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10: Ecosystems
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- Page ID 103375
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Chapter Summary
chapter summary here
- 10.1: Introduction to Ecosystem Ecology An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their interactions with their abiotic (non-living) environment. Ecosystem ecology focuses on the transfer of energy and matter among living and non-living components within and between ecosystems. Ecosystems can be classified based on their general environment: freshwater, ocean water, and terrestrial. Ecologists study ecosystems using controlled experiments (in either natural or manipulated environments) and by creating ecosystem models that d
- 10.2: Energy Flow through Ecosystems All living things require energy in one form or another as it is required by most life-sustaining metabolic pathways. Productivity within an ecosystem can be defined as the percentage of energy entering the ecosystem incorporated into biomass in a particular trophic level. The productivity of the primary producers is especially important in any ecosystem because these organisms bring energy to other living organisms. The structure of ecosystems can be visualized with ecological pyramids which il
- 10.3: Biogeochemical Cycles The matter that makes up living organisms is conserved and recycled. The six most common elements associated with organic molecules—carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur—take a variety of chemical forms and may exist for long periods in the atmosphere, on land, in water, or beneath the Earth’s surface. Geologic processes, such as weathering, erosion, water drainage, and the subduction of the continental plates, all play a role in this recycling of materials.
- 10.4: Ecosystem Services Ecosystem services are the many and varied benefits to humans provided by the natural environment and healthy ecosystems. Functioning healthy ecosystems offer such things as natural pollination of crops, clean air, extreme weather mitigation, and human mental and physical well-being. Collectively, these benefits are becoming known as ecosystem services, and are often integral to the provision of food, the provisioning of clean drinking water, the decomposition of wastes, and the resilience and p
- 10.5: Resistance, Resilience, and Stability An ecosystem is said to possess ecological stability (or equilibrium) if it is capable of returning to its equilibrium state after a perturbation (a capacity known as resilience) or does not experience unexpected large changes in its characteristics across time.
Ecosystems and Environments
Ecosystems and Environments describes how people and all living things interact with and rely on their environments. Students will discover the difference between an ecosystem and an environment and will learn how both relate to the world around them. Students will learn that many living organisms can make up a single ecosystem within an environment.
In the “Options for Lesson” section, you will find a number of suggestions to add to, or alter, the lesson. One option is to assign students a specific ecosystem to research on their own. They can gather information and present what they find to the class.
Description
Additional information, what our ecosystems and environments lesson plan includes.
Lesson Objectives and Overview: Ecosystems and Environments teaches students how living things interact in their habitats. Students will learn the difference between the two terms and be able to identify different parts of an ecosystem. By the end, they will see how they, themselves, interact with and rely on their own ecosystem. This lesson is for students in 1st grade, 2nd grade, and 3rd grade.
Classroom Procedure
Every lesson plan provides you with a classroom procedure page that outlines a step-by-step guide to follow. You do not have to follow the guide exactly. The guide helps you organize the lesson and details when to hand out worksheets. It also lists information in the yellow box that you might find useful. You will find the lesson objectives, state standards, and number of class sessions the lesson should take to complete in this area. In addition, it describes the supplies you will need as well as what and how you need to prepare beforehand. This lesson requires no additional supplies apart from the worksheets.
Options for Lesson
In the “Options for Lesson” section, you will find some additional ideas or suggestions for extra tasks or activities or alternative ways to go about the lesson. One option is to add pairs of organisms to the activity to extend it. Another option is to have students, depending on their level, work independently on the assignments. You could use the practice worksheet as a homework assignment if you wish. Another suggestion for more advanced students is to assign a specific ecosystem to each student and have them research them further and later present to the class. They could use the internet or other resources to gather information.
Teacher Notes
The teacher notes page provides a little more guidance or direction on the lesson overall. It suggests teaching this lesson in conjunction with others about certain ecosystems, such as lesson on deserts or rainforests. You can use the blank lines on this page to write down ideas or thoughts you have before presenting the lesson to your students.
ECOSYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTS LESSON PLAN CONTENT PAGES
Introduction.
The Ecosystems and Environments lesson plan includes two content pages. The first page defines the two terms and explains the differences between them. Everything a person sees as they look around them is part of their environment. People share their environment with the other people they interact with each day. This could involve talking or playing with someone, helping someone, or eating and sharing a meal. However, these interactions are specific to the ecosystem in which someone lives.
The lesson explains that an ecosystem includes plants and animals. But it’s not the same thing as the environment. A person’s pet, for instance, is just as much a part of the environment as the birds or squirrels in the trees in their backyard. However, sharing the same environment is not the same thing as sharing the same ecosystem. The environment includes an organism’s surroundings. The ecosystem is the place where organisms interact with each other. A person’s dog would be part of their ecosystem and environment. However, if the person doesn’t interact with the birds or squirrels outside, those animals would only be part of the person’s environment.
To further illustrate this point, students will review an example of moss on a fence post. Living in the moss might be insects, spiders, other types of plants, or tiny organisms that are only visible with a microscope. All these living things interact with each other to live, grow, and survive. They share the same ecosystem. If the fence post exists in someone’s backyard, then that person and the organisms on the fence post share the same environment.
More Examples
The environment beneath a rock could contain a completely separate ecosystem of worms, tiny plants, and other living things. In other words, there are many different ecosystems in the world that are part of the same environment. Some are big and some are as small as the area beneath a rock.
A puddle is another good example of an ecosystem for several living things. There can be plants, insects, or other tiny organisms living and surviving in the puddle of water. They depend on the water and its nutrients as well as sunlight to survive. It might even benefit the ecosystem if something disturbs the puddle sometimes. The temperature of the air plays a big role in the survival of the ecosystem.
The lesson then discusses the roles of various organisms within an environment. In the example of the puddle, an insect may be the food source for another organism, like a spider or bird. The plants provide foot for the insects. If the puddle evaporates from heat, the ecosystem dies. Alternatively, if a new organism joins, it can change life in the puddle.
Students will recognize that the members of an ecosystem rely on each other for survival. Every ecosystem has a food chain, a path by which energy from producers can transfer to consumers and later to decomposers. The plants are always producers, providing a food source for insects and other animals. Those animals are the consumers of the plants. Decomposers break down the dead plants and animals, which provides nutrients for plants, keeping the cycle going.
The largest ecosystems or environments include rainforests, deserts, oceans, lakes, mountains, swamps, and so many more. From the smallest to the largest, every environment is affected by pollution, litter, and other manmade disturbances. The lesson closes by explaining that it is important to protect ecosystems by taking care of the environments we live in.
Here is a list of the vocabulary words students will learn in this lesson plan:
- Environment: the area surrounding someone at any given time, such as a park, school, or house
- Ecosystem: the place where organisms interact with each other
- Food chain: a path by which energy transfers from producers to consumers to decomposers
- Producers: the living organisms that provide food or energy to consumers
- Consumers: the living organisms that eat producers for food or energy
- Decomposers: the living organisms that break down dead plants and animals
ECOSYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTS LESSON PLAN WORKSHEETS
The Ecosystems and Environments lesson plan has two worksheets: an activity worksheet and a practice worksheet. These will help students solidify their comprehension of the material. The guide on the classroom procedure page describes when to hand out each worksheet to the class.
COMPARE THE TWO ACTIVITY WORKSHEET
Students will review pairs of organisms for the activity. There are six pairs total for them to compare. At the end, there is a single question for them to answer. Students can work in pairs for the activity if you prefer. In addition, you can add more pairs to compare to provide students with extra practice.
ECOSYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTS PRACTICE WORKSHEET
You are welcome to use the practice worksheet as a homework assignment instead. (Review the “Options for Lesson” section on the classroom procedure page for additional suggestions.) There are two sections for this worksheet. The first section requires students to match terms to their correct definitions. There are 10 definitions in this section. The second part requires students to fill in the blanks in a paragraph using words from a word bank.
Worksheet Answer Keys
The last page of the document is an answer key for the practice worksheet. The correct responses are in red to make it easy to compare with students’ responses. If you choose to administer the lesson pages to your students via PDF, you will need to save a new file that omits this page. Otherwise, you can simply print out the applicable pages and keep this as reference for yourself when grading assignments
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Ecosystem (PDF)
An Ecosystem can simply be defined as a system comprising all living organisms existing with one another in a unit of space interacting with abiotic components. Download below details about the ecosystem in PDF format.
Ecosystems form the foundation of Biospheres and determine the life of organisms everywhere on planet earth. In an ecosystem, each and every single organism plays its part in the cyclic interaction of living things with their surrounding environments.
Living organisms depend on other non-living factors for their survival, and the absence of one can affect all the organisms in an ecosystem. Human beings are also very much dependent on an ecosystem for their survival. The benefits ecosystems provide us with are countless, which include food, water, soil formation, pollination and air purification.
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1. Lecture 4. Ecosystems: Definition, concept, structure and functions. Ecology is the science that deals with the relationships between living organisms with their physical environment and with each other. Ecology can be approached from the viewpoints of (1) the environment and the demands it places on the organisms in it or (2) organisms and ...
Every living being is responsible and is a part of multiple food chains in the given ecosystem. 4. Ecological pyramids The trophic levels of different organisms based on their ecological position as producer to final consumer is represented by ecological pyramid. The food producer is present at the base of the pyramid and on the top. Other consumer trophic levels are present in between.
INTRODUCTION. The term ecosystem was coined in 1935 by the Oxford ecologist A.G. Tensely to encompass the interactions among biotic and abiotic. components of the environment at a given site. Ecosystem was defined in its presently accepted form by Eugene. Odum, "an unit that includes all the organisms, i.e., the community in.
Evaporation is the change in water from a liquid to a gas. Water evaporates from the surface of the oceans, lakes, streams, and rivers. As the sun heats the surface waters, water will be released into the atmosphere in the form of water vapor. The greater the sun's energy, the more evaporation occurs.
Even today the non-living environment affects lifeforms of the earth and these together with the interactions taking place between the living and the non-living world, give rise to a variety of Ecosystems. 4.2. On completion of this unit, you should be able to: Elaborate upon the structure of an ecosystem.
weather characterize the biome. Within the Sahara are oasis ecosystems, which have date palm trees, freshwater, and animals such as crocodiles. The Sahara also has dune ecosystems, with the changing landscape determined by the wind. Organisms in these ecosystems, such as snakes or scorpions, must be able to survive in sand dunes for long ...
An ecosystem can be visualised as a functional unit of nature, where living organisms interact among themselves and also with the surrounding physical environment. Ecosystem varies greatly in size from a small pond to a large forest or a sea. Many ecologists regard the entire biosphere as a global ecosystem, as a composite of all local ...
Inorganic substances- There are various nutri ent elements and compounds, such as carbo n, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous, carbon-di-oxide, water, etc. These are involve din the cycling of ...
ecosystems, oceans ecosystems, estuaries ecosystems) Introduction to Major ecosystem Earth is the giant ecosystem (biosphere) where abiotic and biotic components are constantly acting and reacting upon each other brining structural and functional changes in it. These worst ecosystem is, how ever, difficult to handle and thus for convenience
10.1: Introduction to Ecosystem Ecology. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their interactions with their abiotic (non-living) environment. Ecosystem ecology focuses on the transfer of energy and matter among living and non-living components within and between ecosystems. Ecosystems can be classified based on their general ...
to sum up. Chapter Two: Forest Ecosystems. Forests are complex ecosystems that support a range of plants and animals. Forests are made up of several layers. The kinds of animals in a forest are related to the kinds of plants in the forest, plus other factors such as climate, soils, and landforms.
Biomes can sometimes appear as an ecosystem because of the interactions between plants and animals, which is a feature of an ecosystem as well. We often see multiple ecosystems in a single biome. The first type of biome is a desert. Deserts can be hot, dry, semi-arid, coastal, or cold.
In the space provided, indicate whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). If the statement is false, rewrite it to make it true. ___ (a) A rotting tree stump on a forest floor is too small to be considered an ecosystem. ___ (b) Rivers, lakes, and ponds are all freshwater ecosystems.
Topic 2:Ecosystem. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
Environment: the area surrounding someone at any given time, such as a park, school, or house. Ecosystem: the place where organisms interact with each other. Food chain: a path by which energy transfers from producers to consumers to decomposers. Producers: the living organisms that provide food or energy to consumers.
• Create a mini-ecosystem and explain the interactions between biotic and abiotic factors in the mini-ecosystem. • Connect to the storyline and create a model showing the relationship between bees and their ecosystem. • Engineer an artificial pollinator. Model of mini-ecosystem, CER argument, model of bees in their ecosystem 4 2-3 days 3 ...
which is known as an ecosystem.Ecosystem are the parts of nature where living orgaisms interact among themselves and with their physical environment. The term 'ecosystem' was coined by A.G. Tansley, an English botanist, in 1935. An ecosystem is the structural and functional unit of ecology (nature) encompassing complex interaction
Ecosystem (PDF) An Ecosystem can simply be defined as a system comprising all living organisms existing with one another in a unit of space interacting with abiotic components. Download below details about the ecosystem in PDF format. Ecosystems form the foundation of Biospheres and determine the life of organisms everywhere on planet earth.
Method. 1. Choose an ecosystem (forest, desert, coral reef, ocean, rocky shore, grassland, mountain, savanna, prairie and pond etc.) to study independently. Focus your research on the main biotic and abiotic elements in the ecosystem. Do some research as to what plants and animals live in the ecosystem and how they interact with each other (in ...
use the ecosystem approach to enhance human well-being. In 2005, the UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment examined a group of 24 ecosystem services and found that 15 were being degraded or used unsustainably. This decline in services disproportionately affects the world's most disadvantaged and vulnerable people. And as these problems,
Prompt. Advance preparation. 1. Duplicate prompt for each student. Procedure: 1. Explain that this assessment is to help the teacher and the students tell what they know about ecosystems. Explain that they will probably not be able to answer all the questions, but to try to do their best. 2.
Ecology is the scientific study o f organisms `at home' which is called as the 'environment'. The term 'environment' refers to those parts of the world or th e total set of circumstances, which ...
Valuation of environmental functions is needed to help correct economic decisions that treat the environment as if it were a free input, in turn resulting in its misuse and to track their contribution to national income . Presentation covers: Conceptual basis for valuation of ecosystem services. Different ecosystems and the associated ecosystem ...