class 10 geography chapter 2 assignment

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forests and Wildlife Resources

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forests and Wildlife Resources in Hindi and English Medium updated for new academic session 2024-25 based on current CBSE Syllabus and latest CBSE Textbooks for new academic session. All the solutions are done properly by experts removing errors, if still there is any mistake please inform us to rectify and improve it.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2

Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions
Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Hindi Medium
Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Important Questions
NCERT Book Geography Chapter 2
Notes and Study Material Chapter 2
Class 10 Geography NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 in PDF format free to download updated for new academic year 2024-25 for all boards who are using latest NCERT Books. All the contents and Offline and Online Apps are modified as per the latest CBSE Syllabus. If you have any doubt, please visit to Discussion Forum.

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Exatra Questions Class 10 Geography Chapter 2

What is nfp.

National Forest Policy –that the claims of communities near forests should not override the national interests, It also stated that the forest area in the country is far lower than the desired 33 percent of geographical area.

What are the reasons for the launching of ‘Project Tiger’ in 1973?

The major threats to tiger population such as poaching for trade, shrinking habitat, depletion of prey base species, growing human population etc. The trade of tiger skins and the use of their bones in traditional medicines, especially in the Asian countries left the tiger population on the verge of extinction.

What are the important Tiger Reserves in India?

Some of the important Tiger Reserves are SuderbansNaitonal Park in West Bengal, Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam, Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala.

What are the six categories to classify the existing planks and animal species based on IVCN?

(i) Normal Species (ii) Endangered species (iii) Vulnerable Species (iv) Rare Species (v) Endemic Species (vi) Extinct species

What are the main factors that have contributed significantly to the loss of forest after Independence?

Agricultural expansion, large scale development projects, shifting cultivation or slash and burn cultivation have degraded forest in north-eastern and central belt, mining is another important factor.

What are the Steps taken by the government to conserve forest and wildlife?

Steps taken by the government to conserve forest and wildlife: Indian Wildlife Protection Act implemented-1972. Established National parks and Wild life sanctuaries. Several projects introduced like project Tiger.

Unclassed Forest Forests and waste lands that are common to Government, private individuals and communities Reserved Forest Half of the total forest, regarded as most valuable, also known as permanent forest. Protected forest One third of the total forest, areas which are protected from further depletion, also known as permanent forest.

1. Name the primary producers of the ecological system on which all other living beings depend? 2. What is afforestation 3. What is IUCN? 4. Write any one cause to damage the Indian forests during colonial period? 5. Name the nearest rives to you place? why it is not clean? 6. Why Fuel – Fodder demand is partially responsible for depletion of forest resources? 7. What is ecological imbalance? 8. Name a bird, disappeared from Delhi in recent years? 9. Write any one use of Forests and wildlife to us? 10. What is ecological system?

Important Questions on Class 10 Geography Chapter 2

What is biodiversity why is biodiversity important for human lives.

The variety of flora and fauna in a given geographical area is called biodiversity of that area. Each species on this earth lives in a system of interdependencies on various biotic and abiotic factors. Human beings also depend on several biotic and abiotic factors for their survival. We may be directly taking some resources from certain species, but we indirectly depend on many other species. Hence, biodiversity is important for human lives.

How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna? Explain.

Various human activities have resulted in a decline of forest cover. Vast tracts of forest had been cleared to make way for farmland and for making new houses, factories and infrastructure. Mining is another human activity which has destroyed forest in a vast area. Thus, human activities have resulted in significant depletion of flora and fauna.

Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India?

Many local communities have recognized the significance of conservation for their long term survival. Local communities are contributing significantly in conservation at many places. For example; the Bishnois of Rajasthan protect black buck, Chinkara and Peacocks quite zealously. Nature worship is an age old tradition of many tribes. By doing so, they help in conservation of forest. Chipko movement is another example of community initiative in conservation. Joint Forest Management has been practiced in Orissa since 1988 and has bore fruits for conservation.

Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.

All the good practices towards conservation of forest and wildlife should include an active participation from all the stakeholders. Government agencies, local inhabitants, industrialists and wildlife enthusiasts are the important stakeholders in forest management. The government should formulate rules and regulations and provide system and machinery to implement conservation programmes. The local inhabitants should always be included in the conservation programme, because their survival depends on it. Industrialists and wildlife enthusiasts should also be taken under the fold of conservation programmes. A coordinated effort by all the stakeholders will give better results.

1. Plants / Forests. 2. Growing trees. 3. International Union for conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 4. Expanston of the railways / mining / agriculture / scientific forestry. 5. River Yamuna, Due to pollution. (Any one) 6. As a substantial part of the fuel-fodder demand is met by lopping, rather than by felling entire trees. 7. A danger to the ecological system due to the loss of plants and animal species. 8. Sparrow (cauriya) 9. Wood, backs, leaves, rubber, medicines, dyes, food, fuel, Foddes, manure etc. (Any one) 10. The complex Web made physical environment by the of inter relation and inter dependance of plants, animals and human beings.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forests and Wildlife Resources

« Resources and Development

Water resources ».

NCERT GEOGRAPHY CLASS 10 CHAPTER 2 FORESTS AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES – WORKSHEET

Written By Avinash Sharan

Class 10 | geography 10, 0 comment(s), 8th july 2023, forests and wildlife resources – worksheet for class 10 students.

Forests and Wildlife Resources Worksheet for Class 10 is designed to enhance students’ understanding of the importance and conservation of forests and wildlife. This worksheet consists of various question types, including short answer questions, assertion and reason-based questions, and source and picture-based questions. By solving these questions, students can develop their knowledge and critical thinking skills while exploring topics such as biodiversity, deforestation, habitat loss, and conservation measures. The worksheet provides a comprehensive platform for students to practice and assess their understanding of forests and wildlife resources, encouraging active learning and environmental awareness. Forests and Wildlife Resources Worksheet can also be used by the teachers for Formative Assessment. So let us start solving.

Table of Contents

Short Answer Type Questions:

Q1. Define Biome.

Q2. What is a Biosphere reserve?

Q3. What are endemic species?

Q4. Name a medicinal plant that is found in the Himalayas used for the treatment of some cancers.

______________________________________________________________________________

Q5. When was the Indian wildlife protection act implemented?

Q6. Which Indian state was the first to pass the resolution of Joint Forest Management (JFM).

Q7. Mention any three steps taken by the government for the conservation of flora and fauna?

Q8. Describe how communities have conserved and protected the forests and wildlife in India.

Picture Based Questions From Forests and Wildlife Resources

Q9. Identify the following personalities:

courtesy: Pixabay

Forests and Wildlife Resources - worksheet for class 10

________________________________ 2. ___________________________

Q10. Identify the following animals:

Courtesy: Pixabay

Courtesy; Pixabay

_____________________________ 4. _______________________________
_____________________________ 5. ________________________________
_____________________________ 6. ________________________________

CLUE: (LION, JAGUAR , TIGER, CHEETAH , LEOPARD, PANTHER )

Assertion and Reason Based Questions

In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by the statement of reason.

Mark the correct choice.

1. Assertion and Reason

Assertion: Forests play a key role in the ecological system as these are also the primary producers on which all other living beings depend.

Reason: the plants, animals and micro-organisms re-create the quality of the air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil that produces our food

without which we cannot survive.

A. Both Assertion and Reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

B. Both Assertion and Reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

C. Assertion is true but reason is false.

D. Both Assertion and Reason are false.

2. Assertion and Reason

2. Assertion : In the 1960s and 1970s, conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection program.

Reason: The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1792, with various provisions for protecting habitats.

3. Assertion and Reason

Assertion : More than half of the total forest area is protected forest, as declared by the Forest Department.

Reason: Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under permanent forests.

4. Assertion and Reason

Assertion : In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have declared 1,200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’

Reason: The villagers of the Alwar district have declared their own set of rules and regulations which do not allow hunting, and are protecting the wildlife

against any outside encroachments.

D. Assertion is false but the Reason is true.

5. Assertion and Reason

Assertion : Nature worship is an age old tribal belief based on the premise that all creations of nature have to be protected.

Reason: The Mundas and the Santhal of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua and kadamba trees.

Long Answer Type Questions From Forests and Wildlife Resources

Q1. Write a short note on Joint Forest Management.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q2. Describe the role of communities in the conservation of forests and wildlife in India?

Q3. Define Bio-diversity. Why is bio-diversity important for human life?

Q4. Write a short note on “Project Tiger”.

Q5. Mention the steps taken by the Government to conserve and protect the flora and flora in India?

SAMPLE ANSWERS (SOLUTIONS)

Ans 1. An place is categorised as a biome based on the species that call it home. Scientists can define a biome by defining the temperature range, soil type, amount of light, and water that are peculiar to a location and create niches for particular species.

Ans 2. The protected areas known as biosphere reserves are designed to preserve plants and animals. Additionally, it revives the local tribes’ traditional way of life.

Ans 3. Plant and animal species that can only be found in a certain geographic area are known as endemic species. While some species are unique to a continent, others may only be found on an island.

Ans 4. Himalayan Yew.

Ans 5. The Indian wildlife protection act was implemented in 1972.

Ans 6. Orissa was the first state to pass the resolution of Joint Forest Management (JFM).

Ans 7. Three steps taken by the government for the conservation of flora and fauna are:

The government implemented the wildlife protection Act in 1972.
Started many projects such as project tiger, project Rhino etc.
Opened many National parks and sanctuaries.

Ans 8. C ommunities have played a major role in the conservation and protection of the forests and wildlife in India.

In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act.
The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared 1,200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’,
Certain communities consider many plants and animals as sacred and do not cause any harm to them.

Picture Based Questions From Forests and Wildlife Resources – Answers

Shri Bhupendra Yadav (IAS and Current Environment and Forest Minister of India)
Shri Sunder Lal Bahuguna. (Initiated the Chipko Movement in the Himalayas)
Black Panther,

Assertion and Reason Based Questions – Answers

Long answer type questions from forests and wildlife resources – answers.

Joint Forest Management (JFM) is a participatory approach to forest management that involves collaboration between local communities and the government.

Here are five key points about Joint Forest Management:

Collaborative Approach:

To cooperatively manage and conserve forest resources, collaborative forest management brings together local communities and the forest department.

it recognises their importance as stakeholders in the process.

Shared Responsibilities:

The forest department and local communities split responsibilities and rewards under JFM.

The communities provide their traditional knowledge, and labor, while the forest department offers technical help, resources, and direction.

Sustainable Resource Use:

By include local communities in the decision-making process, Joint Forest Management encourages the sustainable use of forest resources.

Enhancing Livelihoods:

JFM acknowledges the value of trees for regional residents’ way of life.

By integrating people in endeavors like non-timber forest produce gathering, eco-tourism, and small-scale forestry enterprises.

This further, seeks to improve the economic situation of communities by generating alternate sources of income.

Community Empowerment:

By providing local people a say in forest-related decisions, joint forest management empowers them.

Communities play a crucial role in the conservation of forests and wildlife in India. Here are five key points highlighting their role:

Traditional Knowledge and Practices:

Communities have inherited traditional knowledge and methods through many centuries.

Therefore, their understanding of medicinal plants, resource management, and ecological balance can support successful conservation initiatives.

Protection and Surveillance:

The first line of defence against illicit activities like poaching, logging, and encroachment is communities that are close to woods.

Therefore, they monitor and patrol forest regions and notifying forest authorities of any questionable actions.

Communities support the preservation of forests and wildlife through sustainable practises such the gathering of non-timber forest products, agroforestry,

and ethical hunting.

Therefore, they are naturally motivated to keep them safe and manage them responsibly.

Conservation Initiatives and Partnerships:

Community-led reforestation, habitat restoration, and the creation of community-managed conservation areas are all part of these programs.

Communities become caretakers of their natural resources by taking ownership of these efforts.

Awareness and Education:

Local communities frequently lead awareness campaigns and programs for environmental education.

Therefore, communities aid in developing a culture of conservation by disseminating information and encouraging ethical conduct.

Ans. Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms present on Earth, including all species of plants, animals, and microorganisms,

as well as the ecosystems in which they live.

Here are five simple and short points highlighting the importance of biodiversity for human life:

Ecosystem services:

Biodiversity provides essential services that support human well-being, such as clean air and water, fertile soil for agriculture.

Food security:

Biodiversity is crucial for our food supply. It includes diverse crops, livestock, and marine organisms that contribute to nutrition, genetic resilience, and

adaptation to changing environmental conditions.

Medicine and health:

Many of our medicines come from natural sources, including plants and microorganisms found in diverse ecosystems.

Biodiversity is a vital source of potential future medical breakthroughs and plays a role in maintaining overall human health.

Economic value:

Also, Supports various economic sectors, such as tourism, fisheries, forestry, and agriculture.

Therefore, It generates income and employment opportunities, contributing to local and global economies.

Cultural and recreational value:

Biodiversity enriches our lives in numerous ways.

Moreover, It provides aesthetic beauty, recreational activities, and cultural significance, fostering a sense of connection with nature.

Project Tiger was started in India in 1973 with the intention of protecting the critically endangered Bengal tiger.

It was a reaction to the severe tiger population decline brought on by widespread poaching and habitat destruction.

The project focuses on developing tiger reserves, which are protected places with strict regulations in place to protect tigers and their habitats.

These protected areas offer tigers a place to breed and prosper.

The effectiveness of Project Tiger in boosting tiger populations has made it a global role model for protecting wildlife.

It serves as a reminder of India’s dedication to protecting its diverse biodiversity and iconic species today.

The Government of India has implemented various initiatives to conserve and protect the flora and fauna in the country. Here are five significant initiatives:

Wildlife Protection Act:

The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 provides legal protection to wildlife and their habitats.

It prohibits hunting, poaching, and trade of endangered species, and establishes protected areas like national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.

Project Tiger:

Launched in 1973, Project Tiger aims to protect the endangered Bengal tiger.

Moreover, It establishes tiger reserves across the country and focuses on habitat conservation, and anti-poaching efforts.

National Afforestation Program:

The National Afforestation Program (NAP) was launched in 2002 to increase India’s forest cover.

Moreover, It emphasizes afforestation, reforestation, and sustainable management of forests.

Green India Mission:

The Green India Mission (GIM), launched in 2014, is a national initiative for afforestation, reforestation, and forest conservation.

Therefore, It aims to increase forest cover, restore degraded forests, and enhance ecosystem services.

National Biodiversity Authority:

The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) was established under the Biological Diversity Act of 2002.

Moreover, It works to conserve India’s biological diversity by regulating access to biological resources.

In conclusion, the Forest and Wildlife Resources worksheet provides students of class 10 with a comprehensive understanding of the importance of forests and wildlife in our ecosystem. Through a variety of question formats, including short and long answer types, picture-based queries, assertion and reason-based exercises, and current affairs with solutions, this worksheet encourages students to think critically and deepen their knowledge. Overall, the Forest and Wildlife Resources worksheet equips students with the knowledge and skills necessary to appreciate and protect these invaluable resources, fostering a sense of responsibility towards the environment for a sustainable future.

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Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers

CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources Extra Questions and Answers is available here. Students can learn and download PDF of these questions for free. These extra questions and answers are prepared by our expert teachers as per the latest NCERT textbook and guidelines. Learning these questions will help you to score excellent marks in the board exams.

Resources and Development Class 10 Extra Questions Geography Chapter 2

Very short answer type questions.

1. What is biodiversity? Answer: It is the sum total of all the varieties of species of plants, animals and microorganisms living on the earth.

2. What is flora? Answer: Plants of particular region or period are referred to as flora.

3. What is fauna? Answer: Species of animals of a particular region or period are referred as fauna.

4. “India is one of the world’s richest countries in terms of its vast array of biological diversity”. Justify. Answer: India has nearly 8% of the total number of species in the world.

5. What is IUCN? [CBSE 2013] Answer: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

6. What are normal species? [CBSE.2014] Answer: Species whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival are classified as normal species.

7. What are endemic species? Answer: Species which are found in some particular areas usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers.

8. What are endangered species? Answer: The species, which are in danger of extinction are called endangered species.

9. What are vulnerable species? Answer: The species whose population has declined to levels from where it is likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if the negative factors continue to operate.

10. What are extinct species? Answer: The species which are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they may occur.

11. Give two examples of rare species? Answer: (i) Wild Asiatic buffalo (ii) Hombill

12. Categorise the following as endangered or vulnerable species- Asiatic elephant, Indian Rhino. Answer: (i) Asiatic elephant – Vulnerable species. (ii) Indian Rhino – Endangered species.

13. Categorise the following as extinct or normal species- Pine, Asiatic Cheetah. Answer: (i) Pine – Normal species (ii) Asiatic Cheetah – Extinct species

14. Categorise the following as endemic and endangered species- Lion tailed macaque, Nicobar Pigeon. Answer: (i) Lion tailed macaque – Endangered. (ii) Nicobar pigeon – Endemic.

15. Mention any two factors responsible for depleting our forests and wildlife. Answer: (i) Expansion of agriculture (ii) Mining

16. Name the Tiger Reserve which is seriously threatened by dolomite mining activity. Answer: The Bauxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal.

17. Mention a social impact of deforestation.

Answer: In many societies, women bear the major responsibility of collection of fuel, fodder, water and other basic subsistence needs. As these resources are depleted, the drudgery of women increases and sometimes they have to walk for more than 10 km to collect these resources.

18. Mention any wildlife protection programme? Answer: The Indian Wildlife Act 1972.

19. Mention any one step which was undertaken under Indian Wildlife Act to protect the wildlife. Answer: Trade in wildlife was declared illegal.

20. What are permanent forests? Answer: Reserved and protected forests are known as permanent forests.

21. Which state has the largest area under permanent forests? Answer: Madhya Pradesh. * .

22. Name any two states which’ have large percentage of reserved forests of its forest area. [CBSE 2014] Answer: Jammu and Kashmir and Andhra Pradesh.

23. Name any two states which have bulk of its forests area under protected forests. Answer: Punjab and Haryana.

24. Name any two states which have bulk of its forests area under unclassed forests. Answer: Assam and Tripura.

25. Name the place of state where people have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act. Answer: Sariska Tiger Reserve – Rajasthan.

26. What is Chipko Movement? Answer: It was a movement launched by the people of the Himalayas against deforest.

27. Name any two farmers/citizens group which have shown that adequate levels of diversified crop production without use of synthetic chemicals are possible and economically viable. Answer: Beej Bachao Andolan and Navdanya

28. What is JFM? Answer: JFM (Joint Forest Management) was a movement launched to manage and restore degraded forests by involving the local communities.

29. Name the state which was first to pass the JFM resolution. [CBSE 2014] Answer: Odisha

30. Name any four movements which were launched by local communities for the protection of forests or wildlife. Answer: (a) Chipko Movement (b) Beej Bachao Andolan (c) Narmada Bachao Andolan (d) Bhairodev Dakav Sonchuri

Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is biodiversity? [CBSE Sept. 2012]

Answer: Biodiversity is the sum total of all the varieties of species of plants, animals and micro-organisms living on the earth. It also includes the habitat in which they live. Some scientists estimate that more than 10 million species live on our earth and some believe that this number can be more than 100 million.

2. What is importance of forests? Or “Forests play a key role in the ecological system.” Highlight the value of forests in our life. [CBSE Sept. 2013] Or Why is it necessary to increase the area of forest in India? [CBSE 2013]

Answer: (i) Forests play a key role in the ecological system as these are the primary producers on which all other living beings depend. (ii) Many forest dependent communities directly depend on them for food, drink, medicine, culture, spirituality etc. (iii) Forest provide us timber. (iv) Forests also provide bamboo, wood for fuel, grass, charcoal, fruits, flowers, etc.

3. “The diverse flora and fauna of India is under threat”. Justify by giving reasons.

Answer: (i) At least 10% of India’s recorded wild flora and 20% of its mammals are on the threatened list. (ii) The cheetah, pink-headed duck, mountain quail, forest spotted owlet, and plants like madhuca insignis (a wild variety of mahua) and hubbardia heptaneuron (a species of grass) have already been categorised as critical, i.e. they are on the verge of extinction. (iii) Many smaller animals like insects and plants have become extinct.

4. What are Normal species? How are these different from endangered species. Give four examples.

Answer: Normal species are the species whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival, such as cattle, sal, pine, rodents, etc. Whereas the endangered species are the species which are in danger of extinction. The survival of such species is difficult if the negative factors that have led to a decline in their population continue to operate. Black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, lion tailed macaque, etc., are examples of endangered species.

5. What are Vulnerable species? Give four examples. [CBSE Sept. 2012]

Answer: These are the species whose population has declined to levels from where it is likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if the negative factors continue to operate such species. The examples of such species are Blue sheep, Asiatic elephant, Gangetic dolphin, etc.

6. What are Rare species? Give four examples. [CBSE Sept. 2012]

Answer: Species with small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category if the negative factors affecting them continue to operate. The examples of such species are the Himalayan brown bear, Wild Asiatic buffalo, Desert fox and hornbill, etc.

7. What are Endemic species? Give four examples.

Answer: The species which are only found in some particular region usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers. The examples of such species are the Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild pig, etc.

8. What are Extinct species? Give four examples.

Answer: These species which are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they may occur. These species may be extinct from a local area, region, country, continent or the whole earth. The examples of such species are the Asiatic cheetah, pink headed duck, etc.

9. Large scale development projects have also contributed significantly to the loss of forests. Explain.

Answer: (i) Since 1951, over 5,000 square kilometres of forests were cleared for river valley projects. (ii) Clearing of forests is still continuing because of new projects like the Sardar Sarovar Project, the Ranjit Sagar Dam Project, etc. Many wildlife sanctuaries are seriously threatened due to large scale mining activities.

10. (i) Which factor is often cited as the cause of environmental degradation in the third world countries? (ii) Mention any four factors which have led to the decline of India’s biodiversity.

Answer: (i) Overpopulation. (ii) (a) Habitat destruction (b) Hunting (c) Poaching (d) Overexploitation (e) Environmental pollution (f) Forest fires.

11. “Developed countries and rich people are considered the major factors for environmental degradation.” Explain.

Answer: (i) Developed countries consume more resources than underdeveloped or developing countries. For example an average American consumes 40 times more resources than an average Somalian. (ii) The rich class probably causes more ecological damage than the poor class because energy consumption level of the rich is high as compared to poor. (iii) Rich people use non-renewable resources on a large scale.

12. “Grazing and fuel-wood collection are not responsible for deforestation in India.” Support the statement with suitable reasons. [CBSE 2013]

Answer: (i) Overgrazing destroys the saplings and plants are tom out by the roots by animals. (ii) Overgrazing also leads to soil erosion. Soil erosion is one of the important factor for deforestation. (iii) While collecting fuel wood the locals also destroy the trees, which leads to deforestation.

13. “The conservation projects are now focusing on biodiversity rather than on a few of its components.” Explain.

Answer: (i) Inclusion of small insects and other animals in planning : Under the new plans, even insects and other smaller species of animals are beginning to find a place in conservation planning. (ii) New notifications : In the notification under the Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies, moths, beetles, and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species. In 1991, for the first time, plants were also added to the list, starting with six species.

14. With reference to the type and distribution of forests, answer the following questions: (i) How are they classified? (ii) Which type of forests are regarded most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources are concerned?

Answer: (i) (a) Reserved forests (b) Protected forests (c) Unclassed forests. (ii) Reserved forests.

15 Define the following: (i) Reserved forests (ii) Protected forests (iii) Unclassed forests Or How many types of forests are classified in India? Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2010]

Answer: (i) Reserved forests : These are forests which are permanently earmarked either to the production of timber or other forest produce and in which right of grazing and cultivation is seldom allowed. (ii) Protected forests : These are forests in which the right of grazing and cultivation are allowed subject to a few minor restrictions. (iii) Unclassed forests : These consist largely of inaccessible forests or unoccupied wastes.

16. (a) What was the Chipko Movement? (b) What is JFM? What is its objective? (c) Name the state which took initiative for the Joint Forest Management.

Answer: (a) (i) The movement was launched in the Himalayas against deforestation. (ii) The movement has also shown the community afforestation with indigenous species can be enormously successful. (iii) The movement has highlighted the role of local communities in forest conservations. (b) It is Joint Forest Management. It is programme which involves local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests. (c) Odisha.

17. (i) Name any two states which have the largest area under permanent forests (ii) Name any four states which have a large area under reserved forests. (ii) Name any four states which have the large area under unclassed forests.

Answer: (i) (a) Madhya Pradesh (b) Jharkhand (ii) (a) Jammu and Kashmir (b) Andhra Pradesh (c) Uttarakhand (d) Kerala (iii) (a) Gujarat (b) Manipur (c) Assam (d) Sikkim

18. ‘India has rich flora and fauna.’ Explain.

Answer: (i) India is one of the world’s richest countries in terms of its vast array of biological diversity. (ii) It has nearly 8% of the total number of species in the world. (1.6 million approximately.) (iii) Of the estimated 47,000 plant species, about 15,000 flowering species are indigenous to India.

19- Mining is one of the major important factors responsible for deforestation. Explain.

Answer: (i) Mining operation needs big machines, labour, roads, railways, etc. All these lead to deforestation. (ii) The Buxar Tiger Reserve in West Bengal is seriously threatened due to mining operations. The mining operations have caused severe ecological damage to the Reserve and region around. (iii) The mining activities have blocked the migration route of several species, including the great Indian elephants, thus, disturbing their natural habitat.

20. What are the main objectives of JFM? [CBSE Sept. 2012, 2014]

Answer: (i) Under the Joint Forest Management programme, local communities are involved in the management and restoration of degraded forests. (ii) The major purpose of the JFM is to protect the forests from encroachments, grazing, theft and fire and also to improve the forests in accordance with an approved Joint Forest Management plan. (iii) In return, the members of these communities are entitled to intermediary benefits like non-timber forest produces.

21. Highlight any three differences between endangered species and extinct species. [CBSE Sept. 2010]

Answer: Endangered species 1. These are species which are in danger of extinction. 2. The survival of such species is difficult if the negative factors that have led to decline in their population continue to operate. 3. Black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, lion tailed macaque etc., are examples of endangered species.

Extinct species 1. These are species which are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they may occur. 2. A species may be extinct from a local area, region, country, continent or the entire earth. 3. Asiatic cheetah, pink head duck are examples of extinct species.

22 What has been the contribution of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act in protecting habitats in India? Explain. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]

Answer: (i) An all-India list of protected species was published. The thrust of the programme was towards protecting the remaining population of certain endangered species by banning hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats, and restricting trade in wildlife.

(ii) The central government also announced several projects for protecting specific animals, which were greatly threatened, including the tiger, the one-horned rhinoceros, the Kashmir stag or hangul, three types of crocodiles—fresh water crocodile, saltwater crocodile and the Gharial, the Asiatic lion, and others.

(iii) Many national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and bioreserves were established to protect and conserve the wildlife.

23. How does biological loss of forest and wildlife correlate with loss of cultural diversity? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]

Answer: (i) Biological loss of forest and wildlife has increasingly marginalised and impoverished many indigenous and other forest dependent communities, who directly depend on various components of the forest and wildlife for food, drink, medicine, culture, spirituality, etc. (ii) The indirect impact of degradation such as severe drought or deforestation-induced floods, etc., also hits the poor the hardest. Poverty in these cases is a direct outcome of environmental destruction. (iii) Due to biological loss of forest and wildlife many tribal communities have disappeared.

24. “Nature-worship is an old age belief”. Explain how has it helped in the conservation of forests and wildlife. [CBSE Sept. 2013]

Answer: (i) Nature-worship is an age old tribal belief based on the premise that all creations of nature have to be protected. Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in pristine form called Sacred Groves (the forests of God and Goddesses). These patches of forest or parts,of large forests have been left untouched by the local people and any interference with them is banned.

(ii) The Mundas and the Santhal of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua (Bassia latifolia) and kadamba (Anthocaphalus cadamba) trees, and the tribals of Odisha and Bihar worship the tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and mango (Mangifera indica) trees during weddings.

(iii) Peepal and banyan trees are also considered sacred and worshipped in most parts of India.

(iv) Sacred qualities are often ascribed to springs, mountain peaks, plants and animals which are closely protected.

(v) In and around Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan, herds of blackbuck, (chinkara), nilgai and peacocks can be seen as an integral part of the community and nobody harms them.

25. What is Himalayan Yew? Why is it under great threat at present? [CBSE 2012]

Answer: The Himalayan Yew is a medicinal plant which is found in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh. (i) It is under great threat due to over-exploitation. (ii) A chemical compound called ‘taxol’ is extracted from the bark, needles, twigs and roots of this tree. (iii) So, it is now biggest selling anti-cancer drug in the world.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. “Conservation of rapid decline in wildlife population and forestry has become essential.” Explain. Or Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife resources? Explain any two steps taken by the communities to protect our forest and wildlife resources. [CBSE 2013] Or Why is conservation of forests and wildlife necessary? In what way have conservation projects changed in the recent years? [CBSE 2010] Or Assess the need for the conservation of forests and wildlife in India. [CBSE 2012]

Answer: (i) Loss of cultural diversity : The loss of forest and wildlife is not just a biological issue but it is also correlated with cultural diversity. There are many forests-dependent communities, which directly depend on various components of the forests and wildlife for food, drinks, medicines, etc. Many of tribal communities like Muria Gonds, Dhurwas, Bhatras, etc. have lost their habitat because of the destruction of forests.

(ii) Complex web of living organisms : We humans along with all living organisms form a complex web ecological system in which we are only a part and very much dependent on this system for our own existence. For example, the plants, animals and micro-organisms recreate the quality of the air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil that produce our food without which we cannot survive.

(iii) Large scale destruction of forests : Between 1951 and 1980, according to the Forest Survey of India, over 26,200 s km of forest areas were converted into agricultural lands all over India.

2. Describe the different types of plant and animal species found in India. [CBSE 2013] Or Explain any five different categories of existing plants and animal species based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources with examples. [CBSE 2013]

Answer: (i) Normal species : These include those whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival, such as cattle, sal, pine, rodents etc.

(ii) Endangered species : These include those species which are in danger of extinction. The several of such species is difficult if the negative factors that have led to a decline in their population continue to operate. For example, black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, etc.

(iii) Vulnerable species : These include the species whose population has declined to levels from where it is likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if the negative factors continue to operate. For example, blue sheep, gangetic dolphin etc.

(iv) Rare species : They may move into the endangered or vulnerable category for example, blue bear, wild Asiatic buffalo.

(v) Endemic species : These are found in some particular areas usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers. For example, Andaman teal, Nicobar prigo.

3. What steps have been taken by the government for the conservation of forest and wildlife in India? Explain. [CBSE 2014] Or Write any three effective practices towards conserving forests and wildlife. [CBSE Sept. 2010] Or Explain any three measures taken by the Indian Government to protect wildlife. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]

Answer: (i) National parks, biosphere and wildlife sanctuaries : To protect the biodiversity, the Indian government has established 100 national parks, 515 sanctuaries and 17 biosphere reserves.

(ii) The Indian Wildlife Protection Act : The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972, with various provisions for protecting habitats. An all India list of protected species was also published. The thrust of the programme was towards protecting the remaining population of certain endangered species by banning hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats and restricting trade in wildlife.

(iii) Projects for protecting specific animals : The central government has also announced several projects for protecting specific animals which were greatly threatened, including the tiger, the one-horned rhinoceros, the Kashmir stag or hangul, the three types of crocodiles – the freshwater crocodile, the saltwater crocodile and the Gharial, the Asiatic lion and others.

(iv) Forest Policy : India is one of the few countries which has a forest policy since 1894. It was revised in 1952 and again in 1988. The main plank of the forest policy is protection, conservation and development of forests.

(v) Forest Research Institutes : Indian government has created many forest Research Institutes for the research, protection and development of the forests. IFS Dehradun is the oldest research institution of the country.

4. Distinguish between Reserved forests, Protected forests and Unclassed forests. Or Classify the forests into three categories. [CBSE 2014]

Answer:

5. “Conservation projects have changed their focus in the recent years.” Explain. [CBSE 2014] Or In what ways the conservation project has changed in the recent years?

Answer: The conservation projects are now focusing on biodiversity rather than on a few of its components. There is now a more intensive search for different conservation measures. Increasingly, even insects are beginning to find a place in conservation planning. In the notification under Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies, moths, beetles and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species. In 1991, for the first time plants were also added to the list, starting with six species. The clear lesson from the dynamics of both environmental destruction and reconstruction in India is that local communities everywhere have to be involved in some kind of natural resource management.

6. “Maintenance of ecological system is of utmost importance.” How can you contribute to conserve it and what values are developed through this activity? [CBSE 2014]

Answer: (i) We humans along with all living organisms form a complex web of ecological system in which we are only a part and very much dependent on this system for our own existence. For example, the plants, animals and micro-organisms re-create the quality of the air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil that produces our food without which we cannot survive. Forests play a key role in the ecological system as these are also the primary producers on which all other living beings depend.

(ii) We should save our environment by switching to green technology and by contributing less to the emission of carbon dioxide. (iii) We should plant more and more trees, say no to plastic bags, travel by public transport, etc. (iv) It will improve the quality of our lives as well as our children and will save our money to switch to alternate sources for power.

HOTS Questions and Answers

1. How has the IUCN classified the existing animals? [CBSE Sept. 2014]

Answer: 1. Normal Species 2. Endangered Species 3. Vulnerable Species 4. Rare Species 5. Endemic Species 6. Extinct Species

2. Classify the following animals according to the IUCN. Asiatic Cheetah, Nicobar Pigeon, Asiatic Elephant, Blue Sheep, Indian Rhino.

Answer: (i) Endangered – Indian Rhino (ii) Vulnerable – Asiatic Elephant, Blue Sheep (iii) Endemic – Nicobar Pigeon (iv) Extinct – Asiatic Cheetah

3. What is ‘Project Tiger’? When was it launched? Mention any four tiger reserves of India. Or Write a brief note on ‘Project Tiger’. [CBSE Sept. 2010]

Answer: Project Tiger was a wildlife conservation project initiated in India in 1973 to protect the Bengal Tiger. There are more than 42 tiger reserves in India covering an area of about 37,761 s km. Four Tiger Reserves in India are : (i) The Corbett National Park – Uttarakhand (ii) The Sunderban National Fbrk – West Bengal (iii) The Manas Tiger Reserve – Assam (iu) The Periyar Tiger Reserve – Kerala

4. The greatest damage inflicted on Indian forests was due to the extension of agriculture. Explain. Suggest any two ways to increase area under forests.

Answer: (i) The expansion of agriculture started during the colonial period. (ii) Between 1951 and 1980, according to the Forest Survey of India, over 26,200 s km of forest areas were converted into agricultural lands all over India. (iii) Substantial parts of the tribal belts, especially in the north-eastern and central India, have been deforested or degraded by Shifting Cultivation (jhum), a type of ‘slash and burn’ agricultural method. Suggestions : (i) Planting more trees (ii) Celebrating Van Mahotsav at community and school level.

5. Give three reasons why we need to save the biodiversity of our planet. How can you contribute in the given cause? [CBSE Sept. 2012, 2013] Or Explain the importance of biodiversity for human beings. [CBSE 2010, 14]

Answer: (i) We humans along with all living organisms form a complex web of ecological system in which we are only a part and very much dependent on this system for our own existence. For example, the plants, animals and micro-organisms recreate the quality of the air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil that produces our food without which we cannot survive. (ii) The destruction of forests and wildlife is not just a biological issue. The biological loss is strongly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity. (iii) It also preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals for better growth of species and breeding.

Our contribution : (i) Minimising wastage of resources. (ii) Use Jute bags. (iii) Planting more trees.

6. Mention any four major threats to the population of tiger? Explain the efforts made by the government to protect them. [CBSE 2013]

Answer: (i) Poaching for trade (ii) Shrinking habitat (iii) Depletion of prey base species (iv) Growing human population (v) The trade of tiger skins and the use of their bones in transitional medicines, especially in the Asian countries left the tiger population on the verge of extinction.

Efforts made by the government to protect them are as under : (i) Project Tiger, one of the well-publicised wildlife campaigns in the world, was launched in 1973. (ii) There are 42 tiger reserves in India covering an area of 37,761 sq km. (iii) Tiger conservation had been viewed not only as an effort to save an endangered species, but with equal importance as a means of preserving bio types of sizeable magnitude. (iv) Some of the tiger reserves of India are Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, Sunderbans National Park in West Bengal etc.

7. Explain the social impacts of loss of forests. Or “Forest and wildlife are vital to the quality of life and environment in the subcontinent.” Explain. [CBSE 2012, 2013]

Answer: (i) Loss of cultural diversity : The loss of forest and wildlife is not just a biological issue but it is also correlated with cultural diversity. There are many forests-dependent communities, which directly depend on various components of the forests and wildlife for food, drinks, medicines, etc. Many of tribal communities like Muria Gonds, Dhurwas, Bhatras, etc., have lost their habitat because of the destruction of forests.

(ii) Impact on women : Even among the poor, women are affected more than men. In many societies, women bear the major responsibility of collection of fuel, fodder, water and other basic needs. As these resources are depleted, the drudgery of women increases. Most of the time they have to walk for more than 10 km to collect the basic necessities. This causes serious health problems for women in the negligence of home and children because of the increased hours of work, which often has serious social implications.

(iii) Poverty : Deforestation is also responsible for poverty. It is considered as a direct outcome of environmental destruction. Most of the poor people or tribal people depend on forests for their basic needs. Now if the forests are destroyed, these poor people will be deprived of the basic necessities.

8. Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India. What moral lessons you have learnt from this? [CBSE 2014]

Answer: (i) In Sariska Tiger Reserve : Rajasthani villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act. In many areas, villagers themselves are protecting habitats and explicitly rejecting government involvement.

(ii) The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared about 1,200 hectares of forest area as the ‘Bhairodev Dakav Sonchuri. The community has declared their own set of rules and regulations which do not allow hunting and are protecting the wildlife against any outside encroachments.

(iii) Many states have launched the Joint Forest Management programme to involve local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests. Odisha was the first state to launch this programme.

(iv) Improper farming techniques, defective methods of farming are also responsible for depletion of our biodiversity. So many farmers and citizen groups support the Bee) Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya have developed or are using various crop production methods which do not use synthetic chemicals for growing crops.

(v) The famous Chipko Movement was launched by the women of Chamoli in northern India, saved more than 12,000 s km. area of forests just by hugging the trees when the lumberjacks attempted to cut them.

Moral lessons : • Conservation strategies can be successful only with the participation of local people. • The clear lesson from the dynamics of both environmental destruction and reconstruction in India is that local communities everywhere have to be involved in some kind of natural resource management. But there is still a long way to go before local communities are at the centre-stage in decision making. Accept only those economic or developmental activities, that are people centric, environment-friendly and economically rewarding.

9. Which values do the wildlife sanctuaries of any country promote? [CBSE 2013]

Answer: (i) Wildlife sanctuaries have been formed to conserve and maintain the diversity and integrity of natural heritage. (ii) They help to preserve natural ecosystem. (iii) They teach us the value of sharing because we humans along with all living organisms form a complex web of ecological system in which we are only a part and very much dependent on this system for our own existence.

10. List any three examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you. [CBSE 2013]

Answer: (i) Polluted air and water : Industries and vehicles release harmful gases and chemicals which are responsible for degradation of water and air. (ii) Land degradation : Overuse of fertilisers and chemicals have resulted in land degradation. (iii) Loss of biodiversity: Habitat destruction, hunting, poaching has led to the decline in biodiversity.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Chapter 2 - Forest And Wildlife Resources
NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter 2 - PDF Download

When it comes to education, students need to stay ahead of their peers. Hence they need to have some additional help in this case. The 2nd Chapter of the Class 10 Social Science book is Forest and Wildlife Resources. It is a very detailed and important chapter for students of Class 10 as they can learn a lot about topics such as Flora and Fauna surrounding India. It also elaborates on different types of species that are present in the country. With the NCERT Solutions Class 10 Geography Chapter 2, students will be able to raise more and more awareness about the conservation of forests as well as the wildlife in India. The chapter also discusses a lot of Project Tiger and how they are an endangered species. Students who are having some difficulty in following through the classes can try NCERT Solution for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 available right here. Subjects like Science, Social Science Contemporary India, English,Hindi and Social Science will become easy to study if you have access to NCERT Solution for Class 10 Science , Social Science Contemporary India solutions and solutions of other subjects. You can also download NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths to help you to revise complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

In this chapter, students will learn about the following important topics:

Indian Flora and Fauna

Various Types of Species

Conservating Forests and Wildlife in India

Project Tiger

Forest and Wildlife Resources - Types and Distribution

Community and Conservation

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter 2 - Forest and Wildlife Resources PDF will be updated soon!

Related Chapters

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 PDF Download

Ch 2 Geography Class 10 deals with several important topics such as the types and differentiation of the wildlife resources along with the forests. Also, there are some essential topics of conservation and community preservation that can provide students with enough trivia. Learning about all this from NCERT solution Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 can help students know more about the environment and help them preserve it in the best way.

That is one of the main reasons why you need to try out the Geography Ch 2 Class 10 Solutions provided by Vedantu right now. This is the perfect place to find resources and solutions which are going to help you score good marks in the exams and perform well in class. Our solutions for Class 10th Geography Chapter 2 are carefully created by some of the most experienced minds here at Vedantu. The team of teachers trusted with the task of forming NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 is deserving since they have been in the teaching profession for a very long time. So, waste no time and start downloading the solutions right now.

Contemporary India is an important book for students of Class 10. With the help of the SST Ch 2 Geography Class 10 Solutions, you can get a better idea of the chapter and impress your teachers. Following are some of the main reasons why you need to make sure that you prepare from Ch 2 Geography Class 10 NCERT Solutions:

It can be time-consuming to ask teachers for answers to questions that are related to a particular topic. Instead of waiting to get these questions answered, students can now simply use our NCERT Solutions to get the job done. They can revise the chapter and get prepared to solve the questions directly in the exam. This will allow students to stay ahead in class when it comes to exam preparation.

Vedantu’s NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter 2 will definitely help students to quickly cover the crux of the chapter and get on with solving the important questions related to the same. Students are advised to make full use of these solutions to score well in their Social Science exam.

Why Choose NCERT Solution Class 10 Geography Chapter 2?

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Contemporary India Chapter 2 offered by Vedantu is quite popular amongst students. These solutions are created in compliance with all the CBSE guidelines and the marking scheme. The best teachers are employed to provide you with the most accurate and detail-oriented answers. So, you get the answers to some of the most important questions mentioned in the chapter.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Contemporary India

Chapter 1 - Resources and Development

Chapter 2 - Forest and Wildlife Resources

Chapter 3 - Water Resources

Chapter 4 - Agriculture

Chapter 5 - Minerals and Energy Resources

Chapter 6 - Manufacturing Industries

Chapter 7 - Lifelines of National Economy

FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Chapter 2 - Forest And Wildlife Resources

1. How to Prepare for the Exams with Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions?

Students need to focus on the lectures which are given by the teachers in class. This, combined with SST Ch 2 Geography Class 10 solutions, can help them prepare for the exams in the best way without any hassle.

2. How can one Download NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2?

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 is available for download on Vedantu’s application and website where these are created by experienced teachers. The solutions are available in the PDF format and can be downloaded very easily.

3. What is Chapter 2 of Class 10 Contemporary India about?

The theme of the chapter revolves around forest and wildlife resources. The chapter introduces you firstly to the scientific terms of flora and fauna and their essentiality. The chapter also describes the terms such as endangered, vulnerable, and rare species. The chapter also explains the factors that had led to the depletion and destruction of natural resources. The chapter ends with educating us on how they can be preserved as well as the government initiatives for conserving them.

4. How can I study the chapter Forest and Wildlife Resources on my own?

The chapter contains important terms, concepts, measures, and initiatives that one might forget if they do not prepare it in the right manner or are too confident that they don't invest proper time in the chapter. You can do the chapter on your own in an easy and simple manner. Just follow these steps: read the chapter, underline important points, jot down notes, definitions, and terms in a notebook and go through them again and again.

5. Is the chapter Forest and Wildlife important from the exam perspective?

The importance of a chapter should never be gauged from the exam’s perspective. What is more important are the core concepts mentioned and described in the chapter for the sole purpose of enhancing your knowledge. But to answer the question: yes. The chapter contains important terms, definitions, protected areas, and the measures taken by the government. Questions from the chapter will surely feature in your question paper.

6. What can I learn from the answers provided by Vedantu?

The answers by Vedantu are crafted after extensive and thorough research and analysis of the syllabus as well as the trend of the past years’ papers. The answers prepared by the expert faculty will allow you to understand how you must write an answer to satisfy the demand of the question and thereby hitting the bull’s eye. Another important thing that you will learn is how to present the answer, keep it precise and concise. You will also learn the importance of using the right terminology.

7. What factors have led to declining in the quantity and quality of flora and fauna?

There are numerous factors that have together contributed to the depletion of the flora and fauna of our nation. They are:

The exploitation of resources during the colonial period

Poaching and hunting of animals

Clearing of forests for various development projects

Deforestation due to mining

Impact of shifting cultivation in the densely forested areas

Feeling of trees for agriculture expansion

Grazing and fuelwood collection

Impact of forest fires

We are interconnected with the larger ecosystem of which we are but just a part. The stability and continuity of the ecological system depend on the survival and sustenance of every single part.

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CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Revision Notes Chapter 2

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CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Notes – Forest And Wildlife Resources

Biodiversity is incredibly varying on Earth, and it operates interdependently. The system works closely as a network in a knit form for sustaining the ecosystem. India has the world’s most extensive known biodiversity, thriving on the land.

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Biodiversity has a wide variety of flora and fauna. An ecosystem or an ecological system is the biological community where all the different living organisms interact and are interdependent. Biodiversity is of utmost importance for ecological balance, species coexistence, economic and ecological development, availability of resources, spirits, and recreational pursuits.

The CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Notes by Extramarks will help students prepare for their board examinations. The notes are curated by subject matter experts, which means they are accurate and reliable. Students can access the notes on the website of Extramarks.

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Revision Notes for the Year 2022-23

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Forest And Wildlife Resources

All the species in an ecological system are interdependent for their survival. Forests play a vital role in the ecological system. This is because they are primary producers, on which all other living organisms depend. The human race can access cultural, scientific, and recreational growth through tourism, medicines, and spirituality through biodiversity. It also provides dyes, rubber, wood, and all other products which are helpful to the human race.

India is known to have one of the richest biodiversity arrays. But unfortunately, due to insensitivity towards the environment, many species are on the threatening list. The species on the verge of extinction are called critical species. However, we must take sustainable measures to save our forest and wildlife resources.

Flora And Fauna

IUCN stands for the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. It is a global authority that surveys the natural world. It also takes the necessary steps to safeguard natural resources. According to the list of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and the CBSE syllabus, we can classify the species as follows:

The Normal Species: they have a population level normal for survival. For example, rodents, pine, and many more.
The Endangered Species: Such species are in danger of extinction. They will, however, likely decline if the current circumstances continue to work against them. Some common endangered species include rhinos, lion-tailed macaques, crocodiles, and many more. There are various factors which lead to the decline of the population of these species. The survival rate of species is meagre.
The Vulnerable Species: this category of species is vulnerable to falling on the list of endangered species or entering into the vulnerable category shortly if the same conditions prevail for their survival. For example, dolphins, blue sheep, Asiatic elephants, and many more. These species are likely to decline faster if the prevailing conditions are not favourable.
The Rare Species: This species category has a small population worldwide. They are also vulnerable to falling on the list of endangered species or entering into the vulnerable category shortly if the same conditions prevail for their survival—for example, hornbills, Asiatic buffalo, and many more. The decline of such a population is due to the unfavourable conditions of the ecosystem for the species.
The Endemic Species: This species category is only found in a limited geographical area. Some common examples of Endemic species are Nicobar pigeons, Andaman Teal, Mithun of Arunachal Pradesh, and Andaman wild pigs. Endemic species are isolated from the rest of the world because of natural and geographical barriers.
The Extinct Species: Such species are not likely to be found in the areas where they should be. For example, Pink Head duck, Asiatic cheetah, etc. Extinct species have entirely disappeared from their natural habitat.

Flora And Fauna In India

If you look around, you will find a wide variety of animals and plants. Flora depicts the plant population, while fauna depicts the animal population. India is one of the most diversified countries in terms of its vast arrangements for biological diversity. To summarise your CBSE revision notes, here is what you need to know about flora and fauna diversity.

As such, the healthy integration of flora and fauna into our daily life routines makes us take them for granted.
According to a recent study, around 10% of the flora and 20% of the fauna are on the list of threatened species. This is because, lately, we humans have been creating a lot of pressure and stress on these species.
Many flora and fauna are now on the verge of extinction and are considered critical. Some common examples of these critical species are: forest spotted owlet, pink-headed duck, mountain quail, cheetah, Madhuca insignis and many more.
A variety of organisations on international and national levels are working to keep up with the declining numbers of such critical species.
These organisations also work as conservationists and help in conserving these remarkable species.
Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF), Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), National Wildlife Federation, and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) are a few examples.

Conservation Of Forest And Wildlife In India

There are many reasons behind the decline of India’s rich flora and fauna. We should conserve our rich biodiversity because most of our daily routine is interconnected with most of these species. Hence, we must take special care of these organisms’ natural vegetation and habitats. Some significant reasons behind environmental degradation are:

From 1951 to 1980, around 26,200 sq. km, the land was transformed into agricultural land in India. This report is according to the Forest Survey of India. Many parts of the tribal belts, primarily in northeastern and central India, underwent deforestation. It was done to practise shifting cultivation by the farmers, a type of ‘slash and burn’ agriculture.
Since 1951, around 5,000 sq. km of forests have been cleared for the progression of river valley projects; One of the most prominent examples of such a river valley project is the Narmada Sagar Project in Madhya Pradesh.
Consistent mining causes deforestation on a large scale.
Also, the ongoing dolomite mining is presently threatening the Buxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal.
Factors like poaching, over-exploitation, hunting, pollution, forest fires and many more have become significant reasons for the decline of the vast biodiversity prevailing in Indian harbours.
Along with this, overpopulation in third-world countries is another significant cause of environmental degradation and forest depletion.

Conservation is the care and protection of precious natural resources so that they are available for future generations. Conservation helps in preventing excessive exploitation of natural resources by human beings. It also helps promote people’s awareness of the sustainable use of the resources. Along with this, it helps preserve the ecological balance of the environment. Moreover, it helps save plant species and fisheries for breeding in the future.

Conservation is essential as it helps in protecting and saving the environment. In turn, this preservation helps protect the ecosystem’s genetic diversity.
In 1972, the Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented, which made various provisions to protect habitats.
The Central Government has been announcing several projects for the protection of specific animals and plants that are endangered. These species include the one-horned rhino, the Kashmir stag, the freshwater crocodile, and the Gharial.
The government also provides partial or complete legal protection to animals like the Black Buck, Indian elephant, snow leopard, and many more, against extinction.

Project Tiger

In 1957, the tiger population was estimated at around 55,000, further declined by 1827 tigers in the same year. Because of this, the authorities had to take strict action against it.
Tigers are presently facing a significant issue and are on the verge of extinction because of the shrinkage of habitat, consistent growing human population, depletion of prey and poaching.
The trade of tiger skins in traditional medicines has left the tiger population on the verge of extinction.
Project Tiger was launched in 1973 as not only an effort to save the tigers but also to preserve the biotypes.
Some famous tiger reserves in India are Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, Sundarbans National Park in West Bengal, Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam, and Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala.

Types And Distribution Of Forest And Wildlife Resources

The forest resources can be classified as follows:

Reserved Forests – An essential part of forest conservation and wildlife. Around half of the total forest land falls under this category of reservation. These forests do not allow humans to hunt, poach, or do any other activity. They are the natural habitats of most wildlife species.
Protected Forests: The Forest Department has declared one-third of the total forest area a protected forest. It helps in saving the forests from further depletion. Such forests are also known as permanent forests. They help in controlling further degradation.
Unclassed Forests: Private individuals, governments, and communities have ownership of these lands. These areas mainly include the forests and wastelands. These forests do not belong to the reserved or protected categories. Such forests are found in parts of the northeastern state of Gujarat, India.

Community And Conservation

The Joint Forest Management programme involves local people and communities restoring the forests. It first originated in Orissa in 1988.
The introduction of the Chipko Movement has successfully managed to save the flora. Along with this, it has also brought people under one roof to protect the environment.
The Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya has helped people to stop using synthetic chemicals for good crop harvesting without using chemical fertilizers.
Blackbuck, Nilgai, and peacocks are an integral part of the Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan. Fortunately, they were not harmed or killed.
In the Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, the villagers are seen to fight against mining activities by citing the Wildlife Protection Act.
The Magus is worshipped by the Mundas and the Santhal of the Chota Nagpur region. On the other hand, tamarind and mangoes are worshipped by the tribes of Odisha and Bihar during wedding rituals.
The sacred groves not only have attached religious sentiments but also save wealth for the rare species. These beliefs have protected many virgin forests in their pristine form by the name of Sacred Groves (the forests of gods and goddesses).

Humans share this planet with many species, including flora and fauna. Unfortunately, due to the enormous wishes of the human race, the forests are undergoing constant depletion and degradation of wildlife. This will eventually affect biodiversity. The forests and the wildlife form a significant part of the ecosystem. However, they are interdependent for their survival too.

As such, because of human activities, many of such species are coming to an end also. They either belong to the list of endangered species or are entirely extinct. Activities like mining, poaching, hunting, shifting cultivation, and expanding agricultural land are some of the significant reasons behind the depletion of forest and wildlife resources. Hence, we should take the utmost care of it and conserve our rich resources in every possible way.

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CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Revision Notes

Chapter 1 - resources and development.

Chapter 3 - Water Resources

Chapter 4 - agriculture, chapter 5 - minerals and energy resources, chapter 6 - manufacturing industries, chapter 7 - lifelines of national economy, faqs (frequently asked questions), 1. what is meant by biodiversity.

The term biodiversity means bio, which refers to life and diversity, which refers to forms. It includes multiple species of flora and fauna.

2. Which organisations support the flora and fauna of India?

The most common organisations for conserving forests in India are the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF), Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), National Wildlife Federation, and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA).

3. What do you know about endangered species?

Such species are in danger of extinction. They will, however, likely decline if the current circumstances continue to work against them. There are various factors which lead to the decline of the population of these species. The survival rate of species is meagre.

4. What is the condition of tigers in India?

In 1957, the tiger population was estimated at around 55,000, further declining by 1827 tigers in the same year. Because of this, the authorities had to take strict action against it. As a result, tigers are presently facing a significant issue and are on the verge of extinction because of the shrinkage of habitat, a consistent growing human population, depletion of prey and poaching.

5. What are unclassed forests?

Both private individuals, the government and communities have ownership of these lands. These areas mainly include the forests and wastelands. These forests do not belong to the reserved or protected categories. Such forests are found in parts of the northeastern state of Gujarat, India.

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Notes of Ch 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources| Class 10th Geography

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science (Geography) – Free PDF Download

Ncert solutions for class 10 geography.

NCERT is on the priority list of recommendation of the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). Here, you will find all the chapter-wise NCERT solutions for Class 10 Geography. It will help you to understand the subject and perform well in exams.

Geography is a very important part of our education system as along with having great importance from the examination point of view, it is very important from the practical aspect also. Hence, NCERT solutions help the students to clear their respective doubts from reading the NCERT. Moreover, it will help them to score well in exams.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapterwise

Chapter 1: Resources and Development

Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources

Chapter 3: Water Resources

Chapter 4: Agriculture

Chapter 5: Mineral and Energy Resources

Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries

Chapter 7: Lifelines of National Economy

Chapterwise NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography

Ncert solutions for class 10 geography chapter 1 resources and development.

Resource in itself is a wide term due to the availability of various resources throughout the globe. This chapter discusses the classification of resources on various basis. Moreover, it covers topics like Development of Resources, Resource Conservation, etc. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

Indian biodiversity is incomplete without flora and fauna. The chapter highlights the concept of biodiversity. Moreover, it states the various kinds of species found in different bio-diversities and regions along with the conservation methods to protect the species. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources

Do you know that 70% of Earth is covered by water? But still, we face water scarcity. This chapter highlights the issues of water scarcity and various reasons behind it. It also suggests some measures to conserve water and manage the problem of water scarcity. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture

60% of the Indian Population is engaged in agriculture and its related activities. It is one of the most important sectors as it provides employment, removes poverty, etc. In this chapter, you will witness topics like Types of Farming, Different types of crops and its respective distribution throughout the map of India. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Mineral and Energy Resources

This chapter deals with the concept of minerals, types, and classification of minerals, availability, and extraction of resources from different parts of the country, and conversation of minerals. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

If agriculture is the cart of growth of the economy then manufacturing industries are the wheels. It is believed that behind the success of any developed country, industries have played an important role. This chapter highlights the importance of Manufacturing, Types of Industries, Availability of various kinds of industries in different parts of the country, etc. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

Lifelines or the service sector of the economy is the most important sector for economic development in the present era. In starting, this chapter talks about the various means of transport. Moreover, it shows the distribution of means of transport throughout the country. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

Solved Questions for You

Question 1: What is the significance of border roads?

Answer: Border roads are strategically important as they improve accessibility to areas like the northern and north eastern border areas which have a difficult terrain.

Question 2: What is manufacturing?

Answer: Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.

Question 3: Distinguish between the ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.

Answer: The mineral which contains iron is termed as a ferrous mineral. Iron-ore, manganese, chromite, pyrites, tungsten, nickel, Cobalt, etc. are important examples of ferrous minerals.

On the other hand, non-ferrous minerals are those which do not have an iron contact in it. Gold, silver, copper, lead, bauxite, tin, magnesium, etc are the examples of non-ferrous minerals.

Question 4: Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.

Answer: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh are states having black soil. Cotton is mainly grown in black soil.

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CBSE Notes For Class 10
Class 10 Social Science Geography
Chapter 2 Forest And Wildlife Resources

CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 - Forest and Wildlife Resources

We humans, along with all living organisms, form a complex web of an ecological system. Chapter 2 of Class 10 Geography starts with an introduction to flora and fauna in India. The chapter subsequently discusses the important role that forests play in the ecological system and how we can conserve forests and wildlife in India. The chapter ends by explaining various steps taken by people to conserve our forests and wildlife resources. Here we have compiled all these topics in the form of CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 – Forest and Wildlife Resources. Going through these CBSE Class 10 Social Science Notes will help you understand the chapter easily. You can also download these notes in pdf and access them offline.

Chapter 1 Resources and Development
Chapter 3 Water Resources
Chapter 4 Agriculture
Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources
Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries
Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 – Forest and Wildlife Resources

Flora and fauna in india.

India is one of the world’s richest countries in terms of its vast array of biological diversity. Different varieties of forest and wildlife resources are found in India. Based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), we can classify different categories of existing plants and animal species as follows:

Normal species: Species whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival, such as cattle, sal, pine, rodents, etc.
Endangered species: These species are in danger of extinction. For example, species are black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, lion-tailed macaque, sangai (brow anter deer in Manipur), etc.
Vulnerable species: These are species whose population has declined to levels that it is likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if it continues to decline in the same manner. E.g., Blue sheep, Asiatic elephant, Gangetic dolphin, etc.
Rare species: Species with a small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category if the negative factors affecting them continue to operate. Examples of such species are the Himalayan brown bear, wild Asiatic buffalo, desert fox and hornbill, etc.
Endemic species: These are species which are only found in some particular areas, usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers. Examples of such species are the Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild pig, and Mithun in Arunachal Pradesh.
Extinct species: These species may be extinct from a local area, region, country, continent or the entire earth. E.g., Asiatic cheetah, pink head duck.

What are the negative factors that cause such fearful depletion of the flora and fauna?

Excessive consumption of natural resources for fulfilling human needs, such as wood, bark, leaves, rubber, medicines, dyes, food, fuel, fodder, manure, etc.
The expansion of the railways, agriculture, commercial and scientific forestry and mining activities.
Large-scale development of projects and mining activities.
Unequal access, inequitable consumption of resources and differential sharing of responsibility for environmental well-being.

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India

Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals.

The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972 to protect habitats, and an all-India list of protected species was published.
The central government also announced several projects for protecting specific animals. Under the Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies, moths, beetles, and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species.
In 1991, for the first time, plants were also added to the list, starting with six species.

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources

In India, forest and wildlife resources are owned and managed by the government through the Forest Department or other government departments. These are classified under the following categories.

Reserved forests: More than half of the total forest land in India has been declared reserved forests.

Protected forests: Forest Department has declared one-third of the total forest area as protected forest.

Unclassed forests: These are the forests and wastelands which belong to both government and private individuals and communities. North-eastern states and parts of Gujarat have a very high percentage of their forests as unclassed forests.

Reserved and protected forests are also referred to as permanent forests, which are maintained for the purpose of producing timber and other forest produce and for protective reasons. Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under permanent forests.

Community and Conservation

Conservation of the forest and wildlife resources is very important. Here are a few steps taken by common people:

In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act.
The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared 1,200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’. Villages came up with their own set of rules and regulations which do not allow hunting. They are also protecting the wildlife against any outside encroachments.
The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayas was one successful attempt to resist deforestation in several areas. The movement has also resulted in community afforestation.
Farmers and citizen’s groups like the Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya have shown that adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals are possible and economically viable.
India’s Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme furnishes a good example of involving local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests.

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Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 10 Political Science Notes Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

What is the meaning of ‘topography’.

Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces.

What are the disadvantages of deforestation?

1. Climate Imbalance 2. Global Warming 3. Soil Erosion 4. Wildlife Extinction 5. Acidic Oceans

What are the natural resources available on Earth?

Oil, coal, natural gas, metals, stone and sand are natural resources. Other natural resources are air, sunlight, soil and water. Animals, birds, fish and plants are natural resources as well.

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Class 10 Social Science Geography Worksheets

We have provided below free printable Class 10 Social Science Geography Worksheets for Download in PDF. The worksheets have been designed based on the latest NCERT Book for Class 10 Social Science Geography . These Worksheets for Grade 10 Social Science Geography cover all important topics which can come in your standard 10 tests and examinations. Free printable worksheets for CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography , school and class assignments, and practice test papers have been designed by our highly experienced class 10 faculty. You can free download CBSE NCERT printable worksheets for Social Science Geography Class 10 with solutions and answers. All worksheets and test sheets have been prepared by expert teachers as per the latest Syllabus in Social Science Geography Class 10. Students can click on the links below and download all Pdf worksheets for Social Science Geography class 10 for free. All latest Kendriya Vidyalaya Class 10 Social Science Geography Worksheets with Answers and test papers are given below.

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Here we have the biggest database of free CBSE NCERT KVS Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Geography . You can download all free Social Science Geography worksheets in Pdf for standard 10th. Our teachers have covered Class 10 important questions and answers for Social Science Geography as per the latest curriculum for the current academic year. All test sheets question banks for Class 10 Social Science Geography and CBSE Worksheets for Social Science Geography Class 10 will be really useful for Class 10 students to properly prepare for the upcoming tests and examinations. Class 10th students are advised to free download in Pdf all printable workbooks given below.

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Class 10 Social Science Geography Workbook will help to enhance and improve subject knowledge which will help to get more marks in exams

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Geography is the study of the planet Earth and the various life sustaining elements that are found on it. You will study about this subject in every class of your secondary school life as it is one of the most important subjects to know about the place you are living in.

In Class X - Contemporary India - you will learn about various kinds of resources that are found on our planet. These resources are also known as the natural resources as they exist naturally and humans are not responsible for their existence.

You will start your journey by learning about the forest and wildlife resources which will teach you about the flora and fauna of our planet.

After forest, you will move to learning about Water which is one of the most important natural resources for the existence of life on the planet.

At last, you will learn about various minerals and other energy resources that are necessary for the operations of various industries and how these manufacturing industries act as the lifelines of our economy.

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Chapter 1 Class 10 Geography - Resources and Development

Chapter 2 class 10 geography - forest and wildlife resources, chapter 3 class 10 geography - water resources, chapter 4 class 10 geography - agriculture, chapter 5 class 10 geography - minerals and energy resources, chapter 6 class 10 geography - manufacturing industries, chapter 7 class 10 geography - lifelines of national economy.

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School Guide
Class 10 Syllabus
Maths Notes Class 10
Science Notes Class 10
History Notes Class 10
Geography Notes Class 10
Political Science Notes Class 10
NCERT Soln. Class 10 Maths
RD Sharma Soln. Class 10
Math Formulas Class 10
CBSE Class 10 Social Science Notes

Class 10: History Notes

CBSE Class 10 History Notes
The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Class 10 History Notes Chapter 1
Nationalism in India - CBSE Class 10 History Notes Chapter 2
The Making of Global World Class 10 History Notes Chapter 3
The Age of Industrialisation Class 10 History Notes Chapter 4
Print Culture and the Modern World Class 10 Notes History Chapter 5

Class 10: Geography Notes

CBSE Class 10 Geography Notes
CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 1- Resources and Development

CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 2- Forest and Wildlife Resources

CBSE Class 10 Geography Notes Chapter 3 : Water Resources
CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 - Agriculture
CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 5: Minerals and Energy Resources
Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Geography Notes Chapter 6
CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 7- Lifelines of National Economy

Class 10: Polity Notes

Class 10 Political Science Notes
Power Sharing Class 10 Civics Notes Chapter 1
Federalism Class 10 Notes Civics Chapter 2
Gender, Religion and Caste Class 10 Notes Chapter 4 Civics
Political Parties Class 10 Notes Civics Chapter 6
Chapter 7 Outcomes of Democracy : CBSE Notes Class 10 Political Science (Civics)

Class 10: Economics Notes

CBSE Class 10 Economics Notes
CBSE Class 10 Notes Economics Chapter 1: Development
CBSE Notes Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 : Sectors of the Indian Economy
CBSE Notes Class 10 Economics Chapter 3: Money and Credit
Globalisation and the Indian Economy : CBSE Class 10 Economics Notes Chapter 4
Consumer Rights Class 10 Notes

In a complex web of the ecosystem, we humans live along with living organisms. Chapter 2 of Class 10 Geography is about the flora and fauna in India. The chapter which follows, discusses the importance of forests in the ecosystem and how we can conserve forests as well as wildlife in India. The chapter comes to an end with an explanation of various steps that can be taken by the people for the conservation of forests and wildlife resources in India. There is a compilation of various topics in the form of CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 2- Forest and Wildlife Resources. Going through the notes in CBSE Class 10 Social Science Notes will give a better and easier understanding.

Table of Content

Flora and Fauna in India

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India

Types and distribution of forest and wildlife resources.

Community and Conservation

Important Topics Covered in the Chapter

Forest and Wildlife Resources

India is one of the world’s richest countries in terms of biological diversity. The world contains a vast variety of species and nearly 8 percent of the total number of species in the world can be found in India. Nonetheless, it has been found that at least 10 percent of India’s recorded wild flora and 20 percent of its mammals are on the threatened list.

On the basis of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) list, the wide varieties of species can be classified as follows:

Normal Species: When the population of the species is considered to be normal for their survival then such kind of species fall into the category of normal species. Examples are cattle, sal, pine, rodents, etc.
Endangered Species: When the population of the species is so less that they are considered in danger of extinction, and negative factors continue to decline their population, then they fall into the category of endangered species. Examples are black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, etc.
Vulnerable Species: When the population of the species has declined to levels from where it is likely to move into the endangered category in the near future after the continuation of negative factors, then the species fall into the category of vulnerable species. Examples are blue sheep, Asiatic elephants, Gangetic dolphins, etc.
Rare Species: When the negative factors continue operating for the species with a small population and there are chances of their moving into the endangered or vulnerable category, then such kind of species fall into the category of rare species. Examples are the Himalayan brown bear, wild Asiatic buffalo, and hornbill, etc.
Endemic Species: When the species are found in some particular areas usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers then they are called endemic species. Examples: Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild pig, Mithun in Arunachal Pradesh.
Extinct Species: Species that are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they may occur. Examples: Asiatic cheetah, pink head duck, etc.

What are the negative factors that cause such fearful depletion of the flora and fauna?

Colonial Period: Colonial policies promoted the greatest level of deforestation. For example, their policy of expansion of the railways, agriculture, commercial and scientific forestry, and mining activities caused the greatest damage.
Agricultural Expansion: Agriculture continued to be one of the major causes of the depletion of forests. Between 1951 and 1980, according to the Forest Survey of India, around 26,200 sq. km. of forest cover had been converted to agricultural land all over India.
Agricultural Practices: Agricultural practices such as shifting cultivation in substantial parts of the tribal belts, especially in northeastern and central India, have been deforested or degraded.
Developmental Projects and Mining Activities: Large-scale development projects have also contributed significantly to the loss of forests. The reports of 1951 show, over 5,000 sq km of the forest came to be cleared for projects in the river valley. Another factor for deforestation was mining.
Grazing and Fuel Wood Collection: Grazing and fuel-wood collection are the greatest degrading factors behind the depletion of forest resources.
Others: Habitat destruction, hunting, poaching, over-exploitation, environmental pollution, poisoning, and forest fires are also many such factors, which have led to the decline in India’s biodiversity.

Read More: Flora and Fauna

Conservation is a process that seeks the sustainable use of nature by humans and preserves the ecological diversity and our life support systems – water, air, and soil. It helps in preserving the genetic diversity of plants and animals for better growth of species and breeding. Some steps taken by the government in this direction are:

The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972 for protecting the habitats of wildlife.
Several projects were started by the central government for protecting specific animals, which were gravely threatened, including the tiger, the one-horned rhinoceros, the Kashmir stag or hangul, three types of crocodiles – freshwater crocodile, saltwater crocodile and the Gharial, the Asiatic lion, and others.
For the first time in 1991, plants were also added to the list, starting with six species.

Read More: Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India

These are classified under the following categories.

Reserved Forests: Reserved forests are the forests regarded as the most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources are concerned and accorded a certain degree of protection.
Protected Forests: Almost one-third of the total forest area in India is protected forest, as declared by the Forest Department.
Unclassed Forests: The forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities fall under the category of unclassed forests.

Reserved and protected forests are also referred to as permanent forest estates maintained for the purpose of producing timber and other forest produce, and for protective reasons.

Read More: Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources

Conservation of the forests as well as wildlife resources is sought to be very significant and certain steps have been taken by common people for the same:

Sariska Tiger Reserve which was situated in Rajasthan, villagers came to fight against the mining with the citation of the Wildlife Protection Act.
The habitats of about five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan had declared around 1,200 hectares of forest lands as Bhairodev Dakav “Sonchuri”. The villages had come up with their own sets of rules as well as regulations to not allow hunting. Protection of wildlife against outside encroachment also came to be sought.
One of the most famous, the Chipko Movement in the Himalayas, had been a successful attempt to resistance against forest deforestation in many areas, and the movement also resulted in community afforestation.
Farmers as well as citizen groups like the Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehru and Navdanya came to show adequate levels of diversification in terms of crop production without any use of synthetic chemicals as they are economically more viable.
India’s Joint Forest Management (JFM) program furnished an example of the involvement of local communities in the management as well as restoration of degraded forests.

Read More: Community and Conservation

Some of the important topics which are covered in the CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 2- Forest and Wildlife Resources are as follows:

Introduction
Causes of Depleting Flora and Fauna
Species Classification
Forest and Wildlife Resources- Types and Distribution
Conservation of Forests and Wildlife in India

Geeksforgeeks Class 10 Geography Notes Chapter 2- Forest and Wildlife Resources allows students for revision of the chapter properly and also prepare for their Class 10 board examinations. Students can also find the Class 10 Geography Notes for all other chapters in Geeksforgeeks Website, which are curated with care and important points by the subject matter experts.

FAQs on CBSE Class 10 Geography Notes Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources

What do you mean by “topography”.

Topography refers to the study of the forms as well as features of land surfaces.

What are the disadvantages of deforestation?

The disadvantages of deforestation include the following- Climate imbalance Global Warming Wildlife Extinction Acidic Oceans Soil Erosion

Which are the natural resources available on Earth?

Some important natural resources which are available on earth include oil, coal, natural gas, metals, stones. Other natural resources include sunlight, air, soil and water. Some important natural resources also include animals, birds, fish and plants.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography chapter-2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science (GEography)

Ncert solutions for class 10 history chapter 2 forest and wildlife resources.

NCERT Solutions for class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources is prepared by senior and renown teachers of Physics Wallah primary focus while solving science questions of class 10 is NCERT textbook, Do read theory of the Chapter 2 before solving the Questions. Our Physics Wallah team prepared all the Solutions of this Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources. You can download NCERT solution of all chapters from Physics Wallah.

1. Multiple choice questions (i) Which of these statements is not a valid reason for the depletion of flora and fauna? (a) Agricultural expansion (b) Large scale developmental projects (c) Grazing and fuel wood collection (d) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation Solution : (c) Grazing and fuel wood collection (ii) Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation? (a) Joint forest management (b) Beej Bachao Andolan (c) Chipko Movement (d) Demarcation of Wildlife sanctuaries Solution : (d) Demarcation of Wildlife sanctuaries

2. Match the following animals with their category of existence.

3. Match the following.

Answer the following questions in about 30 words. 4 (i) What is biodiversity? Why is biodiversity important for human lives?

(ii) How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna? Explain. Solution : (i) Biodiversity is immensely rich in wildlife and cultivated species, diverse in form and function, but closely integrated in a system through multiple networks of interdependencies. It is important for human lives because the human beings, along with the biodiversity, form a complete web of ecological system in which we are only a part and are very much dependent on this system for our own existence. (ii) Several human activities have affected the depletion of flora and fauna and has led to decline in India’s biodiversity. The main factors responsible for this damage are: • Habitat destruction, mainly due to overpopulation leading to expansion of agriculture, mining, industrialisation and urbanisation and consequent wiping out of large forest areas. • Hunting and poaching and illegal trade of animal skin, tusk, bones, teeth, horns, etc have lead many speices to the verge of extinction. • Environmental pollution, poisoning of water bodies due to discharge of industrial effluents, chemicals, wastes, etc. leading to animal deaths. • Forest fires often induced by shifting cultivation wiping out valuable forests and wildlife. • Large scale development projects and destruction of forests. • Grazing and fuel wood collection. • Over-exploitation of forest products Other important causes of environmental destruction are unequal access, inequitable consumption of forest resources and differential sharing of responsibility for environmental well-being.

Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

5 (i) describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in india..

(ii) Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife. Solution : (i) Indian forests are home to different communities. These communities have a complex relationship with their environment. The Mundas and the Santhal of Chhota Nagpur region worship Mahua and Kadamba trees; the tribals of Orissa and Bihar worship the tamarind and mango trees. Similarly, the Bishnois of Rajasthan hold the antelopes in high reverence. For these communities, particular flora and fauna are integral to their identity, so they take a number of steps to protect the same. Villagers around the Sariska Reserve have opposed mining activities in the region as these activities endanger wildlife. Villagers in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have banned hunting and lumbering activities in a 1200 hectare area they have marked as Bhairodev Dakav 'Sonchuri'. Such activities have helped preserve patches of virgin forest land. (ii) Good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife are plenty. Nowadays, many non-governmental organisations are working towards creating public awareness for conserving depleting forest cover and vanishing wildlife. Central and state governments in India have set up national parks and wildlife sanctuaries to protect forests and endangered species in wildlife. A recently developing practice towards conservation is the search for different conservation measures. Biodiversity is the new by-word of good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife. Various communities, especially in tribal areas, who are dependent on forests for their living are now taking an active role in this form of conservation.

Chapter Wise NCERT Solutions of Class-10 Social Science (Geography)

Chapter 1 Resources and Development

Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

Chapter 3 Water Resources

Chapter 4 Agriculture

Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resouces

Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Chapter 7 Life Lines of National Econom

Related Chapters

chapter-1 Resources and Development
chapter-2 Forest and Wildlife Resources
chapter-3 Water Resources
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chapter-5 Minerals and Energy Resources
chapter-6 Manufacturing Industries
chapter-7 Life lines of National Economy

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NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Geography Social Science Chapter 2 Forest
NCERT Book Solutions for Class 10 Geography Contemporary India - II Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources - Free PDF Download. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources provides the answers to the exercises given in the Geography book - Contemporary India II. Most of the time, students find it difficult to get the answers to the exercises.
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Social Science Class 10 Important Questions Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources Question 1. Name four animals and two species of flora which are on the verge of extinction. Answer: Animals and plants on the verge of extinction: Four animals: Cheetah, pink-headed duck, mountain quail, forest spotted owlet. Two plants: Wild mahua (madhuca insignis) […]
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on September 3, 2023, 4:24 AM. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forests and Wildlife Resources in Hindi and English Medium updated for new academic session 2023-24 based on current CBSE Syllabus and latest CBSE Textbooks for new academic session. All the solutions are done properly by experts removing errors, if still there is ...
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CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources Extra Questions and Answers is available here. Students can learn and download PDF of these questions for free. These extra questions and answers are prepared by our expert teachers as per the latest NCERT textbook and guidelines. Learning these questions will help you to score ...
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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 discusses the importance of forests and wildlife resources in an effective way. Human beings often forget the earth is home to other living beings as well. With the increased pollution and exploitation, protection of forest and wildlife resources has become essential.
Forest and Wildlife Resources Class 10 Notes CBSE Geography Chapter 2
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CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Notes
The CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Notes by Extramarks will help students prepare for their board examinations. The notes are curated by subject matter experts, which means they are accurate and reliable. Students can access the notes on the website of Extramarks. CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Revision Notes for the Year 2022-23
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NCERT Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources of Class 10 Geography Social Science explores the vital function that forests play in the ecological system, how we can protect India's forests and wildlife, and the measures that people have taken to protect our forests and animal resources. The solutions to all the exercises in NCERT Class 10 ...
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Oil, coal, natural gas, metals, stone and sand are natural resources. Other natural resources are air, sunlight, soil and water. Animals, birds, fish and plants are natural resources as well. Revise for your exam from CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 - Forest and Wildlife Resources. Go through these notes and prepare well for your exams.
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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography chapter-2 Forest
NCERT Solutions for class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources is prepared by senior and renown teachers of Physics Wallah primary focus while solving science questions of class 10 is NCERT textbook, Do read theory of the Chapter 2 before solving the Questions. Our Physics Wallah team prepared all the Solutions of this ...
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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forests and Wildlife Resources

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2

Exatra Questions Class 10 Geography Chapter 2

What are the reasons for the launching of ‘Project Tiger’ in 1973?

What are the important Tiger Reserves in India?

What are the six categories to classify the existing planks and animal species based on IVCN?

What are the main factors that have contributed significantly to the loss of forest after Independence?

What are the Steps taken by the government to conserve forest and wildlife?

Important Questions on Class 10 Geography Chapter 2

How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna? Explain.

Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India?

Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.

« Resources and Development

NCERT GEOGRAPHY CLASS 10 CHAPTER 2 FORESTS AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES – WORKSHEET

Written By Avinash Sharan

Short Answer Type Questions:

Picture Based Questions From Forests and Wildlife Resources

Assertion and Reason Based Questions

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2. Assertion and Reason

3. Assertion and Reason

4. Assertion and Reason

5. Assertion and Reason

Long Answer Type Questions From Forests and Wildlife Resources

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Picture Based Questions From Forests and Wildlife Resources – Answers

Assertion and Reason Based Questions – Answers

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CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Revision Notes for the Year 2022-23

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Forest And Wildlife Resources

Flora And Fauna

Conservation Of Forest And Wildlife In India

Types And Distribution Of Forest And Wildlife Resources

Community And Conservation

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Revision Notes

Chapter 3 - Water Resources

2. Which organisations support the flora and fauna of India?

3. What do you know about endangered species?

4. What is the condition of tigers in India?

5. What are unclassed forests?

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

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CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 - Forest and Wildlife Resources

CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 – Forest and Wildlife Resources

What are the negative factors that cause such fearful depletion of the flora and fauna?

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India