World

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 - Biological Classification

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 - Plant Kingdom

NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 4 Animal Kingdom

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 7 Structural Organisation in Animals

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 8 Cell The Unit of Life

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 9 - Biomolecules

NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 10 Cell Cycle and Cell Division

NCERT Solutions Chapter 11 of Class 11 Biology - Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 12 Respiration in Plants

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 - Plant Growth and Development

NCERT Solutions of Class 11 Chapter 14 Breathing and Exchange of Gases

NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 15 Body Fluids and Circulation

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 16 Excretory Products and Their Elimination

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 Locomotion and Movement

Class 11 Biology NCERT Notes Chapter 18 - Neural Control and Coordination

NCERT Notes for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19: Chemical Coordination and Integration

Important Biology Diagrams - Class 8-12 & NEET

About the Tutorial

This interactive course is designed to help you ace NCERT Class 11 Biology. Each chapter breakdown provides clear explanations, illustrative diagrams, and practice exercises to solidify your understanding

Reasons to Learn NCERT Class 11 Biology:

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Key Highlights of this Study Material:

• Our Course Designed to help you understand complex topics and excel in your CBSE Class 11 Biology exam.
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• We focus on important exam topics and give you tips to score higher.
• We made learning easy with Chapter wise breakdowns to ensure you focus on the exact topics you need to learn.
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The Class 11th biology tutorials on GeeksforGeeks are a lifesaver! The clear explanations make learning complex concepts like genetics and ecology a simpler

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Which is the best guide for Class 11 CBSE?

NCERT Textbooks are key. Practice with NCERT Exemplar problems. Consider reference books later for extra practice. Use online resources for explainer videos or tests. Focus on understanding, not memorizing.

Which is the toughest subject in class 11 science?

The perception of difficulty can vary by student, but Physics is often considered the toughest subject in Class 11 Science (for both PCM and PCB streams) because it requires a strong foundation in Math and involves abstract concepts.

Where can I get best notes for Class 11?

There are two main options for Class 11 notes: NCERT Textbooks: These are the official source and a great starting point. Make your own notes while studying them. Online Resources: Many websites and apps offer free or paid Class 11 revision notes. Look for sites with good reputations and content based on the CBSE curriculum.

How to make notes for class 11 science?

-Be organized: Use a notebook with clear headings and leave space for adding details later. -Focus on key information: Write down definitions, diagrams, equations, and experiment results. -Use abbreviations and bullet points: Save time and make notes easier to scan. -Leave space for questions: Note down anything unclear for later clarification from teachers. -Drawings and diagrams: Include visuals to represent complex concepts. Review and revise: Briefly go over your notes after class to solidify your understanding.

How to get 90% in class 11?

Here's how to aim for a 90+ in Class 11: Plan and prioritize: Make a study schedule and identify important topics. Master NCERT: Understand concepts thoroughly from NCERT textbooks. Practice consistently: Solve questions from NCERT Exemplar and other sources. Plug knowledge gaps: Seek help from teachers or classmates for areas you struggle with. Revise effectively: Regularly review notes and key concepts to retain information. Manage time well: Balance studying with breaks to avoid burnout.

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Case Study Questions Class 11 Biology Biomolecules

Case study questions class 11 biology chapter 9 biomolecules.

CBSE Class 11 Case Study Questions Biology Biomolecules. Important Case Study Questions for Class 11 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Biomolecules.

At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks.

CBSE Case Study Questions Class 11 Biology Biomolecules

Enzymes are composed of one or several polypeptide chains. However, there are a number of cases in which non-protein constituents called co-factors are bound to the enzyme to make the enzyme catalytically active. In these instances, the protein portion of the enzymes is called the apoenzyme. Three kinds of cofactors may be identified: prosthetic groups, co-enzymes and metal ions. Prosthetic groups are organic compounds and are distinguished from other cofactors in that they are tightly bound to the apoenzyme. For example, in peroxidase and catalase, which catalyze the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen, haem is the prosthetic group and it is a part of the active site of the enzyme. Co-enzymes are also organic compounds but their association with the apoenzyme is only transient, usually occurring during the course of catalysis. Furthermore, co-enzymes serve as co-factors in a number of different enzyme catalyzed reactions. The essential chemical components of many coenzymes are vitamins, e.g., coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and NADP contain the vitamin niacin. A number of enzymes require metal ions for their activity which form coordination bonds with side chains at the active site and at the same time form one or more cordination bonds with the substrate, e.g., zinc is a cofactor for the proteolytic enzyme carboxypeptidase. Catalytic activity is lost when the co-factor is removed from the enzyme which testifies that they play a crucial role in the catalytic activity of the enzyme.

1.) In complex of protein and co-factors, protein is referred as ___________________.

a) Proenzyme

b) Coenzyme

c) Apoenzyme

d.) Proteinase enzyme.

2.) ________________ Co-factor are found very tightly bound to the apoenzyme.

a.) Co-enzyme

b.) Proenzyme

c,) Proteinase

d.) Prosthetic

3.) Enlist the type of co-factor with examples.

4.) Define co-factors.

5.) What result come off if co-factor is removed from the enzyme?

3.) Three kinds of cofactors

• Prosthetic groups – e.g. Haem
• Co-enzymes – e.g. Niacin
• Metal ions – e.g. zinc

4.) Co-factor are the non-protein constituents are bound to the enzyme to make the enzyme catalytically active. Enzymes are composed of one or several polypeptide chains. However, there are a number of cases in which non-protein constituents are bound to the enzyme to make the enzyme catalytically active.

5.) Catalytic activity is lost when the co-factor is removed from the enzyme which testifies that they play a crucial role in the catalytic activity of the enzyme.

The activity of an enzyme can be affected by a change in the conditions which can alter the tertiary structure of the protein. These include temperature, pH, and change in substrate concentration or binding of specific chemicals that regulate its activity. Temperature and pH Enzymes generally function in a narrow range of temperature and pH. Each enzyme shows its highest activity at a particular temperature and pH called the optimum temperature and optimum pH. Activity declines both below and above the optimum value. Low temperature preserves the enzyme in a temporarily inactive state whereas high temperature destroys enzymatic activity because proteins are denatured by heat.

Concentration of Substrate With the increase in substrate concentration, the velocity of the enzymatic reaction rises at first. The reaction ultimately reaches a maximum velocity (Vmax) which is not exceeded by any further rise in concentration of the substrate. This is because the enzyme molecules are fewer than the substrate molecules and after saturation of these molecules, there are no free enzyme molecules to bind with the additional substrate molecules.

The activity of an enzyme is also sensitive to the presence of specific chemicals that bind to the enzyme. When the binding of the chemical shuts off enzyme activity, the process is called inhibition and the chemical is called an inhibitor.

When the inhibitor closely resembles the substrate in its molecular structure and inhibits the activity of the enzyme, it is known as competitive inhibitor. Due to its close structural similarity with the substrate, the inhibitor competes with the substrate for the substrate binding site of the enzyme. Consequently, the substrate cannot bind and as a result, the enzyme action declines, e.g., inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by malonate which closely resembles the substrate succinate in structure. Such competitive inhibitors are often used in the control of bacterial pathogens.

1.) _______________ is a chemical compound or molecule which is responsible for decrease or stop the enzyme activity by binding to an enzyme.

a.) Catalyser

b) Inhibitor

c) Regulator

d) Controller

2.) _______________ preserve the enzyme and keep them in temporarily inactive state.

a.) Optimum pH

c) Optimum temperature

d) Low temperature

3.) Give reason – why most of the enzymes destroyed in high temperature condition?

4.) Explain the relation between substrate concentration and enzymatic activity?

5.) Explain competitive inhibition and inhibitor.

3.) Enzymes are composed of one or several polypeptide chains. Almost all enzymes are protein. High temperature condition destroys enzymatic activity because proteins are denatured by heat.

4.) Concentration of Substrate With the increase in substrate concentration, the velocity of the enzymatic reaction rises at first. The reaction ultimately reaches a maximum velocity (Vmax) which is not exceeded by any further rise in concentration of the substrate. This is because the enzyme molecules are fewer than the substrate molecules and after saturation of these molecules, there are no free enzyme molecules to bind with the additional substrate molecules.

5.) When the inhibitor closely resembles the substrate in its molecular structure and inhibits the activity of the enzyme, it is known as competitive inhibitor. Due to its close structural similarity with the substrate, the inhibitor competes with the substrate for the substrate binding site of the enzyme. Consequently, the substrate cannot bind and as a result, the enzyme action declines. This phenomenon is called as competitive inhibition.

Almost all enzymes are proteins. There are some nucleic acids that behave like enzymes. These are called ribozymes. An enzyme like any protein has a primary structure, i.e., amino acid sequence of the protein. An enzyme like any protein has the secondary and the tertiary structure. When you look at a tertiary structure you will notice that the backbone of the protein chain folds upon itself, the chain criss-crosses itself and hence, many crevices or pockets are made. One such pocket is the ‘active site’. An active site of an enzyme is a crevice or pocket into which the substrate fits. Thus enzymes, through their active site, catalyse reactions at a high rate. Enzyme catalysts differ from inorganic catalysts in many ways, but one major difference needs mention. Inorganic catalysts work efficiently at high temperatures and high pressures, while enzymes get damaged at high temperatures (say above 40°C). However, enzymes isolated from organisms who normally live under extremely high temperatures (e.g., hot vents and sulphur springs), are stable and retain their catalytic power even at high temperatures (upto 80°-90°C). Thermal stability is thus an important quality of such enzymes isolated from thermophilic organisms.

1.) _____________ is the pocket like region of an enzyme into which substrate molecules bind.

a) Protein site

b) Co-factors

c) Coenzyme

d) Active site

2.) Identify incorrect statement

Statement 1 – Nucleic acids which behave like enzymes are commonly termed as nucliozymes.

Statement 2 – An enzyme like any protein has a primary, secondary and the tertiary structure.

Statement 3 – Enzyme catalysts differ from inorganic catalysts in many ways.

Statement 4 – All enzymes are proteins.

b) Both 1 & 3

d.) None of the above

3.) How active site of enzymes are formed?

4.) Explain how Enzyme catalysts differ from inorganic catalysts?

5.) What is ribozymes?

3.) Enzyme have primary, secondary and tertiary structure like proteins. In tertiary structure, backbone of the protein chain folds upon itself, the chain criss-crosses itself and leads to the formation of many crevices or pockets are made. These pockets are referred as active site of enzyme. An active site of an enzyme is a crevice or pocket into which the substrate fits.

4.) Enzyme catalysts differ from inorganic catalysts in many ways. Inorganic catalysts work efficiently at high temperatures and high pressures, while enzymes get damaged at high temperatures (above 40°C). There are some exceptions such as enzyme isolated from thermophilic organisms.

5.) There are some nucleic acid behave like an enzymes, these nucleic acid is termed as ribozymes.

Metabolic pathways can lead to a more complex structure from a simpler structure (for example, acetic acid becomes cholesterol) or lead to a simpler structure from a complex structure (for example, glucose becomes lactic acid in our skeletal muscle). The former cases are called biosynthetic pathways or anabolic pathways. The latter constitute degradation and hence are called catabolic pathways. Anabolic pathways, as expected, consume energy. Assembly of a protein from amino acids requires energy input. On the other hand, catabolic pathways lead to the release of energy. For example, when glucose is degraded to lactic acid in our skeletal muscle, energy is liberated. This metabolic pathway from glucose to lactic acid which occurs in 10 metabolic steps is called glycolysis. Living organisms have learnt to trap this energy liberated during degradation and store it in the form of chemical bonds. As and when needed, this bond energy is utilised for biosynthetic, osmotic and mechanical work that we perform. The most important form of energy currency in living systems is the bond energy in a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

There are thousands of chemical compounds in a living organism, otherwise called as metabolites or biomolecules, are present at concentrations characteristic of each of them. For example, the blood concentration of glucose in a normal healthy individual is 4.2 mmol/L– 6.1 mmol/L, while that of hormones would be nanograms/mL. The most important fact of biological systems is that all living organisms exist in a steady-state characterised by concentrations of each of these biomolecules. These biomolecules are in a metabolic flux. Any chemical or physical process moves spontaneously to equilibrium. The steady state is a non-equilibrium state. Systems at equilibrium cannot perform work. As living organisms work continuously, they cannot afford to reach equilibrium. Hence the living state is a non-equilibrium steady state to be able to perform work; living process is a constant effort to prevent falling into equilibrium. This is achieved by energy input. Metabolism provides a mechanism for the production of energy. Hence the living state and metabolism are synonymous. Without metabolism there cannot be a living state.

1.) ________________ is the destructive process, which involves complex structure breakdown into simple form.

a) Amphibolic pathway

b) Anabolic pathway

c) Catabolic pathway

d) None of the above

2.) ______________ is the normal glucose concentration in normal healthy individual.

a) 9 mmol/L– 6.8 mmol/L

b) 5 mmol/L– 6.5 mmol/L

c) 0 mmol/L– 7.1 mmol/L

d) 2 mmol/L– 6.1 mmol/L

3.) Give any one example of catabolic reaction that take place in human body.

4.) Give the name of chemical bond in which energy liberated during degradation of metabolites, is stored.

5.) Define anabolic pathways and catabolic pathways.

3.) Glucose becomes lactic acid in our skeletal muscle is the catabolic pathway reaction, which constitute degradation of biomolecule and release energy.

4.) In Living organism energy liberated during degradation of metabolites stored in the form of chemical bonds i.e. ATP. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the most important form of energy currency in living systems.

5) Anabolic pathway – Metabolic pathways which leads to a more complex structure from a simpler structure are termed as anabolic pathways or biosynthetic pathways.

Catabolic pathway – Metabolic pathways which leads to a simpler structure from a complex structure are termed as catabolic pathways.

Proteins are heteropolymers containing strings of amino acids. Structure of molecules means different things in different contexts. In inorganic chemistry, the structure invariably refers to the molecular formulae (e.g., NaCl, MgCl2, etc.). Organic chemists always write a two dimensional view of the molecules while representing the structure of the molecules (e.g., benzene, naphthalene, etc.). Physicists conjure up the three dimensional views of molecular structures while biologists describe the protein structure at four levels. The sequence of amino acids i.e., the positional information in a protein – which is the first amino acid, which is second, and so on – is called the primary structure of a protein. A protein is imagined as a line, the left end represented by the first amino acid and the right end represented by the last amino acid. The first amino acid is also called as N-terminal amino acid. The last amino acid is called the C-terminal amino acid. A protein thread does not exist throughout as an extended rigid rod. The thread is folded in the form of a helix, only some portions of the protein thread are arranged in the form of a helix. In proteins, only right handed helices are observed. Other regions of the protein thread are folded into other forms in what is called the secondary structure. In addition, the long protein chain is also folded upon itself like a hollow woollen ball, giving rise to the tertiary structure. This gives us a 3-dimensional view of a protein. Tertiary structure is absolutely necessary for the many biological activities of proteins.

Some proteins are an assembly of more than one polypeptide or subunits. The manner in which these individual folded polypeptides or subunits are arranged with respect to each other (e.g. linear string of spheres, spheres arranged one upon each other in the form of a cube or plate etc.) is the architecture of a protein otherwise called the quaternary structure of a protein (Fig. 9.4 d). Adult human haemoglobin consists of 4 subunits. Two of these are identical to each other. Hence, two subunits of α type and two subunits of β type together constitute the human haemoglobin (Hb).

In a polypeptide or a protein, amino acids are linked by a peptide bond which is formed when the carboxyl (-COOH) group of one amino acid reacts with the amino (-NH2 ) group of the next amino acid with the elimination of a water moiety (the process is called dehydration). In a polysaccharide the individual monosaccharides are linked by a Glycosidic bond. This bond is also formed by dehydration. This bond is formed between two carbon atoms of two adjacent monosaccharides. In a nucleic acid a phosphate moiety links the 3’-carbon of one sugar of one nucleotide to the 5’-carbon of the sugar of the succeeding nucleotide. The bond between the phosphate and hydroxyl group of sugar is an ester bond. As there is one such ester bond on either side, it is called phosphodiester bond. Nucleic acids exhibit a wide variety of secondary structures. For example, one of the secondary structures exhibited by DNA is the famous Watson – Crick Model. This model says that DNA exists as a double helix. The two strands of polynucleotides are antiparallel i.e., run in the opposite direction. The backbone is formed by the sugar-phosphate-sugar chain. The nitrogen bases are projected more or less perpendicular to this backbone but face inside. A and G of one strand compulsorily base pairs with T and C, respectively, on the other strand.There are two hydrogen bonds between A and T and three hydrogen bonds between G and C. Each strand appears like a helical staircase.

1.) To form polypeptide molecules, number of amino acids joined together by _______________ bond.

a.) Covalent bond

b) Glycosidic bond

c) Peptide bond

d) Phosphodiester bond

2.) Number of monosaccharides are joined together by _____________ to form polysaccharide.

a.) Phosphodiester bond

c) Hydrogen bond

d) Ester bond

3.) Define N-terminal amino acid and c-terminal amino acid.

4.) Explain how amino acid chain formed in the formation of polypeptide molecule.

5.) Name the bond present between nitrogen bases ( A and G / T and C ) of nucleic acid.

3) The first amino acid present in amino acid chain is also called as N-terminal amino acid. The last amino acid is called the C-terminal amino acid.

4) When the carboxyl (-COOH) group of one amino acid reacts with the amino (-NH2) group of the next amino acid, they form peptide bond between them. This way formation of amino acid chain continuous which leads to the polypeptide.

5) The nitrogen bases A and G of one strand compulsorily base pairs with T and C, respectively, there are two hydrogen bonds between A and T and three hydrogen bonds between G and C.

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Class 11 Biology: Case Study of Chapter 13 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants PDF Download

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In Class 11 Final Exams there will be Case studies and Passage Based Questions will be asked, So practice these types of questions. Study Rate is always there to help you. Free PDF Download of CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 Case Study and Passage Based Questions with Answers were Prepared Based on Latest Exam Pattern. Students can solve NCERT Class 11 Biology Photosynthesis in Higher Plants to know their preparation level.

Join our Telegram Channel, there you will get various e-books for CBSE 2024 Boards exams for Class 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th.

In CBSE Class 11 Biology Paper, There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage-based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Case Study Questions With Answers

Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 11 Biology  Chapter 13 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Case Study/Passage-Based Questions

Case Study 1:

The splitting of water is associated with the PS II; water is split into 2H+, [O] and electrons. This creates oxygen, one of the net products of photosynthesis. The electrons needed to replace those removed from photosystem I are provided by photosystem II. Water splitting complex is associated with the PS II, which itself is physically located on the inner side of the membrane of the thylakoid.

Cyclic and Non-cyclic Photo-phosphorylation

Living organisms have the capability of extracting energy from oxidisable substances and store this in the form of bond energy. Special substances like ATP, carry this energy in their chemical bonds. The process through which ATP is synthesised by cells (in mitochondria and chloroplasts) is named phosphorylation. Photo-phosphorylation is the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate in the presence of light. When the two photosystems work in a series, first PS II and then the PS I, a process called non-cyclic photo-phosphorylation occurs. The two photosystems are connected through an electron transport chain. Both ATP and NADPH + H+ are synthesised by this kind of electron flow.

When only PS I is functional, the electron is circulated within the photosystem and the phosphorylation occurs due to cyclic flow of electrons. A possible location where this could be happening is in the stroma lamellae. While the membrane or lamellae of the grana have both PS I and PS II the stroma lamellae membranes lack PS II as well as NADP reductase enzyme. The excited electron does not pass on to NADP+ but is cycled back to the PS I complex through the electron transport chain. The cyclic flow hence, results only in the synthesis of ATP, but not of NADPH + H+ . Cyclic photophosphorylation also occurs when only light of wavelengths beyond 680 nm are available for excitation.

1.) Photolysis of water or splitting of water molecule takes place in _____________

• a) Photosystem PS I
• b) Photosystem PS II
• c) Photosystem PS III
• d) Both PS I and PS II

Ans: b) Photosystem PS II

2.) Water molecule splits into_________________ in presence of light.

• a) Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Electrons
• b) Hydrogen, Oxygen and Protons
• c) Hydrogen, Oxygen and Neutrons
• d) Hydrogen, Oxygen and Electrons

Ans: d) Hydrogen, Oxygen and Electrons

3.) By which mechanism two photosystem can be connected and work in series?

Ans: The two photosystems are connected through an electron transport chain, which makes them work in series.

4.) Define phosphorylation and Photo-phosphorylation.

Ans: Phosphorylation is the process through ATP molecules are synthesised by cells.

5.) Name the cell organelles in which the process of phosphorylation is carried out.

Ans: Photo-phosphorylation is the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate in the presence of light.

Hope the information shed above regarding Case Study and Passage Based Questions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants with Answers Pdf free download has been useful to an extent. If you have any other queries about CBSE Class 11 Biology Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Case Study and Passage Based Questions with Answers, feel free to comment below so that we can revert back to us at the earliest possible. By Team Study Rate

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