phd biotechnology how many years

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Best Doctorates in Biotechnology: Top PhD Programs, Career Paths, and Salaries

Biotechnology companies are among the most profitable businesses in the modern era, contributing to the development of several widely used products. The best PhDs in Biotechnology allow graduate students to take part in this global biotech revolution.

Biotechnology is a very in-demand field. However, several people doubt whether a doctorate in this broad field is the best choice. This article clearly explains everything you need to know about a Biotechnology PhD. It also shares important information on the best biotechnology jobs and the average PhD in Biotechnology salary.

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What is a phd in biotechnology.

A PhD in Biotechnology is an advanced degree that helps students further understand how to take advantage of biological processes to create products for various industries. Biotechnology PhD degrees are usually research-intensive and include a lot of lab work.

How to Get Into a Biotechnology PhD Program: Admission Requirements

The requirements to get into a biotechnology PhD program are dependent on the specific institution you are applying to. However, most universities have similar admission requirements for their biotechnology doctorate degree programs.

Usually, before you are accepted into a biotechnology PhD program, you must have at least a Bachelor’s Degree in Biology, Chemistry, or any related life science major. In addition, you will be required to submit your transcripts, personal statement, letters of recommendation, and resume. Finally, if you are an international student, you will need to take an English proficiency test.

PhD in Biotechnology Admission Requirements

• Official transcripts
• Letters of recommendation
• Personal statement
• Proof of English proficiency (for international students)

Biotechnology PhD Acceptance Rates: How Hard Is It to Get Into a PhD Program in Biotechnology?

It is very hard to get into a PhD program in Biotechnology. Biotechnology is a competitive field and most schools only accept a handful of students who apply to these in-demand PhD programs. For example, in the 2020-2021 session, Stanford University only accepted 4.6 percent of the total number of applicants into its Bioengineering PhD program.

How to Get Into the Best Universities

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Best PhDs in Biotechnology: In Brief

Best universities for biotechnology phds: where to get a phd in biotechnology.

The best universities in biotechnology are well-equipped with modern equipment. They also have experienced faculty members to guide you through your academic journey. If you are wondering where to get a PhD in Biotechnology, check out the top schools listed below.

Arizona State University , founded in 1885, is one of the best-rated universities in the United States for PhD programs. This public university currently has 139 doctoral programs available in various areas such as life sciences, arts, and business.

PhD in Molecular/Cellular Biology

Arizona State University's PhD in Molecular/Cellular Biology program is an 84-credit degree that teaches students how to understand biological activity from a cellular level. This program also covers topics in genetics and provides several electives for students to choose from, including a course on bionanotechnology.

PhD in Molecular/Cellular Biology Overview

• Program Length: 4 - 5 years
• Acceptance Rate: N/A
• Tuition and Fees: $837/credit hour (in state); $1,308/credit hour (out of state)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Research fellowships, teaching assistantships

PhD in Molecular/Cellular Biology Admission Requirements

• Bachelor’s or Master’s Degree in Biochemistry, Biological Sciences, or related field
• Completed online application
• Undergraduate applicants must have a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.0 on a 4-point scale in the last 60 hours of their degree program
• Graduate applicants must have a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.0 on a 4-point scale
• Transcripts
• Three letters of recommendation
• Proof of English language proficiency
• Non-refundable $70 application fee; $115 for international students

Brown University is a research-focused university that trains students to create innovative solutions to complex global problems. It was founded in 1764 and offers 51 PhD programs in fields such as art and history, life science, and social science disciplines. 

PhD in Biotechnology

The PhD in Biotechnology is offered by the Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Pharmacology at Brown University. This degree is a 24-tuition unit course and covers several concepts applied in industry jobs such as drug delivery and diagnostics. Graduates of this program will be able to work in diverse roles in the biomedical industry and academia. 

PhD in Biotechnology Overview

• Program Length: 3 years
• Acceptance Rate: 10.5%
• Tuition and Fees: $7,835/course per year
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Teaching assistantship, research assistantship, fellowship, proctorship
• Bachelor's Degree in Biology, Physics, Biochemistry, Engineering, or Chemistry
• Online application form
• $75 application fee 
• Proof of English proficiency (international non-native English-speaking applicants)

Founded in 1636, Harvard University is one of the oldest and most reputable learning colleges in the US. This private university has 14 schools and provides graduate education in several topics, including bioinformatics, applied physics, and architecture. 

PhD in Molecular and Cellular Biology

Students enrolled in Harvard University's Molecular and Cellular Biology course will attend lectures spanning various biomedical science topics such as biochemistry, genetics, cellular biology, and microbiology. Upon graduation from this doctorate program, you will also be equipped with practical skills to enable you to work in diverse roles.

PhD in Molecular and Cellular Biology Overview

• Program Length: 5 years
• Tuition and Fees: $50,928 for first 2 years
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Grants, stipends, teaching fellowships, research assistantships

PhD in Molecular and Cellular Biology Admission Requirements

• Prior educational knowledge of chemistry, physics, biology, and mathematics
• Graduate School of Arts and Sciences online application form
• $105 application fee
• Statement of purpose with a maximum length of 1000 words
• Three letters of recommendation with at least one from a faculty member at previous university
• TOEFL Internet-based test score of 80 or more for international students

Pennsylvania State University was established in 1855. It is a public university with over 20 campuses located in different areas of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania State University delivers top-notch graduate programs in biomedical engineering and other life science-based disciplines. It also provides courses in the arts and social sciences. 

PhD in Biomedical Engineering

This 29-credit doctorate degree program helps to prepare students to work in research institutions, academia, and industry roles. Students enrolled in the PhD in Biomedical Engineering program will study topics like bioimaging, drug delivery, and computational techniques for understanding biological systems. 

PhD in Biomedical Engineering Overview

• Tuition and Fees: $11,541/semester (in state); $19,624/semester (out of state)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Graduate assistantships, fellowships

PhD in Biomedical Engineering Admission Requirements

• Bachelor's Degree in Engineering, Physics, or any life science discipline
• Online application form via Pennsylvania State University's graduate school online application portal
• $65 application fee
• Score of at least 80 (TOEFL) or 6.5 (IELTS) for international students as proof of English proficiency
• Statement of purpose
• Resume (optional)

Stanford University was established in 1885 and has consistently ranked among the top colleges in the US for graduate students. Stanford University provides PhD programs in cancer biology, biochemistry, genetics, and several in-demand medical science fields. It also delivers top-quality education in engineering, business, and law-based topics. 

PhD in Bioengineering

This five to six-year doctorate program is designed to provide students with a well-rounded educational experience in bioengineering. Participants will be allowed to rotate between three labs in their first year before deciding on their dissertation advisor. This program also includes in-demand courses such as systems biology and computational protein modeling.

PhD in Bioengineering Overview

• Program Length: 5 - 6 years
• Acceptance Rate: 4.6%
• Tuition and Fees: $11,770/quarter consisting of 8 - 10 units
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Fellowships, research assistantships, teaching assistantships, graduate student loans

PhD in Bioengineering Admission Requirements

• Bachelor's degree from a related field
• Scanned copy of academic transcripts via the application portal
• Two-three page statement of purpose
• TOEFL scores (international applicants from non-native English speaking countries)
• Non-refundable $125 application fee

Syracuse University is a multidisciplinary private school founded in 1870. This university has 13 colleges and schools, including Visual and Performing Arts, Architecture, Engineering, and Computer Science, which offer reputable graduate programs.  

The PhD in Bioengineering is a rigorous 42-credit hour program that usually takes about five years to complete. Students enrolled in this doctorate degree program will be allowed to choose from one of 10 currently available research areas, including molecular biotechnology, catalysis and reaction engineering, and metabolic engineering. 

• Tuition and Fees: $32,436/academic year 
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Fellowship, research assistantships, graduate assistantships, scholarships
• Online application form on Syracuse University's graduate application portal
• 500-word personal statement
• Proof of English language proficiency (for international applicants)
• Financial documents, including proof of financial support (international students)
• $75 application fee

Tufts University was established in 1852 to solve complex global problems through research. This private college has over 370,699 square feet of lab space spread across its four campuses. It offers graduate programs covering public policy, public health, business, and technology.

PhD in Biotechnology Engineering

Tufts University's PhD in Biotechnology Engineering program is provided by the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering. This doctorate program is structured to allow individuals from different academic backgrounds to participate. It includes courses on protein purification, microbe cultivation, and cellular engineering. 

PhD in Biotechnology Engineering Overview

• Program Length: 4 years
• Tuition and Fees: Covered by tuition scholarship
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Teaching assistantships, research assistantships

PhD in Biotechnology Engineering Admission Requirements

• Bachelor's degree in Biology, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, or Chemical Engineering
• Online application
• Non-refundable $85 application fee
• Minimum TOEFL score of 90, an IELTS score of 6.5, or a Duolingo score of 110 (international applicants from non-native English speaking countries)

University of California, Berkeley has 14 schools and colleges and offers over 100 graduate programs for prospective students. Since its inception in 1868, the University of California has become a leading destination for graduate students due to its hands-on approach to learning and research. 

PhD in Molecular and Cell Biology

The University of California, Berkeley's PhD in Molecular and Cellular Biology provides a deep dive into the structure and function of cells. It covers several essential aspects of medical and life sciences, including structural biology, genetics, computational biology, and immunology.

PhD in Molecular and Cell Biology Overview

• Program Length: 3 - 5 years
• Tuition and Fees: $5,721/semester
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Fellowships, stipend

PhD in Molecular and Cell Biology Admission Requirements

• Completed at least one year of chemistry, calculus, physics, and general biology in your undergraduate program
• Completed advanced coursework in microbiology, cell biology, biochemistry, or other similar subjects
• Graduated with a minimum GPA of 3.0 on a 4-point scale
• Laboratory research experience
• Submit TOEFL scores of 570+ (written test), 233 (computer-based test), or 90 (Internet-based test) for international applicants
• Unofficial transcripts
• GRE scores (optional)

The University of Pennsylvania , founded in 1740, delivers many top-rated graduate degree programs via its 12 graduate and professional schools. The University of Pennsylvania is one of the most popular public schools for graduate students, with over 16,000 students currently pursuing post-graduate education on its campus. 

The Penn Bioengineering PhD was the first-ever doctorate bioengineering program in the US. This graduate degree program has a comprehensive curriculum to equip students with the technical skills to land the best jobs at biotech companies . 

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• Acceptance Rate: 15%
• Tuition and Fees: $39,838/year
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Fellowships, grants
• Online graduate application form
• Bachelor's degree in Engineering or a physical science, natural science, or math major
• Submit TOEFL scores of 600+ (written test), 250 (computer-based test), or 100 (Internet-based test) for international applicants

Founded in 1969, the University of Texas, San Antonio has been recognized by Times Higher Education as one of the best young universities in the US . This public college has seven colleges and offers several highly-rated graduate degree programs.

PhD in Cell and Molecular Biology

Cellular and molecular medicine is one of the top new trends in pharmacological sciences for the future . This graduate degree program helps prepare students to play a significant role in this burgeoning industry. The PhD in Cell and Molecular Biology program also offers specialized tracks in Stem Cell, Molecular Microbiology, and Immunology.

PhD in Cell and Molecular Biology Overview

• Tuition and Fees: $247.53/credit-hour (in state); $428.63/credit-hour (out of state)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Fully funded through internal grants

PhD in Cell and Molecular Biology Admission Requirements

• Bachelor's degree in Biology or any similar field
• Non-refundable $50 application fee; $90 international applicants
• Students from non-native English speaking countries must score a minimum of 6.5 on the IELTS test, 79 on the internet-based TOEFL test, or 60 on the paper-based TOEFL test
• International applicants must submit English proficiency scores of 6.5 (IELTS), 79 (Internet-based TOEFL) test, 60 (paper-based TOEFL)

Can You Get a PhD in Biotechnology Online?

No, you cannot get a PhD in Biotechnology online. Biotechnology PhDs usually involve hours of lab work and other technical aspects that can only be taught via an on-campus program. At the moment, if you are considering getting a biotechnology doctorate degree, you can only do so via an in-person program.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in Biotechnology?

It takes three to five years to get a PhD in Biotechnology. Before you are considered eligible for a biotechnology PhD degree, you must have completed at least two years of coursework in various core topics. You will also need to carry out original research and present your findings in a dissertation.

Is a PhD in Biotechnology Hard?

Yes, earning a PhD in Biotechnology is hard. Biotechnology PhD students are required to carry out a lot of research and spend hours on lab work. However, you can earn your degree in the stipulated amount of time with commitment and effort.

How Much Does It Cost to Get a PhD in Biotechnology?

It costs $19,314 per year to get a PhD in Biotechnology , according to the most recent data released by the National Center for Education Statistics. However, your tuition costs can vary depending on the reputation of the school and the nature of your program.

For example, a PhD in Biotechnology costs about $25,929 per year for private institutions. Public universities, however, are much cheaper. The average yearly tuition cost for a PhD program at a public university in the US is $12,171.

How to Pay for a PhD in Biotechnology: PhD Funding Options

The PhD funding options that students can use to pay for a biotechnology doctorate program include teaching assistantships, research assistantships, and fellowships. Most universities provide incoming biotechnology PhD students with one or more of these options to reduce the cost of their tuition.

Best Online Master’s Degrees

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What Is the Difference Between a Biotechnology Master’s Degree and PhD?

The difference between a biotechnology master’s degree and a PhD is that a PhD program usually involves more intensive research and takes at least three years to complete. PhD degrees are typically pursued by individuals with a strong desire to contribute to existing knowledge in the biotechnology space. Master’s programs typically take two years to complete.

Master’s degree students spend a year or two on coursework and finish their program with a capstone project or thesis. Biotechnology PhD students spend at least two years on coursework and possibly longer on research before working on and submitting their dissertations.

Master’s vs PhD in Biotechnology Job Outlook

For job roles such as food scientist that are available to master’s degree graduates, the job outlook is 9 percent between 2020 and 2030, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In comparison, biotechnology PhD jobs such as medical scientist roles are expected to grow by 17 percent in this same period.

Difference in Salary for Biotechnology Master’s vs PhD

According to PayScale, the average salary for professionals with a PhD in Biotechnology is $112,000 annually. However, in comparison, the average salary for master’s degree holders is $75,000 per year.

Graduates with a PhD degree have more experience and can command a higher salary and function in senior industry roles. Although a master’s degree is excellent for improving your career options, a PhD is better for landing the highest-paying job roles.

Related Biotechnology Degrees

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Why You Should Get a PhD in Biotechnology

You should get a PhD in Biotechnology because it can help you achieve your maximum potential in academia and propel the field further through your research. Biotechnology is a competitive field which means obtaining a PhD allows you to distinguish yourself from other candidates and increase your career options within the field of biotechnology.

Reasons for Getting a PhD in Biotechnology

• Higher salaries. A PhD in Biotechnology will help you gather rare and specialized skills which usually translates to higher-paying jobs. You will become qualified for many senior industry positions and significantly increase your earning potential by obtaining an advanced degree.
• Research opportunities. PhDs are research-focused degrees. So, if you are passionate about contributing to pre-existing scientific knowledge in the biological science space, a PhD in Biotechnology is an excellent way to add to your quota.
• Networking opportunities. A PhD program is an easy way to connect with other specialists in biotechnology and build potentially beneficial academic or business relationships. You will also be meeting faculty members who have years of experience and can provide you with mentorship.
• Boost your reputation. Getting a PhD is very useful for individuals seeking to establish themselves as an authority within the biotechnology space. PhD programs provide you with the necessary knowledge and research experience to become a leading voice in your industry.

Getting a PhD in Biotechnology: Biotechnology PhD Coursework

Getting a PhD in Biotechnology demands that you complete your course requirements as specified by your academic institution. The majority of PhD programs in biotechnology cover similar courses. Biotechnology PhD coursework usually spans cell biology, chemical engineering, and other scientific areas listed below.

Molecular Biology

In this course, PhD students in biotechnology will examine the mechanisms of biological activity from a molecular perspective. Graduate students taking a molecular biology course will be taught the structure and function of biological molecules. They will also learn the underlying scientific principles behind molecular interactions.

Introduction to Proteomics

Most advanced degree programs in biotechnology usually include an in-depth study of protein structure and function. Proteins are an essential component of cells and a pillar of several biological processes. Introduction to Proteomics teaches students about protein-protein interactions and relevant techniques for modifying proteins.

Bioengineering Fundamentals

Biological engineering is one of the most essential subjects for students pursuing an advanced degree in biotechnology. As a PhD candidate enrolled in a biotechnology program, you will learn scientific techniques for creating valuable products from biological systems. This course is helpful, especially for individuals seeking the best tech jobs at pharmaceutical tech companies .

Cell and Microbial Cultivation

Biotechnology specialists routinely carry out experiments with microbes. A cell and microbial cultivation course teaches students modern and relevant principles for culturing microorganisms in biotechnology labs. The technical skills obtained in this course will enable students to land a job with any of the leading biotechnology companies.

Introduction to Genomics

Genomics is a field of study in biological sciences that examines gene structure, function, and expression. In this course, students will be taught about concepts such as gene mapping, editing, and mutations. This course aims to provide students with the needed academic background to improve the quality of life in society through scientific interventions.

Best Master’s Degrees

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How to Get a PhD in Biotechnology: Doctoral Program Requirements

Unlike a Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology degree, doctoral program requirements are slightly more stringent. If you are interested in getting a PhD in Biotechnology, the requirements are outlined below.

Regardless of your university, each PhD program in biotechnology has a specified number of credit hours that graduate students must complete to be deemed qualified to receive a PhD certificate in biotechnology. 

For most biotechnology PhD programs, you will be required to maintain a minimum passing grade of B, which is equivalent to a 3.0 GPA on a 4-point scale. Each school usually states its GPA requirements on its program page or catalog.

Seminars allow graduate students to demonstrate their knowledge of specific biotechnology topics. Attendance and participation in seminars organized by your university's biotechnology department is a vital requirement for obtaining a PhD in Biotechnology.

After carrying out a research project and gathering your findings, you will need to present your work to your faculty and other department members. A strong performance in your oral defense is mandatory for you to be eligible to receive your doctoral degree.

A thesis is one of the most essential requirements for students carrying out their doctoral studies in biotechnology. Your thesis is a write-up containing your findings from an original research project. For the duration of your thesis, you will be working closely with a supervisor who will provide guidance and instruction for your research efforts.  

Potential Careers With a Biotechnology Degree

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PhD in Biotechnology Salary and Job Outlook

Biotechnology is an interdisciplinary field whose relevance cuts across several sectors. As a result, biotechnology jobs will continue to be in high demand. For example, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the job outlook for principal medical scientists is expected to increase by 17 percent through to 2030.

What Can You Do With a PhD in Biotechnology?

With a PhD in Biotechnology, you can work in academia, research institutes, and biopharmaceutical companies. There are several high-paying career options for biotechnology PhD graduates. Some of these jobs are listed below.

Best Jobs with a PhD in Biotechnology

• Industrial production manager
• Senior biochemical engineer
• Principal medical scientist
• Biotechnology lecturer

What Is the Average Salary for a PhD in Biotechnology?

The average salary for a PhD in Biotechnology is $112,000 per year, according to PayScale. Obtaining a PhD in Biotechnology also significantly increases your earning potential. Compared to bachelor’s and master’s degree graduates, PhD holders earn considerably higher salaries and are eligible to work in the most challenging biotechnology roles.

Highest-Paying Biotechnology Jobs for PhD Grads

Best biotechnology jobs with a doctorate.

The best biotechnology jobs with a doctorate enable graduates to make notable contributions to fields such as healthcare, agriculture, and education. They also provide attractive salaries and require the application of biotechnology principles to solve complex problems.

Biochemists can typically be found in universities, research firms, or pharmaceutical companies. They must study biological processes and apply bioengineering principles to produce beneficial products. Most biochemists work as part of a team in a laboratory environment.

• Salary with a Biotechnology PhD: $102,270
• Job Outlook: 5% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 34,800
• Highest-Paying States: Massachusetts, Virginia, Colorado, New Jersey, Oregon

Senior biomedical engineers work with scientists and other healthcare professionals in the clinical setting. Their responsibility is to carry out comprehensive biological systems research and create medical inventions based on their studies. They also gather data and write technical reports.

• Salary with a Biotechnology PhD: $97,410
• Job Outlook: 6% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 19,300
• Highest-Paying States: New Mexico, Arizona, Minnesota, Connecticut, Massachusetts  

A principal medical scientist conducts thorough studies on various biological phenomena. As a principal medical scientist, you will be required to design your research methods, gather data, and propose a hypothesis. 

• Salary with a Biotechnology PhD: $95,310
• Job Outlook: 17% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 133,900
• Highest-Paying States: Connecticut, Maine, Delaware, New Jersey, Tennessee  

Biotechnology lecturers can be found in universities. They work as part of their academic institution's biotechnology department to carry out research and train students in modern biotechnology applications. 

• Salary with a Biotechnology PhD: $79,640
• Job Outlook: 12% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 47,690
• Highest-Paying States: Arkansas, California, New Hampshire, California, New York

Food scientists are research-oriented professionals. They use their knowledge of biology and chemistry to improve the quality of food products and devise safe and effective food processing methods. As a food scientist, you will be working predominantly in the laboratory as part of a research team.

• Salary with a Biotechnology PhD: $74,160
• Job Outlook: 9% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 37,400
• Highest-Paying States: Colorado, Kansas, Connecticut, Ohio, Minnesota  

Is a PhD in Biotechnology Worth It?

Yes, a PhD in Biotechnology is worth it. Biotechnology is a vast field with several highly profitable industry jobs. Therefore, individuals with expert knowledge of biological processes and how to create valuable products using bioengineering techniques are in high demand.

With a PhD in Biotechnology, you can work in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural, food processing, and medical diagnostic companies. Although graduates with a bachelor’s or master’s degree can still get a very high-paying job within these fields, a PhD will increase your pool of choices and enable you to land senior roles which attract the best salaries.

Additional Reading About Biotechnology

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PhD in Biotechnology FAQ

The academic background needed for a biotechnology PhD includes a Bachelor’s or Master’s Degree in Biology, Chemistry, Microbiology, or any other life science discipline. Individuals with art or social science backgrounds will not be eligible for admission into a biotechnology PhD program.

Yes, a biotechnology graduate can work in the agricultural sector. Several companies that manufacture agricultural products have research teams that investigate potential methods to improve the quality of their produce. PhD holders in biotechnology can easily find jobs in any of these organizations.

Yes, biotechnology is a very interesting field. If you are intrigued by biology or chemistry and want to know how you can translate your knowledge of life science concepts into innovative solutions to complex problems, then you will enjoy participating in a biotechnology doctorate program.

Yes, there are many good jobs for biotechnology PhD graduates. Biotechnology offers an abundance of career opportunities in academia and the biotechnology industry. Through a PhD program, you can acquire rare and in-demand skills, which will help you land a fantastic job.

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Ph.D. Program

The training for a Ph.D. in Biology is focused on helping students achieve their goals of being a successful research scientist and teacher, at the highest level. Students work closely with an established advisor and meet regularly with a committee of faculty members to facilitate their progress. The Biology Ph.D. program is part of the larger Biosciences community at Stanford, which includes doctorate programs in the basic science departments at Stanford Medical School. 

There are two tracks within the Biology Ph.D. program:

• Cell, Molecular and Organismal Biology
• Ecology and Evolution

(Previously a part of the Department of Biology Hopkins Marine Station is now a part of the Oceans Department within  Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability )

All  tracks are focused on excellence in research and teaching in their respective areas; where there are differences between the tracks, they are indicated in the links below. 

Requirements & Forms

Dissertation defense, cellular and molecular biology training program, stanford biology ph.d. preview program, career development resources.

• Doing a PhD in Biotechnology

The general aim of a PhD in Biotechnology is to train top-level researchers in various areas of Biotechnology with a solid theoretical and methodological background, with a balance between basic and applied research that will enable them to tackle innovation problems in a multidisciplinary manner, with special emphasis on the bases and applications of biotechnology, so that graduates can work in industrial sectors, biotechnology companies, service companies, in the area of health, in public or private research centres, or as academics in universities.

What does a PhD in Biotech Involve?

The aim of a university PhD programme in Biotechnology is to prepare you to start and complete theoretical, methodological and research training in the multidisciplinary field of biotechnology, which takes the form of the preparation and defence of an innovative doctoral thesis.

Examples of topics you could investigate as part of your PhD research project include:

• Biomedicine: a field of study that focuses on understanding the cellular and molecular biology processes and their applications. It focuses on finding cures for diseases such as Alzheimer’s, cancer, etc.
• Plant biotechnology : area of study oriented towards fundamental and applied research in plant physiology and cell biology, functional genomics and plant-pathogen interaction.
• Bioinformatics: related to programming and data analysis in health issues and nanotechnology and computational modelling of biological systems. Research in nanoparticle biogenesis, microscopy, bioprocess engineering, systems biology and molecular modelling.
• Aquaculture biotechnology: a combination of science and practical skill in fish farming. The primary objective is to generate knowledge that can increase the productivity of aquaculture.
• Microbial biotechnology: focuses on both fundamental and applied research into the functioning of biological systems such as bacteria, viruses and yeasts for the generation of value-added products such as nanoparticles, proteins, biopolymers and probiotics.

A doctorate training programme in biotechnology aims to train PhD students to:

• Independently, with capacities, knowledge and skills to identify opportunities, develop and direct relevant research projects to develop biotechnological.
• Recognised for their ability to create knowledge and provide technological solutions in biotechnology for research centres, productive, educational and social sectors.
• Capable of linking up with the private sector so that the research is translated into improved technologies, processes and products that drive a country’s development.
• Ability to create, disseminate and ethically impart knowledge with a strong sense of responsibility and social duty.

Browse PhDs in Biotechnology

A next-generation genetic technology to identify biotechnologically-valuable enzymes and transporters, ubiquitin-dependent signalling pathways in ageing, exploring the impact of microplastic-bacterial complexes on animal health and the gut microbiome, energy dissipation in human soft tissue during impacts, micro-manufacturing of surface textures for enhanced electrosurgery, how long does it take to get a phd in biotechnology.

A Biotechnology PhD in the UK commonly takes between three and four years to complete if studying full-time, including a year for writing up your thesis , and between five and seven years if studying part-time or as distance learning.

What are the typical application requirements for a Biotech PhD?

The entry profile of a PhD candidate for a Biotechnology degree is a prospective student with an undergraduate degree, typically a 2:1 Master’s degree, in a field related to Biotechnology, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Food Science and Technology, Veterinary Medicine, Chemistry and Engineering. A background in biology is particularly favourable.

In addition to this, candidates will be expected to have:

• Excellent academic background and have a vocation for a graduate research area in one of the fields of knowledge promoted by the doctoral programme.
• Good written and oral communication skills in English.
• If you’re an international student, you must meet the university’s minimum English language requirement. This will typically be through an IELTS (Academic) or TOEFL examination.

How much does a PhD in Biotechnology cost?

Annual fees will depend on whether you’re a home or international student and the specific university you study within. However, annual tuition fees typically range between £4,407 – £15,607 for full-time study, and £2,203 – £7,803 for part-time study.

Career in Biotechnology for PhD Holders

Not everyone knows there are many career options available with an advanced degree in biotechnology , especially at a doctorate level. As such, biotechnology graduates do not strictly need to pursue a career as a scientist at a medical company.

Those who possess a higher education doctorate in biotechnology will be capable of working in the academic, scientific and industrial fields, both in the application and generation of knowledge. Research degree holders will have excellent communication skills and the capacity for critical analysis and scientific reasoning, which allows them to formulate complex problems and propose innovative solutions to them, leading groups of applied research in laboratories of public and/or private institutions.

Because of this, biotech PhD postgraduates can take up an opportunity from a range of industries, including:

• Quality Assurance and Control
• Manufacturing industry
• Clinical research
• Government policymaking
• Research & Development
• Software engineering
• Chemistry, biological science, and agriculture
• Business and Project management
• Biomedical science and Engineering

As well as undertaking a range of positions, biotech PhD holders can also work in a range of environments such as for government agencies, private companies, regulatory bodies, or clinical laboratories. People in biotech jobs range from small start-ups to big pharma companies to national departments such as UKRI.

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Biotechnology is about hacking the elements of life. Biotechnologists can develop new products that improve the world around us by manipulating cellular and biomolecular processes.

This may sound like the future—and it is—but it’s also a critical part of the past. Biotechnology is over 6,000 years old, dating back to the creation of bread, cheese, and preserved dairy products. From that tasty history, biotechnology has come a long way, and it’s now manipulating genetic makeup to reduce disease, harnessing biomass to cleanly fuel the world, and transforming agricultural processes in productive and sustainable ways.

Those wanting to bring old-world concepts into cutting-edge research and development can look forward to thriving career opportunities in biotechnology. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) shows that the demand for biological technicians, a similar career to biotechnologists, is projected to grow at a rate of 5 percent between 2022 and 2032 ( BLS 2023), which is faster than the national average (3 percent).

Comparing the two positions, biological technicians typically have a bachelor’s degree and fewer years of experience than biotechnologists, who often have advanced degrees and more work experience. Therefore, aspiring biotechnologists are recommended to seek out biological technician opportunities and choose to further their education and earn leadership positions as biotechnologists as their careers progress.

Biotechnology is an expansive field. In 2023, the global biotech industry generated approximately $1.2 billion in revenue, and bioscience firms in the US employ nearly 400,000 people. A search for biotechnology jobs will reveal various roles, from laboratory scientists and research associates to quality assurance professionals and manufacturing specialists.

Many biotechnologists choose to work in biopharmaceutical production, and others work in areas like food science, cosmetics manufacturing, biofuel optimization, or genetic manipulation. With applications as broad as the imagination, biotechnology plays a critical role in shaping a cleaner, healthier, and more interesting future.

Step-By-Step Guide To Becoming a Biotechnologist

Step one: earn a bachelor’s degree (four years).

After graduating from high school, an aspiring biotechnologist must earn a bachelor’s degree. While it is possible to pursue this career with an undergraduate degree in one of the life sciences or a related engineering area, the most linear pathway is to major in biotechnology.

Admissions requirements for undergraduate programs vary from school to school but generally include some combination of the following: a competitive high school GPA (3.0 or greater), SAT or ACT scores, letters of recommendation, and a personal statement.

Brandeis University

Arizona state university, johns hopkins university (aap).

University of Maryland Global Campus

The University of Maryland Global Campus offers a hybrid bachelor of science (BS) in biotechnology. While all classes are available online, the overall requirements may include an onsite component. Applicants are expected to have already gained technical and scientific knowledge of biotechnology through transferable credit and practical experience.

Graduates of this program will be able to find solutions to global issues such as food insecurity, bioremediation, and the SARS-COV-2 virus (Covid-19). Combining applied coursework and laboratory skills with a biotechnology internship experience and upper-level study, the program’s curriculum prepares students for careers in biomedical research, pharmaceuticals, and more.

The UMGC curriculum includes classes such as inquiries in biological science; molecular and cellular biology; bioinformatics; laboratory management and safety; and current trends and applications in the life sciences. The program consists of 120 credits, and students can transfer up to 90 credits which may be completed in four years.

• Location: Adelphi, MD
• Accreditation: Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE)
• Expected Time to Completion: 48 months
• Estimated Tuition: In-state ($318 per credit); out-of-state ($499 per credit)

Indiana University, Bloomington

Indiana University, Bloomington offers a rigorous on-campus BS in biotechnology. Designed to give fundamental training in basic scientific principles and specific training in advanced topics, graduates are prepared for either immediate employment or further advanced study.

In addition to general education and core curriculum requirements, students take 35 credits of upper-division classes, including molecular biology; societal issues in biotechnology; structure, function, and regulation of biomolecules; organic chemistry; and the theory and applications of biotechnology. The program consists of 120 credits and may be completed in four years.

• Location: Bloomington, IN
• Accreditation: Higher Learning Commission (HLC)
• Estimated Tuition: Indiana residents ($11,446 per year); non-residents ($39,118 per year)

Northeastern University

Remember that some programs, such as the on-campus Plus One Accelerated Program at Northeastern University, offer a combined BS/MS degree, which students can apply for at the undergraduate level. This program includes experiential learning opportunities and biotechnology and pharmaceutical processing courses, analytical chemistry, and microbiology.

In addition, students attending Middlesex Community College can apply for scholarships and transfer coursework from a two-year to a bachelor’s and later a master’s level program through the Biotechnology A2M Scholars Program.

• Location: Boston, MA
• Accreditation: New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE)
• Expected Time to Completion: Five years
• Estimated Tuition: $541 per credit

Step Two: Gain Practical Work Experience (Optional, Timeline Varies)

After earning their bachelor’s degrees, many aspiring biotechnologists gain some practical work experience before determining the course of their career. Entry-level jobs, internships, and fellowships allow one to put their newly learned skills into practice, build a professional network, and sift out which niche of biotechnology to pursue.

Work experience is often the best education on the market, and some employers may even subsidize further graduate-level education. Job and internship openings are best found through professional networks or LinkedIn and Indeed.

Step Three: Earn a Certificate or Master’s Degree In Biotechnology (One to Three Years)

After earning their bachelor’s degrees and gaining some practical work experience, many biotechnologists elect to earn a master’s degree or a graduate certificate. While it’s not a requirement for all types of work that a biotechnologist may pursue, many biotechnology job postings require a graduate-level degree.

A master’s degree or graduate certificate can boost one’s resume and professional network and cement one’s expertise in a particular niche. Application requirements for master’s programs vary from school to school. Generally, they include some combination of the following: a competitive undergraduate GPA (3.0 or greater), letters of recommendation, work experience, GRE scores, and a personal statement.

Temple University

Temple University’s biotechnology graduate certificate program is geared toward biotechnology professionals wanting to advance their careers. This 12-credit program offers academic credentials that students can complete in one or two semesters.

Topics covered include technologies related to nucleic acid sequencing, the manipulation of microbes, and issues surrounding advances in genetics and genomics. Students can take this program part- or full-time, and courses can be applied to related graduate degree programs in bioinformatics and biotechnology.

Course options include environmental biotechnology; analytical biotechnology; ethics regulation and policy in biotechnology; nucleic acid technologies; microbial biotechnology; and biotechnology laboratory.

• Location: Philadelphia, PA
• Expected Time to Completion: One to two semesters
• Estimated Tuition: Pennsylvania resident ($1,301 per credit); out-of-state ($1,696 per credit)

University of California, Santa Cruz – Silicon Valley Extension

The University of California, Santa Cruz – Silicon Valley Extension provides a biotechnology certificate program. Professionals from various disciplines who want to pivot into a career in biotechnology are ideal candidates for this course of study. This 19-credit program includes courses such as introduction to biochemistry; principles of immunology; principles of drug discovery and development; biology of cancer; human physiology in health and disease; viruses, vaccines, and antiviral therapy; and gene therapy: hacking the genome.

All students begin with the core course, such as “Principles of Drug Discovery and Development.” Full-time students can complete this program in nine to 12 months.

• Location: Santa Clara, CA
• Accreditation: Accrediting Commission for Senior Colleges and Universities of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC)
• Expected Time to Completion: Nine to 12 months
• Estimated Tuition: $5,610

Northeastern University offers an MS in biotechnology that can be completed entirely online. In addition to a biotechnology core, the curriculum allows students to choose from several different concentrations: agricultural; biodefense; molecular biotechnology; process science; manufacturing and quality operations; biopharmaceutical analytical sciences; pharmaceutical technologies; scientific information management; biotechnology regulatory science; or biotechnology enterprise. Students can complete the program at part-time or full-time enrollment in two to three years. Notably, some concentrations require a two-week Boston residency.

This 30-credit program includes core courses such as molecular cell biology for biotechnology; foundations in biotechnology; the biotechnology enterprise; scientific information management for biotechnology managers; cell culture processes for biopharmaceutical production; experimental design and biostatistics; and protein chemistry.

• Expected Time to Completion: 24 to 36 months
• Estimated Tuition: $1,730 per credit

Johns Hopkins University

Johns Hopkins University has an MS in biotechnology program that students can complete online or in person at one of two Maryland campuses. Students may choose a generalist track or specialize in one of six concentrations: biodefense; bioinformatics; biotechnology enterprise; molecular target and drug discovery technologies; regulatory affairs; or regenerative and stem cell technologies.

The ten-course curriculum is thesis-optional and includes courses such as biochemistry; molecular biology; advanced cell biology; and cellular signal transduction. Students can complete the program in one to three years with part-time or full-time enrollment.

• Location: Baltimore, MD
• Expected Time to Completion: 12 to 36 months
• Estimated Tuition: $5,210 per course

Step Four: Earn a PhD In Biotechnology (Optional, Four to Seven Years)

While it’s not a requirement to practice, some biotechnologists choose to earn a doctoral degree—especially if their interests lie in academia, leadership, or research. Doctoral programs in biotechnology are often highly individualized and include several years of advanced study, teaching requirements, and a culminating thesis.

Admissions requirements vary from program to program but generally include some combination of the following: a competitive GPA in the previous degree (3.0 or greater), letters of recommendation, work experience, a personal statement, GRE scores, and in-person interviews. Do note that in many cases, a master’s degree is not needed for acceptance into a PhD program; in some cases, students can combine the two degrees.

Clarkson University

Clarkson University in New York state offers an Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Biotechnology PhD program. Once admitted to this 90-credit program, students can specialize in one of four areas: molecular bioscience and biotechnology; biomedical sciences and neuroscience; computational biology and bioinformatics; or ecology, evolution, and the environment.

This program is delivered in hybrid and on-campus formats. To be considered for admission, applicants must have a four-year degree in biology or a related field with at least three semesters of biology, four semesters of chemistry, two semesters of physics, and two semesters of mathematics.

• Location: Potsdam, Schenectady, and Beacon, NY
• Expected Time to Completion: Two to six years
• Estimated Tuition: $1,932 per credit

Emory University

Emory University provides a PhD program through the Molecular and Systems Pharmacology (MSP) graduate program. In the first year of the PhD curriculum, students engage in research through laboratory rotations and take classes in the principles of pharmacology, toxicology, biochemistry, and cell biology. After that, students can opt to specialize in toxicology and a chemistry-biology interface program.

Applicants must submit an application to the graduate school, pay a $75 fee, and provide three letters of recommendation, a statement of purpose, a resume, and transcripts. Once accepted to the Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, students receive stipend support, tuition scholarships, and health insurance subsidies.

• Location: Atlanta, GA
• Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC)
• Estimated Tuition: Tuition for full-time registration for nine or more credits is $22,900 per semester

Tufts University

Tufts University has a PhD program in biotechnology at its Massachusetts campus. Offered through the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, the program is heavily focused on research, with coursework in biochemistry and cellular metabolism; biochemical engineering; molecular biology; protein purification; and the principles of cell and microbe cultivation.

PhD students must also complete one to three teaching assistant assignments, participate in the departmental seminar series, pass an oral and written qualifying exam, and defend a final thesis.

• Location: Medford, MA
• Accreditation: New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC)
• Estimated Tuition: Covered by scholarships for full-time PhD students

Step Five: Join a Professional Society (Optional, Timeline Varies)

After a biotechnologist has completed their journey through academia and gained practical experience, the final step is to join a professional society.

Professional societies in biotechnology can congregate around a particular industry niche (e.g., agriculture, biopharmaceuticals) or act as interdisciplinary points of connection and collaboration. In addition, many professional societies host conferences, push for advocacy issues, foster professional networks, provide opportunities for continuing education, and publicize developments in the industry at large.

While joining a professional society isn’t a requirement for biotechnologists, it’s an essential step in helping the industry progress. Check out the list of professional resources at the end of this article.

Professional Certification for Biotechnologists

Having professional certification serves several purposes. It shows employers that a job seeker is professionally committed to high-quality work and continuing education. In addition, since biotechnologist positions require laboratory work, having a standardized professional lab certification is an official way to show that one has the necessary skills for a job.

Biotechnologist certification may be required to work in some states, so job-seeking biotechnologists need to research before applying. Lastly, certification can provide continuing education or serve as a credential for leadership positions.

Since biotechnology workplaces range from manufacturing to agriculture, certifications vary widely. However, here are some certification programs for biotechnologists.

American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Board of Certification (BOC) : This organization is the oldest and largest certification body for laboratory professionals, with over 600,000 people certified. Many biotechnology professionals offer many certifications and find the medical laboratory science (MLS) certification an ideal place to begin.

There are multiple routes to eligibility, and once an MLS has been earned, biotechnologists can prove their specialization knowledge by earning additional certificates in molecular and microbiology.

Center for Professional Innovation and Education (CfPIE) : CfPIE provides technical training for pharmaceutical biotech, medical device, and skin & cosmetics professionals. Offering more than 350 classes a year, CfPIE has 80 course titles to choose from.

Aspiring professionals in these industries can take in-person or online classes and earn certifications such as Biopharmaceutical Development Certified Professional, Medical Device Compliance Professional, and Skin/Cosmetic Certified Professional.

Helpful Resources For Biotechnologists

Biotechnology is a constantly evolving and relevant field. If you want to listen in on high-level biotechnology conversations and learn how it applies to today’s world, check out some resources below.

• Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO)
• International Council of Biotechnology Associations (ICBA)
• International Society for Biosafety Research (ISBR)
• Society for Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology (SIMB)
• Journal of Biotechnology

Matt Zbrog is a writer and researcher from Southern California. Since 2018, he’s written extensively about emerging topics in medical technology, particularly the modernization of the medical laboratory and the network effects of both health data management and health IT. In consultation with professors, practitioners, and professional associations, his writing and research are focused on learning from those who know the subject best. For MedicalTechnologySchools.com, he’s interviewed leaders and subject matter experts at the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA), the American Society of Clinical Pathology (ASCP), and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

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PhD in Biology and Biotechnology

As a student in WPI’s PhD in Biology and Biotechnology program, you will benefit from close mentorship by dynamic faculty who encourage creativity and inquisitiveness.

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Enabled by a world-class research infrastructure, students in our competitive program explore their passion for discovery while driving cutting-edge, hypothesis-driven research. You will work alongside interdisciplinary teams of WPI faculty, peers, and industry partners to make an impact in your field and explore topics that matter to you, from cancer biology and immunology research to studies of brain plasticity and pollinator decline.

Through our well-rounded PhD in Biology and Biotechnology, you will delve into immersive research in biology and biotechnology while also sharpening your professional and pedagogical knowledge and skills. You will take core courses covering professional ethics, grant writing, and experimental design, and hone your communication skills by participating in department-wide research presentations. You may also take part in supervised teaching experiences and discuss interdisciplinary research initiatives in our Journal Clubs.

Students complete a qualifying exam by the end of the second year of study and round out required coursework with electives. Completion of PhD studies concludes with the preparation of a written thesis and successful oral defense.

To treat many infectious diseases, including the global scourge of tuberculosis, doctors must do battle with a wily adversary, bacteria. Unfortunately for afflicted patients, bacteria have also acquired strategies for thwarting attacks from the immune system and the onslaught of antibiotic drugs. We need to know more about the strategies bacteria use to survive stresses. Biology and biotechnology professor, Scarlet Shell, is seeking to do just that by probing the molecular changes that underlie these mechanisms.

WPI's Department of Biology and Biotechnology is home to a diverse and dynamic faculty body that employs cutting-edge research to explore and understand research topics at the intersection of biology and technology. You will work alongside them as you make your own discoveries in these research areas:

• cancer cell biology
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• neuronal migration and degeneration
• regenerative medicine
• signal transduction mechanisms

Grad students work closely with faculty and with each other. The opportunity for potential brings new ideas to the forefront and enhances the work everyone does here.

Students in WPI’s BBT program have access to the state-of-the-art labs and multidisciplinary collaborations in the Life Sciences & Bioengineering Center at Gateway Park.

Well-equipped BBT facilities mean you’ll be supported in your research endeavors whether that involves an AAALAC-accredited vivarium with surgical suites, NMR, or a greenhouse.

WPI’s biology and biotechnology graduate degree programs are rigorous yet flexible to provide students with the appropriate backgrounds in both the theory of biology and the practice of biotechnology.

Work in WPI’s biology and biotechnology labs has real-world applications that impacts problems on a human scale.

The BBT program is rigorous, flexible, and comprehensive, so students are prepared for whatever the next step in their career path brings.

PhD candidates are encouraged to review the department's  faculty pages  to identify potential advisors.

You will have access to state-of-the-art equipment in WPI’s Life Sciences and Bioengineering Center, a research complex where an open-plan lab and presence of biotech companies encourage interdisciplinary collaborations. Facilities include an analytical instrumentation core equipped for NMR, Mass Spec, X-Ray Crystal, and qPCR analysis; imaging core with advanced microscopes for point-scanning confocal, spinning disk confocal, and TIRF microscopy; and AAALAC-accredited vivarium.

Faculty Profiles

Work in my lab is focused on defining the cellular mechanisms that maintain genome stability in normal cells and understanding how these pathways are corrupted in cancer cells.

Defining signaling pathways that program cellular diversity is one of the foremost problems in biology and is central to my research interests.  In the lab we use molecular, genetic, and biochemical approaches to characterize the function of these pathways and to gain insight into their role in disease.  To date, the lab has focused on the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor network, a principal therapeutic target for a variety of human cancers.

I deeply enjoy teaching, in particular conveying the important roles played by plants. It is a great reward when my students realize that plants are more complex and interesting than they anticipated, and they want to learn more. I enjoy that students at WPI are open about thinking in new ways; this critical thinking is the result of intense project-based learning.

Prof. Weathers is an internationally recognized expert on Artemisia annua and artemisinin, having worked with the plant and its phytochemicals including the antimalarial drug, artemisinin, for >25 years. She is a Fellow of AAAS and SIVB, won many awards, given many national and international presentations, reviews manuscripts for many journals and proposals for many national and international funding agencies. She is an Associate Editor for multiple journals. Her lab was the first to genetically transform A. annua.

Our lab investigates the molecular basis of phenotype switching in human fibroblasts that can be modulated using defined extracellular stimuli. We evaluate the role of oxygen and growth factor FGF2 isoforms independently and in combination in order to identify key molecular mechanisms and pathways, some of which closely mimic mechanisms described in human embryonic stem cells. Extended lifespan of these cells in culture also offers us a model for investigation of molecular mechanism that are regulating cell cycle in the context of both aging and cancer.

Research in my laboratory addresses questions in the field of evolutionary ecology and environmental biology, and typically combines field work and laboratory studies. Current projects focus on two disciplines.

A member of the WPI faculty since 2004 and chair of the Department of Biology and Biotechnology since 2022, Reeta Rao is a leader in the field of molecular genetics and genomics. Her primary research activities are focused on emerging infectious diseases, specifically understanding and managing fungal diseases. Students and research associates in her laboratory are trained to use a variety of biochemical, molecular-genetic, and genomic tools to study host-microbe interactions to explore fungal virulence strategies and identify novel therapeutics in a high through

I have a passion for understanding how living systems work, as well as for sharing my love of biology and research with the next generation of scientists and informed citizens.

The central goal of my lab is to understand the regulatory mechanisms that underlie mycobacterial stress tolerance. We combine genetics, genomics, transcriptomics and biochemistry to understand how mycobacteria respond to, and ultimately survive, stressful conditions.

It has been my lifelong dream to become a professor in the field of Biology. Being a faculty member provides a great opportunity to teach and interact with students. Students by nature are highly inquisitive and motivated, and as teachers, we have the responsibility to guide our students to explore and think in new ways. I believe that teaching is a two-way interaction between teachers and students. I come from India and my parents, both of whom were teachers, taught me to strive for excellence in my scholarly pursuits.

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Earn a Master’s Degree in Biology & Biotechnology First

Are you interested in making advanced discoveries about living organisms in a robust community of like-minded researchers, but need your master’s to get there? Consider earning a master’s in biology and biotechnology where you’ll participate in cutting-edge laboratory training and gain professional training in areas like experimental design, ethics, and more. Do you prefer advancing a career in the biotech industry from making cross-functional decisions to gaining expertise in bio-production? Our online master’s in biotechnology is a skills-focused program perfect for students who are working professionals looking to study part-time. Maybe you have a strong foundation in computer science and statistics? Consider earning a master’s in bioinformatics and computational biology which dives into leveraging biological data to improve health care.

Get Started with a BS in Biology & Biotechnology or a Minor in a Related Field

If you’re interested in the field but need your initial degree, a bachelor’s in biology & biotechnology is the first step. This degree introduces you to how the theory of biology is put into practice with biotechnology. If your interest lies in gaining enough information to use in a different discipline or practice, WPI has minors that will deliver the skills and knowledge you seek. A minor in biology is an excellent addition to your academic program and will be relevant in many industries including biomechanics, big data, or personalized medicine. Or maybe you’re seeking a global perspective. WPI’s interdisciplinary minor in global public health examines biological, social, political, environmental, and economic influences on the health of diverse and varied populations.

WPI is proud to be the recipient of not one, but two National Science Foundation Research Traineeship programs. The programs provide exceptionally talented graduate students with specialized training and funding assistance to join careers at the forefront of technology and innovation. The programs are for graduate students in research-based master's and doctoral degree programs in STEM. Learn more .

The BioPoint Program for Graduate Students has been designed to complement traditional training in bioscience, digital and engineering fields. Students accepted into one of the home BioPoint programs will have the flexibility to select research advisors and take electives in other departments to broaden their skills. BioPoint curriculum is designed to be individual, interactive, project-focused and diverse, and includes innovative courses, seminars, journal clubs and industrial-based projects. Learn more .

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About the PhD in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program

In the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology PhD program, faculty, and students work together to increase knowledge of the biochemical and molecular bases of normal and abnormal cellular processes. Our program trains students to be successful independent scientists and gives them the knowledge, research training, and leadership skills to continue to provide new insights into the biomedical issues that have a profound impact on public health.

Students engage in a rigorous course curriculum and a range of structured and informal activities outside the classroom and lab to build their skills. They will pursue their thesis research in the lab of one of our over forty training faculty across the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.

Visit our dedicated PhD program website to learn more about the diverse research training opportunities of the program.

PhD in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program Highlights

Our position within the School of Public Health provides a unique setting in which students learn how biochemistry, molecular biology, physical chemistry, cell biology, and genetics can be used to solve significant problems in public health and medicine. Our program offers:

• Training faculty from across the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine
• A strong grounding in the science of biomedical and public health research through a core curriculum that includes courses taught by leading experts from the Schools of Public Health and Medicine
• Training outside the lab and classroom in key skills such as communications and leadership
• Opportunities to build strong communications skills through a range of speaking venues including journal club, research colloquium, department retreats, and national meetings
• Access to the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Professional Development and Career Office , offering excellent career services and professional development,  including the BMB-required OPTIONS program, a guided process of career exploration for paths from medicine to biotech to academia and beyond for careers paths from medicine to biotech to academia and beyond
• Opportunities to participate in community service and outreach, with a focus on our East Baltimore neighborhoods, through the Johns Hopkins University community engagement and service-learning center, SOURCE

Training faculty across the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine

Schools that students can take courses in: Public Health, Arts & Sciences, Medicine, and Engineering

Two-month rotations in the first year prior to selecting thesis lab

Average number of incoming students in the BMB PhD degree program each year

What Can You Do With a PhD In Biochemistry And Molecular Biology?

The Biochemistry and Molecular Biology PhD program prepares students for a range of biomedical and health sciences careers, including in academia, industry, policy, and beyond. Visit the Graduate Employment Outcomes Dashboard to learn about Bloomberg School graduates' employment status, sector, and salaries.

Sample Careers

• Research Scientist
• Science Policy Adviser
• Biotech Executive
• Senior Scientist
• Patent Lawyer
• Science Policy Analyst/Advocate
• Science Writer/Journalist
• Biological Sciences Teacher

Topic Areas

The BMB PhD program faculty conduct research to gain new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying normal and abnormal cellular processes, and their relevance as targets for improving health and treating disease. Our training program places particular emphasis on mechanistic approaches to research problems.

Common topic areas within our faculty's diverse research interests include:

• Biophysics and Structural Biology
• Cancer Biology
• Chemical Biology and Proteomics
• Cell Biology
• Cellular Stress and Cell Signaling
• Genetics, Genomics, and Gene Regulation
• Immunology and Infectious Diseases
• Translational Research

Curriculum for the PhD in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

The BMB PhD offers students a rigorous course curriculum, including a set of common core classes from the Schools of Public Health and Medicine. A rich array of seminar programs and journal clubs are also available to all students.

Browse an overview of the requirements for this PhD program in the JHU  Academic Catalogue  and explore all course offerings in the Bloomberg School  Course Directory .

Courses in core curriculum

Minimum elective credits

Seminars on current research presented by experts from across Johns Hopkins and other biomedical research institutions

Courses available across Johns Hopkins Schools of Public Health, Medicine, and Arts and Sciences

Admissions Requirements

For the general admissions requirements see our How to Apply page. The specific program also requires:

Prior Work Experience

Laboratory research experience (from academia, industry, etc.) is required

Prior Coursework

Strong background in the sciences, particularly in chemistry, biochemistry, or biology

Standardized Test Scores

Standardized test scores (GRE) are optional for this program. The admissions committee will make no assumptions if a standardized test score is omitted from an application, but will require evidence of quantitative/analytical ability through other application components such as academic transcripts and/or supplemental questions.  Applications will be reviewed holistically based on all application components.

Program Faculty Spotlight

Ashani T. Weeraratna

Ashi Weeraratna, PhD, studies how cancer cells move to distant sites and how changes in the normal cells around a tumor contribute to their movement, especially as we age.

Michael J. Matunis

Michael Matunis, PhD, studies how protein modification by SUMO—the small ubiquitin-related modifier—drives changes in key cellular pathways from stress response to DNA repair.

Jennifer M. Kavran

Jennifer Kavran, PhD, MS, MPhil, is a biophysicist who investigates how cells communicate with each other and their environment.

Danfeng Cai

Danfeng Cai, PhD, combines advanced microscopy, genomics, and proteomics to tease out the functions of protein condensates in cells, with a focus on cancer.

Vivien Thomas PhD Scholars

The  Vivien Thomas Scholars Initiative (VTSI)  is an endowed fellowship program at Johns Hopkins for PhD students in STEM fields. It provides full tuition, stipend, and benefits while also providing targeted mentoring, networking, community, and professional development opportunities. Students who have attended a historically Black college and university (HBCU) or other minority serving institution (MSI) for undergraduate study are eligible to apply. To be considered for the VTSI, you will need to submit a SOPHAS application, VTSI supplementary materials, and all supporting documents (letters, transcripts, and test scores) by December 1 , 202 3 . VTSI applicants are eligible for an application fee waiver , but the fee waiver must be requested by November 15, 202 3 and prior to submission of the SOPHAS application.

All full-time PhD students receive the following support for all years of the program: full tuition and fees, individual health insurance, University Health Services fee, vision insurance, dental insurance, and a stipend for living expenses for students who remain in good academic standing. PhD students are required to serve as a teaching assistant for at least one term, in either their 2nd or 3rd year.

Need-Based Relocation Grants Students who  are admitted to PhD programs at JHU starting in Fall 2023 or beyond can apply to receive a $1500 need-based grant to offset the costs of relocating to be able to attend JHU.   These grants provide funding to a portion of incoming students who, without this money, may otherwise not be able to afford to relocate to JHU for their PhD program. This is not a merit-based grant. Applications will be evaluated solely based on financial need.  View more information about the need-based relocation grants for PhD students .

Questions about the program? We're happy to help.

Mike Matunis, PhD PhD Program Director

Roza Selimyan , PhD BMB Executive Director for Academic Affairs and Education Programs

Erika Vaitekunas Administrative Specialist

[email protected]

Compare Programs

• Check out similar programs at the Bloomberg School to find the best fit.
• Master of Science (ScM), Offered by BMB
• Master of Health Science (MHS), Offered by BMB
• Master of Health Science (MHS), Offered by MMI
• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Offered by MMI
• Master of Health Science (MHS) in Environmental Health
• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Environmental Health

Support Biology

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This page details the application process for the graduate program in Biology, including the application timeline, application requirements, and information for international students and students with disabilities.

MIT Graduate Biology is a doctoral program. There is no Masters offered. The average length of time until degree is 5 1/2 to 6 years.

The Biology department also participates in a number of  Interdisciplinary and Joint Degree Programs , including the Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience graduate program, the joint MD/PhD program, the Biophysics Certificate program, and the joint program with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. If you are interested in any these programs, please make sure you explore the different requirements to participate in or apply for these programs.

View Interdisciplinary and Joint Degree Programs

Application timeline

Application requirements.

Application for admission is completed through our online system GradApply . For fullest consideration, it is in your best interest to complete all parts of the application by or before the deadline. Incomplete applications may not be reviewed. A complete application should include:

Academic transcript

With regards to specific prerequisite courses for the Biology Program, basic requirements would include Calculus, one year of college physics, organic chemistry and subjects including general biochemistry, genetics and physical chemistry. However, students may make up some deficiencies over the course of their graduate work.

If you are unable to submit an unofficial transcript before the application deadline, you should complete the “Subjects Taken” page on the online application. You should then submit an official transcript by mail as soon as possible. To be considered official, transcripts must be received in envelopes sealed by the institution.

Mailing Address:

Biology Graduate Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Building 68-120 Cambridge, MA 02139-4307

Application fee

Letters of recommendation.

We require three letters of recommendation submitted electronically using the online application system. At least two must be academic recommendations. You are responsible for sending the links to your recommenders, tracking the status of the letters (on the “Letter Status” page under “Evaluations”), and following up as needed.

Your recommendation letters should include details that highlight:

• Past research experience and/or scientific experience
• Preparation for graduate school, with an emphasis on biology

Standardized tests

Statement of objectives, things to note .

• If you are applying to more than one department at MIT, you must submit a separate application for each department.
• CVs can be included in your online application in the “Test Scores / Experience” section.
• Wherever possible, use the provided drop-down menu options to ensure that your information is submitted correctly.
• Email will be the primary method of contacting you. Do not change your email address once you have submitted your application, as this will result in a record mismatch.

In-person interviews

In-person interviews are required for an offer of admission to the Biology program. Invitations will be sent out to selected applicants by email in mid-January along with further details about the interview process. The program will cover interview travel expenses, or provide cost-sharing for international students.

Information for international applicants

• We cannot waive the application fee for international applicants.

Non-native English speakers

Fluency in spoken and written English is essential for success in our program. We judge fluency in several ways, including scores from standardized tests.

• The IELTS (preferred), TOEFL, Cambridge English Qualifications C1 Advanced, or Cambridge English Qualifications C2 Proficiency test is required of all applicants whose primary language is not English or who did not complete college education in English
• Test scores: TOEFL (required minimum 600),  IELTS (required minimum 6.5), or Cambridge English Qualifications C1 Advanced/C2 Proficiency (required minimum 176)
• Test scores must be from within the past two years

More information about these tests is available on the MIT Graduate Admissions website .

Students with disabilities

MIT is committed to equal access for qualified students. Interested students may contact the MIT Student Disabilities Services office  to learn about resources on campus.

Biology Application Assistance Program

The Biology Application Assistance Program (BAAP) is a student-led effort to support MIT Biology applicants and lower the application information gap for applicants from underrepresented or non-traditional backgrounds. If you are a prospective graduate student applying during this application cycle, submit an application to participate in student-led application activities, including office hours and panels with current MIT Biograds, to help you prepare your application before submission. BAAP applications will be accepted on a rolling basis until November, 15, 2022. Questions? Email [email protected]  or visit the BAAP website to learn more.

Submit a BAAP Form

Questions and concerns

• Additional information about the application process is available on the Graduate Admissions website .
• For specific questions about the Biology Graduate Program and the application process, contact us by email ([email protected]) or phone  (617-258-6502).
• For technical questions about the online application site, contact [email protected] .

Due to the volume of applications received, we are unable to respond to requests for updated status of application materials received or to provide feedback about unsuccessful applications.

Privacy Policy

MIT is committed to protecting the individual privacy of applicants and students by restricting the use of all collected information as specified by Institute policies. In accordance with these policies, the information in your application may be used by MIT officials only for appropriate administrative and research purposes. This site uses cookies to maintain a session identifier while you are actively using the site, but does not use cookies for any other purpose.

The software we use to process credit card payments uses secure encryption technology (SSL) to reduce the possibility of theft, manipulation, and other alteration of information that you provide to us.

PhD Program

Main navigation, phd program in bioengineering.

Study for the PhD in Bioengineering combines rigorous coursework with novel research mentored by Stanford faculty, enabling students to develop as independent intellectual leaders working at the interfaces between biology, medicine, engineering, and the physical sciences. Our mission is to train students at the intersection of biomedicine and engineering in both academia and the burgeoning biomedical and biotechnology industries. Applicants should have a commitment to learning and a passion for research. 

On average, the program is completed in five to six years, depending on the student’s research and progress. First-year students have the opportunity to rotate in three different labs before selecting their dissertation advisor (PI). Many students choose to join labs in the Bioengineering department, but we also have several students who join labs within the Schools of Engineering, Medicine, and Humanities & Sciences. 

The Bioengineering Department also believes that teaching is an important part of graduate-level education in Bioengineering. Consequently, serving as a teaching assistant for two courses is a requirement for the PhD in Bioengineering. Current BioE and Stanford graduate students can learn more about our TA opportunities via our BioE intranet .

Along the way to the PhD degree, students have clear and defined milestones that help guide them to the successful completion of their dissertation and oral defense. More information regarding our PhD degree requirements and milestones can be found in the Stanford Bulletin .

What We Look For

BioE PhD students come from a wide variety of personal, educational, and professional backgrounds. We welcome applicants with undergraduate degrees in diverse STEM disciplines including Bioengineering, Biophysics, Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Biochemistry, Physics, and Chemistry. There are no specific course requirements for applicants, but a competitive candidate will have strong quantitative training in mathematics and the physical sciences, along with a background in biology acquired through coursework or prior research. All admitted graduate students should be prepared to take the core courses  in the first year.

We welcome students entering directly from undergraduate programs, as well as applicants with MS degrees and/or substantial work experience in areas ranging from biotechnology to robotics. Our admissions committee will look for evidence that an applicant has demonstrated qualities of successful PhD students such as creativity, self-initiative, dedication, and perseverance. We also aim to admit bioengineering students who can thrive at Stanford because their specific interests and aspirations are well-matched with the research of our faculty and the educational environment of our department

Incoming Student Profile

The Bioengineering community is home to over 165 PhD students who come from a variety of diverse backgrounds and experiences. Below is a snapshot of our BioE PhD cohort that started in Fall 2020.

Should You Get a Master’s or a PhD in Biotechnology?

Industry Advice Science & Mathematics

The job outlook for biotechnology professionals is very positive, with 2020 salaries averaging between $80,000 and $90,00 per year. As a result, many individuals are pursuing advanced degrees in biotechnology in hopes of acquiring the training and experience needed to land a role in this lucrative field.

Luckily, those with an undergraduate degree have the benefit of tailoring their graduate education by choosing to enroll in either a biotech master’s or a PhD program. Read on to explore how these two programs differ and what the five key aspects you should consider when deciding which is the right fit for you.

Choosing a Master’s vs. a PhD in Biotechnology: What to Consider 

1. your career goals.

Perhaps the most significant question you can ask yourself when picking between a master’s and a PhD is, “What do I intend to do with my degree?”

For example, because PhDs require an extensive time commitment and provide students the chance to explore the academic side of the field, individuals who want to pursue research are best suited for this degree.

“If you want to be an academic, you absolutely have to get a PhD,” says Jared Auclair, director of the biotechnology and bioinformatics programs at Northeastern. Conversely, he explains, “if you want to go work the industry, a master’s is the way to go.” 

A master’s degree is designed to transition students seamlessly from the classroom into the workforce. These programs tend to be shorter, and they provide chances for hands-on learning within real-world organizations. In short, they are developed in a way that allows students to begin shaping their careers in biotech before they even graduate.

“Because a master’s degree takes less time schooling-wise, you can go out and work in the industry sooner, get hands-on experience, and then move up in the chain of command,” Auclair says. 

Learn More: Industry vs. Academia: Which is Right for You?

PhD candidates considering work in industry (versus academia) are not as easily set up for success. This is because, while a PhD candidate is spending years in a classroom, professionals with master’s degrees are already out in the field collecting valuable real-world experiences that will help prepare them to advance within an organization.

And while there are still some companies that might value a PhD applicant’s extensive study over a master’s degree applicant’s time in the workforce, Auclair explains that, in most cases, a master’s is really all a hiring manager is looking for among applicants.

“In most of the job postings I see…companies are looking for those with master’s [degrees], not PhDs,” he says, noting that there are only a few situations where, in C-level leadership roles specifically, a PhD candidate might have an edge. 

2. Curriculum

“A master’s program and a PhD program in biotechnology will have similar coursework,” Auclair says.  Both are designed to provide students with an expansive understanding of the field, including the tools, practices, and trends that define it today.

In a PhD program, however, students will have the opportunity to specialize in a specific area of practice within the larger biotechnology field. “A master’s offers a broader depth of training…[whereas] PhDs are trained to do something very specific,” he continues.

As a result, master’s students may end up taking more classes and leaving with a much broader and holistic understanding of the field than their PhD counterparts. 

3. Program Length

A master’s program is designed to be completed quickly so that students can explore opportunities within the industry earlier in their careers. At Northeastern, for example, the master’s in biotechnology program can take anywhere from two to three years to complete, depending on whether a student pursues it in a full-time or part-time capacity.

A PhD, on the other hand, requires a much longer time commitment. After completing core classes, PhD students complete a three- to five-year research project with the faculty of their program, effectively delaying their release into the workforce.

4. Experiential Learning Opportunities

The experiential component of a student’s education is perhaps the biggest differentiator in the structures of PhD and master’s programs.

Students who pursue their master’s at Northeastern, for example, have unparalleled opportunities to practice their skills hands-on at organizations in the industry before ever entering the workforce.

“Our master program has a mandatory co-op , which is 12 weeks to six months of experience in the industry,” Auclair says. This paid and credited work provides students with the chance to explore the trends of the industry first-hand, network with leaders in the field, and begin to develop working relationships with organizations they may hope to be employed by after they graduate.

Just as industry experience prepares master’s students to thrive in the field, many PhD programs provide experiential learning opportunities for their students that expose them to the types of research and academia they can expect to pursue post-graduation.

“After you do your mandatory coursework for your PhD, you’re going to do a research project with a faculty,” Auclair says. “And that’s not industry experience, it’s academic research experience, which is completely different.”

This academic research gives students a chance to become comfortable in a lab or research setting, gain exposure to some of the technology and tools they will use in practice, and begin developing working relationships with professors and other university faculty.

5. Demands of the Industry

Some professionals considering an advanced degree do so knowing exactly what they want to do with their careers. For these individuals, the process of deciding between a master’s and a PhD may stop after consideration of their career goals.

However, some individuals embark on advanced education not to fulfill a specific career objective, but to simply pursue their passion for biotechnology. These individuals should think about not only what career opportunities each program might lead to, but which degree will best set them up to meet the current demands of the industry.

For example, the COVID-19 pandemic has created a plethora of lucrative possibilities for those in the biotechnology sector. Between a need for expedited vaccine development, a rethinking of telemedicine, and much more, Auclair notes there will be many new and exciting opportunities for those hoping to get involved.

“With COVID…sciences and new technologies are going to evolve rapidly,” he says. “The master’s degree sets you up to be more nimble and flexible [in order] to adapt to those [changes] and to really have a broader impact.”

Though there are opportunities for PhD holders to carve out a place for themselves in the industry, Auclair explains that the depth and type of training required at their level don’t as easily translate.

“Traditionally a person with a PhD is very specialized in one specific technique or aspect of the sciences, whereas somebody with a master’s is [better] able to adapt to the evolution of where the science is going to go. I’m not saying that PhDs can’t do that, but it’s typically not as easy for them.”

Weighing Your Options

If you’re considering a career in biotechnology, an advanced degree provides a perfect opportunity to gain the training and hands-on experience necessary to thrive within this ever-evolving field.

The Master of Science in Biotechnology at Northeastern, for example, has been designed with the input of industry experts and is constantly evolving to best prepare its students to meet the changing needs of the field.

“Part of my mission is to develop all of our programs in collaboration with industry,” Auclair says. “[We] monitor the trends and evolve and adapt as the trends evolve and adapt so that we’re producing people who are ready to work in the business of today or tomorrow, and not of yesterday.”

Northeastern has also taken steps to create opportunities for students who want both the industry exposure of a master’s degree with the cumulative title of a PhD.

The Experiential PhD is a unique program that allows students to work toward their PhD while simultaneously holding a full-time position within the industry. While this degree can be applied to any field, it’s particularly relevant to master’s degree holders who later realize they want to specialize their knowledge or to pivot their career toward research.

Northeastern’s master’s in biotechnology is designed to effectively complement this degree, as well. The Experiential PhD allows students to build off the holistic understanding of the industry obtained at the master’s level, preventing them from repeating much of the same coursework over again as they would in pursuit of a different science-based PhD.

The way it works, Auclair explains, is that “when you have your master’s…and you’re working at a company, you find a mentor in that company and a mentor at the university, and you [choose and then] work on a project that’s interesting to all three of you.”

This type of industry-applicable PhD is ideal for those who have already spent time working within organizations in the field. It allows you to advance your education while still continuing to function as an employee at your company. “You get all the benefits and the money and the salary and everything, but you’re still getting your PhD and it [only takes] three years,” Auclair says.

Take the Next Step

No matter which program you choose, pursuing an advanced degree in biotechnology is sure to be a positive step toward success in this field.  If you’re still struggling to determine which path is right for you, consult with an expert in the field. Whether that person is someone in your network that works in biotech or an enrollment coach at Northeastern, (who are well-versed in Northeastern’s variety of programs), gaining some outside perspective can help you make this important career choice.

Explore the master’s in biotechnology at Northeastern on our program page then download our free e-Book to learn more about how you can advance your career in biotechnology.

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The average U.S. bioscience worker earned nearly $99,000 in 2016, 85% greater than the average for the overall private sector. (BIO, 2018)

Master of Science in Biotechnology

An innovative degree for a dynamic industry.

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PhD in Bioscience and Biotechnology, Interdisciplinary

Advance Solutions by Becoming an Expert in Your Field

The interdisciplinary PhD in Bioscience and Biotechnology gives you the opportunity to work on complex challenges in the field. Through additional coursework, you will specialize your knowledge and gain the technical skills to come up with innovative solutions through the study of cells. The degree will open the doors to competitive opportunities in academia or private industry.

Why Earn a PhD in Bioscience and Biotechnology From Clarkson?

Clarkson University's PhD in Bioscience and Biotechnology offers a rigorous curriculum and extensive research opportunities for you to become a scholar in the field. During your studies, you will have access to our state-of-the-art facilities and other resources to complete your original projects.

The curriculum is interdisciplinary, and our faculty reflect that scope. You'll be able to work closely with biologists, chemists, physicists, mathematicians and engineers as mentors. Your advisor will help you create an individualized plan that focuses on your areas of interest. Class sizes are small to encourage collaboration and team-building — skills you'll find in laboratories all over the world.

By the time you graduate, you will have acquired specialized knowledge and technical skills in molecular bioscience and biotechnology, the biomedical sciences and neuroscience, computational biology and bioinformatics, ecology and evolution and the environment. Your training will prepare you for further research opportunities in academia or senior roles in related industries.

What You'll Learn

This program consists of 90 credit hours of coursework, seminars and a dissertation. The required courses include:

• Two core courses in cell and molecular biology.
• One biotechnology or molecular biology lab course.
• Two specialization elective courses from one of four categories (Molecular Bioscience & Biotechnology; Biomedical Science & Neuroscience; Computational Biology & Bioinformatics or Ecology, Evolution & the Environment).
• One free elective course from any category.
• One course from the Computational Biology & Bioinformatics category.
• One course on bioethics, policy or law.

We offer the following areas of concentration:

• Biomedical Science & Neuroscience

Computational Biology & Bioinformatics

• Ecology, Evolution & the Environment

Molecular Bioscience & Biotechnology

Required Courses

Specific course requirements for the Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Biotechnology (IBB) program include the following: two core courses in cell and molecular biology (BY580 & BY582); one biotechnology or molecular biology lab course (BY512 or CM570); two specialization elective courses from one of four categories (Molecular Bioscience & Biotechnology; Biomedical Science & Neuroscience; Computational Biology & Bioinformatics; Ecology, Evolution & the Environment); one free elective course from any category; one course from the Computational Biology & Bioinformatics category; and one course on bioethics, policy, or law.

Example Courses and Concentrations

• BY510 Developmental Biology (3 cr)
• BY512 Molecular Biology Laboratory (4 cr)
• BY515 Recent Advances in Immunology Research (1 cr)
• BY560 Comparative Physiology (3 cr)
• BY562 Comparative Physiology Laboratory (2 cr)
• BY580 Advanced Cell Biology (3 cr)
• BY582 Molecular Genetics (3 cr)
• BY586 Molecular Biotechnology (3 cr)
• BY650 Biochemistry I (3 cr)
• BY651 Biochemistry II (3 cr)
• BY652 Pharmacology (3 cr)
• CM520 Separations and Electrochemistry (3 cr)
• CM530 Colloid and Interfaces (3 cr)
• CM544 Medicinal Chemistry (3 cr)
• CM553 Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Biomaterials (3 cr)
• CM566 Bioelectronics & Bionanotechology (3 cr)
• CM570 Biochemistry & Biotechnology Laboratory (3 cr)
• ES552 Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering Applications (3 cr)
• PH526 Introduction to Biophysics (3 cr)

Biomedical Sciences & Neuroscience

• BY518 Principles of Toxicology and Epidemiology (3 cr)
• BY519 Immunobiology (3 cr)
• BY520 Microbiology (3 cr)
• BY540 Introduction to Biomedical Rehabilitation Engineering & Science (3 cr)
• BY548 Medical Microbiology (3 cr)
• BY555 Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer (3 cr)
• BY560 Neurobiology (3 cr)
• BY571 Anatomy & Physiology I (3 cr)
• BY572 Anatomy & Physiology II (3 cr)
• BY573 Anatomy & Physiology Lab I (2 cr)
• BY574 Anatomy & Physiology Lab II (2 cr)
• BY576 Current Topics in Biology & Medicine (3 cr)
• BY588 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (3 cr)
• BY604 Molecular Pharmacology (3 cr)
• ME380 Special Topics: Biomechanics (3 cr)
• BY514 Bioinformatics (4 cr)
• BY610 Ecological Statistics and Experimental Design (3 cr)
• ES505 Design of Experiments and Analysis of Data (3 cr)
• MA571 Numerical Solution of Differential Equations (3 cr)
• MA580 Introduction to Monte Carlo Simulation (3 cr)
• STAT582 Mathematical Statistics I (3 cr)

Ecology, Evolution, and the Environment

• BY525 Biological Systems & Environmental Change (3 cr)
• BY528 Conservation Biology (3 cr)
• BY531 Limnology (3 cr)
• BY532 Limnology Laboratory (2 cr)
• BY620 Evolution (3 cr)
• CE575 Coastal Engineering (3 cr)
• CE577 Atmospheric Chemistry (3 cr)
• CE579 Water and Wastewater Treatment Design (3 cr)
• CE580 Environmental Chemistry (3 cr)
• CE682 Environmental Biological Processes (3 cr)
• CH509 Receptor Modeling in Environmental Chemistry (3 cr)
• EHS505 Methods and Analysis (3 cr)
• ES533 Human Exposure Analysis (3 cr)
• ES534 Air Pollution Control (3 cr)

To apply, candidates must fulfill the following criteria:

• Possess a baccalaureate (four-year) degree in biology or a relevant science (e.g., biochemistry, biophysics, environmental science).
• Three semesters of biology, including genetics.
• Four semesters of chemistry, including organic chemistry.
• Two semesters of physics.
• Two semesters of mathematics, including calculus.

Solving real-world problems based on cutting-edge research is at the core of what we do. With access to nationally recognized faculty and 18 research centers and laboratories, we have the resources you need to advance in your field. Our more than 380 partners in industry, government agencies, chambers of commerce and research organizations also offer graduate students a wealth of opportunities to continue doing their important work.

Research 

Our faculty are recognized as leaders in their respective fields and are at the helm of cutting-edge projects. They collaborate closely with each other to provide innovative solutions for complex problems. Our faculty members also value the talents of students and serve as active and engaged mentors.

Faculty 

PhD in Bioscience and Biotechnology students have two options for completing their coursework: entirely onsite at our main campus in Potsdam, New York, or in a hybrid format, with a mix of online and onsite courses.

Many of our full-time, research-based master's and PhD programs are housed in Potsdam. You will be in close proximity to many of our research labs and centers, our libraries and other resources.

Potsdam Campus

A complete application consists of the following:

• Online Application Form.
• Statement of purpose.
• In your statement, please mention two or three faculty members who you believe would be good advisors/supervisors based on their research areas.
• Three letters of recommendation.
• Official transcripts.
• GRE test scores.
• Optional: Applications will be read without GRE test scores, but applicants should submit scores if they believe they will enhance their application.
• For international applicants, an English proficiency test is required.
• Minimum test score requirements: TOEFL (80) and TOEFL Essentials (8.5), IELTS (6.5), PTE (56) or Duolingo English Test (115).
• The English language-testing requirement is not waived based on language of instruction, nor do we accept university certificates. English testing is waived if an applicant has a degree from a country where English is the Native Language. Click here to see the list of these countries.

Prerequisites: Applicants should possess a baccalaureate (four-year) degree in biology or a relevant science (e.g., biochemistry, biophysics, environmental science) with the following minimum college course preparation: three semesters of biology, including genetics; four semesters of chemistry, including organic chemistry; two semesters of physics and two semesters of mathematics, including calculus.

All graduate students are considered for University merit-based financial assistance, including teachings assistantships, research assistantships, fellowships and scholarships. This aid is awarded by each academic department. Not all types of assistantships are available in all programs. Please visit the financial aid, costs and scholarships page to learn about department-specific assistance.

Teaching Assistantships

Teaching Assistantships (TAs) provide a stipend plus full tuition. Duties include an average of 12 hours of work per week for 50 weeks or 20 hours of work per week for 30 weeks. Duties may include assisting in the laboratory or recitation sections and grading of reports or homework.

Research Assistantships

Research Assistantships (RAs) require no teaching responsibilities and provide a standard stipend plus full tuition. Work is determined by the project's principal investigator (PI).

Career Possibilities

The PhD in Bioscience and Biotechnology opens the doors to competitive roles in academia and other research centers. Our graduates also go on to work in a variety of professions and fields, including:

• Agriculture
• Biotech companies
• Energy companies
• Environmental conservation
• Government agencies
• Healthcare companies
• Higher education
• Medical laboratories
• Pharmaceuticals

Recent Employers

You'll find our students employed by these leading organizations:

• Caris Life Sciences
• Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
• Harford Community College
• New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
• Procter & Gamble
• Senti Biosciences
• Susquehanna University

Postdoctoral Work

Some students have pursued postdocs at schools like:

• University of California at San Francisco

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Graduate Admissions Email: [email protected] Phone: 518-631-9831

Interested in learning more about the PhD in Bioscience and Biotechnology? Contact us today with your questions.

Explore Related Programs

PhD in Environmental Science and Engineering

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Achieve your purpose here.

Specialize your knowledge and become an independent scholar with a PhD in Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Biotechnology from Clarkson. To take the next step: 

PhD in Biotechnology

Biotechnology, phd: 1st year.

Other requirements for the PhD program include:

• Additional electives that emphasize individual research themes
• 3.25 GPA in core classes (listed above)
• Oral critique of a current research article
• Research progress report with oral presentation
• 1-3 teaching assistant assignments
• Attendance and participation in the Departmental Seminar Series
• Research committee meetings and thesis defense

** Additional program details are provided in the Graduate Handbook

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PhD in Biotechnology

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The Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology offers PhDs in Chemical Engineering or Biotechnology. Research within the Department covers a wide and exciting array of activities ranging from quite fundamental research in biology through to the traditional fields of chemical engineering, and the specifics of any project will dictate the activities of the student.  Please consult our  Research Groups page  for further information.

The Postgraduate Virtual Open Day usually takes place at the end of October. It’s a great opportunity to ask questions to admissions staff and academics, explore the Colleges virtually, and to find out more about courses, the application process and funding opportunities. Visit the  Postgraduate Open Day  page for more details.

No formal arrangements for departmental open days are in place; however, prospective students are welcome to request an appointment to visit at any time of year.

Key Information

3-4 years full-time, 4-7 years part-time, study mode : research, doctor of philosophy, department of chemical engineering and biotechnology, course - related enquiries, application - related enquiries, course on department website, dates and deadlines:, lent 2024 (closed).

Some courses can close early. See the Deadlines page for guidance on when to apply.

Michaelmas 2024 (Closed)

Funding deadlines.

These deadlines apply to applications for courses starting in Michaelmas 2024, Lent 2025 and Easter 2025.

Similar Courses

• Chemical Engineering PhD
• Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology MPhil
• Engineering MPhil
• Engineering PhD
• Bioscience Enterprise MPhil

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PhD Handbook

PhD in Biotechn...

PhD in Biotechnology in USA: A Guide to PhD in Biotechnology in USA for International Students

A PhD in biotechnology in USA is a rapidly expanding global industry with a variety of exciting job prospects. More and more applicants are now moving into creating a profession in the expanding sector of biotechnology.

The USA is the leading country that has advanced itself in practising biotechnology. Why  more and more students prefer PhD in Biotechnology in USA is because of the quality of education students get. There are many universities in USA for PhD in biotechnology that accept applications from international students. The cost, however, is frequently what keeps individuals from applying for a fellowship at their preferred universities in the USA. stay with us till the end to know all about the best universities for PhD in biotechnology in USA, and a lot more!

Why Study PhD in Biotechnology in USA?

At present, there are more than 190 top universities in USA for PhD in biotechnology that provide more than 300 courses including PhD. From certificate programs to Ph.D. programs, these universities offer a variety of degrees.

Among the prominent fields at biotechnology universities in the USA are bioinformatics and biotechnology management, both of which are offered by universities there. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, earning a higher education from one of the biotechnology colleges in the USA would open up approximately 87,600 career prospects for you in the near future. Students can pursue fully-funded PhD programs in Biotechnology in USA that cover the cost of the study and stay. Some more reasons to pursue PhD in USA in biotechnology are-

• In the USA, more than 60% of biotechnology experts have a yearly salary of around USD 90,000 (INR 71,86,275).
• Students are offered with fully funded PhD programs in biotechnology in the form of grants by universities.

Suggested : Top Reasons to Study MS in USA

Best Universities for PhD in Biotechnology in USA

There are a number of universities in USA for PhD in biotechnology offering quality education in the form of practical and theoretical methods. Below are the best universities for PhD in biotechnology-

Harvard University

Stanford university, johns hopkins university, university of california, berkeley, the george washington university.

Let us get into the details for all of these universities in USA for PhD in Biotechnology:

Harvard University, which was founded in 1636, is the oldest American university and a member of the exclusive US group of Ivy League Schools. Applicants to the PhD in biotechnology will learn about Biological Sciences in Public Health (BPH), dysregulation in complex diseases (such as obesity, diabetes, cancer), infectious diseases (such as malaria, tuberculosis, AIDS), environmental exposures (such as air pollution, asthma, and radiation), etc.

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Stanford University, a private research university in Stanford, California, was established in 1891. Students pursuing a Ph.D. in biology receive instruction that is geared on assisting them in reaching the highest levels of success as teachers and researchers. In order to aid their growth, students collaborate closely with a designated adviser and attend regular meetings with a committee of academic members. The Stanford University Biosciences community, which also comprises doctoral programs in the fundamental scientific departments at Stanford Medical School, includes the Biology Ph.D. program.

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This private university, Johns Hopkins University was established in 1876. The institution has campuses in and near Baltimore, the District of Columbia, Italy, and China. The PhD in biotechnology program, which is intended for both part-time and full-time students, gives you the option to take classes online or on campus in the evenings and on weekends. The biotechnology labs at Johns Hopkins are where exciting things are taking place. You'll gain knowledge from professionals who are engaged in ongoing research, discovery, and publication in a dynamic field.

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The Computational Biology PhD program's major goal is to educate the next generation of scientists who are devoted to performing at a high level in both the computational and biological sciences and who are passionate about researching the interface between computer and biology. The program places a strong emphasis on interdisciplinary cooperation, and research. It also offers a flexible curriculum made up of two semesters of didactic coursework that is adapted to the individual needs of each student.

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This private research university George Washington University was founded in 1821. The university is home to a number of renowned research institutes and facilities, including the GW Cancer Institute, the Centre for Regulatory Studies, Centre for Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, and the Biostatistics Centre. The Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering is intended to train future academics and researchers to apply engineering concepts to issues in biology and medicine, to comprehend and model the characteristics of living systems, and to combine biomedical systems and equipment to conduct novel research.

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Course Overview of PhD in Biotechnology in USA

PhD in Biotechnology in USA lasts for 4-5 years and keeps students up to date on scientific advancements that are connected to biotechnology development. Students can choose from a number of specializations, ranging from molecular biotechnology to biochemistry.

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Eligibility Criteria and Documents Required to Study PhD in Biotechnology in USA

Eligibility Criteria for PhD in Biotechnology in USA is given below:

Educational Qualification

English language proficiency test scores, standardised exam scores.

Let us check in detail:

• Students need to provide the passing certificate of masters in Biotech and other relevant degree
• A strong recommendation is to have an excellent academic record for both your undergraduate and graduate degrees (70 percent or B-).

Students while applying for the PhD in Biotechnology in USA need to submit the score of the English Language Proficiency test. However, the score may differ according to the university.

• GRE - 140 or more

You may be asked to give US entrance exam scores, such as the SAT / ACT for PhD in Biotechnology. These scores are rarely sought, but if you have already taken the test, keep them on file.

Suggested: PhD in Biotechnology in Canada

Documents Required for PhD in Biotechnology in USA are :

• Statement of Purpose (SOP)
• Letter of Recommendation (LOR)
• Past Academic transcripts
• Approved thesis

Suggested: Sample LOR for MS in Biotechnology

Application Process to Apply for PhD in Biotechnology in USA

To get the admission in any of the top ranked universities in the USA, students need to follow the admission process. Below are the steps-

• Look for the university in the US offering a PhD in Biotechnology.
• Examine the admissions requirements of the university. Determine which exam you must take and which documents you must submit.
• Fill out the application form. You can avail the admission application online.
• Ensure that all documents are submitted by the application deadline. Check the website to see how far your application has progressed.
• If a student meets all of the prerequisites, the university invites the student to take the entrance exam.
• The cut-off for the entrance exam is determined by the college administration. If an applicant performs well on the entrance exam and meets the cut-off, the next step is processed.
• Once chosen, start preparing your budget and applying for a student visa

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Cost of Studying PhD in Biotechnology in USA

The cost of pursuing PhD in Biotechnology in USA varies depending on the type of institution you choose. Both the tuition fees and cost of living differs according to the city or state you are pursuing the course.

• The overall annual cost of studying masters in agriculture in the USA is around USD 24,000 (INR 19,16,340).
• The overall annual cost of living in the United States for an international student is around USD 20, 000 (INR 15, 96,950) per year. The amount depends on the location, the type of residence, and services you utilize while studying here.

  Suggested: Cost of PhD in USA

Scholarships Available for PhD in Biotechnology in USA

Universities and colleges offer state special financial grants for international students seeking PhD in USA in biotechnology. One can go for a full funded PhD in biotechnology in USA covering the study cost. Some of the grants offered are:

   Suggested: How to Finance Your MS in US?

Job Scope After PhD in Biotechnology in USA

Students after completing their PhD and these in Biotechnology will have a great career scope. On an average, the annual salary of a PhD holder in the USA is around USD 70,000 (INR 55, 89,325).

Suggested: Highest Paying Jobs in USA

There is a huge scope in terms of career for students completing their education from universities in USA for PhD in biotechnology. If you are looking forward to seeking admission or know any other information, Yocket professionals are ready to help you.

Frequently Asked Questions about PhD in Biotechnology in USA

What is the average salary of a PhD Biotechnology?

The average annual salary of the PhD in Biotechnology aspirant is around USD 70,000 (INR 55, 89,325).

Why choose the USA for PhD in Biotechnology?

USA is the leading nation that has adopted the advancement in biotechnology. Students pursuing PhD in biotechnology will get the insight about the industry and have practical understanding of the same.

Is a PhD in biotechnology worth it?

PhD in Biotechnology is recommended only if you are keen to take up research oriented career otherwise it would just be a waste of your precious time and years. Once you are done, you will have a great career ahead.

How long is the PhD in Biotechnology course?

The PhD in Biotechnology program typically lasts three to five years to complete. Research Methodology, Scientific Communication, Recent Trends in Biotechnology, and other topics would be covered in this course.

Is an entrance exam required to pursue PhD in Biotechnology?

IELTS, TOEFL and GRE are part of the PhD in Biotechnology in the USA. Other than these, you need to check with the university if they have any other exam to undergo.

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How Long Does It Take to Get a Ph.D. Degree?

Earning a Ph.D. from a U.S. grad school typically requires nearly six years, federal statistics show.

How Long It Takes to Get a Ph.D. Degree

Caiaimage | Tom Merton | Getty Images

A Ph.D. is most appropriate for someone who is a "lifelong learner."

Students who have excelled within a specific academic discipline and who have a strong interest in that field may choose to pursue a Ph.D. degree. However, Ph.D. degree-holders urge prospective students to think carefully about whether they truly want or need a doctoral degree, since Ph.D. programs last for multiple years.

According to the Survey of Earned Doctorates, a census of recent research doctorate recipients who earned their degree from U.S. institutions, the median amount of time it took individuals who received their doctorates in 2017 to complete their program was 5.8 years. However, there are many types of programs that typically take longer than six years to complete, such as humanities and arts doctorates, where the median time for individuals to earn their degree was 7.1 years, according to the survey.

Some Ph.D. candidates begin doctoral programs after they have already obtained master's degrees, which means the time spent in grad school is a combination of the time spent pursuing a master's and the years invested in a doctorate. In order to receive a Ph.D. degree, a student must produce and successfully defend an original academic dissertation, which must be approved by a dissertation committtee. Writing and defending a dissertation is so difficult that many Ph.D. students drop out of their Ph.D. programs having done most of the work necessary for degree without completing the dissertation component. These Ph.D. program dropouts often use the phrase " all but dissertation " or the abbreviation "ABD" on their resumes.

According to a comprehensive study of Ph.D. completion rates published by The Council of Graduate Schools in 2008, only 56.6% of people who begin Ph.D. programs earn Ph.D. degrees.

Ian Curtis, a founding partner with H&C Education, an educational and admissions consulting firm, who is pursuing a Ph.D. degree in French at Yale University , says there are several steps involved in the process of obtaining a Ph.D. Students typically need to fulfill course requirements and pass comprehensive exams, Curtis warns. "Once these obligations have been completed, how long it takes you to write your dissertation depends on who you are, how you work, what field you're in and what other responsibilities you have in life," he wrote in an email. Though some Ph.D. students can write a dissertation in a single year, that is rare, and the dissertation writing process may last for several years, Curtis says.

Curtis adds that the level of support a Ph.D. student receives from an academic advisor or faculty mentor can be a key factor in determining the length of time it takes to complete a Ph.D. program. "Before you decide to enroll at a specific program, you’ll want to meet your future advisor," Curtis advises. "Also, reach out to his or her current and former students to get a sense of what he or she is like to work with."

Curtis also notes that if there is a gap between the amount of time it takes to complete a Ph.D. and the amount of time a student's funding lasts, this can slow down the Ph.D. completion process. "Keep in mind that if you run out of funding at some point during your doctorate, you will need to find paid work, and this will leave you even less time to focus on writing your dissertation," he says. "If one of the programs you’re looking at has a record of significantly longer – or shorter – times to competition, this is good information to take into consideration."

He adds that prospective Ph.D. students who already have master's degrees in the field they intend to focus their Ph.D. on should investigate whether the courses they took in their master's program would count toward the requirements of a Ph.D. program. "You’ll want to discuss your particular situation with your program to see whether this will be possible, and how many credits you are likely to receive as the result of your master’s work," he says.

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Emmanuel C. Nwaodua, who has a Ph.D. degree in geology, says some Ph.D. programs require candidates to publish a paper in a first-rate, peer-reviewed academic journal. "This could extend your stay by a couple of years," he warns.

Pierre Huguet, the CEO and co-founder of H&C Education, says prospective Ph.D. students should be aware that a Ph.D. is designed to prepare a person for a career as a scholar. "Most of the jobs available to Ph.D. students upon graduation are academic in nature and directly related to their fields of study: professor, researcher, etc.," Huguet wrote in an email. "The truth is that more specialization can mean fewer job opportunities. Before starting a Ph.D., students should be sure that they want to pursue a career in academia, or in research. If not, they should make time during the Ph.D. to show recruiters that they’ve traveled beyond their labs and libraries to gain some professional hands-on experience."

Jack Appleman, a business writing instructor, published author and Ph.D. candidate focusing on organizational communication with the University at Albany—SUNY , says Ph.D. programs require a level of commitment and focus that goes beyond what is necessary for a typical corporate job. A program with flexible course requirements that allow a student to customize his or her curriculum based on academic interests and personal obligations is ideal, he says.

Joan Kee, a professor at the University of Michigan with the university's history of art department, says that the length of time required for a Ph.D. varies widely depending on what subject the Ph.D. focuses on. "Ph.D. program length is very discipline and even field-specific; for example, you can and are expected to finish a Ph.D, in economics in under five years, but that would be impossible in art history (or most of the humanities)," she wrote in an email.

Kee adds that humanities Ph.D. programs often require someone to learn a foreign language, and "fields like anthropology and art history require extensive field research." Kee says funding for a humanities Ph.D. program typically only lasts five years, even though it is uncommon for someone to obtain a Ph.D. degree in a humanities field within that time frame. "Because of this, many if not most Ph.D. students must work to make ends meet, thus further prolonging the time of completion," she says.

Jean Marie Carey, who earned her Ph.D. degree in art history and German from the University of Otago in New Zealand, encourages prospective Ph.D. students to check whether their potential Ph.D. program has published a timeline of how long it takes a Ph.D. student to complete their program. She says it is also prudent to speak with Ph.D. graduates of the school and ask about their experience.

Online Doctoral Programs: What to Expect

Ronald Wellman March 23, 2018

Kristin Redington Bennett, the founder of the Illumii educational consulting firm in North Carolina, encourages Ph.D. hopefuls to think carefully about whether they want to become a scholar. Bennett, who has a Ph.D. in curriculum and assessment and who previously worked as an assistant professor at Wake Forest University , says a Ph.D. is most appropriate for someone who is a "lifelong learner." She says someone contemplating a Ph.D. should ask themselves the following questions "Are you a very curious person... and are you persistent?"

Bennett urges prospective Ph.D. students to visit the campuses of their target graduate programs since a Ph.D. program takes so much time that it is important to find a school that feels comfortable. She adds that aspiring Ph.D. students who prefer a collaborative learning environment should be wary of graduate programs that have a cut-throat and competitive atmosphere, since such students may not thrive in that type of setting.

Alumni of Ph.D. programs note that the process of obtaining a Ph.D. is arduous, regardless of the type of Ph.D. program. "A Ph.D. is a long commitment of your time, energy and financial resources, so it'll be easier on you if you are passionate about research," says Grace Lee, who has a Ph.D. in neuroscience and is the founder and CEO of Mastery Insights, an education and career coaching company, and the host of the Career Revisionist podcast.

"A Ph.D. isn't about rehashing years of knowledge that is already out there, but rather it is about your ability to generate new knowledge. Your intellectual masterpiece (which is your dissertation) takes a lot of time, intellectual creativity and innovation to put together, so you have to be truly passionate about that," Lee says.

Curtis says a prospective Ph.D. student's enthusiasm for academic work, teaching and research are the key criteria they should use to decide whether to obtain a Ph.D. degree. "While the time it takes to complete a doctorate is an understandable concern for many, my personal belief is that time is not the most important factor to consider," he says. "Good Ph.D. programs provide their students with generous stipends, health care and sometimes even subsidized housing."

Erin Skelly, a graduate admissions counselor at the IvyWise admissions consulting firm, says when a Ph.D. students struggles to complete his or her Ph.D. degree, it may have more to do with the student's academic interests or personal circumstances than his or her program.

"The time to complete a Ph.D. can depend on a number of variables, but the specific discipline or school would only account for a year or two's difference," she wrote in an email. "When a student takes significantly longer to complete a Ph.D. (degree), it's usually related to the student's coursework and research – they need to take additional coursework to complete their comprehensive exams; they change the focus of their program or dissertation, requiring extra coursework or research; or their research doesn't yield the results they hoped for, and they need to generate a new theory and conduct more research."

Skelly warns that the average completion time of a Ph.D. program may be misleading in some cases, if the average is skewed based on one or two outliers. She suggests that instead of focusing on the duration of a particular Ph.D. program, prospective students should investigate the program's attritition and graduation rates.

"It is worthwhile to look at the program requirements and the school's proposed timeline for completion, and meet current students to get their input on how realistic these expectations for completion are," Skelly says. "That can give you an honest idea of how long it will really take to complete the program."

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Office of Graduate Education

At Stanford, there are no barriers

At Stanford, the world’s best students have the resources of the entire university at their fingertips. Our network of Biosciences PhD programs provides students opportunities to work in a close-knit, intellectual community.

Our  14 Biosciences PhD Home Programs empower students with the flexibility to tailor their education to their skills and interests as they evolve. Students work with global leaders in biomedical innovation, who provide the mentorship to answer the most difficult and important questions in biology and biomedicine. We encourage our students to flow freely between the 14 Biosciences PhD Home Programs with access to all labs, encouraging collaboration and allowing each student to discover her or his own passions.

PhD Programs

• Biochemistry
• Biomedical Data Science
• Cancer Biology
• Chemical and Systems Biology
• Developmental Biology
• Microbiology and Immunology
• Molecular and Cellular Physiology
• Neurosciences
• Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine
• Structural Biology

Related Programs

• Bioengineering
• Biomedical Physics
• Health Policy
• Epidemiology and Clinical Research
• Dual-Degree Programs

Work with innovators across disciplines

Immersed in Stanford’s  environment of creative exploration and interdisciplinary collaboration , our students work alongside not only the best minds in the biosciences, but with leaders in chemistry, physics, statistics, computer sciences, engineering, and myriad other disciplines. In addition to first-year coursework and the innovative, discussion-based  Foundations of Experimental Biology , students supplement their learning through two to three-week  mini-courses  that span disciplines and generate innovative approaches to problem-solving. And through our  close partnership with Stanford Hospitals and Clinics,  students can witness firsthand the potential real-world impact of their work.

Become a leader, and pursue your passion

Our goal is simple: To empower each student to discover and pursue her or his  career of choice . Stanford Biosciences graduates  go on to make a difference as leaders and innovators  in academia, biotech and government research, business and finance, education, and policy. We will work with you to develop the skills necessary to pursue your individual passion through an  integrated academic and professional curriculum . For those with the talent, intellect, and drive to lead the next generation of biomedical innovators, our Biosciences program offers the best path forward.

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Our 14 Biosciences PhD Home Programs form a collaborative network that encourages creative thinking, interdisciplinary collaboration, and high-stakes, high-reward research. Students get the best of both worlds: the flexibility of a larger program with the direct mentorship fostered by a smaller setting. Each Home Program provides foundational training with a supportive group of peers and faculty. Students are encouraged to tailor their rotations and education throughout the Biosciences and beyond. At Stanford, we empower students to broaden their horizons, discover their passion, and become leaders and innovators in their career of choice.

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Stanford Biosciences is one of the best places in the world for training in the biomedical sciences thanks to focused training and shared scientific interests with along with the vast opportunities of an interdisciplinary program.

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PhD in Biotechnology

• Updated on  
• Apr 25, 2023

Biotechnology or the art of modern science is concerned with the manipulation, alteration, and cloning of genes are done to produce cost-friendly products for the benefit of society. It is a rapidly growing industry in the world with a bunch of fascinating career opportunities. In the rising field of biotechnology, more and more candidates are now stepping into establishing a career in biotechnology and trying their hands on core research. If you are eager to learn about this exciting field of study, then, pursuing a Ph.D. in Biotechnology will be one of the best options. Read through the blog and know about the details of the program. 

This Blog Includes:

Phd in biotechnology overview, eligibility criteria , subjects covered in phd in biotechnology , top universities for phd in biotechnology abroad, top colleges for phd in biotechnology in india, phd in biotechnology in usa, phd in biotechnology in canada, phd in biotechnology in germany, career and job prospects after phd in biotechnology, scope of phd in biotechnology.

PhD in Biotechnology is designed to teach students cutting-edge bioengineering techniques to alter genes to produce valuable goods and products beneficial for the population. The course structure mainly consists of studying research methodology, scientific process, and recent trends in biotechnology and bioinformatics to complete the thesis. It is a doctorate-level course that takes 3-5 years to complete the program. Some universities also demand candidates to undergo crucial examinations to prove their supremacy in the domain chosen. 

If you are planning to pursue a PhD in Biotechnology, you should be familiar with the eligibility criteria for this course. Doctorate degrees in biotechnology expect a candidate to have relevant background in the respective field from a certified school or college. The basic eligibility criteria for admission in PhD in biotechnology are listed below-

• A recognized bachelor’s degree like BTech Biotechnology , BSc Biotechnology or in some other related field
• Candidates must have a master’s degree biotechnology or bioinformatics like MSc Biotechnology  from any recognized university
• Minimum prescribed score in GRE  
• A good score in English proficiency tests like IELTS , TOEFL , etc 
• SOP and LOR are required to be eligible for admission 

As the course name suggests, most of the subjects covered under PhD in biotechnology are centered on the scientific disciplines of Biology and engineering. Arising from this, there are many interdisciplinary subjects, like Hormone Biochemistry, genetic engineering Molecular Biology and Biochemical Techniques. Here are some of the commonly offered subjects in Ph.D. biotechnology:

Also Read: Medical Science Courses

Being a doctorate course, PhD in biotechnology is offered across numerous leading universities across the world. As Biotechnology is interdisciplinary and technical, the quality of education offered at a prospective university impacts the student’s overall learning experience, thus you must carefully choose amongst the top universities in the world that are offering this degree. Make sure you do not forget to research the scholarships for fundings available especially for PhD students as they prove to be really advantageous during the course. Here are some of the top universities offering PhD biotechnology: 

There are various colleges in India that offer PhD in Biotechnology with a number of research opportunities and resources. Here are the top colleges in India that cater to courses for Doctor of Philosophy Biotechnology. 

• St. Xavier’s College
• Stella Maris College 
• Women’s Christian College 
• Kishinchand Chellaram College 
• Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women 
• Ramaniranjan jhunjhunwala College
• Jaipur National University
• DAV College 
• Mount Carmel College

With ample global universities providing excellent training and research opportunities, the USA ranks among the top countries for pursuing a PhD In Biotechnology. Here are the top universities for pursuing PhD in Biotechnology in the USA.

• Harvard University
• Stanford University
• University of California – Davis
• The University of Pittsburgh
• Tufts University
• University of California – Berkeley
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Clarkson University
• The University of Alabama in Huntsville
• Texas A and M University-College Station

Canada is another top country for pursuing PhD in Biotechnology with a variety of courses and many research fields to choose from. Here are the top universities for PhD in Biotechnology n Canada.

• University of Ottawa
• Brock University
• Lakehead University
• University of Toronto
• Simon Fraser University
• The University of British Columbia
• The University of Calgary
• McGill University
• University of Alberta
• McMaster University

Germany has progressed into becoming the best country for technology and its related courses. The country has many leading universities with numerous biotechnology-focused companies and research institutions. Here are the top universities in Germany for PhD in Biotechnology.

• University of Freiburg
• University of Wuerzburg
• Technical University Munich
• Free University of Berlin
• University of Bonn
• Heidelberg University
• University of Muenster
• Technical University Dresden

Earning a PhD in Biotechnology in the advancing field of study, there are a plethora of opportunities that arise for students after they finish the course. You can find a variety of professional profiles in various employment areas such as Bioinformatics, the medical field, the education sector, agriculture and pharmaceutical companies, etc. But majorly candidates go on to pursue their research projects. Some of the selected career  sectors and job profiles are listed below:

• Biomedical Engineer
• Medical Scientist
• Microbiologist
• Process Development Scientist
• Biomanufacturing Specialist
• Product Strategist

Biotechnology is a very diverse subject with increasing scope in the industry and has also connected many MNCs. With many discoveries and progress in medicine, the medical field has advanced in clinical testing and introduced novel practices and the production of pharmaceutical products. These are a few sectors that have increased requirements for students who have completed their PhD in Biotechnology in India.

• Bio-processing industries
• Agricultural Sciences
• Environment Control
• Public Funded Laboratories
• Energy Management
• Food Processing
• Dairy Technology
• Waste Management
• Drug and Pharmaceutical Research

With a number of career options in Biotechnology, there is a vast scope for students to cover. However, before pursuing their PhD, it is important that students make up their minds about whether they want to complete research or make a career. The average salary for a Doctor of Philosophy Biotechnology in India is ₹607k per year. Given below are a few jobs and their salary after PhD in Biotechnology.

The average starting salary for PhD in Biotechnology is INR 607k p.a.

If you have an inclination towards medicine, biology, technology, or pharmacy, Biotechnology is a suitable option for you with increasing demand in government organizations, private sectors, or clinical laboratories which are expected to increase in future.

USA, UK and Australia are among the top countries for pursuing PhD Biotechnology courses.

You must complete your MSc Biotechnology with a minimum of 50%- 55% and clear the entrance exams.

Thus, we hope this blog was helpful in guiding you about the PhD in Biotechnology. If you are planning to pursue a PhD in Biotechnology but are unsure about selecting the right university, our Leverage Edu experts are just a click away. Sign up for a free career counselling session with us and we will help you explore the best universities as per your preferences and interests! 

Team Leverage Edu

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