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Anne Frank, Ellen Weinberger, Margot Frank and Gabrielle Kahn having a tea party with their dolls at the home of Gabrielle Kahn in Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1934

Anne Frank Biography: Who was Anne Frank?

The story of what happened to Anne Frank is among the most well-known of the six million Jews who died in the Holocaust. Her diary is the first encounter many people have with the history of Nazi Germany's attempt to murder all the Jews of Europe during World War II.

Anne Frank and her family spent two years hiding in a secret apartment behind her father’s former office in Amsterdam.

The Franks and four other Jews who were hiding with them were discovered by authorities on August 4, 1944.

The only member of the Frank family who survived the Holocaust was Anne’s father, Otto, who later worked diligently to get his daughter’s diary published.

  • children's diaries

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Who was Anne Frank?

Anne Frank was a German girl and Jewish victim of the Holocaust who is famous for keeping a diary of her experiences. Anne and her family went into hiding for two years to avoid Nazi persecution. Her documentation of this time is now published in The Diary of a Young Girl . 

Early Years

Margot and Anne Frank before their family fled to the Netherlands.

For the first 5 years of her life, Anne lived with her parents and older sister, Margot, in an apartment on the outskirts of Frankfurt. After the Nazis came to power in 1933, Otto Frank fled to Amsterdam in the Netherlands, where he had business connections. The rest of the Frank family soon followed, with Anne being the last of the family to arrive in February 1934 after staying with her grandparents in Aachen.

The Fate of Jews in Amsterdam

The fate of the Frank family and other Jews in Amsterdam was wrapped up with the German occupation of the city, which began in May 1940. In early 1942, the Germans began preparations to deport Jews from the Netherlands to killing centers in the east. At this time, they required all Dutch Jews to be concentrated in Amsterdam. They also decided to intern all non-Dutch Jews in Westerbork transit camp. From Westerbork, German officials deported the Jews to Auschwitz-Birkenau and Sobibor killing centers in German-occupied Poland. The first deportation transport left Westerbork on July 15, 1942, for Auschwitz-Birkenau. These deportations and the escalating anti-Jewish measures alarmed many Jews in the Netherlands, including the Franks.

Anne Frank: Amsterdam and deportation

  While in hiding, Anne kept a diary in which she recorded her fears, hopes, and experiences.

What Happened to Anne Frank and Her Family?

On August 4, 1944, the German SS and police discovered the hiding place. It has been long thought that the authorities acted after being tipped off by an anonymous Dutch caller. But a more recent theory is that the Germans discovered the hiding place by chance, while investigating reports that illegal work and fraud with ration coupons were occurring at the house.

That day, an SS Sergeant ( Hauptscharführer ) named Karl Silberbauer and two Dutch policemen arrested the Franks. The Gestapo sent the family to Westerbork transit camp on August 8. One month later, on September 3, 1944, SS and police authorities placed the Franks and the four others hiding with them on a train transport to Auschwitz-Birkenau in German-occupied Poland. This was the last transport from Westerbork to Auschwitz.

The transport arrived in Auschwitz two days later with 1,019 Jews on board. Men and women were separated. All of the Secret Annex residents were selected for forced labor.

Like other Jews selected for labor, the women chosen from this transport, including Anne, Edith, and Margot, were tattooed with prisoner numbers. Records indicating their exact numbers have not been preserved. Although Anne Frank's death certificate documents her movement between camps, it does not include her tattoo ID number.

Anne and her sister, Margot were transferred to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in northern Germany in early November 1944.

The Fate of the Frank Family: How and When Did Anne Frank Die?

Anne Frank died in February or March 1945, shortly before British troops liberated Bergen-Belsen on April 15, 1945. Anne Frank died at the age of 15. Margot Frank died at the age of 19, also in February or March 1945. Both Margot and Anne died of typhus.

SS officials also selected Anne's parents for labor. Anne's mother, Edith died in Auschwitz in early January 1945.

The house at Prinsengracht 263, where Anne Frank and her family were hidden.

The home where the Franks hid in Amsterdam continues to attract a large audience. Now known as the Anne Frank House, it drew more than 1.2 million visitors in 2017.

Series: Anne Frank

3 paragraph essay about anne frank

Anne Frank: Diary

Anne frank: amsterdam and deportation.

3 paragraph essay about anne frank

Children's Diaries during the Holocaust

3 paragraph essay about anne frank

Children during the Holocaust

3 paragraph essay about anne frank

Life in Shadows: Hidden Children and the Holocaust

3 paragraph essay about anne frank

How did the Nazis and their collaborators implement the Holocaust?

3 paragraph essay about anne frank

The Netherlands

3 paragraph essay about anne frank

Bergen-Belsen

Critical thinking questions.

  • Find diaries of other children impacted by the Holocaust. Compare and contrast their stories with Anne and Margot’s.
  • Learn about the network of individuals who tried to shield the Franks from arrest. What pressures and motivations may have affected them?

Thank you for supporting our work

We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. View the list of all donors .

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  • Articles / Historical Figures Article

Short Summary of Anne Frank (1929-1945)

  • By Siobhan Wood
  • May 23rd, 2020

Anne Frank with her arms crossed and a book on the table smiling.

Anne Frank was a German Jewish girl who went into hiding in Amsterdam during Nazi occupation in the Second World War.

Presented with a diary on her thirteenth birthday, Anne used it to document events in hiding, as well as her feelings and thoughts about life in her family’s cramped hiding place. Tragically, the hiding place was discovered in 1944, and Anne was deported to a concentration camp, where she sadly died in 1945.

Anne Frank writing in a book while sitting on a chair behind a desk and looking at the camera.

Anne wanted to become a journalist and so her father published her diary in June 1947, to honor her memory and to raise awareness of the dangers of racism and discrimination.

Her diary lives on to tell the story of groups persecuted by the Nazis, has been translated into around 70 languages and has been adapted for stage and screen.

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Document Deep Dive

How Anne Frank’s Diary Changed the World

The most famous account of life during the Holocaust has been read by tens of millions of people

Text by Scott Christianson; Interactive by Chris Heller

3 paragraph essay about anne frank

Anne Frank was a German-Jewish teenager who was forced to go into hiding in Nazi-occupied Amsterdam, Holland during the Holocaust. Shortly after receiving a diary for her 13th birthday, the girl started recording entries on June 14, 1942, and she continued writing down her impressions while confined with her family and four other fugitives as they hid behind a bookcase in a concealed attic space in her father's office building.

The young girl's entries were made in the form of letters to several imaginary friends and she also employed pseudonyms to conceal the identities of her fellow fugitives and accomplices. Like many other normal teenagers, Anne agonized over her conflicted feelings about her family and a possible romantic interest, as well as her evolving thoughts about life. But her extraordinary depth and fine literary ability, combined with her optimism in the face of such adversity made her account a literary and historical treasure.

"It's a wonder I haven't abandoned all my ideals," she wrote shortly before her arrest,

they seem so absurd and impractical. Yet I cling to them because I still believe, in spite of everything, that people are truly good at heart… I see the world being slowly transformed into a wilderness, I hear the approaching thunder that, one day, will destroy us too, I feel the suffering of millions. And yet, when I look up at the sky, I somehow feel that everything will change for the better that this cruelty too shall end, that peace and tranquility will return once more.

Anne would end up spending two years and one month closeted in the hideaway, before the group was betrayed and sent off to concentration camps. Of the eight persons in hiding in the attic, only her father would survive. Anne succumbed to typhus in Belsen-Belsen in March 1945. She was just fifteen.

A family friend later retrieved the diary from the attic and presented it to Anne's father after the war. Upon reading it, Otto Frank persevered to get it published.

The diary first appeared in Amsterdam in 1947 and was subsequently published in the U.S. and the United Kingdom as  Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl  in 1952. Its immense popularity inspired award-winning stage and movie versions.

To date the book has sold more than 30 million copies in 67 languages. The original manuscript was bequeathed to the Netherlands Institute for War Documentation.

This article is excerpted from Scott Christianson's " 100 Documents That Changed The World ," available November 10.

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100 Documents That Changed the World

A tour of the history of the world through the declarations, manifestos, and agreements from the Magna Carta and the Declaration of Independence to Wikileaks.

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3 paragraph essay about anne frank

The Diary of Anne Frank

Ask litcharts ai: the answer to your questions.

Welcome to the LitCharts study guide on Anne Frank's The Diary of Anne Frank . Created by the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts are the world's best literature guides.

The Diary of Anne Frank: Introduction

The diary of anne frank: plot summary, the diary of anne frank: detailed summary & analysis, the diary of anne frank: themes, the diary of anne frank: quotes, the diary of anne frank: characters, the diary of anne frank: symbols, the diary of anne frank: theme wheel, brief biography of anne frank.

The Diary of Anne Frank PDF

Historical Context of The Diary of Anne Frank

Other books related to the diary of anne frank.

  • Full Title: Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl
  • When Written: 1942-1944
  • Where Written: Amsterdam, Holland
  • When Published: The diary was first published in 1947 under the title Het Achterhuis. Dagboekbrieven 14 juni 1942 – 1 augustus 1944 ( The Annex: Diary Notes from 14 June 1942 – 1 August 1944 ). The book first appeared in English in 1952, under the title Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl . 1989's The Diary of Anne Frank: The Revised Critical Edition presented the original English translation alongside Anne's two original drafts.
  • Genre: Memoir
  • Setting: Amsterdam, Holland
  • Climax: The Franks, the van Daans, Mr. Kugler, Mr. Kleiman, and Mr. Dussel are arrested by the SS.
  • Antagonist: Hitler and, by extension, the Nazi Party
  • Point of View: First Person

Extra Credit for The Diary of Anne Frank

Just a Bit Too Frank: Given the sexually explicit and at times homoerotic nature of the 50th Anniversary "Definitive Edition" of Anne Frank's diary, The Diary of a Young Girl was banned by the Culpepper County, Virginia schools in 2010.

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Essay on Anne Frank

Students are often asked to write an essay on Anne Frank in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Anne Frank

Introduction.

Anne Frank was a Jewish girl born on June 12, 1929, in Frankfurt, Germany. Her family moved to Amsterdam in 1933, escaping the growing Nazi power.

Life in Hiding

When the Nazis invaded the Netherlands in 1942, Anne and her family went into hiding in a secret annex. Here, she wrote her now-famous diary.

Anne’s diary, written between 1942 and 1944, provides a vivid account of her life in hiding. It’s a powerful testament to her courage and hope during a time of great fear and uncertainty.

After her death in a concentration camp in 1945, Anne’s father published her diary. Today, it serves as a reminder of the horrors of the Holocaust.

250 Words Essay on Anne Frank

Anne Frank, born Annelies Marie Frank on June 12, 1929, is one of the most renowned and most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Known for the diary she wrote while hiding from the Nazis in Amsterdam during World War II, her story is a powerful narrative of hope amidst the horrors of war.

Anne’s family went into hiding in a secret annex in her father’s office building in 1942, after her sister Margot received a call-up notice from the Central Office for Jewish Emigration. For over two years, Anne documented her experiences, thoughts, and emotions in her diary, providing a unique insight into the life of Jews during the Nazi regime.

In August 1944, the Secret Annex was discovered, and its occupants were sent to concentration camps. Anne and Margot died of typhus in Bergen-Belsen camp in early 1945. Her father, Otto Frank, the only survivor, returned to Amsterdam after the war and discovered Anne’s diary. Recognizing its historical and personal value, he published it in 1947.

Anne Frank’s Diary, now translated into more than 70 languages, serves as a stark reminder of the atrocities of the Holocaust. It also stands as a testament to the resilience of the human spirit in the face of adversity. Anne’s poignant writing, her introspection, and her unwavering hope in humanity continue to inspire millions around the globe. Her story remains a powerful symbol against intolerance, racism, and prejudice.

500 Words Essay on Anne Frank

Anne frank: a voice from the shadows.

Anne Frank, a name that resonates with millions around the world, symbolizes the human spirit’s resilience in the face of horrifying adversity. Born on June 12, 1929, in Frankfurt, Germany, Annelies Marie Frank was a German-Dutch diarist, globally recognized for her poignant diary written during the Holocaust.

Early Life and Emigration

Anne Frank was born into a liberal Jewish family. Her father, Otto Frank, was a decorated German officer in World War I. However, when the Nazis came to power in 1933, Otto, sensing the impending danger, moved his family to Amsterdam, Netherlands. For a while, they lived a peaceful life, until the Nazis invaded the Netherlands in 1940, and the Franks found themselves entrapped once again.

The Secret Annex

In 1942, when the Nazis began deporting Jews to concentration camps, the Frank family went into hiding in a secret annex above Otto Frank’s office. Here, Anne began her diary, initially intended as a personal memoir but later revised with the aim of publication after the war. She documented her experiences, fears, hopes, and the claustrophobic reality of her life in hiding.

The Diary of Anne Frank

Anne’s diary, a unique blend of adolescent introspection and terrifying reality, is a testament to her extraordinary narrative skill. Her entries, filled with vivid descriptions and insightful reflections, depict the horrors of war, the human capacity for cruelty, and the sparks of kindness and humanity that persist even in the darkest times. She also explored her identity, ambitions, and the complex dynamics of growing up in such an oppressive environment.

Arrest and Death

In August 1944, the Frank family was betrayed, leading to their arrest and deportation. Anne and her sister Margot were transferred to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where they both died of typhus in March 1945, just weeks before the camp’s liberation. Anne was only 15.

After the war, Otto Frank, the only surviving member of the family, returned to Amsterdam, where he discovered Anne’s diary. He decided to fulfill her wish to have it published. The diary, translated into more than 70 languages, has become one of the world’s most widely read books, shedding light on the Holocaust’s horrors through the eyes of a young girl.

Anne Frank’s story is a stark reminder of the devastating consequences of prejudice and hatred. Her diary, a testament to the indomitable human spirit, continues to inspire generations, advocating for tolerance, empathy, and peace. Though her life was tragically cut short, her voice echoes through the corridors of history, urging us to remember and learn from the past.

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3 paragraph essay about anne frank

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The complete works of Anne Frank

When reading about The diary of Anne Frank , most people assume that a single diary is all there is. But in reality, Anne's work comprises much more. Here you can read what Anne wrote and how it all merged into the book you can now find in the bookstore.

When does Anne get her diary?

On 12 June 1942, Anne was given a diary for her thirteenth birthday. It was something she really wanted. Her parents let her to pick one out herself in a bookshop.

When does Anne start writing?

On her birthday, Anne only wrote that she hoped that she would be able to entrust everything to her diary and that it would be a great support. The actual writing started two days after her birthday, on 14 June 1942.

In which language does Anne write?

Anne wrote in Dutch. On occasion, she used German or English words.

‘The finest thing of all is that I can at least write down what I think and feel, otherwise I would suffocate completely.’ Anne Frank, 16 March 1944

Anne addresses her diary letters to Kitty. Who was Kitty?

Kitty was the fictional character Anne eventually addressed all her diary letters to. The name Kitty came from a series of books Anne had read, by Dutch author Cissy van Marxveldt. These books were about Joop, a girl who had all kinds of adventures with her group of friends.

One of the books from this series was partly written in the form of letters. This inspired Anne to do the same: from 21 September 1942 onwards, she pretended to send letters to Joop’s circle of friends.

Kitty Francken was one of the characters from that group. Anne preferred to write to 'her'. The Kitty character in the Cissy van Marxveldt books was ‘bright', cheerful, and funny. And so, Kitty became the imaginary friend Anne confided in.

What happens when Anne has filled up the diary she had been given?

Anne took her diary with her when she went into hiding. It was one of the first items she packed.

  • The last entry is dated 5 December 1942. By then, she had been in hiding in the Secret Annex for five months. The diary was not completely filled, there still were several empty pages.
  • Anne added some texts at later dates, for instance on 2 May 1943 and on 22 January 1944.
  • Anne apparently considered the diary to be full and continued to write in notebooks. She would receive these notebooks from her sister Margot and the helpers.
  • The 1943 notebooks have not survived (see below). The two notebooks from 1944 have: one covers the period from 22 December 1943 - 17 April 1944 and the other from 18 April 1944 - 1 August 1944.

What is the date of Anne’s last entry?

Anne's last diary letter is dated 1 August 1944, three days before the arrest.

Does Anne only write in her diary?

No, Anne wrote much more:

  • Tales. Anne wrote 34 tales. About her schooldays, things that happened in the Secret Annex, or fairytales she invented herself.
  • The Book of Beautiful Sentences . These were not her own texts, but sentences and passages she copied from books she read in the hiding place. Her father inspired her to do so.
  • Cady’s Life . This is the title of the novel Anne attempted to write. She quit after a few chapters.
  • Het Achterhuis ( The Secret Annex ). This was the title Anne had in mind for a book about her time in the Secret Annex. She used the texts of her diary as a basis. We therefore have two versions of some of the diary letters: Anne’s original diary letter and her rewritten version.

What inspires Anne to write a book about her time in the Secret Annex?

On 28 March 1944, the people in hiding in the Secret Annex heard an appeal on the radio from Dutch minister Bolkestein, who had fled to London because of the war. He asked the Dutch to hang on to important documents, so that it would be clear after the war what they all had experienced during the German occupation.

He inspired Anne: she planned after the war to publish a book about her time in hiding. She also came up with a title: Het Achterhuis , or The Secret Annex . She started working on this project on 20 May 1944. Anne rewrote a large part of her diary, omitted some texts and added many new ones. She wrote the new texts on separate sheets of paper. She describes the period from 12 June 1942 to 29 March 1944. Anne worked hard: in a those few months, she wrote around 50,000 words, filling more than 215 sheets of paper.

What are the main differences between Anne's diary and The Secret Annex?

15-year-old Anne looked very critically at the texts written by 13-year-old Anne. She gave to the texts written during the first six months in hiding an especially thorough going-over. There, the differences between the original diary and Anne's rewritten version are the greatest. Since the original diary letters from 1943 have not survived, we do not know anything about them. It is noteworthy that in The Secret Annex , Anne left out her notes about her love for Peter and her vicious remarks about her mother, such as 'my mother is in most things an example to me, but then an example of precisely how I shouldn’t do things.'

What does writing mean to Anne?

Writing meant a great deal to Anne. It was her way to vent.

The nicest part is being able to write down all my thoughts and feelings; otherwise, I'd absolutely suffocate. (Anne Frank, 16 March 1944.)

She hoped one day to become a famous writer or journalist. Although she doubted from time to time whether she was talented enough, Anne wanted to write anyway.

Why have Anne's writings from 1943 (from 6 December 1942 - 21 December 1943) not survived?

We do not know, nor do we have any clue how many notebooks there were for this period. So far, they have not resurfaced. Luckily, Anne’s rewritten version for that period has survived.

How was the diary preserved?

After the arrest of the eight people in hiding, helpers Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl found Anne's writings in the Secret Annex. Miep held on to Anne's diaries and papers and kept them in a drawer of her desk. She hoped that she would one day be able to return them to Anne. When she learned that Anne had died in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, she gave all the notebooks and papers to Anne's father, Otto Frank.

After the war, Otto Frank published the diary. Were any changes made to the texts at that time?

Otto did not just publish Anne's rewritten version, The Secret Annex . From 29 March 1944 onwards, he added Anne's original diary texts. He also reinserted some of the passages that Anne had left out when rewriting her diary. In 2000, it turned out that Otto had withheld a diary letter in which Anne was very critical of his marriage to Edith.

The Secret Annex was published on 25 June 1947. Otto compiled the book from Anne's rewritten version, her original diary texts and some of her short stories. He also corrected the language errors in Anne's texts.

In 1986, a scientific edition of Anne's texts was published. This edition presents Anne's diary text, her rewritten version, and Otto Frank’s version on the same page This shows clearly how Anne changed the original texts, which choices Otto Frank made, and what he adapted, omitted, or changed.

New texts from diary of Anne Frank revealed

The Anne Frank House, together with the Huygens Institute for the History of the Netherlands and the NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, presented on 15 May 2018 the hidden text on two pages covered up with gummed paper in the first diary of Anne Frank, with its red checked cover.

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