essay on indian economy system

Essay on Indian Economy

India’s economy is described as huge, complex and growing. It is one of the most exciting and emerging markets in the world. Since 1951, India has grown as a planned economy. The first few plans focused on growth with the strengthening of the manufacturing sector, emphasising heavy industries to form the backbone of the economy. Other principal areas of planning were agriculture and social development. During the post-independence period and the period of the “Five-year plans”, efforts were focused on identifying the needs of the economy. Further, the economic reforms in the early 90s opened a new chapter in India’s economic history. It gave India an opportunity to shake off the shackles of its past and emerge on the world stage as a progressive nation. This essay on the Indian Economy will help students know about the Indian economy in detail.

Students can go through the list of CBSE Essays on different topics. It will help them to improve their writing skills and also increase their scores on the English exam. Moreover, they can participate in different essay writing competitions which are conducted at the school level.

500+ Words Essay on the Indian Economy

India is on the high road to economic growth. Since 2020, the world economy has declined due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Repeated waves of infection, supply-chain disruptions and inflation have created challenging times. Faced with these challenges, the Government of India has taken immediate action so that it has the least impact on the Indian economy.

The Indian economy has been staging a sustained recovery since the second half of 2020-21. However, the second wave of the pandemic in April-June 2021 was more severe from a health perspective. The national lockdown has affected small businesses, common people and everyone in India. Due to this, the Indian economy has gone down. But now, it is slowly rising up and taking its form.

Role of Agriculture in the Indian Economy

Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the Indian economy. It supplies food and raw materials in the country. At the time of independence, more than 70% of India’s population depended on agriculture to earn a livelihood. Accordingly, the share of agriculture in the national product/income was as high as 56.6% in 1950-51. However, with the development of industries and the service sector, the percentage of the population depending on agriculture, as well as the share of agriculture in the national product, has come down. Agriculture is the source of food supply. Agriculture is also a major source of foreign exchange earnings through export. The share of agriculture in India’s export in the year 2011-12 was 12.3%. The major items of export include tea, sugar, tobacco, spices, cotton, rice, fruits and vegetables, etc.

Role of Industry in India’s Economy

Industry is the secondary sector of the economy and is another important area of economic activity. After independence, the Government of India emphasised the role of industrialisation in the country’s economic development in the long run. Initially, the public sector contributed the maximum to economic growth. In the early 1990s, it was found that the public sector undertakings were not performing up to expectations. So, in 1991, the Indian Government decided to encourage the role of the private sector in industrial development. This step was taken to strengthen the process of industrialisation in India.

The progress of the Indian economy after independence was impressive indeed. India became self-sufficient in food production due to the green revolution, and industries became far more diversified. However, we still have to go a long way to become a 5 trillion economy by 2025. But, with government effort and the right policymakers, it can be achieved.

Students must have found this essay on the Indian Economy useful for improving their essay-writing skills. They can get the study material and the latest update on CBSE/ICSE/State Board/Competitive Exams at BYJU’S.

Register with BYJU'S & Download Free PDFs

Counselling

Essay on Indian Economy for Students and Children

500+ words essay on indian economy.

India is mainly an agricultural economy . Agricultural activities contribute about 50% of the economy. Agriculture involves growing and selling of crops, poultry, fishing, cattle rearing, and animal husbandry. People in India earn their livelihood by involving themselves in many of these activities. These activities are vital to our economy. The Indian economy has seen major growth in the last few decades. The credit for this boom largely goes to the service sector. Agriculture and associated activities have also been improvised to match the global standards and the export of various food products has seen an upward trend thereby adding to the economic growth. The industrial sector does not lag behind a bit. A number of new large scale, as well as small scale industries, have been set up in recent times and these have also proved to have a positive impact on the Indian economy.

Government’s Role in Economic Growth

Majority of the working Indian population was and is still engaged in the agriculture sector. Growing crops, fishing, poultry and animal husbandry were among the tasks undertaken by them. They manufactured handicraft items that were losing their charm with the introduction of the industrial goods. The demand for these goods began to decline. The agricultural activities also did not pay enough.

The government identified these problems as hindering the economic growth of the country and established policies to curb them. Promotion of cottage industry, providing fair wages to the laborers and providing enough means of livelihood to the people were some of the policies laid by the government for the country’s economic growth.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

The Rise of the Industrial Sector

The government of India also promoted the growth of small scale and large scale industry as it understood that agriculture alone would not be able to help in the country’s economic growth. Many industries have been set up since independence. A large number of people shifted from the agricultural sector to the industrial sector in an attempt to earn better.

Today, we have numerous industries manufacturing a large amount of raw material as well as finished goods. The pharmaceutical industry, iron and steel industry , chemical industry, textile industry, automotive industry, timber industry, jute, and paper industry are among some of the industries which have contributed a great deal in our economic growth.

The Growth in Service Sector

The service sector has also helped in the growth of our country. This sector has seen growth in the last few decades. The privatization of the banking and telecom sectors has a positive impact on the service sector. The tourism and hotel industries are also seeing a gradual growth. As per a recent survey, the service sector is contributing to more than 50% of the country’s economy.

Indian Economy after Demonetization

The worst affected were the people in the rural areas who did not have access to internet and plastic money. This affects many big and small businesses in the country very badly. Several of them were shut down as a result of this. While the short term effects of demonetization were devastating, this decision did have a brighter side when looked at from long term perspective.

The positive impact of demonetization on the Indian economy is a breakdown of black money, the decline in fake currency notes, increase in bank deposits, demonetization stopped the flow of black money in the real estate sector to ensure a fair play, increase in digital transactions, cutting monetary support for terrorist activities.

Many of our industries are cash-driven and sudden demonetization left all these industries starving. Also, many of our small scale, as well as large scale manufacturing industries, suffered huge losses thereby impacting the economy of the country negatively. Many factories and shops had to be shut down. This did not only impact the businesses but also the workers employed there. Several people, especially the laborers, lost their jobs.

The Indian economy undergoes several positive changes since independence. It is growing at a good pace. However, the rural regions of our country are still under-developed. The government must make efforts to improve the economic condition of these areas.

Customize your course in 30 seconds

Which class are you in.

Travelling Essay
Picnic Essay
Our Country Essay
My Parents Essay
Essay on Favourite Personality
Essay on Memorable Day of My Life
Essay on Knowledge is Power
Essay on Gurpurab
Essay on My Favourite Season
Essay on Types of Sports

Download the App

30,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today

Meet top uk universities from the comfort of your home, here’s your new year gift, one app for all your, study abroad needs, start your journey, track your progress, grow with the community and so much more.

Verification Code

An OTP has been sent to your registered mobile no. Please verify

Thanks for your comment !

Our team will review it before it's shown to our readers.

School Education /

Essay on Indian Economy for Students in 100, 200 and 500 Words

Updated on
Jan 12, 2024

Essay on Indian Economy: The Indian economy is a mixed economy, which is primarily driven by the agriculture and services sectors. The agriculture sector contributes to nearly 20% of India’s GDP. Whereas, the services sector accounts for nearly 50% of the country’s GDP. Furthermore, the manufacturing sector contributes to around 28% of India’s GDP. Globally, India is ranked 142nd and 125th in terms of per capita income and nominal GDP, as per the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Since independence, India has transformed from an agricultural country to a mixed economy due to liberalization in 1991. To read more about the Indian economy, keep reading the blog on sample essays about the same.

Table of Contents

1 100 words Essay on Indian Economy
2 200 words Essay on Indian Economy
3 500 words Essay on Indian Economy

100 words Essay on Indian Economy

The Indian economy is dynamic and rapidly growing. Currently, the economy is characterised by various sectors. The key contributors to the country’s economic growth are the agriculture, services, and manufacturing sectors. However, this was not always the case. India was an agricultural economy when the British left India in 1947 after plundering the sub-continent from 1600 to 1947.

After independence, India became a part of the global economy in 1991, when the central government adopted the Liberalisation, Privatisation, and Globalisation (LPG) policy. Since then, the Indian economy has expanded in the service and manufacturing sectors significantly. At present, the economy is driven by government initiatives like Make in India and Digital India. However, we have a long way to go.

Also Read: Find Economics PYQ UPSC Mains Question Bank: 2021-2018

200 words Essay on Indian Economy

Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy and of rural livelihoods. It not only employs a majority of the Indian population but also provides raw materials to different industries. In recent years, advancements and innovations in the industrial sector through schemes like the National Manufacturing Policy (NMP), the Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (TUFS), and Make in India have contributed to the growth of the Indian economy.

Despite progress and innovations in farming practices and the industrial sector both these industries are facing losses. This is due to limitations in government policies and a lack of awareness among the people of India. Even today, the agricultural sector is affected by outdated farming methods, dependency on weather, and a lack of skilled workers. All these issues need to be addressed by government policies that help promote an environment-friendly agriculture system that is profitable in nature. This will help the Indian economy grow.

Also, investment in business, easy bureaucratic processes, skilled development programmes, and research and development initiatives, will help in creating favourable conditions for the growth of the Indian economy.

Thus, to uplift the Indian economy, it is necessary to maintain a mutually beneficial partnership between the government and the agriculture and manufacturing sectors. The agriculture sector can grow by overcoming the challenges in farming practices. Whereas, the industrial sector will expand due to strategic investments and progressive policies.

Also Read: Indian Students Adding to the UK Economy

500 words Essay on Indian Economy

Policies for the growth of the Indian economy aim at overcoming poverty, reducing wealth gaps, and optimising productivity. The main purpose of bridging the wealth gap between different sections of society is to improve the overall well-being of its population for sustainable economic development.

1. Overcome of Poverty

As per the Niti Aayog report of July 17, 2023, there is a decrease in the population of people vulnerable to poverty. The percentage of decline is from 24.8 percent to 14.9 percent for four consecutive years, from 2015-2016 to 2019-2021. However, the government is implementing various policies such as the National Education Policy, 2020 (NEP), the National Health Policy, the National Employment Policy (NEP) and many more important programs and policies to decrease the numbers of percentage so that there can be boosted in education, healthcare, and employment opportunities can be raised.

More educated people with good health will better contribute to the Indian economy. Moreover, creating jobs and small businesses will also lead to increased income levels help reduce poverty and encourage economic growth.

2. Reduction of Wealth Gaps

The second important factor in the rise of the Indian economy is reducing the gap between the poor and the rich. To address the wealth gap, various programmes and schemes, such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna (PMJDY), are implemented. Furthermore, to support business innovators from minority communities, small-scale financing is provided through MUDRA Bank.

For social security, initiatives such as Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Yojana and Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Yojana are given to encourage social security. These initiatives contribute not only to narrowing the wealth gap through the even distribution of resources but also to establishing a pathway for economic growth in the Indian economy.

3. Fewer Labour Inputs and More Productivity

To encourage both domestic and international companies to invest in the Indian economy, particularly in manufacturing, and innovation, and more importantly, to achieve higher productivity with less input initiatives such as Make in India are encouraged, which not only helps for advancement in technology but also aid in mastering the skills.

The aim of the government of India’s Make in India scheme is to increase productivity and efficiency and reduce dependence on manpower across the different sectors of the Indian economy.

4. Abundance of Goods and Services

The rise in the production of goods and services for a certain period as compared to a previous period helps in the contribution of increased consumption by promoting market competitiveness and driving the innovation of an Indian economy.

Providing consumers with a good number of goods and services not only helps in catering choices but also creates opportunities for boosting business. An Indian economy with a steadfast supply of goods and services leads to stability of prices and improvement in the standard of living of the people.

In conclusion, addressing poverty, reducing the wealth gaps, increasing productivity with fewer labour inputs, and ensuring an abundant supply of goods and services helps in developing the Indian economy. The Indian government is actively implementing policies and technological advancements to encourage these factors and continually revising them to create a broad and steady Indian economy.

Deepika Joshi

Deepika Joshi is an experienced content writer with expertise in creating educational and informative content. She has a year of experience writing content for speeches, essays, NCERT, study abroad and EdTech SaaS. Her strengths lie in conducting thorough research and ananlysis to provide accurate and up-to-date information to readers. She enjoys staying updated on new skills and knowledge, particulary in education domain. In her free time, she loves to read articles, and blogs with related to her field to further expand her expertise. In personal life, she loves creative writing and aspire to connect with innovative people who have fresh ideas to offer.

Connect With Us

30,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today.

Resend OTP in

Need help with?

Study abroad.

UK, Canada, US & More

IELTS, GRE, GMAT & More

Scholarship, Loans & Forex

Country Preference

New Zealand

Which English test are you planning to take?

Which academic test are you planning to take.

Not Sure yet

When are you planning to take the exam?

Already booked my exam slot

Within 2 Months

Want to learn about the test

Which Degree do you wish to pursue?

When do you want to start studying abroad.

January 2024

September 2024

What is your budget to study abroad?

How would you describe this article ?

Please rate this article

We would like to hear more.

Have something on your mind?

Make your study abroad dream a reality in January 2022 with

India's Biggest Virtual University Fair

Essex Direct Admission Day

Why attend .

Don't Miss Out

India’s Largest Career Transformation Portal

Essay on Indian Economy for Students in English | 500 Words Essay

December 20, 2020 by Sandeep

Essay on Indian Economy: India is mainly an agrarian economy with agricultural supplies contributing up to 50% of the GDP index. The government has created fair policies with wage revisions and labourers rights to boost economic growth. The service sectors, manufacturing units, iron and steel companies, chemical and textile sectors, automobile industries contribute to the economy of the country. Privatisation of many sectors along with demonetization has affected both big and small businesses in the country.

Essay on Indian Economy 500 Words in English

Below we have provided Indian Economy Essay in English, written in easy and simple words for class 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 school students.

“There can be economy only where there is efficiency.” – Benjamin Disraeli

Indian economy is the fifth largest economy in the world currently. It is a developing market economy. The economic growth of India has even surpassed that of China in recent years. India has been able to successfully jump up ranks in various indexes, including the Ease of doing business index. Agriculture still remains the largest employer in the country, with the construction and real estate sector right behind it. India is the world’s second-largest coal and cement producer. The government has had a major role in accelerating the economic growth of the country.

The way industries operate in our country has been enhanced by the Industrial Policy. Many industries have been freed from the system of licensing and have no restriction on importing new and latest technology from other countries. The government has also taken up disinvestment in the industries where it is unprofitable. The focus on privatisation is being increased to intensify healthy competition. The government is also making efforts to revive and promote small scale industries and businesses.

The New Trade Policy has made it extremely easy for traders to carry out imports and exports. The trade of all items barring a restricted few has been allowed. Also, the tax on many items has been abolished, while for others, the amount has been visibly minimised. A lot of incentives are also being provided to exporters to encourage foreign trade and gain foreign currency.

History of the Indian Economy

For continuous 1700 years starting from the 1st century A.D., the Indian economy constituted about 35 to 40 percent of the world’s GDP and was the topmost flourishing economy. The Indus Valley civilisation proved to provide a form of permanent settlement to the people of the country alongside efficient water supply, urban planning and sanitation.

The silk route provides proof of early Indian trade. Under the Mughal empire, the Indian economy thrived and prospered. It was during this time that a focus on industrial production was also seen. Under the British rule, the Indian economy suffered some significant setbacks and was downtrodden. There were major changes seen in the agricultural sector. The commercialisation of agriculture increased. Farmers were forced to grow cash crops that were used in trade, rather than producing food crops.

This resulted in numerous famines. The once rich handicrafts and handloom sector also dipped and sunk during the British Raj. However, the colonial rule is responsible for giving the country railways, a legal system and a single currency exchange rate. The British era in India was rather exploitative, but our economy has come a long way since then with the help of policies pertaining to privatisation, liberalisation and globalisation .

Sectors of the Indian Economy

As the Indian economy has vastly diversified and grown in the previous years, the GDP contributed by the agricultural sector has reduced. However, it still continues to employ more than 50 percent of the country’s population . India is the largest producer of milk, pulses and jute and is the second-largest producer of wheat, rice and cotton. The agricultural sector accounts for about 20% of India’s GDP.

The main industries included in the Indian industrial sector include textile, construction, power, food processing, etc. The industrial sector employs around 22 percent of the country’s workforce and accounts for 26 percent of India’s GDP. Foreign Direct Investment is one measure by the government, which has increased foreign investments in the country, leading to further growth in this sector.

The services sector contributes the maximum to the GDP of the country. It includes financial services, aviation, insurance, hospitality, entertainment, etc. This sector employs around 23 percent of the Indian population. The main reason why the service sector has been able to do exceedingly well is because of outsourcing. The working population here is skilled, highly educated and cheaper than the labour in other countries.

Problems facing the Indian Economy

Unemployment is a problematic issue for the working-age population of India. The rate of unemployment has increased, and so has the population between the age bracket of 15-59 years. This unemployment is prevalent in the rural as well as the urban areas and is more widespread among the unskilled workers. A significant chunk, including women, especially those that live in rural areas are illiterate and have low educational standards. This leaves so much potential untapped and opportunities unexplored.

Essay on Indian Economy

Students are often asked to write an essay on Indian Economy in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Indian Economy

Introduction to indian economy.

The Indian economy is the world’s fifth-largest by nominal GDP. It’s a mixed economy, combining features of both market and planned economies.

Key Sectors

Agriculture, industry, and services are the three main sectors. Agriculture employs the most people, but services contribute the most to GDP.

Global Influence

India is part of BRICS and G-20, influential groups of major economies. It’s known for its IT and software services worldwide.

Despite progress, challenges like poverty, corruption, and inadequate public healthcare persist. Addressing these is crucial for sustainable growth.

Also check:

Speech on Indian Economy

250 Words Essay on Indian Economy

Introduction.

India, the world’s fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP, is a mixed economy that encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of industries, and a multitude of services.

Structural Transformation

The Indian economy has undergone a significant structural transformation over the past few decades. From being a primarily agrarian economy, it has diversified into manufacturing and services sectors. This shift has been catalyzed by liberalization policies, globalization, and advancements in technology.

Liberalization and Globalization

The economic liberalization of 1991, which included industrial deregulation, privatization of public enterprises, and reduced controls on foreign trade and investment, marked a turning point in India’s economic policy. It opened the Indian market to the global economy, resulting in increased flow of trade and foreign direct investment.

Despite the impressive economic growth, India grapples with several challenges. These include high unemployment rates, significant economic disparity, poor infrastructure, and inadequate public healthcare. Additionally, the informal economy, which constitutes a significant part of India’s GDP and employment, remains largely untapped and unregulated.

Future Prospects

The future of the Indian economy appears promising, with its demographic dividend, increasing integration with the global economy, and ongoing reforms. However, it is crucial for India to address its socio-economic challenges to ensure inclusive and sustainable growth.

In conclusion, the Indian economy, with its unique blend of the traditional and the modern, presents both opportunities and challenges. Its future trajectory depends on how effectively it navigates these complexities.

500 Words Essay on Indian Economy

The Indian economy, the world’s fifth-largest by nominal GDP, is a complex and diverse system, characterized by a mix of modern industries, traditional agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of services, and a multitude of intermediate sectors. It is a unique blend of the public and private sectors, with a rich cultural history that influences its economic practices.

Historical Overview

India’s economic history is marked by several key periods. The pre-colonial period was characterized by a self-sufficient rural economy with thriving urban centers of commerce and artisanship. The colonial period saw the systematic breakdown of these industries as India became a supplier of raw materials for Britain. Post-independence, the nation embarked on a socialist-inspired path with a focus on industrialization.

Liberalization and Its Impact

The economic liberalization of the 1990s marked a pivotal turn in India’s economic story. The introduction of market-friendly reforms under the New Economic Policy in 1991, aimed at ending protectionism and introducing market liberalization, led to a significant shift. The economy began to grow rapidly, with the service sector becoming a major contributor. The IT industry, in particular, emerged as a significant player, driving growth, creating jobs, and putting India on the global map.

Current Economic Scenario

Today, the Indian economy is characterized by a vibrant service sector, a burgeoning manufacturing industry, and a declining yet significant agricultural sector. The service sector contributes more than half of India’s GDP, with IT and IT-enabled services leading the way. The manufacturing sector, under the government’s ‘Make in India’ initiative, is slowly gaining ground. However, agriculture, which employs half of India’s workforce, is struggling with issues of productivity and sustainability.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite significant growth, the Indian economy faces several challenges. These include inadequate infrastructure, regulatory red tape, inconsistent economic reforms, and socio-economic issues like poverty, unemployment, and income inequality. The ongoing challenge of transitioning from an agrarian economy to a more industrial and service-oriented one also persists.

However, India also presents immense opportunities. Its demographic dividend, with a large, young, and increasingly urbanized and educated population, is a potential economic powerhouse. The ongoing digital revolution, with increasing internet penetration and digital literacy, opens up new avenues for growth.

Future Outlook

The future of the Indian economy lies in leveraging its strengths while addressing its challenges. Key areas of focus should include improving infrastructure, easing business regulations, enhancing agricultural productivity, and investing in human capital. The government’s initiatives like ‘Digital India’, ‘Skill India’, and ‘Startup India’ are steps in this direction. With the right policies and a conducive global environment, India has the potential to become a leading global economy.

In conclusion, the Indian economy, with its unique blend of traditional and modern, rural and urban, public and private sectors, presents a fascinating study. Its journey from a colonial supplier of raw materials to a potential global economic leader is a testament to its resilience and adaptability. While challenges remain, the opportunities are immense, making the future of the Indian economy an exciting prospect.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Essay on Development of India
Essay on Agriculture in India
Essay on India in 2047: The Global Power House

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

Essay on Indian Economy

To know and understand the nature of Indian economy, it is very necessary to have a clear idea about the meaning of Indian economy.

After Independence India launched her First Five Years plan in 1950-51; then now 5-Year Plan is going on.

Although India is an agro-based economy, but lot of emphasis has been given on the development of industries (both consumer goods and capital goods), service sector (including construction, trade, commerce, banking system etc.) and socio-economic infrastructure (like education, health, housing power, energy, transport, communication etc.).

Both central and state governments in India join their hands in all the spheres leading to economic development.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

On the basis of production :

Indian economy can broadly be divided into three heads:

(i) Primary or Agricultural Sector:

This sector consists of agriculture and its allied activities including dairy, poultry, cattle rearing, fishing, forestry, animal husbandry etc. In the primary sector, most of the goods are produced by using natural resources, since India is a overpopulated agro based economy, therefore, this sector plays an important role for economic growth.

(ii) Secondary or Manufacturing Sector:

This sector is also known as industrial sector. In this category, all types of manufacturing sector like large scale, small scale and tiny scale are included. Small and tiny scale industries include clothes, candle, poultry, match box, handloom, toys etc. These units provide huge employment. On the other hand, large scale industries like iron and steel, heavy engineering, chemicals, fertilizers, shipbuilding etc. contribute a huge amount in our gross domestic production.

(iii) Service or Tertiary Sector:

This sector produces different services like transport, communication, banking, insurance, trade and commerce, including both national and international trade. Moreover, all the professional services like doctors, engineers, teachers, lawyers etc. come under service sector. Again the services provided by the government itself for the welfare of citizens are also included in the tertiary sector.

On the basis of Ownership or Organization :

Indian economy can be broadly divided into two heads:

(i) Public Sector:

It consists of all the economic organizations which are controlled and managed by the government. All the government-owned production units come under this head. These units produce and distribute goods and services among the common mass with an objective of welfare motives.

(ii) Private Sector:

It consists of all the economic enterprises which are controlled and managed by the private enterprises. All the privately owned production units are come under this head. These units will produce and distribute goods and services among the people with an objective of profit motive.

On the basis of habitation, Indian economy can again broadly be divided into two heads:

(i) Rural Sector:

According to M.K. Gandhi, “India lives is villages”. About three-fourths of total population in India lived in the rural sector. The main occupations of this sector are agriculture and allied activities.

(ii) Urban Sector:

One-fourth of the total population in India lived in the urban sector. It consists of towns and cities. People living in this sector are mainly engaged in either secondary sector or tertiary sector.

Studying the Structure Changes in Indian Economy
Indian Economy under Dualism
Growth of Indian Capitalist Enterprise | Indian Economy
India – A Mixed Economy – Explained!

Essay on India’s Economic Growth

1 Introduction
2 Historical Overview of India’s Economic Growth
3.1 1) Agriculture sector:
3.2 2) Manufacturing sector
3.3 3) Service sector
3.4 4) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
4.1 1) Poverty and income inequality:
4.2 2) Infrastructure gaps:
4.3 3) Political instability:
4.4 4) Lack of skilled labor force:
5.1 1) Reforms in agriculture, manufacturing, and service sectors:
5.2 2) Policies to attract foreign investment:
5.3 3) Programs for skill development and employment generation
5.4 4) Investment in infrastructure development
6 Conclusion
7.1 What has been the growth rate of India’s economy in recent years?
7.2 What are the major drivers of India’s economic growth?
7.3 What are the major challenges facing India’s economic growth?
7.4 What initiatives has the government taken to promote economic growth in India?
7.5 What is the Skill India program?
7.6 What is the Make in India program?
7.7 What is the Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana?
7.8 What is the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund?
7.9 What is the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana?
7.10 What is the future outlook for India’s economic growth?

Explore India’s economic growth in detail through this insightful essay. Understand the factors driving India’s economic progress and the challenges it faces. Read about the country’s economic policies and their impact on businesses and citizens.

Introduction

Economic growth is a crucial aspect of any developing country and plays a major role in improving the standard of living of its citizens. In India, economic growth has been a major focus of policy makers since independence, and has been the driving force behind the country’s progress over the past few decades. This essay will outline the historical overview of India’s economic growth, the key contributors to its economic growth, the challenges it faces, and the government policies aimed at promoting economic growth.

Historical Overview of India’s Economic Growth

The pre-independence era of India was characterized by a stagnant economy, with low levels of investment, poor infrastructure, and limited industrialization. After independence, India adopted a mixed economy model, with the government controlling key industries such as coal, steel, and heavy industries. This model was not very successful, and the economy remained slow-growing until the 1980s, when India adopted reforms aimed at liberalizing the economy and promoting private sector investment.

In 1991, India underwent a major economic reform process, known as the liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG) reforms. These reforms aimed to promote entrepreneurship and investment, and to reduce the role of the government in the economy. The reforms led to the growth of the private sector, and the emergence of many new industries. As a result, the economy experienced a period of rapid growth, and India emerged as one of the fastest-growing economies in the world.

Key Contributors to India’s Economic Growth

India’s economic growth has been driven by several key contributors including the growth of the agriculture, manufacturing, and service sectors. The government has also played a major role in promoting economic growth through various initiatives, such as the Make in India program, the Skill India program, and the Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana.

1) Agriculture sector:

Agriculture is the backbone of India’s economy, as it employs around 50% of the country’s workforce. The agricultural sector has undergone significant reforms over the past few decades, which have led to an increase in productivity, and the growth of the agribusiness sector. The government has also implemented various programs aimed at promoting the development of the agricultural sector, such as the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, which provides insurance to farmers against crop losses.

2) Manufacturing sector

The manufacturing sector has been a key contributor to India’s economic growth, and has been growing at a rapid pace since the 1990s. The government has implemented various policies aimed at promoting the growth of the manufacturing sector, such as the Make in India program, which aims to make India a hub for global manufacturing. The growth of the manufacturing sector has also led to the development of the small and medium enterprises (SME) sector, which has become a major source of employment in the country.

3) Service sector

The service sector is one of the largest contributors to India’s GDP, and is growing at a rapid pace. The sector includes a wide range of industries, such as financial services, information technology (IT), tourism, and retail. The growth of the service sector has been driven by the liberalization of the economy, and the growth of the IT industry, which has become a major contributor to India’s economy.

4) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

FDI has been a major contributor to India’s economic growth, as it has led to the growth of various industries and the development of the infrastructure sector. The government has implemented various policies aimed at attracting FDI, such as the 100% FDI policy in various sectors, which allows foreign companies to invest in India without any restrictions.

Challenges Facing India’s Economic Growth

Despite the impressive growth of India’s economy, there are several challenges that are hindering further progress. Some of these challenges include:

1) Poverty and income inequality:

Despite the rapid growth of the economy, poverty and income inequality remain major challenges in India. A large proportion of the population still lives below the poverty line, and the income gap between the rich and poor is widening. The government has implemented various programs aimed at reducing poverty, such as the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, which provides financial inclusion to the poor by providing them with access to bank accounts and other financial services.

2) Infrastructure gaps:

Another major challenge facing India’s economic growth is the inadequate infrastructure. The country still lacks basic facilities, such as electricity, water, and roads, in many regions, which hinders economic growth. The government is working to address this issue through various initiatives, such as the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, which aims to provide rural areas with all-weather roads, and the Atal Bhujal Yojana, which aims to improve groundwater management.

3) Political instability:

Political instability can have a negative impact on economic growth, as it can discourage investment and reduce the confidence of investors. India has experienced political instability in the past, and the government needs to ensure that the country remains politically stable in order to maintain its economic growth.

4) Lack of skilled labor force:

India faces a shortage of skilled labor, which can hinder the growth of various industries. The government is addressing this issue through various initiatives, such as the Skill India program, which aims to provide vocational training to young people and improve the quality of the workforce.

Government Policies to Promote Economic Growth

The government of India has taken several steps to promote economic growth in the country that includes:

1) Reforms in agriculture, manufacturing, and service sectors:

The government has implemented various reforms aimed at promoting the growth of the agriculture, manufacturing, and service sectors. The reforms include liberalizing trade policies, reducing red tape, and promoting entrepreneurship. The government has also implemented various programs aimed at promoting the development of these sectors, such as the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, which provides insurance to farmers against crop losses, and the Make in India program, which aims to make India a hub for global manufacturing.

2) Policies to attract foreign investment:

The government has implemented various policies aimed at attracting foreign investment, such as the 100% FDI policy in various sectors, which allows foreign companies to invest in India without any restrictions. The government has also established various institutions, such as the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund, which aims to attract foreign investment and promote infrastructure development.

3) Programs for skill development and employment generation

The government has implemented various programs aimed at developing the skills of the workforce and creating employment opportunities. The Skill India program is one of the major initiatives aimed at improving the quality of the workforce, while the Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana aims to provide incentives to companies that employ young people.

4) Investment in infrastructure development

The government is investing heavily in infrastructure development in order to address the gaps in the country’s infrastructure. The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, which aims to provide rural areas with all-weather roads, and the Atal Bhujal Yojana, which aims to improve groundwater management, are some of the major initiatives aimed at improving infrastructure in the country.

India’s economic growth has been a major focus of policy makers since independence, and has been the driving force behind the country’s progress over the past few decades. The growth of the agriculture, manufacturing, and service sectors, as well as the growth of foreign investment, have been the major contributors to India’s economic growth. Despite these achievements, the country still faces major challenges, such as poverty, income inequality, inadequate infrastructure, political instability, and a shortage of skilled labor. The government is working to address these challenges through various initiatives and policies aimed at promoting economic growth. The future prospects for India’s economic growth are bright, and the country has the potential to become one of the major economic powers in the world.

FAQs related to “India’s Economic Growth”

What has been the growth rate of india’s economy in recent years.

India’s economy has been growing at a rate of around 7% in recent years. In the financial year 2021, India’s economy grew by 11.7%, making it one of the fastest growing economies in the world.

What are the major drivers of India’s economic growth?

The major drivers of India’s economic growth are the agriculture, manufacturing, and service sectors. The growth of these sectors is driven by various factors, such as increased investment, improved infrastructure, and increased exports.

What are the major challenges facing India’s economic growth?

The major challenges facing India’s economic growth include poverty, income inequality, inadequate infrastructure, political instability, and a shortage of skilled labor.

What initiatives has the government taken to promote economic growth in India?

The government has taken various initiatives to promote economic growth in India, such as implementing reforms in agriculture, manufacturing, and service sectors, attracting foreign investment, promoting skill development and employment generation, and investing in infrastructure development.

What is the Skill India program?

The Skill India program is a government initiative aimed at improving the quality of the workforce in India. The program provides vocational training to young people and helps to address the shortage of skilled labor in the country.

What is the Make in India program?

The Make in India program is a government initiative aimed at making India a hub for global manufacturing. The program provides various incentives to companies that invest in India and promotes entrepreneurship in the country.

What is the Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana?

The Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana is a government program aimed at creating employment opportunities in India. The program provides incentives to companies that employ young people and helps to address the problem of unemployment in the country.

What is the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund?

The National Investment and Infrastructure Fund is a government institution aimed at attracting foreign investment and promoting infrastructure development in India. The institution provides funding for infrastructure projects and helps to address the gap in the country’s infrastructure.

What is the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana?

The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana is a government initiative aimed at providing financial inclusion to the poor in India. The program provides access to bank accounts and other financial services to people who do not have access to these services.

What is the future outlook for India’s economic growth?

The future outlook for India’s economic growth is positive, and the country has the potential to become one of the major economic powers in the world. The continued growth of the economy will have a positive impact on the standard of living of the people of India.

Social Share

Essays on indian economics: a collection of essays and speeches.

Author: Ranade, Mahadev Govind

Keywords: Speeches, Essays, agriculture, land, emigration, Indian economics

Issue Date: 1906

Publisher: G.A. Natesan & Co., Madras

Description: This book is a collection of twelve essays that have write-ups and speeches by the Indian scholar and social reformer, Mahadev Govind Ranade. The first essay on ‘Indian Political Economy’ covers the main aspects of the following essays in brief. The remaining essays are based on varied subjects like credit organisations, state encouragement of agriculture and industry, emigration, local and self governance, and the laws of land sale in British India.

Source: Central Secretariat Library

Type: Rare Book

Received From: Central Secretariat Library

Dublin Core View
Parts of PDF & Flipbook

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Phone . [email protected]
Email . +54 356 945234

Indian Culture App

The Indian Culture Portal is a part of the National Virtual Library of India project, funded by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India. The portal has been created and developed by the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. Data has been provided by organisations of the Ministry of Culture.

Email Id : [email protected]

Harvard Economics Review
Aug 17, 2020

Caste and the Indian Economy

By Charlie Yang

It has been 73 years since the Partition of India — the division of the British Raj into two autonomous states: Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan — catalyzed one of the greatest human migrations in living memory and left the country in a state of unchecked violence . In that time, India has come into its independence, establishing itself as a cultural melting pot and ushering in a new age of rapid modernization.

Nowadays, it is common knowledge that India has become one of the fastest-emerging global economic superpowers; for the past two decades, the nation has seen a period of sustained and rapid growth in GDP , averaging an annual growth rate of around 7 percent. This growth has catapulted India’s 3 percent share of the world’s GDP in 1947 to 8 percent in 2017 . The days of an almost zero-growth pre-partition agrarian economy are now a distant past, and India has almost halved poverty rates — lifting 271 million people above the poverty line. These numbers are impressive, and have allowed families like 5 year old Kashih Kumar’s to no longer worry about bringing food to the table; but we must still ask the age-old question: can we do better?

The answer is a resounding yes. For all its economic progress, India still has 350 million people under the poverty line; she has comparatively failed to distribute her economic gains equitably. When compared to developing or recently developed countries like Brazil, Mexico, Japan, and especially China , India’s ability to raise living standards have been subpar. Whilst it cannot be questioned that India has lifted millions of her citizens out of poverty, the fact that over 90% of workers are employed in the informal sector — industries without access to employment securities and benefits — is problematic. Economic growth is nothing if it doesn’t help people.

A Long-Standing Blemish

The obvious explanation for India’s confusing dichotomy of macro-economic progress and stagnant micro-economic growth is the Caste system; but to understand the impact of Caste on India’s economic growth, or more specifically the benefactors of this growth, we must first ascertain what the caste system is. Originating over 3000 years ago, the system is among the oldest forms of social stratification , essentially dividing Hindus into 4 sects — Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras (descending order of superiority). Caste has long dominated the social scene in India; upper and lower castes have historically lived in different colonies, and the Dalits (deemed as outcasts from the 4 sects) were limited only to jobs that all others shunned: sewer work, tanning hides, or picking up roadkill . It is clear that an otherwise modernizing India is being held back by these draconian discriminatory traditions.

But what, exactly, is the role of Caste in India’s economic landscape? Whilst Caste has not prevented social mobility to the same extent that it did 50 years ago, it has historically played a limiting factor in transforming India's economy into an industrial one and has fostered a landscape of chaotic politics that distracts from effective economic policy.

The Lewisian Turning Point (the equilibrium point at which a developing nation’s market moves from a state of labour surplus to one of labour shortage) states that a move to industrialization and labor demand will lead to drastic increases in real wages and living standards. Essentially, a surplus of workers (due to a lack of employment infrastructure) tend to be employed in the agricultural sector in a sort of “disguised unemployment”, when these extra workers are absorbed into the industrial sector economic development logically occurs, but so does a rise in worker wages and general enfranchisement (as they are more integrated into urban life). As India continues to make the transition into an industrial state from its agrarian nature under the British Raj, the enduring designation of lower castes in agrarian jobs has limited this transition and thus economic mobility.

That being said, however, development in the past few decades has generally helped those in the Dalit class to reach out to their own networks, which, in combination with affirmative action policies, has allowed for greater economic mobility.

2020: A Step Back in Progress

It’s no secret that COVID-19 has come to define a year that has seen so much turmoil. The world’s GDP has seen a 5.2% contraction in 2020, whilst India has faced an even worse economic backslide, with its GDP contracting by 9.4%.

However, not everybody has been equally hit. Dalit workers, despite India’s attempts at affirmative action, still hold a disproportionate majority in casual labor . Accordingly, the nationwide lockdowns mandated by the BJP has stranded millions of laborers working in rural states from returning to their families. This, in combination with unemployment spikes, has exacerbated the poverty that Dalit workers face. No matter how you spin it, the Caste system has left India vulnerable to increases in inequality as a result of COVID.

It is clear that India has a bright future ahead, but whether or not she chooses to face the stark reality the caste remained an enduring problem may determine the next 50 years of sustainable, but more importantly universal and non-discriminatory, economic growth.

International

Commentaires

Home — Essay Samples — Economics — Indian Economy — Impact Of Covid-19 On The Indian Economy

Impact of Covid-19 on The Indian Economy

Categories: Covid 19 India Indian Economy

About this sample

Words: 1417 |

Published: Feb 8, 2022

Words: 1417 | Pages: 3 | 8 min read

Introduction.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_India
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341266520_Effect_of_COVID-19_on_the_Indian_Economy_and_Supply_Chain
https://etinsights.et-edge.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/KPMG-REPORT-compressed.pdf

Cite this Essay

Let us write you an essay from scratch

450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours

Get high-quality help

Prof Ernest (PhD)

Verified writer

Expert in: Nursing & Health Geography & Travel Economics

+ 120 experts online

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

Related Essays

1 pages / 290 words

3 pages / 1316 words

4 pages / 1759 words

1 pages / 456 words

Remember! This is just a sample.

You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers.

121 writers online

Still can’t find what you need?

Browse our vast selection of original essay samples, each expertly formatted and styled

Related Essays on Indian Economy

The Vaishya caste is one of the four major social classes in Hinduism, known as Varnas, and is traditionally associated with commerce, agriculture, and trade. The Vaishya caste plays a crucial role in Indian society, as it is [...]

RBI, the leader of the financial system, was established as a private institution in 1935. It was nationalized in 1949. This was followed by the nationalisation of the Imperial bank of India. One of the important milestones in [...]

There was a lot of learning in the training there is a lot more to learn than what was imparted during the training. Indian Finance Market is very competitive and requires learning and reading every day to know what is going on [...]

NAIRU, which is the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment represents the rate of unemployment at whish inflation will stabilise. The NAIRU theory was used to explain the stagflation phenomenon of the 1970’s when the [...]

The issue on environmental protection and the global economy is quite a sensitive, broad one. This section of the paper sets to discuss these issues and also their significance. Environmental protection is the taking care of the [...]

The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is one of the three pillars of ASEAN is the ASEAN Economic Community, ASEAN Political and Security Community also the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community. The main objective of the ASEAN Economic [...]

Get Your Personalized Essay in 3 Hours or Less!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

Instructions Followed To The Letter
Deadlines Met At Every Stage
Unique And Plagiarism Free

Talk to our experts

1800-120-456-456

Indian Politics Essay

Essay on Indian Politics

In the given below Indian politics essay, one can read all about the Indian political system, it's functioning, and the problems faced by it. For India, political scenarios and events play an important role.

The Various Shades of Indian Politics

India is the largest democracy in the world. Almost 1 out of every 6 humans in the world is an Indian. With such an enormous and diverse population, there are a number of political ideologies and political parties which are present and functioning all over the country. The constitution of India gives the right to every citizen of the country to form political parties and contest elections in the country. Although, Politics in India is not only limited to just political parties but has become central to all walks of life among everyone. Politics is said to be the art of influencing the will of the state. We have seen various pressure groups, advocacy groups, interests groups, etc which work in tandem with the political organizations. The work of the political parties is not just limited to winning elections, but it is the duty of every citizen of the country to ensure that our representatives remain responsive to the demand of the people and fulfill their electoral promises.

Political parties in India are generally of two major categories, these are National Parties and Regional parties. The National parties are those political organizations that have a substantial presence in most parts of the country while the Regional parties are those parties that are limited to just one state or a few states where they have some influence. The regional parties are generally formed on the lines of language as the states in India have been organized on the basis of language. The various political interest groups work along with these political parties to lobby for their interest and make sure that the issues which are of concern to the common people are brought to the attention of our leaders. The Media also plays a very vital role in the functioning of a democracy and has been recognized as the fourth pillar of a democracy.

Long Essay on Indian Politics

The functioning of the political system is crucial for the smooth development of any country. India is no different. From being the largest democracy in the world and having the Prime Minister as the supreme leader of the country, Indian politics has its own charisma. In the given below Indian politics essay, one can read all about the Indian political system, it's functioning, and the problems faced by it. For India, political scenarios and events play an important role.

Through this essay on Indian politics, one can get enlightened about working in the country's political system. The entire country revolves around the Indian political system. Every decision and law is taken into account for the development of the country.

An Indian politician is somebody who is elected from his/her constituency. Every politician has their constituency from where they are elected. They then actively delve into politics. Since independence, India has strived forward thanks to the laws implemented by politicians. Indians can take pride in the fact that they are the largest democracy in the world. The PM or prime minister heads the country. He is the head of the government formed at the center. Likewise, the president is head of the central and the state government.

The Indian parliament consists of the upper and lower house. The upper house is known as the Rajya Sabha and the lower house is called the Lok Sabha. The upper house consists of members who represent the states of the country. The lower house consists of members elected to represent the people of the country. The Supreme Court or SC is the protector of the constitution of India. Indian politics comprises three pillars that consist of the central leadership, state leadership, and the village or panchayat raj. The panchayat ray is still prominent in several villages and most rural parts of the country. Thanks to the 73rd constitutional amendment, local governance is acceptable. India is a democratic country where the leaders are elected through elections held once in four years.

The party with the largest vote bank after the election can claim their victory. To vote in India, one must be an Indian citizen, and above 18 years of age. They need to obtain an election card. Anybody can contest in the elections in India. The individual should be an Indian citizen and have completed 25 years of age. Additionally, there are a few more conditions to be met that most candidates become eligible for. In India, there are no criteria for contesting elections. Hence, it is not surprising to note that many legislators have little to no education. One can use NOTA when they feel that their constituent candidate is not well-educated or is worthy of the position.

In this paragraph on Indian politics, one learns about the lack of educational qualifications for the politicians. In most of the developed and developing countries, the politicians are an educated lot. Education and corruption cannot go hand in hand. The opposition needs to be proactive and take a tough stance on the ruling of the government. The country's few significant parties include BJP, Indian National Congress, CPI, AAP, BSP, and the SP.

It is safe to say that the political scenario can be changed for the greater good of the country and society.

Short Essay on Indian Politics

The information given below is suitable for the Indian politics essay 10th class syllabus. Students can make use of it during their examinations. In this short essay on Indian politics, one can read about the nuances of Indian politics.

Indian politics is compared to a great circus where different political parties fight till the end. Most of the elections are marred by corruption on a large scale. Sadly, the country's political climate decides on the communal, social, and economic condition of the country. In this paragraph on Indian politics, one finds out that when the political situation is unstable, then it gives rise to unwanted problems like civil wars and revolutions, as seen in Libya, Syria, and Egypt.

Indian politics has seen it all, right from the birth of the two single largest parties in India, the partition, emergency period, India-Bangladesh war, and the terror attacks. It is a colorful game indeed with plenty of good and bad happening side-by-side. One can hope that India progresses and matures with time. Hopefully, it will be for the greater good and development of the nation. The essay about Indian politics has shown that the freedom of choosing the kind of ideology one wants to take itself lies in Indian democracy.

Conclusion

To conclude the Indian politics essay in English, the Indian political scenario has seen it all. Rulers of dynamic capabilities and charismatic character have taken over the realms of the country.

Likes of Jawaharlal Nehru and Narendra Modi have adorned the coveted position of this country, which is a moment of pride for any Indian.

FAQs on Indian Politics Essay

1. What can one learn from the essay on Indian Politics?

The Indian politics essay reveals the existing Indian political system in the country. It is similar to a game of snake and ladders. Friends become one's enemies, and sworn enemies share the dais during election rallies.

It is becoming a common sight today. Indians can be proud of the fact that they are the largest democracy existing in the world. In Indian politics, the prime minister is the head, and power is equally divided between the central and state governments.

2. Does it help Indian Politics in electing educated ministers?

The main issue plaguing the Indian political system is the lack of education. Even ministers occupying senior positions in the country are devoid of quality education. One can blame the lack of criteria when electing the minister.

This has been going on for decades, and quick changes must be imminent for the betterment of the country. It would help in routing problems like corruption that is the root cause of all issues in the country.

3. What is Politics?

Politics is a very wide subject that does not have one definite answer, for most people it is about winning elections and getting the key to state power. However, according to one of the widely accepted definitions, Politics is the art of influencing the will of the state, which means that not only the political parties and the politicians but every citizen has an active role to play in the politics of this country.

4. Which is a democracy?

According to the famous definition given by Abraham Lincoln, Democracy is a form of government that is for the people, by the people, and of the people. This is good to give a basic sense of the idea of democracy but in the more general sense, it is people deciding what is good for them and taking an active part in the decision-making process of the country.

5. What is the difference between a democracy and a republic?

Democracy is the form of government in which it is considered that the people will be deciding how to govern themselves. While in a Republic, the people give the franchise of their mandate to a selected candidate who represents them in the seat of governance. So the Republic is the enshrinement of the will of the people into a system that selects the people who govern them while democracy makes them responsive to the people who vote for them.

6. How can the write ups along with important questions for Indian Politics be downloaded from Vedantu?

The Online resources at Vedantu can easily be accessed using 4 steps:

Open the Website of Vedantu on your Laptop or you can log in to the Vedantu App through your phone.

Search the subject of Civics along with the particular topic which you are looking for or essays which you may want to find.

Click on Download PDF to download the solution in PDF format.

Enter OTP and then the solutions will be sent to your email id

You can avail all the well-researched and good quality chapters, sample papers, syllabus on various topics from the website of Vedantu and its mobile application available on the play store.

7. What is the importance of elections in Indian democracy?

Elections play a very vital role in any functioning democracy in the world. Elections are the litmus test on how democracy has been working because without a free and fair election process, No true democracy can survive and if the election process is not free and fair then the belief of people will turn away from democratic politics. However, elections should not be seen as the endgame of democracy as a public partition in the development process must be ensured to keep democracy vibrant.

International
Today’s Paper
Premium Stories
⏪ Election Rewind
Express Shorts
Health & Wellness
Brand Solutions

This Quote Means: ‘There can be no social justice without economic prosperity… prosperity without it is meaningless’

Can the concepts of social justice and economic development be exclusive to each other a quote in this regard, part of the upsc cse, said: “there can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless”..

Amid the ongoing Lok Sabha elections, political parties have pitched their ideas and prospective schemes to voters, such as ration provisions and increasing employment opportunities. Another prominent issue dominating the election discourse has been the need to protect and extend reservations for various social groups.

These themes point to the continued relevance of fundamental socio-economic concerns for Indian voters, or at least that is what political parties seem to believe. At times, however, a debate arises on whether to assign greater importance to social issues (relating to sectarian divides, caste, and gender discrimination) or economic issues (unemployment, price rise, etc.).

In this context, we explain why the two concepts matter on their own, and why they are both needed. A quote in this regard, part of the UPSC CSE exam in 2020, may be examined: “There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless”.

The state as a provider of economic prosperity and social justice

Historically, the state has generally played a limited role, safeguarding the people living within its borders and maintaining law and order.

For instance, 17th-century English philosopher Thomas Hobbes believed humans were naturally inclined towards anarchy and competition and needed a central authority to maintain peace. Its power would be almost absolute, except when it threatened a citizen’s life.

Over time, various social and political ideas led to the state’s expansion into an enabler, helping citizens maintain a minimum standard of living. In the 18th century, Jean-Jacques Rousseau gave the concept of a social contract, meaning citizens coming together and delegating powers to the state contingent on certain obligations.

Their freedom was paramount and meant to be comprehensive, and the state would have to reflect the population’s general will, not cater to a few.

World events such as colonialism and the World Wars further led to the belief that people needed to be given opportunities and made capable of improving the quality of their lives.

Many newly decolonised states initially focused on improving their dire economic situation through heavy investments in public infrastructure, aiding private enterprises and developing human capital through education and healthcare.

While some were successful, many failed to institutionalise concepts guaranteeing the rule of law, equality before the law and other basic tenets of civil society. Some states achieved only economic progress and limited freedoms for their citizens, while some achieved neither. Too often, economic insecurity fuelled social divides.

In India, it was early on recognised that given the diverse groups in society, securing “social, economic and political justice” was important, as outlined in the Indian Constitution’s preamble .

Secret behind construction of Egypt’s pyramids: What a new study reveals
Trillion dollar war: How Europe struggles to fund the Ukraine War
Going glacier gone: How Venezuela lost its last glacier, why this matters

While India did not lodge extremely high growth rates early on, its democratic experiment was seen as successful given a largely stable society. However, basic concerns related to a standard of living remained. The 1991 economic reforms, which liberalised the economy, were seen as a turning point in this regard, significantly opening the doors for the private sector.

The dilemma between economic and social progress

Despite the successes of those reforms, severe drawbacks are emerging. This is the case across the world, with the view that under certain economic models employed so far that emphasised growth greatly, only a few groups at the cost of the majority have availed economic prosperity.

Widening gaps in incomes (where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer) exploitation of vulnerable groups, severe environmental degradation and climate change are just some of the major problems the world is now facing as a result.

As a World Economic Forum article noted in 2015, “It is increasingly evident that a model of human development based on economic progress alone is incomplete.” Social justice needs to be secured too to ensure the happiness of a broader population, in realms of environmental rights, protection against discrimination, and equal rights.

However, these rights alone cannot be exercised meaningfully in a society which lacks material resources and capacity. A woman will have difficulty in attaining education and availing of job opportunities if she does not have access to quality schooling and well-trained teachers. Therefore, economic progress undoubtedly matters in ensuring the fulfilment of social justice commitments. Conversely, a society where people are economically well-off, but one that is highly unequal, is insufficient for ensuring collective happiness and satisfaction. Economic growth does not ensure freedom from pollution and heatwaves. Similarly, historically disadvantaged caste groups continue facing prejudice and discrimination to date, despite having made improvements in their material conditions over the decades. This means that only economic progress is not enough for their well-being.

Therefore, there is a greater recognition that both economic and social progress are needed in co-existence. Inclusive growth and sustainable development are two related concepts here, but too often they are used as buzzwords and not accompanied by real action. In realising them, an important step would perhaps be for citizens to make more comprehensive demands from political leaders.

economic growth
Express Explained
social justice
UPSC Essentials

Rescuers see the helicopter that was carrying Iran's president and other officials, an official told Iranian state television on Monday.

More Explained

Iran's late President Ebrahim Raisi (left) in Tehran, on November 4, 2022, and First Vice President Mohammad Mokhber, who will now be interim President.

Best of Express

Lok Sabha Election 2024 Phase 5 Live Updates: Polls in J-K's Baramulla is is going to be the first major political battle post the abrogation of Article 370 in 2019 for former CM Omar Abdullah (National Conference). (Express photo by Shuaib Masoodi)

EXPRESS OPINION

May 20: Latest News

01 Rescuers in Nepal retrieve the bodies of an American climber and her guide
02 Bud Anderson, last of world war II’s ‘triple ace’ pilots, dies at 102
03 Yellow warning issued as Mumbai set to vote amid hot, humid conditions
04 Real estate agent, wife found dead in their Kandivali house
05 Deputy Commissioner of Police suspended over Anjali murder case in Karnataka
Elections 2024
Political Pulse
Entertainment
Movie Review
Newsletters
Web Stories

To Fight Inequality, America Needs to Rethink Its Economic Model

F or decades, economic policy in most liberal democracies has been premised on two core beliefs: that free markets would maximize economic growth, and that we could address inequality through redistribution.

The recent revival of industrial policy, championed by President Biden, is a clear repudiation of the first of these beliefs. It reflects a growing recognition among economists that state intervention to shape markets and steer investment is crucial for fostering innovation, protecting strategically important sectors like semi-conductors, and tackling the climate emergency.

But we must also reassess the second belief—that taxes and transfers alone can address the vast inequalities that have brought American democracy to such a perilous juncture. Doing so will lead us towards a more fundamental rethink of our economic institutions, and the values that guide them.

This is partly a pragmatic response to economic reality. The massive increase in inequality since the 1980s in America was mostly driven not by a reduction in redistribution, but by the growing gap in earnings between low skill workers, whose wages have suffered an unprecedented period of stagnation, and college-educated professionals whose salaries have continued to soar. And while inequality has increased in most advanced economies, that it is so much higher in the U.S. compared to Europe is mostly the result of bigger gaps in earnings than lower levels of redistribution. In other words, even if America were to increase the generosity of the welfare state to European levels it would still be much more unequal.

But the need to look beyond redistribution is about more than economics, it is about resisting the narrow focus on money that dominates most debates about inequality, and the tendency to reduce our interests as citizens to those of consumers. While government transfers are essential for making sure that everyone can meet their basic needs, simply topping up people’s incomes fails to recognize the importance of work as a source of independence, identity, and community, and does nothing to address the insecurity faced by gig-economy workers, or the constant surveillance of employees in Amazon warehouses.

This is not purely a moral issue. According to a recent paper by economists at Columbia and Princeton, the Democratic Party’s shift towards a “compensate the losers ” strategy in the 1970s and 1980s—taxing high earners to fund welfare payments to the poor—played a key role in driving away less educated voters, who disproportionately support “pre-redistributive” policies like higher minimum wages and stronger unions.

Things are moving in the right direction. President Biden has put “good jobs” at the centre of his economic agenda, claiming that “a job is about [a] lot more than a pay cheque. It’s about your dignity. It’s about respect.” Leading economists such as Dani Rodrik at Harvard and Daron Acemoglu at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s have started to challenge the prevailing orthodoxy that such jobs are an inevitable by-product of a well-functioning market economy. This shift of focus towards the production or supply side of the economy has been variously termed “ productivism ”, “ modern supply-side economics ” and “ supply-side progressivism .”

Read More: Why Joe Biden is Running on the Economy

And yet, to grasp the full potential of these ideas we must look beyond economics to philosophy. Contemporary thinkers such as Michael Sandel and Elizabeth Anderson have done much to put questions about work back on the agenda. But for a systematic vision of a just society that recognizes the fundamental importance of work we should revisit the ideas of arguably the 20th-century’s greatest political philosopher, John Rawls—an early advocate for what we would now call “pre-distribution,” who argued that every citizen should have access to good jobs, a fair share of society’s wealth, and a say over how work is organized.

The publication of Rawls’s magnum opus A Theory of Justice in 1971 marks a watershed moment in the history of political thought, drawing favourable comparisons to the likes of John Stuart Mill, Immanuel Kant, even Plato. Rawls’s most famous idea is a thought experiment called the “original position.” If we want to know what a fair society would look like, he argued, we should imagine how we would choose to organize it if we didn’t know what our individual position would be—rich or poor, Black or white, Christian of Muslim— as if behind a “veil of ignorance.”

Our first priority would be to secure a set of “basic liberties,” such as free speech and the right to vote, that are the basis for individual freedom and civic equality.

When it comes to the economy, we would want “fair equality of opportunity,” and we would tolerate a degree of inequality so that people have incentives to work hard and innovate, making society richer overall. But rather than assuming that the benefits would trickle down to those at the bottom, Rawls argued that we would want to organize our economy so that the least well-off would be better off than under any alternative system—a concept he called the “difference principle.”

This principle has often been interpreted as justifying a fairly conventional strategy of taxing the rich and redistributing to the poor. But Rawls explicitly rejected “welfare state capitalism” in favour of what he called a “property-owning democracy.” Rather than simply topping up the incomes of the least well off, society should “put in the hands of citizens generally, and not only of a few, sufficient productive means for them to be fully cooperating members of society.”

Doing so is essential for individual dignity and self-respect, he argued, warning that “Lacking a sense of long-term security and the opportunity for meaningful work and occupation is not only destructive of citizens’ self-respect but of their sense that they are members of society and not simply caught in it. This leads to self-hatred, bitterness, and resentment” – feelings that could threaten the stability of liberal democracy itself. A focus on work is also necessary for maintaining a sense of reciprocity since every able citizen would be expected to contribute to society in return for a fair reward.

Rawls’s philosophy offers the kind of big picture vision that has been missing on the center-left for a generation—a unifying alternative to ‘identity politics’ grounded in the best of America’s political traditions. It also points towards a genuinely transformative economic programme that would address the concerns of long-neglected lower-income voters, not simply for higher incomes but for a chance to contribute to society and to be treated with respect.

At the heart of this vision is the idea that productive resources—both human capital (skills) and ownership of physical capital (like stocks and shares)—should be widely shared. People’s incomes would still depend on their individual effort and good fortune, but wages and profits would be more equal, and there would be less need for redistribution.

How might we bring this about?

First, we would need to ensure equal access to education, irrespective of family background. Sadly, the reality in America today is that children from the richest fifth of households are fivetimes more likely to get a college degree than those from the poorest fifth. Achieving true equality of opportunity is a generational challenge, but the direction should be towards universal early years education, school funding based on need rather than local wealth, and a higher education system where tuition subsidies and publicly-funded income-contingent loans guarantee access to all.

We also need to shift focus towards the more than half of the population who don’t get a four-year college degree. Our obsession with academic higher education—justified in part on the basis that this will generate growth, which in turn will benefit non-graduates—is simply the educational equivalent of trickle-down economics. At the very least, public subsidies should be made available on equal terms for those who want to follow a vocational route, as the U.K. is doing through the introduction of a Lifelong Learning Entitlement from 2025, providing every individual with financial support for four years of post-18 education, covering both long and short courses, and vocational and academic subjects.

Second, we must address the vastly unequal distribution of wealth . Thewealthiest 10 % of Americans have around 70 % of all personal wealth compared to roughly 2% the entire bottom half. Sensible policies like guaranteed minimum interest rates for small savers and tax breaks to encourage employee share ownership would encourage middle-class savings. But to shift the dial on wealth inequality we should be open to something more radical, like a universal minimum inheritance paid to each citizen at the age of eighteen, funded through progressive taxes on inheritance and wealth. If developments in AI push more income towards the owners of capital, something like this will become necessary.

Finally, we need to give workers real power to shape how companies are run. The idea that owners, or shareholders, should make these decisions is often treated as an immutable fact of economic life. But this “shareholder primacy” is neither natural nor inevitable about, and in most European countries employees have the right to elect representatives to company boards and to ‘works councils’ with a say over working conditions. This system of ‘co-management’ allows owners and worker to strike a balance between pursuing profit and all the other things we want from work – security, dignity, a sense of achievement, community – in a way that makes sense for a particular firm. The benefits of co-management appear to come at little or no cost in terms of profits or competitiveness, are popular with managers, and may even increase business investment and productivity.

Critics will no doubt denounce these ideas as “socialism.” But as we have seen, they have impeccable liberal credentials, and are perfectly compatible with the dynamic market economy that is so vital both for individual freedom and economic prosperity. Neither are they somehow “un-American.” As Elizabeth Anderson has reminded us , America was the great hope of free market egalitarians from Adam Smith through to Abraham Lincoln, whose dreams of a society of small-scale independent producers were dashed by the industrial revolution, and would have been horrified by the hierarchy and subservience of contemporary capitalism. Rawls’s ideal of property-owning democracy can help us revive this vision for the 21 st century.

Still, even sympathetic readers might wonder whether there is any point talking about a new economic paradigm when the U.S. has failed even to raise the Federal minimum wage since 2009. But this would be to ignore the lessons of history. As the neoliberal era comes to an end, we should learn from its leading architects Milton Friedman and Friedrich Hayek, who were nothing if not bold, and saw their ideas go from heresy to orthodoxy in a single generation. As Friedman put it “Only a crisis — actual or perceived — produces real change. When that crisis occurs, the actions that are taken depend on the ideas that are lying around."

It often takes a generation or two before the ideas of truly great thinkers start to shape real politics. Now, for the first time since the publication of A Theory of Justice just over half a century ago, there is an urgent need and appetite for systematic political thinking on a scale that only a philosopher like Rawls can provide. In the face of widespread cynicism, even despair about the American project, his ideas offer a hopeful vision of the future whose time has come.

More Must-Reads from TIME

The New Face of Doctor Who
Putin’s Enemies Are Struggling to Unite
Women Say They Were Pressured Into Long-Term Birth Control
Scientists Are Finding Out Just How Toxic Your Stuff Is
Boredom Makes Us Human
John Mulaney Has What Late Night Needs
The 100 Most Influential People of 2024
Want Weekly Recs on What to Watch, Read, and More? Sign Up for Worth Your Time

Screen Reader
Skip to main content
Text Size A
Language: English
Case Studies
EXIM Procedure

Media & Events

Image Gallery
Media Coverage

Indian Economy News

India to have world's second-largest metro system in two years: union minister, mr. hardeep puri.

May 20, 2024

Union Minister, Mr. Hardeep Singh Puri, during an interaction with former judges, veterans, and intellectuals, emphasized the significant development of India's urban metro transport over the past decade. He highlighted that currently, one crore people ride the metro daily, with 73 lakh riders from Delhi alone.

Puri mentioned that India has 945 kilometres of metro systems in operation and an additional 1,000 kilometres under construction, projecting that in the next two and a half years, India will have the world's second-largest urban metro system.

Disclaimer: This information has been collected through secondary research and IBEF is not responsible for any errors in the same.

Not a member

The Economic Times daily newspaper is available online now.

"india to have world's second-largest urban metro system over next 2 years": hardeep singh puri.

Union Minister Hardeep Singh Puri highlighted the remarkable growth of India's urban metro transport, noting that the country is on track to have the world's second-largest urban metro system in the next two and a half years. He emphasized the success of Delhi's metro system, with 73 lakh riders daily, contributing to easier city commutes despite its expanding population. Puri also discussed advancements in the criminal justice system and police modernization under Prime Minister Narendra Modi's leadership.

"India to have world's second-largest urban metro system over next 2 years": Hardeep Puri

Lok Sabha Voting Phase 5: All the latest news

To post this comment you must

Fill in your details:

Will be displayed

Will not be displayed

Share this Comment:

Stories you might be interested in

Bibliometric Analysis of Edible Insects from Entomology Category Based on Web of Science

Published: 16 May 2024

Cite this article

Bao-Zhong Yuan ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-3873 1 &
Jie Sun 2

11 Accesses

Explore all metrics

Based on Web of Science database and using the bibliometric analysis method, the 3591 papers were analyzed in the field of edible insects topic research from Entomology category during of 1942 to December 18, 2022. All papers written most in English (98.134%), were from 11,742 authors, 2841 affiliation and 132 countries or territories, and published in 127 journals and book series. The top five journals are Insects (290, 8.076%), Journal of Insects as Food and Feed (285, 7.853%), Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata (194, 5.402%), Journal of Economic Entomology (172, 4.79%) and Journal of Stored Products Research (159, 4.428%), each journal published more than 159 papers. Top five countries were USA, Peoples R China, Brazil, Germany, England. Top four organizations were United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), State University System of Florida, Wageningen University Research, Kansas State University, each with more than 73 papers. The top five authors were Arthur FH, Athanassiou CG, Phillips TW, Campbell JF, Subramanyam B, each published more than 18 papers. All keywords were separated into seven clusters for different research topics. Based on ESI database, there were twenty-eight top papers both twenty-eight highly cited paper and two front papers. Visualizations offer exploratory information on the current state in a scientific field or discipline as well as indicate possible developments in the future.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price includes VAT (Russian Federation)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Rent this article via DeepDyve

Institutional subscriptions

Edible insects: A bibliometric analysis and current trends of published studies (1953–2021)

Entomological journals and publishing in Japan

Bibliometric analysis of the species Anacardium occidentale L. associated with scientometric networks

Aguilar-Toalá JE, Cruz-Monterrosa RG, Liceaga AM (2022) Beyond human nutrition of edible insects: health benefits and safety aspects. Insects 13(11):1007. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13111007

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Alarcon-Elbal PM, Suarez-Balseiro C, Holguino-Borda J, Riggio-Olivares G (2022) Research on medical and veterinary entomology in the insular Caribbean: a bibliometric analysis. Int J Trop Insect Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-022-00929-w

Article Google Scholar

Behmer ST (2009) Insect herbivore nutrient regulation. Annu Rev Entomol 54:165–187. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090537

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Clarivate, 2022: Journal Citation Reports ™ 2021 https://jcr.clarivate.com/jcr/browse-journals .

Douglas AE (2015) Multiorganismal insects: diversity and function of resident microorganisms. Annu Rev Entomol 60:17–34. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-010814-020822

Giora D, Marchetti G, Cappellozza S, Assirelli A, Saviane A, Sartori L, Marinello F (2022) Bibliometric analysis of trends in mulberry and silkworm research on the production of silk and its by-products. Insects 13(7):568. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13070568

Hahn DA, Denlinger DL (2011) Energetics of insect diapause. Annu Rev Entomol 56:103–121. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-112408-085436

Isman MB (2006) Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annu Rev Entomol 51:45–66. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151146

Kavle RR, Pritchard ETM, Bekhit AEDA, Carne A, Agyei D (2022) Edible insects: a bibliometric analysis and current trends of published studies (1953–2021). Int J Trop Insect Sci 42(5):3335–3355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-022-00814-6

Lacey LA, Frutos R, Kaya HK, Vail P (2001) Insect pathogens as biological control agents: do they have a future? Biol Control 21(3):230–248. https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.2001.0938

Lehane MJ (1997) Peritrophic matrix structure and function. Annu Rev Entomol 42:525–550. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.42.1.525

Linsley EG (1942) Insect food caches as reservoirs and original sources of some stored products pests. J Econ Entomol 35(3):434–439

Lumanlan JC, Williams M, Jayasena V (2022) Edible insects: environmentally friendly sustainable future food source. Int J Food Sci Technol 57(10):6317–6325. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.16006

Article CAS Google Scholar

Mabelebele M, Kolobe SD, Malematja E, Sebola NA, Manyelo TG (2022) A comprehensive review of the importance of selected trace elements present in edible insects. Biol Trace Elem Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03423-z

Matandirotya NR, Filho WL, Mahed G, Maseko B, Murandu CV (2022) Edible insects consumption in Africa towards environmental health and sustainable food systems: a bibliometric study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(22):14823. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214823

Moshobane MC, Khoza TT, Niassy S (2022) The period of insect research in the tropics: a bibliometric analysis. Int J Trop Insect Sci 42(1):989–998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-021-00616-2

Piña-Domínguez IA, Ruiz-May E, Hernández-Rodríguez D, Zepeda RC, Melgar-Lalanne G (2022) Environmental effects of harvesting some Mexican wild edible insects: an overview. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 6:1021861. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.1021861

Rajendran S, Sriranjini V (2008) Plant products as fumigants for stored-product insect control. J Stored Prod Res 44(2):126–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2007.08.003

Schulz AN, Lucardi RD, Marsico TD (2021) Strengthening the ties that bind: an evaluation of cross-disciplinary communication between invasion ecologists and biological control researchers in entomology. Ann Entomol Soc Am 114(2):163–174. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saaa052

Shelton AM, Zhao JZ, Roush RT (2002) Economic, ecological, food safety, and social consequences of the deployment of Bt transgenic plants. Annu Rev Entomol 47:845–881. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145309

Stopar K, Trdan S, Bartol T, Arthur FH, Athanassiou CG (2022) Research on stored products: a bibliometric analysis of the leading journal of the field for the years 1965–2020. J Stored Prod Res 98:101980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2022.101980

Struelens Q, Silvie P (2020) Orienting insecticide research in the tropics to meet the sustainable development goals. Curr Opin Insect Sci 1(40):24–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2020.05.015

Valente-Neto F, Piovezan-Borges AC, Urbieta GL, Samways MJ, Roque FD (2022) Research networks should improve connectivity for halting freshwater insect extinctions. Ecol Entomol 47(1):63–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/een.13091

van Eck NJ, Waltman L (2022) Manual for VOSviewer version 1.6.18. Leiden University, Leiden

Google Scholar

van Huis A (2013) Potential of insects as food and feed in assuring food security. Annu Rev Entomol 58:563–583. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153704

VOSviewer (version 1.6.18, 2022, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands)

Wallace JB, Webster JR (1996) The role of macroinvertebrates in stream ecosystem function. Annu Rev Entomol 41:115–139. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.000555

Yuan BZ, Sun J (2022) Bibliometric analysis of rice and climate change publications based on Web of Science. Theoret Appl Climatol 150(1–2):347–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-022-04169-3

Yuan BZ, Sun J (2023) Research trend of rice and greenhouse gases based on Web of Science: a bibliometric analysis. All Earth 35(1):16–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/27669645.2022.2164412

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China

Bao-Zhong Yuan

Library, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bao-Zhong Yuan .

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

The present study reports the bibliometric analysis of edible insects from entomology category based on web of science during of 1942 to December 18, 2022. All papers written most in English (98.134 %), were from 11,742 authors, 2841 affiliation and 132 countries or territories, and published in 127 journals and book series. All keywords were separated into seven clusters for different research topics. The recent or front research topic were edible insects. Visualizations offer exploratory information on the current state in a scientific field or discipline as well as indicate possible developments in the future. We expect the results of this study to help researchers and communities better align their present and future work.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Yuan, BZ., Sun, J. Bibliometric Analysis of Edible Insects from Entomology Category Based on Web of Science. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-024-01570-y

Download citation

Received : 14 February 2023

Revised : 15 May 2023

Accepted : 08 March 2024

Published : 16 May 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-024-01570-y

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Bibliometric analysis
Edible insects
Web of science (WoS)
Find a journal
Publish with us
Track your research

IMAGES

Essay on Indian Economy
Indian Economy Essay
Essay on Indian Economy
Essay on Indian Economy
Essay new initiatives of government of india to boost up indian econo…
Essay On Indian Economy

VIDEO

Indian Economy
Essay on Indian Economy in English || Indian Economy Essay in English || About Indian Economy
economy system in Indian economy of class 12th//economy system//class 12//indian economy//#subscribe
Circular economy explained/Upsc essay writing in hindi//SDG
The Report About Indian Economy By The Economist and Bloomberg
Understanding the Economic Drain from India

COMMENTS

Essay on Indian Economy for Students in English
Further, the economic reforms in the early 90s opened a new chapter in India's economic history. It gave India an opportunity to shake off the shackles of its past and emerge on the world stage as a progressive nation. This essay on the Indian Economy will help students know about the Indian economy in detail.
Essay on Indian Economy for Students and Children
India is mainly an agricultural economy. Agricultural activities contribute about 50% of the economy. Agriculture involves growing and selling of crops, poultry, fishing, cattle rearing, and animal husbandry. People in India earn their livelihood by involving themselves in many of these activities. These activities are vital to our economy.
Essay on Indian Economy for Students in 100, 200 and 500 Words
500 words Essay on Indian Economy. Policies for the growth of the Indian economy aim at overcoming poverty, reducing wealth gaps, and optimising productivity. The main purpose of bridging the wealth gap between different sections of society is to improve the overall well-being of its population for sustainable economic development. 1.
Essay on Indian Economy for Students in English
Essay on Indian Economy: India is mainly an agrarian economy with agricultural supplies contributing up to 50% of the GDP index. The government has created fair policies with wage revisions and labourers rights to boost economic growth. The service sectors, manufacturing units, iron and steel companies, chemical and textile sectors, automobile industries contribute to the economy of the country.
Essay on The Indian Economy
500 Words Essay On the Indian economy. For a continuous period of more than 1700 years, starting in the year 1 AD, India was the greatest economy in the world, contributing 35 to 40% of the global GDP. Following the collapse of the British Empire, a combination of protectionist, import-substitution, Fabian socialism, and social democratic ...
Essay on Indian Economy
500 Words Essay on Indian Economy Introduction. The Indian economy, the world's fifth-largest by nominal GDP, is a complex and diverse system, characterized by a mix of modern industries, traditional agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of services, and a multitude of intermediate sectors. It is a unique blend of the public and private ...
Essay on Indian Economy for Students in English
Indian Economy is a concept which deals with the system which manages all Economic activities of a country. It covers different sectors like agriculture, industry, and services along with their sub-segments. Importance of Indian Economy: The Indian Economy is important to study because it is the seventh-largest in terms of purchasing power ...
Indian Economy Growth Rate & Economic System Insights
According to the McKinsey ...
Economy of India
The economy of India has transitioned from a mixed planned economy to a mixed middle-income developing social market economy with notable public sector in strategic sectors. It is the world's fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP); on a per capita income basis, India ranked 136th by GDP (nominal) and 125th by GDP (PPP).
PDF A Review
of the Indian economy and its journey in the last ten years and offers a brief sketch of the outlook for the economy in the coming years. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the past, present and future of the Indian economy. Chapter 2 takes a more detailed look at the government's policies and progress on various parameters in different ...
PDF Essays on India's Economy: Perspectives on Policy Reform
Essays on India's Economy: Perspectives on Policy Reform . Nirvikar Singh . Professor of Economics . University of California, Santa Cruz . July 2014 . Abstract . This is a collection of essays written for the Financial Express, an Indian financial daily. The common theme of these essays, which cover a period of almost four years, from June ...
Essay on Indian Economy
To know and understand the nature of Indian economy, it is very necessary to have a clear idea about the meaning of Indian economy. After Independence India launched her First Five Years plan in 1950-51; then now 5-Year Plan is going on. Although India is an agro-based economy, but lot of emphasis has been given on the development of industries ...
PDF Essays on India's Economic Growth
The 'Left' in India is repeatedly, in effect, coming down on the side of privilege and the status quo. The monster of misunderstanding India's growth process needs to be laid to rest. Making the most of FDI Thursday , October 12, 2006 India is growing robustly, in spite of high oil prices and a global economy that shows signs of slowing.
PDF Re-examining Narratives
The third essay in this volume draws the readers' attention to one such growth-enhancing structural transformation underway in the Indian economy. The realignment of India's position in global supply chains resulting from the evolving composition of its export basket of goods and services is the theme discussed in the volume's third essay.
Essays on Indian Economy
1 page / 606 words. India has witnessed a rapid increase in inequality beginning from the 1980s, with the top 1% of the population cornering as much as 22% of the national income. The share of national income accruing to the top 1% of income earners is at its highest... India Indian Economy. 4.
PDF WHITE PAPER ON THE INDIAN ECONOMY
foundations. According to economic observers, the economy reeled under profound mismanagement and indifference. ^Fundamentally, the decade of the UPA gove. rnment failed to undertake. economic, social, and administrative reforms to strengthen India's long-term economic potential, despite the golden opportunity offered by the years of high ...
The Indian Economic Journal: Sage Journals
The Indian Economic Journal. The Indian Economic Journal provides economists and academicians an exclusive forum for publishing their work pertaining to theoretical understanding of economics as well as empirical policy analysis of economic issues in broader context. View full journal description. This journal is a member of the Committee on ...
Essay on India's Economic Growth
4 Challenges Facing India's Economic Growth. 4.1 1) Poverty and income inequality: 4.2 2) Infrastructure gaps: 4.3 3) Political instability: 4.4 4) Lack of skilled labor force: 5 Government Policies to Promote Economic Growth. 5.1 1) Reforms in agriculture, manufacturing, and service sectors: 5.2 2) Policies to attract foreign investment: 5.3 ...
Essays on Indian Economics: A Collection of Essays and Speeches
This book is a collection of twelve essays that have write-ups and speeches by the Indian scholar and social reformer, Mahadev Govind Ranade. The first essay on 'Indian Political Economy' covers the main aspects of the following essays in brief. The remaining essays are based on varied subjects like credit organisations, state encouragement of agriculture and industry, emigration, local ...
10000 PDFs
Explore the latest full-text research PDFs, articles, conference papers, preprints and more on INDIAN ECONOMY. Find methods information, sources, references or conduct a literature review on ...
Caste and the Indian Economy
The obvious explanation for India's confusing dichotomy of macro-economic progress and stagnant micro-economic growth is the Caste system; but to understand the impact of Caste on India's economic growth, or more specifically the benefactors of this growth, we must first ascertain what the caste system is.
Impact of Covid-19 on The Indian Economy
The impacts of COVID-19 on significant sectors of the Indian economy are the following. The entire chain of demand and production cycle is disturbed due to huge uncertainty and fall in market. The sectors such as Tourism and Travels, Aviation are one among the many affected sectors those are facing the maximum crisis.
Indian Politics Essay for Students in English
Long Essay on Indian Politics. The functioning of the political system is crucial for the smooth development of any country. India is no different. From being the largest democracy in the world and having the Prime Minister as the supreme leader of the country, Indian politics has its own charisma. In the given below Indian politics essay, one ...
India's Economy Isn't the New China (Yet)
When Mr. Modi first took office in 2014, India was the world's 10th-largest economy by gross domestic product at market exchange rates. It's now the fifth-largest economy, behind only the U.S ...
This Quote Means: 'There can be no social justice without economic
However, basic concerns related to a standard of living remained. The 1991 economic reforms, which liberalised the economy, were seen as a turning point in this regard, significantly opening the doors for the private sector. The dilemma between economic and social progress. Despite the successes of those reforms, severe drawbacks are emerging.
America Needs a New Economic Model
This system of 'co-management' allows owners and worker to strike a balance between pursuing profit and all the other things we want from work - security, dignity, a sense of achievement ...
India to have world's second-largest metro system in two years ...
Union Minister, Mr. Hardeep ...
metro system: "India to have world's second ...
Union Minister Hardeep Singh Puri highlighted the remarkable growth of India's urban metro transport, noting that the country is on track to have the world's second-largest urban metro system in the next two and a half years. He emphasized the success of Delhi's metro system, with 73 lakh riders daily, contributing to easier city commutes despite its expanding population.
Bibliometric Analysis of Edible Insects from Entomology ...
Based on Web of Science database and using the bibliometric analysis method, the 3591 papers were analyzed in the field of edible insects topic research from Entomology category during of 1942 to December 18, 2022. All papers written most in English (98.134%), were from 11,742 authors, 2841 affiliation and 132 countries or territories, and published in 127 journals and book series. The top ...

Essay on Indian Economy

500+ Words Essay on the Indian Economy

Role of Agriculture in the Indian Economy

Role of Industry in India’s Economy

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Register with BYJU'S & Download Free PDFs

Essay on Indian Economy for Students and Children

Government’s Role in Economic Growth

The Rise of the Industrial Sector

The Growth in Service Sector

Indian Economy after Demonetization

Customize your course in 30 seconds

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Download the App

30,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today

Essay on Indian Economy for Students in 100, 200 and 500 Words

100 words Essay on Indian Economy

200 words Essay on Indian Economy

500 words Essay on Indian Economy

Deepika Joshi

Connect With Us

30,000+ students realised their study abroad dream with us. Take the first step today.

Need help with?

Country Preference

Which English test are you planning to take?

When are you planning to take the exam?

Which Degree do you wish to pursue?

What is your budget to study abroad?

Make your study abroad dream a reality in January 2022 with

Essex Direct Admission Day

Essay on Indian Economy for Students in English | 500 Words Essay

Essay on Indian Economy 500 Words in English

History of the Indian Economy

Sectors of the Indian Economy

Problems facing the Indian Economy

Essay on Indian Economy

100 Words Essay on Indian Economy

Key Sectors

Global Influence

250 Words Essay on Indian Economy

Structural Transformation

Liberalization and Globalization

Future Prospects

500 Words Essay on Indian Economy

Historical Overview

Liberalization and Its Impact

Current Economic Scenario

Challenges and Opportunities

Future Outlook

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Essay on Indian Economy

Essay on India’s Economic Growth

Introduction

Historical Overview of India’s Economic Growth

Key Contributors to India’s Economic Growth

1) Agriculture sector:

2) Manufacturing sector

3) Service sector

4) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Challenges Facing India’s Economic Growth

1) Poverty and income inequality:

2) Infrastructure gaps:

3) Political instability:

4) Lack of skilled labor force:

Government Policies to Promote Economic Growth

1) Reforms in agriculture, manufacturing, and service sectors:

2) Policies to attract foreign investment:

3) Programs for skill development and employment generation

4) Investment in infrastructure development

FAQs related to “India’s Economic Growth”

What are the major drivers of India’s economic growth?

What are the major challenges facing India’s economic growth?

What initiatives has the government taken to promote economic growth in India?

What is the Skill India program?

What is the Make in India program?

What is the Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana?

What is the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund?

What is the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana?

What is the future outlook for India’s economic growth?

Related Posts: