extended essay in mathematics

IB Maths EE examples

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International Baccalaureate (IB)

IB students around the globe fear writing the Extended Essay, but it doesn't have to be a source of stress! In this article, I'll get you excited about writing your Extended Essay and provide you with the resources you need to get an A on it.

If you're reading this article, I'm going to assume you're an IB student getting ready to write your Extended Essay. If you're looking at this as a potential future IB student, I recommend reading our introductory IB articles first, including our guide to what the IB program is and our full coverage of the IB curriculum .

IB Extended Essay: Why Should You Trust My Advice?

I myself am a recipient of an IB Diploma, and I happened to receive an A on my IB Extended Essay. Don't believe me? The proof is in the IBO pudding:

If you're confused by what this report means, EE is short for Extended Essay , and English A1 is the subject that my Extended Essay topic coordinated with. In layman's terms, my IB Diploma was graded in May 2010, I wrote my Extended Essay in the English A1 category, and I received an A grade on it.

What Is the Extended Essay in the IB Diploma Programme?

The IB Extended Essay, or EE , is a mini-thesis you write under the supervision of an IB advisor (an IB teacher at your school), which counts toward your IB Diploma (learn more about the major IB Diploma requirements in our guide) . I will explain exactly how the EE affects your Diploma later in this article.

For the Extended Essay, you will choose a research question as a topic, conduct the research independently, then write an essay on your findings . The essay itself is a long one—although there's a cap of 4,000 words, most successful essays get very close to this limit.

Keep in mind that the IB requires this essay to be a "formal piece of academic writing," meaning you'll have to do outside research and cite additional sources.

The IB Extended Essay must include the following:

• A title page
• Contents page
• Introduction
• Body of the essay
• References and bibliography

Additionally, your research topic must fall into one of the six approved DP categories , or IB subject groups, which are as follows:

• Group 1: Studies in Language and Literature
• Group 2: Language Acquisition
• Group 3: Individuals and Societies
• Group 4: Sciences
• Group 5: Mathematics
• Group 6: The Arts

Once you figure out your category and have identified a potential research topic, it's time to pick your advisor, who is normally an IB teacher at your school (though you can also find one online ). This person will help direct your research, and they'll conduct the reflection sessions you'll have to do as part of your Extended Essay.

As of 2018, the IB requires a "reflection process" as part of your EE supervision process. To fulfill this requirement, you have to meet at least three times with your supervisor in what the IB calls "reflection sessions." These meetings are not only mandatory but are also part of the formal assessment of the EE and your research methods.

According to the IB, the purpose of these meetings is to "provide an opportunity for students to reflect on their engagement with the research process." Basically, these meetings give your supervisor the opportunity to offer feedback, push you to think differently, and encourage you to evaluate your research process.

The final reflection session is called the viva voce, and it's a short 10- to 15-minute interview between you and your advisor. This happens at the very end of the EE process, and it's designed to help your advisor write their report, which factors into your EE grade.

Here are the topics covered in your viva voce :

• A check on plagiarism and malpractice
• Your reflection on your project's successes and difficulties
• Your reflection on what you've learned during the EE process

Your completed Extended Essay, along with your supervisor's report, will then be sent to the IB to be graded. We'll cover the assessment criteria in just a moment.

We'll help you learn how to have those "lightbulb" moments...even on test day!  

What Should You Write About in Your IB Extended Essay?

You can technically write about anything, so long as it falls within one of the approved categories listed above.

It's best to choose a topic that matches one of the IB courses , (such as Theatre, Film, Spanish, French, Math, Biology, etc.), which shouldn't be difficult because there are so many class subjects.

Here is a range of sample topics with the attached extended essay:

• Biology: The Effect of Age and Gender on the Photoreceptor Cells in the Human Retina
• Chemistry: How Does Reflux Time Affect the Yield and Purity of Ethyl Aminobenzoate (Benzocaine), and How Effective is Recrystallisation as a Purification Technique for This Compound?
• English: An Exploration of Jane Austen's Use of the Outdoors in Emma
• Geography: The Effect of Location on the Educational Attainment of Indigenous Secondary Students in Queensland, Australia
• Math: Alhazen's Billiard Problem
• Visual Arts: Can Luc Tuymans Be Classified as a Political Painter?

You can see from how varied the topics are that you have a lot of freedom when it comes to picking a topic . So how do you pick when the options are limitless?

How to Write a Stellar IB Extended Essay: 6 Essential Tips

Below are six key tips to keep in mind as you work on your Extended Essay for the IB DP. Follow these and you're sure to get an A!

#1: Write About Something You Enjoy

You can't expect to write a compelling essay if you're not a fan of the topic on which you're writing. For example, I just love British theatre and ended up writing my Extended Essay on a revolution in post-WWII British theatre. (Yes, I'm definitely a #TheatreNerd.)

I really encourage anyone who pursues an IB Diploma to take the Extended Essay seriously. I was fortunate enough to receive a full-tuition merit scholarship to USC's School of Dramatic Arts program. In my interview for the scholarship, I spoke passionately about my Extended Essay; thus, I genuinely think my Extended Essay helped me get my scholarship.

But how do you find a topic you're passionate about? Start by thinking about which classes you enjoy the most and why . Do you like math classes because you like to solve problems? Or do you enjoy English because you like to analyze literary texts?

Keep in mind that there's no right or wrong answer when it comes to choosing your Extended Essay topic. You're not more likely to get high marks because you're writing about science, just like you're not doomed to failure because you've chosen to tackle the social sciences. The quality of what you produce—not the field you choose to research within—will determine your grade.

Once you've figured out your category, you should brainstorm more specific topics by putting pen to paper . What was your favorite chapter you learned in that class? Was it astrophysics or mechanics? What did you like about that specific chapter? Is there something you want to learn more about? I recommend spending a few hours on this type of brainstorming.

One last note: if you're truly stumped on what to research, pick a topic that will help you in your future major or career . That way you can use your Extended Essay as a talking point in your college essays (and it will prepare you for your studies to come too!).

#2: Select a Topic That Is Neither Too Broad nor Too Narrow

There's a fine line between broad and narrow. You need to write about something specific, but not so specific that you can't write 4,000 words on it.

You can't write about WWII because that would be a book's worth of material. You also don't want to write about what type of soup prisoners of war received behind enemy lines, because you probably won’t be able to come up with 4,000 words of material about it. However, you could possibly write about how the conditions in German POW camps—and the rations provided—were directly affected by the Nazis' successes and failures on the front, including the use of captured factories and prison labor in Eastern Europe to increase production. WWII military history might be a little overdone, but you get my point.

If you're really stuck trying to pinpoint a not-too-broad-or-too-narrow topic, I suggest trying to brainstorm a topic that uses a comparison. Once you begin looking through the list of sample essays below, you'll notice that many use comparisons to formulate their main arguments.

I also used a comparison in my EE, contrasting Harold Pinter's Party Time with John Osborne's Look Back in Anger in order to show a transition in British theatre. Topics with comparisons of two to three plays, books, and so on tend to be the sweet spot. You can analyze each item and then compare them with one another after doing some in-depth analysis of each individually. The ways these items compare and contrast will end up forming the thesis of your essay!

When choosing a comparative topic, the key is that the comparison should be significant. I compared two plays to illustrate the transition in British theatre, but you could compare the ways different regional dialects affect people's job prospects or how different temperatures may or may not affect the mating patterns of lightning bugs. The point here is that comparisons not only help you limit your topic, but they also help you build your argument.

Comparisons are not the only way to get a grade-A EE, though. If after brainstorming, you pick a non-comparison-based topic and are still unsure whether your topic is too broad or narrow, spend about 30 minutes doing some basic research and see how much material is out there.

If there are more than 1,000 books, articles, or documentaries out there on that exact topic, it may be too broad. But if there are only two books that have any connection to your topic, it may be too narrow. If you're still unsure, ask your advisor—it's what they're there for! Speaking of advisors...

Don't get stuck with a narrow topic!

#3: Choose an Advisor Who Is Familiar With Your Topic

If you're not certain of who you would like to be your advisor, create a list of your top three choices. Next, write down the pros and cons of each possibility (I know this sounds tedious, but it really helps!).

For example, Mr. Green is my favorite teacher and we get along really well, but he teaches English. For my EE, I want to conduct an experiment that compares the efficiency of American electric cars with foreign electric cars.

I had Ms. White a year ago. She teaches physics and enjoyed having me in her class. Unlike Mr. Green, Ms. White could help me design my experiment.

Based on my topic and what I need from my advisor, Ms. White would be a better fit for me than would Mr. Green (even though I like him a lot).

The moral of my story is this: do not just ask your favorite teacher to be your advisor . They might be a hindrance to you if they teach another subject. For example, I would not recommend asking your biology teacher to guide you in writing an English literature-based EE.

There can, of course, be exceptions to this rule. If you have a teacher who's passionate and knowledgeable about your topic (as my English teacher was about my theatre topic), you could ask that instructor. Consider all your options before you do this. There was no theatre teacher at my high school, so I couldn't find a theatre-specific advisor, but I chose the next best thing.

Before you approach a teacher to serve as your advisor, check with your high school to see what requirements they have for this process. Some IB high schools require your IB Extended Essay advisor to sign an Agreement Form , for instance.

Make sure that you ask your IB coordinator whether there is any required paperwork to fill out. If your school needs a specific form signed, bring it with you when you ask your teacher to be your EE advisor.

#4: Pick an Advisor Who Will Push You to Be Your Best

Some teachers might just take on students because they have to and aren't very passionate about reading drafts, only giving you minimal feedback. Choose a teacher who will take the time to read several drafts of your essay and give you extensive notes. I would not have gotten my A without being pushed to make my Extended Essay draft better.

Ask a teacher that you have experience with through class or an extracurricular activity. Do not ask a teacher that you have absolutely no connection to. If a teacher already knows you, that means they already know your strengths and weaknesses, so they know what to look for, where you need to improve, and how to encourage your best work.

Also, don't forget that your supervisor's assessment is part of your overall EE score . If you're meeting with someone who pushes you to do better—and you actually take their advice—they'll have more impressive things to say about you than a supervisor who doesn't know you well and isn't heavily involved in your research process.

Be aware that the IB only allows advisors to make suggestions and give constructive criticism. Your teacher cannot actually help you write your EE. The IB recommends that the supervisor spends approximately two to three hours in total with the candidate discussing the EE.

#5: Make Sure Your Essay Has a Clear Structure and Flow

The IB likes structure. Your EE needs a clear introduction (which should be one to two double-spaced pages), research question/focus (i.e., what you're investigating), a body, and a conclusion (about one double-spaced page). An essay with unclear organization will be graded poorly.

The body of your EE should make up the bulk of the essay. It should be about eight to 18 pages long (again, depending on your topic). Your body can be split into multiple parts. For example, if you were doing a comparison, you might have one third of your body as Novel A Analysis, another third as Novel B Analysis, and the final third as your comparison of Novels A and B.

If you're conducting an experiment or analyzing data, such as in this EE , your EE body should have a clear structure that aligns with the scientific method ; you should state the research question, discuss your method, present the data, analyze the data, explain any uncertainties, and draw a conclusion and/or evaluate the success of the experiment.

#6: Start Writing Sooner Rather Than Later!

You will not be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in just a week and get an A on it. You'll be reading many, many articles (and, depending on your topic, possibly books and plays as well!). As such, it's imperative that you start your research as soon as possible.

Each school has a slightly different deadline for the Extended Essay. Some schools want them as soon as November of your senior year; others will take them as late as February. Your school will tell you what your deadline is. If they haven't mentioned it by February of your junior year, ask your IB coordinator about it.

Some high schools will provide you with a timeline of when you need to come up with a topic, when you need to meet with your advisor, and when certain drafts are due. Not all schools do this. Ask your IB coordinator if you are unsure whether you are on a specific timeline.

Below is my recommended EE timeline. While it's earlier than most schools, it'll save you a ton of heartache (trust me, I remember how hard this process was!):

• January/February of Junior Year: Come up with your final research topic (or at least your top three options).
• February of Junior Year: Approach a teacher about being your EE advisor. If they decline, keep asking others until you find one. See my notes above on how to pick an EE advisor.
• April/May of Junior Year: Submit an outline of your EE and a bibliography of potential research sources (I recommend at least seven to 10) to your EE advisor. Meet with your EE advisor to discuss your outline.
• Summer Between Junior and Senior Year: Complete your first full draft over the summer between your junior and senior year. I know, I know—no one wants to work during the summer, but trust me—this will save you so much stress come fall when you are busy with college applications and other internal assessments for your IB classes. You will want to have this first full draft done because you will want to complete a couple of draft cycles as you likely won't be able to get everything you want to say into 4,000 articulate words on the first attempt. Try to get this first draft into the best possible shape so you don't have to work on too many revisions during the school year on top of your homework, college applications, and extracurriculars.
• August/September of Senior Year: Turn in your first draft of your EE to your advisor and receive feedback. Work on incorporating their feedback into your essay. If they have a lot of suggestions for improvement, ask if they will read one more draft before the final draft.
• September/October of Senior Year: Submit the second draft of your EE to your advisor (if necessary) and look at their feedback. Work on creating the best possible final draft.
• November-February of Senior Year: Schedule your viva voce. Submit two copies of your final draft to your school to be sent off to the IB. You likely will not get your grade until after you graduate.

Remember that in the middle of these milestones, you'll need to schedule two other reflection sessions with your advisor . (Your teachers will actually take notes on these sessions on a form like this one , which then gets submitted to the IB.)

I recommend doing them when you get feedback on your drafts, but these meetings will ultimately be up to your supervisor. Just don't forget to do them!

The early bird DOES get the worm!

How Is the IB Extended Essay Graded?

Extended Essays are graded by examiners appointed by the IB on a scale of 0 to 34 . You'll be graded on five criteria, each with its own set of points. You can learn more about how EE scoring works by reading the IB guide to extended essays .

• Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum)
• Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum)
• Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum)
• Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum)
• Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum)

How well you do on each of these criteria will determine the final letter grade you get for your EE. You must earn at least a D to be eligible to receive your IB Diploma.

Although each criterion has a point value, the IB explicitly states that graders are not converting point totals into grades; instead, they're using qualitative grade descriptors to determine the final grade of your Extended Essay . Grade descriptors are on pages 102-103 of this document .

Here's a rough estimate of how these different point values translate to letter grades based on previous scoring methods for the EE. This is just an estimate —you should read and understand the grade descriptors so you know exactly what the scorers are looking for.

Here is the breakdown of EE scores (from the May 2021 bulletin):

How Does the Extended Essay Grade Affect Your IB Diploma?

The Extended Essay grade is combined with your TOK (Theory of Knowledge) grade to determine how many points you get toward your IB Diploma.

To learn about Theory of Knowledge or how many points you need to receive an IB Diploma, read our complete guide to the IB program and our guide to the IB Diploma requirements .

This diagram shows how the two scores are combined to determine how many points you receive for your IB diploma (3 being the most, 0 being the least). In order to get your IB Diploma, you have to earn 24 points across both categories (the TOK and EE). The highest score anyone can earn is 45 points.

Let's say you get an A on your EE and a B on TOK. You will get 3 points toward your Diploma. As of 2014, a student who scores an E on either the extended essay or TOK essay will not be eligible to receive an IB Diploma .

Prior to the class of 2010, a Diploma candidate could receive a failing grade in either the Extended Essay or Theory of Knowledge and still be awarded a Diploma, but this is no longer true.

Figuring out how you're assessed can be a little tricky. Luckily, the IB breaks everything down here in this document . (The assessment information begins on page 219.)

40+ Sample Extended Essays for the IB Diploma Programme

In case you want a little more guidance on how to get an A on your EE, here are over 40 excellent (grade A) sample extended essays for your reading pleasure. Essays are grouped by IB subject.

• Business Management 1
• Chemistry 1
• Chemistry 2
• Chemistry 3
• Chemistry 4
• Chemistry 5
• Chemistry 6
• Chemistry 7
• Computer Science 1
• Economics 1
• Design Technology 1
• Design Technology 2
• Environmental Systems and Societies 1
• Geography 1
• Geography 2
• Geography 3
• Geography 4
• Geography 5
• Geography 6
• Literature and Performance 1
• Mathematics 1
• Mathematics 2
• Mathematics 3
• Mathematics 4
• Mathematics 5
• Philosophy 1
• Philosophy 2
• Philosophy 3
• Philosophy 4
• Philosophy 5
• Psychology 1
• Psychology 2
• Psychology 3
• Psychology 4
• Psychology 5
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 1
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 2
• Social and Cultural Anthropology 3
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 1
• Sports, Exercise and Health Science 2
• Visual Arts 1
• Visual Arts 2
• Visual Arts 3
• Visual Arts 4
• Visual Arts 5
• World Religion 1
• World Religion 2
• World Religion 3

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Mathematics Extended Essay Topics for IB

Table of contents

• Writing Metier

Ever felt the exhilaration that comes with cracking a complex math problem? That’s the sheer beauty of mathematics – it’s a world where numbers dance, patterns emerge, and solutions await the keen observer. Felt that? Hah?

Now, imagine channeling that same enthusiasm and zest into your Math Extended essay. It might sound like a challenge, but isn’t that what we thrive on? With the right Math EE topic, you can showcase your mathematical prowess and leave an indelible mark on your IB evaluators following the general criteria. 

To help you with that, I’ve curated a list of Math extended essay ideas that span the spectrum from the accessible to the intricate. 

So, let’s begin.

IB Math extended essay ideas

These aren’t just topics; they’re gateways to exploration, understanding, and innovation. 

Ready to get started?

Easy-to-approach topics

For those looking for a gentler introduction to the Math Extended essay, below is a list of 10 engaging and manageable IB Math EE topic ideas, each with a research question and a brief description on how to approach it:

Patterns in Pascal’s Triangle

Research Question: 

How do patterns emerge in Pascal’s Triangle?

Description: 

Begin with the construction of Pascal’s Triangle, then delve into the exploration of its patterns, such as triangular numbers and the Fibonacci sequence.

Mathematics of Voting Systems

How do different voting systems weigh individual votes mathematically?

Introduce various voting systems, then analyze the mathematical principles behind each, discussing fairness and potential biases.

Geometry in Art

Research Question:  

How is geometry used to create visual appeal in art?

Explore various art pieces, highlighting the geometric principles employed, and discuss their impact on aesthetics.

The Math Behind Baking

How do ratios in baking recipes affect the final product?

Investigate the importance of maintaining specific ratios in baking recipes and experiment with variations to observe changes in outcomes.

Probability in Card Games

How does understanding probability enhance success in card games like Poker?

Delve into the rules of Poker and then analyze various hands and scenarios using probability principles.

Symmetry in Nature

How is symmetry exhibited in natural formations?

Explore the concept of symmetry mathematically and then identify and analyze its presence in various natural formations like leaves, flowers, and animals.

Mathematics of Music

How do mathematical patterns influence musical scales and rhythms?

Investigate the structure of musical scales, rhythms, and time signatures, highlighting the underlying mathematical patterns.

Simple Interest vs. Compound Interest

How do simple and compound interest methods impact savings over time?

Define both interest methods and then use mathematical modeling to compare their effects on savings over various periods.

The Golden Ratio in Architecture

How is the Golden Ratio applied in iconic architectural designs?

Introduce the concept of the Golden Ratio and then analyze its application in various famous architectural structures.

Mathematics of Juggling

How do mathematical patterns and sequences dictate juggling techniques?

Explore basic juggling techniques and patterns, analyzing the mathematical sequences that jugglers use to maintain rhythm and control.

Each of these topic ideas and RQs is approachable yet offers ample scope for exploration and analysis within the realm of mathematics.

Intermediate topics

For those seeking a bit more challenge without diving into the deep end, the topics below offer a balanced blend of complexity and accessibility.

Here’s a list of 10 average-difficulty IB Math Extended essay topics, each with a research question and a brief description of how to approach it:

Game Theory in Economics

How does game theory provide insights into competitive market behaviors?

Introduce game theory principles and use business world case studies to show strategic decision-making influenced by game theory.

Fractals and Nature

How do fractal patterns manifest in natural phenomena?

Description:  

Delve into the mathematical concept of fractals and explore their appearance in various natural settings, such as coastlines, mountains, and plants.

Mathematics of Population Growth Models

How do mathematical models accurately predict population growth in urban areas?

Introduce population growth models and use real urban area data to validate these models, discussing influencing factors.

Cryptography and Internet Security

How do modern cryptographic techniques ensure data security on the internet?

Explore the evolution of cryptography, focusing on modern techniques, and discuss their role in ensuring data security in online transactions.

Mathematical Modeling of Epidemics

How can mathematical models predict the spread of infectious diseases?

Introduce basic epidemiological models and analyze their effectiveness in predicting disease spread using real-world data.

Topology and Coffee Cups

How does topology explain the mathematical similarity between a coffee cup and a donut?

Dive into the basics of topology and use it to explain the often-cited comparison between coffee cups and donuts, emphasizing the concept of homeomorphism.

Chaos Theory and Weather Forecasting

How does chaos theory impact the accuracy of long-term weather forecasts?

Introduce chaos theory, then delve into its application in meteorology, discussing the challenges and limitations in predicting weather.

Mathematics Behind Neural Networks

How do mathematical algorithms drive the functioning of neural networks in artificial intelligence?

Explore the structure of neural networks and delve into the mathematical algorithms that enable their learning and functioning.

Optimization Problems in Logistics

How can mathematical optimization improve efficiency in supply chain logistics?

Investigate real-world logistics challenges and demonstrate how mathematical optimization techniques can offer solutions.

Number Theory in Modern Cryptography

How does advanced number theory underpin modern cryptographic techniques?

Delve into number theory concepts and their application in modern cryptographic methods, emphasizing their role in ensuring data security.

These topics and research questions offer a balanced blend of complexity and accessibility, making them suitable for students seeking a moderate challenge in their Math Extended essay.

Advanced topics (with potential for higher rewards)

For the brave hearts ready to dive deep, these topics are challenging but can yield impressive results when tackled effectively.

The list of 10 challenging IB Math Extended essay ideas, each with a research question and a brief description:

Navier–Stokes Existence and Smoothness

What are the mathematical implications of the unsolved Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness problem in fluid dynamics?

Delve deep into the Navier–Stokes equations, exploring their significance in fluid dynamics and the challenges surrounding their unsolved problems.

Riemann Hypothesis and Prime Numbers

How does the Riemann Hypothesis relate to the distribution of prime numbers?

Investigate the Riemann Hypothesis, its historical context, and its profound implications for the distribution of prime numbers.

Quantum Cryptography and Key Distribution

How does quantum cryptography enhance security in key distribution?

Explore the principles of quantum mechanics applied to cryptography, focusing on the advantages and challenges of quantum key distribution.

Elliptic Curves and Cryptography

How do elliptic curves underpin modern cryptographic techniques?

Dive into the mathematics of elliptic curves and their pivotal role in modern cryptographic algorithms.

Four Color Theorem and Graph Theory

How does the Four Color Theorem demonstrate the complexities of graph coloring?

Investigate the history and proof of the Four Color Theorem, discussing its implications and challenges in graph theory.

Complex Analysis in Quantum Mechanics

How does complex analysis influence the mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics?

Delve into the principles of complex analysis and explore their applications and significance in quantum mechanics.

Twin Prime Conjecture

What are the implications and challenges of the Twin Prime Conjecture in number theory?

Investigate the Twin Prime Conjecture, its history, and its significance in the realm of number theory.

Knot Theory and DNA Replication

How does knot theory provide insights into the process of DNA replication?

Explore the mathematical intricacies of knot theory and its applications in understanding the complexities of DNA replication.

Ergodic Theory and Thermodynamics

How does ergodic theory connect with the principles of statistical thermodynamics?

Dive deep into ergodic theory, exploring its foundational concepts and its connections to statistical thermodynamics.

Langlands Program and Number Theory

What is the Langlands Program, and how does it seek to unify different areas of mathematics?

Investigate the Langlands Program, its objectives, and its profound implications in unifying disparate areas of mathematics, particularly number theory.

These topics are undoubtedly challenging but can yield impressive results when tackled effectively. They offer a deep dive into complex mathematical concepts and theories, making them ideal for students aiming for the highest grades in their Math Extended essay.

Get extended essay help

Before continuing to the next block, I suggest our Math EE writing or editing services . Our company has been working with numerous IB students and helped them write custom IB extended essays.

Join a team of happy IB students who have followed the IB extended essay rubric and criteria and gained better results with Writing Metier and our Math assignments help !

Overused Math EE topics (proceed with caution)

While these topics are popular, they’ve been explored extensively. If you choose one, ensure you bring a fresh perspective:

• The Fibonacci Sequence in Nature.
• Pi and its Mysteries.
• The Monty Hall Problem.
• The Birthday Paradox.
• Exploring Pascal’s Triangle.
• The Mathematics of the Pyramids.
• The Tower of Hanoi Problem.
• Benford’s Law.
• The Four Color Theorem.
• The Mathematics of the Rubik’s Cube.

Keep in mind that selecting such a topic will require hard work to find a new custom angle of research and sometimes might not lead to higher grades .

In Conclusion

Alright, IB champs, that wraps up our curated selection of Math EE topics, each with its unique flavor and challenge. The topic is just the starting point. The real magic happens when you infuse it with your insights, analysis, and unique perspective. 

Mathematics isn’t just about numbers; it’s about stories and trips within the confines of equations and graphs. As you gear up to tackle your Extended essay, keep that passion alive, keep questioning, and most importantly, enjoy the process. 

Don’t forget to reserve extra space because it may take time to write an extended essay . And if you’re ever in doubt, remember that Writing Metier is here to guide you through every step of the process.

Free topic suggestions

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Vasyl Kafidoff is a co-founder and CEO at WritingMetier. He is interested in education and how modern technology makes it more accessible. He wants to bring awareness about new learning possibilities as an educational specialist. When Vasy is not working, he’s found behind a drum kit.

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Table of content

Extended essay & what is it❓, ib math ee vs math ia 🥊 , wth is an ib math extended essay 🌋, a brief about ib math ee 🩲, sexy pointers you can't-miss 🤤, 4 ways to find the right math ee topic ⭕, formulate your research question 🔎, planning your research & essay 📖, structuring your essay 🏗️, ib math ee reflection, what to do 🪞, ib math ee criteria 🧮, ib math ee examples 🛹.

It's time we address the elephant in the room.

IB Mathematics Extended Essay.

There, we said it.

If you've taken up IB Math EE, we're here to tell you that it isn't over, contrary to what you might have heard.

Researching, planning, and finally writing a good IB Math EE is no walk in the park, but rest assured that you'll feel different once you've gone through this valuable document.

Nail IB presents the only comprehensive guide you need to nail your IB Math EE.

Let's keep it accurate.

IB Math EE is a rigorous, independent, academic research essay that calls for,

• a keen interest in Mathematics,
• strong mathematical aptitude & reasoning,
• a focused and disciplined approach, and most importantly,
• essential tips, techniques, and quality guidance.

When one opts for IB Math EE, one should ensure a strong passion for Mathematics and a solid mathematical foundation. Not to mention being willing to devote their time and effort to this self-directed research.

Disclaimer -  If you have second thoughts, you should reconsider and re-evaluate your choice because it's no use aiming in the dark.

There needs to be more!

Invaluable tips and techniques are the last missing piece of the IB Math EE puzzle.

Given the panic and stigma around Math Extended Essay, what students need, is not some more panic; instead, expert guidance to keep them pumped to write their EE papers with skill, precision, and utmost zeal. And so, true to our word, we're here to help you.

Say it out loud for me - I got this!

Before diving any further, we are thrilled to share our premium IB Math resources. Check out the  IB Math AI SL  bundle and the  IB Math AI HL  bundle, including everything from comprehensive, up-to-date video lecture courses by Adam Nazha to curated IB Resource Libraries. All your IB DP Math queries are now answered!

While you're at it, check out our  IB Math AA SL  repository, where Patrick Jones (yep, you got that right, our very own  PatrickJMT  - the best Mathematics instructor in the world) will guide you with a brilliant video lecture course he has created to help you nail your concepts and exams alike! Happy learning!

Returning to our one-stop guide for all things IB Math EE, let us see what this article will cover.

• Extended Essay & What is it ❓
• IB Math EE Vs Math IA  🥊
• WTH Is An IB Math Extended Essay?  🌋
• A Brief About IB Math EE ?  🩲
• Sexy Pointers You Can't Miss  🤤
• 4 Ways To Find The Right Math EE topic  ⭕
• Formulate Your Research Question  🔎
• Planning Your Research and Essay  📖
• Structuring Your Essay  🏗️
• Writing Your Essay Writing Your Reflection  🪞
• IB Math EE Criteria  🧮
• IB Math EE Examples  🛹

First things first, let’s briefly discuss what an Extended Essay is.

As the IB defines it, the Extended Essay is a  4000-word in-depth  study, part of the IB Diploma Programme core mandatory for all students.

A  500-word  reflection component-inclusive of 3 reflections - is submitted with the academic writing.

This, of course, is done under the supervision of your IB advisor. The critical thing to note is that you can choose to write an Extended Essay on any subject offered by the IB in your session, though it is highly recommended you settle on a topic you are studying as a part of your IB curriculum.

The purpose of an Extended Essay is to motivate students to conduct formal research on a subject area of interest, independently work on the chosen research question and gain guidance from their respective IB mentors every step of the way.

The IB highlights the significance of the Extended Essay:

• Hands-on learning for undergraduate research
• An opportunity for students to research an area of interest relating to one of the 6 DP subjects opted for by the student.

The skills the Extended Essay aims to develop in students are:

• Coming up with a relevant Research Question
• Personally engaging with a topic of exploration
• A coherent communication of ideas
• Strong Argument building

For better understanding, go through  this document on Extended Essays   by the IB. It will make things more transparent.

Students often confuse their Internal Assessments with Extended Essays, which is a grave mistake. Gaining clarity on both these components of the IB DP core is essential. Let us understand the significant difference between the two.

• While Internal Assessments require students to investigate and explore an idea, Extended Essays are more formal. Students need to perform primary and secondary research on a research question they choose based on a diverse topic about the subject. Since EE is an independently researched essay, your mentor may only be able to give you some of the answers you wanted, unlike the IA.
• Students must write one Extended Essay on a subject of their choice for their IB Diploma Programme, but I must be prepared for all the topics.
• Internal Assessments are graded internally by the subject instructor and then moderated externally. Extended Essays are marked externally by examiners appointed by the IB. Your grade on your Extended Essay is combined with your Theory of Knowledge Essay/Exhibition score to assign you your overall score/points.

Word of caution:  Do not choose the same investigation topic/research question for your Internal Assessment and the Extended Essay.

For a much better breakdown of the EE document, you must go through our article on the  IB Extended Essay . It contains an IB EE checklist you must attend to and a detailed overview of the structure and planning of the EE.

Now that we’ve got our basics to, let’s get down to business. The fear around IB Math Extended Essay makes the most confident students hesitate and doubt their choices. But we aren’t here to scare you. The myth about the horrors of the IB Math EE isn’t all false; it’s a caution. Because unless you’re prepared with ammunition, strategy, and the will to put in the effort, there’s a slim chance you can survive the Math Extended Essay battle.

If you’ve opted for Math Extended Essay, we assume you have a strong passion for Mathematics. When the going gets tough while working on one’s Extended Essay-which, which is usually the case-your only hope at the end of the tunnel is your drive for the subject you’ve chosen. Being a rigorous subject for writing one’s Extended Essay, Mathematics can be incredibly demanding. So unless you want to play it risky, we suggest you reassess your liking for Mathematics. Once you know for sure, that’s when it begins. Lots of research. Since it is an independently written document, you want to be doing your homework well.

We will further break down the IB Math Extended Essay, from planning to execution, so that you can organize your thoughts and make appropriate decisions.

The Math Extended Essay is an in-depth research document covering any topic with a mathematical focus, i.e., not limited to the mathematics theory (shouldn’t be entirely descriptive). IB has divided Math Extended Essays into six categories:

• the applicability of mathematics to solve both real and abstract problems
• The beauty of mathematics examples includes geometry or fractal theory.
• the application of mathematics in the proving of theorems, for example, number theory
• the history of mathematics: the origin and subsequent development of a branch of mathematics over some time, measured in tens, hundreds, or thousands of years
• the effect of technology on mathematics
• in creating links between different branches of mathematics,
• Or in bringing about a new branch of mathematics or causing a particular unit to flourish.

Your Math EE topic should be an extension of your IB Maths syllabus or the practical application of the knowledge you’ve gained in class.

Before moving on to the planning and structure of the Math Extended Essay, here are some pointers you absolutely cannot afford to miss:

• Attempting a Math EE requires a decent amount of hard work. While conducting preliminary research, ensure you land on a topic you can personally engage with and are familiar with. Going for a complicated subject, you can’t comprehend and interpret futile.
• The mathematical work you put in will have to meet a certain level of sophistication, so avoid going for a topic that gives rise to a trivial research question. Your research question shouldn’t be too generic or broad on similar lines. Ensure you can sufficiently narrow down your area of investigation.
• Another thing to remember is that the topic you finally choose should have a good research foundation and room for a novel contribution.
• Incorporate Primary and Secondary research wherever appropriate.
• Proper Referencing should be done for the essay.
• For Reflection, emphasize the Planning, Research, and Writing Processes.

Spitball ideas -  You begin here. Write down any interesting ideas you can come up with. This is your brainstorming session.

Do your Research -  You could not, would not want to meddle with this step, let alone skip it. Research. Read reports, articles, and documentation. Keep jotting important points down simultaneously. The study will and must go on throughout your search for the right math EE topic.

Approach professors/professionals/experts -  Contact concerned lecturers, professors, and industry professionals. They can provide you with invaluable insights. It would be best if you also discussed ideas with your mentor.

Point to Note -  Your goal should be to find a topic you understand and contribute to. It is always recommended to refer to your Math syllabus; something there inspires you to get the ball rolling!

Your essay will be structured as a document answering the Research Question you’re working on. It should be focused, clear and arguable. You will build your essay around your Research Question; hence pay close attention to it.

All you will include in your essay must be mentioned in your Research Question. This means the focused area you will be exploring and the methods you will use to achieve a plausible outcome.

Honing your Research Question is a continuous process. If it appears relatively easy or complex, please rephrase it. Good Research Questions may start with: “How can we model…”, “To what extent…” etc.

Collect Primary and Secondary data and incorporate it wherever appropriate.

Primary sources for Math research include 

• Data-gathering
• Visualization
• Abstraction
• Conjecturing

A few sources to gather Secondary data include Google Scholar, textbooks, databases such as JSTOR, etc. For your essay, know your aims and devise a step-by-step plan to answer your research question while maintaining a mathematical focus.

• Though you can approach your essay in whichever way you like, there should be a consistent logical structure.
• The work done in your essay should develop to answer your research question.
• Subheadings will provide your work with much-needed coherence and viability.
• Describe your way of thinking
• Write definitions and Conjectures.
• Use symbols, theorems, graphs, and diagrams
• Justify your conclusions.
• Visual aids such as graphs and diagrams should be included in the body, while tables and computer programs should be mentioned in the footnotes or the appendix.
• Data must be analyzed appropriately using relevant techniques, correctly reasoned arguments, and adequate methodology to achieve a result.
• Provide the necessary explanation and commentary for all your work.
• Throughout the writing, you may need to re-evaluate the method, approach, and structure to fit the word count adequately.

Once you’re finished writing, you will have to reassess everything from scratch- the equations, the theory, etc., to ensure the coherence of your essay.

• The three reflections should highlight how the process of writing your essay changed in due course of work and what you’ve learned from it.
• The Reflection should emphasize the planning, research, and writing process.
• You should discuss your choices, the re-evaluations you had to make, the limitations of your work, and how you overcame them, if at all.
• The three reflections are written at the beginning, mid, and towards the end of your essay and should have a word limit of approximately 150, 150, and 200, respectively.

Extended Essays are assessed externally by IB-appointed examiners and are marked on a scale of 0 to 34. The score obtained by a student corresponds to a particular band. The bands are:

A -  refers to work of an excellent standard (Level 6)

B -  refers to the creation of a good standard (Level 6)

C -  refers to work of a satisfactory standard (Level-12)

D -  refers to the product of a mediocre standard (Level 4)

E -  refers to the design of an elementary average (Level 6)

Anything below D will be considered a failing grade, and the student will not be awarded the IB diploma.  As we said, your EE is not a component you can mess up.

The Extended Essay Rubric includes the following Assessment Criteria:

Criterion A -   Focus and Method (Covers the topic, research question, and methodology)

Criterion B -  Knowledge and Understanding (Covers context, subject-specific terminology, and concepts)

Criterion C -  Critical Thinking (Covers research, analysis, discussion, and evaluation)

Criterion D -  Presentation (Covers structure, layout)

Criterion E -  Engagement (Covers reflection on planning and progress)

Now that we’ve discovered and learned about the process of writing a Math EE, here are a couple of ideas to give you an idea about how your Math EE questions should be framed:

Topic -  Archimedes’ calculation of areas

Research Question -  What is the legacy of Archimedes’ calculations of circular and parabolic areas in today’s integration methods?

Topic -  Approximation of irrational numbers by rational numbers

Research Question -  How well can π, e, √2, and other irrationals be approximated by rational numbers?

Topic -   The geometry of navigation

Research Question -  What was the role of mathematics and geometry in navigation when we relied on the stars? Does it still play a part now we have manufactured satellites?

You should also check out this  sample band, A Math EE, published by the IB . This will give you an honest insight into making a band-A essay. Also, go through  band B, C, and D extended essays  to understand the loopholes to avoid.

And that’s a wrap!

We hope this comprehensive IB Math EE guide answers your queries regarding the EE. We also suggest you go through  this IB Extended Essay guide  to clarify the Extended Essay component of your IB DP curriculum. You should also try Nail IB’s Extended Essay guide; check it out  here !

At Nail IB, we’re committed to delivering A-quality guidance so that your IB DP journey is smooth and successful. You can explore  our take-test  series here and access   premium guides  here.

Happy learning!

IB Resources you will love!

Nan + free ib flashcards, -1 + free ia samples, nan + ib videos by experts, -1 + ib sample practice questions, ib resources for nan + subjects.

Extended Essay: Group 5: Mathematics

• General Timeline
• Group 1: English Language and Literature
• Group 2: Language Acquisition
• Group 3: Individuals and Societies
• Group 4: Sciences
• Group 5: Mathematics
• Group 6: The Arts
• Interdisciplinary essays
• Six sub-categories for WSEE
• IB Interdisciplinary EE Assessment Guide
• Brainstorming
• Pre-Writing
• Research Techniques
• The Research Question
• Paraphrasing, Summarising and Quotations
• Writing an EE Introduction
• Writing the main body of your EE
• Writing your EE Conclusion
• Sources: Finding, Organising and Evaluating Them
• Conducting Interviews and Surveys
• Citing and Referencing
• Check-in Sessions
• First Formal Reflection
• Second Formal Reflection
• Final Reflection (Viva Voce)
• Researcher's Reflection Space (RRS) Examples
• Information for Supervisors
• How is the EE Graded?
• EE Online Resources
• Stavanger Public Library
• Exemplar Essays
• Extended Essay Presentations
• ISS High School Academic Honesty Policy

Mathematics

An extended essay (EE) in mathematics is intended for students who are writing on any topic that has a mathematical focus and it need not be confined to the theory of mathematics itself.

Essays in this group are divided into six categories:

• the applicability of mathematics to solve both real and abstract problems
• the beauty of mathematics—eg geometry or fractal theory
• the elegance of mathematics in the proving of theorems—eg number theory
• the history of mathematics: the origin and subsequent development of a branch of mathematics over a period of time, measured in tens, hundreds or thousands of years
• the effect of technology on mathematics:
• in forging links between different branches of mathematics,
• or in bringing about a new branch of mathematics, or causing a particular branch to flourish.

These are just some of the many different ways that mathematics can be enjoyable or useful, or, as in many cases, both.

For an Introduction in a Mathematics EE look HERE . 

Choice of topic

The EE may be written on any topic that has a mathematical focus and it need not be confined to the theory of mathematics itself.

Students may choose mathematical topics from fields such as engineering, the sciences or the social sciences, as well as from mathematics itself.

Statistical analyses of experimental results taken from other subject areas are also acceptable, provided that they focus on the modeling process and discuss the limitations of the results; such essays should not include extensive non-mathematical detail.

A topic selected from the history of mathematics may also be appropriate, provided that a clear line of mathematical development is demonstrated. Concentration on the lives of, or personal rivalries between, mathematicians would be irrelevant and would not score highly on the assessment criteria.

It should be noted that the assessment criteria give credit for the nature of the investigation and for the extent that reasoned arguments are applied to an appropriate research question.

Students should avoid choosing a topic that gives rise to a trivial research question or one that is not sufficiently focused to allow appropriate treatment within the requirements of the EE.

Students will normally be expected either to extend their knowledge beyond that encountered in the Diploma Programme mathematics course they are studying or to apply techniques used in their mathematics course to modeling in an appropriately chosen topic.

However, it is very important to remember that it is an essay that is being written, not a research paper for a journal of advanced mathematics, and no result, however impressive, should be quoted without evidence of the student’s real understanding of it.

Example and Treatment of Topic

Examples of topics

These examples are just for guidance. Students must ensure their choice of topic is focused (left-hand column) rather than broad (right-hand column

Treatment of the topic

Whatever the title of the EE, students must apply good mathematical practice that is relevant to the

chosen topic, including:

• data analysed using appropriate techniques

• arguments correctly reasoned

• situations modeled using correct methodology

• problems clearly stated and techniques at the correct level of sophistication applied to their solution.

Research methods

Students must be advised that mathematical research is a long-term and open-ended exploration of a set of related mathematical problems that are based on personal observations. 

The answers to these problems connect to and build upon each other over time.

Students’ research should be guided by analysis of primary and secondary sources.

A primary source for research in mathematics involves:

• data-gathering

• visualization

• abstraction

• conjecturing

• proof.

A secondary source of research refers to a comprehensive review of scholarly work, including books, journal articles or essays in an edited collection.

A literature review for mathematics might not be as extensive as in other subjects, but students are expected to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of the mathematics they are using in the context of the broader discipline, for example how the mathematics they are using has been applied before, or in a different area to the one they are investigating.

Writing the essay

Throughout the EE students should communicate mathematically:

• describing their way of thinking

• writing definitions and conjectures

• using symbols, theorems, graphs and diagrams

• justifying their conclusions.

There must be sufficient explanation and commentary throughout the essay to ensure that the reader does not lose sight of its purpose in a mass of mathematical symbols, formulae and analysis.

The unique disciplines of mathematics must be respected throughout. Relevant graphs and diagrams are often important and should be incorporated in the body of the essay, not relegated to an appendix.

However, lengthy printouts, tables of results and computer programs should not be allowed to interrupt the development of the essay, and should appear separately as footnotes or in an appendix. Proofs of key results may be included, but proofs of standard results should be either omitted or, if they illustrate an important point, included in an appendix.

Examples of topics, research questions and suggested approaches

Once students have identified their topic and written their research question, they can decide how to

research their answer. They may find it helpful to write a statement outlining their broad approach. These

examples are for guidance only.

An important note on “double-dipping”

Students must ensure that their EE does not duplicate other work they are submitting for the Diploma Programme. For example, students are not permitted to repeat any of the mathematics in their IA in their EE, or vice versa.

The mathematics EE and internal assessment

An EE in mathematics is not an extension of the internal assessment (IA) task. Students must ensure that they understand the differences between the two.

• The EE is a more substantial piece of work that requires formal research
• The IA is an exploration of an idea in mathematics.

It is not appropriate for a student to choose the same topic for an EE as the IA. There would be too much danger of duplication and it must therefore be discouraged.

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IB Math EE - Math Extended Essay Guide

The IB Math Extended Essay is a challenging yet rewarding academic endeavor that allows students to explore and delve deeper into various mathematical concepts and techniques. This article aims to provide valuable insights and guidance on how to successfully navigate through the process of writing an IB Math Extended Essay.

With a focus on conducting effective research, applying mathematical concepts, developing a coherent argument, and managing time and organization, this article offers practical tips to help students overcome challenges and roadblocks they may encounter along the way.

Furthermore, this article emphasizes the importance of showcasing personal engagement in the essay by demonstrating genuine curiosity and passion for the chosen topic. By doing so, students can celebrate their accomplishment in producing a well-written piece that reflects their dedication and understanding of mathematics.

Whether you are just beginning your journey or already immersed in your IB Math Extended Essay, this informative guide will equip you with essential tools to excel in your academic pursuit while ensuring safety within an objective academic writing style.

Key Takeaways

• IB Math Extended Essay is a challenging academic endeavor that allows students to explore mathematical concepts and techniques.
• The essay requires effective research, application of mathematical concepts, coherent argument, and time management.
• Personal engagement and passion are important for a successful extended essay.
• Effective research strategies include consulting scholarly articles, books, and reputable online resources, and following clear plans and systematic methodologies.

Understanding the IB Math Extended Essay

The IB Math Extended Essay is a research project that requires students to investigate a mathematical topic of their choice in depth, demonstrating their understanding and application of mathematical principles. It serves as an opportunity for students to engage in independent research and explore the subject matter beyond the scope of the standard math curriculum. The essay allows students to delve into complex mathematical concepts, develop logical arguments, and present their findings in a structured manner.

To ensure safety within this academic pursuit, it is crucial for students to adhere to ethical guidelines when conducting their research. This includes citing all sources accurately and giving credit where it is due. Additionally, students should prioritize data integrity by using reliable sources and verifying information before incorporating it into their essays.

In order to conduct effective research for the IB Math Extended Essay, students must employ various strategies such as consulting scholarly articles, books, and reputable online resources. They should also consider seeking guidance from experts or professionals who can provide valuable insights on their chosen topic. By utilizing these resources effectively, students can enhance the quality of their research and ultimately produce a comprehensive essay that contributes meaningfully to the field of mathematics.

Transitioning into the next section on conducting effective research without explicitly stating "step," it is essential for students to approach their investigation with a clear plan and systematic methodology.

Conducting Effective Research

To effectively conduct research for an IB Math extended essay, it is essential to approach the task with an objective and impersonal mindset. This ensures that the research is conducted in a systematic and unbiased manner, allowing for reliable and valid results. Here are four helpful tips to consider when conducting research for your IB Math extended essay:

• Define your research question clearly: Start by identifying a specific problem or topic within the field of mathematics that you want to explore. Clearly define your research question to provide focus and direction throughout the process.
• Gather relevant sources: Conduct a thorough literature review to identify existing theories, models, and studies related to your research question. This will help you build a solid foundation of knowledge and understand previous findings in order to contribute something new to the field.
• Collect and analyze data: Depending on your chosen topic, collect data using appropriate methods such as surveys, experiments, or simulations. Ensure that your data collection process is rigorous and follows ethical guidelines.
• Draw meaningful conclusions: Analyze your data using appropriate mathematical techniques and interpret the results objectively. Draw meaningful conclusions that address your research question's objectives while considering any limitations or uncertainties present in the study.

By following these steps, you can conduct effective research for your IB Math extended essay that contributes valuable insights into the field of mathematics. Moving forward into applying mathematical concepts and techniques…

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Applying Mathematical Concepts and Techniques

Applying mathematical concepts and techniques involves seamlessly integrating complex equations, formulas, and algorithms into practical real-world scenarios, unlocking the potential for innovative solutions and transformative insights. By harnessing the power of mathematics, researchers can analyze data, model systems, and make predictions with precision and accuracy. Mathematical tools provide a structured framework to explore relationships between variables, identify patterns, and test hypotheses.

To illustrate the significance of applying mathematical concepts in research, let us consider a 2-column table:

Mathematical ConceptPractical ApplicationProbability theoryAssessing risks in safety engineeringOptimizationOptimizing resource allocation in disaster managementStatistical analysisAnalyzing crime patterns for effective law enforcement

This table demonstrates how mathematical concepts can be applied to enhance safety measures. Probability theory enables engineers to assess risks associated with different design choices. Optimization techniques help allocate limited resources efficiently during emergencies. Statistical analysis allows law enforcement agencies to identify crime hotspots for targeted interventions.

By incorporating mathematical concepts and techniques into research methodologies, researchers can derive meaningful insights that contribute to safe and reliable solutions. In the subsequent section about 'writing a strong introduction,' we will explore how an effective opening sets the stage for further investigation without being overly prescriptive or formulaic.

Writing a Strong Introduction

Engaging the reader and providing context is crucial in writing a strong introduction for an essay. By presenting relevant background information or posing thought-provoking questions, the writer can capture the reader's attention and create a sense of relevance to the topic. Additionally, formulating a clear thesis statement in the introductory paragraph helps establish the main argument of the essay and provides a roadmap for what will be discussed. Lastly, outlining the structure and scope of the essay allows readers to understand how different sections will be organized and what specific aspects will be explored, ensuring clarity and coherence throughout the paper.

Engaging the reader and providing context

In order to fully immerse the reader into the world of mathematics, it is crucial to provide a rich contextual backdrop that allows for a clearer understanding and appreciation of the subject matter. Mathematics can often seem abstract and disconnected from everyday life, leading some individuals to view it as intimidating or irrelevant. By engaging the reader through relatable examples and real-world applications, we can create a safe and approachable environment for learning. Exploring how mathematical concepts are applied in various fields such as engineering, finance, or computer science not only helps students see the practicality of mathematics but also fosters an interest in further exploration. Moreover, providing historical context can highlight the development and significance of different branches within mathematics. This sets the stage for formulating a clear thesis statement that builds upon this foundation of knowledge.

Formulating a clear thesis statement

To effectively convey the main focus of a mathematical exploration, it is crucial to craft a concise and clear thesis statement that serves as a guiding framework for the subsequent analysis. A well-formulated thesis statement not only states the main argument or hypothesis but also provides a roadmap for the reader to follow throughout the essay. In an academic style of writing, it is important to maintain objectivity and impersonality, eliminating personal pronouns to create a sense of professionalism and neutrality. By presenting the thesis statement in an objective manner, the writer can engage with an audience that desires safety and assurance in their understanding of complex mathematical concepts. With a solid thesis statement in place, the subsequent section will outline the structure and scope of the essay seamlessly, ensuring clarity and coherence in presenting mathematical ideas.

Outlining the structure and scope of the essay

In the previous subtopic, we discussed the importance of formulating a clear thesis statement for an IB Math Extended Essay. Now, let's move on to outlining the structure and scope of the essay. This step is crucial as it helps provide a roadmap for the reader to navigate through your work. By clearly outlining the structure and scope, you ensure that all relevant aspects are covered while maintaining coherence and logical flow.

To achieve this, consider incorporating an unordered 3 item bullet list in markdown format:

• Begin with an introduction that introduces the topic and provides context.
• Divide your essay into sections or chapters based on different aspects or arguments.
• Conclude with a summary of key findings and a reflection on their significance.

By following these guidelines, you can create a well-structured essay that effectively communicates your ideas. Transitioning into the next section about developing a coherent argument, it is essential to build upon this foundation by presenting compelling evidence and reasoning to support your thesis statement.

Developing a Coherent Argument

Developing a coherent argument requires the use of logical reasoning and well-structured evidence. When constructing an argument, it is essential to present facts and information in a clear and organized manner. This involves avoiding personal biases and emotions, as well as eliminating personal pronouns to maintain objectivity.

To ensure a strong argument, it is crucial to rely on credible sources and data that support the claims being made. Using evidence from reputable academic journals or textbooks helps establish credibility and adds weight to the argument being presented. Additionally, incorporating logical reasoning allows for connections to be made between different pieces of evidence, further strengthening the overall coherence of the argument.

When writing for an audience that desires safety, it is important to use language that is appropriate and sensitive. Avoiding inflammatory or offensive language ensures that readers feel respected and engaged with the content. By presenting arguments in a respectful manner, readers are more likely to consider different perspectives without feeling attacked or threatened.

Developing a coherent argument requires logical reasoning backed by well-structured evidence. By employing these strategies, writers can effectively communicate their ideas while maintaining objectivity. In the subsequent section about using clear and concise language, we will explore how this aspect contributes to the overall coherence of an essay's argumentation process.

Using Clear and Concise Language

Using precise and concise language enhances the clarity and impact of an argument, captivating readers and facilitating their understanding. When writing academically, it is important to eliminate personal pronouns and adopt an objective and impersonal tone. This approach allows the focus to remain on the content rather than the writer's subjective perspective. By using clear and concise language, writers can effectively convey complex ideas without overwhelming or confusing their audience.

In an academic setting, it is crucial to cater to an audience that values safety in their reading material. Using language appropriate for this type of audience ensures that readers feel secure in engaging with the content. It also helps build trust between the writer and the reader, as clear communication fosters a sense of reliability.

Transitioning into the subsequent section about formatting and citations, it is essential to maintain precision throughout all aspects of academic writing. Formatting guidelines ensure consistency in presenting information while citations acknowledge sources used in support of arguments. These elements contribute to establishing credibility within academia by demonstrating a thorough understanding of scholarly norms.

By adhering to these rules of using clear and concise language, as well as following proper formatting guidelines and including accurate citations, writers can effectively communicate their ideas while maintaining professionalism within academic discourse.

Formatting and Citations

This paragraph will discuss the importance of following the IB guidelines for formatting and citation style, using proper citations and references, and creating a bibliography or works cited page. Following the IB guidelines is crucial to ensure consistency and professionalism in academic writing. Proper citations and references are essential to give credit to the original authors and avoid plagiarism. Creating a bibliography or works cited page helps readers locate and verify the sources used in research.

Following the IB guidelines for formatting and citation style

To adhere to the IB guidelines for formatting and citation style, it is essential to employ an academic writing style that maintains objectivity and avoids personal pronouns, thus conveying a sense of professionalism and scholarly rigor to the intended readership. One effective way to enhance the readability of academic writing is through the use of tables. Tables provide a clear and organized format for presenting data or information in a concise manner. They allow readers to quickly grasp key points and make comparisons between different elements. In this context, a 2 column by 4 row table can be utilized, providing a visually appealing layout that facilitates understanding. By incorporating tables into academic writing, authors can effectively communicate complex ideas while maintaining clarity and coherence.

Moving forward, it is important to also consider the importance of using proper citations and references in order to acknowledge the sources of information used in academic writing without plagiarizing.

Using proper citations and references

A crucial aspect of scholarly writing involves the integration of accurate citations and references, which serve to acknowledge the sources of information employed in academic discourse while maintaining integrity and avoiding plagiarism. By providing proper citations, researchers ensure that their work is transparent and reliable, allowing readers to verify claims and build upon established knowledge. Additionally, citations demonstrate respect for intellectual property rights and ethical research practices. In an academic setting where safety is a priority, precise referencing becomes even more important as it enables readers to access relevant sources and evaluate the reliability of information provided. Moving forward into the next section about creating a bibliography or works cited page, attention to citation details will continue to play a pivotal role in upholding academic standards and fostering a culture of accountability in research endeavors.

Creating a bibliography or works cited page

The creation of a bibliography or works cited page is an essential step in scholarly writing, as it provides a comprehensive list of all the sources referenced in an academic work, enabling readers to access and evaluate the reliability of the information presented. By including a bibliography, authors demonstrate transparency and accountability by acknowledging the contributions of other scholars and researchers. This not only strengthens their own arguments but also allows readers to verify the credibility of the sources used. A well-constructed bibliography typically includes information such as author names, publication dates, titles, and any relevant page numbers. It is important to adhere to specific citation styles, such as APA or MLA, to ensure consistency and accuracy throughout the document. With a complete bibliography in place, authors can confidently move on to seeking feedback and revisions for their work.

Seeking Feedback and Revisions

Revising and seeking feedback on the IB Math EE is an essential step in ensuring a well-rounded and academically rigorous research project. The process of seeking feedback allows for constructive criticism, which can help identify areas for improvement and strengthen the overall quality of the Extended Essay. Here are three key reasons why seeking feedback and revisions are crucial:

• Enhancing clarity: Feedback from teachers, peers, or subject experts can provide valuable insights into areas that may be unclear or confusing. This allows the researcher to refine their arguments and ensure that their ideas are effectively communicated.
• Identifying errors: Through feedback, researchers can identify any mistakes or inaccuracies in their work. This could include mathematical errors, incorrect data analysis techniques, or flawed reasoning. Addressing these issues helps maintain the integrity and accuracy of the research.
• Strengthening analysis: Seeking feedback enables researchers to evaluate whether their analysis is comprehensive and thorough enough to support their claims. It encourages critical thinking by challenging assumptions and highlighting potential gaps in reasoning.

By actively seeking feedback and making necessary revisions based on this input, researchers can produce a more polished and robust IB Math EE. Transitioning into the subsequent section on time management and organization, careful planning is also crucial for successfully completing this project within given timelines.

Time Management and Organization

Efficient time management and effective organization are crucial in successfully completing the IB Math EE within designated timelines. The process of researching, analyzing data, and writing a comprehensive extended essay requires careful planning and allocation of time. By creating a detailed schedule that outlines specific tasks and deadlines, students can ensure that they stay on track throughout the research and writing process.

To effectively manage their time, students should prioritize their tasks based on urgency and importance. Breaking down the project into smaller, manageable chunks allows for a more systematic approach to research and writing. Setting realistic goals for each stage of the EE helps to prevent procrastination and ensures progress is made consistently.

Furthermore, maintaining an organized workspace is paramount to staying focused and minimizing distractions. Keeping research materials, notes, and drafts neatly organized not only saves time but also aids in efficiently retrieving information when needed.

By adhering to these principles of time management and organization, students can confidently navigate through the various stages of their IB Math EE while meeting deadlines. In the upcoming section about dealing with challenges and roadblocks, we will explore strategies for overcoming obstacles that may arise during this demanding process.

Dealing with Challenges and Roadblocks

This paragraph introduces a discussion on dealing with challenges and roadblocks in the context of writing an IB Math EE. It highlights three key points: overcoming writer's block and lack of motivation, managing stress and pressure, and seeking help and support when needed. These issues are important to address in order to maintain productivity and achieve success in the research process.

Overcoming writer's block and lack of motivation

Overcoming writer's block and lack of motivation can be a significant challenge when working on an IB Math Extended Essay. To help navigate these obstacles, it is important to implement strategies that promote productivity and maintain focus. Here are five effective approaches:

• Break the task into smaller, manageable parts.
• Establish a routine that includes dedicated work sessions.
• Seek support from teachers, peers, or online communities.
• Engage in activities that promote relaxation and reduce stress.
• Set realistic goals and celebrate achievements along the way.

Implementing these strategies can create a sense of structure and purpose, which can help overcome writer's block and lack of motivation. By incorporating these practices into your writing process, you can increase productivity while maintaining a healthy balance. Transitioning into managing stress and pressure requires acknowledging the importance of self-care and adopting coping mechanisms to ensure overall well-being.

Managing stress and pressure

Having discussed strategies to overcome writer's block and lack of motivation, it is crucial to address the issue of managing stress and pressure in order to maintain a healthy state of mind during the IB Math Extended Essay (EE) process. The demanding nature of this task can often lead students to feel overwhelmed and stressed, affecting their ability to perform well. It is important for students to develop effective stress management techniques such as time management, relaxation exercises, and seeking support from friends and family. Additionally, engaging in physical activities or hobbies can provide a much-needed break from academic pressures. By learning how to manage stress effectively, students can maintain focus and productivity throughout their EE journey. However, there may be instances when additional help and support are required. Thus, it becomes imperative to understand the significance of seeking assistance when needed while navigating through this challenging task without compromising mental well-being.

Seeking help and support when needed

To ensure a successful completion of the IB Math Extended Essay, it is important for students to recognize the value of seeking assistance and support when facing challenges or difficulties. When students seek help, they are not admitting weakness but rather acknowledging that everyone encounters obstacles at some point. Seeking assistance from teachers, peers, or online resources can provide valuable insights and guidance to overcome any hurdles encountered during the research process. Additionally, reaching out for support can alleviate stress and pressure, promoting a healthier mindset and overall well-being. By actively seeking help when needed, students demonstrate maturity and a commitment to their academic growth. This willingness to seek assistance sets them up for success in showcasing their personal engagement with their chosen topic in the subsequent section.

Showcasing Your Personal Engagement

Demonstrating personal engagement is crucial in an IB Math Extended Essay as it showcases the depth of the student's involvement and passion for the chosen topic. By showcasing personal engagement, students highlight their commitment to exploring complex mathematical concepts and applying them to real-world scenarios. This level of involvement not only allows students to develop a deeper understanding of their chosen topic but also demonstrates their ability to think critically and independently.

To showcase personal engagement effectively, students should clearly articulate their motivation for selecting the particular research question or topic. They should provide a comprehensive overview of their thought process, including any challenges they encountered along the way and how they overcame them. Moreover, students should demonstrate a genuine interest in investigating alternative viewpoints or methodologies related to their research question.

In addition, students can exhibit personal engagement by actively seeking out feedback from teachers, peers, and other experts in the field. This shows a willingness to learn from others' perspectives and incorporate constructive criticism into their work.

By demonstrating personal engagement throughout the essay, students not only establish themselves as credible researchers but also contribute valuable insights to the field of mathematics. Celebrating this accomplishment requires reflecting on one's growth throughout the research process while acknowledging that there is always room for further exploration and improvement.

Celebrating Your Accomplishment

Recognizing the hard work and dedication involved in completing an IB Math EE is essential. The process of researching, analyzing data, and writing the essay requires a significant amount of time and effort. Embracing the learning experience gained from undertaking such a substantial project can lead to personal growth and development as a student.

Sharing your knowledge and insights with others in the IB community is not only an act of celebration but also a way to contribute to the collective learning experience. By disseminating your findings, you can inspire others to explore similar topics or provide valuable guidance for those who may be embarking on their own EE journey. Ultimately, celebrating your accomplishment goes beyond personal satisfaction; it becomes an opportunity to engage with others in meaningful discussions and foster intellectual curiosity within the IB community.

Recognizing the hard work and dedication involved

The arduous journey of an IB Math Extended Essay involves hours spent poring over complex mathematical concepts and tirelessly analyzing data sets. To recognize the hard work and dedication involved in completing this task, it is important to acknowledge the following:

• Intellectual rigor: The IB Math Extended Essay requires students to engage in critical thinking, problem-solving, and independent research. It demands a high level of intellectual rigor and analytical skills.
• Time commitment: Students invest a significant amount of time in conducting experiments, collecting data, and writing their essay. This commitment demonstrates their perseverance and determination to excel academically.
• Attention to detail: Success in the IB Math Extended Essay requires meticulous attention to detail. Students must ensure accuracy in calculations, interpretation of results, and adherence to formatting guidelines.

By recognizing the challenging nature of the IB Math Extended Essay process, we can better appreciate the accomplishments achieved by students. Embracing this learning experience allows for further growth and development in mathematical understanding.

Embracing the learning experience

Embracing the learning experience of completing an IB Math Extended Essay involves immersing oneself in intricate mathematical concepts and adopting a mindset of curiosity and continual growth. It requires a willingness to explore complex problems, analyze data, and formulate logical arguments. Throughout the process, students are encouraged to develop a deep understanding of mathematical principles and apply them in real-world contexts. This kind of engagement fosters intellectual rigor and critical thinking skills, preparing students for future academic pursuits. Additionally, embracing the learning experience allows individuals to appreciate the beauty and elegance of mathematics as they uncover connections between different areas of study. By actively seeking out new knowledge and challenging themselves, students can gain confidence in their abilities while nurturing a passion for mathematics. Ultimately, this mindset sets the stage for sharing one's knowledge and insights with others in the IB community, fostering collaboration and mutual growth within this supportive network.

Sharing your knowledge and insights with others in the IB community

Sharing knowledge and insights with others in the IB community can foster a collaborative learning environment that encourages mutual growth and intellectual development. By sharing our expertise, we contribute to the collective understanding of complex concepts and enhance the quality of education within the IB program. One way to facilitate this exchange is through online forums and discussion platforms, where students can seek guidance from their peers or mentors. Engaging in respectful and inclusive conversations allows for diverse perspectives to be heard, fostering an atmosphere of safety and inclusivity. Additionally, active participation in group study sessions or study groups promotes effective communication skills, critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities. Through this process of sharing knowledge, individuals not only reinforce their own understanding but also contribute to the academic success of others within the IB community.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can you provide a step-by-step guide on how to choose a research question for my ib math extended essay.

Choosing a research question for the IB Math Extended Essay involves considering personal interests, access to data, and relevance to mathematics. It is important to formulate a clear and focused question that can be answered using mathematical methods and analysis techniques.

What are some common mistakes to avoid when conducting research for an IB Math Extended Essay?

Common mistakes to avoid when conducting research for an IB Math extended essay include: insufficient planning, lack of clarity in the research question, inadequate data collection methods, ignoring relevant sources, and neglecting to analyze and interpret the results accurately.

Is it necessary to use advanced mathematical concepts and techniques in my IB Math Extended Essay, or can I stick to basic concepts?

Advanced mathematical concepts and techniques are not necessary for an IB Math extended essay. While basic concepts can be sufficient, it is important to demonstrate a thorough understanding and application of those concepts in a rigorous and logical manner.

How can I effectively incorporate real-life examples and applications of mathematics in my IB Math Extended Essay?

To effectively incorporate real-life examples and applications of mathematics in the IB Math Extended Essay, one should choose relevant and relatable topics, gather accurate data, analyze it using appropriate mathematical techniques, and draw conclusions that reflect a practical understanding of the subject matter.

Are there any specific formatting guidelines or citation styles that I should follow when writing my IB Math Extended Essay?

Yes, there are specific formatting guidelines and citation styles that should be followed when writing an IB Math Extended Essay. These guidelines ensure clarity, consistency, and academic integrity in the essay.

The IB Math Extended Essay is a challenging but rewarding task that requires effective research, application of mathematical concepts and techniques, strong introduction, coherent argument development, time management and organization skills. It is important to be prepared for challenges and roadblocks along the way while showcasing personal engagement in the essay. By following these guidelines, students can successfully complete their IB Math EE and celebrate their accomplishment.

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Extended Essay Essentials

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What's in this guide?

What's in this guide.

In this guide, you will find essential documents for writing the EE in 

Essential documents include Subject Specific Guidelines and Sample Essays.

Introduction to the EE in Mathematics

From Mathematics: An Introduction:

An extended essay (EE) in mathematics is intended for students who are writing on any topic that has a mathematical focus and it need not be confined to the theory of mathematics itself.

Essays in this group are divided into six categories:

• the applicability of mathematics to solve both real and abstract problems
• the beauty of mathematics in the proving of theorems - e.g., number theory
• the history of mathematics; the origin and subsequent development of a branch of mathematics over a period of time, measured in tens, hundreds, or thousands of years
• in forging links between different branches of mathematics,
• or in bringing about a new branch of mathematics, or causing a particular branch to flourish.

For a longer general overview of an arts-related EE, see Mathematics: An Introduction . This document contains information on:

• Topic Selection
• Examples of Topics
• Treatment of the Topic
• Research Methods
• A Framework for the EE in the Mathematics.

Mathematics EE

• Mathematics Subject Specific Guidelines  - A short guide on how to write the Mathematics EE
• Score Reports  - See what students did (and did not do) well in these short reports from the chief examiner.
• Sample Papers  - Read sample EE papers provided by IB and see how they scored
• Mathematics Subject Specific Guidelines
• 2021 Mathematics Score Report
• 2018 Mathematics Score Report
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IB Math Extended Essay Topics: 20+ Ideas for Inspiration

by  Antony W

September 3, 2022

Do you feel stuck on searching for and choosing the best IB Math Extended Essay topics? Or maybe you already have a topic for consideration but it isn’t viable enough to fit the scope of the assignment?

You’ve come to the right place.

In this guide, we’ll give you 15+ IB Math ideas that you can use as inspiration to come up with your own topic or modify and investigate further in your extended essay.

What’s the Purpose of IB Math Extended Essay?

An extended essay in mathematics gives you the chance to demonstrate an understanding of any part of the subject.

You can give an expression on the beauty of mathematics in geometry or fractal theory, the elegance of mathematics in the proving of theorems, and the origin and subsequent development of a branch of mathematics over a period.

The extended essay also allows you to demonstrate the link between the different branches of mathematics and the powerful structures that enable many different problems to be solved by a single theory and the way in which mathematics is applied to real-world situations.

Your essay requires a well-defined and focused research question. An abstract is no longer necessary in an extended essay , but you’re welcome to include it if you believe it will summarizes your strategy to solving the research question and your findings

Math Extended Essay Writing Assistance

While Math opens up an opportunity to explore complex issues beyond the IB Diploma course , the subject can be extremely challenging for some IB students.

If you’re one of the students who chose Math for the Extended Essay project but you find the subject challenging, you can get help online from experts in the subject.

Help for Assessment offers the most  comprehensive Extended Essay help   in Mathematics, even on a topic that you would consider too complex to handle. With our help, you’ll find complex concepts easy to understand, not to mention you’ll get your Math assignment completed on time.

We understand that Math tasks can be costly and involving. However, we’ve made our writing service as affordable as possible, so you can get professional writing help.

We can write you first draft before the first reflection session with your supervisor and equally help you fine-tune the last draft for the final submission.

IB Math Extended Essay Topics

The following are examples of IB Math Extended Essay topics that you might find worth investigating further: 

• What is the return percentage of a certain three-reel slot machine?
• What are the alternatives to Euclidean geometry and what are their practical applications?
• Comparison of population growth models for Country X for the past n years, with projections for the future.
• The exploration of geometric series in musical instruments, such as the fret position on a guitar
• How many convex polygons can you construct from seven tangram pieces?
• An examination of the alteration of a message's truthful substance during transmission between persons
• Is there a connection between the golden ratio and human’s perception on natural beauty, with a focus on the human face and form?
• Is there a relationship between SAT scores and school test results/GPA?
• Leibniz and Newton independently developed calculus at around the same time. Compare their techniques and analyze which notation is currently more prevalent.
• What is the Binomial Theorem, and how has it contributed to human history?
• Complex number problem-solving techniques: What types of real-world issues do complex numbers assist solve?
• Applying Newton's Forward Difference Formula to predict the number of triangles created by subdividing the sides of an equilateral triangle n times.
• RSA Public Key Cryptography's use of modular arithmetic and huge prime integers to achieve anonymity
• Investigating the link between Pascal's Triangle and the Fibonacci sequence
• How can mathematical modeling that employs differential equations determine population growth patterns for a predator and its prey?
• How can the population of cells be determined throughout time? Which mathematical model approximates an actual experiment more precisely?
• A study of Riemann Sums (conventional integration to get areas) and Numerical Integration
• Vedic Mathematics: an investigation of its effectiveness and exploration of its applications
• How are Laplace transforms utilized in the solution of second-order differential equations?
• A statistical examination of the impact of background music on pupils' short-term memory ability
• Analytical and geometric formulations of parabolic and cubic Bezier curves as used in computer graphics software
• A quantitative analysis of the efficacy of two herbs for treating impetigo skin condition
• A study of the nature of beats and the relative consonance of pure-tone dyads
• The link between logical-mathematical intelligence and academic achievement at the undergraduate level
• A study of the link between a bond's coupon rate, yield to maturity, and its clean price
• Using the addition of sine curves to analyze the harmony of Chinese and Western musical scales
• The correlation between students' attitudes toward mathematics and their mathematical performance
• How near is the approximation of the Taylor Series to the original function
• What criteria determine whether the movement of employees on a building site achieves "equilibrium"?
• The efficacy of an English Tuition Program in enhancing the English skills of participants
• A statistical examination of the causes of fatal traffic accidents throughout the holiday season
• Does studying a third language have any influence on the short-term memory retention of lower secondary students?

Keep in mind that this list is not exhaustive by any means. So if none of these topic ideas appeals to you, doing additional research can make a difference.

Related Reading

• The Complete Guide for IB Math Extended Essay
• Get a List of Psychology Extended Essay Topics Here
• Learn More About Physics Extended Essay Assignment

Some Tips to Help You Choose a Relevant Math EE Topic

You can write an extended essay in math on any subject with a mathematical focus. Because IB doesn’t limit the assignment to mathematical theories, you may select mathematical themes from engineering, sciences, and the social sciences.

Statistical analyses of experimental results from other disciplines are also appropriate, as long as they focus on the modeling method and address the limits of the results.

A topic chosen from the history of mathematics may also be acceptable, provided you bring out a clear progression of mathematical growth.

Focusing on the lives of mathematicians or their personal rivalry would be irrelevant and would not score highly on the grading criteria.

Notably, the evaluation criteria provide points for the nature of the inquiry and the extent to which reasoned arguments are suitable for a research issue.

You need to avoid selecting a topic that generates a trivial research question or is insufficiently concentrated to permit suitable presentation in an essay of the right length.

Typically, you will have to challenge yourself to either extend their knowledge beyond the Diploma Program course or apply techniques learned in their mathematics course to the modeling of an adequately chosen topic.

Final Thoughts

One of the most important thing to keep in mind once you find a suitable Math EE topic is that you will be working on an essay, not a research article for a journal of advanced mathematics.

Also, no finding, no matter how remarkable, should appear in your work without proof of your actual understanding of it. 

About the author 

Antony W is a professional writer and coach at Help for Assessment. He spends countless hours every day researching and writing great content filled with expert advice on how to write engaging essays, research papers, and assignments.

How to Choose an EE Topic (Mathematics)

The Extended Essay is undoubtedly one of the most feared components of the IB program. A 4,000 word research paper can, in fact, seem daunting to those who have only written 500-1000 word essays. Therefore, students should choose a topic that they can not only find sources for, but are also passionate about it.

Mathematics Extended Essays are rare — of the 87,519 Extended Essays submitted in the 2020 May Examination Session only 2,454 were done over Mathematics (2.8%) ( IB Statistical Bulletin 2020 ). Despite the rarity, I chose to write a Mathematics EE because maths is something that fascinates me. To many students, Mathematics EEs sound scary and barely consider writing one. There were many people that told me I was insane and that it was impossible. In the end, I put in the work to make it happen. 

I chose to write my paper on Game Theory and my research question was: “To what extent does Game Theory play a role in Modern Warfare?” 

I found this topic not unlike the way students writing History EEs find their own specific topics. Just as history has countless events in which one can write about, Mathematics is similar with its various branches. I chose a branch that interested me (Game Theory) and used it to solve a real-world problem (Modern Warfare). My economics teacher actually suggested this idea.  They said that, while Game Theory is primarily used in economics, it has numerous applications to maths when discussed alongside warfare. This qualified my essay as a Category 1 Mathematics Extended Essay, which is a paper that discusses “the applicability of mathematics to solve both real and abstract problems” (p. 96, IB Extended Essay Guide ). 

Writing the essay is where, I admit, it got challenging. During the process I had no peers to help me as only a few others had chosen a Mathematics EE, but none of their topics related to mine. Fortunately, my mentor was extremely helpful and I was able to find several books at my local university that were very useful.

Mathematics Extended Essays are bizarre in many ways as things such as word count, varied sentence structure, and high vocabulary do not matter. However, it should be noted that effective communication is key even if that’s done through mathematical expressions. Despite these challenges, I strongly believe that Mathematics EEs are doable, and more people would do them if there was not such a negative stigma about them. I encourage all future IB sessions to consider doing one as the feeling when you have finished is unlike any other. The pride and satisfaction I felt knowing that I took the path less travelled and still found success is something that I hope all future IB students will experience.

You may also like…

• Our Extended Essay series
• Tiffany’s tips for Mathematics HL

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Extended Essay Writers

How to Write a Math Extended Essay? A Comprehensive Guide

Luke MacQuoid

Ah, the Math extended essay! It’s an excellent opportunity for students in the IB program to showcase their knack for numbers. From my experience, crafting an impactful essay requires mathematical talent and a solid understanding of what makes a paper genuinely resonate.

Throughout this article, you’ll find gems on selecting Math extended essay topics , how to structure your essay, and even some common pitfalls to avoid. So, let’s jump right in, shall we?

What is a Math Extended Essay?

You may be pondering, “What is a Math extended essay?” According to the IB criteria, this piece is a 4,000-word research document that prompts students to research a mathematical topic of interest thoroughly. It’s not just an ordinary research paper; think of it as your gateway to mastering a subject you’re genuinely passionate about. Trust me, from my experience, it’s a pivotal component of your academic growth.

Let’s clarify further. Math extended essay isn’t just a routine school assignment you might complete on a typical day. Instead, it’s a comprehensive exploration of a distinct topic within Mathematics. But remember, it’s not all about numbers or equations. It’s about showcasing your ability to reason, analyze, and communicate your findings in writing.

Here are all the critical elements of a top-notch Math extended essay :

• Clear Thesis . A strong paper begins with a defined proposition or statement set for investigation.
• Thorough Research . Look into reputable sources, journals, and academic papers. Absorb as much relevant information as possible.
• Logical Flow . Your essay should transition smoothly from one topic to the next, ensuring readers can follow your train of thought easily.
• In-depth Analysis . Beyond stating facts, analyze them critically and draw your conclusions.
• Personal Touch . Reflect on your genuine interest and connection with the topic.
• Effective Expression . Aim for clarity in your writing, ensuring readers can quickly grasp your points.
• Ethical Standards . Properly cite all your sources and avoid any form of plagiarism.
• Reflection . Share insights on your learning process, the challenges faced, and the strategies you employed to address them.

So, you might wonder, “Why take on such a demanding task?” Here’s the thing: based on what I’ve learned and observed, the Math extended essay plays a significant role in the IB program. It’s essential for obtaining your IB diploma and can significantly enhance your college application. More importantly, it’s an opportunity to challenge yourself academically, fostering intellectual growth.

Committing to this task and seeing it through will be a significant academic accomplishment. Best of luck!

Getting Started with Your Math Extended Essay

The inception of any great essay starts with topic selection and understanding the guidelines, naturally.

Topic Selection

Choosing the right topic is the first milestone. Think about the Mathematical areas that captivate your interest. Whether it’s the logic of algebra, the complexity of calculus, or any other field, there’s a vast Mathematical universe to explore. While broad subjects might seem tempting, concentrating on specific IB Math extended essay topics is often more effective. Your issue should be clear-cut and straightforward and uphold strong academic integrity in line with IB standards.

Understanding Guidelines

After settling on a topic, it’s essential to acquaint yourself with the IB’s precise expectations . From my experience, grasping these guidelines is foundational to the essay’s success:

• The IB has detailed guidelines regarding the structure and layout of extended essays. Ensure you’re well-versed in font choice, spacing, and the like.
• While the IB often leans towards MLA or APA citation styles, be sure to check the style preferred by your institution. Accurate citations aren’t just about avoiding plagiarism; they lend authenticity to your work.
• IB evaluates your extended essay based on distinct criteria, such as clarity, depth of knowledge, presentation, and personal connection to the topic. Familiarizing yourself with these parameters can guide your research and writing trajectory.
• The extended essay process in the IB program includes consultations with a designated supervisor. These sessions are golden opportunities to glean insights and refine your approach.

In essence, the proper groundwork ensures a smoother path ahead. With a compelling topic and a robust grasp of the IB guidelines, you’re primed to craft a stellar Math extended essay. Embrace the process and aim for excellence!

Math Extended Essay: Research and Planning

Research is the backbone of your essay! Adequate preparation is necessary for a subject as complex and layered as Math.

Behind every successful essay is a bedrock of meticulous research and detailed planning. Given the intricate nature of Mathematics, gathering your tools and strategies is paramount before plunging into the writing phase. First, seek out robust platforms that offer a plethora of verified information :

• Online Databases . Websites like JSTOR , Google Scholar , and MathSciNet host a rich collection of articles, papers, and journals dedicated to Mathematics.
• Academic Journals . Publications such as the “American Journal of Mathematics” or the “European Journal of Mathematics” provide peer-reviewed papers on many topics.
• University Libraries . Many universities offer access to their digital libraries, which can be goldmines for in-depth research.
• Professors and Mentors . Never underestimate the power of a conversation. Sometimes, discussing your topic with experts can lead to new insights and perspectives.

Remember, the depth and breadth of your research directly influence the strength of your arguments. Always verify the authenticity of your sources; a well-researched essay stands tall among its peers.

Timeline for Writing Math Extended Essay

Managing time is a lifesaver in the whirlwind of IB coursework, deadlines, and extracurriculars. Crafting a detailed timeline ensures you stay on track and prevents last-minute scrambles.

• Exploration . Dedicate the initial phase to exploring potential topics, understanding guidelines, and preliminary reading.
• Intensive Research . This phase involves deep diving into your chosen topic, gathering data, and organizing your findings.
• Drafting . Begin with an initial draft. Lay down your arguments, flesh out your thoughts, and structure your content.
• Review and Refinement . Revisit your draft, make necessary revisions, and incorporate feedback from peers or mentors.
• Finalization . Proofread, ensure adherence to guidelines, and prepare for submission.

Breaking down your process into manageable chunks alleviates stress and enhances the quality of your work.

Need help with your IB extended essay?

From research and analysis to structuring and editing, our skilled mentors will be by your side, helping you craft an exceptional extended essay that not only meets the wordcount and stringent IB criteria but also reflects your passion for selected IB group .

To wrap it up, remember that while the task might seem daunting, meticulous research and detailed planning are your allies. Harness them wisely; your Math extended essay will meet and exceed expectations. Happy researching!

Structuring Your Math Extended Essay

Organization is key, folks! How you structure your essay could make or break your grade.

Introduction

Your introduction should present the issue you’re investigating, why it matters, and how you plan to tackle it. This part is the roadmap of your essay; it sets the tone for the reader.

In this section, present your research, arguments, and findings. Dabble in some theory, show your equations or models, and remember to analyze their relevance. As you go, remember to build a logical flow. Use transition words to guide your reader through your discussion.

It is where you tie all your findings together. A well-crafted conclusion leaves a lasting impression, briefly highlighting your significant discoveries and their implications.

Math Extended Essay: Common Mistakes to Avoid

When creating an essay of the caliber expected for the IB program, the devil is often in the details. Many students have sailed through the bulk of their paper writing only to stumble near the finish line due to seemingly minor oversights. Awareness of these pitfalls is essential, especially in an undertaking as significant as the Math extended essay.

A common trap that students often fall into is vagueness. One might use ambiguous phrases or general statements to sound sophisticated or cover a wide range of ideas. Instead of making broad claims, focus on your main idea and flesh it out with detail and precision. 

Another critical area that cannot be overemphasized is plagiarism. While it’s tempting to borrow a perfectly phrased sentence or a well-structured argument, doing so without proper attribution is academically dishonest and can jeopardize your entire essay. When in doubt, always give credit where credit is due.

Another often overlooked aspect is the flow and structure of the essay. Transitioning smoothly from one point to the next, ensuring that each segment of your paper leads seamlessly into the next, can make a difference in your work’s overall quality and readability.

Review and Revision in Math Extended Essay

One of the most powerful tools in this phase is peer review. While you’ve been deeply engrossed in your essay and every argument, equation, and citation, there’s immense value in having another set of eyes scan your work. It doesn’t necessarily mean someone who’s an expert in your topic but can provide a fresh perspective. They can identify areas that might be unclear to a new reader.

Following peer review, there’s the intricate task of editing and proofreading. While these terms are often used interchangeably, they serve distinct purposes. Editing is all about refining the content. Proofreading, on the other hand, is about the nitty-gritty. It ensures that your grammar is spot-on and that there are no misplaced punctuations.

In all of this, reflection is a vital element often overlooked. Taking a step back, setting your essay aside for a day or two, and returning to it with renewed vigor is immensely beneficial. With a fresh mindset, you might find new angles to consider or realize there are redundant points that can be removed.

To Sum It Up

Writing a Math extended essay can be challenging but also incredibly rewarding. So, according to general IB criteria and years of personal experience, the time and effort you invest in this project will be well worth it. Good luck, young scholars!

Luke MacQuoid has extensive experience teaching English as a foreign language in Japan, having worked with students of all ages for over 12 years. Currently, he is teaching at the tertiary level. Luke holds a BA from the University of Sussex and an MA in TESOL from Lancaster University, both located in England. As well to his work as an IB Examiner and Master Tutor, Luke also enjoys sharing his experiences and insights with others through writing articles for various websites, including extendedessaywriters.com blog

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IB Extended Essay (EE)

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Useful resources

The International Baccalaureate® (IB) provides several resources for IB World Schools. These include support materials for the extended essay. 

Items in the IB store  are available to everyone. Publications include:

• 50 more extended essays , a DVD of essays submitted in the DP that all fulfil the requirements for an ‘A’ grade in the current syllabus
• The Extended Essay Guide , a free material in the Programme Resource Centre (PRC), which requires a log-in given to IB World Schools
• 10 monografias excelentes,  a digital document looking at model extended essays in Spanish.

Through the  programme resource centre,  educators in IB World Schools can access digital versions of many IB publications related to the extended essay.

These materials in the programme resource centre , which are only available to IB World Schools, are free.

If you already work at an IB World School, you should have access to the PRC. Please request log-in details from the programme coordinator at your school.

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Introduction to Part B Extended Essays

At Part B projects take the form of a 7500-word extended essay and students can opt to undertake a project on either a mathematical topic or a topic related to mathematics. The former counts as a 'mathematical option' and the latter an 'other option'.

The most comprehensive source of information about these projects is the  Extended Essay Guidenotes 2023-24

However, some key information and links to other useful sources of information are given below.

Timetable for Projects

Choosing a topic, finding a supervisor and submitting your application.

Section 4 of the  Extended Essay Guidenotes 2023-24   provides advice on choosing a topic and finding a supervisor. 

You cannot have a DPhil student supervise your essay. 

Once you have found a supervisor and agreed on your project proposal you need to complete and submit an application form ( form , tex ).  Forms should be emailed to the Undergraduate Studies Administrator at @email  by 12noon on Friday of week 0, Michaelmas term.

Presentations

Students offering a project are required to give a presentation to their supervisor and at least one other person. The presentation is not part of the final assessment of the project but provides an opportunity to develop presentation skills. It is recommended that the presentation takes place towards the end of Hilary term.

The template presentation below can be downloaded and used to help prepare a presentation in latex.  Further information can be found at the IT help page on Producing Slides and Presentations with Latex .

Presentation Template (tex)

Example Presentation (PDF)

Example Presentation (tex)

Key Sources of Information

• Extended Essay Guidenotes 2023-24
• Project Archive
• Information for Supervisors of Undergraduate Projects

Application form: 

appform.pdf

appform.tex

Extended Essay (IB): Choosing a subject and topic

• The Inquiry Process
• EE Seminar 1
• EE Seminar 2
• IT Workshop 1
• EE Investigation Days
• EE Writing Days
• Choosing a subject and topic
• Developing a line of inquiry
• Finding and selecting sources
• Working with ideas
• Expressing your ideas
• Using ManageBac
• Supervisor resources
• Who can help?

For your EE you have the freedom to focus on almost any topic and you will write your own question to answer.  However, your topic must fit into a single DP subject (unless you choose to write an interdisciplinary essay, such as a World Studies EE that covers a topic “of contemporary global significance” and is likely to encompass two subject areas).

Given the academic challenge and level expected of an EE, you are strongly advised to choose a subject that you are currently studying, preferably at Higher Level.

Introduction to the Extended Essay

What is the Extended Essay?

• Compulsory element of the core, along with TOK and CAS
• Inquiry-based research project resulting in an essay of up to 4,000 words
• Topic of your choice, but must be based in a DP subject * and meet subject-specific requirements
• You are strongly encouraged to do your essay in one of your HL subjects

*It is possible, under certain circumstances, to combine two subjects and do a World Studies essay but we do not currently recommend this.

What do I need to do?

This guide is just to get your thinking started.

You are going to be spending nine months on your Extended Essay - it is very important to choose a topic that actually interests you, or it is going to be a very long nine months...

Good preparation is much more effective for finding inspiration than last minute panic!

CALVIN AND HOBBES © Watterson. Reprinted with permission of ANDREWS MCMEEL SYNDICATION.  All rights reserved.

How do I choose a subject?

• Think about your interests outside the classroom then check whether they might fit into any IB subject areas.
• Think about your IB subjects, particularly your HL subjects. Which would (and wouldn't) you enjoy exploring in more depth?
• Make a list of the topics (for one or more different subject areas) that you have enjoyed in that subject area and a list of topics you haven’t covered but wish you had. You might want to chat to your teachers or have a look in your textbooks.
• Think about any career aspirations you might have, or any ideas for further study, and they could point you in a direction.

Now have a look at the Subject Group Overviews , below, to see what an EE in that group might involve. It is worth comparing a couple of different subject groups.

Subject Group Overviews

• Group 1: Studies in language and literature
• Group 2: Language acquisition (incl. Classical Languages)
• Group 3: Individuals and societies
• Group 4: Experimental sciences
• Group 5: Mathematics
• Group 6: The Arts
• Interdisciplinary essays

• Category 1 Studies of one or more literary works originally written in the language in which the essay is presented.
• Category 2 Studies of a literary work or works originally written in the language of the essay compared with one or more literary works originally written in another language. (The work originally written in another language may be studied in translation.)
• Category 3 Studies in language based on one or more texts originally produced in the language in which the essay is presented.

Students and teachers must indicate at the point of upload which category of essay they are submitting."

From: IBO (2020) Extended Essay: Studies in language and literature

Students working on a language acquisition EE must demonstrate an in-depth understanding of the language, culture and society or literature studied. This understanding must be shown in the form of:

• an analysis of a cultural context or a specific text OR
• an analysis of trends in the culture studied and the impact of a cultural change on the form or use of the language OR
• an analysis and comparison of literary texts.

For those undertaking a classical Greek or Latin EE, the focus is on demonstrating an understanding of a relevant or significant aspect of the language, literature and civilization of ancient Greece or Rome."

From: IBO (2020) Extended Essay: Language acquisition including classical languages

Note that you may not do your EE in a language you are studying at ab initio level .

The individuals and societies EE is intended to encourage the systematic and critical study of:

• human experience and behaviour
• physical, economic and social environments
• the history and development of social and cultural institutions.

Students’ choice of topic should enable them to recognize that the content and methodologies of the subjects are contestable and that their study requires critical thinking.

Students must have sufficient grounding in the subject under which they submit their essay: reading a textbook or consulting an encyclopedia while writing the EE will not compensate for a lack of proper background knowledge."

From: IBO (2020) Extended Essay: Individuals and societies

Note: The IB considers Environmental Systems and Societies EEs to be interdisciplinary, so materials for these can be found under the Interdisciplinary essays tab, above.

"An extended essay (EE) in the sciences gives students an opportunity to apply a range of skills while researching a topic of personal interest in the field. Students working on a science EE must demonstrate an in-depth analysis of the subject matter studied, be it biology, chemistry, computer science, design technology, physics or sports, exercise and health science. This understanding must be shown in the form of a research paper involving a wellformulated research question. Students should be advised that while there is overlap between the subjects, their study should reflect one specific science area. For example:

• biology—dealing with living organisms and life processes
• chemistry—dealing with the composition, characterization and transformation of substances

...The nature of the topic under investigation should be different for each subject area and students should be careful if they undertake essays that may blur the boundaries between two science subjects. For example, when studying the pH of a body of water, students may investigate the chemicals responsible for the observed pH (chemistry), or the effect of the pH on the biota (biology)."

From: IBO (2020) The Sciences: an introduction from Extended Essay: The sciences

• the applicability of mathematics to solve both real and abstract problems
• the beauty of mathematics, as in, for instance, geometry or fractal theory
• the elegance of mathematics in the proving of theorems as in, for example, number theory
• the origin and subsequent development of a branch of mathematics over a period of time, measured in tens, hundreds or thousands of years
• the links between different branches of mathematics, or the way that branch of mathematics has been born, or has flourished, as a result of technology.

Students should be advised on the importance of formulating logical and coherent reasons for selecting a particular topic for the EE, the need to identify a well-thought-out research question and the requirement to search for the mathematical problems that require a solution. Students must be advised that mathematical research is a long-term and open-ended exploration of a set of related mathematical problems that are based on personal observations. The answers to these problems connect to and build upon each other over time."

From: IBO (2020) Extended Essay: Mathematics

• a coherent analysis and interpretation of their chosen area in relation to a posed research question
• the testing and validation of the research and consideration of its effect on the practice of the investigated area of the arts
• development and exploration in a disciplined and imaginative way of an area of study specifically appropriate to the curriculum area chosen
• a link to a practical dimension.

Each subject area poses its own unique set of challenges. Therefore, the approach to the topic of investigation should reflect the particular methodology most appropriate to the arts subject being studied. Students should have logical and coherent reasons for selecting a particular topic for their essay, a well-thought out research question and an approach that allows them to develop a reasoned argument.

...While there may be overlap between the subjects in the arts and common approaches, the research topic must clearly relate to one specific arts area. If a student chooses a research area that blurs the boundaries between two arts subjects, they must ensure that their essay’s emphasis clearly lies within the arts subject for which they are submitting it. Crucially, the topic selected should reflect each student’s particular interest and enthusiasm within that subject area."

From: IBO (2020) Extended Essay: The arts

For example, in literature and performance, students focus on the nature of the relationships that occur between a chosen text and its adaptation for performance; in world studies an issue of contemporary global significance is explored through the lenses of two subjects ; and in environmental systems and societies the interaction and integration of natural environmental systems and human societies are explored

Students undertaking one of these options must demonstrate a solid understanding of their area of research, taking a fully integrated approach. This examination must be shown in the form of:

• a coherently written and structured essay that effectively addresses an area of research, taking an interdisciplinary approach
• bringing together concepts, methods and approaches from across different subjects
• the development and exploration of an area of study specifically appropriate to the interdisciplinary choice

The most critical stage in preparing for the EE is the formulation of a logical and coherent rationale for selecting a particular topic for the extended essay, a topic that offers enough scope to provide material for a substantial essay , and the development of ideas around the topic and research question that examine existing views and argue against them."

From: IBO (2020) Interdisciplinary essays: an introduction from Extended Essay: Interdisciplinary essays

We do not recommend undertaking an EE in World Studies. If you choose to do so anyway, make sure that you consider very carefully whether your topic would fit the requirements of a single subject discipline instead. It can be challenging to juggle the requirements of two different subjects while undertaking a piece of academic research like this for the first time, particularly if you do not currently study one or both of the subjects.

Note that the Treatment of the Topic section of the Subject Guide for World Studies says that:

"It is expected that students will have a good grounding in at least one of the Diploma Programme subjects used in the EE.

If they are unfamiliar with a discipline used, they must access its syllabus so that they can identify the concepts, terminology and modes of thinking required for their EE. (Many IB syllabuses contain lists of key concepts.)"

This means that whether or not you are currently studying either or both of the subject areas your World Studies EE is based in  you will need to use DP Level concepts, terminology and modes of thinking appropriate to both subject areas.

Subject Specific Guidance

Use the links below to explore the Subject-Specific Guidance for your chosen subject. Note that it is very important to use the side navigation menu to make sure you have read ALL the relevant guidance (see example for Biology, below).

You MUST read the subject-specific guidance before completing your Supervisor Application Form, and reread it before completing your Research Proposal Log. You might find it helpful to take notes using the Using the Subject-Specific Guidelines table.

Electronic versions of these can be found at the top right hand side of this page (follow links). If you wish to submit your handwritten version to ManageBac, you may upload a (legible!) photograph.

Ethical guidelines

You must address the IB ethical guidelines in your Research Proposal and follow them throughout the EE process. Some Subject Guides will contain specific ethical guidelines for that subject, but here are some general guides you might need to refer to:

Extended essays from previous years

Past essays

It can be really useful at this stage to look at essays from previous Oakham students, to see what kinds of topics they investigated and what their final essays looked like. These are upstairs in the library and can be looked at while you are here.

Please remember:

• These are all the essays from past Oakhamians and they were awarded a range of grades (which are recorded on the contents pages). They are not a set of examples of 'good' essays or even 'good' titles.
• There have been several rule changes in the past, most notably in 2018, so make sure you are aware of the current rules.

You may take photographs of individual pages (such as the contents pages). You may not photograph or photocopy whole essays.

How do I choose a topic?

Go back to your brainstormed list of topics from the first session:

• Eliminate any that you don’t really want to write about and focus on the rest.
• Use the ideas on the mind map below to examine these topics and decide which might be worth further exploration. You might choose to make a mind map like this for some of your topics.

Before deciding on a topic you should do some preliminary research to see what information is out there. Make a few brief notes as you go.

• General internet browsing: You could begin with some freestyle internet searching on a broad topic that interests you. Search for your topic online, give yourself an hour to follow links and see where they take you – keeping an EE focus, of course!
• Subscription Databases : While you will almost certainly search the databases extensively for your research once you have chosen a topic, you can also browse them to help you to chose one. See the ' Browsing our subscription databases ' box below for advice on the best ones to choose for this. Using the subscription databases to help you to choose a topic also means that you are guaranteed to be able to find high quality information on that topic.
• Talk to your teachers, friends and family

Put your notes away, forget about what you have read for a few days, then see what you remember.  This time and distance is important as it is likely that you will remember what is of most interest to you, and so the angle you should develop.

Aim to have three suggestions for topic areas you might like to explore for your EE to explore further before making a decision .

Browsing our subscription databases

You are likely to have used our databases in the past to search for information on specific topics, but many of them are also excellent when browsing for ideas. I have made some suggestions below. You will need to access them from the list on our Subscription Databases page (using the log in information given if you are not on the school network).

An excellent series of ebooks providing a short, academic introduction to a wide range of topics. Choose 'Browse by subject' from the menu bar to explore them (or use the excellent search facility if you know which topic you are interested in).

An online encyclopaedia that you can trust and cite! Choose 'Advanced' then 'Explore: Articles' to browse Britannica in a range of different subject areas.

Hodder Education Magazines

Although aimed at A-level students, browsing these Review magazines may be a good way to identify a broad topic of interest. After you log-in, you can choose to search the whole database or choose a specific subject and browse/search within it.

Other, subject-specific resources

• Art: Oxford Art
• Drama: Drama Online
• Economics: Financial Times and Gale Newspaper Collection
• English literature: Connell Guides, EBSCO Literary Reference Centre, emagazine and MASSOLIT (a video-based resource)
• Music: Naxos Music Library, Oxford Music
• Politics: Financial Times and Gale Newspaper Collection 

Using the Subject Specific Guidelines

This table will help you work with the Subject-Specific Guidelines as you choose your topic. You are not required to submit this form to your supervisor, but you might find it helpful when filling in your Supervisor Application Form and Research Proposal.

AI Prompt Catcher

• AI Prompt Catcher Example

This Prompt Catcher  must  be completed if you are using AI tools as part of your initial research.  Since examiners cannot access the exact AI-generated content subsequently, you must cite and reference the tool in your essay and include a copy of the Prompt Catcher containing the generated content and the prompt you used to generate it in an appendix.

Annotated bibliography

This resource will help you to keep track of all the different sources you find. Once you start working with each source in more detail, you will also need a tool like the Investigative Journal to organise your notes.

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Extended Essay

• Mathematics
• Studies in language and literature
• World studies extended essay
• Visual arts
• Language Acquisition

Mathematics Sample A

Mathematics sample b, mathematics sample c.

• Last Updated: Oct 14, 2021 3:31 PM
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IB Extended Essay: Past Essays

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• In-Text Citations
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• Supervisor Info
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Check these CAREFULLY to be sure your topic fits with IB expectations!

• Language & literature (language A)
• Language acquisition (language B)
• Mathematics
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Business Management

English a & b ee examples.

• English A EE Example
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Philosophy EE Examples

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• Econ Example 1
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Review Past Papers

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• Renaissance Library Past Essays :  Links to all subject area examples

Music EE Examples

• Music EE Example 1
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Psychology EE Examples

• Psych EE Example 1
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Chinese EE Examples

• Chinese EE Example 1
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Math EE Examples

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World Studies EE Examples

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Make Math Instruction Better: 3 Tips on How From Researchers

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Education Week reporter and data journalist Sarah D. Sparks attended the American Educational Research Association’s annual conference in Philadelphia earlier this month. Here, she shares three of the key takeaways she heard from researchers studying some of the key challenges around math instruction.

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Mathematics > Analysis of PDEs

Title: an introduction to extended gevrey regularity.

Abstract: Gevrey classes are the most common choice when considering the regularities of smooth functions that are not analytic. However, in various situations, it is important to consider smoothness properties that go beyond Gevrey regularity, for example when initial value problems are ill-posed in Gevrey settings. Extended Gevrey classes provide a convenient framework for studying smooth functions that possess weaker regularity than any Gevrey function. Since the available literature on this topic is scattered, our aim is to provide an overview to extended Gevrey regularity, highlighting its most important features. Additionally, we consider related dual spaces of ultradistributions and review some results on micro-local analysis in the context of extended Gevrey regularity. We conclude the paper with a few selected applications that may motivate further study of the topic.

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