narendra modi as a leader essay

Essay On Narendra Modi for Students and Children

500+ words essay on narendra modi.

Narendra Modi as a person has always been a great inspiration for the people of India. Furthermore, his ideologies and beliefs have recognition. Narendra Modi not only gained popularity in India but also in countries like the USA and Russia. That is one of the most powerful and leading countries in the entire world.

Narendra Modi’s optimistic nature and challenging capabilities have led to an impact on our nation. Moreover, his way of turning the crowd and expressing his thoughts is making him a remarkable politician.

Narendra Modi has may fan in the country as well as in other nations. This is because he travels in different countries throughout the year. To discuss India’s financial and friendly relations with other countries.

Life Story of Narendra Modi

Narendra Modi was born on 17th September 1950. The birthplace of Narendra Modi is Vadnagar, Mehsana district, Bombay State (present-day Gujarat). For your information, Narendra Modi’s full name is Narendra Damodardas Modi.

Moreover, his father’s name was Mool Chand Modi and his Mother is Hiraben. Narendra Modi always belonged to a middle-class family. His engagement with Jasoda Ben Chaman Lal took place at the age of 13. However, he got married at the age of 17.

Furthermore, Modi joined RSS( Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh). He worked in it for several years. Also during his service, he played important roles in serving the people. Narendra Nodi started working really hard from an early age. Moreover, he has also represented as a true Hindu, because of which he is a role model for many Hindus .

Narendra Modi joined B.J.P. ( Bharatiya Janta Party) in the year 1987. From this time his career in the political world started. After a year only his appointment took place as a general secretary in Gujarat. Through his hard work and diligence, he took the party to a milestone. Where the party got great recognition.

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Narendra Modi – The Prime Minister of India

In the 2014 General Elections Narendra Modi won by the vast majority. He became the 15th Prime minister of India. Modi became the first prime minister after many years to get the whole majority of votes. On the day of 26th May 2014, he swore the oath as a prime minister. From that day onwards various amendments in our constitution took place. Modi is a man of vision, he had a dream of digital India.

Because of which he started various campaigns to promote it. Furthermore, he wanted a corruption-free India and to imply this he took a major step. He ordered demonetization in the entire country.

Under it the current currency became invalid. In order to get the new currency, people have to exchange it from the old ones. This was only possible by depositing all the money in the respective bank accounts. This was a major event in the history of India.

Furthermore, various campaigns for the safety of women also were initiated. Campaigns like Anti- Romeo Squad were in action to catch the eve-teasers on the roads.

Also, a major amendment was made in the country, the punishments for a pedophile rapist was been declared as hang till death. These were the steps that made him an outstanding prime minister. Because of which he was again elected as a prime minister in the 2019 general elections.

Q1. When was Narendra Modi born?

A1 . Narendra Modi was born on 17th September 1950.

Q2. In which year Narendra Modi became the prime minister of India

A2. Narendra Modi took the oath as a prime minister of India on 26th May 2014.

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Essay on Narendra Modi

Narendra Damodardas Modi is the current and 15th Prime Minister of India. He has been serving our country since May 26, 2014. Before taking over Delhi, he held the position of Honorable Chief Minister of Gujarat from the year 2001 to 2014 . He serves as the Varanasi city's MP and is a member of parliament. Here are a few sample essays on ‘Narendra Modi’.

100 Words Essay On Narendra Modi

Narendra Modi is the current Prime Minister of India , having taken office in 2014. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) . Modi is known for his strong leadership and his focus on economic development and national security. He has implemented several policies aimed at improving the lives of the Indian people, such as the 'Make in India' initiative and the 'Digital India' campaign. Modi has also focused on improving relations with other countries, particularly through his 'Act East policy' and initiatives like the 'International Yoga Day'. He has been a controversial figure due to his party's ideology and some of his decisions, but his supporters believe he has been successful in improving the country's economy and infrastructure.

200 Words Essay On Narendra Modi

Narendra Modi is the current Prime Minister of India, having taken office in 2014. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) . Modi has been a Member of Parliament from Varanasi and a Member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly. He served as the Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014 .

Leadership And Policies

Modi is known for his strong leadership and his focus on economic development and national security. He has implemented several policies aimed at improving the lives of the Indian people, such as the Make in India initiative, which aims to boost the country's manufacturing sector and create jobs. He also launched the Digital India campaign, which aims to increase access to technology and improve governance through the use of digital tools.

Foreign Policy

Modi has also focused on improving relations with other countries, particularly through his Act East policy which aims to strengthen ties with Southeast Asian nations, and initiatives like the International Yoga Day, which promotes the ancient practice as a means of fostering healthy, peaceful relationships among nations.

Criticism And Controversies

Modi's tenure as Prime minister of India has been controversial, with criticism for his handling of certain issues like the economy, the COVID-19 pandemic , and the farmers' protest. Despite the criticism, Modi remains a popular leader among his supporters, who believe he has been successful in improving the country's economy and infrastructure.

500 Words Essay On Narendra Modi

Modi has been credited for bringing a new perspective to India's foreign policy. One of the key events that highlights his success in this regard is the surgical strike that was conducted in 2016 in response to the terrorist attack on an Indian army base in Uri, Jammu and Kashmir. The terrorist attack resulted in the death of 19 soldiers and was considered as one of the worst terrorist attacks in India's history. Modi, as the Prime minister of India, decided to take a strong stance against the attack by ordering a surgical strike on the terrorist camps in Pakistan-administered-Kashmir. This move was seen as a bold and decisive action taken by the Indian government, which was well received by the Indian public.

Act East Policy

Modi has also focused on improving relations with other countries, particularly through his Act East policy which aims to strengthen ties with Southeast Asian nations. He has made a number of visits to Southeast Asian countries, strengthening India's economic and strategic ties with these nations. The Act East Policy has been credited for improving India's trade relations with Southeast Asia and also increasing Indian soft power in the region.

Criticism and Controversies

Modi's leadership and foreign policy decisions have not been without controversy. Critics have raised concerns about the implications of the surgical strike on the relations between India and Pakistan, as well as the human rights situation in Jammu and Kashmir. However, despite the criticism, Modi remains a popular leader among his supporters, who believe he has taken decisive action to protect India's national security and improve relations with other countries.

The Story Behind URI

The terrorist attack on an Indian army base in Uri, Jammu and Kashmir in 2016 was a defining moment in the leadership of Narendra Modi. The attack resulted in the death of 19 soldiers and was considered one of the worst terrorist attacks in India's history.

In response to the attack, Modi ordered a surgical strike on the terrorist camps in Pakistan-administered-Kashmir. This move was seen as a bold and decisive action taken by the Indian government, and it was well received by the Indian public. The surgical strike was a clear signal to Pakistan and to the world that India would not tolerate terrorism on its soil.

Modi's handling of the Uri attack showcased his leadership skills and his determination to protect the country's national security. He made a bold and unpopular decision, but one that was necessary to safeguard the country's security. This incident proved that Modi is a leader who is not afraid to take difficult decisions and is committed to protecting the country's national security.

Moreover, his decisiveness in dealing with the URI incident also gained him support from the public, who were looking for a leader who would take a strong stance against terrorism. It was a defining moment that solidified Modi's image as a strong leader who will not hesitate to take action to protect the country's security and interests.

It was a defining moment that solidified Modi's image as a strong leader who is not afraid to take difficult and decisive actions to protect the country's security and interests. This incident has proven that Modi is a great leader who can handle crisis situations with courage and determination, and that he is committed to safeguarding the country's security and interests.

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Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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• Narendra Modi Essay

Get to know Narendra Modi!

Mr. Narendra Damodardas Modi is the present and 15th Indian prime minister. He has been serving our nation since 26th May 2014. From the year 2001 to 2014, before taking over Delhi, he served the role of Honourable Chief Minister of Gujarat. He is a Member of the Parliament (MP), who represents the city of Varanasi. He is the leader of the popular Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). 

In the 2014 general election, BJP, led by Narendra Modi, gained the majority in the Lok Sabha. This was the first such major win for a political party since 1984. 

All About Narendra Modi

Early life .

Prime Minister Narendra Modi was born in a lower-middle-class family at Vadnagar, Gujarat. He had a keen interest in politics since the early days of his childhood. After completing his higher education in his hometown, he decided to join Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. This is popularly known as RSS in our country. During his earlier ages of life, he was headstrong and was not that keen on the concept of marriage. Since then, he has dedicated his entire life to his motherland. At the age of 17, Narendra Modi decided to travel around the country and gain knowledge while helping others. Mr Modi is a great admirer of the ideologies of Swami Vivekananda. 

He always emphasizes,  "Coming age is the age of knowledge. However, rich, poor, or powerful a country be, if they want to move ahead, only knowledge can lead them to that path." 

The Life Story 

Narendra Modi is a motivation for every Indian. He became the prime minister of India after breaking the bar of a poverty-stricken tea-selling boy. He has seamlessly become a development-oriented leader. Narendra Damodardas Modi was born on 17th September 1950. He is a prominent figure who showed us success is not related to the caste system. It doesn’t matter from where a person belongs or what his or her background is. 

Narendra Modi is considered a master strategist and becomes a ray of hope for billions of lives in India. He is one of the leaders who stay focused on developments. With him, the dignity of labor is respected, and the working class is supported greatly. Narendra Modi is the glorious son of Late Damodardas Mulchand Modi and Heeraben Damodardas Modi. None of the prime ministers had taken office when their mother was alive. It is Mr. Modi who created history. 

Eradicating Black Money from Our Country 

Dealing with strong hands, Narendra Modi has a significant role in eradicating black money from India. He demonetized the currency notes of 500 and 1000 rupees and later introduced a complete new semblance of Indian currency notes. This helped a lot in eliminating corruption, terrorism, and counterfeit currency from India. Our 15th Prime Minister is considered to be a stern administrator and leader with strict and protective discipline. These can be seen through his works, policies, speeches, and initiation of various schemes. He maintains a great image when it comes to rising from humble beginnings and moving to become the Prime Minister of India. 

Campaigns led by Modi 

Poverty in a farmer's life has been reduced to a great extent, thanks to the helping hands offered by our Prime Minister. Not only poor farmers, but he also helped reduce the poverty level from other sectors. He has eliminated the problem of water from India. Carrying the work to the next stage after Mr. Atal Vihari Vajpayee, Modi showed a great interest in the construction of infrastructure in India.  

A generous and recognized campaign, "Make in India," was started by Mr. Narendra Modi. In this campaign, he conveyed the message to manufacturers that it is best to use Indian materials and products rather than depending on foreign goods. This way, our money will circulate within the country and it will help to reduce the inflation rate. 

To end with, India has benefitted like never before under the leadership of Honourable Prime Minister Mr Narendra Modi. He has taken all the initiatives to make our country great and appreciable on the global standard. 

Recent Endeavours of Narendra Modi  

In April 2020, Narendra Modi, an Indian politician and the current Prime Minister of India, overtook US President Donald Trump as the most popular world leader on Facebook. He has ranked first among all international leaders in the fight against the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, ensuring the safety and security of Indian citizens and offering all essential help to other countries. 

In the aftermath of the pandemic, Prime Minister Narendra Modi decided to create a distinct Ministry of AYUSH, now selling medications to other countries. 

Article 370, which granted special status to the former state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), was repealed under his strong leadership. Narendra Modi's leadership has been hailed by world leaders, international agencies, philanthropists, Nobel laureates, and many more. 

Modiji earned the UN's top environmental accolade, the Champion of the Earth, in October 2018. On February 22, 2019, Narendra Damodardas Modi was awarded the prestigious Seoul Peace Prize 2018 to contribute to international collaboration and global economic prosperity. On April 12, 2019, he was also awarded the Order of St. Andrew, Russia's highest civilian decoration. 

For his second term as Prime Minister of India, he ran on "Nationalism" in the 2019 general election and earned a large mandate. 

Benchmarks of Modi’s Success

After being elected to his second term as Gujarat's chief minister in 2002, he focused on the state's economic development and an attractive location for business people and industrialists. 

In 2007, during his third term as CM, he increased agricultural growth rates, provided power to all villages, and bolstered the state's rapid development. 

When he was Gujarat's chief minister, he launched groundwater conservation initiatives with the government’s help. This aided in the cultivation of Bt cotton by providing irrigation through tube wells. 

 Gujarat's governor, Narendra Modi, has provided power to every village. In addition, he modified the state's power distribution system by dividing agricultural and rural electricity. 

Narendra Modi introduced honouring the Interworldwidenational Day of Yoga during his speech to the United Nations General Assembly. Thanks to his efforts, the International Day of Yoga is observed on June 21st all over the world. 

Modi's book 'Aankh Ka Dhanya Che' has a compilation of his poems. The Madame Tussauds Wax Museum in London has a wax statue of Modi. In 2015, he was placed sixth on Fortune magazine's list of the world's most powerful leaders. 

Narendra Modi was designated one of the top 30 most influential individuals on the Internet and one of Forbes' top ten most powerful people on the planet. He earned the United Nation’s highest environmental honor, 'Champions of the Earth,' in October 2018. He is the first Indian to get the 2018 Seoul Peace Prize. 

He is a beacon of hope for billions of Indians and one of the most popular leaders who focus on development. Even our Prime Minister Narendra Modi's slogan, "Main Bhi Chowkidar," emphasizes the dignity of labor and seeks the support of the working people. He used this term because he believes he, too, is standing steadfast and doing his job as the nation's "chowkidar." He further stated that any Indian fighting against corruption, filth, social evils, and other issues for India's prosperity is a 'Chowkidar.' The slogan 'Main Bhi chowkidar' became famous as a result of this.

FAQs on Narendra Modi Essay

Q1. Give a short brief on the background of Narendra Modi.

Narendra Modi was born on 17th September 1950. He belonged to a family of grocers. His hometown is located in Vadnagar, Mehsana district, Gujarat. Late Damodardas Mulchand Modi is the father of Narendra Modi. His mother’s name is Heeraben Damodardas Modi. Narendra Modi has 5 brothers and sisters and he is the third eldest among them. Modi is known to help in selling tea at his father’s tea stall at the Vadnagar Railway Station.

Q2. Why is Mr. Narendra Modi considered among the world's best leaders?

How Mr. Narendra Modi has emerged in Indian politics certainly makes him an influential leader. He changed the direction of politics uniquely, setting an example in every aspect through his path. Mr. Modi has achieved remarkable success when it comes to the highlighting of public welfare. From the public-oriented perspective, he has successfully introduced nationalism in a completely new way by introducing an innovative course of politics. 

Q3. What has Narendra Modi done for India?

Narendra Modi has done so many great things for India. The list is unending. To name a few, the Modi government made laws for triple talaq, strict punishment law against child abuse, fraud prevention law, etc. In addition to this, he shows great support for our sports team. Most of the popular tweets made by Modi have been on cricket. He congratulated Team India when the national team lifted the World T20 Cup by defeating Pakistan. He took noteworthy decisions for our country’s greater good. Such qualities and principles of a prime minister have certainly helped India to grow globally.

Narendra Modi

A Case Study of Servant Leadership

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• First Online: 09 November 2022
• Cite this living reference work entry

• Satish Modh 3 &
• Sadhana Modh 4  

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This chapter presents a case study on the leadership style of Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India, to add to the discussion on servant leadership styles of world leaders (which includes Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, and even Jesus Christ). In his speech from the Red Fort in Delhi on 15 August 2014 as the Prime Minister of India, Mr. Modi proclaimed: “My beloved countrymen! I have come here not as a ‘ Pradhan Mantri ’ (Prime Minister) but a ‘Pradhan Sewak’ (Prime Servant).” This chapter will ascertain whether he meets the three features that make up the essence of servant leadership, namely its motive, mode, and mindset (Eva et al., The Leadership Quarterly, 30 , 1, 111–132, 2019).

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Modh, S., Modh, S. (2022). Narendra Modi. In: Dhiman, S.K., Roberts, G.E. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Servant Leadership. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69802-7_15-1

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L ike in every other sphere, be it sports, business, or organisation, a good leader is the pivot around whom the entire team revolves. The leaders are the change makers. No matter how good the team is, a bad leader can lead to ruin while even a mediocre team can produce great results if it is led by a decent leader. India being a democratic country, its fate and future directly depends on the people having the option and opportunity to elect good leaders to lead it.

Sadly, while we have had politicians of every political orientation, we haven’t had many good leaders. Having a good leader is the most important factor in the building of a nation.

For instance, look at the stride India has made and the positive transformation it has undergone since 2014.

A transformative leader

Through his mantra of ‘Seva, Sushasan and Antyodaya’ — service, good governance and uplifting the most marginalised — Prime Minister Narendra Modi has truly brought India to the 21st century.

In the past, the funds allocated by the central government for welfare schemes, especially grants in cash, would travel to the state governments, then to the districts, and then to the sub-divisions, development blocks, panchayats, municipalities, etc before finally reaching the beneficiary. Because there were multiple layers, it paved the way for middlemen to crop up, who demanded their ‘share’. Then-Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi had famously said that only 15 paise from every 1 rupee spent for the welfare of people reaches them.

For me, this stands out as a prime example of everything lacking in a leader.

In contrast, instead of complaining about the existing system and its inherent flaws, one of the first actions that Modi undertook as the prime minister was to change the system fundamentally and eradicate all the loopholes that made the system inefficient.

Also read: Dear PM Modi, only you can stop Hindutva brigade that attacks Islamic history for attention

Ensuring financial inclusion – JAM trinity

It was PM Modi’s vision of Jan Dhan Yojana and demonetisation that encouraged citizens to open a bank account. This contributed immensely towards the financial inclusion of those sections who had otherwise been left out of the system. Using the JAM trinity of Jan Dhan, Aadhaar and Mobile technology, Modi transformed the way the government provided service, ensured empowerment and financial inclusion of citizens.

Initiatives like seeding of Aadhaar data with the bank accounts, Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), development of the United Payments Interface (UPI) and the digital payments in mere eight years is nothing short of a financial miracle. The hallmark of the Modi government has been that each action was preceded by a vision, holistic planning, resource allocation, and appointment of the right agency/individual for implementation.

Today, Indians take pride in the fact that under the visionary leadership of PM Modi, there are no middlemen involved in the implementation of welfare measures. So far, almost 10,000 services of the central, state and local self-government have become available online. From scholarships, payments to farmers, government assistance, everything is transferred directly to the account of citizens.

Today, India is the world’s leading nation in terms of digital economy. In 2021, 40 percent of all real-time digital financial transactions across the world originated in India, worth over Rs 20,000 crore every day, a result of PM Modi ensuring every citizen had a Jan Dhan account.

This is what leadership is all about.

Infrastructure development

One of the key impediments towards the development of India was the lack of world-class infrastructure. Despite India achieving high growth through the decades of 1990s and early 2000s, the rate of infrastructural growth was abysmal. In 2013-14 when the UPA government was in power, only 12 km of highway was being constructed in a day, which increased to an average of 27 km per day in 2017-18.

It’s the same story of growth in infrastructure be it rural roads, railways, airports, or ports. There have been various initiatives like Bharatmala, Sagarmala, inland waterways, dry/land ports, UDAN, Parvatmala, and now PM Gati Shakti, which have ensured seamless connectivity for movement of people, goods and services. Thus facilitating the last mile connectivity of infrastructure and also reducing travel time for people. All these together are set to revolutionise travel and transportation in India.

Also read: Modi is a polarising figure and that’s not a bad thing. But we need answers to 3 questions

Manufacturing revolution and export promotion

The central government under PM Modi has worked tirelessly to turn India into an international manufacturing hub. Beginning with the reduction in corporate tax rates, ensuring investment policy reforms, reduction in compliance burden to improved ‘Ease of Doing Business’ ranking, today India has become the leading nation to attract investment in the manufacturing sector.

Thanks to the forward thinking policies of the Modi government, today India has emerged as a leading exporter of goods and services, with total exports reaching nearly an all-time high of $670 billion in 2021-22.

This is happening because of the various programmes like Skill India, Digital India, Make in India, Vocal for Local, and performance-linked incentives among others. More importantly, all these have helped instill a sense of confidence and ‘can do’ attitude in Indians.

Reaching the last person

At the end of the day, there is only one measure of success when it comes to a nation — whether the measures benefit the most marginalised sections of the society.

In the last two years, the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict have meant that countries around the world have suffered untold miseries. Leadership remains challenged and shaken, particularly in South Asia – Sri Lanka is undergoing an economic crisis, Pakistan has seen an overturn of the government, countries like Nepal and Bangladesh are battling on the fringe of economic catastrophe, and China has locked itself down due to another surge in coronavirus cases.

Amid all this, India has emerged as the only bright spark and a ray of hope. It has administered over 192 crore vaccines as of 21 May, and supplied vaccines to numerous other countries. India has reached economic support to Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, Bangladesh, and is rescuing Sri Lanka from its financial crisis. India has sent humanitarian aid to war-torn countries like Afghanistan and Ukraine, and is working towards finding a peaceful resolution between Russia and Ukraine.

It is to the credit of PM Modi that an International Monetary Fund paper said , “Extreme poverty was maintained below 1% in India due to Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Ann Yojana.”

This is why leadership matters. This is what a good leader can do — transform the system.

Raju Bista is the Member of Parliament from Darjeeling and National Spokesperson for BJP. He tweets @RajuBistaBJP. Views are personal.

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The good, the bad, and the ugly of Narendra Modi, India's next leader

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The results from India's national election are still coming in and it's already clear who will be the country's next leader: Narendra Modi. His party, the BJP, has won at least 280 of the parliament's 545 seats, giving it a controlling majority (not to mention a stunning election victory) and enough to formally install Modi, who is their candidate for prime minister.

Modi is a big deal. He's about to take control of the world's second-most populous country at a pivotal moment in its history. He's hugely popular in India, where his party won by huge margins in large part on enthusiasm for what Modi can do for the nation. But he's also extremely controversial, in India and abroad; so much so that the State Department once denied him a visa to even the US. Here is a brief rundown on the good, the bad, and the ugly of India's next leader.

The good: Modi could be the guy to save India's economy

Lots of Indians, as well as members of the international business community, think his background as Gujarat's leader make him qualified to fix India's economic woes, and he's styled himself as India's national CEO. Optimism about a BJP win has been  powering the Indian stock market to new highs this spring. The value of India's currency, which plunged last year, has been rising in 2014 again thanks to Modi-mania.

In 2012 and 2013, Indian growth slowed sharply:

There's a lot of demand in the Indian economy, but not enough supply, and India's poor infrastructure and weak governance have been unable to provide the needed increase in production of goods and services. That's meant higher prices — inflation — without enough growth.

Modi's supporters believe he'll be able to fix this by implementing cleaner governance, by cutting down on the corruption and bureaucracy that prevents businesses from growing, and by improving infrastructure so that business can sell more products domestically and abroad.

It's tough to say whether Modi would be successful. The stated  economic platforms of his party and the incumbent Congress Party are not particularly distinct, particularly on corruption and infrastructure. Still, Congress has been in power for a while so it tends to take the blame for the status quo. Many Indians believe that Congress has failed and it's time for a change.

The big question, then, is whether Modi would be able to reproduce his reputation as an economic miracle worker from his time running Gujarat state. The numbers  are impressive , but some analysts argue  not nearly as impressive as Modi presents them to be.

The bad: Modi has a history of stirring up religious tension, of which India already has way too much

Modi's rise also reflects a worrying trend of Hindu nationalism in India, and Modi himself has a record of  stirring up Hindu-Muslim animosity . That can be a sensitive, and sometimes deadly, issue in India. Fears about Modi's record of creating religious tension are so high that The Economist published a  cover story urging Indians to vote against him. "By refusing to put Muslim fears to rest, Mr. Modi feeds them. By clinging to the anti-Muslim vote, he nurtures it," the magazine warned.

Hindu nationalism is a movement of right-wing nationalism and social conservatism combined with a Hindu political identity so strong that its ultimate effect has been described as, if not Hindu supremacy, then  Hindu hegemony to the potential detriment of the 20 percent of Indians who are not Hindu. That often means Muslims.

"This is the time to avenge"

There is a specific incident that people often cite when talking about Modi's Hindu nationalism: the 2002 riots in Gujarat. A year into Modi's tenure running the state, mass Hindu riots broke out against Muslims and an estimated 1,200 people, most of them Muslims, died in the violence. Many reported the police of the state did nothing to stop the attacking mobs, and Modi and his government have long been accused of allowing, and potentially abetting, the riots.

This is not a fringe conspiracy theory: the US State Department denied Modi a visa to visit the US in 2005 over his suspected role in the incident.

A few months after the riots, New York Times reporter Celia Dugger asked Modi if he wished he handled the riots any differently. He told her his greatest regret was not handling the media better. Dugger said in a Times  video interview that Modi did not show "any regret or [express] any empathy for those who had been slaughtered in his state, on his watch."

This is not all in the past. While Modi has  scaled back the rhetoric that's drawn so much criticism in the past, there are still flashes of it — perhaps in part because he needs Hindu nationalists' votes. For example, he's made speeches condemning India's beef export industry. This may sound innocuous, but within India it's a clear dogwhistle aimed at the Indian Muslims who dominate the beef industry, and meant to stir up Hindus who find beef consumption religiously objectionable. As the  Financial Times pointed out , it's exactly the kind of rhetoric that has led to communal violence in the past.

More worryingly, a  video has surfaced showing Modi's top lieutenant at a private election gathering in a part of India that has seen recent Hindu-Muslim violence. He told the Hindus gathered that voting for Modi would lead to "honor and revenge" for the killings.

"This is the time to avenge," he said. It's a bit like Mitt Romney's 47 percent video — except instead of belittling welfare recipients, the Indian official appeared to be hinting at the need for religious reprisal killings.

The ugly: Modi may end up being more status quo than change

Modi is the change candidate, for better or worse: the story here is in many ways as much about the incumbent Congress Party's failure as about his success. Congress Party is the ultimate political establishment — it's the Gandhi family party and has controlled India's government for most of its history since breaking from British rule.

Indians voted out the Congress Party because they were fed up with its economic mismanagement and corruption, and voted in Modi because they thought he would change things. But the Indian government is one of the world's largest bureaucracies  and it is dealing with tremendous and very basic problems at every level: things like safely distributing school lunches, or installing plumbing and electricity in rural areas, are enormous challenges for India.

It's entirely possible that Modi, whatever his differences in temperament from the old Congress Party leaders, will be subsumed by India's vast bureaucracy and by the country's many little problems, and that his rule will be more status quo than either his supporters or critics suggest. It's always easy to overestimate the good and the bad of a new government, but often those governments express a lot more policy continuity than they intend. But  we'll all find out soon enough, for better or worse.

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This article appears in the Winter 2024 print issue of FP. Read more from the issue.

From the middle of April until early June, staggered over the course of several weeks, the world’s biggest election will take place. More than 960 million Indians—out of a population of 1.4 billion—are eligible to vote in parliamentary elections that polls strongly suggest will return Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) to power for a third consecutive term.

Modi is probably the world’s most popular leader. According to a recent Morning Consult poll , 78 percent of Indians approve of his leadership. (The next three highest-ranked leaders, from Mexico, Argentina, and Switzerland, generate approval ratings of 63, 62, and 56 percent, respectively.) It is not hard to see why Modi is admired. He is a charismatic leader, a masterful orator in Hindi, and widely perceived as hard-working and committed to the country’s success. He is regarded as unlikely to turn to nepotism or corruption, often attributed to the fact that he is a 73-year-old man without a partner or children. Modi has few genuine competitors. His power within his party is absolute, and his opponents are fractured, weak, and dynastic—a quality usually equated with graft. Whether it is through maximizing his opportunity to host the G-20 or through his high-profile visits abroad, Modi has expanded India’s presence on the world stage and, with it, his own popularity. New Delhi is also becoming more assertive in its foreign policy, prioritizing self-interest over ideology and morality—another choice that is not without considerable domestic appeal.

Modi’s success can confuse his detractors. After all, he has increasingly authoritarian tendencies: Modi only rarely attends press conferences, has stopped sitting down for interviews with the few remaining journalists who would ask him difficult questions, and has largely sidestepped parliamentary debate. He has centralized power and built a cult of personality while weakening India’s system of federalism. Under his leadership, the country’s Hindu majority has become dominant. This salience of one religion can have ugly impacts, harming minority groups and calling into question the country’s commitment to secularism. Key pillars of democracy, such as a free press and an independent judiciary, have been eroded.

Yet Modi wins—democratically. The political scientist Sunil Khilnani argued in his 1997 book, The Idea of India , that it was democracy, rather than culture or religion, that shaped what was then a 50-year-old country. The primary embodiment of this idea, according to Khilnani, was India’s first prime minister, the anglicized, University of Cambridge-educated Jawaharlal Nehru, who went by the nickname “Joe” into his 20s. Nehru believed in a vision of a liberal, secular country that would serve as a contrast to Pakistan, which was formed explicitly as a Muslim homeland. Modi is, in many ways, Nehru’s opposite. Born into a lower-caste, lower-middle-class family, the current prime minister’s formative education came from years of traveling around the country as a Hindu community organizer, sleeping in ordinary people’s homes and building an understanding of their collective frustrations and aspirations. Modi’s idea of India, while premised on electoral democracy and welfarism, is substantially different from Nehru’s. It centers culture and religion in the state’s affairs; it defines nationhood through Hinduism; and it believes a powerful chief executive is preferable to a liberal one, even if that means the curtailment of individual rights and civil liberties. This alternative vision—a form of illiberal democracy—is an increasingly winning proposition for Modi and his BJP.

Hindus represent 80 percent of India’s population. The BJP courts this mega-majority by making them feel proud of their religion and culture. Sometimes, it aids this project by stirring up resentment of the country’s 200 million Muslims, who form 14 percent of the population. The BJP also attempts to further a version of history that interprets Hindus as victimized by successive hordes of invaders. Hindus hardly comprise a monolith, divided as they are by caste and language, but the BJP requires only half their support to win national elections. In 2014, it secured 31 percent of the national vote to gain a majority of seats in Parliament—the first time in three decades a single party had done so. It did even better in 2019, with 37 percent of the vote.

An illiberal, Hindi-dominated, and Hindu-first nation is emerging, and it is challenging—even eclipsing—other ideas of India, including Jawaharlal Nehru’s.

At least some part of the BJP’s success can be attributed to Modi’s name recognition and tireless performances on the campaign trail. But focusing too much on one man can be a distraction from understanding India’s trajectory. Even though Modi has acquired a greater concentration of power than any Indian leader in a generation, his core religious agenda has long been telegraphed by his party, as well as by its ideological parent, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu social society and paramilitary group that counts more than 5 million members. While Modi has been the primary face of the BJP since 2014, the party itself has existed in its current form since 1980. (The RSS, to which Modi traces his true ideological roots, is even older. It will mark its 100th anniversary next year.) The BJP’s vision—its idea of India—is hardly new or hidden. It is clearly described in its election manifestos and, combined with Modi’s salesmanship, is increasingly successful at the ballot box.

Put another way, while India’s current political moment has much to do with supply—in the form of a once-in-a-generation leader and few convincing alternatives—it may also have something to do with shifting demand. The success of the BJP’s political project reveals a clearer picture of what India is becoming. Nearly half the country’s population is under the age of 25. Many of these young Indians are looking to assert a new cultural and social vision of nationhood. An illiberal, Hindi-dominated, and Hindu-first nation is emerging, and it is challenging—even eclipsing—other ideas of India, including Nehru’s. This has profound impacts for both domestic and foreign policy. The sooner India’s would-be partners and rivals realize this, the better they will be able to manage New Delhi’s growing global clout. “The Nehruvian idea of India is dead,” said Vinay Sitapati, the author of India Before Modi . “Something is definitely lost. But the question is whether that idea was alien to India in the first place.”

Watch a live discussion about the magazine’s India issue with editor-in-chief Ravi Agrawal here .

Indians bristle at reports of how their country has fallen in recent years on key markers of the health of its civil society. It is nonetheless worth contending with those assessments. According to Reporters Without Borders, India ranked 161st out of 180 countries for press freedom in 2023, down from 80th out of 139 countries in 2002. Freedom House, which measures democracy around the world, marked India as only “partly free” in its 2024 report, with Indian-administered Kashmir receiving a “not free” designation. Only a handful of countries and territories, such as Russia and Hong Kong, experienced a greater decline in freedom over the last decade than India. The World Economic Forum’s 2023 Global Gender Gap Index ranks India 127th out of 146 countries. The World Justice Project ranks India 79th out of 142 countries for adherence to the rule of law, down from 59th in 2015. As one legal scholar wrote in Scroll.in , the judiciary has “placed its enormous arsenal at the government’s disposal in pursuit of its radical majoritarian agenda.” Consider, as well, access to the web: India has administered more internet shutdowns than any country in the last decade, even more than Iran and Myanmar.

The social indicator that worries observers of India the most is religious freedom. Troubles between Hindus and Muslims are not new. But in its decade in power, Modi’s BJP has been remarkably successful in furthering its Hindu-first agenda through legislation. It has done so by revoking the semi-autonomous status of majority-Muslim Kashmir in 2019 and later that year—an election year—passing an immigration law that fast-tracked citizenship for non-Muslims from three neighboring countries, each of which has a large Muslim majority. (The law, which makes it more difficult for Indian Muslims to prove their citizenship, was implemented in March. The timing of this announcement seemed to highlight its electoral benefits.)

Perhaps more damaging than these legislative maneuvers has been the Modi administration’s silence, and often its dog whistles of encouragement, amid an increasingly menacing climate for Indian Muslims. While Nehru’s emphasis on secularism once imposed implicit rules in the public sphere, Hindus can now question Muslims’ loyalty to India with relative impunity. Hindu supremacy has become the norm; critics are branded “anti-national.” This dominance culminated on Jan. 22, when Modi consecrated a giant temple to the Hindu god Ram in the northern Indian city of Ayodhya. The temple, which cost $250 million to build, was constructed on the site of a mosque that was demolished by a Hindu mob in 1992. When that happened three decades ago, top BJP leaders recoiled from the violence they had unleashed. Today, that embarrassment has morphed into an expression of national pride. “It is the beginning of a new era,” said Modi, adorned in a Hindu priest’s garb at the temple’s opening, in front of an audience of top Bollywood stars and the country’s business elite.

“The BJP’s dominance is primarily demand-driven,” Sitapati said. “Progressives are in denial about this.”

Modi’s vision of what it means to be Indian is at least partly borne out in public opinion. When the Pew Research Center conducted a major survey of religion in India between late 2019 and early 2020, it found that 64 percent of Hindus believed being Hindu was very important to being “truly Indian,” while 59 percent said speaking Hindi was similarly foundational in defining Indianness; 84 percent considered religion to be “very important” in their lives; and 59 percent prayed daily. “The BJP’s dominance is primarily demand-driven,” said Sitapati, who also teaches law and politics at Shiv Nadar University Chennai. “Progressives are in denial about this.”

Sitapati has critics on the left who claim his scholarship underplays the militant roots of the BJP and RSS, helping to rehabilitate their image. But on the question of demand and supply: The BJP’s dominance is limited to the country’s north, where most people speak Hindi. In the wealthier south, where tech firms are flourishing, literacy rates are higher, and most people speak languages such as Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam, the BJP is decidedly less popular. Southern leaders harbor a growing resentment that their taxes are subsidizing the Hindi Belt in the north. This geographic cleavage could come to a head in 2026, when a national process of redistricting is expected to take place. Opposition leaders fear the BJP could redraw parliamentary constituencies to its advantage. If the BJP succeeds, it could continue winning at the polls long beyond Modi’s time.

Despite all this, Sitapati contends that the country remains democratic: “Political participation is higher than ever. Elections are free and fair. The BJP regularly loses state elections. If your definition of democracy is focused on the sanctity of elections and the substance of policies, then democracy is thriving.” In Indian society, he said, culture is not centered on liberalism and individual rights; Modi’s rise must be viewed within that context.

Liberal Indians who might disagree are vanishing from the public eye. One clear exception is the Booker Prize-winning novelist Arundhati Roy. Speaking in Lausanne, Switzerland, last September, she described an India descending into fascism . The ruling BJP’s “message of Hindu supremacism has relentlessly been disseminated to a population of 1.4 billion people,” Roy said. “Consequently, elections are a season of murder, lynching, and dog-whistling. … It is no longer just our leaders we must fear but a whole section of the population.”

Is the mobilization of more than a billion Hindus a form of tyranny of the majority? Not quite, says Pratap Bhanu Mehta, an Indian political scientist who teaches at Princeton University. “Hindu nationalists will say that theirs is a classic nation-building project,” he said, underscoring how independent India is still a young country. Populism, too, is an unsatisfying term for describing Modi’s politics. Even though he plays up his modest background, he is hardly anti-elitist and in fact frequently courts top Indian and global business leaders to invest in the country. Sometimes, they directly finance Modi’s success: A 2017 provision for electoral bonds brought in more than $600 million in anonymous donations to the BJP. The Supreme Court scrapped the scheme in March, calling it “unconstitutional,” but the ruling is likely too late to have prevented the influence of big donors in this year’s election.

Mukul Kesavan, a historian based in New Delhi, argues that it would be more accurate to describe the BJP’s agenda as majoritarianism. “Majoritarianism just needs a minority to mobilize against—a hatred of the internal other,” he said. “India is at the vanguard of this. There is no one else doing what we are doing. I am continually astonished that the West doesn’t see this.”

What the West also doesn’t always see is that Modi is substantially different from strongmen such as Donald Trump in the United States. While Trump propagated an ideology that eclipsed that of the Republican Party, Modi is fulfilling the RSS’s century-old movement to equate Indianness more closely with Hinduism. Surveys and elections both reveal this movement’s time has come.

“People aren’t blinkered. They’re willing to accept trade-offs,” said Mehta, explaining how growing numbers of Indians have accepted the BJP’s premise of a Hindu state, even if there are elements of that project that make them uncomfortable. “They don’t think the majoritarian agenda presents a deal-breaker.” For now, at least. A key question is what happens when majoritarianism provokes something that challenges public acceptance of this trade-off. The greatest risk here lies in a potential surge of communal violence, the likes of which have pockmarked Indian history. In 2002, for example, 58 Hindu pilgrims were killed in Godhra, in the western state of Gujarat, after a train that was returning from Ayodhya caught fire. Modi, then chief minister of Gujarat, declared the incident an act of terrorism. After rumors circulated that Muslims were responsible for the fire, a mob embarked on three days of violence in the state, killing more than a thousand people. An overwhelming majority of the dead were Muslim. Modi has never been convicted of any involvement, but the tragedy has followed him in ways both damaging and to his advantage. Liberal Indians were horrified that he didn’t do more to stop the violence, but the message for a substantial number of Hindus was that he would stop at nothing to protect them.

Twenty-two years later, Modi is a mainstream leader catering to a national constituency that is much more diverse than that of Gujarat. While the riots once loomed large in his biography, Indians now see them as just one part of a complicated career in the public eye. What is unknown is how they might react to another mass outbreak of communal violence and whether civil society retains the muscle to rein in the worst excesses of its people. Optimists will point out that India has been through tough moments and emerged stronger. When Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergency in 1975, giving her the license to rule by decree, voters kicked her out of power the first chance they got. Modi, however, has a stronger grip on the country—and he continues to expand his powers while winning at the ballot box.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi greets a crowd in Varanasi, India, on March 4, 2022. Ritesh Shukla/Getty Images

Just as citizens can’t subsist purely on the ideals of secularism and liberalism, it’s the same with nationalism and majoritarianism. In the end, the state must deliver. Here, Modi’s record is mixed. “Modi sees Japan as a model—modern in an industrial sense without being Western in a cultural sense,” Sitapati said. “He has delivered on an ideological project that is Hindu revivalism mixed with industrialization.”

India is undertaking a vast national project of state-building under Modi. Since 2014, spending on transport has more than tripled as a share of GDP. India is currently building more than 6,000 miles of highways a year and has doubled the length of its rural road network since 2014. In 2022, capitalizing on a red-hot aviation market, New Delhi privatized its creaky national carrier, Air India. India has twice as many airports today than it did a decade ago, with domestic passengers more than doubling in quantity to top 200 million. Its middle classes are spending more money: Average monthly per capita consumption expenditure in urban areas rose by 146 percent in the last decade. Meanwhile, India is whittling down its infamous bureaucratic hurdles to become an easier place for industry. According to the World Bank’s annual Doing Business report, India rose from a rank of 134th in 2014 to 63rd in 2020. Investors seem bullish. The country’s main stock index, the BSE Sensex, has increased in value by 250 percent in the last decade.

Strongmen are usually more popular among men than women. It is a strange paradox, then, that the BJP won a record number of votes by women in the 2019 national election and is projected to do so again in 2024, as voter participation , and voting by women, continues to climb. Modi has targeted female voters through the canny deployment of services that make domestic life easier. Rural access to piped water, for example, has climbed to more than 75 percent from just 16.8 percent in 2019. Modi declared India free of open defecation in 2019 after a campaign to build more than 110 million toilets. And according to the International Energy Agency, 45 percent of India’s electricity transmission lines have been installed in the last decade.

The most transformative force in the country is the ongoing proliferation of the internet, as I wrote in my 2018 book, India Connected . Just as the invention of the car more than a century ago shaped modern America, with the corresponding building out of the interstate system and suburbia, cheap smartphones have enabled Indians to partake in a burgeoning digital ecosystem. Though it didn’t have much to do with the smartphone and internet boom, the government has capitalized on it. India’s Unified Payments Interface, a government-run instant payment system, now accounts for three-fourths of all non-cash retail transactions in the country. With the help of digital banking and a new national biometric identification system, New Delhi has been able to sidestep corruption by directly transferring subsidies to citizens, saving billions of dollars in wastage.

Modi is projecting an image of a more powerful, muscular, prideful nation—and Indians are in thrall to the self-portrait.

The private sector has been a willing participant in India’s new digital and physical economy. But it has also been strangely leery of investing more, as two leading economists describe in this issue. Businesses remain concerned that Modi has a cabal of preferred partners in his plans for industrialization—for example, he is seen as too cozy with the country’s two richest men, Mukesh Ambani and Gautam Adani, both of whom hail from his native state of Gujarat. Fears abound that New Delhi’s history of retroactive taxation and protectionism could blow up the best laid corporate plans.

Because he has corralled great power, when Modi missteps, the consequences tend to be enormous. In 2016, he suddenly announced a process of demonetization, recalling high-value notes of currency as legal tender. While the move attempted to reduce corruption by outing people with large amounts of untaxed income, it was in fact a stunt that reduced India’s growth by nearly 2 percentage points. Similarly, panicked by the onset of COVID-19 in 2020, Modi announced a sudden national lockdown, leading to millions of migrant workers racing home—and likely spreading the virus. A year later, New Delhi largely stood by when the delta variant of COVID-19 surged through the country, killing untold thousands of Indians. No amount of nationalism or pride could cover up for the fact that, on that occasion, the state had let its people down.

Now, with a population hungry for good news, India is looking to take advantage of the best foreign-policy deals. There are plenty to be struck in a shifting global order. The United States’ power is in relative decline, China’s has risen, and a range of so-called middle powers are looking to benchmark their status. Modi is projecting an image of a more powerful, muscular, prideful nation—and Indians are in thrall to the self-portrait.

Modi is seen through a video camera as he speaks at the final session of the G-20 summit in New Delhi on Sept. 10, 2023. Dan Kitwood/Getty Images

One window into India’s newfound status on the world stage came last September, after Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau made the stunning announcement that Ottawa was investigating “credible allegations” that Indian government agents had orchestrated the murder of a Sikh community leader in British Columbia. New Delhi flatly denied his accusations, calling them “absurd.” The person who was killed, Hardeep Singh Nijjar, had sought to establish a nation called Khalistan, carved out of territory in his native Punjab, a state in northwestern India. In 2020, New Delhi declared Nijjar a terrorist.

A Canadian leader publicly accusing India of a murder on Canadian soil could have been a major embarrassment for Modi. Instead, the incident galvanized his supporters. The national mood seemed to agree with the government line that New Delhi didn’t do it but with an important subtext: If it did, it did the right thing.

“It’s this idea that ‘We have arrived. Now we can talk on equal terms to the white man,’” Sitapati said. It’s not just revisionism to examine how colonial powers masterminded the plunder of India’s land and resources; even the word “loot” is stolen from Hindi, as the writer and parliamentarian Shashi Tharoor has pointed out. The BJP’s project of nation-building attempts to reinstill a sense of self-pride, often by painting Hindus as the victims of centuries of wrongs but who have now awoken to claim their true status. This is why the Jan. 22 opening of the Ram temple took on epic significance, reviving among Hindus a sense that they were rightfully claiming the primacy they once enjoyed.

The flashier the stage, the better. For much of 2023, India flaunted its hosting of the G-20, a rotating presidency that most other countries see as perfunctory. For Modi, it became a marketing machine, with giant billboards advertising New Delhi’s pride in playing host (always alongside a portrait of the prime minister). When the summit began in September, TV channels dutifully carried key parts live, showing Modi welcoming a series of top world leaders.

Weeks earlier, Indians united around another celebratory moment. The country landed two robots on the moon, making it only the fourth country to do so and the first to reach the moon’s southern polar region. As TV channels ran a live broadcast of the landing, Modi beamed into mission control at the key moment of touchdown, his face on a split screen with the landing. The self-promotion can seem garish, but it feeds into a sense of collective accomplishment and national identity.

Also popular is New Delhi’s stance on Moscow, thumbing its nose at Western countries seeking to sanction Russia after its invasion of Ukraine. While Russia exported less than 1 percent of its crude to India before 2022, it now sends more than half of its supplies there. China and India are together purchasing 80 percent of Russia’s seaborne oil exports—and they do so at below-market rates because of a price cap imposed by the West. There is little consideration for morality, in part because Indians, like many in the global south, now widely perceive the West as applying double standards to world affairs. As a result, there’s no moral benchmark. For India, an advantageous oil deal is just that: good economics and smart politics. (India and Russia also share a historic friendship, which both sides are keen to continue.)

New Delhi’s growing foreign-policy assertiveness stems from a knowledge that it is increasingly needed by other countries. Allies seem aware of this new dynamic. For the United States, even if India doesn’t come to its aid in a potential tussle with China in the Taiwan Strait, merely preventing New Delhi from growing closer to Beijing represents a geopolitical win that papers over other disagreements. For other countries, access to India’s growing market is paramount. Despite the BJP’s hostility to Muslims, Modi receives a red-carpet welcome when he visits countries in the Persian Gulf.

India’s embrace of its strategic interests—and its confidence in articulating that choice—is of a piece with broader changes in how the country views itself. Modi and his BJP have succeeded in furthering an idea of India that makes a virtue of sacrificing Western liberalism for a homegrown sense of self-interest. By appealing to young people’s economic aspirations and their desire for identity in an increasingly interconnected world, the BJP has found room to advance a religious and cultural agenda that would have been unimaginable a generation ago. This vision cannot be purely top-down; the will of a nation evolves over time. In the future, there will likely be further contests among other ideas of India. But if Modi’s BJP continues to win at the ballot box, history may show that the country’s liberal experiment wasn’t just interrupted—it may have been an aberration.

Ravi Agrawal is the editor in chief of Foreign Policy . Twitter:  @RaviReports

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Narendra Modi Essay: A Visionary Leader | Short and Long |100, 150, 200, 300 & 400 + Words

Narendra Modi is a name that needs no introduction.  From being a tea seller to becoming one of India’s most powerful leaders, Mr. Modi’s journey has been remarkable and inspiring.  In this blog post, we will take a closer look at Narendra Modi- his life story, political career, achievements and more. So here we start with Narendra Modi Essay- short and long.

  Description of our Prime Minister

• Name: Mr Narender Modi
• Qualities of a true leader : Honest, hard-working. humble
• Different from another leader: No desire of name, fame
• Mission: Service to the nation
• The expectation from him: To take the country to greater heights

Ans.                                              Our Prime Minister Mr Narender Modi

Mr Narender Modi is my favourite leader. He is the Prime Minister of India. He has all the true qualities of a true leader. He is honest and a hardworking lie is very humble. His simplicity connotes him. There is no trace of any pride in him. He is very different from other political leaders. the lie has no desire for any name, fame or riches. He is faultless and blotless Personality. Service to the nation is the only mission of his life. All the Indians hold hint in high esteem and expect that he will take the country to greater heights.

Download the above Description in PDF

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Narendra Modi Essay in Short- 100 Words

Narendra Modi, the 14th, and current Prime Minister of India is a dynamic leader. He has taken India by storm with his transformative policies. He has very innovative ideas. He has implemented many economic reforms to promote sustainable development. He has taken many significant steps in shaping India’s future. He has seen many ups and downs in his life. Once he was a humble tea-seller and now he is one of the most influential leaders in the world today. He has also served as Chief Minister of Gujarat for over a decade before being elected Prime Minister of India. His leadership style has been described as dynamic yet controversial with some lauding his policies while others criticize them.

Descriptive Paragraph on Einstein- 150 Words

Narendra Modi, the current Prime Minister of India, is one of the most influential leaders in Indian politics. He has struggled hard in his life. Born into a humble family in Gujarat, Modi’s journey to the top was not without its challenges. Known for his charismatic leadership style and dynamic personality, Narendra Modi has been able to win over millions of fans both within India and abroad. His commitment to improving education opportunities for all children across India is an example of his strong social conscience. He has taken bold steps towards economic reforms. He has helped transform India into one of the world’s fastest-growing economies. Many world leaders look up to him for visionary advice. India is gaining progress and prosperity under his leadership. Whether it be through initiatives like “Make in India” or by investing heavily in infrastructure development projects such as highways and railways; Narendra Modi continues to work tirelessly towards creating a better future for all Indians irrespective of their caste or creed.

Essay for Narendra Modi – 200 Words

Narendra Modi, our Prime Minister needs no introduction. Born in Vadnagar, Gujarat, in 1950, Modi has come a long way to become one of the most influential figures not only in Indian politics but also on the global stage. He started his political career as an RSS pracharak and gradually rose through the ranks to become Chief Minister of Gujarat for three consecutive terms from 2001 to 2014. After that he was elected as India’s Prime Minister in May 2014 and re-elected with a thumping majority five years later. Known for his charismatic personality and powerful oratory skills, Narendra Modi has been instrumental in shaping India’s policies towards economic development, foreign relations, security issues and social welfare initiatives. His vision of building a “New India” based on innovation, youth empowerment and digital revolution has gained immense support among both domestic and international audiences alike. With his unwavering commitment to serve the nation and make it a superpower by 2030 under his leadership as articulated recently at United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). He remains one of the most respected leaders across continents today. His efforts have undoubtedly made a positive impact on people’s lives and will continue to do so for years to come.

Essay on Narendra Modi- 300 Words

A world leader Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India, is an enigmatic personality. He has carved his path to success through sheer hard work and dedication. Narendra Modi’s early life was marked by poverty and struggle. However, he never let his circumstances define him and pursued higher education while working as a tea seller. Over the years, Narendra Modi rose through the ranks of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) due to his relentless campaigning and organizational skills. As Prime Minister, Narendra Modi has brought about several transformative changes that have put India on the global map. His flagship schemes such as Make in India, Digital India and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan have received widespread praise for their impact on job creation, digital literacy, and sanitation respectively. Additionally, he has also taken bold steps towards strengthening India’s foreign policy by engaging with world leaders like Donald Trump of USA., Vladimir Putin of Russia among others. Despite facing criticism for certain policies such as demonetization and the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), his charismatic leadership style sets him apart. He possesses strong communication skills that enable him to connect with people from all walks of life, regardless of age. Young or old, Modi’s ability to engage with individuals across different sections of society is a key factor in his popularity. In conclusion Narendra Modi has achieved remarkable success in his political career. He is a leader that India can be proud of and one who actively works towards the betterment of the nation. His ability to speak clearly and thoughtfully to large crowds, as well as his engaging personality have allowed him to make a lasting impression on many people throughout the world. His commitment to work hard for the betterment of India is something that will continue to inspire generations to come. He is one of the most inspirational figures in modern India and his legacy of hard work, dedication, and commitment are true inspirations for many. Therefore, it can be safely concluded that Narendra Modi is indeed a great leader who has been instrumental in bringing about so much change in India – both politically as well as economically.

Narendra Modi 10 Lines in English

1.Narendra Modi began his political journey as an RSS worker and joined the BJP in 1987. 2.He served as the Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014, winning four consecutive terms. 3.During his tenure as Chief Minister, he introduced development reforms in Gujarat, such as organizing the Vibrant Gujarat Summit to attract foreign investments. 4.In May 2014, he achieved a historic victory in the elections and became the Prime Minister of India. 5.As Prime Minister, he launched initiatives like the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan to promote cleanliness and the Make In India campaign to boost the manufacturing industry. 6.Under his leadership, India experienced significant economic growth through policies like demonetization and the implementation of GST. 7.He initiated schemes like Ayushman Bharat Yojana to provide affordable healthcare access and Jan Dhan Yojana to promote financial inclusion among underprivileged households. 8.As a global leader, he represented India in international forums like G20 summits and the United Nations General Assembly meetings. 9.Recently, under his leadership, the Indian government implemented various measures to combat the Covid-19 pandemic, including nationwide vaccination drives. 10.His dynamic personality serves as an inspiration to millions of people worldwide.

Narendra Modi Essay in English 500 + Words

India’s Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, is one of the most charismatic and influential leaders in the world. His dedication to serving his country and improving the lives of its citizens has earned him widespread admiration and respect. From humble beginnings as a tea seller to becoming the leader of the world’s largest democracy, Modi has an incredible story that serves as an inspiration to millions. In this article, we will take a closer look at who Narendra Modi is, his background, education, and history leading up to becoming India’s Prime Minister. So grab a cup of chai and let’s delve into this fascinating journey!

Who is Narendra Modi?

Narendra Modi is the current Prime Minister of India, serving since 2014. Born on September 17th, 1950 in Vadnagar, a small town in Gujarat state of India, Modi was the third of six children to his parents. He grew up helping his family sell tea at local train station. Modi completed his schooling from Vadnagar and later earned a degree in Political Science from Delhi University. In his early career, he served as a member of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), an Indian right-wing nationalist organization. In 2001, Modi became the Chief Minister of Gujarat and held that position until 2014 when he was elected as India’s Prime Minister. During his tenure as Gujarat’s chief minister, he implemented various reforms to improve infrastructure development and boost economic growth. Modi is known for promoting several initiatives including Make in India campaign aimed at boosting manufacturing in India and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan focused on improving sanitation across the country. Apart from politics, he has written several books including Jyotipunj which features biographical sketches of sixteen inspiring personalities. Today Narendra Modi stands out as one of the most influential political leaders globally with more than four decades dedicated to public service under his belt. It can be said that Narendra Modi’s vision is focused towards making a better future for every citizen by bringing reforms through innovative approach.

Narendra Modi Age

Narendra Modi, the 14th Prime Minister of India, is a prominent political figure who has been serving in this role since May 2014. Born on September 17, 1950, he is currently 71 years old in (2023). This makes him one of the senior leaders among his contemporaries. Modi’s age hasn’t slowed him down from making significant strides towards improving India’s economic and social development. He continues to inspire millions with his vision for a new India that is inclusive and progressive.

Narendra Modi Mother Name

Narendra Modi, the current Prime Minister of India, was born on September 17th, 1950 in Vadnagar, a small town in Gujarat. His mother’s name was Hiraben Modi. Hiraben Modi is known to be a very simple and spiritual woman who had a deep influence on her son’s life. She used to work as a maid in other people’s homes to support their family financially. Despite living a humble life with limited resources, she always taught Narendra Modi the values of hard work and determination. In an interview with The Indian Express, Narendra Modi once described his mother as his source of inspiration. He said that he learned about selflessness from her as she would often save money from her earnings to donate to those who were less fortunate than them. Despite being illiterate herself, Hiraben encouraged her children to pursue education and instilled the importance of learning in them at an early age. Her teachings played an instrumental role in shaping Narendra Modi into the man he is today. Hiraben Modi may have led a simple life but her strong character and unwavering dedication towards her family left an indelible mark on Narendra Modi’s personality which has helped him become one of the most respected leaders not only within India but across the world too.

Narendra Modi Father Name

Narendra Modi’s father was a simple man who worked as a tea seller. His name was Damodardas Mulchand Modi, and he belonged to the Modh Ghanchi community. This community is known for its expertise in making oil press machines. Modi’s father played an essential role in shaping his life and career. Even though he didn’t have much formal education, he was a firm believer of the value of education. He always encouraged his children to study hard and pursue their dreams. Despite facing financial difficulties, Modi’s father managed to provide him with good quality education. He also taught him valuable life lessons such as honesty, simplicity, and hard work. Modi has often spoken about his admiration for his late father. In one of his speeches, he said that every decision he makes is guided by the ideals that his father instilled in him. Narendra Modi’s father may have been an ordinary man but had extraordinary values that shaped the Prime Minister into the leader that he is today.

Narendra Modi Education

Narendra Modi’s education is an interesting topic to explore. He studied at Vadnagar in Gujarat, where he was born and raised. Modi completed his higher secondary education in Vadnagar itself. After completing his schooling, Narendra Modi went on to attend the University of Delhi, where he received a bachelor’s degree in political science. During this time, he also participated actively in the student union politics and rose through the ranks quickly. Modi then pursued a Master’s degree from Gujarat University and continued his involvement with political activities. It was during this period that he joined Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), which would later shape his political ideology. While studying for a master’s degree in political science at Gujarat University, Modi developed an interest in theater and became involved with various theatre groups across Ahmedabad. Despite not having any formal training or experience as an actor or director, Narendra Modi wrote plays and directed them himself – proving yet again that there are no limits when it comes to one’s passion and determination towards achieving their goals. Narendra Modi’s educational journey has been full of twists and turns but has undoubtedly shaped him into the leader he is today.

Narendra Modi is a prominent politician in Indian history. He has achieved many milestones in his political career and remains one of the most popular leaders in India today. From humble beginnings to leading the nation as its Prime Minister, Modi’s journey serves as an inspiration for many. Through this article, we have learned about his early life, education, family background and political career. We also explored ten interesting facts about him that highlight his leadership qualities and achievements. As Indians continue to look up to their leader for guidance and direction amidst challenging times, Narendra Modi remains committed towards serving the people of India with dedication and passion. His vision for development and progress will shape not only the future of India but also influence global events. It can be said that Narendra Modi’s story is one that inspires hope and determination among millions of Indians across all walks of life.

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Top 11 Leadership Qualities to Learn from Narendra Modi

Leadership Quality # 1. Setting the Example as a Leader

Leadership quality # 2. express intense enthusiasm, leadership quality # 3. understand the people, leadership quality # 4. act confidently, leadership quality # 5. visionary and think long-term, leadership quality # 6. adaptability and stay updated, leadership quality # 7. a powerful public speaker, leadership quality # 8. be very decisive, leadership quality # 9. become a powerful networker, leadership quality # 10. lead with courage, leadership quality # 11. have the charisma.

Modi was involved in the Indian politics since a very young age. However, things did not start out smooth when he was young. When he was just a young boy, he helped his father sell tea and then later ran his own stall. Somehow, Modi was introduced to Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), which can also be known as “National Patriotic Organization”.

It was then Modi started to learn about politics and leadership. After his graduation, he worked full-time for RSS and was then introduced to Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), where he built his leadership qualities and became the Chief Minister of Gujarat for over a decade. Due to his hard work, Modi eventually won the national elections and became the 16th Prime Minister of India.

And in this article, we are going to discuss the top 11 leadership qualities you can and should learn from Narendra Modi.

Narendra Modi is considered one of the most respected leaders in the world not because of his position, but because he set the example as a great leader. He is the man that everyone looks up to and respect because of his personality, his characters, traits, and qualities.

If you want to be a leader, you must first act like a leader. A leader cannot win the trust and hearts of others if he does not possess the qualities and characters of a leader.

The problem with most people is that they often think that leadership qualities will come after they become the leader, which is completely opposite. You should look, act, and set yourself as an example before you can actually become a leader.

Just like the saying, “Fake it until you make it”. You need to become an example before people will acknowledge you as a leader. And Modi clearly shows his larger-than-life characters since a very young age, which eventually influenced his political image. He was born into a poor family and has to help his father to sell tea in the railway station, but despite all the odds, he still manages to shine as a leader and become one of the most respected leaders in India.

Modi has presented himself as an example of a great leader. Even to this day, he is still a well-behaved man who does not misuse his status quo to garner false-respect from others. And this is what a leader is all about.

One of the most important leadership qualities one can learn from Modi is his intense passion and enthusiasm for his work. He loves serving his country so much that he spends 18 hours every day at work.

This is no doubt a crucial quality that commonly shared by all the leaders in the world. Bill Gates was also known as a very hard working man when he was young. He said this during an interview, “I never took a day off in my twenties. Not one. And I’m still fanatical, but now I’m a little less fanatical.”

The same goes for all other highly successful people in the world. When you are enthusiastic about your work, you are willing to work for it for free. Even if no one pays you or when you face tough times, you are willing to persist because you love to do it.

The sad truth is that most people are not passionate about their work. This is why most people will give up when the tough times come or choose to avoid their work when they do not feel like working.

If you are serious about becoming an extraordinary leader like Narendra Modi, you must express intense passion and enthusiasm with what you do. When you are enthusiastic and you love what you do, nothing and no one can stop you from moving forward.

Regardless of whether it is in politics or in business, if you want to be a great leader, you need to understand the people. In business, you need to understand your team and your customer. There is no way you can build a successful business without knowing what your team and your customers want.

Modi always knows this. And this is how he managed to win the trust of the people of India and hence, was elected as the Prime Minister of the country. During his tenure as chief minister in the state of Gujarat, the GDP growth rate of the state soared to a value above that of the country as a whole. And during Modi’s administration, Gujarat topped the World Bank’s “ease of doing business” rankings among all other Indian states.

Modi understands what the people want. He knows that the only way to win the election is to win the people’s heart. And to do that, he has to learn to be a great leader and to serve his country in a better way, which he did.

Most people understand and think that being a leader or a business owner is all about making all the profit. This is why many businesses fail in the first five years of their launch. They focus too much on making a profit and forget the most important key to success, which is to understand what the market, the customers, the clients, and the people want.

This leadership quality is so important, so necessary, that without it, leadership cannot exist. And this quality is confidence. Self-confidence is the fundamental basis of which leadership grows, without confidence, it will be like building houses on a foundation of sand.

Narendra Modi clearly demonstrates his confidence in his political career. He is confident that he can win the general election and focus on getting rid of corruption, played on his image as a politician who created a high GDP growth rate in Gujarat and portrays himself as a person who could bring development to India. It was Modi’s strong confidence level that won him the election and became the Prime Minister of the country.

When it comes to becoming a great leader, having a high level of confidence is vital. Imagine when you are leading a team and you lack confidence, what do you think your team will think of you. They will lose their faith and confidence in you too. As a result, people can never proceed further without confidence. They will act in their comfort zone and live in fear.

For the case of Modi, confidence is even more important because he is leading the entire country, not to mention the country with the second largest population in the world. And if he does not show confidence in what he does, the entire nation may suffer along with its people.

Another leadership quality you can learn from Modi is his long-term thinking and visionary leadership style. Under Modi’s administration, the Indian GDP grew tremendously and making it the world’s fastest-growing large economy, at a rate higher than China. In economic terms, Modi has a vision of making India a global manufacturing hub by introducing the “Make in India” initiative to encourage foreign companies to manufacture products in the country.

Besides that, it is also part of Modi’s plan to improve the overall public cleanliness in India. He has launched the “Clean India” campaign that aims to eliminate open defecation within five years. Millions of toilets have been constructed in rural areas to encourage people to use them. The government has a plan to construct 60 million toilets by 2019.

A leader should think long-term like Modi. Take a look at Elon Musk, he is famously known for his long-term thinking skill for wanting to use renewable energy and reduce pollution on Earth; hence, he created Tesla, the electric vehicle company. Not only that, he has the vision to colonize Mars in the near future. When you think about it, bringing people to Mars and living there is surely one of the big and crazy goals that ordinary people will never dream about.

And this quality is what you need to develop as a leader. Try to be visionary and think in longer terms. There is only so much you can do in the short term, thus, be a visionary leader and bring your plan to the people and your team.

Besides being a workaholic, Modi also shows his ability to adapt to the current technology. He has been using social media since years ago and is the second most-followed leader in the world, with over 34 million followers on Twitter.

Modi has made his appearance not only on Twitter but also Google Hangouts. His appearance there made him the first Indian politician to interact with netizens on live chat.

In this new Information Age, people love to connect with each other through social media and handling the speed of information is one of the factors to every leader’s success. Therefore, if you want to be a great and well-received leader by others, you must keep yourself updated and be able to adapt to the current situation.

By doing this, you will ensure your influence to the younger generation, which will contribute to your future success in what you do. Charles Darwin, the famous scientist once said, “It is not the strongest of the species that survives nor the most intelligent, it is the one that is the most adaptable to change.”

If you do not learn to adapt to change and the environment, you will be obsolete and soon be out of business. Look at the big businesses like Nokia, Motorola, and companies like Yahoo or Netscape. These were once big companies and the market leaders, but because they are unable to adapt, change, and evolve quickly enough, other players come in and claim a huge market share from them.

So develop the adaptability and learn to keep yourself up to date from time to time. As a leader, you should have the awareness of what is going on around you so that you can adapt and make changes before the change kills you.

Ever since he was young, Modi has shown his brilliant skill in public speaking. Modi had an early gift for rhetoric in debates and this was noted by his teachers and students. He is a great public speaker who can address the huge crowd confidently.

Of course, being the leader of a country, Modi needs to have an exceptional skill in public speaking. And the same goes for you. If you want to be a leader in your organization, you must be able to speak with confidence and act like a leader.

Public speaking skill is important because communication is the backbone of our society. And as a leader, the ability to speak with charisma allows you to win over the crowd, to motivate and influence people, and also to demonstrate your skill as a leader.

Many people are afraid when it comes to addressing the crowd in public. The good news is that public speaking is a skill, which means that you can develop it and become good at it. The key to improving this skill is to simply use it more often.

Just like Modi, he trained and developed his skill from an early age. When he was in school, he chose to perform and enrolled in debates than in his studies. This has made him a natural public speaker who is able to influence the crowd and gain trust from them.

As a political leader, Modi’s ability to speak has helped tremendously in his journey to becoming the Prime Minister of India. He is able to bring the right message to the people and somehow convince them that he is the right candidate to lead India. Without having the ability to communicate effectively, a leader cannot deliver a clear message to the followers, which will result in losing trust and influence.

In 2001, The BJP lost a few state assembly seats in the by-elections due to the allegations of abuse of power, corruption, and poor administration. And the BJP sought a new candidate for the chief ministership, and Modi was chosen as a replacement. Modi was offered the deputy chief minister by BJP leader, but he rejected the offer, saying he was “going to be fully responsible for Gujarat or not at all.” It was his decisiveness that made him the Chief Minister of Gujarat.

Being a great leader requires a lot of decision making. And it is the decision that you make each and every day that will define who you are. Ordinary people do not dare to make an extraordinary decision, and that is why they remain ordinary. Extraordinary people, on the other hand, are very decisive. They make their decision quickly and they are committed to it.

Warren Buffett is considered one the best investors in the world. He is known for his ability to pick the right stock for undervalued companies. However, what most people never notice is his another ability; to stick with his decision, that made him billions of dollars.

Everyone knows that the stock market prices changing rapidly. And most people lose money because they act according to the market sentiment or price fluctuation. The moment the stock they bought falls in prices and people around them shout “Sell”, they will be affected and go on to sell the stock. However, this does not happen to Warren Buffett.

Therefore, learn to be decisive and commit to the decision you have made. If you are spending a lot of time thinking about what to lunch and dinner, it simply means that your decision making skill is not well-polished enough. Learn to be like Modi, it is either you go big, or you go home.

In his early years, Modi met Lakshmanrao Inamdar, popularly known as Vakil Saheb, who introduced him to join RSS and became his first political mentor. During his time there, Modi also gets to meet with other political members of the BJP. Modi may not be the best networker in the world, but he considered networking a vital part of his political success.

When Modi left home and spent two years traveling across Northern and North-eastern India, he met many others who then shaped his life, including the Swami Vivekananda who founded the Hindu ashrams. Modi says that Vivekananda plays a vital role in influencing his life.

When you network with the right people, they can influence you and help you in your journey to achieving what you want in life. This is why networking is extremely important as a leader.

You can see that the leader of a country or a business travel overseas to meet with other leaders around the world to get to know each other. They want to network with other successful people so that they can support each other. And you have to do the same too.

In Modi’s early political career when India went through a state of emergency, he was forced to go underground in Gujarat and frequently traveled in disguise to avoid being caught. He also involved in distributing pamphlets opposing the government and organizing demonstrations. He was even forced to move in disguise, once dressing as a monk, and once as a Sikh.

This is the courage you need to have when it comes to being a true leader. There will be a lot of times when you will have to take risks or run away because of a tough situation, but to be a real leader, you must learn to be courageous in handling these circumstances.

Helen Keller has a great quote, “Nothing ventured, nothing gained.” You must dare to be the first to make the move and be willing to be called. Being a leader is not easy. You must have the courage when everything else is falling apart. And more importantly, you need to let go of your comfort zone to go further. Remember this, “You cannot discover new oceans unless you have the courage to lose sight of the shore.”

Modi has gone through many tough times, including the 2002 Gujarat riot. Those times may seem challenging, but they are necessary in order for you to develop the qualities of a great leader.

Finally, as a leader, you need to possess the charisma to lead. Modi projected himself as a strong, masculine leader, who would be able to handle difficult decisions. He has often been called a fashion-icon for his signature crisply ironed and half-sleeved kurta. Plus he also wears a suit embroidered with his name when he met with the then US President Barack Obama. The public has portrait Modi as someone scholarly, energetic, and also charismatic.

Pay attention to how the great leaders in the world dress, walk, talk, and presented themselves. You will see that they all possess a certain type of charisma. Do you aware that Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook and the youngest billionaire in the world wears the same shirt every time?

A true and successful leader always portrays himself as someone charismatic. They seem to have the energy to influence and motivate others into doing things that they desire. Just like Mahatma Gandhi, he may be poor, but he has the charisma to influence the millions of people across India and led them to their independence.

Charisma is the ability to attract, inspire, and motivate followers into taking action. Without charisma, there is no way you can attract and inspire others to do as you desire.

In the business world, charisma is important for a leader to inspire their employees to work for a greater cause. Think about it, most people prefer to work for big companies like Google and Microsoft because those companies seem to be able to make them feel proud. And that is the kind of charisma you need to develop as a leader.

When you are charismatic, people will listen to you and they will become your loyal fans. Modi has truly demonstrated his charismatic leadership style and went on to win the general election and become the 16th Prime Minister of India.

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What makes Narendra Modi such a special leader, how does he win India’s heart each time?

Opinion columnists.

India’s prime minister ignites a collective national romance among millions of Indians

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A recently conducted mood of the nation survey by India Today , a leading weekly magazine, has found that more than 78% of the people polled rate Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s performance as either outstanding or very good. He scores similarly high in every other parameter used by the surveyors.

This popularity exasperates his opponents at both ends of the spectrum. As the recent rebellion in the Congress against their party leadership highlights, Modi’s political opponents are exasperated at their inability to even come to grips with the challenge they face, leave alone put up a decent fight.

Analysts are equally befuddled. Their latest hope was the COVID-19 induced hardships may dent Modi’s popularity. With that hope also belied, and all other explanations falling flat, a senior political commentator has floated the time tested, but deeply flawed theory — Modi is popular because of TINA factor (there is no alternative).

This is our time. That we may face hardships on the way, that we may marginally falter sometimes, but if we persist, we can achieve whatever we want. That we can change the course of history. That is the sum total of Modi’s appeal. Modi wins because he epitomises the spirit of the ordinary Indian to do extraordinary deeds - Akhilesh Mishra

What is not answered by such analysts is why should Modi, of all people, coming as he does from a poor family and a socially disadvantaged group, not having gone to elite schools, not having any pre-existing support system in the corridors of power, and not having any godfather but being an entirely self-made man, enjoy TINA factor over a family entrenched into India politics for over 100 years and 5 generations and having ruled India for almost 60 out or 73 years of Independence?

But if TINA is not the reason to explain Modi’s popularity, then what is?

What do people look for in a leader? Honesty? Hard work? Big Ideas? Vision? Execution ability? Incorruptibility? Zero nepotism? Oratory skills? Willingness to listen? Putting national interest first?

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In almost any democratic contest, a leader who exhibits even three to four of these qualities almost invariably wins. But think of Modi and then think of which of these traits do not apply to him? Or do they all apply to him? But even then, is this the sole reason for Modi’s popularity.

For most politicians, immediate electoral compulsions drive their public engagements. If it is likely to bring votes, then they latch on to it, with or without conviction and the moment its use is over, they move on. What is Modi’s record in this?

The temple run by a prominent Indian politician before 2019 elections come to mind as one counter example. Elections over and him having lost his own family seat and his party routed, the temple run stopped as abruptly as it started.

Now consider Modi. He has made it a point to spend every Diwali, the festival of lights, among the people he serves. Be it spending it with Gujarat earthquake victims in 2001 or with Indian soldiers more recently, it is a lifelong conviction for him.

Modi’s fascination and respect

Modi’s fascination and respect, as some of his opponents have cynically alleged, for the Indian soldiers did not start with Balakot air strikes in 2019. He was attending to injured soldiers, way back, during the 1999 Kargil War, much before he assumed any elected office.

Modi’s compassion and drive to help in any which way, during a natural calamity did not exhibit itself just for his home state Gujarat, when he heroically turned around the earthquake hit Bhuj in 2001. Just a few months ago, he made it a point to immediately fly down to Odisha and West Bengal even at the peak of COVID-19 lockdown, when these states were recently hit by a severe cyclone.

Whether it be the massive floods in Kashmir in 2014 or the 2013 cloud-burst tragedy in Kedarnath or the recent evacuations of Indians stuck around the world due to COVID-19 induced lockdowns, Modi is always there, before any one else to help.

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As these examples show, his public engagements are not seasonal fads but driven by lifelong beliefs and value systems.

It is said that public memory is notoriously short. On the contrary, for political leaders, it is the collective public memory built over long periods, stretching back to decades, that first propels and then sustains their mass popularity. How does Modi’s conduct, over decades, inform the long-term collective memory about him?

Modi is perhaps the most abused Indian politician ever. Yet, he has never lost his composure. He has never turned cynical.

The top names of Indian opposition came together to petition the US government to deny Modi’s visa when he was the Gujarat Chief Minister. Any other politician would have justifiably been livid at this craven kowtowing in front of a foreign power.

But Modi did not let this come in the way of either his engagement with the US or the same Indian politicians, in matters of national interest.

Modi’s own party colleagues, former Chief Ministers of Gujarat, floated fronts to oppose him either covertly or even overtly. Yet, not once, did Modi ever utter a word against them. Ever. Instead, he would seek their blessings, after every election victory.

Cottage industry of hate

An entire cottage industry sprang to abuse and misuse every legal route available to somehow entrap Modi in the 2002 Gujarat riots. One legal route failed, and another front was opened. Yet, not once did Modi ever question, during these long years, the majesty of the legal process or not bow down to the finality of the power of the courts.

This despite every charge that was thrown at him was fake and concocted, as ultimately all courts, including the Supreme Court ruled. Contrast this with actions of others when they get an unfavourable judgement.

Modi comes from an underprivileged caste as well as from a poor family. Yet, not even his worst opponents can accuse him or ever playing any of these cards for his electoral appeal. There are a surfeit of caste-based parties in India, who take the easy route of appealing to the default caste divisions for electoral gains.

Modi has never played that game. In fact, his politics is about the extremely challenging strategy of inspiring people to rise above their default divisions and unite for a cause at one or two levels higher than their divisions.

There is an inherent romanticism in the dedication of generations of ordinary political workers and leaders to the extraordinary cause of nation building. As history has shown, it is the unwavering commitment of such romantics that changes the course of history. -

Over three decades of public life and never getting bogged down in a negative agenda but always conducting himself positively is what informs the collective memory of the people about Modi.

Politicians who have held public office for long are ultimately measured by their delivery and not just by their intangible qualities, howsoever good. Politicians get re-elected only if they positively change the ‘lived reality’ of people.

Mere rhetoric by a person in power cannot work as an alternative to actually lived reality, nor can any opposition rhetoric negate it. How does Modi fare in this?

Modi 2014 could arguably be a verdict of national level hope inspired by the Gujarat model of delivery. But five years down the line, Modi 2019 could not have been even a bigger victory if that hope did not translate into delivery.

Changing millions of lives

Almost 20 million families, who earlier lived more or less under open skies have now a pucca house (cemented, concrete roof house). How can any analyst convince these families that Modi government did not change their lives?

Or indeed what can they tell the 400 million people who are now financially empowered through new bank accounts or the 200 million people who earlier could not get business loans because they were too poor to offer any collaterals, but now get collateral free loans.

Or indeed, who can tell the women of rural India, where toilet coverage was 38% before Modi became PM, but is now 100%, that Modi government has not made a positive impact in their daily lives?

Or who can tell the Indian soldiers, who previously waited for over 40 years for One Rank One Pension (OROP), that Modi government, which delivered on this promise within the first year of its term, benefiting over 2 million soldiers, that Modi government has not delivered?

The fallacy of the commentators and indeed the opponents of Modi in analysing him is that they measure him by the standard politician's yardstick, which is wholly inadequate. Modi is not your standard, run-of-the-mill politician. This is the principal dichotomy that eludes the analysts but not the people.

People see Modi working hard, all day, every day, day-after-day, for the role that they have given him. Just like the people do in their own respective lives. They identify some part of themselves in Modi.

That is why they trust his intentions and believe in his ability. It is a trust earned through the ‘tapasya’ (dedication) of a lifetime.

The last tweet of Sushma Swaraj, India’s former foreign minister, just hours before she died was to thank Prime Minister Modi for fulfilling her lifelong dream of witnessing abrogation of Article 370 in her lifetime.

It was a dream that had animated generations of political activists but it was Modi’s persistence and ability that made it finally possible.

There is an inherent romanticism in the dedication of generations of ordinary political workers and leaders to the extraordinary cause of nation building. As history has shown, it is the unwavering commitment of such romantics that changes the course of history.

Modi ignites that collective national romance among millions of Indians. That this is our time. That we may face hardships on the way, that we may marginally falter sometimes, but if we persist, we can achieve whatever we want.

That we can change the course of history. That is the sum total of Modi’s appeal. Modi wins because he epitomises the spirit of the ordinary Indian to do extraordinary deeds.

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The Way of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Leadership

Essay, 2018, 12 pages, grade: 3, manisha kumari deep (author), prime minister narendra modi’s leadership style.

Dr. Manisha Kumari Deep

Leadership is usually used as a measuring tool for organizational success. All the responsibility of a successful leadership lies on the shoulder of a leader. A failed organization marks with the failure of an unsuccessful leadership. Here overview of leadership and successful traits of a leader followed by theories and styles of leadership have been discussed. Here a different concept on leadership already proposed is discussed. Self-organized leadership has been introduced here with an intension of change to be experimented by leaders and organizations for more success. Self-organized leadership will adapt the principles prevailing in the nature for seamless organization and leadership. I have tried to correlate the vision and leadership style of honourable Prime Minister Narendra Modi with self-organizing leadership style. I have discussed some of the major reforms and initiatives taken by him from existing long list like Digital India Mission, Swachh Bharat Mission, and Mann Ki Baat. He is regularly condemned as dangerous, a strongman, and a dictator by Indian and Western elites [24]. Here an attempt has been made to understand his leadership style which is quite different and versatile.

Keywords: leadership, self-organized leadership, self-organization, transactional leadership

Leadership is a term that we commonly come across while measuring the success of organizations. The success of an organization is sometimes seen with respect to its leader. The more successful a leadership is the better the organization is supposed to be. Basically a leader has a potential to persuade and influence others to achieve the target. Leadership is the ability of a superior to motivate the subordinates to work with zeal and confidence [6]. Leadership is a group work where two or more people interact with each other and leader is supposed to shape the behaviour of the group towards accomplishing organizational goals [2]. In short it can be stated that leadership is situation driven and there is no best style of leadership. Leadership depends upon handling situation in the best possible way for desired results.

Though there are many successful traits of a leader discussed by various authors but here I have discussed ten popular traits of a successful leader. While there are numerous theories and styles prevailing and being followed by leaders; but here I have covered ten widely known leadership theories and styles. An attempt has been made to uncover self-organized leadership theory for upcoming leaders and also successful leaders who can be related with self-organizing style of leadership. The theory has also been analysed with benefits and drawbacks.

Successful Traits of a Leader

Leadership is an important management function and a leader has various roles like [1]:

1. Initiating action 2. Communicating policies and plans to subordinates 3. Motivating the employees with rewards in return of their work 4. Assigning roles and responsibilities to subordinates 5. Listening to their problems and their complains 6. Boosting their confidence 7. Building healthy work environment 8. Achieving co-ordination by reconciling personal interests with organizational goals 9. Being consistent with the team 10. Better growth and assessment can be attained by being honest and communicating effectively 11. One has to be flexible to new ideas and approach 12. A strong vision and being consistent on about the same is very important

These are some of the qualities of a successful leader. Leadership is a unique approach and some qualities can be different from leader to leader. The underlying principle is the growth and development of individuals and organizations. In the next section theories and styles of leadership is being discussed.

Theories and Styles of Leadership

Leadership is about coping with change. There are many ways by which people tend to lead their organizations or work force. Not all styles will work for all kinds of situation. You will have to choose the right one. In this section some of the popular leadership styles are discussed below [4] [7]:

1. Autocratic Leadership: It is leader centric style where the leader holds all authority and responsibility. Here the leaders solely take all decisions and that is communicated to the subordinates. The subordinates need to implement immediately. Under this leadership and policy, procedure or guideline are natural additions. Though this type of leadership is not widely followed but some leaders do follow it like Donald Trump (Trump Organization) and John D. Rockefeller (Standard Oil Founder). Autocratic leadership style can vary from strict authoritarian military leaders to modern manufacturing department leaders. This leadership style can be stifling, overbearing, and demoralizing. It can be effective when decisions are made quickly and prevents organizations from being stagnant. 2. Democratic leadership: This is opposite of an autocratic leadership style. Here subordinates are involved in decision making. Though a democratic leader holds final responsibility but the role or responsibility is delegated by the leader. Participation from others is key to success in a democratic organization. Leaders with democratic leadership style is Steve Jobs (Apple) and Dr. William Mayo of Mayoclinic. 3. Strategic leadership: This leadership style involves a leader who is the head of an organization. But this leadership style is not restricted to top level, instead it is applicable to all levels for improving performance. Strategic leadership is widely practised by military services eg. U.S. Airforce, U.S. army etc. 4. Transformational leadership: Transformational leadership is about change initiation in organizations and individuals. Transformational leaders motivates individuals to do beyond their capacity and thought. They empower their followers. Nelson Mandela and Walt Disney are examples of Transformational leaders. 5. Team leadership: In this type of leadership the leaders create a picture of prosperous future and when and for what it will stand for in coming days. It does not recognize trust in cooperative relationships. The challenge is to make this leadership work which involves working with heart, mind of its group members. Ineffective leadership can dismantle the team. Example of team leadership can be found all around the world like the United Arab Emirates. 6. Cross-Cultural leadership: This exists where there are multiple cultures existing in the society. Cross-cultural leadership involves leaders who are efficient in working in diverse environments. Leadership style prevalent in United States are cross-cultural and has cross-cultural leadership style. 7. Facilitative leadership: This leadership style is dependent on outcomes and measurements. It is not skill dependent. Depending on the group performance, facilitative leadership communication patterns to help the group will be guiding, motivating and helping the group to function. Facilitative leaders use indirect communication patterns to help the group reach consensus. It encourages understanding and appreciation to build between team members, management and employees. 8. Laissez-Faire leadership: In this leadership authority is given to the employees. It works well in case of highly trained and motivated direct employees. It is basically used to minimize face time. Eg. Mahatma Gandhi 9. Transactional leadership: In this style of leadership the leaders maintains the status hierarchy. Here if the leader’s orders are carried out with immediate effect then rewards are given. Transactional leadership includes clarification on expectation and allocation of rewards on meeting set objectives. It is prevalent in large bureaucratic organizations where political considerations happen frequently, for e.g. Dave Lewis Tesco. 10. Coaching leadership: This leadership is based on teaching and supervising followers. Coaching leadership motivates, inspires and encourages its followers. It helps people to improve knowledge and skills. An example of this leadership is Andrew Carnegic (Philanthropist). 11. Self-Organized Leadership [19]: The important point is what self-organization means in a business environment. It doesn’t mean that workers will govern and have authority to make business decisions without any manager engineering the whole process. But it means controlling and monitoring the evolving behaviour and results for the smooth functioning of the organization. It’s not an overnight process or task but a continuous process which has to evolve with situation and task. The whole process will repeat itself till an equilibrium is attained. Self-organizing leadership is not about assigning or monitoring the work or decision making for every task but it is about pointing the requirement and the team selecting its task as per there expertise and requirement and working on them till accomplishment [18]. Instead of the leader choosing the team members and assigning the task, workers or employees study the requirement and expected output and choose their role in accomplishing the task. Here the leaders just tracks the result towards attaining the desired output. The team interacts and evolves as per the demand to accomplish the task.

Correlation between Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership style and self-organized leadership style

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is a huge success, both at economic and political front. The economy is booming, and Narendra Modi is the most popular Indian leader since Mahatma Gandhi, both inside and outside the country [24]. Some of vibrant qualities of a leader can be taken as an example from the respected Prime Minister of India Shri Narendra Modi. His style of leadership is simple yet organized. He takes care of farmers as well as doctors and businessmen. Shri Narendra Modi has a very humble background and has his roots from a small town of Vadnagar in India. His journey to the most respected position of Prime Minister of India is remarkable. His tough (and sometimes unpopular) economic reforms have put India on track to be the world's fastest-growing major economy in 2018 [24]. Here I have tried to correlate PM Narendra Modi’s leadership style with self-organizing leadership style.

In self-organizing leadership the leader depending on the situation and task will self-organize itself based on the feedback be it positive or negative. In case of negative feedback the whole process is repeated till positive feedback and results are attained. Here each component has its own importance and responsibility. Instead of monitoring day to day tasks and decision making the leaders role shifts in monitoring the behaviour and continuously adapt to changing environment.

illustration not visible in this excerpt

Figure 1: Structure of Self-Organized Leadership

Shri Narendra Modi’s effort into politics has been a constant effort and not an overnight turn up. His vision and actions were not just systematic but also organized. With no strong political family background, he managed to lead one of the world’s largest democracy. He has been working hard on his dreams of making India a successful economy. Right from his foresightedness for Demonitization, to making Adhaar card mandatory and his Swachh Bharat Initiative of making India clean. All of these shows his long term planning and vision along with organized working pattern. Prime Minister Narendra Modi as a leader has almost all the citizens of the country working as his team to make his vision and mentioned task a success. Also he gathering their inputs, opinions and feedback to revamp.

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Essay On Narendra Modi

Table of Contents

Narendra Damodaran Modi presently serves as 15th Prime Minister of India’s , having taken office on May 26, 2014. Before assuming the role of Prime Minister, he held the esteemed position of Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014. In addition to his role as Prime Minister, he is also the Member of Parliament representing Varanasi. For those interested, here are some sample essays that search into different facets of Narendra Modi’s leadership.

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Essay On Narendra Modi – Short Essay

He has become a leader focused on progress without any hindrance. Narendra Damodardas Modi was born on September 17, 1950. He is an important person who has demonstrated that success isn’t tied to a person’s social class or where they come from.

Essay On Narendra Modi 100 Words

Narendra Modi currently serves as India’s Prime Minister since 2014. He belongs to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). Modi is well-known for his strong leadership and his emphasis on making the country’s economy and security better. He’s introduced various plans to enhance the lives of Indians, like ‘ Make in India ‘ and ‘ Digital India .’ Modi has also worked on building better relationships with other nations, especially through his ‘Act East policy’ and events like ‘International Yoga Day.’ While he’s had some disagreements due to his party’s beliefs and decisions, his supporters believe he’s done a good job in improving the nation’s economy and infrastructure.

Essay On Narendra Modi 200 Words

Narendra Modi is a globally recognized leader celebrated for his strong leadership qualities. Many world leaders view him as a successful and influential figure. His bold and resolute actions have contributed significantly to his success as India’s Prime Minister. What sets him apart is his clear vision, mission, and plans to uplift the country, which resonate with the people and earn their votes.

As India’s Prime Minister, Narendra Modi is known for his optimism and deep-rooted religious beliefs and traditions. His remarkable tenure, one of the longest outside the Congress party, attests to his leadership prowess. Under his guidance, the Bharatiya Janata Party currently governs 17 Indian states and 2 Union territories. However, it’s important to note that his right-wing political ideology garners both praise and criticism simultaneously.

In summary, Narendra Modi’s exceptional leadership, characterized by his unwavering determination and clear goals for India’s progress, has made him a respected global figure. His religious convictions and the party’s substantial presence in various regions underscore his influence in Indian politics. Nonetheless, his right-leaning political stance sparks mixed reactions from the public and experts alike.

Long Essay On Narendra Modi 300 Words

Mr. Narendra Damodardas Modi is currently the 15th Prime Minister of India. He has been leading our country since May 26, 2014. Before becoming Prime Minister, he served as the Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014. He is also a Member of Parliament (MP) representing Varanasi. Mr. Modi is the leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), a popular political party in India.

In the 2014 general election, Mr. Modi and the BJP won a majority in the Lok Sabha, which was a significant victory as it was the first time a party had achieved such a feat since 1984

Narendra Modi, the current Prime Minister of India, was born in Vadnagar, Gujarat, into a modest family. Even from a young age, he had a strong interest in politics. After finishing his education in his hometown, he decided to join an organization called Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), well-known in our country. During his earlier years, he was determined and not particularly interested in marriage. He dedicated his life to serving his country. At the age of 17, Narendra Modi decided to travel across the country to gain knowledge while helping others. He greatly admired the ideas of Swami Vivekananda.

He often emphasizes, “In the modern era, knowledge is crucial. Regardless of a country’s wealth or power, knowledge is the key to progress.”

The Life Journey

Narendra Modi’s life story is an inspiration to all Indians. He rose from a humble background as a tea seller to become the Prime Minister of India. He is a leader focused on development. Narendra Damodardas Modi was born on September 17, 1950. He’s a prominent figure who showed us that success isn’t tied to the caste system or one’s background.

Narendra Modi is known for his strategic abilities and offers hope to billions in India. He values hard work and supports the working class. He is the proud son of Late Damodardas Mulchand Modi and Heeraben Damodardas Modi. Notably, he made history by being in office while his mother was alive, a rare occurrence among prime ministers.

In April 2020, Narendra Modi, the current Prime Minister of India, became the most popular world leader on Facebook, surpassing even US President Donald Trump. He took the top spot among global leaders in the fight against the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, ensuring the safety and well-being of Indian citizens and extending essential aid to other nations.

Following the pandemic, Prime Minister Narendra Modi established a dedicated Ministry of AYUSH, which now provides medicines to other countries.

Under his strong leadership, Article 370, which granted special status to the former state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), was revoked. Narendra Modi’s leadership has received praise from world leaders, international organizations, philanthropists, Nobel laureates, and more.

Modiji received the UN’s highest environmental honor, the Champion of the Earth award, in October 2018. In February 2019, he was honored with the prestigious Seoul Peace Prize 2018 for his contributions to global cooperation and economic growth. On April 12, 2019, he also received the Order of St. Andrew, Russia’s highest civilian decoration.

In the 2019 general election, during his second term as Prime Minister of India, he campaigned on the platform of “Nationalism” and received strong support from the voters.

Essay On Narendra Modi 500 Words

Narendra Modi serves as a significant inspiration for many people in India. His ideas and beliefs are widely recognized. Notably, he has gained popularity not only in India but also in countries like the USA and Russia, two influential nations worldwide.

Modi’s positive attitude and his ability to take on challenges have had a significant impact on our country. Furthermore, his skill in addressing crowds and expressing his thoughts makes him an outstanding politician.

Narendra Modi has numerous fans both in India and in other countries. This is because he frequently visits different nations throughout the year to discuss India’s economic and diplomatic relations with them.

Life Story of Narendra Modi

Narendra Modi was born on September 17, 1950, in Vadnagar, Gujarat, India. His full name is Narendra Damodardas Modi. He came from a middle-class family, with his father named Mool Chand Modi and his mother named Hiraben. At the age of 13, he got engaged to Jasoda Ben Chaman Lal, and he married her when he was 17.

In his early years, Narendra Modi joined an organization called RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh) and worked there for many years. He was dedicated to serving the people and became a role model for many Hindus.

In 1987, Narendra Modi joined the BJP (Bharatiya Janta Party), which marked the beginning of his political career. Within a year, he was appointed as a general secretary in Gujarat. Through his hard work and dedication, he helped the party gain significant recognition and achieve milestones.

Narendra Modi – India’s Prime Minister

In the 2014 General Elections, Narendra Modi achieved a significant victory, making him the 15th Prime Minister of India. He was the first prime minister in a long time to secure an absolute majority of votes. On May 26, 2014, he took the oath of office as the Prime Minister, marking a significant moment for the nation. His leadership ushered in several constitutional amendments, and Modi is known for his visionary thinking, particularly his dream of a ‘Digital India

He launched several initiatives to promote his vision, including efforts to combat corruption in India. One of his significant moves was the decision to implement demonetization nationwide.

This meant that the existing currency notes would no longer be valid, and people had to exchange them for new ones by depositing their money in their bank accounts. This was a significant moment in India’s history.

Additionally, he launched various campaigns to enhance women’s safety, such as the Anti-Romeo Squad to catch those harassing women on the streets.

Furthermore, he introduced a major change in the country’s laws. The punishment for a pedophile rapist was changed to the death penalty by hanging. These actions earned him recognition as an exceptional prime minister, leading to his re-election in the 2019 general elections.

10 Pointers to Write PM Narendra Modi Essay

• Narendra Damodardas Modi is a renowned Indian politician who has been serving as India’s Prime Minister since 2014.
• Born on September 17, 1950, Modi’s life story is truly inspiring.
• He hails from Vadnagar, Gujarat, where he spent his early years.
• He is widely praised for his efforts in promoting economic growth and for his effective administration.
• Since taking office as Prime Minister, India has been on a path of development in various areas.
• Modi became a member of the RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh) in 1971 in Gujarat.
• In 2001, he was appointed as the Chief Minister of Gujarat by his party.
• In the 2014 General Elections, Narendra Modi won by a significant margin, becoming the 14th Prime Minister of India.
• His consistent and dedicated work as Prime Minister has contributed to India’s status as one of the world’s leading nations.
• India and its citizens are fortunate to have a leader like Narendra Modi!

Also Read: Digital Gujarat Scholarship 2023

Essay on Narendra Modi FAQs

What is the short paragraph about our honourable prime minister mr. narendra modi.

Our respected Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi, is a prominent leader known for his efforts to promote India's development and combat corruption.

Who is the short note of our Prime Minister?

India's Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi, is a dedicated leader working towards India's progress and integrity.

Who is the PM of India paragraph?

Mr. Narendra Modi currently serves as India's Prime Minister, leading the nation with his vision for growth and a corruption-free India.

What do you know about Narendra Modi in 10 lines?

Narendra Modi is India's Prime Minister, renowned for his initiatives in economic development and anti-corruption measures. He implemented demonetization, aimed at curbing corruption, and initiated campaigns for women's safety. He also toughened laws against pedophile rapists, earning him recognition as an outstanding leader. In 2019, he was re-elected as India's Prime Minister.

India's Prime Minister is Mr. Narendra Modi, a leader dedicated to the nation's progress and committed to addressing corruption and promoting development.

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Essay on Leadership Qualities of Narendra Modi

Narendra Damodardas Modi or Narendra Modi is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) who is presently serving as the 14th Prime Minister of India. His exceptional leadership qualities make him immensely popular among the masses.

Short and Long Essay on Leadership Qualities of Narendra Modi in English

I have given below three essays of varying lengths on the leadership qualities of Narendra Modi.

Leadership Qualities of Narendra Modi Essay 10 Lines (100 – 150 Words)

1) Narendra Modi is serving as the current Prime Minister of India.

2) Narendra Modi always accepts suggestions from people making him a good listener.

3) His speech influences the public towards him.

4) We can see his hard work behind the success.

5) Narendra Modi is a quick decision-maker.

6) The down to earth nature of Modi makes him a good leader.

7) Narendra Modi is always loved for his long-term vision.

8) His intelligence and cleverness can be seen during the times of the pandemic.

9) His confidence and enthusiasm make him a good leader for people.

10) His positive attitude made him Prime Minister from Chief Minister.

Essay 1 (250 Words) – Significant Leadership Qualities of Narendra Modi

Introduction

Narendra Damodardas Modi is the Prime Minister of India, who is currently serving his 14 th term. Before being swore as the Prime Minister, he was serving as the Chief Minister of the state of Gujarat. In the essay, we will discuss some of the significant leadership qualities of Narendra Modi.

A Good Listener

A good leader has also to be a good listener. Narendra Modi is known for his ability to listen to anyone who has a suggestion. He often seeks advice on significant issues from his twitter handle. Anyone is welcomed to advice to the Prime Minister.

An Influencer

Narendra Modi is an influencer; he gains attention from almost everyone who listens to his speech. Whether he talks about patriotism or national issues, people do listen to him patiently and attentively. He connects with the masses in a very professional way as if he knows their problems by heart.

Curiosity and Adaptability

Another quality of Narendra Modi is that he displays the curiosity of a child who is still in the learning phase of life. He adapts to technological advancement too well and also inspires people for the same. Narendra Modi is the person who coined the idea of ‘digital India’ and digitalized every functioning department under the government.

There are very few leaders in the world who are as charismatic and as popular as Narendra Modi. It is true that a leader is made after years of struggle and hardship and a life spent in the public domain.

Essay 2 (400 Words) – Exceptional Leadership Qualities of Narendra Modi

Narendra Modi or Narendra Damodardas Modi is the 14 th Prime Minister of India. He had also served as the 14 th Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014 before he was elected as the Member of Parliament for Lok Sabha. He is a man with exceptional leadership qualities as we will discuss in this essay.

Even those from the opposition praise Narendra Modi for his conduct and oratorical qualities. Modi has an exceptional quality to connect to the masses, especially with the poor and marginalized sections. In all his speeches, he mentions the problems faced by the underprivileged sections, in such a way that the people confide in him. They believe that their Prime Minister has genuine intentions and is willing to uplift their status.

• Foresightedness

Apart from making decisions and forming policies, a Prime Minister also needs to be foresighted, that is he/she must implement policies and make necessary changes in the law, keeping in mind the future of the country and its people. Call it mere coincidence or perfect future planning, that some of the decisions of Narendra Modi had proved extremely useful, a couple of years down the line. One example is Jan Dhan Khata for the poor and the farmers. At the time of its implementation, the scheme was highly criticized as one of the election gimmicks of Modi. But, its usefulness was witnessed only during the lockdown when millions of laborers and farmers faced sudden unemployment. Only in their Jan Dhan accounts the government has transferred over 7000 crore financial aid.

• A Workaholic

Working hard is one of the significant qualities displayed by world leaders. That is what makes people confide in them and respect them. Narendra Modi is no exception – he works late hours at night and sleeps only for a couple of hours. He also gets up before dawn and starts his office work by 9 A.M. every day. He is also well known for doing regular rallies continuously, throughout the country, tirelessly for days. Even after days of travel, he never looked tired or weary. These abilities of him make him an instant hit with the masses.

Narendra Modi is a man with exceptional leadership qualities. These qualities he has gained only through his early life experiences and his political experience as well. He is a man with exceptional leadership qualities and is the most popular political leader of India.

Essay 3 (500 – 600 Words) – Qualities that make Narendra Modi Different from Other Leaders

Narendra Damodardas Modi is the current and 14th Prime Minister of India. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) on his second term since 2014. He is known for his leadership qualities and decision-making skills. In this essay, we will discuss the leadership qualities that separate him from other leaders.

• Down to Earth

A leader, who had emerged through struggles and hardships, has special respect among the masses. This is exactly the case with Narendra Modi. As a child, his life was hard and poverty-ridden. He helped his father at the tea stall that the latter owned. They sold tea at the Vadnagar Railway station in the Gujarat state. Modi even sold tea inside the trains when they halted at the station. Having faced poverty in childhood, he is well aware of the difficulties faced by the poor of India and is able to effectively address their grievance as the Prime Minister.

• Connects With Masses

Another leadership quality of Narendra Modi is that he connects too well with the masses. He has a liking for reaching out to people, especially children, whenever and wherever, the situation permits. During the Republic Day and Independence Day celebrations he is often seen motivating and speaking to the school children. His regard for the lowers workers of society is exceptional. He even washed feet of sweepers and cleaners employed during the 2019 Ardh Kumbh Mela held at Prayagraj. This act of the Prime Minister was highly appreciated and also made him more popular among the lower civil workers.

• Exceptional Orator

A good leader to be a good orator as well – This is in fact one of the most significant qualities of a leader. Modi is an excellent speaker, who chooses his words very cleverly. He addresses the poor and the middle classes of India – people who are more than 75% of the country’s population. He speaks about the problems faced by them – poverty, inflation, unemployment, and all. He also communicates all the plans of his government, to improve the condition of the poor in India and to generate employment. His oratorical skills have made him so popular that his rallies are attended by thousands, sometimes even millions of his supporters.

• An Optimist

Another moist significant quality of Narendra Modi is the optimism he carries in his attitude and conduct. However grave a situation may be, he always looks composed, confident, and hopeful of getting the country out of the situation. That’s what the people want! In a challenging situation, a confused and bewildered Prime Minister would be the last thing the nation and its people would want. His confidence in demanding situations gives confidence to the 130 million strong nations that are why they confide in him.

• Decision Maker

Narendra Modi is a quick decision-maker as the leaders must be. He didn’t show any apprehensions in taking decisions good for the general interest of the nation and its people. Be it 2016 demonetization, or the surgical strike, the same year, he displayed an exceptional decision making skill. He didn’t care for the risk factors if the decision holds the general interest of the public. That is how a leader should be. Actually decision making skill is what separates leaders with commoners. Narendra Modi never hesitates in making a decision and that is a major factor behind his popularity.

Narendra Modi exhumes confidence, clarity of thoughts, positive attitude, and exceptional courage when it comes to decision making. All of these qualities make him the most popular Prime Minister and above all a mass leader of India.

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Essay on Narendra Modi

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Important Points : Introduction - Early life of Narendra Modi - Education of Modi ji - Entry of Modi ji into politics - Becoming Prime Minister - His journey from Chief Minister to Prime Minister - Work of Modi ji - Achievements of Narendra Modi ji - Conclusion.

The current Prime Minister of our country and the 14th Prime Minister of India, Narendra Damodar Das Modi is a great leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Today he is not only the prime minister of our country but also a well-known politician all over the world. He went abroad and established friendship with all the big countries. Modi ji has contributed a lot in the development of India.

The current Prime Minister of our country, Narendra Modi, was born on 17 September 1950 in Vadnagar town of Gujarat. His full name is "Narendra Damodar Das Modi". His mother's name was Hiraben and father's name was Damodar Das Moolchand Modi. Narendra Modi's childhood has been full of struggle. The financial condition of his family was bad. His father used to run a tea shop. Modi used to help them. That's why Narendra Modi is called the Prime Minister of tea seller.

Modi ji studied in a school named Bhagvatacharya Narayanacharya in Vadnagar. He passed the MA examination in Political Science in 1980. According to his teachers, Modi ji was an average student in studies. Were. But he was very good at some activities like drama, acting and debate and also took a lot of interest.

When he was young, he joined an organization of students called Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad. Then he also participated in the Navnirman movement against corruption. He was a good orator. He started attending the meetings of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh from an early age.

After working for the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh for a long time, Modi ji was finally elected as the organization secretary of the Gujarat unit of the Bharatiya Janata Party. In 1995, Modi was elected as the National Secretary of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was shifted to Delhi. In 2001 AD, he became the Chief Minister of Gujarat. Unfortunately Godhra incident happened in 2002 AD. Because of that Modi ji faced many criticisms. His cabinet resigned.

But, in 2002, the Bharatiya Janata Party won the election again. Modi ji took oath as the Chief Minister for the second term. At this time he laid relatively more emphasis on the economic development of Gujarat. Corruption decreased. He established several financial and technical parks in the state. Gujarat became a good investment destination. Underground water conservation projects were encouraged. Agriculture was developed.

In 2014 AD, Modi ji became the Prime Minister of India. They are working for the progress of the country. He has introduced many new policies. He has strengthened relations with foreign nations. Policies like Make in India, Digital India program etc. have received positive response all over the world. His step taken against black money has been appreciated all over the world. In 2019, he was again sworn in as the Prime Minister.

Due to his work done in Gujarat, he gained fame not only in Gujarat but in the whole country. The whole country started praising his work and governance. Meanwhile, in the year 2014, Modi ji contested for the post of Prime Minister on behalf of the Bharatiya Janata Party. During this election, he gave speeches at many places and appealed to the people of India to vote, so that they can serve the people by doing important work for the progress of the whole country. His confident personality and leadership ability made everyone admire him.

As a result, the BJP government won 282 seats with a majority and Narendra Modi became the 15th Prime Minister of India. Everyone was surprised that the child who used to sell tea at the railway station in childhood, today he will take charge of the whole country by becoming the Prime Minister.

He also became the first politician of India to have a 'live chat' with all the citizens, which is a proud thing for our country. He is a role model for every person whether it is a child or a youth. Modi ji is the fourth such leader in the world who is so famous on this social networking website. In this way, after hard work, struggle and winning the hearts of the people, he went from Chief Minister to Prime Minister.

He did a lot of work in the interest of the country during his tenure and continues to do so even today. He made rules for strict action against corruption such as demonetisation, which exposed the corrupt and reduced corruption in the country. Modi ji emphasized on the education of children and women, so that the future of India can be bright. In the agricultural country of India, the condition of the farmers was not good, so they made many schemes in the interest of the farmers, which benefited many farmers.

He also did many things for the poor, helpless and handicapped persons to help them and also brought many schemes for them. Not only this, he worked to make women self-reliant. Build friendly relations abroad and encouraged them in trade and industry. Not only this, Modi ji made laws from time to time for the defense of the country and encouraged the soldiers by giving them all kinds of help.

Made a lot of efforts to provide education and employment to all and implemented many rules and schemes for this. To provide employment to the younger generation, schemes like Make in India, Skill India, Start up India etc. were started and along with this, home industries and small scale industries were also encouraged. He started the Digital India campaign, under which all the work was done digitally and information and communication technology was promoted. Many villages and cities were linked with digitization. Metro rail service was started in many places in India and facilities were made available at the stations.

He also started the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, in which he gave the message of cleanliness to the whole of India and asked to contribute in it. Many big industrialists and Bollywood actors also contributed significantly in this campaign. In view of this, all the Indians supported him and special attention was given to cleanliness everywhere in the country. Modi ji has developed by doing many such works.

Narendra Modi In his political career, he has become the Prime Minister of the country for two consecutive terms after becoming the Chief Minister of Gujarat state for four consecutive times. This is the biggest achievement of Narendra Modi. With this continuous victory chariot of Narendra Modi, the foundation of BJP is getting stronger and the opposition party is getting weaker. Modiji has received many national and international awards and honours. Modi has not only liked Indians with his skill power and the effect of his speech, but today Modi is also being liked abroad. Every year Modi gets an invitation to attend foreign conferences. Provided toilets to all for open defecation free and has run a scheme to provide pension to old people. In this way, many schemes have been started for the education and security of the girl child.

Today our country and the world is fighting an epidemic like Corona. There are big annoyances in this pandemic. Narendra Modi continues to control our country. In this epidemic, Modi government is helping every needy. Every necessary item is being delivered to them.

When Narendra Modi was asked to mention his success, he gave credit to hard thinking and hard work. Narendra Modi considers self-confidence as his strength. Narendra Modi has run many schemes to help the poor, farmers, backward people and unemployed people of the country, in which in many schemes narendra modi has given housing to the citizens of the country. We hope that they will continue to work for the progress and development of the country. Our best wishes are always with him.

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Essay On Student Development under the leadership of Narendra Modi as Chief Minister of Gujarat and Prime Minister of India

Hello Friend’s, In this post “ Essay On Student Development under the leadership of Narendra Modi as Chief Minister of Gujarat and Prime Minister of India “, We will read about Student Development under the leadership of Narendra Modi as Chief Minister of Gujarat And Prime Minister of India as an Essay in Details . So…

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Mr. Narendra Damodardas Modi is the present and 15th Indian prime minister. He has been serving our nation since 26th May 2014 as a Prime Minister Of India.

From the year 2001 to 2014, before taking over Delhi, he served the role of Honorable Chief Minister of Gujarat. He is a Member of the Parliament (MP) who represents the city of Varanasi.

He is the leader of the popular Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). In the 2014 general election, BJP, led by Narendra Modi, gained the majority in the Lok Sabha. This was the first such major win for a political party since 1984.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi was born in a lower-middle-class family at Vadnagar, Gujarat. He had a keen interest in politics since the early days of his childhood.

After completing his higher education in his hometown, he decided to join Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. This is popularly known as RSS in our country.

During his earlier ages of life, he was headstrong and was not that keen on the concept of marriage. Since then, he has dedicated his entire life to his motherland.

At the age of 17, Narendra Modi decided to travel around the country and gain knowledge while helping others. Mr. Modi is a great admirer of the ideologies of Swami Vivekananda.

Narendra Modi is arguably the most popular political leader in the country, which has resulted in his electoral victories, from the state to national elections.

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Mr. Narendra damodardas modi is the present and 15th Indian prime minister. He has been serving our nation since 26th May 2014 as a prime minister of India from the year 2001 to 2014 before taking over delhi he served the role of honorable chief minister of Gujarat he is a member of the parliament(MP) who represents the city of varanasi

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Guest Essay

Modi’s Temple of Lies

By Siddhartha Deb

Mr. Deb is the author of the novel “The Light at the End of the World.”

The sleepy pilgrimage city of Ayodhya in northern India was once home to a grand 16th-century mosque, until it was illegally demolished by a howling mob of Hindu militants in 1992. The site has since been reinvented as the centerpiece of the Hindu-chauvinist “ new India ” promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

In 2020, as Covid-19 raged unchecked across the country, Mr. Modi, the leader of the Hindu right, went to Ayodhya to inaugurate construction of a three-story sandstone temple to the Hindu god Ram on the site of the former mosque. Dressed in shiny, flowing clothes and wearing a white N95 mask, he offered prayers to the Ram idol and the 88-pound silver brick being inserted as the foundation stone.

I traveled to Ayodhya a year later and watched as the temple was hurriedly being built. But it seemed to me to offer not the promise of a new India so much as the seeds of its downfall.

Mr. Modi’s Hindu nationalism has fed distrust and hostility toward anything foreign, and the receptionists at my hotel were sullenly suspicious of outsiders. There was no hotel bar — a sign of Hindu virtue — and the food served was pure vegetarian, a phrase implying both Hindu caste purity and anti-Muslim prejudice.

Outside, devotional music blared on loudspeakers while bony, manure-smeared cows, protected by Hindu law, wandered waterlogged streets in the rain. The souvenir shops at the temple displayed a toxic Hindu masculinity, highlighted by garish shirts featuring images of a steroid-fed Ram, all bulging muscles and chiseled six-packs. Even Hanuman, Ram’s wise but slightly mischievous monkey companion, appeared largely in the snarling Modi-era version known as Angry Hanuman , which went viral in 2018 after Mr. Modi praised the design.

After a decade of rule by Mr. Modi and his Bharatiya Janata Party, Hindu-majority India maintains the facade of a democracy and has so far avoided the overt features of a theocracy. Yet, as Ayodhya revealed, it has, for all practical purposes, become a Hindu state. Adherence to this idea is demanded from everyone, whether Hindu or not.

This is not sustainable, even if it seems likely that Mr. Modi will ride to a third victory in national parliamentary elections that begin Friday and conclude June 1. Mr. Modi’s India is marked by rampant inequality, lack of job prospects, abysmal public health and the increasing ravages of climate change. These crises cannot be addressed by turning one of the world’s most diverse countries into a claustrophobic Hindu nation.

Perhaps even the prime minister and his party can sense this. Their crackdowns on opposition political leaders, manipulation of electoral rolls and voting machines and freezing of campaign funds for opposition parties are not the actions of a confident group.

In January of this year, a wave of Hindu euphoria swept the nation as the temple I had watched being put together with cement and lies (there is no conclusive evidence supporting Hindu claims that Ram was a historical figure or that a temple to him previously stood there) was about to be inaugurated .

Newspapers devoted rapturous front pages to the coming occasion, and when I flew to my former home Kolkata on the eve of the big day, my neighbors there declared their anticipation by setting off firecrackers late into the night. The next morning, on Jan. 22, loudspeakers and television screens tracked me through the city with Sanskrit chants and images of the ceremony taking place at the temple. Mr. Modi, as usual, was at the center of every visual. Friends in Delhi and Bangalore complained about insistent neighbors and strangers knocking on their doors to share celebratory sweets. Courts, banks, schools, stock markets and other establishments in much of the country took a holiday.

The inauguration date seems to have been chosen carefully to overshadow Republic Day, on Jan. 26, which commemorates India’s adoption of its Constitution, amended in 1976 to affirm the country as a “socialist, secular, democratic” republic. Those values are fiercely in opposition to what Hindu nationalism has ushered in. The temple inauguration date, which will be celebrated annually, reduces the republic to secondary status next to Mr. Modi’s Hindu utopia.

A similar effort has been underway to diminish the importance of Aug. 15, marking Indian independence in 1947. In 2021, Mr. Modi announced that Aug. 14 would henceforth be Partition Horrors Remembrance Day, referring to the bloody division of the country into Hindu-majority India and an independent Muslim Pakistan in 1947, a murderous affair for Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs alike.

This was sold to the Indian public as underlining the need for unity, but it was also a reminder from Hindu nationalists that a section of Muslims broke off to form their own nation and that the loyalties of India’s remaining 200 million Muslims were suspect. Given that Hindu rightists participated in massacres, rapes and forced displacement during the partition, Mr. Modi’s weaponization of the suffering seems particularly reprehensible. I was born to a Hindu family, and my father, a refugee from the partition, never blamed Muslims his entire life.

There have been countless other such stratagems with the Hindu right in power. The old Parliament building, whose design features refer to India’s syncretic history — Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim and Christian — was replaced last year by a new structure that explicitly reduces India’s past to a monochromatic Hindu one.

In the new Parliament, the lotus flower, common in Hindu iconography and the symbol of the Bharatiya Janata Party, runs amok as a motif. A statue atop the building of four back-to-back lions — India’s national symbol and a look back at its Buddhist past — has been altered so that the lions are no longer serene and meditative, as in the original, but snarling, hypermuscular Hindu beasts . Everywhere in India, roads and cities have been renamed to sever connections to centuries of Muslim history in favor of a manufactured Hindu one. On new highways through the state of Uttar Pradesh, where I traveled last summer, gleaming signboards pointed toward concocted Hindu sites but almost never toward the state’s rich repository of Muslim mosques, forts and shrines.

Knowledge and culture are being attacked along similar lines. Bollywood , Indian television and the publishing industry have become willing accomplices of Hindu chauvinists, churning out content based on Hindu mythology and revisionist history. In the news media, the few journalists and institutions unwilling to shill for the Hindu cause face legal threats and police raids .

In education, government institutions are run by ignorant functionaries of the ruling party , and from school textbooks to scientific research papers , the Hindu nationalist version of India is pushed forward, myth morphing into history. In the private universities that have begun to crop up in India, Mr. Modi’s government keeps a close eye on classes, panels or research that might be construed as criticizing his government or its idea of a Hindu India.

This cultural shift and the accompanying reduction of Muslims to alien intruders has been made possible by Mr. Modi delivering on his party’s three main promises to Hindu nationalists .

In 2019 he repealed the notional autonomy enjoyed for decades by the disputed Muslim-majority state of Jammu and Kashmir, which the Hindu right had assailed as favoritism toward Muslims and victimization of Hindus. Later that year, Mr. Modi delivered on a second promise by introducing a law that ostensibly opened a pathway to Indian citizenship for persecuted minorities from neighboring countries but whose true motive lay in that it pointedly excluded Muslims. In the northeastern state of Assam , a registration process had already been underway to disenfranchise Muslims if they could not provide elaborate documentation of their Indian citizenship. The Bharatiya Janata Party’s declared intention to establish a similar registration system nationwide hangs the threat of disenfranchisement over all of India’s Muslims.

The inauguration of the Ram temple delivered on the third and most important electoral promise. It announced, triumphantly, the climax of the battle to turn India into a Hindu nation. And yet after 10 years under Mr. Modi’s government, India is more unequal than it was under colonial British rule. In 2020 and 2021, it surpassed China as the largest source of international migrants to O.E.C.D. countries. Many of the undocumented migrants to be found pleading for entry on the U.S.-Mexico border are from India , and they include Hindus for whom India should be a utopia.

The Hindu right’s near-complete control of India may indeed deliver a third term for Mr. Modi, maybe even the absolute parliamentary majority his party wants in order to expand on the transformation it has begun.

But the truth is harder to hide than ever. Mr. Modi and his party are giving India the Hindu utopia they promised, and in the clear light of day, it amounts to little more than a shiny, garish temple that is a monument to majoritarian violence, surrounded by waterlogged streets, emaciated cattle and a people impoverished in every way.

Siddhartha Deb ( @debhartha ) is an Indian writer who lives in New York. His most recent novel is “The Light at the End of the World.” His new nonfiction book is “Twilight Prisoners: The Rise of the Hindu Right and the Fall of India.”

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook , Instagram , TikTok , WhatsApp , X and Threads .

An earlier version of this article misstated a detail about India’s Constitution. It described the country as a “socialist, secular, democratic” republic when it was amended in 1976, not when it was adopted in 1950.

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Who is Narendra Modi? Polarising Indian leader on cusp of winning 2024 election

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A decade in power and seeking a third consecutive term as prime minister , Narendra Modi has said he “has big plans for India and no one needs be spooked by them”.

Coming from a leader who was once persona non-grata in the US and the UK for his suspected role in sectarian violence, the assurance betrays a climate of fear and uncertainty that Mr Modi’s leadership has engendered for sections of the Indian society .

It is this sense of fear and uncertainty that opposition parties and critics of Mr Modi are seeking to tap into as India prepares to vote in the national elections that start on 19 April and end with the declaration of results on 4 June.

They claim that India is sliding “towards dictatorship” as a result of Mr Modi’s “authoritarian tendencies” and the sectarian politics of his ruling Hindu nationalist BJP .

Another term for the BJP government would prove “disastrous for India and its global reputation as the world’s largest democracy”, Dr Shubranshu Mishra, professor of politics and international relations at the University of Exeter told The Independent .

Mr Modi took power in 2014, and retained it in 2019, riding a cresting tide of revanchist Hindu nationalism . He is, for the most part, leaning on the same appeal to win a third term, which no prime minister has managed since the first one, Jawaharlal Nehru, in 1962.

Mr Modi, 73, has long portrayed himself as an outsider who came from a humble family background, unlike most of his predecessors and current rivals from political dynasties and sociocultural elite.

He was born into a family of grocers in Vadnagar town in the western state of Gujarat and claimed to have spent his teenage years manning a tea stall with his brother near a bus station.

At the age of 17, he left his wife Jashodaben to live an ascetic life. He does not have any children and the only glimpse of his closely guarded private life were his occasional meetings with his mother, Heeraben Modi, until her passing in 2022.

At an early age, Mr Modi was attracted to the ideology of Hindu nationalism and attended classes run by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, the mothership of a network of Hindu right-wing groups, including the BJP. It’s where he is said to have honed his oratory as a pracharak , or propagandist.

He moved laterally from the Sangh to the BJP in 1987 just as the party was gaining broader support within the Hindu majority with its militant advocacy for the destruction of the medieval Babri mosque, which it claimed was built on the birthplace of the Hindu deity Ram.

The mosque was eventually torn down by a Hindu mob in 1992 and Mr Modi, now prime minister, inaugurated a grand Ram Temple on its site earlier this year.

The construction of the temple and especially the highly publicised and choreographed inauguration was seen by his critics as an attempt by Mr Modi to cement his appeal among his Hindu nationalist supporters.

After several years as a middlerung functionary in the BJP’s national setup, Mr Modi was sent to his home state of Gujarat, to steady the party’s government in the state. Against expectations, he led the BJP to victory in the December 2002 elections.

The victory, however, came on the back of a sectarian pogrom in which Mr Modi’s administration was accused of being complicit in. The pogrom, marked by massacres and gang rapes, left an estimated 2,000 Muslims dead.

Mr Modi has rejected the allegations and an investigation ordered by the Supreme Court found no evidence to support prosecuting him.

Still, the allegations made him a pariah in the West for years. He was denied entry to the US and the UK over concerns about human rights violations for years until it became clear he was going to be the prime minister.

At home, Mr Modi was now firmly installed as the face of Hindu nationalism in Gujarat, and beyond, and won back-to-back state elections in 2007 and 2012. He introduced a series of highly publicised infrastructure and industrial policies which he sold to the rest of the country as the “Gujarat model” of development.

The rhetorical melding of Hindu nationalism and material development would prove potent as Mr Modi set his sights on New Delhi.

Ahead of the 2014 national elections, the BJP installed Mr Modi as its prime ministerial candidate. BJP won the election handily, consigning the Congress , grappling with multiple corruption scandals, to its worst defeat ever.

After taking office, Mr Modi cast himself as the leader who would finally make India a developed country, announcing a slew of programmes to build and modernise roads, railways, power plants, airports, seaports, public transportation, and nearly 40 million concrete homes for the poor.

He also faced flak for decisions such as the overnight demonetisation of 500 and 1,000 rupee currency notes to supposedly crack down on black money and terrorism funding, and the handling of the border crisis with China.

At the same time, he was blamed for rising sectarian violence, especially against Muslims, and for the widening crackdown on dissent, free press and political opposition.

None of this could stop his triumphant march back to power in 2019.

In his second term, Mr Modi went about bringing the BJP’s pet projects to fruition. His government enacted a citizenship law that is considered discriminatory towards Muslims, re voked the autonomous status of Jammu and Kashmir’s autonomy , and constructed the Ram Temple in Ayodhya.

Mr Modi has rejected criticism of his policies and priorities claiming that his government works for the welfare of all citizens without discriminating.

His government, however, had to withdraw a slate of laws seeking to restructure India’s agriculture sector after thousands of farmers launched a year-long protest in the capital.

Still, Mr Modi enjoys a 75 per cent approval rating, according to Morning Consult, the highest among 25 world leaders tracked by the US data intelligence company.

“This will be the last opportunity for the people to save democracy in India . If Narendra Modi wins another election, there will be a dictatorship in the country,” Mallikarjun Kharge, president of the opposition party Congress, said in February. “The BJP will rule India like (Vladimir) Putin in Russia.”

“If rights are ignored, then dictatorship will be imminent.”

He was commenting after several prominent opposition leaders were put under investigation, raided and jailed by federal agencies controlled by Mr Modi’s government.

Prof Mishra echoed the concerns. “The upcoming Indian elections will place serious challenges on the country’s democratic and secular values,” he said. “The ruling party’s authoritarian hold on various institutions, including the election commission and Hindu majoritarianism that targets minority groups, are major concerns.”

“The outcome of the elections will determine whether India can preserve its democratic and secular values or continue its democratic decline under the Hindu nationalist prime minister Modi.”

Mr Modi, who has not given a press conference in his 10 years in power, sought to dispel such concerns ahead of the elections when he told the news agency ANI that “his big plans” were for the overall development of the country.

“My decisions are not to scare anyone or to diminish anyone,” he said when asked about his remark that his decade in power was just a trailer.

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India begins voting in elections with a prominent opposition leader in jail

Scott Simon

NPR's Scott Simon speaks with reporter Pavni Mittal about the Indian elections which began this week and will end in June. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is seeking a third term.

SCOTT SIMON, HOST:

The world's most populated country heads to the polls. Over 900 million people are eligible to vote in India's elections that began this week and will end on June 1. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set up for a third term. His right-wing BJP party is aiming to expand their majorities. Pavni Mittal is a special correspondent at the PBS NewsHour and joins us now from New Delhi. Pavni, thanks very much for being with us.

PAVNI MITTAL: Thank you for having me.

SIMON: Modi's government's been criticized for intimidating some members of the opposition and undermining democratic institution, like the Election Commission. Is this being accepted as a free and fair election?

MITTAL: In the sense whether people are voting and the votes are legitimate, yes, it is. The questions that are being raised are more to do with institutions. Opposition parties and even investigative journalists and rights groups say that democratic institutions have been undermined. As I speak, there are several members of the opposition that are being detained or are in jail over allegations largely around corruption. Prime Minister Modi and his party enjoys a largely subservient press. You know, there are journalists who are in jail over charges of terrorism simply because they did a story that just didn't make the government look too good.

SIMON: What are voters talking about? What are the main issues for them?

MITTAL: So this election is about Prime Minister Modi. And this is expected to be a vote of confidence, because even though there are concerns about a turn to illiberal democracy in India, there is a large section of society that has bought into what Modi has delivered, which in essence is reshaping the country.

On the economic front, his welfare programs are popular. Corporate tax rates have been slashed. On the social front, there is, of course, his majoritarian politics centered around religion. There has been an institutional attempt to prioritize Hinduism at the cost of minorities, particularly Muslims. And then there is the issue of foreign policy. And what Modi has really been able to convince people is that India's stature in the world has to do with him and his policies.

SIMON: I gather his party, the BJP, is widely expected to win, but perhaps only a plurality, not a majority. What about the opposition?

MITTAL: So India has hundreds of parties. What the opposition leaders have done is several of them, the key big players, have come together to form an alliance. And their goal is to limit the victory margin of the BJP. The allegations that the government has been trying to jail their leaders - India's main national party, which is the Congress Party, has alleged that its election funds have been frozen by tax authorities. All these issues have actually proven to be a bond for them. It sort of glued them together. And just a few weeks ago, they held a massive rally, a big show of strength. For them, you know, it's not just about winning an election. For them, this is about survival.

SIMON: Pavni, what are you going to be looking for as the vote proceeds and then as their - as they begin to be counted early in June?

MITTAL: The victory margin will be interesting. I'm also looking forward to seeing how the opposition parties figure their way around this. You know, they do have a case to make to people. In essence, I think what this vote will really tell us is how people in India view their country and what it should really be. Do they believe in the ideals on which India was founded or what Prime Minister Modi and his party want it to be?

SIMON: Pavni Mittal is a special correspondent at the PBS NewsHour. Thanks so much for being with us.

MITTAL: Thank you.

Copyright © 2024 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.

NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

Correction April 22, 2024

An earlier version of this transcript webpage mistakenly said this story was reported by Jane Arraf. It is a conversation between host Scott Simon and journalist Pavni Mittal.

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Narendra Modi wants 400 seats in India's election. But to do it, he'll have to venture to the sceptical south

Analysis Narendra Modi wants 400 seats in India's election. But to do it, he'll have to venture to the sceptical south

Earlier this year, India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi made an ambitious prediction in parliament: That his Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) and its allies would win 400 out of 543 parliamentary seats.

It's a bold statement, even for the most popular leader in the world.

Only once in India's 77 years of independence has this happened — in 1984 when the Indian National Congress party won 404 seats. 

In the last election in 2019, BJP commanded a strong parliamentary majority by winning 303 seats, largely through support in India's central and northern states. 

But an obvious weakness became apparent for Modi: India's south. 

The five southern states hold 131 parliamentary seats, and they're still immune to the BJP's Hindu nationalist politics.

The south is home to 20 per cent of the country's population and contributes more than 30 per cent of India' GDP.

With the north on lock for the BJP,  Modi and his allies will have to find a way into the south if it wants to achieve its ambitious goal.

Incumbent candidate Kalanidhi Veeraswamy, who is a member of Tamil Nadu's ruling Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party believes the push won't work.

"India is such a diverse country with so many languages, so many cultures, so many religions, we would like to retain that uniqueness," he said.

"The problem is, there has always been an attempt from whoever is there in the centre, to make [India] look as if it's one nation and one group of people."

Venturing into the sceptical south 

Critics see Modi as an increasingly authoritarian figure, whose Hindu nationalist politics have moved a secular India towards majority rule.

"In Tamil Nadu, we have such a rich cultural heritage dating back to about 3,000 years back … we want to retain our identity and our thought process and everything," Mr Veeraswamy said.

"So be it congress or BJP or whoever tries to make this kind of statement [about] nationalism and Hindutva … we are opposed to it."

Arun Ramm, who is the resident editor of daily newspaper, the Times of India, agrees. 

"The … DMK seems to be on a very strong wicket," he said.

"Strong leadership and a great slogan, the slogan being resistance."

This time 'round, Modi is paying particular attention to the southern state of Tamil Nadu, which goes to polls today in the first of seven voting phases in this election.

The PM has made 10 trips to the state since January and has thrown his support around some high-profile candidates.

He has even been using artificial intelligence to translate his Hindi speech into Tamil for his local audiences.

"This is the last sentinel of the anti-BJP forces, so probably BJP wants to break that," Ram said.

Largest democratic exercise in the world

Today marks the beginning of the world's largest democratic exercise, with almost 1 billion people registered to vote in India's general elections.

More than 2,600 political parties are registered in this election, and frontrunner Modi is seeking a rare third term.

Things are in his favour, according to Ram.

"Infrastructure-wise, the perception is that this government has done very well when it comes to roads, especially when it comes to infrastructure, transport, science and technology, space missions," he said. 

The BJP has focused its campaign on development for women, young people, farmers and those living under the poverty line, and has vowed to make India the third-largest economic power.

They also want to build better infrastructure on the Indo-China border and modernise their army.

The party has a well-organised network of grassroots workers and a slick marketing and propaganda machine.

About 26 parties have created an alliance to unseat the BJP.

But the effort was weakened by the lack of a united opposition, with no cohesion and disputes over leadership.

They have also accused the party of using investigative agencies to crack down on them.

One of the main leaders of the coalition, and the chief minister of Delhi, Arvind Kejriwal was arrested last May in a corruption case. 

The government denies any role in the arrest.

The Indian National Congress party, the BJP's main opposition, has claimed that the government directed the tax office to freeze the party's bank accounts, stopping them from being able to campaign.

The party has tried to campaign on the issues of unemployment, inflation and corruption under the Modi government.

They have also pledged to tackle hate speech, give welfare guarantees to farmers, and recognise civil unions for LGBTQIA+ couples.

Voting will end on June 1, with results announced on June 4.

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