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Y4 Fractions and Decimals Lesson 12 - Word Problems - Year 4

Subject: Mathematics

Age range: 7-11

Resource type: Lesson (complete)

Last updated

6 September 2023

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This is a complete lesson pack with high quality resources for Year 4 Fractions and Decimals- Word Problems.

This lesson pack includes:

• Differentiated Activity Sheets

The lesson forms a part of a series of lessons on Fractions and Decimals . Other lessons in this series are:

• Lesson 1: Equivalent Fractions
• Lesson 2: Fractions of Amounts
• Lesson 3: Calculating Quantities
• Lesson 4: Addition
• Lesson 5: Subtraction
• Lesson 6: Tenths and Hundredths
• Lesson 7: Decimal Equivalents
• Lesson 8: Dividing by 10
• Lesson 9: Dividing by 100
• Lesson 10: Rounding Decimals
• Lesson 11: Comparing Decimals
• Lesson 12: Word Problems

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Y4 Unit Bundle Fractions and Decimals - Year 4

This is a complete unit pack with high quality resources for Year 4 Fractions and Decimals. It includes 12 lesson packs covering the following topics: * Lesson 1: Equivalent Fractions * Lesson 2: Fractions of Amounts * Lesson 3: Calculating Quantities * Lesson 4: Addition * Lesson 5: Subtraction * Lesson 6: Tenths and Hundredths * Lesson 7: Decimal Equivalents * Lesson 8: Dividing by 10 * Lesson 9: Dividing by 100 * Lesson 10: Rounding Decimals * Lesson 11: Comparing Decimals * Lesson 12: Word Problems Each lesson pack includes: * PowerPoint Presentation * Differentiated Activity Sheets * Challenge Cards * A4 Poster

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Fraction Word Problem Worksheets

Featured here is a vast collection of fraction word problems, which require learners to simplify fractions, add like and unlike fractions; subtract like and unlike fractions; multiply and divide fractions. The fraction word problems include proper fraction, improper fraction, and mixed numbers. Solve each word problem and scroll down each printable worksheet to verify your solutions using the answer key provided. Thumb through some of these word problem worksheets for free!

Represent and Simplify the Fractions: Type 1

Presented here are the fraction pdf worksheets based on real-life scenarios. Read the basic fraction word problems, write the correct fraction and reduce your answer to the simplest form.

• Download the set

Represent and Simplify the Fractions: Type 2

Before representing in fraction, children should perform addition or subtraction to solve these fraction word problems. Write your answer in the simplest form.

Adding Fractions Word Problems Worksheets

Conjure up a picture of how adding fractions plays a significant role in our day-to-day lives with the help of the real-life scenarios and circumstances presented as word problems here.

(15 Worksheets)

Subtracting Fractions Word Problems Worksheets

Crank up your skills with this set of printable worksheets on subtracting fractions word problems presenting real-world situations that involve fraction subtraction!

Multiplying Fractions Word Problems Worksheets

This set of printables is for the ardently active children! Explore the application of fraction multiplication and mixed-number multiplication in the real world with this exhilarating practice set.

Fraction Division Word Problems Worksheets

Gift children a broad view of the real-life application of dividing fractions! Let them divide fractions by whole numbers, divide 2 fractions, divide mixed numbers, and solve the word problems here.

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» Decimal Word Problems

» Ratio Word Problems

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» Math Word Problems

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Count up and down in hundredths

They will also be expected to count up and down in hundredths mentally.

Solve problems involving quantities and non-unit fractions

Your child will calculate quantities involving fractions. For instance, they might be asked to find a fraction of a set of objects. They should be able to do this even when the answer is not a whole number. For example:

 of 22 = 3 

They will solve problems involving fractions to divide quantities, including non-unit fractions . For example:

  of 12 First they will find the value of     = 4. Then they will multiply this value by 2 to find     = 8.

Add and subtract fractions with the same denominator

Your child will use drawings, diagrams, and symbols to add and subtract fractions with the same denominator (the bottom number of a fraction). For example:

Use decimal equivalents of tenths or hundredths

In Year 4, your child will learn that decimals and fractions are different ways of expressing numbers and proportions.

Use decimal equivalents of ¼, ½, ¾, and tenths and hundredths

Your child will learn to use decimal equivalents of any number of tenths or hundredths. For example:

  is equivalent to 0.1.     is equivalent to 0.3.     is equivalent to 0.01.     is equivalent to 0.05.     is equivalent to 0.25.     is equivalent to 0.5.     is equivalent to 0.75.

Divide one- or two-digit numbers by 10 and 100

Your child will be able to divide numbers by 10 and 100.

They will know what happens when they divide a 1- or 2-digit number by 10 and 100, identifying the value of the digits in the answer as ones, tenths, and hundredths. For example:

3 ÷ 10 = 0·3 =   5 ÷ 100 = 0·05 =  

Round numbers with 1 decimal place

Your child will round numbers with decimals up and down to the nearest whole number. For example:

1.6 will round up to 2. 18.3 will round down to 18.

Compare numbers with up to 2 decimal places

Your child will learn to compare decimal numbers with up to two decimal places and say which one is bigger or smaller. At this stage, they will mainly be comparing numbers with the same number of decimal places. For example:

3.45 is smaller than 3.54. 8.8 is bigger than 8.5.

Solve simple measure and money problems

Your child will solve real-world problems involving fractions and decimals to 2 decimal places.

They will also represent numbers with one or two decimal places in several ways, such as on number lines .

How to help at home

There are lots of ways you can help your child to understand fractions. Here are just a few ideas.

1. Explore equivalent fractions

Equivalent fractions are different fractions that have the same value.

Fraction wall

When they have done this, ask them if they notice any patterns in the sequence of fractions. Help your child notice that you can change one fraction into an equivalent fraction by multiplying (or dividing) the numerator and the denominator by the same number.

2. Simplify fractions

Your child will learn to simplify fractions. Simplifying a fraction means reducing the fraction into its simplest form.

To simplify fractions, your child will find the highest common factor of the numerator and the denominator and then divide both numbers by it. The ‘highest common factor’ is the biggest number that can be divided equally into both the numerator and the denominator. For example:

Simplify  .   We know that 5 is the highest common factor of 5 and 25 (i.e. it is the biggest number that both 5 and 25 can be divided by to arrive at whole numbers).   We can therefore divide the numerator and the denominator by 5 to get the answer:  .

If the numerator and the denominator do not have a common factor, then they are fully simplified. See page three of our Fraction Calculations in School booklet for more information.

Fraction Calculations in School

3. Think about fractions while shopping

Shopping together can provide a useful opportunity to think about fractions as decimals.

Encourage your child to compare price tags. This is great practice for comparing numbers with two decimal places. For example, one item may cost £1.67 and another may cost £1.76. Ask your child to say which one is bigger and to explain how they know. They could even use the greater than > or less than < symbols to compare numbers up to two decimal places (for example, 5.67 < 5.71).

Try using place value charts to help your child compare numbers with two decimal places. Place value charts are a way of showing how big numbers are visually. For example:

By showing the numbers with a place value chart, your child can understand the value of the number more easily. For example, place value charts could help with this comparison:

4.20 has four ones, two tenths and zero hundredths. 4.76 has four ones, seven tenths and six hundredths. Therefore, 4.76 is greater than 4.20.

4. Round decimals

Your child will need to be able to round decimals with one decimal place to the nearest whole number.

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Year 4 Maths Worksheets UK Hub Page

Welcome to our Year 4 Maths Worksheets Hub page.

Here you will find our selection of printable maths worksheets for Year 4 children, for your child will enjoy.

Take a look at our times table colouring pages, or maybe some of our fraction of shapes worksheets. Perhaps you would prefer our time worksheets, or learning about line or block symmetry?

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Year 4 Maths Learning

Here are some of the key learning objectives for the end of Year 4:

• know and use Place value up to 4 digits
• Compare and order numbers up to 10,000
• Counting on and back in 1s, 10s, 100s and 1,000s from different starting points
• Position numbers on a number line up to 10,000
• Round numbers to the nearest 10, 100 or 1000.
• Count backwards through zero and use negative numbers.
• add and subtract with up to 4 digits in columns
• add or subtract 1s, 10s, 100s or 1000s from a 4-digit number
• solve 2-step problems using addition and subtraction
• recall and use multiplication and division facts up to 12x12
• recognise and use factor pairs
• multiply 2-digit and 3-digit numbers by a 1-digit number
• solve problems using multiplication and division
• count up and down in hundredths
• recognise and use equivalent fractions
• add and subtract fractions with the same denominator
• solve fraction problems including with non-unit fractions
• write common fractions such halves and quarters as decimals;
• understand tenths and hundredths as decimals
• round decimals with 1dp to the nearest whole
• compare numbers with up to 2dp
• solve simple money and measure problems
• measure, compare and calculate using different measures
• find the area and perimeter of squares and rectangles
• convert between 12- and 24-hour clock
• convert between different units of measure
• identify and order acute and obtuse angles
• compare and classify 2D and 3D shapes according to their properties
• identify lines of symmetry in 2D shapes
• use coordinates in the first quadrant
• translate shapes up, down, left and right
• interpret and present data in bar graphs, pictograms and tabels
• solve 1-step and 2-step problems using data in tables, pictograms and graphs

Please note:

Our site is mainly based around the US Elementary school math standards.

Though the links on this page are all designed primarily for students in the US, but they are also at the correct level and standard for UK students.

The main issue is that some of the spelling is different and this site uses US spelling.

Year 4 is generally equivalent to 3rd Grade in the US.

On this page you will find link to our range of math worksheets for Year 4 pupils.

Quicklinks to Year 4 ...

• Online 3rd Grade Practice
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Coronavirus Stay At Home Support

For those parents who have found themselves unexpectedly at home with the kids and need some emergency activities for them to do, we have started to develop some Maths Grab Packs for kids in the UK.

Each pack consists of at least 10 mixed math worksheets on a variety of topics to help you keep you child occupied and learning.

The idea behind them is that they can be used out-of-the-box for some quick maths activities for your child.

They are completely FREE - take a look!

• Free Maths Grabs Packs

Place Value & Number Sense Zone

Year 4 numbers & place value worksheets.

Using these Year 4 maths worksheets will help your child to:

• learn their place value with 4 digit numbers;
• use place value models to understand how to combine thousands, hundreds, tens and ones;
• understand the value of each digit in a 4 digit number;
• learn to use standard and expanded form with 4 digit numbers.
• learn to read and write Roman numerals
• Place Value Models 4 Digits
• Place Value 4 Digit Numbers Worksheets (conversion)
• Ordering 4-Digit Numbers
• Ordering Negative Numbers -10 to 10
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Year 4 Counting & Sequences Worksheets

Each worksheets consists of a sequence which has been partially filled in. The rest of each sequence must be completed.

At this grade, the focus is on counting on and back in constant steps of a digit.

• Counting on and back by digits

Rounding, Inequalities, Multiples and Balancing Equations

Using these Year 4 Maths worksheets will help your child to:

• round a number to the nearest 10, 100 or 1000;
• use the > and < symbols correctly for inequalities;
• use multiples and apply them to solve problems.
• learn to balance math equations
• Rounding to the nearest 10 Worksheets
• Rounding to the nearest 100 worksheets
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Year 4 Mental Math Zone

Here you will find a range of printable Year 4 mental maths quizzes for your child to enjoy.

Each quiz tests the children on a range of math topics from number facts and mental arithmetic to geometry, fraction and measures questions.

A great way to revise topics, or use as a weekly math quiz!

• Year 4 Mental Maths Test sheets

Number Bonds Worksheets

The worksheets on this page will help to develop children's knowledge of numbers bonds to 20, 50 and 100.

There are a range of matching and wordsearches for children to enjoy whilst developing their number bond knowledge.

• Number Bonds to 50 and 100

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Year 4 Addition Worksheets

• learn to add numbers mentally to 100;
• add on 1, 10, 100 and 1000 to different numbers;
• learn to add 4 digit numbers in columns;
• Addition Facts Worksheets to 100+100
• 4-Digit Addition Worksheets
• Money Addition Worksheets (£ )

Year 4 Subtraction Worksheets (3rd Grade)

Using these subtraction worksheets will help your child to:

• learn to subtract numbers mentally to 100;
• learn to do 4 Digit column subtraction.
• Third Grade Subtraction Worksheets to 100
• 4 Digit Subtraction Worksheets
• Money Subtraction Worksheets UK (£ )

Year 4 Multiplication Worksheets

• learn their multiplication tables up to 12 x 12;
• understand and use different models of multiplication;
• solve a range of Year 4 Multiplication problems.

Online Times Table Practice

• Times Tables Practice Zone

Understanding Multiplication

• Understanding Multiplication Facts Worksheets to 10x10

Multiplication Table Worksheets

• Multiplication Table Worksheets - 2 3 4 5 10
• Multiplication Drill Sheets 6 7 8 9
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• Times Table Worksheets Circles 1 to 12 tables
• Multiplying (integers) by 10 and 100 Worksheets
• Multiplying by Multiples of 10 and 100

2-Digit Multiplication

• 2 Digit Multiplication Worksheets

Multiplication Word Problems

• Year 4 Multiplication Word Problem Worksheets (3rd Grade)

Randomly Generated Multiplication Worksheets

Using our random worksheet generator, you can:

• Choose the tables you want to test;
• Choose how big you want the numbers to go - up to 5 times, 10 times or bigger!
• Choose how many questions per page.
• Times Tables Worksheets (randomly generated)
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Year 4 Division Worksheets

Using these Year 4 Maths worksheets will help your child learn to:

• understand how division and multiplication relate to one another;
• know their division facts to 10x10;
• begin to learn 2-digit by 1-digit long division.
• Division Facts to 10x10 Worksheets
• Divding by Multiples of 10 and 100 Worksheets
• Year 4 Long Division Worksheets (3rd grade)
• Division Facts Worksheets (randomly generated)

Using the 3rd Grade Math worksheets will help your child to:

• apply their addition, subtraction, and multiplication skills;
• develop their knowledge of fractions;
• apply their knowledge of rounding and place value;
• solve a range of 'real life' problems.

These sheets involve solving one or two more challenging longer problems.

• Year 4 Math Problems (3rd Grade)

These sheets involve solving many 'real-life' problems involving data.

• Year 4 Math Word Problems for kids (3rd Grade)

These sheets involve solving 3-digit and 4-digit addition word problems.

• Addition Word Problems 3rd Grade (3- and 4-digits)

These sheets involve solving 3-digit and 4-digit subtraction problems.

• Subtraction Word Problems 3rd Grade

These sheets involve solving a range of multiplciation problems.

These sheets involve solving a range of division problems.

• Division Worksheets Grade 3 Word Problems

Year 4 Fraction Worksheets

Using these sheets will help your child to:

• understand what fractions are;
• relate fractions to everyday objects and quantities;
• place different fractions on a number line;
• shade in different fractions of a shapes;
• work out unit fractions of numbers.

• What is a Mixed Number Support page
• Finding Fractions - Fraction Spotting
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• Fraction Riddles for kids (easier)

Year 4 Geometry Worksheets

The following worksheets will help your child to:

• Identify and name a range of 2d and 3d shapes;
• Draw 2d shapes;
• Use reflective symmetry to reflect shapes in a mirror line.
• recognise and identify right angles and lines of symmetry;
• recognise and identify parallel lines;
• identify the faces, edges, vertices and nets of 3d shapes;
• Year 4 Free Printable Geometry Worksheets
• Block Symmetry Worksheet
• Line Symmetry Worksheets
• Symmetry Activities
• Geometry Nets Information and Worksheets

Measurement Zone, including Time & Money

Year 4 measurement worksheets.

• Year 4 Measurement Worksheets - reading scales
• Metric Conversion Worksheets

Year 4 Money Worksheets

Using challenges is a great way to get kids to use their thinking skills and extend learning by applying the knowledge they have.

• count a range of coins up to £10
• compare money amounts
• apply their existing skills to puzzle out clues;
• understand money terminology;
• develop their thinking skills.
• Year 4 Money Challenges
• Column Addition Money Worksheets (UK)
• Column Subtraction Money Worksheets (UK)

Area and Perimeter Worksheets

• understand area and perimeter;
• learn how to find the area and perimeter of rectangles.
• Area Worksheets
• Perimeter Worksheets

Time Worksheets

Using the sheets in this section will help your child to:

• tell the time to the nearest 5 minutes;
• become familiar with both digital and analogue times;
• use the words 'past' and 'to' to describe the time correctly.
• add and subtract time intervals from times and work out time intervals.
• Add and Subtract Time Worksheets
• Elapsed Time Worksheets
• Printable Time Worksheets - Time Puzzles (easier)
• 24 Hour Clock Conversion Worksheets

On this page there are a selection of bar and picture graphs, including bar graphs with real-life data such as tree heights.

• Year 4 Bar Graph Worksheets (3rd grade)
• Year 4 Venn Diagram Worksheets

Fun Zone: Puzzles, Games and Riddles

Year 4 maths games.

The following games involve different Year 4 Maths activities which you and your child can enjoy together.

• Year 4 / Third Grade Math Games

Year 4 Math Puzzles

The puzzles will help your child practice and apply their addition, subtraction and multiplication facts as well as developing their thinking and reasoning skills in a fun and engaging way.

• Year 4 Math Puzzle Worksheets (3rd Grade)

Math Salamanders Year 4 Maths Games Ebook

Our Year 4 Maths Games Ebook contains all of our fun maths games, complete with instructions and resources.

This ebooklet is available in our store - use the link below to find out more!

• Year 4 Maths Games Ebook

Other UK Maths Worksheet pages

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Fractions KS2

This collection is one of our Primary Curriculum collections - tasks that are grouped by topic.

Fraction Match

A task which depends on members of the group noticing the needs of others and responding.

Here is a picnic that Petros and Michael are going to share equally. Can you tell us what each of them will have?

Round the Dice Decimals 2

What happens when you round these numbers to the nearest whole number?

Fractional Wall

Using the picture of the fraction wall, can you find equivalent fractions?

Would You Rather?

Would you rather: Have 10% of £5 or 75% of 80p? Be given 60% of 2 pizzas or 26% of 5 pizzas?

Round the Dice Decimals 1

Use two dice to generate two numbers with one decimal place. What happens when you round these numbers to the nearest whole number?

Tumbling Down

Watch this animation. What do you see? Can you explain why this happens?

Linked Chains

Can you find ways to make twenty-link chains from these smaller chains? This gives opportunities for different approaches.

Fractional Triangles

Use the lines on this figure to show how the square can be divided into 2 halves, 3 thirds, 6 sixths and 9 ninths.

Bryony's Triangle

Watch the video to see how to fold a square of paper to create a flower. What fraction of the piece of paper is the small triangle?

A4 Fraction Subtraction

This task offers opportunities to subtract fractions using A4 paper.

Matching Fractions

Can you find different ways of showing the same fraction? Try this matching game and see.

Andy's Marbles

Andy had a big bag of marbles but unfortunately the bottom of it split and all the marbles spilled out. Use the information to find out how many there were in the bag originally.

More Fraction Bars

What fraction of the black bar are the other bars? Have a go at this challenging task!

Fractions in a Box

The discs for this game are kept in a flat square box with a square hole for each. Use the information to find out how many discs of each colour there are in the box.

Extending Fraction Bars

Can you compare these bars with each other and express their lengths as fractions of the black bar?

Route Product

Find the product of the numbers on the routes from A to B. Which route has the smallest product? Which the largest?

Fraction Lengths

Can you find combinations of strips of paper which equal the length of the black strip? If the length of the black is 1, how could you write the sum of the strips?

Light Blue - Dark Blue

Investigate the successive areas of light blue in these diagrams.

A4 Fraction Addition

Try adding fractions using A4 paper.

Forgot the Numbers

On my calculator I divided one whole number by another whole number and got the answer 3.125. If the numbers are both under 50, what are they?

Matching Fractions, Decimals and Percentages

Can you match pairs of fractions, decimals and percentages, and beat your previous scores?

Doughnut Percents

A task involving the equivalence between fractions, percentages and decimals which depends on members of the group noticing the needs of others and responding.

There are three tables in a room with blocks of chocolate on each. Where would be the best place for each child in the class to sit if they came in one at a time?

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I.C.C. Prosecutor Requests Warrants for Israeli and Hamas Leaders

The move sets up a possible showdown between the international court and israel with its biggest ally, the united states..

This transcript was created using speech recognition software. While it has been reviewed by human transcribers, it may contain errors. Please review the episode audio before quoting from this transcript and email [email protected] with any questions.

From “The New York Times,” I’m Sabrina Tavernise, and this is “The Daily.”

[MUSIC PLAYING]

Earlier this week, the top prosecutor of the International Criminal Court requested arrest warrants for Israel’s prime minister and its defense minister. The move shocked Israelis and set up a possible showdown between the world’s top criminal court and Israel, together with its biggest ally, the United States. Today, my colleague, Jerusalem Bureau Chief Patrick Kingsley, explains.

It’s Thursday, May 23rd.

So, Patrick, earlier this week, there was a pretty surprising announcement by the International Criminal Court in The Hague. It had to do with Israel and Hamas. Tell us what happened.

Well, on Monday morning, we were all taken by surprise by an announcement from the chief prosecutor at the ICC, the International Criminal Court, the top criminal court in the world. It tries individuals accused of war crimes. And the chief prosecutor announced that he was requesting arrest warrants for five individuals involved in the war between Israel and Hamas for crimes against humanity. Three of them were from Hamas — Yahya Sinwar, the head of Hamas within Gaza, the Hamas military commander, and the political leader of Hamas, who’s based in Qatar.

But maybe the biggest news in this announcement was that the chief prosecutor was seeking the arrest of two of Israel’s top leaders — Benjamin Netanyahu, the prime minister, and Yoav Gallant, the defense minister. And this was a massive bombshell. These two men are leaders from a major US ally. They’re in regular contact with the US government, and they were being implicitly equated with the three top leaders of an organization, Hamas, that many consider a terrorist organization. And this equation sent shockwaves through Israeli society and, indeed, around the world.

So this is absolutely remarkable, Patrick. I mean, I, for one, was quite surprised by seeing this. I want to dig into it with you. So who is this prosecutor behind these requests for these warrants? And how did he reach this decision to go for them in the first place?

So the prosecutor’s name is Karim Khan, and he is a British lawyer, a British barrister. He is 54. He’s led a very impressive career. He has spent years working on human rights cases, both defending people and also prosecuting in such cases.

He was involved in tribunals related to the wars surrounding the breakup of the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda. He investigated Islamic State crimes in Iraq. And in 2021, he is appointed the top prosecutor at the ICC.

And what are his responsibilities as top prosecutor?

Well, it’s his job to travel the world and investigate allegations of human rights abuses, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and in the process, plays a key role in deciding who gets prosecuted at the International Criminal Court. The ICC and the ICC prosecutor investigates and tries people who would not be pursued by the judicial system within their countries of origin. It steps in when it seems like the domestic authorities in any given country are not doing their job.

And last year, he famously went after President Putin in Russia in connection with the war in Ukraine.

So at what point did this prosecutor, Karim Khan, turn his attention to Israel and Gaza?

Well, he actually inherits an investigation from his predecessor that’s looking at Israel’s conduct and also that of Hamas during a previous war in 2014 between the two sides. But then that gets superseded on October 7th by the horrors that we saw that day committed by Hamas and then by the scale and damage caused by Israel’s bombing campaign in its counterattack.

And we begin to see not only revulsion and horror at what Hamas had done in early October, but also growing criticism and condemnation of what Israel and its Air Force did in its response. You’ll remember that earlier this year, the International Court of Justice, a separate court also in The Hague, began to address claims that Israel was and is committing a genocide in Gaza, a claim that Israel strongly denies.

Right. That was the case that South Africa brought. We did an episode about that.

Yes, exactly. So as the world’s attention focuses on this new conflict, so does Karim Khan’s.

Also today, the International Criminal Court’s Chief Prosecutor, Karim Khan, QC, has wrapped up a visit to Israel and the occupied West Bank.

Khan has visited the region to investigate if war crimes were committed on October 7th.

We start to see him arrive in Israel visiting some of the sites that Hamas attacked last year, talking to survivors, talking to leaders, reviewing security camera footage, and so on.

I have just come from the border of the Rafah crossing, and we could see Gaza, at least we could see cranes that were on the territory of Gaza.

And he also visited the Rafah crossing between Egypt and Gaza, talks to Palestinians.

At the Ministry of Justice in Ramallah, the chief prosecutor of the world’s highest court.

He goes to the Israeli occupied West Bank, to Ramallah, where the Palestinian Authority is based, building up evidence that led to this announcement on Monday.

Today, I’m filing applications for warrants of arrest before Pre-Trial Chamber I of the International Criminal Court.

And he makes this very dramatic announcement in a video.

My office has diligently collected evidence and interviewed survivors and eyewitnesses at the scene of at least six major attack locations.

Flanked on each side by two of his deputies.

I have reasonable grounds to believe that three senior leaders of Hamas, Yahya Sinwar, Mohammed DEIF and Ismail Haniyeh, bear criminal responsibility for the following international crimes.

And the accusations that he makes against the three Hamas leaders focus on the violent actions that Hamas took on October 7th.

Extermination as a crime against humanity. Murder as a crime against humanity.

And he walked through a long list of charges stemming from the extraordinary violence during that attack.

The taking of hostages as a war crime. Rape and other acts of sexual violence during captivity.

And he says there are reasonable grounds to believe that hostages taken from Israel have been subject to sexual violence, including rape, while being held in captivity. And he cites assessment of medical records, video, and documentary evidence, as well as interviews with victims and survivors.

And I repeat and underline my call for the immediate release of all hostages taken from Israel and for their immediate safe return to their families.

So this prosecutor sees the atrocities on October 7th and then what followed with Hamas taking the hostages, abusing them, as crimes against humanity. That’s what it amounted to in his view?

And what about the charges against the Israelis?

These are slightly different.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Minister of Defense Yoav Gallant bear criminal responsibility for the following international crimes.

Obviously, a lot of the outcry and horror at the war in Gaza has centered around Israel’s airstrikes that have killed tens of thousands of Gazans. But Karim Khan focuses not on the military actions of Benjamin Netanyahu and Yoav Gallant, his defense minister, but on the accusation of —

Starvation of civilians as a method of warfare.

— starvation. The idea that Israel has allegedly sought to restrict and block aid deliveries, food supplies to Gaza with the intent to starve the civilian population there.

These individuals, through a common plan, have systematically deprived the civilian population of Gaza of objects indispensable to human survival.

And that’s primarily based on the fact that for the first two weeks of the war, until October 21st or so, Israel blocked all aid entry to Gaza after Yoav Gallant, the defense minister, one of these two Israelis whose arrests Mr. Khan seeks, said that he was imposing a total siege on Gaza — no food, no fuel, no electricity. And while that total siege was eased towards the end of October, Khan also notes that there have been continuing restrictions on essential supplies, like food and medicine, ever since.

That conduct took place alongside attacks that killed civilians, the obstruction of aid delivery by humanitarian organizations, and attacks on aid workers that forced many of those same humanitarian organizations to either cease operations or limit their life-saving efforts in Gaza.

The implication is that the famine that he says is present in some areas of Gaza and imminent in other areas is in part the responsibility of Netanyahu and Gallant.

That starvation has caused and continues to cause deaths, malnutrition, dehydration, and profound suffering among the population. My office charges Netanyahu and Gallant as co-perpetrators and as superiors in the commission of these alleged crimes.

Why is the focus of these charges starvation? I mean, given that the airstrikes, as you say, were in many ways really the focus of this war and certainly the focus of the world’s attention on this war, the civilian deaths from the military operation. Why starvation?

Karim Khan does not explain why he focuses on starvation rather than Israel’s military tactics, which he mentions only in passing. But legal experts have said that it’s easier to prove that starvation was used as a method of warfare than it is to prove that there have been any specific crimes involved in any specific airstrikes. And that’s because under the rules of war and international law, it’s not necessarily illegal in and of itself to kill civilians during wartime. If a military assesses, with the help of military lawyers, that the likely civilian death toll caused by that strike is proportional to the value of the military target, then that, in many cases, will be in accordance with the rules of war. If a military can prove that sense of proportionality, then it’s actually quite hard to prove that there was any crime committed in the process.

So in other words, military actions are often weighed quite carefully. In the case of, say, a modern military like Israel’s or the United States, there are lawyers that look at these things. It’s not necessarily so easy to prove that something was disproportionate and should be considered a crime.

Exactly. Whereas with the crime of starvation, legal experts say that it’s potentially easier to prove that there was some wrongdoing there because Yoav Gallant, the Israeli Defense Minister, went on record in a public statement, and he announced that there would be a total siege on the territory of Gaza. And that was followed by an action, the action of closing off Gaza’s borders for the next two weeks, and no aid was allowed in. During that time, there were restrictions on electricity, water, fuel, as well as food. And that’s why legal experts think that Karim Khan has gone after Israel with the crime of starvation rather than focusing on their military operations.

But I suppose just thinking about our coverage, Patrick, and the conversations you and I have had, famine and starvation and a civilian population in extreme distress trapped in a small piece of territory is also not a small thing, right? That is also something that makes sense that the court would be considering.

Absolutely, it’s a huge thing. People don’t have to be hit by an airstrike to be living through an absolutely catastrophic situation.

So these charges really seem to spell bad news for Israel and for these two Israeli leaders, Netanyahu and Gallant. And it’s remarkable because these are men who, as you say, are some of America’s closest allies. I mean, they’re, you know, at the Pentagon. They’re having meetings with President Biden. And now, the chief prosecutor of the ICC is saying that they are war criminals.

Yes, it is a very dramatic moment in the view of some people, a turning point, and certainly, we can say that it is one of the harshest rebukes of Israel’s wartime conduct since October 7th.

But within Israel, there’s been a very different reaction. And it’s not all bad news for Benjamin Netanyahu.

We’ll be right back.

So, Patrick, what do Israelis make of this announcement?

Within Israel, the reaction has been very different. Whether it’s Netanyahu’s allies or his critics, there has been almost uniform outrage that the prosecutor for the ICC would make these accusations. And it means that at a time of rising domestic criticism of Prime Minister Netanyahu across the political spectrum, with only a very few exceptions, everyone has rallied behind Netanyahu and Gallant. Despite the fact that Netanyahu is increasingly unpopular and even within his own government, there have been growing criticism of his wartime strategy.

For example, just two days before the prosecutor’s announcement, one of the senior members of his own wartime cabinet, Benny Gantz, issued Netanyahu with an ultimatum, warning him that he would quit the government if he did not spell out a plan for a post-war Gaza. Then, suddenly, the announcement comes from Karim Khan that Netanyahu and Gallant are under investigation. And Gantz is one of the first to come out with a condemnation of Karim Khan and a defense of the Israeli government. That is the clearest example of how even critics of Netanyahu have fallen in line, circled the wagons, and presented a united front.

This is really interesting. So this action by the prosecutor has kind of had the effect of actually closing divisions that were starting to appear in Israeli society, effectively bringing Netanyahu’s critics kind of back into his camp, or at least making it harder to criticize him.

Exactly. And Israelis, in general, feel that Israel has always been targeted unfairly, held to a higher standard than many other countries, and that this is, once again, another example of that, another example of Israel being accused of things that other countries do but get away with. And there have been broadly three criticisms from the Israelis of the ICC prosecutor.

First, the Israeli claim is that the ICC prosecutor is making a horrible false equivalence between Hamas, a terrorist organization, and Israel, a democratic state. Hamas raided Israel and launched the bloodiest attack on Jews in a single day since the Holocaust. Israel, in the eyes of Israelis, is fighting a righteous response to protect their citizens and to win back the liberty of the hostages that were captured on October 7th.

This guy is out to demonize Israel. He’s doing a hit job.

And Netanyahu himself articulated some of the clearest versions of this argument when he went on American television.

He’s creating false symmetry, false facts, and he’s doing a grave injustice to the International Court.

And he called Khan’s decision absurd, an effort to demonize Israel and to hold it to far higher standards than any other country. He said it would have been as if after 9/11 —

That’s like saying after 9/11, well, I’m issuing arrest warrants for George Bush, but also for bin Laden.

— arrest warrants had been issued for both Osama bin Laden and George Bush.

Or after, in World War II, well, I’m issuing arrest warrants for FDR, but also for Hitler. It’s a hit job. It’s not serious. He’s out to defame Israel, and he’s also pouring gasoline —

The second criticism from Israelis has been about process. The ICC was created about two decades ago by a treaty. More than 120 countries have signed that treaty, but Israel has not. And Israel contends that the prosecutor doesn’t have the authority, therefore, to go after Israeli political leaders.

Israelis also say that Khan didn’t spend enough time assessing whether Israel was itself investigating these allegations within its own judicial system. Remember that the ICC is a court of last resort. It’s only supposed to intervene when a domestic judicial system is genuinely not making any effort to investigate the alleged crime.

And Israelis are saying that Khan didn’t spend enough time investigating Gallant and Netanyahu. The ICC prosecutors have spent 10 years investigating alleged crimes committed during a previous war between Israel and Hamas, but this decision has been issued within just a few months. And Israelis are saying that Khan jumped the gun in that sense.

So the Israelis are saying, look, we’re trying to get to it, but you just didn’t give us enough time.

Exactly. And they’ve even said that Khan’s team was supposed to be coming this very week to continue that conversation and assess whether Israel was genuinely looking into these allegations by itself. And that they misled Israel by pretending that they would be making that assessment when, in fact, all along they were planning to request arrest warrants.

Interesting. So for Israeli officials, they’re seeing it as a kind of activist thing, as opposed to a neutral judicial decision.

That’s their claim, at least. The prosecutor’s office says that they have tried to sincerely engage with Israel on this issue, but that it’s become clear to them that Israel does not seriously investigate this kind of crime.

So you said, there are three elements to this. What’s the last?

The third and last element is on the content of the claim itself. Israel flatly denies that it is responsible for the humanitarian crisis in Gaza. It even denies that there is a famine or that the situation is on the point of a famine. It points out all the ways in which it has worked to get much more aid into Gaza since October, including opening more crossings, allowing the US to create a pier on the shoreline of Gaza. It’s allowed some countries to airdrop aid. And certainly, the amount of aid that has gone in recent months has dwarfed the amount that was going in October and November.

And while it accepts that its soldiers have obstructed and, at times, even killed aid workers, it says that that obscures the fact that it coordinates every day in detail with aid groups to facilitate thousands of aid missions every month.

Isn’t Israel’s argument that these shipments could also include things that could be very useful for Hamas, the group that just killed 1,200 of its citizens?

Exactly. No one’s disputing, least of all Israel, that Israeli officials are examining all the aid going into Gaza. The dispute is about whether that’s necessary. Israel says it is. It says that if it didn’t check, then some of these aid convoys might be smuggling in weapons or material that could be used to fight Israel, to kill Israeli civilians. And that, therefore, Israel has no choice but to examine some of these goods going in. Again, the counterargument is that Israel’s checks are far more stringent than they need to be and end up preventing the entry of everyday items that pose no military threat.

OK, so that’s the Israeli perspective. How does the United States see the prosecutor’s request here? I mean, the US, obviously, Israel’s biggest ally.

Well, the American president, President Biden, condemned it in no uncertain terms. He said the prosecutor’s decision was outrageous. And he condemned him for drawing an implicit equivalence between Hamas and the leaders of the state of Israel.

And why did Biden come out so strongly against the prosecutor? We know that humanitarian aid has been a major concern for this administration. So why would Biden be so opposed to something that really is calling out Israel for this aid?

First of all, because Israel is a major ally of the United States, and the United States wants to show support for its ally. Second of all, they fear that this kind of criticism, this kind of intervention, will actually make Israel less, rather than more, likely to bring the war to a halt, because the feeling is that it will make Israel more defensive and in turn batten down the hatches.

The third reason is that the United States, historically, has never been a particular fan of the International Criminal Court. We mentioned earlier that Israel did not sign the treaty that created the ICC. Well, the United States did not do that either. And that’s in part because American leaders fear that having an international global court undermines American sovereignty. They think it’s the role of the American judicial system to investigate American citizens.

And there is a fear that with the United States so active militarily in many parts of the world, that membership of the court, involvement in the court could pave the way for American soldiers being tried for acting on behalf of the United States. And that could somehow dent American foreign policy goals across the world.

OK, so the United States doesn’t really like this court, you know, has troops in a lot of places, doesn’t want a court swooping in and prosecuting them when something goes wrong. But I guess the question then, in my mind, Patrick, is does what this prosecutor is doing matter? I mean, America is not a signatory. Israel is not a signatory. So why is this important?

Well, for the time being, its meaning is more symbolic than anything else. First, Karim Khan has not issued an arrest warrant. He has requested an arrest warrant for these five people. And three judges will now spend weeks and possibly months deciding whether to uphold those requests. That process can be less than a month. In the case of Vladimir Putin, it was just shy of a month. President Bashir of Sudan was issued with a warrant. That process took roughly a year.

When and if they do do that, however, there will be practical effects. If an arrest warrant is issued, it means that any country that’s a member of the International Criminal Court, in theory, should arrest any of these individuals if they enter their territory. That includes more than 120 countries all over the world, much of Europe, Latin America, Africa, and so on. Yes, it’s true that the United States and Israel are not signatories, and neither are Turkey or Qatar, two of the countries where Hamas officials spend much of their time when they’re outside Gaza. So there will still be places for officials on either side of these accusations to travel to.

But there are lots of other countries, like France, Italy, both places where Benjamin Netanyahu traveled in the past year, where, in theory, they will not be able to set foot.

So the negotiations over the war can still continue, but if Netanyahu travels to France or to Italy, he could be arrested, which is pretty wild.

Yes, at least that’s the theory. The national authorities in any given country still have to make a choice about whether they want to follow through with it.

But would those countries perhaps not arrest him out of deference to the United States?

I think the expectation is that if we got into this scenario, then someone like Netanyahu simply just wouldn’t travel to such a country. But the truth is, we just don’t really know. We are entering unchartered waters.

So this is really isolating Netanyahu in the world. Should it go forward?

Yes, isolating Netanyahu and to some extent Israel itself. And it has not just practical implications for the physical movement of Netanyahu and his defense minister, Gallant, but it also compounds Israel’s relationship with foreign allies. It complicates Israel’s ability to arm itself. More countries may grow more unwilling to sell Israel arms, or at least they’ll face growing pressure because of this decision not to do so.

And it also could force the country to become ever more reliant on the United States as it becomes more of a pariah over its actions in Gaza.

Which, of course, puts the United States in an even trickier position with an ally who’s been pretty hard to be friends with of late.

Right. And in truth, while the practical consequences of this move are still unknown, they do, in general, compound the sense that Israel is facing more and more diplomatic consequences for its actions. More than a decade ago, a former Israeli prime minister warned that Israel would face what he called a diplomatic tsunami if its conflict with the Palestinians went unresolved.

And it’s possible that years later we’re starting to finally see what he meant. Israel does still have its supporters, many of them, but we’re also now seeing during this war a level of criticism that goes above and beyond the kind that we’ve grown used to seeing directed at Israel over the years.

In addition to the warrant requests we’ve seen this week, we’ve obviously had an extraordinary wave of protests on American campuses and elsewhere in the world. And earlier this year, we had a watershed moment when the International Court of Justice began hearing accusations of genocide against Israel. And this week, several European countries recognized Palestine as a state.

So if the tsunami hasn’t yet arrived, we can at least say that the waves are getting stronger.

Patrick, thank you.

Thank you. [MUSIC PLAYING]

On Wednesday, the leaders of Spain, Norway, and Ireland announced that they would recognize an independent Palestinian state. The move was largely symbolic, but raised the concern that if neighboring countries followed their lead, Europe could become a counterweight to the American position that statehood for Palestinians should come only from a negotiated settlement with Israel.

Here’s what else you should know today. Nikki Haley, the former United Nations ambassador who dropped her Republican presidential bid in March, said on Wednesday that she would vote for Donald Trump but stopped short of officially endorsing him. Haley was Trump’s longest standing rival in the 2024 primary contest and had carved out an important lane for herself as the voice for voters looking for an alternative to the former president. Her decision on whether to endorse him could play a pivotal role in the race. Haley has built a formidable network of high-dollar donors and a solid base of college-educated voters that Trump needs to win.

And the city of Uvalde, Texas, has reached a settlement with most of the families of children who were shot by a gunman at Robb Elementary School in 2022. To avert a lawsuit, the city promised to overhaul the city’s police force, create a permanent memorial to the victims, and pay $2 million.

Today’s episode was produced by Will Reid and Diana Nguyen with help from Shannon Lin. It was edited by Liz O. Baylen with help from Michael Benoist, contains original music by Elisheba Ittoop, Marion Lozano, and Pat McCusker, and was engineered by Alyssa Moxley. Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly.

That’s it for “The Daily.” I’m Sabrina Tavernise. See you tomorrow.

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• May 23, 2024   •   34:24 I.C.C. Prosecutor Requests Warrants for Israeli and Hamas Leaders
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Hosted by Sabrina Tavernise

Featuring Patrick Kingsley

Produced by Will Reid ,  Diana Nguyen and Shannon M. Lin

Edited by Liz O. Baylen and Michael Benoist

Original music by Elisheba Ittoop

Engineered by Chris Wood

Listen and follow The Daily Apple Podcasts | Spotify | Amazon Music | YouTube

This week, Karim Khan, the top prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, requested arrest warrants for Israel’s prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, and the country’s defense minister, Yoav Gallant.

Patrick Kingsley, the Times’s bureau chief in Jerusalem, explains why this may set up a possible showdown between the court and Israel with its biggest ally, the United States.

On today’s episode

Patrick Kingsley , the Jerusalem bureau chief for The New York Times.

Background reading

Why did a prosecutor go public with the arrest warrant requests ?

The warrant request appeared to shore up domestic support for Mr. Netanyahu.

There are a lot of ways to listen to The Daily. Here’s how.

We aim to make transcripts available the next workday after an episode’s publication. You can find them at the top of the page.

The Daily is made by Rachel Quester, Lynsea Garrison, Clare Toeniskoetter, Paige Cowett, Michael Simon Johnson, Brad Fisher, Chris Wood, Jessica Cheung, Stella Tan, Alexandra Leigh Young, Lisa Chow, Eric Krupke, Marc Georges, Luke Vander Ploeg, M.J. Davis Lin, Dan Powell, Sydney Harper, Mike Benoist, Liz O. Baylen, Asthaa Chaturvedi, Rachelle Bonja, Diana Nguyen, Marion Lozano, Corey Schreppel, Rob Szypko, Elisheba Ittoop, Mooj Zadie, Patricia Willens, Rowan Niemisto, Jody Becker, Rikki Novetsky, John Ketchum, Nina Feldman, Will Reid, Carlos Prieto, Ben Calhoun, Susan Lee, Lexie Diao, Mary Wilson, Alex Stern, Dan Farrell, Sophia Lanman, Shannon Lin, Diane Wong, Devon Taylor, Alyssa Moxley, Summer Thomad, Olivia Natt, Daniel Ramirez and Brendan Klinkenberg.

Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly. Special thanks to Sam Dolnick, Paula Szuchman, Lisa Tobin, Larissa Anderson, Julia Simon, Sofia Milan, Mahima Chablani, Elizabeth Davis-Moorer, Jeffrey Miranda, Renan Borelli, Maddy Masiello, Isabella Anderson and Nina Lassam.

Patrick Kingsley is The Times’s Jerusalem bureau chief, leading coverage of Israel, Gaza and the West Bank. More about Patrick Kingsley

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• Dividend: This is the number being divided in the problem. In the long division layout, the dividend is written inside the long division bracket (often called the “house”).
• Divisor: The number dividing the dividend is called the divisor . The divisor is placed outside the long division bracket.
• Quotient: The quotient is the answer or the result of the division problem. This is written above the bracket, aligned with the digits of the dividend being divided.
• Remainder: If the division isn’t exact, there’s an amount left over called the remainder . The remainder is written as “R” followed by the remaining value after the division process.

Setting up a long division problem correctly is an essential skill for kids to learn. Here’s how to structure it visually:

• Write the Dividend Inside: Start by placing the dividend (the number being divided) inside the long division bracket, often called the “house.” This makes it clear that this number is the one being split into smaller groups.
• Place the Divisor Outside: Write the divisor (the number doing the dividing) outside, to the left of the bracket. This shows which number will be used repeatedly to divide the dividend into smaller groups.
• Draw Lines for the Quotient: The space above the bracket is where the quotient (the result of the division) will be written. Each digit of the quotient will align above the digit or digits of the dividend that are being divided.

1: Set Up the Problem

Write 1564 under the division bar and 27 outside the division bar.

• Look at the first two digits of the dividend (15). Since 15 is less than 27, we need to include the next digit, making it 156.
• Now, determine how many times 27 can fit into 156. 27 goes into 156 a total of 5 times because 27 multiplied by 6 (the next higher number) would exceed 156.

3. Multiply

• Multiply the quotient digit found (5) by the divisor (27), which equals 135.
• Write 135 under 156.

4. Subtract

• Subtract 135 from 156, which equals 21.
• Write 21 below 135.

5. Bring Down

Bring down the next digit of the dividend (the 4 in 1564), making the new number 214.

6. Repeat the Process

• Determine how many times 27 can fit into 214. It fits 7 times (since 27 multiplied by 8 exceeds 214).
• Multiply 27 by 7 (the next quotient digit) to get 189.
• Write 189 under 214, and subtract to find the difference: 214 – 189 = 25.

7. Remainder

• Since there are no more digits to bring down, 25 is the remainder.
• The complete quotient is 57 with a remainder of 25.

After understanding the layout, kids can apply what they’ve learned by playing these games in, each focusing on different levels of difficulty: 

• Dividing 2-Digit Numbers by 1-Digit

• Dividing 3-Digit Numbers by 1-Digit

• Dividing 4-Digit Numbers by 1-Digit

• Divide 4-Digit By 2-Digit Numbers

To build a strong foundation in long division, it’s crucial for children to practice problems where they bring down each digit consecutively without the complication of zeros . This helps them focus on mastering the basic steps of division:

Sequential Bringing Down: Start with simpler numbers where each digit in the dividend needs to be brought down one at a time. This practice solidifies their understanding of the division process step by step.

Example Problems:

• 21 ÷ 3: Begin by dividing the first digit. Since 2 divided by 3 doesn’t work, we use 21. 21 divided by 3 equals 7, so 7 is written above the division bar.
• 154 ÷ 7: Start with the first digit. 1 divided by 7 is not possible, so consider the first two digits, 15. 15 divided by 7 equals 2. Write 2 above the division bar, multiply 2 by 7 (which is 14), subtract 14 from 15 to get 1, then bring down the next digit to make it 14. Continue this way.

Handling zeros can be tricky, but it’s one of the key ways to teach long division. Here’s how to approach problems involving zeros:

Example: 120 ÷ 4

• Divide: Start by dividing the first non-zero digit. Since 1 is smaller than 4, look at the first two digits, 12. Divide 12 by 4 to get 3.
• Write the Quotient: Write 3 above the long division bracket.
• Multiply and Subtract: Multiply 3 by 4 (giving 12) and subtract this from 12, leaving 0.
• Bring Down Zeros: Bring down the next digit, which is 0, making it 0. Divide this 0 by 4 to get 0. Write 0 next to the 3 in the quotient.
• Multiply and Subtract: Multiply 0 by 4 to get 0 and subtract, leaving no remainder.

In some cases, division doesn’t result in an even quotient. This means there’s an amount leftover, called a remainder. Here’s how to handle it:

Example: 29 ÷ 4

• Divide: Start by dividing the first digit, 2, by 4. Since 2 is smaller than 4, consider the first two digits, 29.
• Find the Quotient: Divide 29 by 4 to get 7. Write 7 above the long division bracket.
• Multiply and Subtract: Multiply 7 by 4, which gives 28. Subtract 28 from 29, leaving 1.
• Write the Remainder: Since there’s nothing left to bring down, write “R1” (remainder of 1) next to the 7.

Knowing how to recognize and handle remainders is one of the essential long division tricks that help kids understand why not all division problems divide evenly. 

5 Fun Ways to Teach Long Division

Practicing long division is crucial for reinforcing the steps and strategies. Here are five effective ways to help kids master this skill:

• Online Long Division Games 

Use interactive online games that challenge students to solve division problems step-by-step. These games make learning fun while providing instant feedback to help them understand mistakes.

• Long Division Worksheets

Provide worksheets that start with simpler problems and progressively increase in complexity. Use colorful designs and real-world scenarios to keep kids engaged.

Create or find flashcards that present division problems on one side and answers on the other. This simple tool is a quick way to reinforce division facts and promote speedy calculations.

• Real-Life Problems

Apply division concepts to real-world situations, like dividing treats among friends or organizing items into equal groups. This practical approach makes long division relatable.

• Group Activities

Collaborative exercises where kids work together to solve division problems encourage discussion and peer learning. This can help clarify challenging steps and foster teamwork.

Learning long division can be challenging, but kids can grasp the concept effectively with clear steps, consistent practice, and engaging resources like games and worksheets. With these strategies on how to teach long division, children will build confidence and become proficient problem-solvers at their own pace.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is an easy way to learn division.

An easy way to learn division is by starting with simple problems and using visual aids like counters or drawings to illustrate the process. Gradually move to more complex problems as confidence builds.

What are some tips for teaching long division to struggling students?

Break down the steps into smaller, manageable parts, and offer lots of practice with engaging resources like games and worksheets. Provide positive reinforcement to encourage their progress and address specific challenges with patience.

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