22 Basic Computer Parts and Their Functions (With Pictures)
Welcome to a beginner’s guide on the basic computer parts and their functions. The world of computers is ever-expanding like some kind of a science fiction infinite universe thing, and it can be quite a daunting task for beginners to learn about computers these days.
But thankfully, the basics have pretty much remained the same, thanks to good global standards. But just what are the common parts of a computer, inside and outside? Let us explore more in this guide, read on!
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Basic parts.
For this first section, let us start with the very basic parts of a computer system.
1) SYSTEM UNIT/COMPUTER CASING
This box is where all the main computer components are housed – Motherboard, processor, memory, hard disks, power supply, and more. Computer casings come in all shapes and sizes, with the common ones being tower casings (as above), and small form factors that fit in a backpack.
But with today’s technology, tower casings are kind of losing popularity. Most people will likely prefer to use the “integrated, lightweight, and portable computers” – All-in-one PCs, laptops, tablets, and mobile devices.
P.S. If you have read other guides on the Internet, some people refer to this box as the “CPU” (central processing unit). That is wrong and has always been a major confusion – The CPU is actually a chip inside the casing itself.
I don’t think this needs much explanation, as you are reading off one right now. 🙂 Monitors are where the text, images, and videos are displayed. Some monitors may even have built-in speakers, much like televisions.
The older designs of computer monitors run off a technology called cathode ray tube (CRT). As you can guess, those bulky and power-hungry displays have been totally taken over by the slim and lightweight liquid crystal display (LCD) or LED (light-emitting diode) displays.
INPUT DEVICES
Now that we are done with the basics, let us move on with the input devices – The devices that you use to provide data and instructions to the computer.
3) KEYBOARD
I don’t think this needs much explanation either, you type and enter data with this device. The most common keyboard layout in the world is QWERTY (as above), but depending on where you are in the world, the layout of keyboards may be a little different; There are also other layouts such as QWERTZ and AZERTY.
Just why don’t people invent a keyboard in straight alphabetical order (A to Z)? Because there are some scientific and design factors behind it. The keys on a keyboard are actually arranged to how common the alphabets are being used, thus the different layouts in the various regions.
A pointing device that we use to move the cursor on the screen, the mouse buttons are used to interact with various on-screen elements. A standard mouse these days will usually come with at least 3 buttons (left, center, right) and a scroll wheel. Although there are some mouse designs with a lot more buttons, and more meant for the purpose of gaming.
5) TRACKPAD
Trackpads are an alternative to using the mouse. These are what you will normally see on laptops, where it is inconvenient to carry a mouse around. Although trackpads are kind of a staple on laptops, there are also “standalone” trackpads that you can buy and attach to full-sized desktop computers.
6) GRAPHICS TABLET
Not to be confused with the tablet computer, the graphics tablet is specifically used by digital artists to paint and do some… art stuff. It kind of works like a trackpad as well, but the graphic tablet is superior in the sense that it is sensitive to pressure (for painting).
7) TRACKBALL
This slug-like device is called a trackball, and it is another alternative to using the mouse. Instead of moving the mouse around, we spin the big ball around to move the cursor.
8) WEB CAMERA
Web cameras are used to take photos and videos. Most modern laptops, tablets, and smartphones come with a built-in camera.
9) MICROPHONE
Allows us to record sounds. Again, most modern laptops, tablets, and smartphones already have one of these built-in. It is just a matter of quality, that some people prefer to buy higher-end microphones for recording studio-quality sounds.
10) GAMEPAD & JOYSTICK & STEERING WHEEL
Toys for the gamers. While the keyboard and mouse do provide good enough controls, some gamers still prefer to use specialized game controllers.
OUTPUT DEVICES
Next, let us move on to the output devices. The computer is capable of processing a lot of digital data quickly, but sadly, poor humans are not able to directly understand electrical signals. So, output devices are used to convert those electronic signals into human-understandable forms.
11) SPEAKERS
Speakers convert electronic signals into sounds that are audible to humans.
12) HEADPHONES & EARPHONES
Use a pair of headphones if you want more privacy with the sounds, or not to disturb the rest. Some earphones/headphones these days even come built-in with a microphone, they can be used for phone calls.
13) PRINTER & SCANNER
A printer prints text, images, and whatever you want onto a piece of paper. A scanner, on the other hand, is an input device where you scan a piece of paper/document and convert it into a digital image – Which can then be sent to other people via email or fax.
These 2 used to be separate devices, but with the help of technology, we have all-in-one (AIO) printers these days that do both printing, scanning, and some even act as fax machines.
14) 3D PRINTER
This is the technology that raised many eyebrows, and brought printers to the “next level”. 3D printers are nothing like the “old school” printers, and they do not print on paper – They print actual objects using plastic, metal, or rubber filaments. Yep, we can print almost any object to the wildest imaginations with a 3D printer.
15) PROJECTOR
Is the “normal monitor” not big enough? Then use a projector and project it onto the wall. Good for movie nights and presentations.
THE INSIDES
Finally, let us take a look at the “crazy electrical stuff” inside a computer. A fair word of warning though – Switch off the power, unplug the power cord, and ground the casing safely before you decide to open up a computer. Save yourself from nasty electrical shocks.
16) POWER SUPPLY UNIT (PSU)
This is the component that converts power from the wall outlet to one that the computer needs.
17) MOTHERBOARD
Can’t miss this one, the heart and biggest circuit board of the computer. All the components and devices are connected to the motherboard, and thus, rightfully called the motherboard.
This little chip is known as the central processing unit (CPU), and it is the brain of the computer where all data crunching and processing is done. In the old days, a CPU used to have “only one single brain” or what we call a “single-core CPU”.
But as the wise saying goes “two heads are better than one”, so smart monkeys eventually improved the design of CPUs. Even though it is one physical chip, there could multiple “brains” (or cores) within that chip. This is where the terms dual-core (2 processors in one chip), quad-core (4 processors), and multi-core (N processors) come from.
19) HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD)
The hard disk is where data is permanently stored – The operating systems, the applications, your pictures, music, documents, and more. There are a few types of hard disks in the market:
- Mechanical Disk – The so-called “traditional” hard disk. Has a motor and “read-write head”, thus rightfully called “mechanical”. Not that it is bad, it’s just heavier and less shock resistant.
- Solid State Disk (SSD) – Has no moving parts, pretty much just a solid circuit board with a load of memory chips. Thus, rightfully called a “solid-state drive”.
- M.2 SSD – As computers become slimmer and smaller, there is also a need to make smaller hard disks. The M.2 SSD is a variant of the “normal SSD” with a smaller footprint.
20) RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
The RAM is probably one of the more confusing components for beginners. It is also used for data storage, but temporarily (power off and all data in the RAM will be lost).
The reason why RAM exists is that it reads and writes a lot faster than hard disks. The CPU will utilize RAM for quick calculations, and for the storage of temporary data. For example, temporarily store a text file in the RAM while the user edits it.
21) GRAPHICS CARD
A graphics card also does processing and calculations like a CPU, but it is specialized for graphical purposes. It processes all “graphic things” for gaming, video, and photo editing. So instead of being called a CPU, the graphics card has a graphical processing unit (GPU). You will not see this card in some computers, as it is already built into the motherboard.
22) FANS & HEATSINKS
Finally, this one should be self-explanatory. Fans are used to cool the components, to prevent a meltdown from occurring.
USEFUL BITS & LINKS
That’s it for all the computer parts, and here are a few more extras that may be useful to you.
TYPES OF COMPUTERS
Desktop, laptop, tablets, smartphones, just what are the different types of computers? Read my other guide to find out.
17 Different Types Of Computers (With Pictures)
IDENTIFYING COMPUTER PARTS
This is an old YouTube video that I find to be rather useful in identifying the computer parts… A few of the components are really outdated, but the basic structure of desktop computers have not changed much.
LINKS & REFERENCES
- The Basic Parts of a Computer with Devices – InformationQ
- Basic Computer Parts Explained – Nerds On Call
- Computer Hardware – Wikipedia
Thank you for reading, and we have come to the end of this short guide. I hope that this has helped you to better understand the cyber world, and if you have anything to share with this guide, please feel free to comment below. Good luck, and may the digital force be with you.
7 thoughts on “22 Basic Computer Parts and Their Functions (With Pictures)”
Thanks a lot. this was really good and helpful stuff to me
very informative thank you so very much!
U are share good info 🙏 for all👌
THANK YOU SO VERY MUCH. I am 73+ and use the computer but am clueless on anything but how to type & send. That is until something [ still dont know what-lol] started not to work. The superstore guy could only say one consistent thing- buy new, buy new, buy new. So not having the xhundred dollars, I ran out to the bookstore, loaded up on computer books but guess what- what if you dont know- YA JUST DONT KNOW. This website is a true first step on my journey. Many thanks…..
Wow so much interesting and thoughtful and thanks for which I got more on Ict thanks
Thanks a lot. This info is very helpful to my son who is in year 9 doing computer studies. All the best and God will richly bless you in your life.
nice lessons I would like to learn more on the internal parts and functions of the computer
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Computer Basics - Basic Parts of a Computer
Computer basics -, basic parts of a computer, computer basics basic parts of a computer.
Computer Basics: Basic Parts of a Computer
Lesson 3: basic parts of a computer.
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Introduction
The basic parts of a desktop computer are the computer case , monitor , keyboard , mouse , and power cord . Each part plays an important role whenever you use a computer.
Watch the video below to learn about the basic parts of a computer.
Looking for the old version of this video? You can still view it here .
Computer case
The computer case is the metal and plastic box that contains the main components of the computer, including the motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), and power supply. The front of the case usually has an On/Off button and one or more optical drives .
Computer cases come in different shapes and sizes. A desktop case lies flat on a desk, and the monitor usually sits on top of it. A tower case is tall and sits next to the monitor or on the floor. All-in-one computers come with the internal components built into the monitor, which eliminates the need for a separate case.
The monitor works with a video card , located inside the computer case, to display images and text on the screen. Most monitors have control buttons that allow you to change your monitor's display settings, and some monitors also have built-in speakers.
Newer monitors usually have LCD (liquid crystal display) or LED (light-emitting diode) displays. These can be made very thin, and they are often called flat-panel displays . Older monitors use CRT (cathode ray tube) displays. CRT monitors are much larger and heavier, and they take up more desk space.
The keyboard is one of the main ways to communicate with a computer. There are many different types of keyboards, but most are very similar and allow you to accomplish the same basic tasks.
Click the buttons in the interactive below to learn about the different parts of the keyboard.
Print Screen, Scroll Lock, Pause/Break
The Print Screen , Scroll Lock , and Pause/Break keys are at the top-right corner of the keyboard. The Print Screen key takes a picture of your screen (called a screenshot) that you can edit or save using a graphics program. Scroll Lock and Pause/Break are rarely used today, so some keyboards don't have them.
The Escape (Esc) key allows you to stop a function or action. For example, if a webpage is taking a long time to load, you can press the Escape key to stop loading it.
Function Keys
The function keys are labeled F1 through F12 . Some programs use these keys as shortcuts for common tasks. For example, in many programs, F1 opens the Help file.
The Tab key is used to create indents in word processing programs. Also, if you are filling out a form online, you can use the Tab key to switch to the next field.
Alphanumeric Keys
The main part of the keyboard includes the alphanumeric keys ( letters and numbers ) and the spacebar .
Ctrl, Alt, and Shift
The Control (Ctrl), Alternate (Alt), and Shift keys are designed to work in combination with other keys. Typically, you hold down Ctrl, Alt, or Shift and then type another key to perform a specific task. For example, in many programs, typing Ctrl+S will save a file.
The arrow keys are used for many different purposes, including moving the cursor, scrolling a document, and controlling a game.
Numeric Keypad
The numeric keypad resembles a calculator keypad. Many users find that it is easier to type numbers using this keypad. On some keyboards, these keys double as arrow keys.
Backspace Key
The Backspace key (also known as the delete key) erases the character to the left of the cursor.
The Enter key (also known as the return key) executes commands. For example, while on the Internet, you can type a website address and then press Enter to go to the site. It is also used to start a new line in word processing programs.
Home and End
These move the cursor to the beginning or end of the current line.
Insert and Delete
Insert : This switches between insert mode (which inserts new text without deleting anything) and overtype mode (which deletes text after the cursor as you type). Delete : This erases the character to the right of the cursor.
Page Up and Page Down
These scroll a document or webpage up or down.
If you want to learn how to type or improve your touch-typing skills, check out our free Typing Tutorial .
There are two main mouse types: optical and mechanical. The optical mouse uses an electronic eye to detect movement and is easier to clean. The mechanical mouse uses a rolling ball to detect movement and requires regular cleaning to work properly.
To learn the basics of using a mouse, check out our interactive Mouse Tutorial .
Mouse alternatives
There are other devices that can do the same thing as a mouse. Many people find them easier to use, and they also require less desk space than a traditional mouse. The most common mouse alternatives are below.
- Trackball : A trackball has a ball that can rotate freely. Instead of moving the device like a mouse, you can roll the ball with your thumb to move the pointer.
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- this looks like a TV and lets you sees the software/programed and everything you do on your computer.
- this is the main part of the computer. It contains the brain of the computer which processes and communicates information with all other parts of the computer.
- the keyboard is an input device used to type in information into the computer.
- the mouse is an input device which is used to control what you see on your monitor. With a mouse you can click, select and move what you see on your screen.
- this is an output device used to print out hard copy of what is displayed on your monitor. You can use it to print text and pictures.
- is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the computer monitor or keyboard.
- is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. It is what guides the hardware and tells it how to accomplish each task. Some examples of software are web browsers, games, and word processors such as Microsoft Word.
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Computer Parts
Mar 22, 2019
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Computer Parts. There are many parts that work together to make a computer work. Hardware. Physical parts of the computer, including processor and memory chips, input/output devices, tapes, disks, modems, cable, etc. CPU. The Central Processing Unit. Processor.
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Presentation Transcript
Computer Parts • There are many parts that work together to make a computer work.
Hardware • Physical parts of the computer, including processor and memory chips, input/output devices, tapes, disks, modems, cable, etc.
CPU • The Central Processing Unit
Processor • The CPU – The chip or chips that interpret and execute program instructions and manage the functions of input, output, and storage devices.
Computer Case • Contains the major components of the computer. It helps protect them.
Front of the Computer Case
Inside the Computer Case
Monitor • A display screen to provide “output” to the user. It is where you view the information your are working on.
Video Card • Connects the computer to the monitor. It is a circuit board attached to the motherboard that contains the memory and other circuitry necessary to send information to the monitor for display on screen.
Keyboard • Used to enter information into the computer and for giving commands.
Mouse • An input device operated by rolling its ball across a flat surface. The mouse is used to control the on-screen pointer by pointing and clicking, double-clicking, or dragging objects on the screen.
Touchpad • A pressure-sensitive and motion sensitive device used in place of a mouse.
CD Rom Drive • The drive that plays CDs and reads data that has been stored on the CD.
CD • Compact Disk – A type of optical storage device.
Floppy Disk Drive • A device that holds a removable floppy disk when in use; read/write heads read and write data to the diskette.
Hard Disk • Magnetic storage device in the computer.
RAM • Random Access Memory RAM is a computer’s temporary memory, which exists as chips on the motherboard near the CPU. It stores data or programs while they are being used and requires power.
Printer • An output device that produces a hard copy on paper. It gives information to the user in printed form.
Barcode Reader • An input device that converts a pattern of printed bars into a number that a computer can read. They are often used by businesses to quickly input price and product information.
Scanner • A device that allows pictures to be placed into a computer.
Microphone • Allows the user to record sounds as input to their computer.
Speakers • Used to generate or reproduce voice, music, and other sounds.
Sound Card • Connects the speakers and microphone to the computer.
Modem • The place where the computer is connected to the phone line.
Network Card • A circuit board that connects the computer to the rest of the network usually using special cables.
Software • Programs that tell the computer what to do. It provides instructions that the CPU will need to carry out.
DOS • Disk Operating System This software connects the hardware with the programs you want to run. MS-DOS: Microsoft DOS (Disk Operating System) is a command line user interface. MS-DOS 1.0 was released in 1981 for IBM computers.
Example of MS-DOS
Windows • A family of operating systems developed and produced by Microsoft Corp. It provides a software graphical user interface (GUI) used on IBM and compatible computers.
Example of Windows (GUI)
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COMMENTS
35. Mother board A motherboard is the main circuit board inside a computer that connects the different parts of a computer together. It has sockets for the CPU, RAM and expansion cards (e.g. discrete graphics cards, sound cards, network cards, storage cards etc)… and it also hooks up to hard drives, disc drives and front panel ports with cables and wires.
The Various Parts Of A Computer And Their Functions. 1. The computer case or chassis. Function: Protects and houses the computer's internal components, including the motherboard, hard drives, and expansion cards. Design Importance: Cases come in various sizes and designs to accommodate different types of motherboards and cooling systems.
1) SYSTEM UNIT/COMPUTER CASING. This box is where all the main computer components are housed - Motherboard, processor, memory, hard disks, power supply, and more. Computer casings come in all shapes and sizes, with the common ones being tower casings (as above), and small form factors that fit in a backpack. But with today's technology ...
What are the parts of a computer? At a high level, all computers are made up of a processor (CPU), memory, and input/output devices. Each computer receives input from a variety of devices, processes that data with the CPU and memory, and sends results to some form of output. This diagram visualizes that flow:
A keyboard is one of the ways to communicate with a computer. Typing a key from the keyboard sends a small portion of data to tell the computer which key was pressed. The computer can use this information in many ways. An example could be a command or a character that can be used in a document. There are two main different types of keyboards.
Download ppt "Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer". Computer A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, produce information (output), and store the information for future use.
The computer case is the metal and plastic box that contains the main components of the computer, including the motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), and power supply. The front of the case usually has an On/Off button and one or more optical drives.. Computer cases come in different shapes and sizes. A desktop case lies flat on a desk, and the monitor usually sits on top of it.
If you have a desktop, laptop, or a tablet, they all use similar parts to operate. Some parts are connected separately, while others are built-in and compact...
2 Parts of a Computer A computer has various parts, and each part performs a specific function. These parts can be classified as input devices, output devices, CPU and memory, motherboard, expansion cards, storage devices and services, and ports and connections. 3 Input Devices. 4 Mouse A device that you use to interact with items displayed on ...
We're going to take a look inside a typical computer and show you some of the main components. We'll show you what these components look like in a laptop and...
BASIC COMPUTER COMPONENTS Case • Often called the "CPU"/ "computer", the case houses and provides power to the major computer components, including the MotherBoard, CPU, Hard Drive, RAM, Video Card, Sound Card, etc. • Those components that do not housed in the computer case are usually referred to as "peripherals". • Houses the power ...
Use our Parts of a Computer Presentation to provide an introduction and overview of the basic parts of a computer to your upper-elementary students. Each slide includes a photograph of the computer part and a short explanation of what that part does. Perfect for a lesson about technology! A review/quiz is provided at the end of the presentation to check your students' understanding. This would ...
Computer Hardware Parts.ppt - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. The document provides information about the basic components and structure of a computer system. It discusses the three main parts: the CPU, input/output devices, and memory. It then describes various hardware components such as the motherboard ...
In this animated video, we showed the parts of computer and their functionswith pictures where anyone can get an overview of the hardware. With the conversat...
contains the brain of the computer which. processes and communicates information with all. other parts of the computer. 6. Keyboard. the keyboard is an input device used to type in. information into the computer. 7. Mouse.
Download our Computer-related Google Slides themes and PowerPoint templates and create outstanding presentations Free Easy to edit Professional ... Use these Google Slides themes or download our PPT files for PowerPoint or Keynote to give a presentation about a Computer-related topic, including Information Technology. Filter by. Filters ...
During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher. E N D . Presentation Transcript. Computer Basics 1 Computer Basic 1 includes two lessons: ... Describe the importance of computers in today's world. Identify the main parts of a computer. Identify the steps for starting a computer. Identify the ...
Workshop on Computer Hardware Presentation . Technology . Free Google Slides theme and PowerPoint template . Hardware is the set of physical or material elements that make up a computer or computer system. Your workshop attendees will learn about this concept and much more, especially if you use this creative template that we have designed to ...
Presentation Transcript. Computer Parts • There are many parts that work together to make a computer work. Processor • The CPU - The chip or chips that interpret and execute program instructions and manage the functions of input, output, and storage devices. Computer Case • Contains the major components of the computer.