educational system of russia

News & Insights
Education System
Grading System
Credentials
Universities

Primary Education

Middle education, secondary education, vocational education, tertiary education.

Education System in Russia: Sociocultural Reforms

Reference work entry
First Online: 01 January 2023
pp 3608–3627
Cite this reference work entry

Alexander G. Asmolov 2

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Available as PDF
Read on any device
Instant download
Own it forever
Available as EPUB and PDF
Durable hardcover edition
Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

Alexander G. Asmolov

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexander G. Asmolov .

Editor information

Editors and affiliations.

Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA

Ali Farazmand

“Our New School”: Social Project to Develop the Personality, Society, and State

“Our New School” educational initiative was formulated in the message of the President of the Russian Federation D. Medvedev to the Federal Assembly. Behind this initiative there is understanding of education as a system creating personality and the mode of life of the people, transferring the national values to new generations, and supporting motivation of a personality toward acquiring knowledge and innovations. Such ideological view of education gives a historical chance to realize creative potential of leading national scientific schools of psychology and pedagogy, considering education as a major social activity and the condition of sociocultural modernization of Russian society. Rewording the well-known utterance of L. Vygotsky, as applied to society development, that the education leads to development, the mission of “Our New School” initiative can be defined by the words: “Our new school is a school leading to the society development.”

Thus, to achieve the goal set by the President, it is appropriate to consider “Our New School” initiative a social project of developing the personality, society, and state, which affects the interests of widest Russian society strata.

General Features and Major Tasks of “Our New School” Project as a Scientific Support of the President of the Russian Federation Initiative Within the System of Russian Academy of Education

“Our New School” project mission : implementation of the nationwide ideology and policy, directed at successful socialization of the oncoming generation (including optimal integration of the children with problems in studying and behavior into the society); achieving such system effects as society harmonization and social stratification; forming civil identity; and developing the national innovation system as the key factor of increasing competitiveness of the country.

“Our New School” project task : designing education as a leading societal activity of the society, which forms the mentality, values, and norms of behavior in social groups (including children and teenagers in the groups of social risk) and provides a set of social and professional personal competences.

“Our New School” target area : educational space as a social network which includes preschool, general education, additional education of children and teenagers, and education of children of social risk along with other socialization institutes/family, mass media, religion, and socioeconomical institutes and determines the social effects of interacting between the education and these institutes in the life of a person, society, and state.

Content Development

Task 1. Developing the methodology of interdisciplinary analysis and evaluation of risks in the socialization of the oncoming generation as the ground for designing a modern school :

Developing the methodology of forecasting the development of education as the institute of personality socialization

Determining the priority directions of interdisciplinary investigations of general education as a socialization institute considering modern trends of science development in the sphere of human social development (development biology, development physiology, psychogenetics, neuropsychology, anthropology and ethnography of childhood, child social psychology, sociology, demography, education economics, etc.)

Monitoring of the oncoming generation portrait in the modern society including monitoring of aspirations and professional orientations of teenagers and young people in the modern social development situation and also sociocultural and ethno-regional peculiarities of the educational system development

Complex project of investigating the role of general education in forming civil, ethnic, sociocultural, and religious personal identity in modern Russia

Developing the strategy of additional education of children and teenagers, providing the motivation to acquire knowledge and creativity

Designing modern school as a resource of establishing tolerance, trust, and psychological comfort and a condition for reducing the risk of interdenominational and ethnic conflicts

Development and approbation of methods of diagnostics and support of study motivation of schoolchildren as a condition of mastering versatile educational programs

Development of a set of innovational programs in the sphere of additional education of children which enables developing study motivation and social orientation for various professions among schoolchildren

Creation of a branched system of identification and support of gifted children and follow-up during the whole period of personality development

Development of the norms of organizational behavior in educational institutions as the condition of overcoming crises of personality development in the system of general education

Development of psychological and pedagogical programs in forming social competence of children on the stages of the elementary and basic general education

Development of technologies of diagnostics, avoiding and preventing social risks in Russian multicultural education space

Development and approbation of innovational tutorial game complexes in forming the key competences of the children of preschool and junior school age in the system of additional education

Task 2. Development of innovative content and technologies of preschool, general, and additional education as the ground for socialization of the oncoming generation, building a civil society and economics of knowledge :

Development of the strategy of complex modernization of content of preschool education

Monitoring of psychological well-being and personal development of preschool children and elementary school students as a condition of designing an evolutive educational environment

Development and approbation of the criteria system for evaluating the engagement of preschool education into innovational processes based on the flexibility and variability of forms for providing services, support, and a better fulfillment of family potential as an informal education institution

Implementation of a new generation of general education standards, including the standards of the system of special education for children with limited health abilities, which include the requirements to the results of acquisition, structure, and conditions of implementing basic educational programs enabling successful socialization of students

Development of methodology of evaluating individual achievements of students as a basis for transition to the next educational level

Development and approbation of programs of universal actions directed at developing competences of students in making decisions in a wide range of problem situations, including the situations of uncertainty

Task 3. Development of a strategy of forming a healthy and safe way of life and individual approach to each student, minimizing the children health risks in the learning process in modern school :

Development of the requirements to educational institutions considering preventive care activities and requirements to the results of acquisition of major educational programs from the perspective of developing health and safety culture along with corresponding behavioral patterns among students

Development and approbation of programs for students aiming at the formation of foundations of personal safety and prevention of deviating activities among children

Task 4. Formation of a system of training and support of certified experts engaged in external evaluation of educational institutions within the framework of accreditation :

Development of a model and normative methodological support of advanced training of certified experts engaged in external evaluation of educational institutions within the framework of accreditation

Infrastructure

Task 1. Development of the national system for diagnostics and psychological and pedagogical support of cultivation of individual abilities of children at various stages of their life journey :

Development of a system of consultative and methodological support and providing versatile field-specific education, among other things using individual educational programs for students and network interaction of educational institutions

Creation of a system of psychological and pedagogical expertise of game products, including computer games, with the purpose of developing study motivation among children of preschool and elementary school age and minimizing risks of disadaptation of preschool children and elementary school students

Creation of an evolutive informational Internet resource of game complexes to provide the possibilities of efficient involvement of the children and teenagers in learning intellectual and evolutive games, formation of basic principles of personal and social safety, and arrangement of useful and constructive leisure time

Optimization of children’s additional education institutions in the directions developing the children’s creative interest to media and information technologies and engineering and designing activity

Development of infrastructure of the educational institutions for children, requiring psychological, pedagogical, medical, and social assistance, including equipment for psychological and pedagogical diagnostics, correction, and rehabilitation of minors based on modern health-saving technologies using computer technology

Creation of a system of crisis support for the children in risk group, which would deal with psychological, pedagogical, and legal support and rehabilitation, aiming at network interaction with educational institutions and providing the monitoring of social successfulness/unsuccessfulness of children with problems of development, learning, and behavior

Human Resources

Task 1. Creating the system of training and additional training for pedagogical staff of modern school, directed at their professional and personal development :

Monitoring of scientific schools, directions, and collectives providing innovational development of professional training for pedagogical staff of modern school

Development of methodology of designing requirements to the content and level of the additional professional training based on social partnership of the state, scientific associations, educational institutions, and the subjects of professional training

Developing a program to form social and professional competence of various categories of pedagogical staff of modern school

Creating a system of network interaction providing methodological support for the personnel within the system of preschool, general, and additional education

Developing a system of upgrading professional competences for executives of institutions of the additional education and for increasing competences in the issues of the additional education of children among directors of general education institutions

Task 2. Improving the system of personnel training in the area of education quality management :

Improving the system of personnel training to control the quality of education

Development, approbation, and implementation of the program of advanced training related to the issues of arrangement and ensuring performance of authorities delegated by the Russian Federation in the field of education

Development and approbation of the contents and technologies of conducting qualification tests for specialists dealing with control and supervision in the field of education

Development and approbation of additional professional training programs for specialists carrying out control and supervision in the field of education

Economics and Mechanisms of Management and Control

Task 1. Modernization of organizational, financial, and economic mechanisms of activity of the general education institutions providing optimal investments in human capital :

Development of new mechanisms of organization and funding of the system of the professional training for pedagogical staff and further training, including development of consulting services, methodology support, and qualifications accreditation

Improvement of the financial and economical mechanisms of functioning of general education institutions, institutions for the children who need psychological, pedagogical, medical, and social assistance, securing implementation of the federal state educational standards and increasing efficiency of the budget expenses

Task 2. Development and implementation of procedures of evaluation of education quality :

Organizational management in conducting the external education quality evaluation with the purpose of developing the basic requirements to the contents and procedures of quality evaluation

Evaluation of the state of regional educational systems from the position of priority of regional systems of evaluation of education quality

Development of technology and tools of education quality evaluation in elementary school

Development of technology and tools for basic general education quality evaluation. Development of technology and tools for the general secondary (complete) education quality evaluation

Development of technology and tools for evaluation of quality of actions which general education institutions perform in the questions of personality socialization

Creating a system of education quality evaluation and developing basic parameters of the education quality

Developing major approaches to forming legal support of the general education quality control system at the federal and regional levels

Informational Support

Task 1. Organizing a campaign in mass media with the purpose of securing the efficiency of planned actions, coverage of innovational processes in general education system, and also timely detection and setoff against socioeconomic and other risks :

Forming attitudes promoting the enhancement of prestige of general education in modern society using federal and regional mass media

Planning and implementation of the project called “Innovations in Modern School and Russian Mass Media: Informational Support and Discussion of Risks”

Organization and implementation of measures in covering innovation processes directed at determination of value orientations reflecting the demands and guaranties of the family, society, and state toward conditions, providing for socially expectable general education quality in mass media and the Internet

Development of information technologies for rendering legal, psychological, and pedagogical assistance to minors in building healthy way of life and prevention of asocial behavior in the educational environment

“Education as an Institute of Socialization of Persons with Health Limitations in Modern Society”

The mission of the strategic direction : integration of persons with health limitations into modern society.

The strategic direction task : designing education as a resource of social and psychological integration of persons with health limitations into modern society, which provides compensation of various physical and psychological limitations of this category of individuals and also promotes tolerant attitude to them in society.

Target area of the strategic direction: educational space as a social network which includes education along with other socialization institutes (family, mass media, religion, social institutes) and determines social effects which interaction between education and these institutes has for personality, society, and state.

Increasing the Accessibility of Education for Persons with Health Limitations

Improvement of the system of early detection of deviations in physical and/or psychological development and rendering psychological, medical, and pedagogical assistance to persons with health limitations.

Development of innovational models of arranging the education environment providing accessibility of high-quality education for persons with health limitations in the conditions of a complex modernization of education sphere, which can be differentiated based on the level and direction of education programs (preschool, general, professional education) and variants of receiving the education (in special educational institutions, in the common type educational institutions, at home).

Development of integrated education for persons with health limitations: creation of adaptive environment providing a full-scale integration and personal self-fulfillment of individuals with health limitations in an educational institution of common type (including development of sanitary and epidemiological requirements, federal requirements to educational institutions to minimal infrastructure of the study process and equipment of the classrooms according to the educational needs of individuals with health limitations; development of the system of remote education for persons with health limitations).

Improvement of the tracking and accounting system to ensure that the rights for education of persons with health limitations are respected.

Improving the Quality of Education for Persons with Health Limitations

Improvement of the contents and technologies of education for persons with health limitations (including the development of teaching and methodical complexes, electronic educational resources for use in the educational process for the studies of various categories of persons with health limitations, scientific methodological support of the system of maintaining individual educational trajectories of the children in conditions of inclusive education).

Development and implementation of a model of psychological and pedagogical support of the students with health limitations in general and professional educational institutions.

Improvement of the system of rendering psychological and pedagogical support to families nurturing children with health limitations, including education for the parents (other legal representatives) considering methods and technologies of correction and rehabilitation work with the children with developmental disorders.

Optimization of the Existing Network of Special Educational Institutions; Development of Teaching and Methodical Centers Providing Consultancy and Methodology Support to Pedagogical Staff of General Educational Institutions and Consultative, Psychological, and Pedagogical Assistance to Persons with Learning Difficulties and to Their Families

Enhancement of the study processes for the persons with health limitations (building the infrastructure for development and support of innovational activity of educational institutions implementing the programs of general and professional training of persons with health limitations; modernization of the educational information environment for acquiring education by persons with health limitations, including usage of remote educational technologies; creation of regional resource centers for teaching children with health limitations; implementation of new models of occupational guidance and professional training of persons with health limitations).

Arranging Systematic Psychological and Pedagogical Training, Additional Training, and Advanced Training of Employees of Education Administration, Educational Institutions, and Other Authorities and Entities Dealing with the Issues of Education for Persons with Health Limitations

Advanced training of the specialists of the executive branch of the subjects of Russian Federation who carry out control in the sphere of education, and managers, specialists of educational institutions dealing with the questions of organization of the studies for persons with health limitations.

Improving the personnel training for educational institutions implementing the professional education programs for persons with health limitations.

Improving Management Efficiency in the Education System and Support of the Programs for Socialization of Persons with Health Limitations

Elaboration and approbation of the model of introducing normative funding per capita in implementation of the state guaranties of civil right to receive public and free general education in special (corrective) education institutions for students with health limitations.

Implementation of higher standards of funding the education of persons with health limitations in educational institutions of all levels.

Creating Tolerant Attitudes to Persons with Health Limitations in the Society and Popularization of Ideas of Assisting Them in Receiving Education and Social Integration

Development of informational and methodological support of the processes of forming tolerant attitude to the students with health limitations and physically challenged persons and popularization of ideas of securing their equal rights to education and social integration.

Monitoring mass media within the investigation of specific features of adaptation and integration of persons with reduced developmental abilities and forming the norms of tolerant attitude to this category of students.

Development of the informational Internet platform on an existing youth resource for persons with health limitations aiming at their adaptation and integration in the peers’ environment.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

About this entry

Cite this entry.

Asmolov, A.G. (2022). Education System in Russia: Sociocultural Reforms. In: Farazmand, A. (eds) Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66252-3_2945

Download citation

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66252-3_2945

Published : 06 April 2023

Publisher Name : Springer, Cham

Print ISBN : 978-3-030-66251-6

Online ISBN : 978-3-030-66252-3

eBook Packages : Economics and Finance Reference Module Humanities and Social Sciences Reference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Share this entry

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Find a journal
Track your research

Society ›

Education & Science

Education in Russia - statistics & facts

General education in russia, higher education in russia, key insights.

Detailed statistics

Expected average length of education in Russia 2000-2021

Government spending on education as a GDP share in Russia 2010-2021

PISA ranking of Russia 2015-2018, by category

Editor’s Picks Current statistics on this topic

Current statistics on this topic.

Government spending on education in Russia 2022, by level

Number of higher education students in Russia 2010-2022

Educational Institutions & Market

Highest earning EdTech platforms in Russia 2023

Recommended statistics

Premium Statistic Education consumer spending in Europe 2020, by country
Premium Statistic Number of universities worldwide in 2023, by country
Premium Statistic Trust in teachers worldwide 2022, by country
Basic Statistic PISA results in Russia 2006-2018, by category

Education consumer spending in Europe 2020, by country

Ranking of the total consumer spending on education in Europe by country 2020 (in million U.S. dollars)

Number of universities worldwide in 2023, by country

Estimated number of universities worldwide as of July 2023, by country

Trust in teachers worldwide 2022, by country

Trust in teachers as of 2022, by country

PISA results in Russia 2006-2018, by category

Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) results in Russia from 2006 to 2018, by category (in points)

Education spending

Basic Statistic Government spending on education as a GDP share in Russia 2010-2021
Basic Statistic Government spending on education in Russia 2022, by level
Basic Statistic Public education spending per student in Russia 2022, by segment
Basic Statistic Average consumer prices on education services in Russia 2022
Premium Statistic Average university tuition in selected regions of Russia 2020
Basic Statistic Estimated education costs in Russia 2020, by city

Share of government expenditure on education in gross domestic product (GDP) in Russia from 2010 to 2021

Government expenditure on education in Russia in 2022, by segment (in billion Russian rubles)

Public education spending per student in Russia 2022, by segment

Government expenditure on education per student in Russia in 2022, by stage (in 1,000 Russian rubles)

Average consumer prices on education services in Russia 2022

Average consumer prices on selected types of education services in Russia in 2022 (in Russian rubles)

Average university tuition in selected regions of Russia 2020

Average annual tuition fee at higher education institutions in Russia in 2020, by selected federal subject (in 1,000 Russian rubles)

Estimated education costs in Russia 2020, by city

Estimated cost of the entire educational cycle from early childhood to completion of higher education in Russia in 2020, by city (in million Russian rubles)

Preschool & general education

Premium Statistic Children enrolled in preschool education in Russia 2015-2022
Basic Statistic Number of school students in Russia 2021, by educational stage
Basic Statistic Number of school students in Russia 2015-2022, by type of area
Basic Statistic Unified State Exam average score in Russia 2022, by subject

Children enrolled in preschool education in Russia 2015-2022

Number of children enrolled in preschool institutions in Russia from 2015 to 2022 (in millions)

Number of school students in Russia 2021, by educational stage

Number of students enrolled in general education institutions in Russia as of the beginning of school year 2021/2022, by stage (in 1,000s)

Number of school students in Russia 2015-2022, by type of area

Number of students in state (municipal) schools in Russia from school year 2015/2016 to 2022/2023, by type of area (in millions)

Unified State Exam average score in Russia 2022, by subject

Average score in the Unified State Exam achieved by high school graduates in Russia in 2022, by subject (in points)

Vocational & higher education

Basic Statistic Professional education admission in Russia 2016-2020, by level
Basic Statistic Vocational education student count in Russia 2016-2021
Premium Statistic Number of higher education students in Russia 2010-2022
Basic Statistic Number of university students in Russia 2014-2022, by degree
Basic Statistic Number of university students in Russia 2022, by gender and age
Premium Statistic Number of doctoral students in Russia 2010-2021
Premium Statistic University admission share in Russia 2017-2020, by funding type
Basic Statistic Leading Russian universities by QS ranking 2023

Professional education admission in Russia 2016-2020, by level

Admission to professional education institutions in Russia from 2016 to 2020, by type (in 1,000s)

Vocational education student count in Russia 2016-2021

Number of students enrolled in vocational education programs in Russia from school year 2016/2017 to 2021/2022 (in 1,000s)

Number of students enrolled in higher education in Russia from 2010 to 2022 (in 1,000s)

Number of university students in Russia 2014-2022, by degree

Number of students enrolled in higher education institutions in Russia from academic year 2014/2015 to 2022/2023, by degree (in 1,000s)

Number of university students in Russia 2022, by gender and age

Number of higher education students in Russia in academic year 2022/2023, by age and gender

Number of doctoral students in Russia 2010-2021

Number of doctoral students in Russia from 2010 to 2021 (in 1,000s)

University admission share in Russia 2017-2020, by funding type

Distribution of admissions into higher education institutions in Russia from 2017 to 2020, by tuition funding type

Leading Russian universities by QS ranking 2023

Leading universities in Russia by rank in the QS World University Rankings 2023

International students

Premium Statistic Top host destination of international students worldwide 2022
Premium Statistic International student share of higher-ed population worldwide in 2022, by country
Premium Statistic Field of study of international students worldwide 2022, by country
Premium Statistic Share of foreign university students in Russia 2021/2022, by country
Premium Statistic Foreign doctoral student count in Russia 2014-2021
Basic Statistic Best cities for studying abroad in Russia 2022

Top host destination of international students worldwide 2022

Top host destination of international students worldwide in 2022, by number of students

International student share of higher-ed population worldwide in 2022, by country

Countries with the largest amount of international students as a share of the total higher education population in 2022

Field of study of international students worldwide 2022, by country

Field of study of international students worldwide in 2022, by country

Share of foreign university students in Russia 2021/2022, by country

Share of international students enrolled in bachelor's, specialist's, and master's programs in higher education institutions in Russia in school year 2021/2022, by country of origin

Foreign doctoral student count in Russia 2014-2021

Number of foreign doctoral students in Russia from 2014 to 2021 (in 1,000s)

Best cities for studying abroad in Russia 2022

Leading cities for studying abroad in Russia by score in the QS Best Student Cities ranking 2022 (in points)

Institutions & infrastructure

Basic Statistic Capacity of preschool organizations in Russia 2015-2021
Basic Statistic General education institution count in Russia 2014-2022
Basic Statistic Number of village schools in Russia 2010-2022, by ownership
Premium Statistic University count in selected regions of Russia 2020

Capacity of preschool organizations in Russia 2015-2021

Number of places at preschool education, supervision, and childcare institutions per 1,000 children aged 1-6 years in Russia from 2015 to 2021

General education institution count in Russia 2014-2022

Number of primary, basic general, and general secondary education institutions in Russia from school year 2014/2015 to 2022/2023 (in 1,000s)

Number of village schools in Russia 2010-2022, by ownership

Number of state (municipal) and private schools in rural areas in Russia from school year 2010/2011 to 2022/2023

University count in selected regions of Russia 2020

Number of higher education institutions in Russia in 2020, by selected federal subject

Teaching personnel

Basic Statistic Number of teachers in Russia 2022, by educational stage
Basic Statistic School teacher count in Russia 2022, by specialization
Basic Statistic University employee age distribution in Russia 2022, by position
Basic Statistic Monthly salary of teachers in Russia 2022, by education segment

Number of teachers in Russia 2022, by educational stage

Number of teaching personnel in education system in Russia in 2022, by segment (n 1,000s)

School teacher count in Russia 2022, by specialization

Number of school teachers in schools in Russia in school year 2022/2023, by specialization

University employee age distribution in Russia 2022, by position

Distribution of higher education employees in Russia in school year 2022/2023, by age group and position

Monthly salary of teachers in Russia 2022, by education segment

Average monthly salary of teaching personnel in Russia in 2022, by educational stage (In Russian rubles)

Premium Statistic B2C online education market size in Russia 2019-2023
Basic Statistic Online education market value in Russia 2021, by stage
Premium Statistic Online education market share in Russia 2021, by segment
Premium Statistic Highest earning EdTech platforms in Russia 2023

B2C online education market size in Russia 2019-2023

Market volume of B2C online education in Russia from 2019 with a forecast until 2023 (in billion Russian rubles)

Online education market value in Russia 2021, by stage

Estimated revenue of online education in Russia in 2021, by stage (in billion Russian rubles)

Online education market share in Russia 2021, by segment

Estimated share of online in the education market revenue in Russia in 2021, by segment

Leading EdTech platforms in Russia in 3rd quarter 2023, by revenue (in billion Russian rubles)

Public opinion

Basic Statistic Public assessment of education system in Russia 2021
Basic Statistic Attitude toward the Unified State Exam in Russia 2009-2023
Basic Statistic Most popular university major choices in Russia 2020, by gender
Basic Statistic Factors influencing university major choice in Russia 2020/2021
Basic Statistic Factors affecting university choice in Russia 2020/2021

Public assessment of education system in Russia 2021

How would you assess the state of our education system?

Attitude toward the Unified State Exam in Russia 2009-2023

What is your opinion on the modern schoolchildren's certification system, the Unified State Exam?

Most popular university major choices in Russia 2020, by gender

Leading fields of study at the university preferred by high school graduates in Russia 2020, by gender

Factors influencing university major choice in Russia 2020/2021

Factors considered by students when choosing a university major in Russia in the academic year 2020/2021

Factors affecting university choice in Russia 2020/2021

Main factors taken into account by students when selecting a university in Russia in the academic year 2020/2021

Further reports Get the best reports to understand your industry

Get the best reports to understand your industry.

Education in Europe
Education in Germany
Education worldwide

Mon - Fri, 9am - 6pm (EST)

Mon - Fri, 9am - 5pm (SGT)

Mon - Fri, 10:00am - 6:00pm (JST)

Mon - Fri, 9:30am - 5pm (GMT)

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

We're Hiring!
Help Center

The Education System in the Russian Federation: Education Brief 2012

2012, Research Papers in Economics

Related Papers

Harley Balzer

There are few more stunning changes in global affairs than the rapid decline in Russia's standing in education, science and technology. Some of the challenges to the higher education system are common to all nations in an increasingly competitive global environment. In this competition, Russian myths about the quality of the Soviet achievement along with stifling bureaucracy and corruption are undermining the effect of increased funding. Russia also faces demographic and social challenges that make it difficult to ...

Historia i Polityka

Dagmara Moskwa

The presented paper discusses the changes in the Russian education system that took place in the years 2013–2016, during the presidency of Vladimir Putin. The analysis encompasses all dimensions of changes in the education system: personnel changes (replacement of Dmitri Livanov by Olga Vasil’eva in the position of the RF Minister of Education and Science), formal ones (development of the new: Concept of a new educational – methodological complex for teaching national history), institutional (reform of the Russian Academy of Sciences) and finally also qualitative changes (introduction of new history textbooks). The article attempts to show that the above changes are in fact manifestations of tightening state control over education and its treatment as a vehicle to create the historical policy of the Russian Federation.

Dmitry Chugunov

ELISABETH SERVELLO

A cautionary tale of how persistent political interference in a nation's educational system, erodes trust, stability, funding and university of access. Russia, a very literate nation, whose fundamental educational system is in crisis in the contemporary world it finds itself.

Maria Smirnova

Olga Glagoleva

Ben Eklof, Larry E. Holmes and Vera Kaplan, eds. Educational Reform in Post-Soviet Russia: Legacies and Prospects. The Cummings Center Series. London and New York: Frank Cass, 2005. xvi, 350 pp. Appendixes. Glossary. Index.Where will Russia be in ten, twenty years? Will democracy succeed? Answers to these questions depend on the ability of Russian education to bring up a generation of civic-minded citizens who respect democratic values and human rights. To carry out such a monumental task, however, the educational system has first to change itself, depart from Soviet authoritarian approaches and indoctrination, and embrace new pedagogical ideas and technologies. Society's urgent need for educational reform made Boris Yeltsin proclaim education a top state priority in his Decree No. I. The book under review is a collective effort to detect the trends resulting from that historic decree. It seeks "to measure the progress of change" (p. 2) and identify the areas in transi...

Alexander Asmolov

The stock theme of this work is the development of conceptualization of a mission and nature of education as a leading social activity participating in generation of such systematic social and mental effects of the public life as formation of civil, ethno-cultural, and panhuman identity; the dynamics of social differentiation and stratification of the society; adoption of various traditions, values, norms, and behavioral components of attitude for large and minor social groups; acquisition of a repertoire of personal, social, and professional competencies supporting individualization, socialization, and professionalization of a person within the system of individuals and professions; and development of human potential as the most important condition of national competitive performance.

Learning Environments and Learning Achievement in the Russian Federation: How School Infrastructure and Climate Affect Student Success

Russian Education & Society

Olga Kislitsyna

Patty A. Gray

Russia, like other (re)emerging donors, has a long history of development intervention, including in education. The period of “transition” following the dissolution of the Soviet Union opened up a space for Russia itself to be “developed”, with the ultimate stage being the development of Russia’s own capacity as a development donor. Given the intensity with which Russia has been recruited to a DAC-style model of development donorship, it is interesting to note the absence of the field of development studies in Russia. Although part of the effort to develop Russia’s donor capacity has included developing curriculum materials for postgraduate programmes in the field of aid and international development, the Russian government has not yet formalized a development studies curriculum. Yet this begs the question: What is the relationship, in general, between the field of development studies and development itself? In the absence of the professionalization of development work in Russia, how were Russians prepared to do development work, and how will those in the future be prepared? Does the professionalization of development move it out of the government sphere, creating a separation between the strategic/diplomatic side of development policy and the practical/vocational side of development work? By refusing to support a professional development studies curriculum, is the Russian government resisting the possibility that non-governmental personnel have a role to play in international development?

RELATED PAPERS

Prosiding Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat

Binahayati Rusyidi

Gaetano Contento

Panorama Numismatico, n°383

mario veronesi

Environment, Development and Sustainability

aziza zemrani

SİYASİ SOSYAL EKONOMİK BAKIŞ AÇILARIYLA ORTAÇAĞ’DAN CUMHURİYET’E YENİ YAKLAŞIMLAR

Tutkimusraportti - Geologian Tutkimuskeskus

Maarit Middleton

Acta Chromatographica

Journal of Phytopathology

ARATI YADAWAD

Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribeña (HALAC) revista de la Solcha

Fabio Morandin-Ahuerma

Endemic Species

Ana Cano-Ortiz

Robert Seegmiller

Revista Cubana de …

Ricardo Rodriguez Vega

Melissa Niño

Oswaldo Lorenzo

Paulo Branco

SSRN Electronic Journal

Fortune Journals

Issues in Mental Health Nursing

Adey Nyamathi

The Journal of Physical Chemistry

Khalid Thakur

Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences

Ikechukwu Ogbonna

Journal of Cell Science

gareth griffiths

Gary Hatfield

Annals of Surgical Oncology

Pere Cavallé

Publication: The Education System in the Russian Federation : Education Brief 2012

Files in English

Link to data set, report series, other publications in this report series, journal volume, journal issue, collections, associated urls, associated content.

News/Events
Related Organizations
List of Recognized HEIs
Mobility projects/initiatives

Education system of the Russian Federation

According to the Federal Law № 273 «On Education in the Russian Federation», the education system consists of the following levels:

General education consists of four levels:

Pre-school education is provided by licensed institutions for children up to age 6 – 7 years, that is, before they enter formal school.

Primary general education comprises grades 1-4, from the age of 7 to 10 years. Lower secondary education takes 5 years and comprises grades 5–9, from the age of 11 to 15 years. Upper secondary education takes two years (grades 10–11). Students complete secondary education at the age of 17-18 years.

All four levels of general education are provided on the basis of their own state standards. Secondary general education with 11 years of formal schooling is compulsory. On completion of upper secondary education (grade 11) a school leaving certificate is awarded. The name of this qualification is the Certificate of Secondary General Education ( Attestat o srednem obshchem obrazovanii ).

The general secondary school study programme culminates with mandatory state final attestation of each graduate in the Russian language and mathematics, which is an obligatory part of the USE. Graduates who have successfully passed the Unified State Examination – USE in Russian language and mathematics are issued Certificates of Secondary General Education.

Technical and vocational education (srednee professionalnoe obrazovanie) offers training programmes of two stages:

first stage programmes: for skilled workers, junior technicians, and employees;
second stage programmes: for mid-career professionals.

Graduates of technical and vocational education programmes are awarded Diplomas. Education institutions of the second stage vocational education are generally known as Tekhnikums and Colleges. College can be an independent educational institution or a constituent part of HEI. It offers professional education programmes of basic and advanced types. As a rule, these programmes are well coordinated with university-level programmes in the same field of study.

Higher education

There is a multilevel system of training of specialists with higher education in Russia and the following levels of higher education are set:

Bachelor degree

(240 credit units) is conferred after a four-year course of study. Bachelor programmes cover a wide range of fields of study. The function of Bachelor degree is to provide a more academically rather than professionally oriented education. Bachelor degree is a prerequisite for admission to Magister studies. State final attestation includes the defense of a thesis prepared over a period of four months and State final examinations. Following a successful attestation, a state Diploma is issued attesting conferral of Bachelor degree.

The qualification of Specialist Diploma (300-360 credit units) has two functions. It opens access to professional practice (e.g., to engineers, teachers, chemists, etc.), and it is also the traditional prerequisite for admission to doctoral studies likewise master’s degree. The qualification of Specialist Diploma is conferred after studies lasting not less than five years. The diploma is awarded predominantly in technical fields of study (specialties). The State final attestation for a Specialist Diploma covers the defense of a project or a thesis and State final examinations.

Master programme

(120 credit units) is a two-year course focused more on research activities in comparison with the Specialist programme (up to 50% of student’s workload). But above all, this is a profound analytical and practical training of professionals in a particular field of study and practice. State educational standard defines only general requirements for Master educational programmes and not the requirements regarding the content of education. HEIs are free to make their own decisions regarding the contents of Master programmes. The State final attestation for a Master degree covers the defense of a dissertation and State final examinations. Access to Master’s studies is open for holders of Bachelor degree. HEIs themselves set up admission procedures (examinations, interviews, etc.) for applicants. Those holders of HE degrees wishing to pursue Master programme in different field of study must pass additional tests which reflect the requirements for the chosen Master programme.

Doctoral Programmes

The hierarchy of advanced scientific degrees in Russia traditionally includes Doctor’s degrees of two levels: Candidate of Sciences ( Kandidat Nauk ) and Doctor of Sciences ( Doktor Nauk ). The Candidate of Sciences degree normally requires three years of study after the award of Specialist or Master degrees. The Doctor of Sciences degree can be earned after a period of further study following the award of the Candidate of Sciences degree. In reality, earning a Doctor of Sciences degree requires five to fifteen years beyond the award of the Candidate of Sciences degree.

About Russia
Why to choose Russia
Education System in Russia
Universities
General Medicine (MBBS/MD)
Technical Fields
Computer/IT fields
Economics/Business fields
Other fields
Preparatory Department
Post Graduate Education (PG/PhD)
Fee Structure
Steps of Admission
Visa Process in Russia
Pre-departure Briefing
Our Services
Video Gallery
Application Form

+7 915 565 8426
[email protected]

Russia is a multinational country. Given this vast experience of inter-religious and interethnic communication, students representatives of many countries of Asia, Europe, Latin America, Africa and the Middle East are comfortable with getting an education and living in Russia.

More than 250,000 people arrive in Russia to study annually. Students coming to receive a high-quality education there are representatives of around 200 countries. If we analyze the situation over the past 3-5 years, the number of foreign students at various levels of education has drastically increased. People from around the world are interested in getting a Bachelor’s, Master’s, postgraduate or residency diploma in Russia.

Improvements of Higher education system in Russia are carried out with trends in the global development of educational systems in mind. A lot of attention has always been paid at the state level to the recognition of documents across the world. The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, together with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, are working to ensure that Russian Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees are recognized worldwide.

Russian universities are well-recognized and accredited by the WHO (World Health Organization), USMLE (United States Medical Licensing Examination), PLAB (Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board), MCI (Medical Council of India) and all the other Medical councils worldwide. In this regard, a lot of attention is paid to the development of the education sector. At the moment, the Russian educational system fully complies with international standards as it is preparing bachelors, masters and doctors of sciences. The Russian educational system stimulates the innovation processes through a combination of studying and research activities. This is why the leading Russian universities represent a number of advantages, having their own scientific schools with massive resources and teaching staff to help students conduct their own research in various fields.

Medical and engineering education systems in Russia are considered to be one of the best in the world. The Russian Federation occupies a leading position in the level of training of doctors, engineers and specialists in many other fields. Not to mention, a big advantages are the well-established contacts of Russian universities with numerous leading institutions in the world and the huge demand for graduates of Russian universities abroad, whose successes there speak for themselves. Our graduates and even students are offered the most favorable working conditions. Graduates of Russian education institutions have always been distinguished by their breadth of professional knowledge, combined with solid fundamental training.

Russian education system is built according to the Bologna education system, which means a recognition and acceptance of Russian degrees worldwide. Bachelor and Master degrees were introduced to conform to the Russian system in accordance with the Bologna Process.

Bachelor’s in Russia. A bachelor’s degree is an undergraduate academic degree awarded after completion of the required coursework and credit. The bachelor’s degree in Russia is always four years (240 ECTS credits). Academic disciplines may be in the fields of natural sciences, life sciences, social sciences, business, arts, law, and engineering, with plenty of specific areas of specialization. With the bachelor’s degree, graduates have significantly better career prospects in many different industries, and students can choose to continue the postgraduate education. There are excellent universities located in Russia that offer top-notch bachelor’s degree programs. As an international student is getting a bachelor’s degree, one will not only achieve excellence in academics, but will also get an exciting cultural experience. You can learn more about your opportunities for the bachelor’s degree by browsing through our programs. Take the next step towards your personal, academic, and professional goals with the bachelor’s degree!

Master’s in Russia. Master’s degree is a research-oriented graduate degree that is always two years (120 ECTS). Programs conclude with the defense of a thesis and state examination. Admission requires a bachelor’s degree and high school certificate. Obtaining a master’s degree offers numerous professional, personal and academic benefits to students who have graduated from a bachelor’s program. The master’s degree is available across various fields of study, including Arts, Business, Engineering and Technology, Law, Humanities, Social Sciences, Biological and Life Sciences, and the Natural Sciences. Within each of those fields of study, numerous practical specializations are available within particular disciplines.

PG in Russia. The master’s degree qualifies the student to enter a postgraduate education. Doctor of Philosophy (or PhD) is usually awarded after completing extensive research in a specified field of study. This research must significantly contribute to the current area of knowledge and must be completed with a dissertation or thesis. Often the dissertation or thesis must be defended in front of a panel of experts in the field, and only after successful defense is the degree of PhD conferred. A PhD degree usually takes a minimum of 3 years to complete, but sometimes longer depending on the student, university, and program. There are many universities and programs that offer top PhD programs internationally. Students wishing to continue their education have a wide range of top PhD programs options, which include doctoral programs in health, psychology, engineering, education, biological sciences, and biomedical sciences. There are top PhD programs in each country, so students considering this degree have a number of institutions to choose from.

Another advantage of the Bologna educational system is ECTS (European Credit Transfer System). ECTS is an important element of the Bologna process which was implemented to help international students make the most of the studying abroad experience. It is also used for recognising not only study exchange experiences, but also complete bachelor’s, master’s, and doctorate degrees.

The ECTS credit system makes degree programmes and student performance more transparent and comparable in all European Union countries. ECTS has replaced and is complementing different local (national) standards within Europe.

Thanks to the ECTS credit system, students from Russian universities can go abroad and study for a degree that will be universally accepted within the European Union and other countries worldwide.

Education in Russian universities is a vivid example of the happy medium between affordable prices and high quality. Higher education received in Russia is a good foundation for a future career. Throughout the world, the graduates from Russian universities that have a degree in medicine, information technology, engineering, aviation or art’s courses are highly valued.

To sum up, education system in Russia offers you the following.

An opportunity to live in a unique country:
Russia is the biggest country in the world in terms of territory;
Russia is a hospitable and tolerant country, and it is home to 160 different ethnic groups and representatives of the biggest world religions who live in peace;
Russia offers great opportunities for participating in sports at the most modern facilities and for attending sports events of international status; Russia was the host of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
In Russia anyone can find a use for their talents and the opportunity to develop their creative abilities, additionally, students can get discounts on tickets at museums, theaters, cinemas, galleries, cafes, parks and many other places where they can spend free time with friends.
To get prestigious higher education recognized all over the world:
The Russian higher education system is comprised of more than 650 state universities where about 7 million people study, and more than 165,000 students come from about 200 countries;
Russian higher education offers a wide choice from more than 200 medical, engineering, economic and other specialties;
Russian educational system is based on the world-renowned school of fundamental and applied science, at the base of which lie great discoveries of Russian scientists which determined the course of developments in world science for many centuries ahead;
Russian higher education gives the possibility to access the most modern laboratories and scientific-technical centers;
The higher education of Russia guarantees quality and highly competent teaching personnel (on average, 80% of professors hold PhD degrees);
Russian higher education consists of prestigious universities with more than 100 years of history and globally-respected degrees which are recognized all over the world;
The study of foreign citizens at Russian state universities is quite affordable compared with the European Universities, but for the same high standards of education;
Russian higher education is an excellent opportunity to get to know a country which has a lot to offer – a unique cultural and historical heritage, the incomparable beauty of its natural landscapes and variety of climatic zones, the diversity of architectural styles, as well rich traditions and customs of more than 160 nationalities living in Russia.

High-quality, prestigious education is recognized all over the world. Russia ranks amongst the top preferred destinations for international students. Studying in Russia gives one the opportunity to experience the unique Russian culture, enjoy Slavic hospitality, be charmed by breathtaking Russian landscapes and, of course, get a degree based on high modern educational standards and lifelong academic traditions. Russia, having one of the highest literacy rates in the world (99,6%), is rightly proud to have one of the best education systems in the world, as well as the greatest scientific and technological achievements, numerous Nobel Prize Winners, cultural and sporting world-class individuals. Every year tens of thousands of students from all over the world come to study in Russia to get prestigious, globally recognized and affordable education.

Higher education in Russia is one of the competitive advantages of the country. Education in the Russian Federation is a way to a successful future. There is a wide selection of promising specialties and unique experiences, as well as internationally recognized degrees in Russia. No country in the world has as many worldwide recognized universities as the Russian Federation.

ADMISSION PROCESS

Complete the form.

1 : Federalnyj Universitet : � Federal University

Description: an institution and centre of research at the federal level. Currently, there are several federal universities, established following the merge of a number of regional universities.

2 : Opornyj Universitet : � Flagship University

Description: a university created in the region, combining existing higher educational institutions, and focused on supporting the development of a specific region of the country.

3 : Natsionalnyj Issledovatelskij Universitet : � National Research University

Description: a higher education institution integrating regional research activities.

4 : Universitet : � University

Description: an institution offering a wide range of programmes at all levels in many disciplines. Universities must also carry out fundamental and applied research in a wide range of areas. They may be public, municipal and private.

5 : Akademija : � Academy

Description: an institution offering diverse programmes at all levels in a certain area. It also carries out research in this specific area.

6 : Institut : � Institute

Description: an institution offering training for specialists in a specific profession or field. Institutes may not alwyas have third cycle programmes and they are not obliged to carry out a wide spectrum of research activities

7 : Tekhničeskij Universitet : � Technical University

8 : Konservatorija : � Conservatory

� Pre-Higher Education System

Primary : � Primary General School

Length of program: 4

Age level from: 7

Age level to: 10

Certificate/Diploma awarded at end: Certificate

Lower Secondary : � Basic Secondary School

Length of program: 5

Age level from: 11

Age level to: 15

Certificate/Diploma awarded at end: Attestat ob Osnovnom Obshchem Obrazovanii (Basic Secondary School Certificate)

Upper Secondary : � Upper-Secondary School

Length of program: 2

Age level from: 15

Age level to: 17

Certificate/Diploma awarded at end: Attestat o Srednem Obshchem Obrazovanii (Certificate of General Secondary Education); Yedinyj Gosudarstvennyk Ekzamen (Unified State Exam)

Basic general education lasts nine years, made up of four years' primary education and five years of lower secondary education. Graduates of this level may continue their education at upper secondary school for two (three) years, at the end of which they sit the Yedinyj Gosudarstvennyk Ekzamen (UnifiedState Exam) and receive the Attestat o Srednem Obshchem Obrazovanii. The Unified State Exam is the prerequisite for entry to higher education. Students may also opt for vocational training either after lower secondary or upper secondary.

� Higher Education System

Higher education is provided by state and non-state higher education institutions (HEIs). In non-state HEIs all students have to pay tuition fees. Higher education falls within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education and Science. The Federal Service of Supervision in Education and Science is responsible for quality assurance in education and recognition of international credentials. There are three levels of higher education: 1) incomplete higher education (2 years at least); 2) 4-year programmes leading to the Bakalavr degree, the first final university degree; 3) postgraduate studies with a duration of 1-2 years leading to the Specialist Diploma or the Magistr degree. HEIs are authorized to award the Magistr degree after the completion of 2 years of study or the Specialist Diploma after 1 year of study following the Bakalavr degree. Scientific degrees in Russia traditionally include two levels of doctoral degrees: the Candidate of Sciences (the first level, equivalent to PhD) and the Doctor of Sciences (the second, post doctoral level). The Federal Agency for Education finances a certain number of state HEIs. The rest are financed by other Ministries or local authorities.

Federal Law no. 273 (2012)

Decree no. 194 on Introduction of 11-years Compulsory School Education (2007)

Description: All types of secondary education institutions

Decree no. 232 on Levels of Higher Education (2007)

Description: All types of HEIs

Decree no. 314 on the System and Structure of Executive Boards (2004)

Description: All types of education institutions

Decree no. 1766 on the Managerial Structure of State Education Standards Elaboration (2001)

Decree no. 686 on Approval of New State Education Standards (2000)

Decree no. 796 on Education Activities Licensing (2000)

Decree no. 1323 on State Accreditation of HEIs (1999)

Decree no. 125 on Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education (1996)

Decree no. 3266-1 on Education (1992)

Non-university level : Vocational training

Description: Basic post-secondary vocational education can last 2 1/ 2 years (after 9 years of education) or 1 1/2 years (after 11 years of education) and students are awarded the Diplom o Srednem Professionalnom Obrazovanii (Diploma of secondary vocational education) indicating the first level. Advanced vocation education can last 4 1/2 years following 9 years of education, or 2 to 3 years following 11 years of education, and students receive the Diplom o Srednem Professionalnom Obrazovanii (Diploma of secondary vocational education) indicating the second level of vocational education.

University level first stage : Bakalavr

Description: Bakalavr (Bachelor's) degree programmes last for at least 4 years of full-time university-level study. The programmes are elaborated in accordance with the state educational standards as well as by the university. The programmes include professional and special courses in science, humanities and socio-economic disciplines. The Bakalavr degree is awarded in all fields except medicine after defending a diploma project prepared under the guidance of a supervisor and sitting for final exams. The Bakalavr allows students to apply for Master's programmes and in some cases, to continue with the Specialist diploma.

University level second stage : Magistr, Specialist Diploma

Description: Holders of the Bakalavr degree can apply for the Specialist Diploma and Magistr programmes. Access to these programmes is competitive. The Magistr degree is awarded after successful completion of two years' full-time study. Students must complete advanced studies, prepare and defend a thesis and sit for final examinations. The Specialist Diploma can be earned in two ways: by completion of at least one year's study after the Bakalavr programme or upon completion of five to six years' continuous study beyond the Attestat o Srednem Obshchem Obrazovanii. The Specialist Diploma is a professional qualification awarded in technical fields and other areas such as teacher training, legal and economic studies and medical training (veterinary medicine, medicine, pharmacy and dentistry). It can also be used as the basis for applying to doctoral programmes. Students must sit final exams and defend a thesis.

University level third stage : Kandidat Nauk (Aspirantura programmes), Doktor Nauk (Doktorantura programmes)

Description: Access to the Aspirantura is competitive. Applicants must hold a Specialist Diploma or a Magistr degree. Studies last for 3 years. The Aspirantura programmes train for research and teaching activities. Students must learn research and teaching methods, ICTs, and pass qualifying (Kandidat Nauk) exams in certain fields of study. After carrying out independent research, preparing and defending a dissertation in public, they are awarded the Kandidat Nauk scientific degree. The Doctor Nauk programme duration is not fixed (from 5 to 15 years). It follows the Kandidat Nauk degree. The Doctor Nauk scientific degree is awarded after the public defence of a dissertation. It is a type of post doctoral qualification.

University teachers must have followed post-graduate training. A scientific degree (at least the Kandidat Nauk) is compulsory to obtain a lecturer's post in an institution.

Distance learning is regarded as using ICTs for the provision of a wide variety of education programmes or parts / blocks of programmes in higher professional education, vocational education, school education, lifelong education and skills-upgrading.

ERASMUS MUNDUS

Ministry of Science and Higher Education

Role: The Ministry is responsible for state policy and legal regulation in education, R&D, innovation activities and youth policy, coordination and control of other bodies in the education and research fields.

Street: ul. Tverskaja 11

City: Moscow

PostCode: 125993

Tel: +7(495) 547-13-16

www: https://minobrnauki.gov.ru

Contacts: Valerij Nikolaevich Fal'kov (Head), Job title : Minister

Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science

Role: The Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science supervises and controls the implementation of the legislation in education, R&D and youth policy. It is responsible for the quality assurance policy, the licensing of education institutions and programmes.

Street: Sadovaya-Sukharevskaya 16

PostCode: 127994

Tel: +7(495) 984-89-19

Fax: +7(495) 984-89-19

www: http://www.obrnadzor.gov.ru

Contacts: Anzor Akhmedovich Muzaev (Head), Job title : Head

Russian Rectors' Union

Role: Observation of state policy, projection on further development of HE and research, examination of legislative drafts, participation in lawmaking in contact with the State Duma and the Senate, cooperation with associations of employers and international and other national rectors' unions.

Street: Leninskije Gory, 1 M.V. Lomonosov MSU, Main building, Room 1001-1003

PostCode: 119991

Tel: +7(495) 939-20-32

Fax: +7(495) 939-57-00

www: https://www.rsr-online.ru

Contacts: Viktor Sadovnitchy (Head), Job title : President

Association of Non-State Higher Education Establishments

Role: Coordinates cooperation and joint activities of private HEIs aimed to further development of HE and research.

Street: ul. Radio 22, office 225

PostCode: 105005

Tel: +7(495) 925-03-80

Fax: +7(495) 925-03-80

www: http://www.anvuz.ru

Contacts: Vladimir Alekseevich Zernov (Head), Job title : President

Euroasian Universities Association - EUA

Role: Association bringing together universites of the ex-USSR and CIS.

Street: c/o MSU im. Lomonosova, Glavnye Zdanie, K B-106 Leninskie Gory

www: http://www.eau-msu.ru

Association of Global Universities

Role: Established in 2014 as an association of Russian universities aiming to enhance their international competitiveness.

Street: Myasnizkaya ul., 20

City: Moskva

PostCode: 101000

Tel: +7(495) 623-3783

www: http://www.globaluni.ru

Contacts: Yaroslav Ivanovich Kouzminov (Head), Job title : Council Chairman

Eastern European Universities Association

Role: Createc in 2010 by Russian and Ukrainian state universities as non-profit organization. Its main goal is to develop international education at Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian universities.

Street: 10 ul. Avangardnaja Office 454

City: Krasnogorsk

PostCode: 143401

www: https://eeua.ru

Higher Attestation Committee

Recognition for profession: yes

Street: ul. Ljusinovskaja 51

PostCode: 115093

www: https://vak.minobrnauki.gov.ru/main

Contacts: Vladimir Filippov (Head), Job title : Chair

National Accreditation Agency

Street: ul. Shabolovka 33

PostCode: 115162

Tel: +7(495) 134-68-86

www: http://www.nica.ru

Contacts: Lemka Izmaylova (Head), Job title : Director

National Information Centre on Academic Recognition and Mobility

Recognition for institution: yes

Street: ul. Miklukho-Maklaja 6

PostCode: 117593

Tel: +7(495) 958-28-81

Fax: +7(495) 434-15-11

www: http://www.russianenic.ru

Contacts: Gennady Lukichev (Head), Job title : Director

International Relations' Service Centre - INTEREDUCATION

Street: Bolshoi Trudov per. 8/1

PostCode: 119021

Tel: +7(499) 246-31-10

Fax: +7(499) 246-31-10

www: http://www.ined.ru

Contacts: Dmitriy Nikolaevich Semenov (Head), Job title : Director

Russian Union of Youth, Central Committee

Street: ul. Maroseika 3/13

PostCode: 101900

Tel: +7(495) 625-00-08

Fax: +7(495) 624-10-17

www: https://www.ruy.ru

Contacts: Pavel Pavlovich Krasnorutsky (Head), Job title : Chair

National Youth Council of Russia

Street: prosp. Verdanskogo 78, A-406

PostCode: 119454

Tel: +7(495) 249-11-49

www: http://youthrussia.ru

Contacts: Grigorij Petushkov (Head), Job title : President

Russian Association of Students' Trade-Union 0rganizations

Street: ul. Akademika Petrovskogo 5

PostCode: 117417

Tel: +7(495) 225-51-72

www: http://apos.ru

Department of International Cooperation, Ministry of Education and Science

Tel: +7(495) 629-24-25

Fax: +7(495) 629-74-51

� Admission to Higher Education

Attestat o Srednem Obshchem Obrazovanii

Minimum mark: satisfactory

Competitive exams/tests, Unified State Exam.

Compulsory competitive institutional exams/tests, Unified State Exam.

Definition: A student who does not have Russian citizenship.

Admission Requirements: Students must hold the Secondary School Leaving Certificate or its equivalent. There are compulsory pre-academic programmes for those who are not proficient in Russian or/and for those with weak pre-university training. They must successfully pass entrance exams/tests. Foreign applicants entering universities should not be older than 28 (35 for doctoral studies in Aspirantura).

Health: A medical certificate confirming that the student is in good health and a HIV test are required. Candidates must have medical insurance.

� Recognition of Studies

Licensing in non-university level education is the prerogative of the local authorities. It includes a formal assessment by a visiting expert group to ensure that an educational establishment meets the state and local requirements, including facilities, sanitation, equipment, staff, etc. Each new programme must also be assessed and licensed. Accreditation allows the institution to issue state recognized diplomas. Accreditation is carried out by federal ministry-founders of respective institutions in cooperation with local/municipal authorities. Licensing and accreditation in lower post-secondary vocational education is carried out by local authorities. The procedures are more or less the same as for non-university level HEIs. University level HEIs also have to pass licensing and accreditation procedures, carried out by the Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science. Licensing: assessment of the compliance of educational facilities, laboratory equipment, expertise of teaching staff, and teaching material with State requirements; Accreditation: recognition (confirmation for the next term) of the State accreditation status of the HEI according to its type (higher education institution) and kind (institute, academy, university) with the prescribed list of educational programmes of higher professional education according to which the institution has the right to issue diplomas. Non-accredited HEIs issue their own non-state diplomas.

For Access to Non-University Post-Secondary Studies: Licensing and state accreditation (with procedures of self-evaluation and external assessment)/ HEI which has successfully passed these procedures is granted the right to isue state diplomas.

For Access to University Level Studies: Licensing and state accreditation (with procedures of self-evaluation and external assessment)/ HEI which has successfully passed these procedures is granted the right to isue state diplomas.

For Access to Advanced Studies/Research: Accredited HEIs may apply to the Higher Attestation Commission (HAC) to obtain the right to provide advanced studies (Aspirantura and Doctorantura) and train researchers. The right is granted when HAC requirements are met.

For the Exercise of a Profession: Applicants have to obtain a recognition certificate of all foreign qualification, degree, title or diploma at the Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science. This certificate facilitates employers' decisions for access to a profession.

Cooperation Agreement to create a common educational area in the Commonwealth of Independent States (1997)

UNESCO Convention on the Recognition of Studies, Diplomas and Degrees in the States of Asia and the Pacific (1983)

Agreement on the Mutual Recognition of General Secondary; Lower Vocational and Non-University Level Higher Education in the Commonwealth of Independant States (CIS) (2004)

Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education in the European Region, Lisbon 1997 (2000)

European Convention on the Recognition of Study Periods, 1990 (1997)

� Student Life

Is there social security: Yes

By Road: Yes

By Rail: Yes

By Air: Yes

� Credentials

Description: The Certificate of General Secondary Education is awarded at the end of the complete secondary education programme (2 years: grades 10 and 11) when a student is 17-18. In some specialized schools (arts, music) a 12th grade exists. Graduates from a secondary (complete) general school may apply for entrance to higher education institutions.

Description: Full-time studies for the Bakalavr degree last for four years. Its programme follows the state educational standards and includes professional and special courses in science, humanities, socio-economic disciplines, and professional training.

Entrance exam test at National level: yes

Entrance exam test at Institution level: yes

Credential required for entry: Attestat o Srednem Obshchem Obrazovanii

Type of institution where credential is offered: Universitet (University) Akademija (Academy) Institut (Institute) Tekhničeskij Universitet (Technical University)

Diplom Spetsialista

Description: The specialist degree can be earned in two ways: upon completion of at least one year of study after the Bakalavr or upon completion of at least five years of study beyond the Attestat o srednem obshchem obrazovanii. The degree is a professional qualification in various subjects including engineering, teaching, economics, etc.

Credential required for entry: Attestat o Srednem Obshchem Obrazovanii Bakalavr

Description: Postgraduate degree awarded after successful completion of two years of full-time study following the Bakalavr degree. Students must complete the study programme, carry out research and practical training, prepare and defend a thesis/dissertation in public and sit for final state examinations.

Credential required for entry: Bakalavr

Kandidat Nauk

Description: Candidates who have obtained a Specialist diploma or a Magistr degree may sit for the competitive examination to enter Aspirantura. Studies last for three years. The Aspirantura prepares for research and professorial activities. Students (aspirants) must learn teaching methods, information technology, and pass qualifying (Kandidat nauk) exams. They carry out independent research, prepare and defend a dissertation in public.

Credential required for entry: Diplom Spetsialista Magistr

Doktor Nauk

Description: Highest scientific degree conferred to holders of Kandidat Nauk scientific degree after successful defence of a doctoral thesis. The latter is expected to be an independent research paper in which a coherent set of new ideas is formulated and proposed to solve a major scientific/academic problem of great economic, political or cultural importance.The period for completion and defence of the dissertation is not determined and generally lasts between five and fifteen years.

Credential required for entry: Kandidat Nauk

� Data Provided by

IAU from the National Information Centre on Academic Recognition and Mobility website, and NUFFIC country profile, May 2020. Bodies updated January 2022.

Updated on 11-05-2020

Bahasa Indonesia
Slovenščina
Science & Tech
Russian Kitchen

What is education in Russia like? A U.S. teacher investigates

A truck arrives at your house. A couple you’ve never met before open the back and begin unloading stacks of broken wood, cracked tiles, dried out plaster, bent nails, stripped screws, used electrical wiring, dented sheets of metal, and a hammer made of hopes and dreams. They say, “Build us a house!”

You do your best. For years, you continue in this Kafkaesque nightmare, more people come with more supplies. You fight fires and floods and you build house after house after house. No one thanks you and most of what you build is shipped away unfinished into the scrapyard of life.

This is what it’s like to be a teacher. Except that, lest we forget, you’re also in a grotesque fairy-tale where planks of wood and strips of sheet-metal have mouths that often bite and sometimes tell you to fuck yourself.

If that seems dreary, try to remember what it felt like to be a pile of stripped screws, bent nails, and scrapped lumber.

‘Sometimes they throw puberty at you’

I’ve taught many Russian students over the years, both in and out of a classroom. In this time, I’ve learned one thing: they are just like students all over the world: they are intelligent and funny and hardworking and yes, sometimes they throw puberty at you.

When I reached out to Russians to discuss their education, I found a genuine concern and a great deal of passion. I expected anecdotes, petty complaints, and conflicting ideologies. What I received was a series of very consistent constructive ideas on where the Russian education system has gone wrong that are well worth ruminating over:

Curriculums are focused more on math and science than on humanities

Despite having one of the highest literacy rates in the world, (~100% compared to the U.S. ~86%) Some of the Russians I spoke to criticize their education system for not focusing enough on humanities:

“About the education system itself I think we have more deep learning in exact sciences (physics, biology, and chemistry are separated) so it explains why there are a lot of Russian hackers and mathematicians.” – Zoe, current high school student in Russia.

“Humanities in general are considered to be the despicable fate of those who are incompetent of doing math and physics. Thus, the technical subjects would be superior, while humanities would serve as leftovers.” – Ulia, graduated from high school in 2015.

However, not everyone agrees. One highschool biology teacher has found that students are much more likely to excel in history over math and science:

“Most students do not know biology, chemistry, or physics very well. I am preparing some of them for exams, so I know firsthand. Meanwhile, judging by my experiences with Russian students, they're better in history. It's hard to say on what Russian schools focus. School in the USSR were good in math and geography, but now there are too many old teachers who have problems with computers and the internet. On the other hand, there are some really good schools in cities.” – Evgeny, highschool biology teacher in Russia.

There’s a lack of critical thinking and personal expression:

When I was in high school critical thinking was lauded as an essential aspect of education. I was taught to think and be critical of everything; except my teachers, the textbook, my homework, the school, my parents, the principal – it was most important to be critical of authority that was very far away, or dead.

“Compared with my experience with American universities (I know some people who teach students) — on subjects like social studies, history, etc. we almost never wrote papers that were aimed at expressing our thinking, and Americans do it all the time. We were, like, “This scholar wrote that…,” and here you effectively summarize their opus magnum, or “There are two approaches to this problem: first, …, and as opposed to this, there’s another view...” Very rarely it was required that a student actually expresses their own stance and argue it.” – Nadja, studied in Russia in the early 2000s.

READ MORE: What were Russian kids in the 20th century told about sex?

“Russian education does not seem to facilitate personal or professional development of a child, but rather holds an ambition of bluntly transitioning the facts written in a Soviet textbook into a student’s head…The complete absence of critical thinking is probably the most obvious problem in Russian schools. We are taught what to think, not how to think, which is exactly the opposite of what education should be about.” – Ulia, graduated from high school in 2015.

“Trying to teach you how to think critically is a rare thing, even if a teacher is a young enlightened person, he/she cannot do anything with that due to the staff and curriculum. Trying to make some real sense is a straight path to being fired. So, yeah, the educational system is outdated, it doesn't do its work as it did in the USSR, times have changed.” – Denis, taught biology to Russian students in Grades 5 and 9.

There’s a lack of choice for Russian students to explore new subjects

“In Russian high school you generally can’t pick subjects and make up your own schedule. You have a fixed schedule, with different subjects every day, you have a paper school diary where you write that schedule and write down your homework assignments… In the U.S., I could pick any subjects that I like, as long as combined they give you at least the minimum amount of credit required to pass the term. I liked this approach: I picked AP calculus and AP physics because I liked math, and I didn’t have to torture through chemistry or biology or art or any other subject I find excruciatingly boring.” – Ilya, studied in USA and Russia.

“In my time, Russian school education had little to no subjects by choice, and you had to complete bare minimum courses in math, physics, chemistry, astronomy, and other stuff that you may or may not need. That seems like a waste of time and effort for vertical education evangelists, but actually this basis provides you a better catch-all foundation for broad horizons, system thinking and teaches you to see connections between things.” – Nadja, studied in Russia in the early 2000s.

What are teachers like in Russia?

“The last but not the least – the attitude. The teacher is always right. They can easily call a student an idiot, an imbecile, an incompetent nobody – that is common practice. The children are shown that they can be treated like shit by the more powerful others and do nothing about it. Of course, there are great teachers with true love for education and children, but they are more likely to be an exception rather than the norm. Education is our past, present, and most importantly, our future. It demands a drastic transition.” – Ulia, graduated from high school in 2015.

“Well, it's more about respect as you said, not discipline. Quite often teachers (usually ones from the Soviet era) are really conservative like Putin is the only true leader, women have to care more about the family than the career and stuff, and it’s hard to find the line between respectful disagreement and being a moron.” – Zoe, current highschool student in Russia.

“If we talk about the learning process itself, then in the West the teacher tries to be a friend and person, then in the Russian school teachers are often fenced off from students by the severity and the need to complete tasks.” – Nika, University Student Studying Technology.

Many teachers are underpaid and unmotivated

One of the other most consistent comments I received rings true all over the world: if we continue to pay teachers below-par salaries, future generations will suffer.

“But, the one big ‘but,’ is the salary. Teachers, such important people in people’s lives, still get low salaries. It's just barely possible to stay positive and spread joy in such conditions for a long time, you know. You just must be created for that to carry on like this long-term.” – Denis, taught biology to Russian students in Grades 5 and 9.

“Teaching is not a well-paid job in Russia, so people who really want to earn money don't work in education. Which means those who stay in education, whether they really like it or just want to torture other people. Unfortunately, those who like teaching can't last long at schools or universities and they leave the field, disappointed.” – Daria, graduated high-school in 2007.

READ MORE: Which Russian universities produce the most billionaires?

It fascinates me that policy makers allocate funds to make schools more high-tech without understanding a simple truth about education: a great teacher can impart far more with a stick and a pile of sand than a bad teacher with all of the iPads in the world.

I’m one of those foolish people who believe that education is the key to solving the world’s problems, but this means money needs to be better spent.

In America, we have a yearly budget for education that amounts to $68 billion. In Russia, the yearly budget for education is $10 billion. If we stack these numbers up against American and Russian military budgets, we get a good idea of our countries’ priorities: Russia: $69 Billion. America: $600 billion.

So, here is my wild idea:

Why doesn’t the world spend some of the money it uses to kill each other to compensate compassionate, well-educated teachers who are the only ones who stand a chance at raising a new generation of people who might not want to kill each other as much. Perhaps this would grant the world more parents who admire teachers, rather than think they know better; students who are eager to attend classes and learn, rather than wallow in boredom and resentment; and policy makers who understand the value of a mentor and guide in education, rather than our medley of politicians with their thumbs up their asses.

But what do I know, I graduated from public school.

Benjamin Davis , an American writer living in Russia, explores various topics, from the pointless to the profound, through conversations with Russians. Last time he explored what Russians think of guns . If you have something to say or want Benjamin to explore a particular topic, write us in a comment section below or write us on Facebook .

If using any of Russia Beyond's content, partly or in full, always provide an active hyperlink to the original material.

to our newsletter!

Get the week's best stories straight to your inbox

Russian feminists fight not only for their rights but also for the right words
‘F*ck the weather’: This is why there’s no small talk in Russia
Before and after: How the Russian army changes soldiers (PHOTOS)

This website uses cookies. Click here to find out more.

GK for competitive exams
General Awareness for Bank Exams
Current Affairs
Govt Schemes
Financial Awareness
Computer GK
Social Issues
General Knowledge for Kids
List of Top 15 Landmarks of Russia

Education System of Russia

List of States in Russia
Interesting Facts About Russia
List of Top 10 Cities of Russia
Renewable Energy Development in Russia
Interesting Facts About Russian Revolution
List of Countries Bordering Russia
List of countries in Russian Empire: History, Map, Flags
List of International Airports in Russia

In this article, we are going to discuss the Education System of Russia in detail .

Table of Content

Education System In Russia

Primary education in russia, secondary education in russia, vocational schools in russia.

Degree Structures in the Russian Education System
The International Baccalaureate (IB) in Russia

Russian education is highly advanced and regulated by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. This accreditation ensures quality, and only the accredited institutions can grant state diplomas. The system follows primary, secondary, higher, and postgraduate education stages.

Russia offers diverse study options for international students. It has 776 institutions across 82 regions. In Russia, the government oversees the education system, and public schools are free for all. However, the quality of education can differ greatly between cities and schools.

Three Stages of Education in Russia

Here are the three stages of education system of Russia as mentioned below.

Russian universities offer a broad range of different programs in all levels.
Academies focus more on research and practical skills, usually in specific subjects like art, architecture, or science.
Institutes are separate parts of universities or academies that provide professional courses.

In Russia, primary school is run by the Ministry of Education. It is a must for all kids. It generally starts around the age of six or seven and lasts for four years.

During this time, kids learn reading, writing, basic math, and often a foreign language like English or German.
They also study extracurricular activities like music, gym class, and a subject called “the world around us”.
It covers the geography, history, and society.
Public primary schools are free, but parents still need to pay for books and other stuff.
Quality of education may vary and big cities like Moscow usually offer better schooling than rural areas.
Private schools are an option if you are willing to pay for higher quality education, especially in big cities where there are many to choose from.

In Russia, secondary education has two parts. Here are the all major details as mentioned below.

The first is basic general education lasts four years and includes exams.
Based on their performance, students can move on to the next stage.
The secondary general education lasts two years and ends with another set of exams.
some students may opt for vocational education during these two years as an alternative.
Public secondary schools are free and managed by the Ministry of Education.
Children must attend the school until they are 15.
unless their parents allow them to leave earlier.
During the first four years of secondary school students study a variety of subjects including languages, math, history, and science.
After this, the organization takes exams that are known as the Basic State Examination.
Depending on their results, they can continue for another two years and can switch to vocational education, or leave school.

In Russia, there are two main types of vocational schools i.e. colleges and technical schools. Here are the details as mentioned below.

These schools help students prepare for various careers like aviation, veterinary medicine, secretarial work, and engineering.
Colleges generally offer more detailed education and advanced qualifications compared to technical schools.
In the first year of vocational school, students learn subjects related to their chosen career as well as basics like Russian language, math, and history.
In the second and final year, they dive deeper into subjects connected to their profession.

Degree Structure in Russia

Russian Education System largely follows the European style. There degrees are structured differently than in other countries in Europe.

Here is the degree structure of the Russian Education System as mentioned below.

After high school, students can go for a bachelor’s degree. Bachelor’s degrees need four years, while specialized degrees take five years. It gives hands-on training in a particular field or subject. To pursue these degrees, students must pass exams and defend a thesis. Except for medicine, this system applies to all fields because it takes six years in total.
It takes two years to earn a master’s degree. During this time, students spend one year doing their research and preparing their thesis. Having a master’s degree allows students to pursue a PhD. To become a recognized scientist in Russia, you need to earn two postgraduate degrees. These degrees can only be obtained from universities or any scientific institutes. After completing the first part of postgraduate education, students will awarded the title of “Candidate of Sciences.”
In postgraduate school, you spend another 3-5 years working toward your Doctorate degree. This is the highest level of education. Often, people get their Doctorate after they have already been working in academia for a while.

International Baccalaureate (IB) in Russia

The International Baccalaureate (IB) is a global education program available in 138 countries for students aged three to 19. It is popular with expat families who move frequently because of its international recognition. In Russia, over 50 schools offer IB qualifications, with many teaching in English and some providing bilingual education in Russian and English.

FAQs on Education System of Russia

Is the education system in russia good.

Russian education is one of the best, most advanced and developed systems in the world.

What rank is Russia in education?

Russia holds 23rd rank in education in the World.

How long is a school day in Russia?

Russian school schedules extend from Monday to Friday in most places, with kids typically attending from about 8 a.m. to 1 or 2 p.m.

What subjects are taught in Russia?

Students study English, maths, sciences, geography, history, drama, art, Russian language, computing, music, and PE. Your child will also choose one other foreign language.

Is school free in Russia?

Education in state-owned secondary schools is free; first tertiary (university level) education is free with reservations.

What is Russia famous for in education?

Russia is famous for its strong scientific schools in the field of physical, mathematical and natural sciences.

Please Login to comment...

Improve your Coding Skills with Practice

What kind of Experience do you want to share?

Ukraine-Russia war latest: Israel 'wasn't left to fend for itself' - yet aid to Ukraine is limited, Zelenskyy says

Follow our Ukraine war live page for all the latest developments and analysis of the conflict. Listen to a Sky News Daily podcast episode on the notion of the UK putting troops on the ground in Ukraine as you scroll.

Friday 19 April 2024 18:32, UK

Israel wasn't left to fend for itself, Zelenskyy says
NATO will supply more air defence systems to Ukraine
Two detained after hammer attack on Navalny aide
Moscow ramping up pressure on Ukrainian forces
Major Russian missile attack kills eight
Kremlin responds to US shift on aid to Ukraine
Analysis: Russia is exploiting Ukraine's lack of air defences
Mark Stone: Ukraine funding vote is a curious twist in America's political chaos
The big picture: What's happening with the war this week?
Your questions answered: How long will it take for any aid to turn the tide militarily?
Live reporting by Samuel Osborne

We are pausing our live coverage of Russia's invasion of Ukraine today.

We'll be back again with more updates.

Here's a round-up of today, which started with the deaths of at least eight people in a major Russian missile attack in central Ukraine's Dnipropetrovsk region.

Volodymyr Zelenskyy called for more air defences and said: "Russia must be held accountable for its terror, and every missile, every Shahed [drone] must be shot down."

In a speech after a meeting of the Group of Seven (G7) major democracies on the Italian island of Capri, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said it is "imperative" Ukraine gets more resources immediately to help it fight Russia.

"It needs more air defences, it needs more munitions, it needs more artillery - allies and partners including the G7 countries are committed to delivering on that," he added.

Meanwhile, Ukraine claimed to have shot down a Russian Tu-22M3 bomber "for the first time". Russia's defence ministry said the crash appeared to have been caused by a technical malfunction.

Two detained in Poland after hammer attack on Navalny aide

Two people were detained in Poland on suspicion of a hammer attack on Leonid Volkov, the exiled top aide of the late Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny.

Mr Volkov had blamed Vladimir Putin for the attack and he thanked Lithuanian police for working "energetically and persistently" over the past month on his case.

"I am very glad that this work has been effective", he tweeted. "Well, we'll find out the details soon. Can't wait to find out!"

And a Polish man was arrested over allegations of being ready to help Russia's military intelligence in an alleged plot to assassinate Volodymyr Zelenskyy.

Volodymyr Zelenskyy has made an emotional appeal to NATO members, saying the current level of foreign aid for Ukraine is "very limited".

The Ukrainian president said Israel had not been left to fend for itself during Iran's aerial bombardment on Saturday.

During that attack, Western allies had stepped in to help shoot down Iranian drones and missiles.

"Putin must be brought down to earth and our sky must become safe again... And it depends fully on your choice... [the] choice whether we are indeed allies," Mr Zelenskyy said in his speech.

He said Ukraine needs a minimum of seven Patriot or other high-end air defence systems to counter Russian air strikes.

Russia has recently intensified its bombardment of Ukraine, and the UN reported civilian deaths had sharply increased in March.

NATO ministers have decided to supply more air defence systems to Ukraine, the organisation's secretary general has said.

Jens Stoltenberg said several NATO allies had made concrete commitments which he expected to be announced soon.

"In addition to Patriots, there are other weapons that allies can provide, including [French system] SAMP/T and many others, who do not have available systems, have pledged to provide financial support to purchase them for Ukraine," he told reporters in Brussels.

A Russian missile attack has damaged port infrastructure in Ukraine's southern Odessa region, the governor has said.

One person was injured, he added.

This map by the British Ministry of Defence shows the latest update on advances in Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

The head of the European Union's executive branch has visited Finland's border with Russia to assess the security situation there.

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said Finland's decision to close its border crossings with Russia over a surge in migrants was a security matter for the whole 27-member bloc to consider.

"We all know how Putin and his allies instrumentalise migrants to test our defences and to try to destabilise us," she said.

"Now Putin is focusing on Finland, and this is no doubt in response to your firm support of Ukraine and your accession to NATO."

Finland shares a 832-mile (1,430km) land border with Russia.

"This is not just about the security of Finland, but it is about the security of the European Union. We are in this together," Ms von der Leyen said after visiting the border in Lappeenranta with Finnish Prime Minister Petteri Orpo.

"We should be more Finnish when it comes to security."

Finland joined NATO in April 2023 in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine in a major blow to President Putin.

Slovaks angered at their government's refusal to give military aid to Ukraine have raised nearly €2m (£1.7m) in a drive to help supply ammunition to Kyiv.

Although ammo supplies are a pressing need for Ukraine after two years of war, Slovakia has refused to join a plan led by the Czech government to buy hundreds of thousands of artillery rounds for Ukraine.

"When I heard about the Czech government's initiative, I was very pleased to hear that all ways are being sought to help Ukraine defend itself against the [Russian] aggressor, because there is no other way," said Otto Simko, a 99-year-old Holocaust survivor and journalist who helped spearhead the Slovak crowdfunding campaign.

In a video posted on the crowdfunders' YouTube page he said Russia needed to be expelled from Ukraine so "peace can be spoken of on terms that suit Ukrainian independence".

Slovakia halted state military aid to Kyiv last year, arguing the conflict did not have a military solution.

It is "imperative" Ukraine gets more resources immediately to help it fight off Russia's invasion, the US secretary of state has said after a meeting of the Group of Seven (G7) major democracies.

"It needs more air defences, it needs more munitions, it needs more artillery - allies and partners including the G7 countries are committed to delivering on that," Antony Blinken added.

Mr Blinken went on to say that if China wants better relations with Europe it cannot continue helping Russia while it attacks Ukraine, adding that Beijing was the primary contributor to Russia's defence industrial base.

He made the remarks after Kyiv's foreign minister said the G7 had identified "specific steps" needed to help Ukraine in its fight against Russia, Kyiv's foreign minister has said.

Dmytro Kuleba also warned Europe would be engulfed by war if Russia triumphed in its invasion.

"We identified specific steps which Western partners will make to help Ukraine," Mr Kuleba told reporters on the Italian island of Capri, where G7 foreign ministers are meeting.

He said the West had the capacity "to provide Ukraine with all necessary resources as soon as possible to save Europe from a larger war."

Meanwhile, Italian foreign minister Antonio Tajani said the G7 was looking to see if it could use frozen Russian assets held in the West and not just the interest from the funds.

Mr Tajani said there was an established legal basis for using the interest from the frozen funds, but experts were now looking to see if the capital itself could be used to help Ukraine.

The West has frozen some $300bn (£241bn) of sovereign Russian assets, which the UK and US want to be used to pay for the Ukraine war effort - though European Union member states have questioned the legality of such a move.

A Polish man has been arrested over allegations of being ready to help Russia's military intelligence in an alleged plot to assassinate Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Polish prosecutors said.

The man, identified only as Pawel K, was accused of being prepared to pass airport security information to Russian agents and was arrested in Poland on Wednesday, the office of Poland's National Prosecutor said in a statement.

The man was seeking contact with Russians directly involved in the war in Ukraine and was expected to pass on detailed information about the Rzeszow-Jasionka airport in south-eastern Poland, near the border with Ukraine, it said.

The airport is under the control of US troops and serves as a gateway for international military and humanitarian supplies for Ukraine.

If convicted, the man could face up to eight years in prison, the statement said.

It said the arrest was the result of close cooperation with the prosecutors and security services of Ukraine, who tipped them off and provided crucial evidence.

The Kremlin has declined to comment.

It comes after German prosecutors said two German-Russian men had been arrested on suspicion of espionage (see 8.44 post yesterday).

One of them is accused of agreeing to carry out attacks on potential targets including US military facilities in the hopes of sabotaging aid for Ukraine.

Volodymyr Zelenskyy has visited troops near the frontline in the east of Ukraine.

The Ukrainian president joined a paratroopers' medical platoon in the Donetsk region.

"Today - Donetsk region. Visited our defenders who are under treatment," he said on Telegram.

Mr Zelenskyy said he talked with the soldiers and gave them awards, adding: "Thank you for your service and protection of Ukraine! Our country is proud to have such soldiers."

Be the first to get Breaking News

Install the Sky News app for free

Ukraine Needs at Least Seven Patriot Air Defence Systems, Zelenskiy Tells NATO

FILE PHOTO: German Patriot air defence system units are seen at the Vilnius airport, ahead of a NATO summit, in Vilnius, Lithuania July 10, 2023. REUTERS/Ints Kalnins/File Photo

By Tom Balmforth and Yuliia Dysa

KYIV (Reuters) - President Volodymyr Zelenskiy told NATO members on Friday that Ukraine needed a minimum of seven Patriot or other high-end air defence systems to counter Russian air strikes, exhorting them to step up their military assistance for Kyiv.

In an emotional speech by video link to the NATO-Ukraine Council, the Ukrainian leader described the current level of foreign aid as "very limited" and said Israel had not been left to fend for itself during Iran's massive air strike on Saturday.

"(Russian President Vladimir) Putin must be brought down to earth, and our sky must become safe again.. And it depends fully on your choice... (the) choice whether we are indeed allies," Zelenskiy said in his speech.

Russia has increased its long-range bombardment of Ukraine's energy infrastructure and its cities in recent weeks, ratcheting up the pressure on Kyiv as Moscow's more numerous and better equipped forces slowly advance on the battlefield in the east.

Just this year, Zelenskiy said, Ukraine had been attacked by almost 1,200 Russian missiles, more than 1,500 drones and 8,500 guided bombs amid a slowdown in Western military assistance.

Photos You Should See - April 2024

TOPSHOT - Marine One with US President Joe Biden onboard takes off from the South Lawn of the White House in Washington, DC, on April 16, 2024. Biden is travelling to Scranton, Pennsylvania. (Photo by Drew ANGERER / AFP) (Photo by DREW ANGERER/AFP via Getty Images)

The Latest Photos From Ukraine

A woman walks backdropped by bas-relief sculptures depicting war scenes in the National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War in Kyiv, Ukraine, Monday, April 8, 2024. (AP Photo/Vadim Ghirda)

"We are telling this directly – to defend, we need seven more 'Patriots' or similar air defence systems, and it's a minimum number. They can save many lives and really change the situation," he said.

NATO chief Jens Stoltenberg said after the meeting between allied defence ministers and Zelenskiy that the allies had agreed to provide Kyiv with additional air defence systems.

"In addition to Patriots, there are other weapons that allies can provide, including (the French system) SAMP/T, and many others, who do not have available systems, have pledged to provide financial support to purchase them for Ukraine," Stoltenberg told reporters in Brussels.

Zelenskiy said Kyiv's troops needed to receive long-range missiles and artillery shells now.

"This year we can't wait for decisions to be made," he said.

U.S. military aid has been delayed for months in Congress, but the House of Representatives is expected on Saturday to vote on a bill that would release tens of billions of dollars of military aid.

"We’re still waiting for new support packages from the United States – American support has been in question for too long," Zelenskiy said.

His speech was delivered to the NATO-Ukraine Council behind closed doors, but his office published the text and video of it on its website.

(Reporting by Tom Balmforth and Yuliia Dysa; Editing by Gareth Jones)

Join the Conversation

Tags: Ukraine , Russia , Asia , European Union , Europe

America 2024

Health News Bulletin

Stay informed on the latest news on health and COVID-19 from the editors at U.S. News & World Report.

Sign up to receive the latest updates from U.S News & World Report and our trusted partners and sponsors. By clicking submit, you are agreeing to our Terms and Conditions & Privacy Policy .

Cartoons on President Donald Trump

Feb. 1, 2017, at 1:24 p.m.

Photos: Obama Behind the Scenes

April 8, 2022

Photos: Who Supports Joe Biden?

March 11, 2020

Title IX or Student Debt Relief?

Lauren Camera April 19, 2024

A Look at the Trump Jury

Laura Mannweiler April 19, 2024

Jury Set in Trump Hush Money Trial

Dems Save the Day for Johnson

Aneeta Mathur-Ashton April 19, 2024

What to Know: Israel’s Strike on Iran

Cecelia Smith-Schoenwalder April 19, 2024

Democrats Split on Helping Johnson

Aneeta Mathur-Ashton April 18, 2024

IMAGES

Russian Education system
Education system of the Russian Federation
PPT
Educational system of russian federation
Structure of the education system in Russia (Zawacki-Richter
PPT

VIDEO

American in Russia: on difference between educational systems in Russia and America
Russia Deploys Hundreds of Air Defense Weapon Systems with Hypersonic Missiles
Moscow Shocked: Ukrainian HIMARS Successfully Destroys Russian Buk-M2
Russian Education System / Russian schools and universities / Life in Russia Today
What is School in RUSSIA?! Что такое школа в РОССИИ?!
Образование древнерусского государства

COMMENTS

Education in Russia
According to the law, [21] the educational system of Russia includes 2 types of education: general and professional. General education has the following levels: Preschool education (level 0 according to the ISCED) Primary general education (level 1 according to the ISCED) - the duration of study is 4 years.
The education system in Russia
The education system in Russia. Fortunately for expats, Russia boasts one of the most reputable education systems in the world which ranks 43rd in the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017.Furthermore, the country's adult literacy rate was 99.73% in 2018, which is the fourth-highest in Europe.. Russia's education system is coordinated by the government, and state ...
Education in the Russian Federation
Vocational and Technical Education. Russia's education system includes both secondary-level and post-secondary vocational programs, as well as programs that straddle secondary and higher education. As of the 2012 adoption of Russia's latest federal education law, all of these programs are now primarily taught at the same types of institutions called technikums (tehnikum), and colleges ...
PDF The Education System in the Russian Federation: Education Brief 2012
the regional systems of school education (RUR, current prices) .....29 Figure 3.19. Comparison of regions in the Russian Federation by number of educational institutions transferred to autonomous status (2010) .....33 Figure 3.20. PISA scores of students in the Russian Federation (2000, 2003, 2006,
Russian education system today
The System of Education in Russia. The system of education in Russia includes 2 levels - basic and professional education. The first one includes preschool, primary, basic and secondary education, that all together make up a school block. The professional level includes secondary and higher stages - Bachelor's, Specialist's and Master ...
Russia Education System
Tertiary Education. The basic bakalavr's degree requires 4 years of full-time study. Having achieved this, students have the choice of taking jobs, or studying longer for magister's degrees. Russian higher education began with the establishment of the Universities of Moscow and St Petersburg (illustrated opposite) in the mid-18th Century.
Levels of education in the Russian Federation
It offers professional education programmes of basic and advanced types. As a rule these programmes are well coordinated with university level programmes in the same field of study. Higher education. There is the multilevel system of training of specialists with higher education in Russia and the following levels of higher education are set:
Education System in Russia: Sociocultural Reforms
1. Improving the system of personnel training to control the quality of education. 2. Development, approbation, and implementation of the program of advanced training related to the issues of arrangement and ensuring performance of authorities delegated by the Russian Federation in the field of education. 3.
The Education System in the Russian Federation
7 This is rounded up to 7 in the accompanying figure A-14, which is in concert with the data presented in Indicator 2. 8 This is rounded up to 7 in the accompanying figure A-14, which is in concert with the data presented in Indicator 2. 9 In the Russian Federation, general secondary education (including lower and upper secondary) is compulsory through age 17, per the review of the country expert.
Education in Russia
Education in Russia - statistics & facts. Russia. The main levels of the Russian education system are preschool, general, vocational, higher, and further education. More than 4.3 trillion Russian ...
K-12 Education System in Russia
Structure of K-12 Education in Russia. Pre-Higher Education. Entry Age: 6. Exit Age: 15. Primary Education. Primary Education includes Primary General School. Duration: 4 years. Age level: 6 to 10. Secondary Education.
(PDF) The Education System in the Russian Federation: Education Brief
Russia, a very literate nation, whose fundamental educational system is in crisis in the contemporary world it finds itself. Download Free PDF View PDF Chapter on Russian Federation in Prof. Charles Glenn and Prof. Jan De Groof (eds.) 4-th edition of 'Balancing freedom, autonomy and accountability in education', Volume 4, Wolf Legal ...
Open Knowledge Repository
The report has the following structure. The opening chapter provides an overview of the education system in Russia and briefly reviews the most evident emergent trends. Chapters two through five are devoted to description of education system by level. The chapters are arranged by ascending order of educational level and each chapter's present ...
Levels of Russian Education in Russia
Classification of Russian education. Let us look into the education system in Russia. Preschool. A child can start nursery at the age of 3. Primary. Children go to school at 6; primary education is obligatory and lasts four years. Basic general. School studies from 5th through 9th grades are compulsory for all.
Education system of the Russian Federation
According to the Federal Law №273 «On Education in the Russian Federation», the education system consists of the following levels: General education consists of four levels: Pre-school education is provided by licensed institutions for children up to age 6 - 7 years, that is, before they enter formal school. Primary general education ...
Education
Another system existed in early Russia: the highly developed family system, within which from generation to generation parents handed on to their children skills and knowledge. Indeed, the very strength and tenacity of the family unit may well have retarded development of a more formal educational structure. Things began to change in the 17th ...
Education policy of Russia
The Russian educational system includes both the study of sciences and the upbringing culture, social standards and law behavior of the young generation. Educational policy in modern Russia is based on availability, relevance and secular nature of education. Principles of Education Policy of Russia:
Education System in Russia
The Russian higher education system is comprised of more than 650 state universities where about 7 million people study, and more than 165,000 students come from about 200 countries; Russian higher education offers a wide choice from more than 200 medical, engineering, economic and other specialties;
Education System in Russia
Role: The Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science supervises and controls the implementation of the legislation in education, R&D and youth policy. It is responsible for the quality assurance policy, the licensing of education institutions and programmes. Street: Sadovaya-Sukharevskaya 16. City: Moscow.
What is education in Russia like? A U.S. teacher investigates
In America, we have a yearly budget for education that amounts to $68 billion. In Russia, the yearly budget for education is $10 billion. If we stack these numbers up against American and Russian ...
Education System of Russia
The system follows primary, secondary, higher, and postgraduate education stages. Russia offers diverse study options for international students. It has 776 institutions across 82 regions. In Russia, the government oversees the education system, and public schools are free for all.
Ukraine-Russia war latest: Israel 'wasn't left to fend for itself
Follow our Ukraine war live page for all the latest developments and analysis of the conflict. Listen to a Sky News Daily podcast episode on the notion of the UK putting troops on the ground in ...
Germany is flunking the education test
The system's rigidities start with cultural attitudes that are often not helpful. In the country that invented the kindergarten, many parents actually shun pre-school education in the belief ...
Ukraine Needs at Least Seven Patriot Air Defence Systems, Zelenskiy
Russia has increased its long-range bombardment of Ukraine's energy infrastructure and its cities in recent weeks, ratcheting up the pressure on Kyiv as Moscow's more numerous and better equipped ...
Study In Russia
Study in Russia is a detailed instruction for international students on how to enter a Russian university and a convenient service to help you search for education programmes, academic olympiads, summer and winter schools and more.