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Earthquakes shake the ground surface, can cause buildings to collapse, disrupt transport and services, and can cause fires. They can trigger landslides and tsunami.

Earthquakes occur mainly as a result of plate tectonics, which involves blocks of the Earth moving about the Earth's surface. The blocks of rock move past each other along a fault. Smaller earthquakes, called foreshocks, may precede the main earthquake, and aftershocks may occur after the main earthquake. Earthquakes are mainly confined to specific areas of the Earth known as seismic zones, which coincide mainly with ocean trenches, mid-ocean ridges, and mountain ranges.

The point of origin of an earthquake is called the focus. The epicentre is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus. Most earthquake foci are within a few tens of kilometres of the Earth's surface. Earthquakes less than 70 km deep are classified as shallow-focus. Intermediate-focus earthquakes are 70-300 km deep, and deep-focus earthquakes more than 300 km deep. Shallow-focus earthquakes occur in all of the Earth's seismic zones, but intermediate- and deep-focus earthquakes are almost exclusively associated with seismic zones near ocean trenches.

The destructiveness of an earthquake depends on the size, the depth (shallow ones are more destructive) and the location. Earthquake size can be stated in terms of the damage caused (the intensity) or the amount of ground motion and the energy released by the earthquake (related to the Richter magnitude).

Earthquake Essay for Students and Children

500+ Words Essay on Earthquake

Simply speaking, Earthquake means the shaking of the Earth’s surface. It is a sudden trembling of the surface of the Earth. Earthquakes certainly are a terrible natural disaster. Furthermore, Earthquakes can cause huge damage to life and property. Some Earthquakes are weak in nature and probably go unnoticed. In contrast, some Earthquakes are major and violent. The major Earthquakes are almost always devastating in nature. Most noteworthy, the occurrence of an Earthquake is quite unpredictable. This is what makes them so dangerous.

Types of Earthquake

Tectonic Earthquake: The Earth’s crust comprises of the slab of rocks of uneven shapes. These slab of rocks are tectonic plates. Furthermore, there is energy stored here. This energy causes tectonic plates to push away from each other or towards each other. As time passes, the energy and movement build up pressure between two plates.

Therefore, this enormous pressure causes the fault line to form. Also, the center point of this disturbance is the focus of the Earthquake. Consequently, waves of energy travel from focus to the surface. This results in shaking of the surface.

Volcanic Earthquake: This Earthquake is related to volcanic activity. Above all, the magnitude of such Earthquakes is weak. These Earthquakes are of two types. The first type is Volcano-tectonic earthquake. Here tremors occur due to injection or withdrawal of Magma. In contrast, the second type is Long-period earthquake. Here Earthquake occurs due to the pressure changes among the Earth’s layers.

Collapse Earthquake: These Earthquakes occur in the caverns and mines. Furthermore, these Earthquakes are of weak magnitude. Undergrounds blasts are probably the cause of collapsing of mines. Above all, this collapsing of mines causes seismic waves. Consequently, these seismic waves cause an Earthquake.

Explosive Earthquake: These Earthquakes almost always occur due to the testing of nuclear weapons. When a nuclear weapon detonates, a big blast occurs. This results in the release of a huge amount of energy. This probably results in Earthquakes.

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Effects of Earthquakes

First of all, the shaking of the ground is the most notable effect of the Earthquake. Furthermore, ground rupture also occurs along with shaking. This results in severe damage to infrastructure facilities. The severity of the Earthquake depends upon the magnitude and distance from the epicenter. Also, the local geographical conditions play a role in determining the severity. Ground rupture refers to the visible breaking of the Earth’s surface.

Another significant effect of Earthquake is landslides. Landslides occur due to slope instability. This slope instability happens because of Earthquake.

Earthquakes can cause soil liquefaction. This happens when water-saturated granular material loses its strength. Therefore, it transforms from solid to a liquid. Consequently, rigid structures sink into the liquefied deposits.

Earthquakes can result in fires. This happens because Earthquake damages the electric power and gas lines. Above all, it becomes extremely difficult to stop a fire once it begins.

Earthquakes can also create the infamous Tsunamis. Tsunamis are long-wavelength sea waves. These sea waves are caused by the sudden or abrupt movement of large volumes of water. This is because of an Earthquake in the ocean. Above all, Tsunamis can travel at a speed of 600-800 kilometers per hour. These tsunamis can cause massive destruction when they hit the sea coast.

In conclusion, an Earthquake is a great and terrifying phenomenon of Earth. It shows the frailty of humans against nature. It is a tremendous occurrence that certainly shocks everyone. Above all, Earthquake lasts only for a few seconds but can cause unimaginable damage.

FAQs on Earthquake

Q1 Why does an explosive Earthquake occurs?

A1 An explosive Earthquake occurs due to the testing of nuclear weapons.

Q2 Why do landslides occur because of Earthquake?

A2 Landslides happen due to slope instability. Most noteworthy, this slope instability is caused by an Earthquake.

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Earthquake Essay

Essay on Earthquake - An earthquake is a natural disaster that occurs when two tectonic plates collide. The force of the collision creates seismic waves that travel through the earth's crust, causing the ground to shake and buildings to collapse. Here are some sample essays on earthquakes.

100 Words Essay on Earthquake

Earthquakes can happen anywhere in the world, and although their occurrence is not predictable, there are some things you can do to make yourself more prepared in case one does strike. This includes having an earthquake kit ready to go, knowing how to drop, cover and hold on, and staying informed about any potential risks in your area. Make sure you have an emergency kit stocked with food, water, and other supplies, and know what to do when an earthquake hits. If you're not sure what to do, it's best to stay away from windows and other objects that could fall on you, and head to a safe place.

200 Words Essay on Earthquake

500 words essay on earthquake.

Earthquakes are a natural disaster that come with a lot of dangers. The shaking and movement of the earth can cause buildings to fall down, trapping people inside. The shaking caused by such a sudden change is usually very minor, but large earthquakes sometimes cause very large shaking of the land. The shaking waves spread from the spot at which rock begins breaking for the first time; this spot is called the center, or hypocenter, of an earthquake.

If you're inside when an earthquake starts, drop to the ground and cover your head. The earthquake's magnitude is related to the amount of earthquake energy released in a seismic event.

Different Types of Earthquakes

There are three types of earthquakes:

Shallow | A shallow earthquake is when the earthquake's focus is close to the surface of the Earth. These earthquakes are usually less powerful than the other two types, but can still cause a lot of damage.

Intermediate | Intermediate earthquakes have a focus that's located between the surface and the Earth's mantle, and are usually more powerful than shallow earthquakes.

Deep | Deep earthquakes have a focus that's located in the mantle, which is the layer of the Earth below the crust. They're the most powerful type of earthquake, and can even cause damage on the surface.

An earthquake can cause damage to buildings and bridges; interrupt gas, electrical, and telephone services; and occasionally trigger landslides, avalanches, flash flooding, wildfires, and massive, destructive waves of water over oceans (tsunamis).

The Dangers Associated With Earthquakes

The shaking of the ground can cause objects to fall off shelves and injure people. If you're outside when an earthquake starts, move away from tall buildings, streetlights and power lines.

An earthquake can also cause a tsunami, or a large wave, to form and crash onto the shore. Tsunamis can be very dangerous and can reach heights of over 100 feet.

How to Prepare for an Earthquake

When an earthquake is imminent, your first step should be to find a safe spot. The most ideal spots are under sturdy furniture or inside door frames. It is best to stay away from windows and anything that can fall over.

Once you've found the safest place, it's time to prepare for the shaking. Grab some blankets, pillows and helmets if possible – all of which can provide extra cushioning against falling objects.

Additionally, you should always keep an eye out for debris that could cause injuries, such as broken glass and sharp objects.

Finally, stay calm until the shaking stops, and monitor local news reports for additional information on how best to handle the situation.

What to do During an Earthquake

The moment an earthquake hits, it is important to stay as calm and collected as possible. Safety is the first priority so you must stay away from windows and furniture that can fall on you, and protect your head with your arms if needed.

If an earthquake occurs while you are indoors, stay away from anything that could fall or break such as windows, mirrors, or furniture. Do not run outdoors as shaking can cause glass and other materials to fall from the building structure. Instead, seek shelter under sturdy tables or desks. If there is no furniture available, move to a corner of the room and crouch down protectively with your arms over your head and neck.

It's also important to take note of any gas lines that could be affected during an earthquake and shut them off if necessary in order to prevent fires from breaking out due to exposed pipes.

After the Earthquake: Recovery and Assistance

When the shaking stops, there will be a period of recovery.

Don't enter any building if it has visible damage due to the earthquake - it's better to be safe than sorry.

You should contact local aid organisations like the Red Cross for additional help with sheltering, water, food and other essentials.

Stay in touch with local officials about any services provided for those affected by the earthquake.

Make sure you also have a plan for what to do if you're stuck in an earthquake, and know how to get in touch with loved ones in case of an emergency.

By being prepared and knowing what to do, you can help ensure that you and your loved ones are safe in the event of an earthquake.

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A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Videographer

Multimedia specialist.

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Social Media Manager

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Copy Writer

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Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

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Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning).

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Travel journalist.

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AWS Solution Architect

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Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

ITSM Manager

Information security manager.

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack

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Essay on Earthquake For Students and Children in 1000 Words

In this article you will read an essay on earthquake for students and children. It includes meaning, types, causes, effects, and management of earthquakes.

Lets start this essay on earthquake for students.

Table of Contents

Essay on Earthquake (1000 Words)

The planet Earth has gone through a number of changes throughout the course of its time. Most of these changes are a result of natural disasters that usually occur. Pollution , ozone layer depletion , and global warming have become major threats today.

However, some natural calamities have been a threat to the planet for a really long time. Natural disasters occur in a number of forms, like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis , droughts, storms, cyclones , etc.

One of these natural disasters that can do a lot of damage to the ecosystem is an earthquake.

What is an Earthquake?

The shaking of the surface of the Earth is known as an earthquake. It occurs as a sudden trembling of the surface and is a natural event. It is basically caused due to the release of energy from the interior portion of the Earth .

Undoubtedly, earthquakes do not occur frequently, but they are terrible natural disasters and can cause huge damage to life and property. One can come across many kinds of earthquakes; some of them are weak and go unnoticed, while others are strong and severe.

The most dangerous thing about an earthquake is that it is usually unpredictable and comes without any indication. Earthquakes usually occur due to the movement of the tectonic plates, and their intensity is measured on the Richter scale.

Types of Earthquake

There are mainly four different types of earthquakes, namely, tectonic, volcanic, collapse, and explosive.

Tectonic Earthquake

The crust of the Earth is made up of slabs of rocks of uneven shapes and sizes; these are known as tectonic plates. Energy is stored in these tectonic plates, making them push or pull towards each other.

This pressure builds up between the adjacent plates, thereby producing a fault line. This acts as an epicentre or focus, from which energy is sent in the form of waves towards the surface. This causes an earthquake on the surface.

Collapse Earthquake

This is a type of earthquake that has a weak natural magnitude. These types of earthquakes usually occur in the caverns and the mines. Any underground blast in the mines causes seismic waves that can cause a small earthquake.

Volcanic Earthquake

As per the name, the volcanic earthquake is caused by volcanic activity. Just like the collapse earthquake, these are also of weaker magnitude. A light magnitude earthquake due to the explosion of magma from the volcanoes.

Causes of Earthquake

Earthquakes are usually caused by the movement of the tectonic plates under the surface of the Earth. The breaking of a tectonic plate or sliding of the adjacent tectonic plates releases energy that produces seismic waves. The tectonic plates are never static, and they always keep on moving.

Whenever two tectonic plates touch each other, it becomes a hotspot for earthquakes. These tectonic plates start sliding against each other, and they never slide smoothly. Friction occurs between the plates, and a tremendous amount of energy is released.

This energy gets converted into seismic waves. The seismic waves then travel to the surface, causing earthquakes.

Depending on the depth of the epicenter, location, and magnitude, the seismic waves have the potential to tear the surface of the Earth, thus damaging buildings and other natural ecosystems. The areas where this activity occurs are usually known as geological faults.

The portion of the intersection of two tectonic plates is known as a fault line, which may vary from a few metres to hundreds of kilometers. These are the most common points in an earthquake.

Effects of Earthquake

Earthquakes do not cause any direct harm to human civilizations most of the time. But they can do a lot of damage to different parts of the ecosystem and can also hurt property.

The displacement of the Earth’s surface or the ground is one of the most dangerous impacts of an earthquake. It can even collapse buildings, damage all forms of property, and can also lead to the loss of lives.

The damage can block roads and bridges and can cause catastrophic problems for a few months. Earthquakes can also affect electric power and gas lines and also have a chance to cause fire breakouts.

An earthquake is also responsible for an event known as liquefaction. It is a process when the sand and soil beneath any infrastructure become very soft and mix with the groundwater.

This loosens the underground area and can cause the overall structure to topple over several feet beneath the ground. It can even lead to a fall off of the structure.

A typical earthquake can cause significant damage or ruptures to dams, embankments, and riverbanks.This leads to the release of water into the nearby area. This water would then flood the area, damaging agricultural land and other properties as well.

When an earthquake occurs beneath the ocean, it can possibly cause a tsunami. The waves of the tsunami bring a lot of water and are strong enough to destroy anything in their path.

Disaster Management in Earthquake

While earthquakes are an inevitable phenomenon, they cannot be avoided. However, precautions and necessary steps can be taken.

People just stay indoors until the shaking stops. Moreover, if you have an open space, one should be there as such places have a reduced risk.
For a light magnitude earthquake, one must stay away from furniture, shelves, heavy appliances, objects, and other items as well.
Take shelter under a firm object like a table or bed, and hold on to something strong and fixed.
Check for proper electricity and gas connections. You must ensure that there are no leaks in the system. The main power switch and the main gas valves should be checked properly.
To be well prepared for the issues, the residents of the regularly affected areas should have first aid kits on hand to treat minor injuries. Medical staff should always be prepared for such events.

An earthquake is a devastating natural phenomenon that can cause terrible damage. It cannot be avoided by any means, but measures can be taken to prepare for it.

The good thing about earthquakes is that they only last a few seconds. I hope you liked this essay on earthquake.

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Essay on Earthquakes (1185 Words)

February 20, 2018 by Study Mentor Leave a Comment

The word seismology has been derived from two Greek words- seismos (meaning: earthquakes), and logia (meaning: study of). Therefore, in other words, it refers to the scientific study of earthquakes.

Earthquakes can be defined as tremors which are produced by the passage of vibratory waves through the rocks of the earth.

Such waves spread out in all possible directions from the central point from where the earthquake is caused. These waves resemble the waves caused when one throws a small stone or pebble into a water body.

There is a special instrument which is used to measure the intensity of earthquakes, known as the seismograph.

Such seismographic records are maintained by the scientists, and such records tell us that on an average, 8000 to 10,000 earthquakes take place every year in all throughout the world.

Oceanic earthquakes are also very frequent, and this phenomenon is different from the earthquakes mentioned previously.

Oceanic earthquakes cannot be recorded with great ease or precision. All earthquakes recorded usually originate below the surface of the earth at a depth of 50 to 150 kilometers.

While learning about earthquakes, some other terms should be known as well.

The focus or hypocentre is described as the point or place of origin of the earthquake. On the other hand, the epicentre is the point on the land surface vertically above the focus.

Thus, the effect of any earthquake is the strongest near its epicentre.

Table of Contents

Causes of Earthquakes

The major causes behind the frequent earthquakes most often experienced are as follow: –

Volcanic eruption- volcanoes and earthquakes are often supplementary to each other. As in, one causes the other and vice versa. Most of the earthquakes caused are in center of high volcanic activities.

Volcanoes disrupt the makeup of the earth’s surface and therefore contribute to the earthquake-causing tremors.

Such contractions create disorder in the rocks, resulting in earthquakes.

Folding and faulting- folding and faulting of the earth are related to compression and tension in the rocks and cause earthquakes.

Many of the most destructive earthquakes to have taken place in India were examples of these types of occurrences.

Isostatic equilibrium- it is often believed that the upper layer (made of silica and aluminium) of the earth’s crust is lighter and is floating on the lower, denser layer (made up of silica and magnesium).

This way, an equilibrium or balance is tried to be maintained. An earthquake is caused whenever this balance is disrupted. For example, the earthquake of Lahore in 1949.

Plate tectonics- the earth’s structure comprises of several plates (there was only one single plate in the beginning), which move and shift from place to place over the centuries and have caused the continents and oceans to form.

When one oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the heavier oceanic plate is thrust into the mantle. The zones where these occur eventually become the sites of violent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Other miscellaneous reasons- earthquakes can also be caused due to human activities, like bomb explosions, the running of trains, and the functioning of heavy machinery.

Such activities cannot bring about full-fledged earthquakes. However, they can cause minor tremors, leading to the same. Landslides, etc. can also result in earthquakes.

Effects of Earthquakes- advantages and disadvantage

It is often said that everything has both its advantages and disadvantages, like every coin has both sides to itself.

However, while speaking of the effects caused by earthquakes, we only see the dangers caused by it, as it is almost universally accepted that the destruction they cause is monumental, and the constructive effects are extremely insignificant.

Some major effects are obviously the damage caused to life and property. Earthquakes cause heavy damage to buildings and other installations as well.

At times, they disturb the existing composition of the rock strata and block the flow of water in rivers.

The river water, in turn, submerges the surrounding low-lying areas and flooding these regions. For example, the Brahmaputra River is prone to such flooding.

Earthquakes occurring at the sea result in high waves in the sea water and cause heavy damage to ships as well as aquatic creatures.

This also leads to the inception of tsunamis, which are highly destructive on their own. Folding and faulting are often associated with earthquakes, and these damage country roads and other structures.

These are also responsible for landslides in highlands. At times, water, mud, and gases are ejected from beneath the fissures caused by earthquakes.

The gases such emitted may ignite the air and water, and the mud might flood the surrounding area. Even larger areas are capable of subsiding or sinking during some severe earthquakes.

However, certain advantages of earthquakes can also be enumerated. The study of earthquakes teaches us a great deal about the interiors of the earth and their composition and structure.

Sometimes, the faults created by earthquakes become sources of water which are then used for various domestic and industrial purposes.

More than often, the fissures or cracks which are the definite results of earthquakes contain various valuable minerals which can be hereby easily obtained.

Another important thing to be kept in mind is that the folding and faulting on large scale can often give rise to new land forms altogether.

Most of the highest mountains standing in the present day (for example, the Himalayas, the Alps, etc.) are results of extensive folding and faulting. In this way, they contribute to shaping the earth’s structure as it is seen by us.

Distribution of Earthquakes

Certain parts of the earth are more prone to earthquakes than the others. This happens due to the variations in the underlying rock structures as it differs from place to place across the world.

It shall be noted that most earthquakes occur at places where the earth’s crust is weak.

The largest number of earthquakes happens in a region commonly known as the ring of fire. Geologists have identified this zone as the circum-pacific belt, covering countries such as New Zealand , Japan , Philippines , and some more.

Such areas also experience high volcanic activities. Other than these, there are also certain mid-water mountain belts, and minor belts which are prone to frequent earthquakes.

However, In India , earthquakes are mostly limited to mountainous areas and the Himalayan foothills.

However, there were instances where major earthquakes had happened in areas other than these as well, for instance, the earthquake in Gujarat.

Earthquakes, as natural occurrences, have lasted since the inception of this planet, and will continue to do so until its demise.

It is true that it brings about major destruction but we also need to understand that we cannot possibly erase them from the face of our planet.

Hence, we should try to reap the benefits of such occurrences by gaining knowledge about how and where it occurs, so as to be warned about the future occurrences, and to be well equipped to combat it well ahead of it striking the land surface.

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Earthquake Essay

Download the Earthquake Essay Available on Vedantu’s Website.

Earthquakes are some of the most devastating natural disasters. Millions of dollars worth of property are damaged and a hundred die every time a big magnitude of eater quake strikes. It is in this regard that everyone must read and know about earthquakes and be prepared to mitigate the damage. Furthermore, the topic of earthquakes is quite often asked in exams. Preparing for this topic will enable them to have an edge and score more marks in the English paper.

To serve the above-mentioned purpose, Vedantu has come up with the Earthquake essay. This essay is prepared by the experts who know what exactly is required to know and weeding out points that are not important. The essay is very precise and would surely allow students to successfully claim marks in the essay question and even stay prepared when an earthquake actually strikes.

What is an Earthquake?

When the earth’s surface shakes, the phenomenon is referred to as an earthquake. Precisely, the sudden trembling of the earth’s surface is the cause of an earthquake. Earthquakes are regarded as one of the deadliest natural disasters. Huge damage and loss of property are caused by earthquakes. There are various types of earthquakes. Some of them are severe in nature. The most dangerous thing about an earthquake is that it is quite unpredictable. It can cause several damages without any previous indication. The intensity of an earthquake is measured by the Richter’s scale. Generally, earthquakes occur due to the movement of tectonic plates under the earth’s surface.

Types of Earthquake

There are four kinds of earthquakes namely

Tectonic Earthquake,

Volcanic Earthquake,

Collapse Earthquake and

Explosive Earthquake.

Tectonic Earthquake

It is caused due to the movement of the slab of rocks of uneven shapes that lie underneath the earth’s crust. Apart from that, energy is stored in the earth’s crust. Tectonic plates are pushed away from each other or towards each other due to the energy. A pressure is formed because of the energy and movement as time passes. A fault line is formed due to severe pressure. The center point of this dispersion is the epicenter of the earthquake. Subsequently, traveling of the waves of energy from focus to the surface causes the tremor.

Volcanic Earthquake

The earthquake caused by volcanic activity is called a volcanic earthquake. These kinds of earthquakes are of weaker magnitudes. Volcanic earthquakes are categorized into two types. In the first type, which is called volcano-tectonic, shaking happens due to input or withdrawal of Magma. In the second type, which is termed as Long-period earthquake, tremors occur due to changing of pressure among the earth’s layers.

Collapse Earthquake

Collapse Earthquake is the third type of earthquake that occurs in the caverns and mines. This is another example of a weak magnitude earthquake. Mines collapsed due to underground blasts. Consequently, seismic waves are formed due to this collapsing. Earthquakes occur because of these seismic waves.

Explosive Earthquake

The fourth type of earthquake is called an explosive earthquake. This is caused due to the testing of nuclear weapons.

Effects of Earthquake

The effects of earthquakes are very severe and deadly.

It can cause irreparable damage to property and loss of human lives. The lethality of an earthquake depends on its distance from the epicentre.

Damage to establishments is the direct impact of an earthquake. In the hilly areas, several landslides are caused due to earthquakes.

Another major impact of an earthquake is soil liquefaction. Losing the strength of water-saturated granular material is the cause behind this. The rigidity of soil is totally lost due to this.

Since the earthquake affects the electric power and gas lines, it can cause a fire to break out.

Deadly Tsunamis are caused due to earthquakes. Gigantic sea waves are caused by the sudden or abnormal movement of huge volumes of water. This is called an earthquake in the ocean. When tsunamis hit the sea coasts, they cause a massive loss of lives and properties.

Earthquake is termed as one of the most huge and lethal natural disasters in the world. It proves the fact that human beings are just nothing in front of nature. The sudden occurrence of earthquakes shocks everyone. Scientists are working rigorously to prevent the damage of earthquakes, but nothing fruitful has been achieved yet.

Examples of Devastating Earthquake

The city of Kobe in Japan witnessed a devastating earthquake on January 17, 1995, killing more than 6,000 and making more than 45,000 people homeless. The magnitude of the quake was 6.9 at the moment which caused damage of around 100 million dollars. The governor of Kobe spent years on reconstruction and made efforts to bring back fifty thousand people who had left home. Japan geologically is a highly active country. It lies upon four major tectonic plates namely, Eurasian, Philippine, Pacific, and North American which frequently meet and interact.

The second incident is in Nepal where an earthquake struck on April 25, 2015. About 9000 people were killed and almost 600,000 structures were destroyed. The magnitude of the quake was 7.9 and the repels were felt by neighbouring countries like Bangladesh, China and India. The disaster caused severe damage of millions of dollars. All the countries across the world including India garnered to help Nepal by sending monetary aid, medical supplies, transport helicopters and others.

FAQs on Earthquake Essay

1. How to download the Earthquake Essay?

The Earthquake essay is available on Vedantu's website in PDF format. The PDF could be downloaded on any device, be it android, apple or windows. One just has to log on to www.vedantu.com and download the document. The document is totally free of cost and a student does not need to pay any prior registration fee.

2. How to protect oneself during an earthquake?

Earthquakes could be very disastrous and can cause a lot of collateral damage. During an earthquake you can look for the corners to hide. Another safe place to hide is under the table or under the bed. If one is sitting in a multistory building, avoid taking a lift and only use the stairs. In this kind of situation, one should never panic and stay calm. Let the earthquake pass until then keep hiding in the safe spot. Once over, come out to evaluate the situation and take appropriate actions.

3. How to mitigate the effects of an earthquake?

Prevention is better than cure. It is always a better idea to take necessary actions before an earthquake has struck. In the first place, send a copy of all your documents to someone reliable. In case of an earthquake that destroys your important documents, there would always remain a facility to retrieve them. Research and know if your city is in a seismic zone. One should also take note of earthquakes during the construction of a house and lay emphasis on a seismic-proof house.

4. How can one teach people about the effects of an earthquake?

There are many ways one can raise awareness about the effects of earthquakes. There is Youtube and Instagram which could be used to disseminate all the knowledge about the earthquake and its impact on humans. You can also go to schools and colleges to conduct a seminar whereby the students could be told about the mitigation and steps to take when an earthquake strikes. However before that, one must thoroughly research the topic. For this, visit www.vedntu.com and download the earthquake essay for free.

5. Who has written the Earthquake essay?

The earthquake essay provided by Vedantu is prepared by expert teachers who invest a good amount of time and effort to come up with an essay that is highly useful for the students in their personal lives as well as for their academic performance. The students can use this essay to maximize their abilities to cope with the questions on earthquakes and the earthquake itself. The essay is totally reliable and one mustn’t doubt its credibility at all.

National Earthquake Resilience: Research, Implementation, and Outreach (2011)

Chapter: 5 conclusions - achieving earthquake resilience.

5 Conclusions— Achieving Earthquake Resilience

The advent of NEHRP in 1977, together with its subsequent reauthorizations, added substantial resources for research in seismology, earthquake engineering, and social sciences with the goal of increasing knowledge for understanding the causes of earthquakes and reducing their impacts. In addition, the program improved coordination among federal government agencies with responsibilities in those areas and promoted integration of research and applications. Moreover, although NEHRP covers only four federal agencies, the program provides a focus for earthquake-related activities of many other federal, state, regional, and local government agencies, and—to some extent—the private sector.

Efforts to understand the causes of earthquakes and to counter their effects certainly did not begin with NEHRP. In the United States, the landmark study of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake (Lawson, 1908) furthered the elastic rebound hypothesis, whereby accumulated strain energy is released suddenly by fault slip, and demonstrated the vulnerability of structure built on soft sediments. Advances in other countries, especially Japan, also contributed new knowledge. Most importantly, developments of plate tectonics concepts in the mid-1960s established an overall framework for understanding the occurrence of earthquakes (and volcanoes) worldwide.

Nevertheless, NEHRP stimulated substantial earthquake research in the United States and, most significantly, integrated the efforts of the various earthquake-related disciplines and organizations toward the goal of reducing earthquake losses. The degree of success of these endeavors is reflected in the impressive list of accomplishments summarized in the

introduction to this report. In view of the important stimulus to earthquake mitigation activities provided by NEHRP and its substantial record of achievements, the committee endorses the 2008 NEHRP Strategic Plan and identifies 18 specific task elements required to implement that plan and materially improve national earthquake resilience.

Defining Earthquake Resilience

A critical requirement for achieving national earthquake resilience is, of course, an understanding of what constitutes earthquake resilience. In this report, we have interpreted resilience broadly so that it incorporates engineering/science (physical), social/economic (behavioral), and institutional (governing) dimensions. Resilience is also interpreted to encompass both pre- and post-disaster actions that, in combination, will enhance the robustness and the capabilities of all earthquake-vulnerable regions of our nation to function well following likely, significant earthquakes. The committee is also cognizant that it is cost-prohibitive to achieve a completely seismically resistant nation. Instead, we see our mission as helping set performance targets for improving the nation’s seismic resilience over the next 20 years and, in turn, developing a more detailed roadmap and program priorities for NEHRP. With these considerations in mind, the committee recommends that NEHRP adopt the following working definition for “national earthquake resilience”:

A disaster-resilient nation is one in which its communities, through mitigation and pre-disaster preparation, develop the adaptive capacity to maintain important community functions and recover quickly when major disasters occur.

No standard metric exists for measuring disaster resilience, and it is clear that standardized methods would be helpful for gauging improvements in resilience as a result of disaster risk reduction planning and mitigation. However, because the concept of resilience is specific to the context of the specific community and its goals, it can be expected that no single measure will be able to capture it sufficiently. No one resilience indicator can suit all purposes, and different measurement approaches may be appropriate in different contexts for assessing current levels of disaster resilience and incremental progress in developing resilience.

Elements and Costs of a Resilience Roadmap

To provide a sound basis for future activities, the NEHRP agencies—under the leadership of the National Institute of Standards and

Technology (NIST) as lead agency—developed a Strategic Plan ( Appendix A ). The plan, with three major goals and 14 objectives, constitutes a comprehensive, integrated approach to reducing earthquake losses. The committee endorses the elements of the strategic plan—the goals and objectives—and embraces the integrated, comprehensive, and collaborative approach among the NEHRP agencies reflected in the plan. The committee set out to build on the Strategic Plan by specifying focused activities that would further implementation of the plan. In the end, 18 tasks were selected, ranging from basic research to community-oriented applications, which, in our view, comprise a “roadmap” for furthering NEHRP goals and implementing the Strategic Plan. The committee recommends that these tasks be undertaken.

In estimating costs to implement the roadmap, the committee recognizes that there is a high degree of variability among the 18 tasks—some (e.g., deployment of the Advanced National Seismic System Network [ANSS], the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation [NEES] earthquake engineering simulation laboratories) are under way or are in the process of being implemented, whereas others are only at the conceptual stage. Costing each task required a thorough analysis to determine scope, implementation steps, and linkages or overlaps with other tasks. For some of the tasks, the necessary analysis had already been completed in workshops or other venues, and realistic cost estimates were available as input to the committee. For other tasks, the committee had nothing more to go on than its own expert opinion, in which case implementing the task may require some degree of additional detailed analysis. In summary, the annualized cost for the first 5 years of the roadmap for national earthquake resilience is $306.5 million/year (2009$), made up of the following tasks:

1. Physics of Earthquake Processes. Conduct additional research to advance the understanding of earthquake phenomena and generation processes and to improve the predictive capabilities of earthquake science; 5-year annualized cost of $27 million/year, for a total 20-year cost of $585 million.

2. Advanced National Seismic System. Complete deployment of the remaining 75 percent of the Advanced National Seismic System; 5-year annualized cost of $66.8 million/year, for a total 20-year cost of $1.3 billion. On-going operations and maintenance costs after the initial 20-year period of $50 million/year.

3. Earthquake Early Warning. Evaluation, testing, and deployment of earthquake early warning systems; 5-year annualized cost of $20.6 million/year, for a total 20-year cost of $283 million.

4. National Seismic Hazard Model. Complete the national coverage

of seismic hazard maps and create urban seismic hazard maps and seismic risk maps for at-risk communities; 5-year annualized cost of $50.1 million/year, for a total 20-year cost of $946.5 million.

5. Operational Earthquake Forecasting. Develop and implement operational earthquake forecasting, in coordination with state and local agencies; 5-year annualized cost of $5 million/year, for a total 20-year cost of $85 million. On-going operations and maintenance costs after the initial 20-year period are unknown.

6. Earthquake Scenarios. Develop scenarios that integrate earth science, engineering, and social science information and conduct exercises so that communities can visualize earthquake and tsunami impacts and mitigate their potential effects; 5-year annualized cost of $10 million/year, for a total 20-year cost of $200 million.

7. Earthquake Risk Assessments and Applications. Integrate science, engineering, and social science information in an advanced GIS-based loss estimation platform to improve earthquake risk assessments and loss estimations; 5-year annualized cost of $5 million/year, for a total 20-year cost of $100 million.

8. Post-earthquake Social Science Response and Recovery Research. Document and model the mix of expected and improvised emergency response and recovery activities and outcomes to improve pre-disaster mitigation and preparedness practices at household, organizational, community, and regional levels; 5-year annualized cost of $2.3 million/year, reviewed after the initial 5-years.

9. Post-earthquake Information Management. Capture, distill, and disseminate information about the geological, structural, institutional, and socioeconomic impacts of specific earthquakes, as well as post-disaster response, and create and maintain a repository for post-earthquake reconnaissance data; 5-year annualized cost of $1 million/year, for a total 20-year cost of $14.6 million. On-going operations and maintenance costs after the initial 20-year period are unknown, but are likely to be small.

10. Socioeconomic Research on Hazard Mitigation and Recovery. Support basic and applied research in the social sciences to examine individual and organizational motivations to promote resilience, the feasibility and cost of resilience actions, and the removal of barriers to successful implementation; 5-year annualized cost of $3 million/year, for a total 20-year cost of $60 million.

11. Observatory Network on Community Resilience and Vulnerability. Establish an observatory network to measure, monitor, and model the disaster vulnerability and resilience of communities, with a focus on resilience and vulnerability; risk assessment, perception, and management strategies; mitigation activities; and reconstruction and recovery; 5-year

annualized cost of $2.9 million/year, for a total 20-year cost of $57.3 million. On-going operations and maintenance costs after the initial 20-year period are unknown.

12. Physics-based Simulations of Earthquake Damage and Loss. Integrate knowledge gained in Tasks 1, 13, 14, and 16 to enable robust, fully coupled simulations of fault rupture, seismic wave propagation through bedrock, and soil-structure response, to compute reliable estimates of financial loss, business interruption, and casualties; 5-year annualized cost of $6 million/year, for a total 20-year cost of $120 million.

13. Techniques for Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings. Develop analytical methods that predict the response of existing buildings with known levels of reliability based on integrated laboratory research and numerical simulations, and improve consensus standards for seismic evaluation and rehabilitation; 5-year annualized cost of $22.9 million/year, for a total 20-year cost of $543.6 million.

14. Performance-based Earthquake Engineering for Buildings. Advance performance-based earthquake engineering knowledge and develop implementation tools to improve design practice, inform decision-makers, and revise codes and standards for buildings, lifelines, and geo-structures; 5-year annualized cost of $46.7 million/year, for a total 20-year cost of $891.5 million.

15. Guidelines for Earthquake-Resilient Lifeline Systems. Conduct lifelines-focused collaborative research to better characterize infrastructure network vulnerability and resilience as the basis for the systematic review and updating of existing lifelines standards and guidelines, with targeted pilot programs and demonstration projects; 5-year annualized cost of $5 million/year, for a total 20-year cost of $100 million.

16. Next Generation Sustainable Materials, Components, and Systems. Develop and deploy new high-performance materials, components, and framing systems that are green and/or adaptive; the 5-year annualized cost of $8.2 million/year, for a total 20-year cost of $334.4 million.

17. Knowledge, Tools, and Technology Transfer to/from the Private Sector. Initiate a program to encourage and coordinate technology transfer across the NEHRP domain to ensure the deployment of state-of-the-art mitigation techniques across the nation, particularly in regions of moderate seismic hazard; 5-year annualized cost of $8.4 million/year, for a total 20-year cost of $168 million.

18. Earthquake-Resilient Community and Regional Demonstration Projects. Support and guide community-based earthquake resiliency pilot projects to apply NEHRP-generated and other knowledge to improve awareness, reduce risk, and improve emergency preparedness and recovery capacity; 5-year annualized cost of $15.6 million/year, for a total 20-year cost of $1 billion.

Timing of Roadmap Components

The committee recommends that all the tasks identified here be initiated immediately, contingent on the availability of funds, and suggests that such an approach would represent an appropriate balance between practical activities to enhance national earthquake resilience and the research that is needed to provide a sound basis for such activities. The committee also notes that the two “observatory” elements of the roadmap, Task 2 and Task 11, will provide fundamental information to be used by numerous other tasks.

However, at a lower component level within individual tasks, there are some elements that should be implemented and/or initiated immediately whereas others will have to await the results of earlier activities. The need for sequencing individual task components is most clearly expressed in the detailed breakdowns for Tasks 13, 14, and 16, as described in Tables E.5 , E.7 , and E.9 respectively. For example, the component to develop reliable tools for collapse computations within Task 13 includes scoping studies, a workshop, and development of a work-plan in year 3 that would be followed by experimentation using NEES facilities on critical components of framing systems in years 4-7, experimentation using NEES facilities and E-Defense on multiple framing systems to collapse in years 6-10, and concurrent development of improved hysteretic models of structural components through failure in years 4-20, understanding of the triggers for collapse of framing systems in years 6-10, improved system-level collapse computations and FE codes in years 6-15, validation of improved computational procedures using NEES facilities and E-Defense in years 11-20, as well as 5-yearly syntheses of results and preparation of technical briefs.

Earthquake Resilience and Agency Coordination

It is important to recognize that the four NEHRP agencies, although comprising a critical core group for building earthquake knowledge, constitutes only part of the national research and application enterprise. For example, the National Science Foundation (NSF) part of NEHRP includes only earthquake engineering and social sciences, viewed by NSF as “directed” research, whereas highly relevant earthquake knowledge also comes from “non-directed” research programs in NSF. In the applications area, virtually every agency that builds or operates facilities contributes to the goals of NEHRP by adopting practices or codes to reduce earthquake impacts. These agencies include the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Departments of Transportation, Energy, and Housing and Urban Development. Beyond the role of the federal agencies, government agencies at all levels similarly play a critical role in application of earthquake

knowledge, as does the private sector, especially in the area of building design. Altogether, the contributors to reducing earthquake losses constitute a complex enterprise that goes far beyond the scope of NEHRP. But NEHRP provides an important focus for this far-flung endeavor. The committee considers that an analysis to determine whether coordination among all organizations that contribute to NEHRP could be improved would be useful and timely.

Implementing NEHRP Knowledge

The United States had not experienced a great earthquake since 1964, when Alaska was struck by a magnitude-9.2 event. The damage in Alaska was relatively light because of the sparse population. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake was the most recent truly devastating U.S. shock, as recent destructive earthquakes have been only moderate in size. Consequently, a sense has developed that the country can cope effectively with the earthquake threat and is, in fact, “resilient.” However, coping with moderate events may not be a true indicator of preparedness for a great one, as demonstrated by Hurricane Katrina. The central United States last experienced a devastating sequence of great earthquakes in 1811-1812 in the Mississippi Valley area centered on New Madrid, MO. The East Coast was shocked in 1886 by an earthquake near magnitude-7 at Charleston, SC. These events are now far from the consciousness of the public, and little has been done to prepare for similar events in these regions in the future. The committee believes that efforts should be expanded to anticipate the effects and disruptions that could be caused by a great U.S. earthquake, especially an event in the central or eastern United States where little preparation has been undertaken.

Most critical decisions that reduce earthquake vulnerability and manage earthquake risk are made in the private sector by individuals and companies. The information provided by NEHRP, if made available in an understandable format, and accompanied by diffusion processes, can greatly assist citizens in their decision-making. For example, maps of active faults, unstable ground, and historic seismicity can influence where people choose to live, and maps of relative ground shaking can guide building design.

NEHRP will have accomplished its fundamental purpose—an earthquake-resilient nation—when those responsible for earthquake risk and for managing the consequences of earthquake events use the knowledge and services created by NEHRP and other related endeavors to make our communities more earthquake resilient. Resiliency requires awareness of earthquake risk, knowing what to do in response to that risk, and doing it. But providing information is not enough to achieve resilience—the

diffusion of NEHRP knowledge and implementation of that knowledge are necessary corollaries. Successfully diffusing NEHRP knowledge into communities and among the earthquake professionals, state and local government officials, building owners, lifeline operators, and others who have the responsibility for how buildings, systems, and institutions respond to and recover from earthquakes, will require a dedicated and strategic effort. This diffusion role reflects the limited authority that resides with federal agencies in addressing the earthquake threat. Local and state governments have responsibility for public safety and welfare, including powers to regulate land use to avoid hazards, enforce building codes, provide warnings to threatened communities, and respond to an event. The goals and objectives of NEHRP are aimed at supporting and facilitating measures to improve resilience through private owners and businesses, and supporting local and state agencies in carrying out their duties. Although implementing NEHRP knowledge must move ahead expeditiously, it is also essential that the frontiers of knowledge be advanced in concert, requiring that improving understanding of the earthquake threat, reducing risk, and developing the processes to motivate implementation actions, should all be continuing endeavors.

The United States will certainly be subject to damaging earthquakes in the future. Some of these earthquakes will occur in highly populated and vulnerable areas. Coping with moderate earthquakes is not a reliable indicator of preparedness for a major earthquake in a populated area. The recent, disastrous, magnitude-9 earthquake that struck northern Japan demonstrates the threat that earthquakes pose. Moreover, the cascading nature of impacts-the earthquake causing a tsunami, cutting electrical power supplies, and stopping the pumps needed to cool nuclear reactors-demonstrates the potential complexity of an earthquake disaster. Such compound disasters can strike any earthquake-prone populated area. National Earthquake Resilience presents a roadmap for increasing our national resilience to earthquakes.

The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) is the multi-agency program mandated by Congress to undertake activities to reduce the effects of future earthquakes in the United States. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-the lead NEHRP agency-commissioned the National Research Council (NRC) to develop a roadmap for earthquake hazard and risk reduction in the United States that would be based on the goals and objectives for achieving national earthquake resilience described in the 2008 NEHRP Strategic Plan. National Earthquake Resilience does this by assessing the activities and costs that would be required for the nation to achieve earthquake resilience in 20 years.

National Earthquake Resilience interprets resilience broadly to incorporate engineering/science (physical), social/economic (behavioral), and institutional (governing) dimensions. Resilience encompasses both pre-disaster preparedness activities and post-disaster response. In combination, these will enhance the robustness of communities in all earthquake-vulnerable regions of our nation so that they can function adequately following damaging earthquakes. While National Earthquake Resilience is written primarily for the NEHRP, it also speaks to a broader audience of policy makers, earth scientists, and emergency managers.

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Essay on Earthquake

Students are often asked to write an essay on Earthquake in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Earthquake

What is an earthquake.

An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the Earth’s surface. It happens when the Earth’s tectonic plates move and clash with each other. This movement releases energy, causing the ground to shake.

Causes of Earthquakes

Earthquakes mainly occur due to the movement of tectonic plates. Sometimes, they can also be caused by volcanic eruptions or landslides.

Effects of Earthquakes

Earthquakes can cause buildings to collapse, landslides, and tsunamis. They can lead to loss of life and property.

Preventing Earthquake Damage

We can’t prevent earthquakes, but we can reduce their impact by building earthquake-resistant structures and planning for emergencies.

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250 Words Essay on Earthquake

Introduction.

Earthquakes, a natural phenomenon, are the shaking, rolling, or sudden shock of the earth’s surface. They are among the most powerful and terrifying events on earth.

Earthquakes are primarily caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth’s surface. When these plates move past each other, they sometimes get stuck at their edges due to friction. When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel through the earth’s crust and cause the shaking that we feel.

Impacts of Earthquakes

The impact of earthquakes can be devastating, leading to loss of life and massive damage to infrastructure. They can trigger landslides and tsunamis, further escalating the destruction. The 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan, which triggered a destructive tsunami, is a stark reminder of their potential devastation.

Earthquake Preparedness

Knowledge and preparedness are key to minimizing the effects of earthquakes. Seismology, the study of earthquakes, has enabled us to understand their behavior and, to a certain extent, predict their occurrence. Building codes and emergency response strategies can also be developed to mitigate their impacts.

While we cannot prevent earthquakes, understanding their causes and effects can help us to prepare and mitigate their impacts. As we advance in technology and knowledge, we hope to improve our ability to predict and respond to these powerful natural phenomena.

500 Words Essay on Earthquake

Earthquakes, a natural phenomenon, are the sudden shaking or trembling of the Earth’s surface. They are caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth’s crust. These movements release energy stored in the rocks causing the ground to shake, often resulting in significant damage and loss of life.

The Science Behind Earthquakes

The Earth’s lithosphere is divided into several large and small tectonic plates. These plates are continually moving, albeit very slowly, due to the convection currents in the underlying asthenosphere. When these plates interact at their boundaries, they may either move apart (divergent boundary), move towards each other (convergent boundary), or slide past each other (transform boundary). The majority of earthquakes occur along these plate boundaries.

The energy that causes an earthquake is stored in rocks as elastic strain energy. When the stress on the rock exceeds its strength, it breaks, releasing this stored energy as seismic waves. These waves travel through the Earth, causing the ground to shake.

Measuring Earthquakes

Earthquakes are measured using a seismometer, which records the seismic waves as a series of wiggly lines called a seismogram. The magnitude of an earthquake is quantified using the Richter scale, a logarithmic scale that measures the amplitude of seismic waves. The intensity of an earthquake, however, is measured by the Modified Mercalli scale, which takes into account the observed effects and damage caused by the earthquake.

The immediate effect of an earthquake is ground shaking, which can cause buildings to collapse, landslides, and even tsunamis if the earthquake occurs under the ocean. These can result in significant loss of life and property.

In the long term, earthquakes can change the Earth’s surface, causing changes in the landscape, altering river courses, and creating new landforms. They can also have significant socio-economic impacts, disrupting communities, economies, and infrastructure.

Earthquake Preparedness and Mitigation

As earthquakes can strike without warning, preparedness is crucial. This includes having an emergency plan, securing heavy items in buildings, and knowing how to ‘Drop, Cover, and Hold On’ during an earthquake.

Mitigation measures include land-use planning, adopting earthquake-resistant construction practices, and improving early warning systems. Moreover, understanding the science of earthquakes is key to predicting them, which can help in minimizing their impacts.

Earthquakes are a powerful reminder of the dynamic nature of our planet. Despite their destructive potential, they play a crucial role in shaping the Earth’s landscape. Understanding the science behind earthquakes and implementing effective preparedness and mitigation strategies can significantly reduce their devastating impacts. As we advance in technology and knowledge, we continue to find ways to coexist with this inevitable natural phenomenon.

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Essay on Earthquake in English for Children and Students

Table of Contents

Essay on Earthquake: The earthquake is one of the most terrible natural disasters. Its source can be traced to the early days of earth formation. It is responsible for a great loss of life and property. It is, therefore, a great problem for mankind. The word earthquake is derived from the Greek words, ‘earth’ meaning ground and ‘quake’ meaning shaking or trembling. An earthquake, therefore, is a shaking or trembling of the earth.

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Earthquake occurs due to disturbance in the tectonic plates that lie under the surface of Earth. Earthquakes may be brief and mild or big and destructive. Our planet has suffered several severe and mild earthquakes since centuries. Earthquakes are mostly brief but can cause mass destruction within seconds. People around the world have suffered immensely due to earthquakes in the past.

Long and Short Essay on Earthquake in English

Here are essay on Earthquake of varying lengths to help you with the topic in your exam. You can select any Earthquake essay as per you need:

Short Essay on Earthquake in 200 words

Earthquakes occur suddenly, usually without any warning signs, and can cause huge destruction. Though there is a separate branch of science referred to as seismology that study about earthquakes and tries to predicts their occurrence however, it doesn’t help in determining the exact time or date of this natural calamity.

Scientists around the world constantly try to predict the occurrence of earthquakes. While seismology department does warn against Earthquake in certain areas in future however it is unable to find out as to when exactly it would occur.

As it is said, little knowledge is dangerous hence lame predictions about earthquakes do more harm to the people than good. People begin to live in constant fear of earthquake. Panic among people living in such areas can be seen clearly as they can hardly do much about safeguarding themselves from the possible destruction caused due to this natural calamity.

However, earthquakes aren’t always severe and destructive. At times, these are small and mild. Sometimes, these are so mild that people do not even get to know that these have occurred. However, even at the slightest of tremors, it is suggested to evacuate the buildings and come out in an open area to ensure safety.

Essay on Earthquake in 300 words

Earthquakes and volcanoes are two natural calamities that occur due to the changes in the surface of Earth. Man has little or just no role in bringing about these natural disasters. Earthquakes and volcanoes are said to be interrelated. It has been observed that volcanic regions are more prone to earthquakes that often serve as a warning sign of an impending volcano.

Earthquake is basically the shaking of the Earth. Earthquakes either occur due to the movement of tectonic plates under the Earth’s surface or because of the movement of magma in volcanoes. The ones caused due to magma movements may be followed by volcanic eruptions. Earthquakes can be weak as well as violent. While the weak volcanoes are hardly felt, the violent ones can result in the devastation of big buildings and huge loss of life. Numerous earthquakes have occurred in different parts of the world causing severe destructions.

Volcano is the eruption of hot lava from the surface of Earth. It occurs when the Earth’s crust ruptures. Hot lava, poisonous gases and volcanic ash come out by way of volcanic eruptions and can cause vast destruction. Different types of volcanoes include super volcanoes, sub-glacial volcanoes, underwater volcanoes and mud volcanoes.

What is Volcanic Earthquake?

Volcanic earthquake also known as volcano tectonic earthquake is caused due to the movement of magma. This movement exerts pressure and causes changes in the rock around the magma and this eventually leads to volcanic earthquake. These earthquakes are known to cause major destruction that may include ground deformation, uprooting of buildings and ground cracks.

Both earthquakes and volcanoes may result in severe loss for the mankind. While scientists try their best to predict both of these, they haven’t been successful in determining the time and date for these natural disasters. People living in earthquake and volcano prone areas must stay vigilant and be prepared to face these and should act calmly and wisely if such a problem occurs.

Essay on Earthquake in 400 words

Earthquakes are caused due to the movement of magnum or tectonic plates under the Earth’s surface. They may vary in severity, time and other factors. Earthquakes have been classified into various categories. The effect they cause varies based on their type.

Types of Earthquake

There are different types of earthquakes that have been experienced on our planet. Here is a look at the main types of earthquakes:

Tectonic Earthquake

A tectonic earthquake is an outcome of the breakage of Earth’s crust because of exertion of pressure on rocks and tectonic plates.

This is often a mild earthquake that takes place in the same area that has been hit by a severe earthquake few hours, days or weeks before.

A small earthquake that takes place before a severe earthquake is referred to as a foreshock.

Explosion Earthquake

This type of earthquake occurs because of explosion of a chemical and nuclear device.

Volcanic Earthquake

It is an earthquake that occurs due to the combination of tectonic forces and volcanic activities.

Collapse Earthquake

This type of earthquake is caused due to the explosion of rocks. These are generally mild earthquakes that occur due to mining activities.

Submarine Earthquake

It is an earthquake that takes place underwater particularly at the bottom of an ocean. It is commonly referred to as Tsunami.

Causes of Earthquake

An earthquake basically is an outcome of the movements of tectonic plates beneath the Earth’s surface. However, these are also caused due to certain other reasons. These are mostly natural reasons however sometimes these can even be man-made. Given below are the various causes of earthquakes:

Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanic eruptions are a common cause of earthquake. Areas that are faced with frequent volcanic activities are more prone to earthquakes.

Geological Fault

It occurs because of the displacement of plates from their original position. As the rocks move alongside these planes, it brings about tectonic earthquakes.

Human Activities

Man is known to influence various natural activities and earthquakes are no exception. Nuclear bombing, building of dams and mining are few such human activities that can cause earthquake.

Effects of Earthquake

Mild earthquakes are harmless however the violent ones can cause mass destruction. Numerous lives are lost, several people are injured and many houses and other buildings are devastated during this natural calamity.

Earthquake is a dangerous natural calamity that has caused huge damage in various parts of the world. It cannot be avoided as the scientists are not able to predict its occurrence accurately.

Also Read: Speech on Earthquake in simple and easy words

Essay on Earthquake in 500 words

Earthquake is a natural calamity which is capable of causing vast destruction and there is no way to stop it from occurring. Our planet has been hit by a number of strong earthquakes of different magnitudes that have led to the loss of many innocent lives and heavy damage to the property. A need for disaster management for earthquake was felt owing to the huge and frequent damage they had been causing around the world.

Earthquake Management

The seismic department studies earthquakes. The department monitors the environment and the activities that occurs under the Earth’s surface in an attempt to predict earthquakes and their severity. However, it has largely failed in predicting the exact date and time of occurrence of the earthquake.

Since it is almost impossible to forecast and avoid the occurrence of earthquakes, we must prepare ourselves to lower the losses caused by these. Japan for instance is highly prone to earthquakes. However, their preparedness to handle this natural calamity ensures little or no damage to property and life in the country.

The recent earthquakes that jolted India have shown how under-prepared we are to handle this natural calamity. A need to build an environment which is earthquake resistant has been felt. Though, this cannot be full proof however efforts in this direction can certainly help bring down the magnitude of losses.

Extensive research is going on in this direction. Builders are being encouraged to build earthquake resistant structures. Special degree in Earthquake Engineering is being imparted to prepare our future generations to tackle this natural disaster smartly. Structural Earthquake Engineering, Geo-technical Earthquake Engineering, Remote Sensing and Seismology are the fields that are being explored and taught.

Do not Panic during an Earthquake

It is but natural to panic during any difficult situation however doing so only worsens the problem. We must thus not panic during earthquake. We should rather act wisely. Here are few things you can do to lower the possibility of disaster:

Come out of your house/ office/ shop and gather in an open place.
Do not use elevator. Take the stairs to go down.
Make sure you are at a safe place as you come out and not somewhere where there is a possibility of falling objects or collapsing building.
Get under a table or bed if you cannot move out.
Stay calm and don’t indulge in negative talks.
Help those caught inside or in need if you can.

Earthquake: Precautions to be taken

People living in earthquake prone areas must stay alert and prepared to handle this natural disaster at all times. Here are certain things that they must keep handy:

Necessary medicines
Canned packaged food
Camp stoves that can be installed outdoors
Enough drinking water
Sanitation stock
Cash/ Debit card/ Credit Card
Important Certificates/ documents

It is a good idea to prepare a bag that can be carried easily in case of emergency.

The government must take measures to ensure the destruction caused by this natural calamity is lowered. In case of a severe earthquake, the government must take measures to help people who lose their houses and other important belongings. The government must be prepared to handle such an emergency situation efficiently so that people do not suffer further.

Essay on Earthquake in 600 words

Earthquakes occur when the tectonic plates shift and climb over one another. This leads to mountain building referred to as orogeny which is the cause of severe earthquakes. Thus, the tectonic plates that lie under the surface of Earth are responsible for this natural calamity. Just like many other parts of the world, India has also experienced numerous earthquakes in different areas. While some of these have caused serious destruction others have largely gone unnoticed.

Major Earthquakes in India

Our country has suffered from some major earthquakes in the past that have led to severe damage and immense panic among people. Some of the major earthquakes experienced in India are as follows:

The Hindu Kush Earthquake (26 October 2015) : This was a magnitude 7.5 earthquake that caused vast destruction in South Asia. Jammu and Kashmir in India was jolted by this quake and tremors were felt in many other parts of Northern India. With its epicentre in Afghanistan, the quake caused tremendous destruction in the country as well as in its neighbouring country Pakistan. Statistics reveal that 399 people lost their lives and as many as 2539 were injured during this earthquake.

The May 2015 Nepal Earthquake : Yet another severe earthquake in Nepal that led to havoc in India too as strong tremors were felt in various parts of our country including Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Delhi. With its epicentre in Dolakha and Sindhupal Chowk, Nepal it was a 7.3 magnitude earthquake. Considered to be an aftermath of the April 2015 earthquake, it took away 218 lives and injured more than 3200 people.

The April 2015 Nepal Earthquake : This is said to be one of the major earthquakes that has ever occurred in the recent times. It was a 7.8 magnitude earthquake. The epicentre of this earthquake was Gorkha District in Nepal however strong tremors were felt in various parts of India too. It led to the devastation of many buildings and took as many as 9,000 lives. 22,000 people were injured during the event.

Bhuj Earthquake (26 January 2001): This was one of the most devastating natural calamities that ever hit our country. The earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 lasted for more than 2 minutes and wrecked havoc on the beautiful Indian state of Gujarat. Numerous buildings were devastated as a result of this earthquake. It killed around 20,000 people and injured as many as 167,000 people.

The Latur Earthquake (30 September 1993): The Latur earthquake hit the Indian state of Maharashtra. This 6.2 magnitude earthquake mainly affected the districts of Latur and Osmanabad. It demolished as many as 52 villages in Maharashtra and killed around 10,000 people. As many as 30,000 people were injured during the event.

Uttarkashi Earthquake (2 nd October 1991): The earthquake with a 6.8 magnitude hit Gharwal and Uttarkashi in Uttrakhand. Strong tremors were felt in these two regions and various other parts of Uttar Pradesh. It caused mass destruction. Numerous buildings were wrecked during the event. More than 700 people lost their lives and numerous others became homeless.

Earthquake Prone Areas in India

Almost every part of India has been hit by earthquake at some point or the other. While some areas in the country are highly prone to earthquakes others stand a low chance of being hit by them. Some of the earthquake prone areas in the country include Srinagar, Mumbai, Delhi, Guwahati, Pune, Kolkata, Chennai, Patna, Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram. All these regions have felt strong tremors of earthquake in the past and stand a high chance of experiencing the same in future as well.

India has seen major destruction due to earthquakes. Many buildings have been damaged and several people have lost their lives due to this natural calamity. We wish and pray to God that such strong tremors don’t occur in future.

Essay on Earthquake in 800 words

An earthquake is a tremor that is produced when two surfaces of earth, underneath the surface, slip against each other and release seismic waves. Thus, an earthquake implies a sudden release of energy from within the earth, which takes the form of tremors, generally called earthquake. World over, around fifty thousand earthquakes occur annually, but only about hundred of them are potentially dangerous. Little was understood about them until the 20 th century, when Seismology was introduced as a study of earthquakes. In the following essay we will go through the causes, effects and facts about earthquakes.

Causes of Earthquakes

Earthquakes are caused by the movement or breaking of rocks underneath the surface of earth. Under earth’s surface layers of rocks stay connected to each other. The rocks or plates push each other continuously, but doesn’t move as the forces balance each other.

However, if the rocks break or layers move against each other, seismic waves are produced which reach the surface in form of tremors known as earthquake. Hence earthquake is felt as long as the rocks are rubbing against each other and ceases as soon as the rocks get stuck again. In seismic language, the point immediately below where the rocks break is called the focus and the point immediately above is called the epicenter.

Measurement

The severity of an earthquake is measured in Richter scale. A strong earthquake has a high value on Richter scale while a low earthquake has a lower value.

An earthquake which measures 6 to 7 on Richter scale is potentially damaging to life and property, while the effects of earthquake measuring 4 to 5 on Richter scale could result only in mild tremors or a little structural damage.

There are many effects of earthquake and may include the following; though, they are not limited to the effects mentioned here below-

1) Tremors or Shaking

Shaking of ground is the first effect of earthquake and is also the most damaging one. The severity of shaking; however, depends on the magnitude of earthquake and the distance of the place from the epicenter. An earthquake measuring around 6 or above on Richter scale has an ability to destroy even the most strongest of buildings, depending on their proximity to the epicenter.

2) Ground Rupture

Sometimes, an earthquake measuring high on Richter scale could cause visible rupture in the ground along the fault line. Sometimes, when the earthquake is potentially high on Richter scale, a ground rupture measuring several meters deep and several kilometers long, may result. Such ground ruptures are considerably harmful to significant structures like dams, nuclear power stations and bridges.

Earthquakes can cause forest fires, as tremors force the trees to rub each other, thereby generating heat and sparks. There have been forest fires recorded after earthquakes. Moreover, an earthquake can cause fire in urban areas also, by rupturing electrical lines and damaging electrical protection systems.

4) Landslides

Landslides are the most common aftereffects of earthquake in hilly areas. Shaking of earth displaces the soil on sloppy hills, resulting in a landslide. The landslides sometimes could be potentially more dangerous than the earthquake itself, as they contain debris like trees and rocks, and have a high potential to damage life and property.

Tsunami is the most severe and frightening aftereffect of earthquake. Tsunami is caused when the epicenter of an earthquake lies under the ocean surface. An earthquake in the sea bed results in waves those are not more than a ripple over the epicenter, but as they travel towards the shore, they get bigger, faster and stronger. A wave only measuring 1 meter above the epicenter could measure 100 meters at the shores, resulting in huge loss of life and tremendous damage to the property.

What to do in an Earthquake?

Though the science of studying earthquake has developed significantly, and today it’s possible to forecast an earthquake, even then it might not be possible in every place and situation. Below given are some of the safety precautions you could take when caught in a situation, to save yourself and family from harm.

Situation 1 – Outdoors

If you are outdoors and sense an earthquake, move away from buildings, poles, trees as fast as you can. The greatest danger is immediately outside of a building and near boundaries. When caught outside in an earthquake it’s wise to stand still on a clear ground, away from any structure that could fall upon you.

Situation 2 – Indoors

If you are caught in an earthquake inside a building, the best option for you would be to find some sturdy and strong table or bed and lie down below it, ducking your head under your arms. Stay put in this position until the tremor ceases or help arrives.

Situation 3 – Driving a Vehicle

If you are driving and sense an earthquake, then move as fast as possible from buildings and other high structures and stay inside the vehicle. Even after earthquake, proceed cautiously and avoid bridges if possible, as the tremors might have damaged them.

Earthquakes are a natural phenomenon and despite our knowledge on them, we cannot stop them from occurring; nevertheless, we can always act wisely when caught in the situation, saving our life as well as life of others.

Essay on Earthquake FAQs

What is called an earthquake.

An earthquake is the shaking of the ground caused by sudden movements in Earth's crust.

What makes an earthquake?

Earthquakes happen when the Earth's plates suddenly move or slide past each other, releasing energy that causes the ground to shake.

What is the topic of an earthquake?

The topic of an earthquake revolves around the shaking and vibrations in the Earth's surface caused by geological movements.

What is the meaning of earthquake in English?

Earthquake in English refers to the shaking or trembling of the ground due to geological forces.

What is the introduction of an earthquake?

An earthquake introduction would cover the basics: how it occurs due to tectonic plate movements, causing shaking or trembling of the ground.

How do you write an earthquake essay?

To write an earthquake essay, start with an introduction explaining what an earthquake is, discuss its causes, effects, and safety measures, and conclude with preventive measures.

What is an earthquake in 150 words?

An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the Earth's surface caused by movements in the Earth's crust. These movements release energy, creating seismic waves that make the ground shake, potentially causing damage to structures and landscapes. Safety measures and preparedness are crucial to mitigate the impact of earthquakes.

Mitigation of Earthquake Hazards Essay

Introduction.

Mitigation is a complex term that is differently understood by different professionals. Most of them put mitigation as the reduction/ lessening of a threat thus making it less serious. It may not necessarily mean to do away completely with the threat.

In overcoming any threat like climate change, different personnel have to play part effectively so as to bring forth the desired results. Earthquakes have become a serious cause of rampant deaths and other destructions that are not pleasing. The community is trying to mitigate earthquakes to reduce the alarming deaths and destructions they cause.

Different personnel are to play part in this mitigation phase. The general way of eliminating any hazards is through education and so the school board has to play part in mitigation of earthquakes. Other personnel who are ought to take part in this mitigation are psychologists, geologists, construction engineers, architects and politicians. All theses parties found in the community and they work together with the school playing the biggest role to mitigate earthquakes (Godschalk, 1999).

The different personnel involved in mitigation of earthquakes have various roles they ought to play. To begin with we look at geologists. These are professionals who carry scientific study of the earth’s interior and the reactions and changes that take place in earth’s interior.

Geologists are in a position to know when an earthquake will occur and how strong it shall be. They can also identify the areas where earthquakes are frequent. The school board is a program that was set in the United States. It mainly deals with disaster preparedness, its mitigation and also how it can be managed.

The school board makes students in public schools to be aware of the hazards in the local community. Architects are personnel who design and control construction. They play an important role that is supposed to be done perfectly to avoid collapsing of buildings during earthquakes. Psychologists are scientist who study the minds of human beings and animals and also guide in control of problems related to the mind.

Psychologists play a big role in mitigating earthquakes by making people to be psychologically prepared to face the hazards. The construction engineers are professionals who budget and run the construction activities and also locate where the buildings shall be constructed. Politicians are people elected by the people to represent them in the government and also to lead those under their power (Ayothiraman & Hazarika, 2008).

All the above personnel can work systematically to mitigate earthquakes. The geologists after discovering how the hazard will be strong, they should let the psychologists know. This is in case of immediate earthquakes. The psychologists are then ought to prepare people’s brains to face the hazard.

The geologists should also inform the architects on the areas where earthquakes are likely to occur and how strong they will be able. This will enable the architects to design buildings that can withstand the strong shaking of the earth. The architects should also advice the construction engineers on where to use very strong materials to get strong buildings. The politicians in most cases play their roles after the catastrophes have hit.

The politicians should sympathize with the victims to make them be at peace. The politicians should also arrange for migration of people from areas where the earthquakes are going to hit strongly. Lastly, the school board plays a good role and they should work hand in hand to bring awareness to the public about earthquakes. The school board is ought to explain to the public on what to do after the calamity has hit (Godschalk, 1999).

The geologists, politicians, architects, construction engineers, psychologists and the school have a common role. This role is directed towards mitigating earthquakes. If each of the latter parties plays its role perfectly, then definitely earthquake hazards will be mitigated and thus save many lives that are been lost like it happened in Japan a few months ago. The community has to be educated on this just as the school board is doing.

Ayothiraman. R. & Hazarika. H. (2008). Earthquake hazards and mitigation . London: I. K. International Pvt Ltd.

Godschalk, D. R. (1999). Natural hazard mitigation: Recasting disaster policy and planning . New Jersey, NJ: Island Press.

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Earthquake Essay

An earthquake occurs due to disturbances in the tectonic plates below the Earth’s surface, it can be short and medium or large and destructive.

Earthquakes are mostly small, but can cause mass destruction within seconds, our planet has suffered many severe and mild earthquakes over the centuries.

Recently, earthquakes have caused a lot of damage to people all over the world.

Essay on Earthquake 200 words:

Earthquakes occur suddenly, usually without warning or signs, and can cause mass destruction.

Although there is a separate branch of science called seismic that studies earthquakes and tries to predict their occurrence, it does not help to determine the exact time or date of this natural disaster.

Scientists around the world constantly try to predict the occurrence of earthquakes.

Although the seismology department warns against earthquakes in some areas in the future, it is unable to determine when exactly it will occur.

As the saying goes, little knowledge is dangerous, so lame predictions about earthquakes do more harm to the people.

People get scared due to earthquake.

Panic can be seen clearly among the people living in such areas as they cannot do much about protecting themselves from the possible destruction caused by this natural disaster.

However, earthquakes are not always severe and catastrophic sometimes they are small and light and sometimes, they are so mild that people don’t even know that it happened.

However, even in minor setbacks, it is suggested to evacuate buildings and come out in an open area to ensure safety.

Essay on Earthquake Disaster Management 300 words:

Earthquakes and volcanoes are two natural disasters caused by changes in the Earth’s surface.

Humans have little or no role in bringing about these natural disasters.

Earthquakes and volcanoes are said to be interlinked because it has been observed that volcanic regions are more prone to earthquakes which often act as warning signs of an adjacent volcano.

Earthquake:

Earthquake is basically the movement of the Earth.

Earthquakes are caused either by the motion of tectonic plates below the Earth’s surface or by the motion of magma in volcanoes.

Volcanoes caused by magma movements can occur after an eruption.

Earthquakes can be violent as well as weak, while weak volcanoes are rarely felt, violent ones can lead to the destruction of large buildings and heavy loss of life.

There have been many earthquakes in different parts of the world which cause severe destruction.

A volcano is an eruption of hot lava from the Earth’s surface, this is when the earth’s crust bursts.

Hot lava, poisonous gases and volcanic ash move out of the way of volcanic eruptions and can cause huge destruction.

Various types of volcanoes include super volcanoes, sub glacial volcanoes, underwater volcanoes and clay volcanoes.

Volcanic earthquake:

Volcanic earthquakes also known as volcanic tectonic earthquakes are caused by the movement of magma.

This movement creates pressure and changes in the rock around the magma and eventually leads to a volcanic earthquake.

These earthquakes are believed to cause major destruction which may include ground deformation, uprooting of buildings and ground cracks.

Conclusion:

Both earthquakes and volcanoes can result in serious harm to mankind.

Although scientists try their best to predict both, they have not been able to determine the time and date for these natural disasters.

People living in earthquake and volcano affected areas should be attentive, ready to face them and should work in peace and understanding in case of such problem.

Earthquake Essay 400 words:

Earthquakes are caused by the motion of magnum or tectonic plates below the Earth’s surface.

They may vary in cruelty, time, and other factors, they have been classified into various categories and their effect due to them varies depending on their type.

Types of Earthquake:

There have been various types of earthquakes on our planet.

Here are the main types of earthquakes as follows:

Tectonic earthquake: Tectonic earthquake is a result of the rupture of the earth’s crust due to pressure on rocks and tonic plates.

After the shock: It is often a mild earthquake that occurs in the same area that had been hit by a severe earthquake a few hours, days or weeks before.

Before the shock: A small earthquake that precedes a severe earthquake is called a foreboding.

Explosion Earthquake: This type of earthquake is caused by the explosion of a chemical and nuclear device.

Volcanic Earthquake: It is an earthquake caused by a combination of tectonic forces and volcanic movements.

Brief Earthquakes: These types of earthquakes are caused by rock eruptions, these are usually mild earthquakes due to mining activities.

Submarine Earthquake: This is an earthquake that occurs especially underwater at the bottom of the sea which is commonly called a tsunami.

Reason of Earthquake:

An earthquake is basically a result of the movements of tectonic plates below the Earth’s surface, however they are also caused by some other reasons.

These are mostly natural causes but sometimes they can also be man-made, the various causes of earthquake as follows:

Volcanic eruptions: Volcanic eruptions are a common cause of earthquakes, areas where volcanic movements are frequently encountered are more prone to earthquakes.

Geological Fault: It is caused by the displacement of plates from their place of origin as rocks move along these planes, it causes tectonic earthquakes.

Human activities: Humans are known to affect various natural activities and earthquakes are no exception.

Nuclear bombing, construction of dams and mining are some of the human activities that can cause earthquakes.

Earthquake impact: Mild earthquakes are harmless but can cause violent mass destruction.

Many people die, many are injured and many houses and buildings are destroyed during this natural disaster.

An earthquake is a dangerous natural disaster that causes extensive damage in various parts of the world.

This cannot be avoided as scientists are not able to estimate its occurrence accurately.

Earthquake Essay 500 words:

An earthquake is a natural disaster that causes mass destruction and there is no way to prevent it from happening.

Our planet has been affected by many strong earthquakes of different magnitude, which has led to the loss of many innocent people and caused great damage to property.

The need for disaster management for earthquakes was realized due to the huge and persistent losses that have arisen worldwide.

Measurement:

Earthquake severity is measured in the Richter scale.

A strong earthquake has a high value on the Richter scale while a low earthquake has a low value.

An earthquake measuring 6 to 7 on the Richter scale potentially causes damage to life and property, while an earthquake measuring 4 to 5 on the Richter scale can cause only mild tremors or little structural damage.

Effect of Earthquake- Earthquake Essay:

Earthquakes have many effects and may include the following, however, they are not limited to the effects mentioned below-

Earth shaking is the first impact of earthquake and also the most damaging, however the intensity depends on the earthquake and the distance of the place from the epicenter.

Earthquakes of about 6 or more on the Richter scale have the potential to destroy most buildings, depending on the proximity of the epicenter.

Ground breaking:

Occasionally, measuring high earthquakes on the Richter scale can cause ground breaks along the fault line to appear.

Occasionally, when earthquakes are potentially higher on the Richter scale, a terrain several meters deep and several kilometers long may break.

Such ground breakdowns are quite harmful for important structures such as dams, nuclear power stations and bridges.

Earthquakes can cause forest fires, as shocks force trees to rub each other, creating heat and sparks.

Forest fires have been recorded after the earthquake.

In addition, earthquakes can also occur in urban areas by breakdown of electrical lines and damage to electrical safety systems.

Landslides are the most common cause of earthquakes in hilly areas.

Earth’s shaking displaces soil on muddy hills, resulting in landslides.

Landslides can potentially be more dangerous than earthquakes because they contain debris such as trees and rocks, and have a high potential for damage to life and property.

The tsunami is the most frightening and frightening after the earthquake.

Tsunamis occur when the epicenter of the earthquake lies below the surface of the ocean.

Earthquakes cause waves that do not exceed one wave above the sub-center but as they move toward the shore, they become larger, faster, and stronger.

A wave measuring only 1 meter above the epicenter can measure a distance of 100 meters on the shores, causing great loss of life and property. Also read essay on earthquake 600 words.

What to do During an Earthquake?

Although the science of studying earthquakes has developed greatly, and today it is possible to forecast earthquakes, yet it is not possible everywhere and in the situation.

Given below are some safety precautions that you can take to protect yourself and your family from harm if caught in a situation.

Case 1 – Out:

If you are outside and feel an earthquake, go as far away from buildings, poles, trees as you can.

The biggest danger is outside a building and near the borders.

When caught outside in an earthquake, it is wise to stand on a clear ground away from any structure that may fall on you.

Case 2 – Indoors:

If you get caught in an earthquake inside a building, the best option for you will be to find and lay down some sturdy and sturdy table or bed, lay your head under your arms.

Stay in this position until the trembling stops or help reaches.

Case 3 – Driving:

If you are driving and feeling an earthquake, move as fast as possible from buildings and other high structures and stay inside the vehicle.

Even after an earthquake, proceed with caution and avoid bridges if possible, as shocks can cause damage to them.

Earthquakes are a natural phenomenon and despite our knowledge, we cannot prevent them from happening, however we can always act sensibly when trapped in a situation, saving our lives as well as the lives of others.

Essay on Earthquake 600 words:

Earthquakes occur when tectonic plates shift and climb each other.

It refers to the mountain building as orogeny which is the cause of severe earthquakes, thus tectonic plates located below the surface of the Earth are responsible for this natural disaster.

Like many other parts of the world, India has also experienced many earthquakes in different regions.

While some of these have caused severe destruction, others have largely gone unnoticed.

Major Earthquakes in India- Earthquake Essay:

Our country has suffered some big earthquakes in the past, which has caused serious harm to people and there is a lot of panic among the people.

Some major earthquakes in India are:

The Hindu Kush Earthquake (26 October 2015):

It was a 7.5 magnitude earthquake that caused widespread devastation in South Asia.

The earthquake hit Jammu and Kashmir in India and tremors were felt in many other parts of northern India.

Due to its earthquake in Afghanistan, the earthquake caused great devastation in the country as well as in its neighboring country Pakistan.

Statistics show that 399 people lost their lives and 2539 were injured during this earthquake.

Nepal Earthquake of May 2015:

Yet another severe earthquake in Nepal, which caused destruction in India too, as vigorous earthquakes were sensed in various parts of our country including Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Delhi.

It was a magnitude 7.3 earthquake with its epicenter at Dolakha and Sindhupal Chowk, Nepal.

It is believed that after the earthquake of April 2015, it killed 21 people and injured more than 3200 people.

Nepal Earthquake of April 2015:

It was recorded as one of the major earthquakes in current occasions with a 7.8 magnitude earthquake.

The epicentre of this earthquake was Gorkha district in Nepal however the tremors have been felt in different parts of India as effectively.

It destroyed many buildings and 9,000 people died and 22,000 have been injured during the incident.

Bhuj Earthquake (26 January 2001):

It was one of the devastating natural disasters that have ever occurred in our nation.

The earthquake lasted for greater than 2 minutes with a magnitude of 7.7 and devastated the state of Gujarat in India.

The earthquake killed about 20,000 individuals and injured 167,000 individuals.

Latur Earthquake (30 September 1993):

The Latur earthquake rocked the state of Maharashtra in India.

A magnitude 6.2 earthquake primarily affected Latur and Osmanabad districts.

It demolished 52 villages in Maharashtra and killed around 10,000 individuals.

More than 30,000 individuals have been injured in the course of the incident.

Uttarkashi Earthquake (2 October 1991):

Earthquake intensity of 6.8 in Uttarakhand and earthquake in Uttarkashi. Sturdy shocks have been felt in these two areas of Uttar Pradesh and different parts.

This led to mass destruction, many buildings being ruined in the course of the incident.

More than 700 individuals lost their lives and plenty of others became homeless.

Earthquake-prone Areas in India:

Almost every part of India has been hit by an earthquake at some point.

Whereas some areas of the nation are extra prone to earthquakes, others are much less likely to be hit.

A number of the earthquake-prone areas within the nation include Srinagar, Mumbai, Delhi, Guwahati, Pune, Kolkata, Chennai, Patna, Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram.

All of those areas have experienced strong earthquake tremors in the past and there is an excessive chance of experiencing the identical in the future.

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Conclusion for Earthquake Essay:

The earthquake has caused the main destruction in India.

As a result of this natural disaster, many buildings have been damaged and many individuals have misplaced their lives.

We pray to God and pray that there are no such strong stocks in future.

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Earthquake Essay

Long and Short Essay on Earthquake in English

Here are essays on Earthquake of varying lengths to help you with the topic in your exam. You can select any Earthquake essay as per you need:

Short Essay on Earthquake – Essay 1 (200 words)

Essay on Earthquakes and Volcanoes – Essay 2 (300 words)

Introduction

What is Volcanic Earthquake?

Essay on Types, Causes and Effects of Earthquake – Essay 3 (400 words)

Types of Earthquake

There are different types of earthquakes that have been experienced on our planet. Here is a look at the main types of earthquakes:

Tectonic Earthquake

A tectonic earthquake is an outcome of the breakage of Earth’s crust because of exertion of pressure on rocks and tectonic plates.

This is often a mild earthquake that takes place in the same area that has been hit by a severe earthquake few hours, days or weeks before.

A small earthquake that takes place before a severe earthquake is referred to as a foreshock.

Explosion Earthquake

This type of earthquake occurs because of explosion of a chemical and nuclear device.

Volcanic Earthquake

It is an earthquake that occurs due to the combination of tectonic forces and volcanic activities.

Collapse Earthquake

This type of earthquake is caused due to the explosion of rocks. These are generally mild earthquakes that occur due to mining activities.

Submarine Earthquake

It is an earthquake that takes place underwater particularly at the bottom of an ocean. It is commonly referred to as Tsunami.

Causes of Earthquake

Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanic eruptions are a common cause of earthquake. Areas that are faced with frequent volcanic activities are more prone to earthquakes.

Geological Fault

It occurs because of the displacement of plates from their original position. As the rocks move alongside these planes, it brings about tectonic earthquakes.

Human Activities

Man is known to influence various natural activities and earthquakes are no exception. Nuclear bombing, building of dams and mining are few such human activities that can cause earthquake.

Effects of Earthquake

Earthquake is a dangerous natural calamity that has caused huge damage in various parts of the world. It cannot be avoided as the scientists are not able to predict its occurrence accurately.

Long Essay on Earthquake Management – Essay 4 (500 words)

Earthquake Management

Do not Panic during an Earthquake

Come out of your house/ office/ shop and gather in an open place.
Do not use elevator. Take the stairs to go down.
Make sure you are at a safe place as you come out and not somewhere where there is a possibility of falling objects or collapsing building.
Get under a table or bed if you cannot move out.
Stay calm and don’t indulge in negative talks.
Help those caught inside or in need if you can.

Earthquake: Precautions to be taken

People living in earthquake prone areas must stay alert and prepared to handle this natural disaster at all times. Here are certain things that they must keep handy:

Necessary medicines
Canned packaged food
Camp stoves that can be installed outdoors
Enough drinking water
Sanitation stock
Cash/ Debit card/ Credit Card
Important Certificates/ documents

It is a good idea to prepare a bag that can be carried easily in case of emergency.

Long Essay on Earthquake in India – Essay 5 (600 words)

Major Earthquakes in India

Our country has suffered from some major earthquakes in the past that have led to severe damage and immense panic among people. Some of the major earthquakes experienced in India are as follows:

Earthquake Prone Areas in India

Long Essay on Earthquake – Essay 6 (800 Words)

Causes of Earthquakes

Measurement

The severity of an earthquake is measured in Richter scale. A strong earthquake has a high value on Richter scale while a low earthquake has a lower value.

There are many effects of earthquake and may include the following; though, they are not limited to the effects mentioned here below-

1) Tremors or Shaking

2) Ground Rupture

4) Landslides

What to do in an Earthquake?

Situation 1 – Outdoors

Situation 2 – Indoors

Situation 3 – Driving a Vehicle

Related Information:

Essays on Disaster Management

International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction

Speech on Disaster Management

Speech on Earthquake

Money essay, music essay, importance of education essay, education essay, newspaper essay, my hobby essay.

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A Salty Young Critic Explains Internet Culture, Patiently

Famed for her fearless literary takedowns, Lauren Oyler adopts a softer tone in the new essay collection “No Judgment.”

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Erin Somers is a reporter for Publishers Lunch and the author of “Stay Up With Hugo Best.”

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NO JUDGMENTS: Essays, by Lauren Oyler

Why do people like to watch boxing? We admire the fighters: their guts, their footwork. It is elegant yet brutal. It entertains. It is a form of proxy violence — someone else being hit and doing the hitting — that taps into our primal urges.

Lauren Oyler made her name as a pugilist. Her breakout essay on the website BookSlut famously begins, “I have always hated Roxane Gay’s writing.” Her reviews get attention partly because she voices the criticism that one may be too politic to express. Typically, that criticism is harsh. Typically, it is funny. Even her 2021 debut novel, “Fake Accounts,” contains a 40-page parody of the fragmentary novel form that was dominant in that moment, especially among women writers. It goes on for so long that the reader has time to love it, hate it, become exasperated with it, resign herself to it and, finally, admire its diabolical commitment.

Now Oyler has returned with “No Judgment,” a collection of eight essays written specifically for the book. Her sense of humor is present, as is her agile thinking. But fans of blood sport won’t find much here to satisfy their baser appetites. Far from incendiary, the book is cleareyed and grounded. Several essays here provoked the surprising thought, “This is the sanest thing I have ever read on this topic.”

The book begins with an introduction explaining that some of the essays were inspired by “a growing agitation about what I perceived to be misunderstandings and fallacies spreading in cultural criticism and commentary.” Others center on personal experiences. Topics include: the evolution of internet gossip, the flawed social network Goodreads and the creep of the word “vulnerable” into arts criticism. The uniting idea, if there is one, seems to be about how people are using or absorbing media wrong, and how this is annoying.

The essays are long and unhurried, and the fare will be familiar to anyone who spends a lot of time online. Many of them involve Twitter discourses of the past few years. Martin Scorsese’s views on Marvel movies make an appearance, as do the online sagas of the writers Lauren Hough, Kathleen Hale and Elizabeth Gilbert, each of whom raised the hackles of the online reviewing community with a variety of consequences.

The first essay, “Embarrassment, Panic, Opprobrium, Job Loss, Etc.,” traces gossip through the 21st century, from the rise and fall of the website Gawker to #MeToo and whisper networks, and the notorious anonymously sourced list of “bad media men” that shook up the magazine world in 2017. These episodes are fluidly stitched together with added context from history and literature, which is the structure of most of the essays in the book. At its best, it feels like your smart friend explaining to you something you missed on the internet, why it’s important and what it means. Occasionally, it feels like your friend overexplaining these things.

Oyler is a sharp and confident critic, and some interpretations in the book are outstanding. For instance, her reading of the film “Tár,” in an essay called “The Power of Vulnerability,” suggests it is not about cancel culture, as many critics wrote when it first came out, but about what would happen if a woman acted like a man. She writes: “We see Tár from rise to downfall, playing the man the entire time. We see her being called maestro. … Most important, we see her in this astounding, unrealistic career, which, in reality, a woman like her would never achieve. Not only because she is a woman, but because she is a woman who acts like a man: cocky, selfish, self-important, rude, on closer inspection a total fraud.” This is an invigorating way to think about the film, and one that sidesteps trite notions of cancellation.

Likewise, in an essay about the forever war of irony versus sincerity, sparked by David Foster Wallace’s 1993 essay “E. Unibus Pluram” and rehashed every few years online, she proposes that the binary itself is fake. “These oppositions are, have always been, reductive, false: A complex work will almost always have both irony and sincerity, and it is possible to express sincere — or authentic, or true — feelings through irony, a rhetorical device that is useful when you want to represent the tension between two conflicting ideas at the same time.”

The collection’s most ambitious essay is an assessment of autofiction as a form rather than a genre. There are many interesting reflections here on Oyler’s own work (“Fake Accounts” is autofiction) and on the work of others — Vladimir Nabokov, Sheila Heti, Sally Rooney and more.

I had never considered, for example, the space between the reader’s projection of an author of autofiction, and who the author really is. That the author can play with this — either defying or reifying the reader’s preconceived notions — is a tool, and a very cool one.

Still, the book’s measuredness cuts both ways. While it likely demonstrates Oyler’s growth as a writer (you can’t be an edgelord all your life), it lacks the boldness of her novel and magazine writing. It is oddly safe. “TED Talks are stupid,” she writes. Well, yeah; The Onion launched a series making fun of them in 2012.

That these essays were written specifically for the book, meaning they did not run as magazine stories or pegged to news events, made me wonder, sometimes, at the why of them. Why these particular topics? Why this set of minor irritations? Is there anything new or definitive about them? Is there a sense of risk, aesthetically or otherwise?

Luckily, the execution is fresh enough to keep one reading. And the barbs, when they do come, are good — in the final essay, a cheap dentist is described as “a tan man in a linoleum hole.” Maybe it’s best to follow the book’s lead and approach it with equanimity: We can appreciate and mourn its maturity both at once.

NO JUDGMENT : Essays | By Lauren Oyler | HarperOne | 288 pp. | $28.99

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