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Systematic Methods for Literature Reviews: Workshop Handout & PPT

• Systematic Review Methods (SRM)
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• Last Updated: Sep 1, 2021 1:38 PM
• URL: https://libguides.library.kent.edu/systematicreviews

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Systematic Literature Review: Step by step process

Published by Adeel Tariq Modified over 3 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "Systematic Literature Review: Step by step process"— Presentation transcript:

Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of Research Process

Protocol Development.

Student Learning Development, TCD1 Systematic Approaches to Literature Reviewing Dr Tamara O’Connor Student Learning Development Trinity College Dublin.

Systematic Approaches to Literature Reviewing

Mapping Studies – Why and How Andy Burn. Resources The idea of employing evidence-based practices in software engineering was proposed in (Kitchenham.

8. Evidence-based management Step 3: Critical appraisal of studies

Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analysis

Systematic Approaches to Literature Reviewing Dr. Mark Matthews Student Learning Development Systematic Approaches to Literature Reviews.

1 The Literature Review March 2007 (3). 2 The Literature Review The review of the literature is defined as a broad, comprehensive, in- depth, systematic,

How to Critically Review an Article

Systematic Approaches to Literature Reviewing Presenter: Caroline Forsyth Adapted from presentation by Dr. Derek Richards & Dr Mark Mathews.

WRITING A REVIEW ARTICLE STRUCTURE AND STYLE OF A REVIEW ARTICLE Saleem Saaed Qader MBChB, MD, MSc, MPH, PhD, SBGS Consultant General Surgeon, Lecturer.

Reading Scientific Papers Shimae Soheilipour

EMPRICAL RESEARCH REPORTS

Systematic Approaches to Literature Reviewing. The Literature Review ? “Literature reviews …… introduce a topic, summarise the main issues and provide.

Literature Review Evaluating Existing Research

Systematic Approaches to Literature Reviewing Dr. Derek Richards derek.richards [at] tcd.ie.

Systematic Reviews.

Literature review Osama A Samarkandi, PhD, RN BSc, GMD, BSN, MSN, NIAC EMS 423; EMS Research and Evidence Based Practice.

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Systematic Review

• Library Help
• What is a Systematic Review (SR)?

Steps of a Systematic Review

• Framing a Research Question
• Developing a Search Strategy
• Searching the Literature
• Managing the Process
• Meta-analysis
• Publishing your Systematic Review

Forms and templates

Image: David Parmenter's Shop

• PICO Template
• Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
• Database Search Log
• Review Matrix
• Cochrane Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias in Included Studies

   • PRISMA Flow Diagram  - Record the numbers of retrieved references and included/excluded studies. You can use the Create Flow Diagram tool to automate the process.

   •  PRISMA Checklist - Checklist of items to include when reporting a systematic review or meta-analysis

PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA-S: Common Questions on Tracking Records and the Flow Diagram

• PROSPERO Template
• Manuscript Template
• Steps of SR (text)
• Steps of SR (visual)
• Steps of SR (PIECES)

Adapted from  A Guide to Conducting Systematic Reviews: Steps in a Systematic Review by Cornell University Library

Source: Cochrane Consumers and Communications  (infographics are free to use and licensed under Creative Commons )

Check the following visual resources titled " What Are Systematic Reviews?"

• Video  with closed captions available
• Animated Storyboard
• << Previous: What is a Systematic Review (SR)?
• Next: Framing a Research Question >>
• Last Updated: Mar 4, 2024 12:09 PM
• URL: https://lib.guides.umd.edu/SR

How to Do a Systematic Review: A Best Practice Guide for Conducting and Reporting Narrative Reviews, Meta-Analyses, and Meta-Syntheses

Affiliations.

• 1 Behavioural Science Centre, Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; email: [email protected].
• 2 Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom.
• 3 Department of Statistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA; email: [email protected].
• PMID: 30089228
• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102803

Systematic reviews are characterized by a methodical and replicable methodology and presentation. They involve a comprehensive search to locate all relevant published and unpublished work on a subject; a systematic integration of search results; and a critique of the extent, nature, and quality of evidence in relation to a particular research question. The best reviews synthesize studies to draw broad theoretical conclusions about what a literature means, linking theory to evidence and evidence to theory. This guide describes how to plan, conduct, organize, and present a systematic review of quantitative (meta-analysis) or qualitative (narrative review, meta-synthesis) information. We outline core standards and principles and describe commonly encountered problems. Although this guide targets psychological scientists, its high level of abstraction makes it potentially relevant to any subject area or discipline. We argue that systematic reviews are a key methodology for clarifying whether and how research findings replicate and for explaining possible inconsistencies, and we call for researchers to conduct systematic reviews to help elucidate whether there is a replication crisis.

Keywords: evidence; guide; meta-analysis; meta-synthesis; narrative; systematic review; theory.

• Guidelines as Topic
• Meta-Analysis as Topic*
• Publication Bias
• Review Literature as Topic
• Systematic Reviews as Topic*

• Research Process

Systematic Literature Review or Literature Review?

• 3 minute read
• 39.4K views

Table of Contents

As a researcher, you may be required to conduct a literature review. But what kind of review do you need to complete? Is it a systematic literature review or a standard literature review? In this article, we’ll outline the purpose of a systematic literature review, the difference between literature review and systematic review, and other important aspects of systematic literature reviews.

What is a Systematic Literature Review?

The purpose of systematic literature reviews is simple. Essentially, it is to provide a high-level of a particular research question. This question, in and of itself, is highly focused to match the review of the literature related to the topic at hand. For example, a focused question related to medical or clinical outcomes.

The components of a systematic literature review are quite different from the standard literature review research theses that most of us are used to (more on this below). And because of the specificity of the research question, typically a systematic literature review involves more than one primary author. There’s more work related to a systematic literature review, so it makes sense to divide the work among two or three (or even more) researchers.

Your systematic literature review will follow very clear and defined protocols that are decided on prior to any review. This involves extensive planning, and a deliberately designed search strategy that is in tune with the specific research question. Every aspect of a systematic literature review, including the research protocols, which databases are used, and dates of each search, must be transparent so that other researchers can be assured that the systematic literature review is comprehensive and focused.

Most systematic literature reviews originated in the world of medicine science. Now, they also include any evidence-based research questions. In addition to the focus and transparency of these types of reviews, additional aspects of a quality systematic literature review includes:

• Clear and concise review and summary
• Comprehensive coverage of the topic
• Accessibility and equality of the research reviewed

Systematic Review vs Literature Review

The difference between literature review and systematic review comes back to the initial research question. Whereas the systematic review is very specific and focused, the standard literature review is much more general. The components of a literature review, for example, are similar to any other research paper. That is, it includes an introduction, description of the methods used, a discussion and conclusion, as well as a reference list or bibliography.

A systematic review, however, includes entirely different components that reflect the specificity of its research question, and the requirement for transparency and inclusion. For instance, the systematic review will include:

• Eligibility criteria for included research
• A description of the systematic research search strategy
• An assessment of the validity of reviewed research
• Interpretations of the results of research included in the review

As you can see, contrary to the general overview or summary of a topic, the systematic literature review includes much more detail and work to compile than a standard literature review. Indeed, it can take years to conduct and write a systematic literature review. But the information that practitioners and other researchers can glean from a systematic literature review is, by its very nature, exceptionally valuable.

This is not to diminish the value of the standard literature review. The importance of literature reviews in research writing is discussed in this article . It’s just that the two types of research reviews answer different questions, and, therefore, have different purposes and roles in the world of research and evidence-based writing.

Systematic Literature Review vs Meta Analysis

It would be understandable to think that a systematic literature review is similar to a meta analysis. But, whereas a systematic review can include several research studies to answer a specific question, typically a meta analysis includes a comparison of different studies to suss out any inconsistencies or discrepancies. For more about this topic, check out Systematic Review VS Meta-Analysis article.

Language Editing Plus

With Elsevier’s Language Editing Plus services , you can relax with our complete language review of your systematic literature review or literature review, or any other type of manuscript or scientific presentation. Our editors are PhD or PhD candidates, who are native-English speakers. Language Editing Plus includes checking the logic and flow of your manuscript, reference checks, formatting in accordance to your chosen journal and even a custom cover letter. Our most comprehensive editing package, Language Editing Plus also includes any English-editing needs for up to 180 days.

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Top 10 Literature Review Templates with Samples and Examples

Hanisha Kapoor

The Harry Potter series has massively impacted pop culture. It marks the terminal moment of modernity. It has also showed that children are ready to read longer works.

If you have seen the Harry Potter movie or read the series, you would agree with the above example of a literature review. And if you have not, these observations will have created enough curiosity in you to encourage your children to watch Harry Potter movies or give JK Rowling’s book a workout.

A literary review is the amalgamation of extensive knowledge and understanding of the subject matter. A literature review, for all our purposes, needs to a critique that helps take the entire subject matter forward. It has to be a well-meaning critique.

A Literature Review Example for Better Understanding

An example where literature review could be done is on Malcolm Gladwell’s works on success and thinking, in the two books titled ‘Outliers’ and ‘Blink’.

As a sample literary review for these two works, one has to create a problem statement and then show how or why you take the discussion forward to a higher plane. In this case, a literary review could start by saying that success and the factors that influence it are always on the human mind.

The problem statement could be that does luck play a bigger part in success or is your talent and hard work are the major contributors? Then, one may also give examples of previous works that said the same or supported the opposite.

The key elements to a good literary review are balance, poise and evidence.

  Scholars, professors, and researchers dig deeper, find scientific or literary relevance to the subject, and help readers widen their horizons. Having done this, literature reviews also give us a window into works that we should read.

This blog will take you deep into literature reviews and how these need to be structured and delivered for greater impact.

As the first step, we have to be mindful that literature reviews are not a cakewalk. It involves a lot of work: From finding suitable material to evaluating it, critical thinking, paraphrasing, citation skills, creating a methodology, etc.

Conducting an ethical and structured research needs a systematic methodology to put forth your arguments and ideas. Read this blog to showcase your research in an effective manner.

What's even more challenging for a reviewer is to present his/her study without the right visuals.

To bridge this gap, SlideTeam brings you a collection of beautiful, jaw-dropping literature review PowerPoint Templates to showcase your research in a concise and easy manner. Browse the PPT Slides below and use them to present your scholarly review!

Template 1: Literature Review PowerPoint Template

This is a well-designed PowerPoint Template to help you highlight your literature review. Incorporate this state-of-the-art PPT design and present your analysis on the specific topic. This customizable PowerPoint slide shows the findings and your evaluation of a subject. Download this PPT layout and grab your audience’s attention with your balanced review.

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Here is another beautiful preset for showcasing your analysis on the subject. Support your research scope and evaluation with this actionable PowerPoint template. Deploying this fully editable PPT diagram helps you professionally showcase your knowledge on the topic. Use this ready-made PowerPoint Template and justify your thesis or research questions in detail. Grab this template now!

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Do you want to summarize your arguments on a particular topic? Incorporate this content-ready PowerPoint template and present your research on a chosen subject. Use this ready-made PPT graphic and provide an overview of the key findings and unresolved problems that your research has addressed. It is a custom-made PPT template. Download now!

Template 8: Literature Review PPT Slide

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Template 9: Literature Review PowerPoint Template

Use this one-page literature review PowerPoint Slide and showcase your audience with a description, summary, and critical evaluation of your work. Incorporate this actionable PPT design and provide your audience with an overview of sources you have explored while studying the topic. Deploy this custom-made PowerPoint Template to demonstrate how and where your research fits within the broader field of investigation and research.

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Finally, the gist

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Literature Review FAQs

What are the important parts of literature review.

Like most academic papers, literature reviews also comprise three basic elements:

• An introduction or background information section
• The body of the review containing the discussion of sources
• Conclusion and/or recommendations section to end the paper.

What is reviewed in a literature review?

A literature review is a academic writing providing audience with the knowledge and understanding literature on a specific topic. A literature review includes a critical analysis of the material; this is why it is called a literature review rather than a literature report.

What are the characteristics of a good literature review?

An effective literature review provides an overview of an existing research in the following ways:

• Outlining research trends
• Evaluating strengths and weaknesses of the subject
• Identifying potential gaps in the topic
• Establishing the need for current/future research projects

Why is literature review important?

Literature review helps in gaining an understanding of the existing research. It expands your knowledge relevant to a particular topic or area of study. It is also important as literature reviews showcase improvements needed in a piece of literature. The key word to remember in speaking about literature reviews is critique. We critique to produce better body of literature the next time.

Why do we need literature review?

The purpose of any literature review is to summarize the arguments and ideas of existing knowledge on a particular subject without adding any new contribution. Being built on existing knowledge, literature review helps the researcher to bring new insights and even bring a fresh, unique perspective to view the original topic of research.

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Systematic Review

Oct 12, 2012

970 likes | 2.18k Views

Systematic Review. An Introduction. Review. The general term for all attempts to synthesize the results and conclusions of two or more publications on a given topic. A review may or may not be systematic. Overview=Systematic Review.

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• data extraction
• research findings
• study selection
• inadequate sample size

Presentation Transcript

Systematic Review An Introduction

Review • The general term for all attempts to synthesize the results and conclusions of two or more publications on a given topic. A review may or may not be systematic. R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Overview=Systematic Review • A review of the evidence on a clearly formulated question that uses systematic and explicit methods to identify, select and critically appraise relevant primary research, and to extract and analyze data from the studies that are included in the review. R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Meta-analysis • When an systematic review incorporates a specific statistical strategy for assembling the results of several studies into a single estimate. R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

A systematic review may, or may not, include meta-analysis. • Systematic review is always appropriate and desirable, but it may sometime inappropriate to statistically pool results from separate studies. R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

A single study may produce a false negative results, due to inadequate sample size. • In the meta-analysis the necessary number of participants can be reached, and small effects can be detected or excluded with confidence. R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Systematic Review:Epidemiology of results Where the findings of an original study replace the individual as the unit of analysis.

Narrative reviews • The classical review is subjective and therefore prone to bias and error. • Selective inclusion of studies that support the author’s view is common. • It ignores sample size, effect size, and research design. • Systematic reviews allow a more objectives appraisal. R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Historical notes • The statistical basis of meta-analysis reaches back to the 17th century in astronomy and geodesy. • In 1976 the psychologist Glass coined the term “meta-analysis”. • In the 1980s meta-analysis became increasingly popular in medicine. R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Finally: • Cochrane Collaboration was held in Oxford in October 1993. The Collaboration aims to help people make well-informed decision about health care by preparing, maintaining and promoting the accessibility of systematic review. R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Principles of and procedures for systematic review Systematic reviews should be as carefully planned as any other research project, with a detailed written protocol in advance.

Stage 1 Planning the review Stage 2 Conducting a review Stage 3 Reporting & dissemination R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Stage 1 Planning the review Phase 0 Identification of the need for a review Phase 1 Preparation of a proposal for a review Phase 2 Development of a review protocol R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Stage 2 Conducting a review Phase 3 Identification of research Phase 4 Selection of studies Phase 5 Study quality assessment Phase 6 Data extraction and monitoring progress Phase 7 Data synthesis R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Stage 3 Reporting & dissemination Phase 8 The report and recommendations Phase 9 Getting evidence into practice R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Developing a Protocol for a Systematic Review

Role of the protocol • A written document that forms the ’plan’ for the review • A protocol helps to avoid or minimise bias • Bias may occur in the retrieval, selection, extraction of data and evaluation of results • A protocol can (and should be) sent for external peer review R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Components of a protocol • Background • Review questions/ Objectives • Search strategy • Study selection criteria and procedures • Study quality assessment checklists and procedures R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Components of a protocol • Data extraction strategy • Data synthesis strategy • Project timetable R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Background section • Patients / disease characteristics • Course of disease • Pathophysiology • Interventions R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Research questions/ objectives • Population/ participants • Interventions • Outcomes • Study designs R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Literature search • Search strategy should specify which databases and other sources will be searched • Based on components of review questions • Do not need to present detailed search strategies in protocol R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Possible sources of literature • Electronic databases • Medline, Embase, PsycLIT, CINAHL • specialist trial registers e.g. CCTR • Handsearching • Checking reference lists • Personal communication • Pharmaceutical companies • Grey literature R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Study selection criteria • Should follow from research questions • i.e. population, interventions, outcomes, study design • Inclusion and exclusion criteria • Details of selection process should be set out here (how many reviewers, how are disagreements resolved?) R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Study quality assessment • Purpose of quality assessment? • For selection? For data synthesis? For implications of results? • Choose appropriate checklist (related to study design) • Details of assessment process (how many reviewers, disagreements etc) R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Data extraction strategy • Think about what data you need to extract from included studies to answer the questions • Pilot a draft data extraction form • Agree process (how many reviewers, disagreements etc) • Any manipulation of study data to be reported here R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Data synthesis • Will results be pooled? How? • How will differences between studies be taken into account? • Proposed sensitivity analyses? Subgroups? • How will results be displayed? • May not be possible to be specific at protocol stage R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Dissemination • How will you publish it? In what format? R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Timescale • Set out key milestones (e.g. searching, study selection, data extraction, draft report to peer review, final report) • Some stages may overlap • An end date for the review is the most important! R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Limitations of Systematic Review • Reporting bias and the inadequate quality of primary research are potentially serious problems for systematic reviews. • The quality of component studies is of crucial importance. • The dissemination of research findings is not a random process; rather it is strongly influenced by the nature and direction of results. R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Publication bias The publication or non-publication of research findings, depending on the nature and direction of the results Type of reporting bias R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Time lag bias The rapid or delayed publication of research finding, depending on the nature and direction of the results R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Multiple (duplicate) publication bias The multiple or singular publication of research finding, depending on the nature and direction of the results R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Citation bias The citation or non-citation of research finding, depending on the nature and direction of the results R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Language bias The publication of research finding in a particular language, depending on the nature and direction of the results R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

Outcome reporting bias The selective reporting outcomes but not of others , depending on the nature and direction of the results R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

The inclusion of data from unpublished studies can itself introduce bias. • Unpublished studies may be of lower methodological quality than published studies. R. Heshmat MD; PhD candidate

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Cellular Phone-Based Technologies For Monitoring Of Patients With Diabetes: a Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Class 3 Professor Doutor João Fonseca Introdução à Medicina II. Mobile phone based tecnhologies. Chronic diseases. 60% of all deaths [1]

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What is a systematic review. a review strives to comprehensively identify and track down all the literature on a given topic incorporates a specific statistical strategy “ Meta-analysis ” for assembling the results of several studies into a single estimate ”. Introduction. Current practice:

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Developing a Systematic Review

Developing a Systematic Review. Fiona Morgan. STEP 1 Develop a protocol. Focused question. PICO/PECO Population/Problem Intervention or Exposure Comparator/Control Outcome(s). And…. Study design Languages Publication status Years. STEP 2 Search the Literature.

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Shepherd Center Systematic Review Group

Locomotor Training Interventions to Improve Neurological Outcomes after SCI Summary of a Research Synthesis Shepherd Center Study Group. Shepherd Center Systematic Review Group. Leadership team: Lesley Hudson, MS, David Apple, MD, Deborah Backus, PhD, PT Neural Reviewers: David Apple, MD

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Systematic Review vs. Meta Analysis

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META-ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

META-ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Gianluigi Savarese, MD, FESC, ACC FIT Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. What is a Systematic Review?.

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Systematic Review (Advanced_Course_Module_6_Appendix)

Systematic Review (Advanced_Course_Module_6_Appendix). Performing systematic reviews in resource-limited settings May 19, 2018 MLA Annual Conference, Atlanta GA. The material for this appendix is part of: Performing systematic reviews in resource-limited settings

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Systematic review and meta-analysis. By : Amin Salehi Abargouei. Why do we need reviews?. Volume of literature +20,000 biomed journals +7,000 in Medline 2 million articles a year General medicine – 17 major journals. Literature review.

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Systematic review and meta-analysis. By : Amin Salehi Abargouei. Meta-analysis. Narrative review. Abelson: Doing arithmetic with words P value=0.001 Large effect in a small sample. Slight effect in a large sample. P value=0.5 Small effect in a large sample size.

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