difference between phd doctor and mbbs doctor

• October 11, 2023
• Education Advice

Ph.D. vs. Doctorate: What are the Differences?

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For those who have a deep-seated attitude, pursuing a doctoral degree can be a tough yet beneficial journey. Currently enrolled in a doctorate program means that a person has already scooched over college admissions, went through high stake tests and exams, and finished all those research papers and long hours spent in university libraries hitting the books. While studying for a doctorate entails asserting oneself to an extensive amount of quality time and money , its significance and purpose usually pave the way to a lucrative end.

After having finished the Master’s Degree , students begin to think about their next step in their academic career. Then, paradoxically, while navigating through academia, they find themselves baffled by the immense terms and terminologies used to label specific degrees. Because the terms “Doctorate” and “Ph.D.” are somehow interlocked and overlap, and because “PhD” is sometimes used inconsistently, it can lead to considerable confusion. Ph.D. vs. Doctorate? You might wonder what their difference is, and why they are important. E xplaining what each of these terms stands for, the difference between them, and why they are valuable, can help you steer yourself down the right path from the outset.

Doctorate Degree vs. Ph.D.

At first glance, it is pretty easy to confuse these two terms. But it is important for everyone to be able to make a distinction between the two. In this article, we will discuss the difference between Ph.D. and Doctorate in detail in order to get rid of any confusion you may have. In the academic world, the terms Doctorate and Ph.D. are currently used interchangeably. Both of them are the top cap of the ladder. However, a doctorate is mostly used as an umbrella term covering many fields ranging from professional degrees, humanities, and scientific disciplines.

A Ph.D. or Doctor of Philosophy, on the other hand, is a subcategory of a doctoral degree, it is much more distinct and clear-cut and is usually narrower in nature encompassing only humanities and scientific fields. In plain English, when someone says they are enrolling on a doctoral degree, it means they are doing a Ph.D. in a specific field. So, technically, in common parlance, there is no difference between the two terms.

But at the other end of the spectrum, one should be careful not to confuse a professional doctoral degree with a Ph.D. The former is more practical and is designed to prepare students to apply existing knowledge to find solutions to real-life problems and has a direct application to a particular profession.

A Ph.D. is theoretical by nature and is more academic and research-focused. it is often fixed on disseminating knowledge by conducting authentic research which means reviewing and identifying gaps in current literature and evaluating the relevance of existing and emerging theories within a particular field.

What Is a Ph.D. Degree and Why Should You Go for It?

Students who acquire a Ph.D. are justly proud — they wear it as a badge of identity in the academic elite. Traditionally, a Ph.D. was associated with teaching, which from Latin licentia docendi meant “license to teach”. However, the concept of Ph.D. has been on shifting sands nowadays and has become a more general term that isn’t necessarily confined to teaching only.

The Value of a PhD

Obtaining a Ph.D. helps you capitalize on the emerging academic opportunities making you more easily identifiable to employers or businesses seeking to fill professional, higher-level job positions. Many of these career options, conversely, are not available to those who do not belong to the Ph.D. club. While pursuing a Ph.D. requires devoting a tremendous effort and time and making significant personal sacrifices pushing the boundaries of knowledge, it’s all in service of the area of study you’re most passionate and zealous about. Ultimately, once you’ve attained your Ph.D., you will have achieved the pinnacle of education— something not too many people have or are able to accomplish.

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A Guide to Choosing and Applying to Ph.D. Programs

Learn everything you need to know about selecting and applying to Ph.D. programs. Learn tips and tricks for a successful application and find your ideal program today!

What Is a Doctorate Degree?

A doctoral or doctorate degree is usually the most advanced degree one can earn in an academic discipline. Many pursue a doctorate degree to increase their professional credibility, be acknowledged as an expert in a specific field, and improve their resume.

A doctorate degree is a graduate-level credential that is usually earned after multiple years of graduate school. Earning a doctoral degree requires a significant level of research and work. In order to get this degree, one has to research a subject thoroughly, conduct new research and analysis, and provide a solution or interpretation into the field. But what types of doctoral degrees are available?

Types of Doctorate Degrees

There are two categories of doctorate degrees: an academic degree and a professional doctorate degree. An academic degree focuses on research, data analysis, and the evaluation of theory. A professional doctorate degree, on the other hand, is considered a terminal degree, which means that one has achieved the most advanced degree in the field. This degree is specifically designed for working professionals who want to grow in their careers.

Professional Doctorate Degrees

A professional doctorate is designed for working professionals who have experience in the field and want to increase their knowledge, improve their credibility, and advance their careers. This degree focuses on applying research to practical issues, coming up with interpretation and solutions, as well as designing effective professional practices within a particular field.

Professional doctoral degrees include:

Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)

The DBA degree is ideal for students who already have a general business background and are interested in delving deeper into the practical and theoretical aspects that underpin business education. More to the point, in DBA you will develop the ability to solve real-life problems, discover the relevant expertise to innovate and uphold complex business issues and so much more. Upon completion, DBA students will possess enhanced leadership and strategic skills as well as the tools to propel their careers in today’s marketplace. The Business Administration industry is keen on finding such graduates with business skills and this is indicated by the immense job positions currently available.

Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)

If you are interested in setting your eyes on creating lifelong learning among your students, making a positive influence in educational culture, contributing to the growing body of research in the education realm , or just enhancing your subject matter expertise, the Doctor of Education program ticks all the boxes. This degree maintains a rigorous approach in academic education that prepares graduates to showcase the skills and expertise to devise solutions in tackling the challenges in contemporary education practice and become transformational leaders in the industry.

Doctor of Computer Science (DCS)

The demand for computer scientists has reached its peak and it is among the most sought-after positions nowadays. With a degree in DCS, you will have the opportunity to design, apply innovative experiments, predict trends and, ultimately, develop a richer understanding and contribute to your area of expertise. After all, who doesn’t want an exciting and financially stable career?

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Doctor of Medicine (M.D.)

The Doctor of Medicine degree is designed to prepare you for various medical challenges in different settings nationally and internationally. This program will further develop your critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills required for safe, high-quality medical practices. It will also improve your leadership, communication, and teamwork skills for collaborative patient care.

Doctor of Optometry (O.D.)

This professional degree typically requires four years of study. It focuses on basic biological sciences such as anatomy and physiology, microbiology, neuroanatomy, and so on. This doctoral degree will prepare, educate, and train professionals to practice at the highest level of proficiency, professionalism, and integrity.

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The Doctoral of Psychology degree concentrates on the clinical and applied aspects of psychology. This type of doctorate prepares students for professional practice and clinical placement. This degree will be highly beneficial when working directly with patients who need psychology services. In addition, this degree allows doctors of psychology to confidently function as researchers and clinicians.

How to Choose a Ph.D. Program?

Choosing a Ph.D. program can be pretty challenging; it is a big academic decision and investment that requires commitment and perseverance. But how can you pick the right Ph.D. program for you? Well, there are some tips to help you choose the best fit for your goals and preferences:

• Think about the reasons why you want a Ph.D., what you expect to gain from it, and whether it is compatible with your professional goals.
• Consider your research environment.
• Take your time to research, compare, and consider multiple opportunities carefully.
• Pick a subject that interests and motivates you but is also practical.
• Ask your professors and other scholars in the field for advice.

All in all, the terms “Doctorate’’ and “Ph.D.” are in essence the same, which means all Ph.D. students are Doctoral students as well. On the other hand, earning a Ph.D. degree is no joke. If anything, Ph.D. students have the tenacity, patience, persistence, and years of hard work that you can vouch for. Ultimately, deciding what type of doctoral degree you should hop on, depends on your career goals, what you are passionate about and how you are going to achieve it.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a doctorate and a ph.d..

In academic contexts, the terms “Doctorate” and “Ph.D.” are often used interchangeably, but there is a distinction. A Doctorate is an umbrella term covering a wide range of fields, including professional degrees, humanities, and scientific disciplines. A Ph.D., or Doctor of Philosophy, is a specific type of doctoral degree, typically focused on research and academic pursuits in the humanities and scientific fields.

Why should I pursue a Ph.D.?

Pursuing a Ph.D. can be a valuable endeavor, as it opens up academic and research opportunities, enhances your expertise in a specific field, and makes you more attractive to employers seeking candidates for high-level positions. It’s a chance to push the boundaries of knowledge and become an expert in your chosen study area.

What are the benefits of a professional doctorate?

Professional doctorate degrees, such as Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) or Doctor of Education (Ed.D.), are designed for working professionals who want to apply research to practical issues in their field. These degrees can enhance your career prospects, leadership skills, and problem-solving abilities within your profession.

How do I choose the right Ph.D. program?

To choose the right Ph.D. program, consider your career goals, research environment, and personal interests. Take your time to research and compare programs, seek advice from professors and experts in your field, and ensure that the program aligns with your professional aspirations.

What are the main differences between academic and professional doctorate degrees?

Academic doctorate degrees focus on research, theory evaluation, and data analysis, often leading to careers in academia or research. Professional doctorate degrees are more practical, designed for working professionals, and concentrate on applying research to real-world problems within a specific field.

Can I earn a Ph.D. in any field?

Ph.D. programs are available in various fields, including humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and more. However, the specific availability of Ph.D. programs may vary by field and university.

Is a Ph.D. a challenging journey?

Yes, pursuing a Ph.D. can be a challenging journey that requires dedication, patience, and years of hard work. It involves conducting original research, writing a dissertation, and often teaching or assisting in courses. It’s a significant commitment, but it can be highly rewarding.

What are the potential career opportunities after earning a Ph.D.?

With a Ph.D., you can pursue careers in academia as a professor or researcher, work in research and development roles in various industries, or take on leadership positions in organizations. The specific career path will depend on your field of study and personal interests.

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Comparing the differences between MD vs. PhD vs. professional doctorate

By Michael Feder

This article has been vetted by University of Phoenix's editorial advisory committee.  Read more about our editorial process.

Reviewed by Marc Booker, PhD, Vice Provost, Strategy

At a glance

• MD is the abbreviation for Doctor of Medicine and PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy. These are two types of doctoral degrees in addition to professional doctorates. 
• An MD is a doctoral degree for medical professionals, while a PhD is an academic degree focused on original research. Somewhat similar to a PhD are professional doctorates, which focus on applying practical research to problems in workplaces or communities.   
• A professional or practice-based doctorate (EdD, DBA, etc.) can be medical, and others are for scholar-practitioners in disciplines like education, business or psychology.
• University of Phoenix does not offer MD or PhD programs, but students can earn a doctorate in business, nursing, education or healthcare that allows them to build upon their industry expertise. Learn more about the differences between these degree programs and if one of the  five doctoral programs  at University of Phoenix is right for you !

What is a doctorate? Breaking down the three types

Some people might confuse an  MD (Doctor of Medicine)  with a  PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) , and vice versa. While both an MD and a PhD are prestigious degrees near the top of the  academic ladder , they each have a different meaning and come with very  different requirements .

Different still from both of those degrees are professional doctorates, which allow industry professionals to translate their education and experience into credibility and leadership through research. Professional doctorates have similar requirements to PhDs, such as a dissertation and residency, but focus on the application of research and professional growth over original research.

Upon graduation, those who have earned any of these three degrees can call themselves a “doctor,” but the path to a degree, the purpose behind it and its applications vary based on the choice. MD graduates want to work in medicine and healthcare. PhDs want to bring new knowledge and research to the world. A practice-based doctoral graduate wants to grow in their professional expertise. (If the last one sounds like you, University of Phoenix can help!)

Keep reading to learn more about these doctoral programs and which is right for you.

What does MD stand for?

MD is an abbreviation for Doctor of Medicine and identifies a  medical practitioner  who has completed undergraduate studies and four years of medical school. An MD program teaches medical students about the human body and diseases through a combination of classroom instruction and hands-on clinical labs.

Several  types of physicians  might have this degree, depending on their area of study. For example, medical practitioners with an MD degree might become a medical doctor and potentially specialize in dermatology, cardiovascular disease, family medicine, oncology, pediatrics, neurology or preventive medicine. As you can see, this degree  can lead to a variety of career paths , depending on which specialty interests you and what your medical education is.

Learn more about online doctoral degrees at University of Phoenix. 

How to earn an MD

Becoming a Doctor of Medicine  requires a significant investment of time and money, but the reward can be well worth it. Before medical school, you’ll need to  take the Medical College Admission Test  (MCAT ® ) and earn a passing score. You’ll also need to build a portfolio of coursework and experience to help you gain admittance to medical school.

Medical school typically takes students four years to complete. You’ll learn the latest techniques and approaches for patient assessment, diagnosis and treatment. Medical schools commonly provide a combination of classroom,  research and clinical experience . You’ll work alongside peers and healthcare professionals as you develop skills in general medicine.

You’ll choose a field to specialize in during your final year of medical school. Students have more than 120 options to choose from when specializing, including  primary care,   pediatrics, geriatrics, emergency medicine and family medicine .

After graduating, you’ll complete residency training to further develop skills in your specialty. Residency typically lasts three to seven years, depending on the field you’ve selected. During the residency portion of your education, you’ll treat patients under the supervision of more experienced physicians.

Even after you begin to practice as an MD,  the educational portion of your career never stops . As practices change, patient needs evolve and research continues, MDs benefit from ongoing education to stay current.

What does PhD stand for?

A PhD, or  Doctor of Philosophy , is a doctoral degree that recognizes graduates who have completed a full postsecondary program. Students can earn a PhD in more fields than philosophy. After completing the necessary coursework, original research and hands-on experience, you can earn a PhD in fields like science, the humanities and engineering.

Earning a PhD can help unlock a wide range of potential career opportunities. Computer engineers, research scientists, statisticians, healthcare administrators, professors, chemists and other careers commonly require a PhD degree, in addition to appropriate undergraduate study.

How to earn a PhD

Becoming a PhD is also a  serious commitment  that requires an investment of  time, money and energy .

Here is what’s typically required to become a PhD:

• Complete a bachelor’s degree in your field
• Complete a master’s degree in an appropriate field
• Pass any program entrance exams
• Fulfill coursework, research and hands-on lab requirements in your program
• Finalize and defend your dissertation as a  doctoral candidate  (unless your program specifies otherwise)

It’s important to note that many PhD  programs have different requirements , prerequisites and parameters for students. Check with your preferred institution for a more detailed explanation of these requirements.

What is a professional doctorate?

While some professional or practice-based doctorate programs are medical,  others are designed for professionals in other fields . These programs are meant for  scholar-practitioners  in disciplines like education, business or psychology. One of the key differences between this degree and a PhD is the focus on applying research to a professional setting rather than conducting theoretical and research-focused studies. Often, programs are differentiated as academic versus professional.

Examples of doctoral degrees are Doctor of Education, Doctor of Nursing Practice and Doctor of Business Administration. Each of these programs focuses on a specific discipline and applying research in those areas to a professional setting.

How to earn a doctorate

While  practitioner doctoral programs  teach different skills, they all share common requirements. You’ll need to  complete a bachelor’s degree  in your field and sometimes a master’s degree, depending on program requirements.

After completing the necessary coursework and research, students also typically need to finish a supervised thesis and defend their dissertation or capstone project-specific coursework, research and hands-on labs alongside other students in the same field. However, this will depend on the specific program and its requirements.

What does the title “Dr.” really mean?

The term “doctor” or “Dr.” is commonly used today to describe a wide variety of occupations. Students who complete a doctoral degree can earn the title of “Dr.” even though they earned their credentials in a non-medical field like education or business management.

While a variety of professionals can earn a doctorate, the term is often still  reserved for medical practitioners . In conventional use,  doctors typically refer to medical physicians . However, it is appropriate to use “Dr.” if you graduated from any of the three programs discussed above.  

read similar articles

What is doctoral candidacy?

Practitioner doctoral degree programs at university of phoenix.

While University of Phoenix (UOPX)  does not have  MD or PhD programs, it does offer several professional doctoral degrees that can be earned completely online. Students might choose the UOPX programs because classes are flexible and offered online, and because of the University’s unique “ Scholar-Practitioner-Leader model .”

If you are curious about a doctoral degree, the following programs are available at UOPX:

• Doctor of Business Administration  — This doctorate can help you gain strategic vision and skills to position yourself as a business leader. It explores how to solve organizational problems, how to design and conduct research studies, how to introduce innovative business ideas to the industry and more.
• Doctor of Management   — This doctorate equips you with critical thinking skills to find creative solutions to complex problems.
• Doctor of Education  — This doctoral program prepares you to use analytical, critical and innovative thinking to improve performance and solve complex problems in education.
• Doctor of Health Administration  — If you’re a health professional who is seeking greater responsibility in shaping the future of the health sector, this doctorate can help you meet the challenges inherent to today’s healthcare landscape, including economic fluctuations, burgeoning patient needs and industry-changing legislation.
• Doctor of Nursing Practice  — This doctorate is designed for working nurses who require a doctorate for advanced practice or nurses who desire their terminal degree. It does not prepare students for professional certification or state licensure as a nurse or as an advanced practice nurse.

These doctoral studies are only some of the many options for professionals who want to gain the  highest academic credentials  in their fields. Doctoral programs offer significant benefits to program graduates, including  newly developed skills , insight into field trends, hands-on research opportunities and  leadership capabilities .

Completing a doctoral program is also a strong indication to employers that you’re serious about your career and your field. With so many options for advanced study, these programs are available for most major fields. Even if you have already completed a bachelor’s or master’s degree in your discipline, a doctorate lends further credibility to your reputation and  can help prepare you for a leadership position .

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Michael Feder is a content marketing specialist at University of Phoenix, where he researches and writes on a variety of topics, ranging from healthcare to IT. He is a graduate of the Johns Hopkins University Writing Seminars program and a New Jersey native!

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Ph.D vs MBBS - Which is Better?

Mar 4, 2024

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Confused about which one to choose between PhD or MBBS? Get more information regarding eligibility, syllabus, scope, jobs, salary along with a comparative study of PhD vs MBBS.

Students are often confused between PhD vs MBBS as both degrees help candidates earn a tag of a doctor. Though both of these courses seem to be the same, they have huge differences in the field and curriculum.

A PhD is a doctorate that states higher-level specialization, whereas MBBS is a medical degree that states people's treatment. One should look after the course they can pursue as per the eligibility criteria as one is an undergraduate course while the other is a doctorate level course. 

To have a clear picture, let's look at the difference between the courses PhD vs MBBS. 

Table of Contents

• Eligibility Criteria
• Employment Opportunities
• Average Salary
• Top Colleges of India
• Which One to Choose?

Ph.D. vs MBBS - Highlights

Although both MBBS and PhD holders are referred to as doctors, the implications of these terms differ significantly. A bachelor's degree in medicine and surgery (MBBS) is for those who desire to pursue their ambition of becoming a doctor. A professional degree in medical science is the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS). A doctorate, on the other hand, is a high-level degree that is associated with PhD holders. PhD holders are topic specialists who have specialized in a specific field. They may have an extensive understanding of the subject at hand.

PhD vs MBBS – Overview

Ph.D. refers to Doctor of Philosophy, a Doctoral degree, whereas MBBS stands for Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, a graduate degree.

Ph.D. is a doctoral program that lasts at least two to five years, with some universities requiring students to finish the program in five years, including the thesis or research paper. The PhD in any stream of study allows you to understand the particular stream and the specialization study. PhD courses mainly focus on developing research thesis proposals and understanding concepts further. PhD is the highest degree, and graduates will have plenty of scopes with higher pay scales in their field of specialization.

Read more on Ph.D

MBBS stands for Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery. It is a bachelor's degree program in the field of medicine. The MBBS program lasts 5.5 years. This course is divided into nine semesters and is taught in a semester-by-semester format. For four and a half years, the MBBS curriculum includes practical and theoretical study, followed by a one-year mandatory internship in several disciplines of medicine and surgery.

Read more on MBBS

Ph.D. vs MBBS - Eligibility Criteria 

Both the courses are way different from each other as one is an undergraduate and the other is a doctorate-level course. Eligibility criteria for both the courses differ from each other.

Eligibility Criteria for PhD is:

• Candidates must have completed a master's degree in a specialized field with an average of more than 55 percent.
• To get admitted to this program, the candidate must pass rounds of admission exams (GATE, GPAT, etc.) and a round of personal interviews and group discussions.

Eligibility Criteria for MBBS is:

• In their 10+2 grade, the candidate must have received more than 50% in physics, chemistry, and biology combined.
• Candidates have to clear the NEET (National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test), one of the most sought-after national level examinations offered by the CBSE board, to be eligible for the MBBS.

Ph.D. vs MBBS - Syllabus 

The syllabus for both the courses is very different as Ph.D. focuses on specialization in a particular field which includes research, whereas MBBS is a bachelor's degree of medicine that includes the study of science in specific.

The syllabus for PhD, in general, are as follow:

• Introduction to Research Methodology
• Data collecting and Sampling
• Research Report Writing
• Data Analysis
• Literature Review
• Thesis Development

Read more on Ph.D Syllabus and Subjects

The syllabus for MBBS is as follow:

• Human Anatomy
• Biochemistry
• Orthopedics
• Radiotherapy
• General Medicine
• Obstetrics and Gynaecology
• General Surgery

Read more on MBBS Syllabus and Subjects

Ph.D. vs MBBS - Employment Opportunities 

The degrees of PhD and MBBS are well-known and have good job prospects for graduates and postgraduates. Because these two degrees are so dissimilar, their careers are also dissimilar.

Employment Opportunities for PhD are listed below:

• Research Scientist
• Finance Director
• Data Analyst
• Senior Project Lead
• Research and Development Head
• Technological Consultant
• Associate Scholar
• Head of the Department

Read more on Ph.D Jobs

Employment Opportunities for MBBS are:

• Physiologist
• Neurologist
• Cardiologist
• General Doctor
• General Surgeon

Read more on MBBS Jobs

Ph.D. vs MBBS - Average Salary 

Graduates with a good theoretical understanding and practical application will have a broad variety of alternatives after completing both courses, as the potential for expanding demands of PhD in companies and MBBS in hospitals with a good theoretical grasp and practical application is substantial. The average wage is influenced by job organization and educational skills.

The average salary of Ph.D. graduates are:

Read more on Ph.D Salary

The average salary of MBBS graduates are:

Read more on MBBS Salary

Ph.D. vs MBBS - Top Colleges of India 

Candidates should aspire to India's premier colleges. To begin the course, one needs first to become familiar with the best colleges in the world. Students can achieve significantly more at top universities for a certain degree than they might at other universities.

Top Colleges of India for PhD are:

• Banaras Hindu University
• Panjab University
• Savitribai Phule Pune University
• Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology

Top Colleges of India for MBBS are:

• AIIMS New Delhi
• Christian Medical College
• Madras Medical College
• Kasturba Medical College
• Maulana Azad Medical College

Ph.D. or MBBS - Which One to Choose?

Both the courses are beneficial in terms of education and skills as per the requirements of an individual. Ph.D. focuses on specializations, whereas MBBS focuses on bachelors in science and medicine. The candidate has to choose the course based on the area of interest.

Broader Career Scopes: Candidates who want to pursue medicine can pursue the MBBS course just after 12th, whereas those who want to pursue a specialization in any stream of study can choose a Ph.D. once they complete post-graduation. MBBS has good career scopes as graduates can pick any field of specialization and master in a particular domain, whereas Ph.D. also provides numerous streams which they can opt for and complete their doctorate studies.

Exponential Growth:  Both MBBS and Ph.D. are highly reputed coursework in India and graduates enjoy plenty of perks when it comes to the job market. Both sets of graduates are entitled to receive high paygrades ranging from INR 8 - 12 LPA, depending upon the sector they work and the job role they're assigned.

Both courses have advantages that students may bring to their employers after graduation and develop distinct talents. As a result, students must carefully examine both courses and select the one that best suits their interests.

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Decoding the 'Alphabet Soup' of Medical Degrees

BY CARRIE MACMILLAN April 6, 2022

We’ve all seen the letters “MD” (doctor of medicine) or “RN” (registered nurse) on name tags at the hospital. But MD isn’t the only acronym you’ll find after a provider’s name. We break down a few of the most common ones you may encounter. 

• DO : This degree translates to “doctor of osteopathic medicine.” These doctors attend a four-year osteopathic school of medicine instead of a traditional medical school, which is where a majority of physicians get their training. A DO completes a residency program (a three- to seven-year period of training) and must pass a licensing exam, which can differ from the MD licensing exam, in order to practice medicine.
• MBBCh & MBBS : These are MD-equivalent degrees given by medical schools that follow the United Kingdom medical education system. Both acronyms are derived from Latin and mean “bachelor of medicine, bachelor of surgery.” 
• MD:  This is the designation for medical doctor, which is earned by obtaining a bachelor’s degree (which takes four years) and then graduating from medical school, which also takes four years. Doctors go on to complete a residency (which takes three to seven years) and must pass a national licensing exam. 
• MPH:  Although this can be a standalone degree ,  some doctors acquire a “master of public health” degree (which takes about two years to complete) in addition to their medical degree to help them understand how public health policy affects patients and their communities. 
• PhD : Doctor of philosophy. This the highest degree awarded by a graduate school in a field of academic study and takes about four to six years to obtain. Many psychologists who work with patients or conduct research obtain a PhD. Some physicians choose to earn a PhD in a particular subject that may be related to medicine. 
• PA : Physician assistants/associates are licensed clinicians who practice medicine across all specialties and settings. They are educated at a master’s degree level (after obtaining a bachelor’s degree), which includes completing a three-year PA educational program. Most state laws require PAs to be supervised by a specific physician to practice medicine. While it can vary depending on their specialty and state laws, PAs can diagnose and treat illnesses, prescribe medications, assist in surgery, and fulfill many other medical duties. 
• RN : A registered nurse is a medical professional who has completed either an associate’s (which takes two years) or a bachelor’s degree in nursing, clinical nursing requirements, and has passed a national licensing exam.
• NPs are licensed at the state level and are certified through national organizations. Some states require NPs to have a doctorate degree. They can serve as a primary care provider in family medicine (FNP), pediatrics (PNP), adult care (ANP), or geriatrics (GNP). They provide a range of services including diagnosing and treating illness, writing prescriptions, and performing certain procedures. In some states, NPs can practice independently; others require NPs to work with an MD in order to prescribe medications or to get licensed.
• CNMs provide a range of health services for women (from primary care to delivering babies) with a holistic, natural approach. They have a master’s or doctorate degree in midwifery, in addition to passing the registered nursing and CNM exams. 

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• PhD vs MD – Differences explained
• Types of Doctorates

A MD is a Doctor of Medicine, whilst a PhD is a Doctor of Philosophy. A MD program focuses on the application of medicine to diagnose and treat patients. A PhD program research focuses on research (in any field) to expand knowledge.

Introduction

This article will outline the key differences between a MD and a PhD. If you are unsure of which degree is suitable for you, then read on to find out the focuses and typical career paths of both. Please note this article has been written for the perspective of a US audience.

What is a MD?

MD (also seen stylized as M.D and M.D.) comes from the Latin term Medicīnae Doctor and denotes a Doctor of Medicine.

MDs practice allopathic medicine (they use modern medicine to treat symptoms and diseases). A common example would be your physician, though there are numerous types of medical doctors, with different areas of speciality and as such may be referred to differently.

What is a PhD?

A PhD (sometimes seen stylized as Ph.D.) comes from the Latin term Philosophiae Doctor and denotes a Doctor of Philosophy.

A PhD can be awarded for carrying out original research in any field, not just medicine. In comparison to an MD, a PhD in a Medicinal field is focused on finding out new knowledge, as opposed to applying current knowledge.

A PhD in Medicine therefore does not require you to attend medical school or complete a residency program. Instead, you are required to produce a thesis (which summarizes your research findings) and defend your work in an oral examination.

What is the difference between a MD and a PhD?

Both are Doctoral Degrees, and someone with either degree can be referred to as a doctor. But for clarity, MDs are awarded to those with expertise in practicing medicine and are therefore more likely to be found in clinical environments. PhDs are awarded to researchers, and are therefore more likely to be found in academic environments.

This does not mean that MDs cannot pursue a research career, nor does it mean that a PhD cannot pursue clinical practice. It does mean, however, that PhDs are more suited to those who would wish to pursue a career in research, and that MDs are more suited to those who prefer the clinical aspects of medicine or aspire to become a practicing physician.

It should also be noted that a medical PhD doctorates possess transferable skills which make them desirable to various employers. Their familiarity with the scientific method and research experience makes them well suited to industry work beyond medical research.

Program structure and time

The standard MD program structure sees students undertake 2 years of coursework and classroom-based learning, before undertaking 2 years of rotational work in a clinical environment (such as a hospital). Getting an MD requires attending a medical school (accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education) and completing a residency program. Both of which prepare students to diagnose patients and practice clinical medicine.

The standard PhD program lasts 5 to 7 years and sees students undertake original research (monitored by a supervisor). Getting a PhD requires the contribution of novel findings, which leads to the advancement of knowledge within your field of research. With the exception of some clinical PhDs, a PhD alone is not enough to be able to prescribe medicine.

PhD doctorates are required to summarize the purpose, methodology, findings and significance of their research in a thesis. The final step is the ‘ Viva Voce ’ where the student must defend their thesis to a panel of examiners.

To summarize, a MD program usually lasts 4 years, whilst a PhD program lasts 5 to 7 years. Before being licensed to practice medicine, however, you must first complete a residency program which can last between 3 to 7 years.

What is a MD/PhD?

A MD/PhD is a dual doctoral degree. The program alternates between clinical focused learning and research focused work. This is ideal for those who are interested in both aspects of medicine. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, an estimated 600 students matriculate into MD-PhD programs each year .

The typical length of a MD/PhD program is 7 to 8 years, almost twice the length of a MD alone. As with a MD, MD/PhDs are still required to attend medical school and must complete a residency program before being able to practice medicine.

In comparison to PhD and MD programs, MD/PhD positions in the United States are scarce and consequently more competitive. The tuition fees for MD/PhD positions are typically much lower than MD and PhD positions are sometimes waived completely.

Those who possess a MD/PhD are commonly referred to as medical scientists. The ability to combine their medical knowledge with research skills enables MD/PhDs to work in a wide range of positions from academia to industrial research.

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Medical Degrees Explained (MBBS, MBChB, BMBS)

Every article is fact-checked by a medical professional. However, inaccuracies may still persist.

In the UK, there are a confusingly large number of primary medical qualifications, each having their own letters at the end of the medical degree.

You may have come across a few of these terms: MBChB, MBBCh, MBBS, BMBCh, BMBS, MBBChir…

In this article, I’m going to explain what each of these terms stands for, whether there’s any difference between them and if it should matter to you if you’re applying to medical school.

INCLUDED IN THIS GUIDE:

Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery

The Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery is the primary undergraduate medical degree awarded by medical schools in the UK.

It’s essentially the standard medical degree that direct school leavers can study at university and then leave as a doctor.

Historically, it was actually two separate undergraduate degrees: the Bachelor of Medicine and the Bachelor of Surgery.

However, modern medical schools combine these programs into one degree, but the title still reflects the old division.

There are lots of different abbreviations for the course depending on which medical school awards the degree:

MBChB, MBBCh, MBBS, BMBCh, BMBS, MBBChir…

However, they are all pretty much equivalent and all allow a graduate to work as a doctor in the UK.

I personally graduated from the University of Leicester with an MBChB.

Medical school took me 5 years to complete and once I’d graduated I could immediately start work in the NHS as a junior doctor.

MBChB stands for Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery. It is the primary undergraduate medical degree awarded by the majority of UK medical schools. All medical schools in Scotland award MBChB in addition to most English universities, although other abbreviations can be used.

MBBS stands for Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery. It is the primary undergraduate medical degree awarded by UK medical schools and is a common abbreviation for the degree. It generally takes 4-6 years to complete and allows a graduate to practice as a doctor internationally.

There is no difference between the awards of MBBS and MBChB. They are both abbreviations for the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery degree awarded by UK medical schools. Depending on which medical school awards the degree determines what abbreviation is used for a doctor’s post-nominal title.

An MBChB is not a Master’s degree but rather an undergraduate medical degree. You do not need to have completed any form of higher education before enrolling in a medical school to undertake an MBChB, also known as a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery.

Which Medical Schools Award Which Degree Titles?

What abbreviation a medical school uses for their medical degree is generally determined by the historical development of the qualification.

If you want to become a doctor, this shouldn’t have any bearing on which universities you choose to apply to.

The only difference is what set of letters you’ll have after your name on formal documents.

Although MBChB is the most commonly used abbreviation across the UK, MBBS is most commonly used internationally.

The Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery is the medical degree awarded by any country that follows the medical traditions of the UK, so these abbreviations are reflected in awards from many Indian, Malaysian and Kenyan medical schools as examples.

Is MD The Same As MBChB?

The MD degree (Doctor of Medicine) is a very different qualification depending on if you get it in the UK or the US.

In the US, the Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated M.D., from the Latin Medicinae Doctor) is their primary medical qualification.

It’s equivalent to the UK’s Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery.

However, the comparison is complicated by the fact that you can’t study medicine as an undergraduate in the US.

Whereas in the UK you can go straight from school to medical school, in the US you have to complete a pre-med undergraduate degree before you can start studying medicine.

If you have an MBBS or MBChB from the UK, after taking a specific exam you can work in the US as a doctor however- you don’t have to go back to university (or college) to get an MD.

An MD degree in the UK is actually a postgraduate degree that you can only complete after having worked as a doctor for a few years.

It’s a research degree that involves writing a thesis and completing a viva exam, equivalent to a PhD.

This means an MD from a British university ranks higher than a US MD, but it isn’t a primary medical qualification.

Can Doctors Complete A PhD?

To confuse matters, doctors can also choose to pursue a PhD.

The process of a doctor completing a PhD is exactly the same as that for non-medical professionals completing a PhD.

They have to prepare a research proposal, conduct research and collect results, write up a thesis and then defend it at a viva voce (a sort of spoken examination where you defend your methods and results).

The only difference is that after completing the PhD they won’t have the new title of Dr conferred upon them- as they already were doctors!

In some medical specialties, a PhD is almost a necessity to become a competitive enough applicant to secure many of the top jobs.

If you want to be an expert surgeon in one of London’s top teaching hospitals, you’ll almost certainly need a PhD just to put yourself on par with the other candidates.

Final Thoughts

I’ve got to admit, even as a medical professional all the different terms and shortenings used for doctors can get confusing.

However, almost across the board, the differences in undergraduate medical degrees from UK universities aren’t relevant to your future practice as a doctor.

Whether you’re an MBBS, MBChB or BMBS, you’ll start work as a junior doctor in the NHS in exactly the same manner as any other newly qualified doctor.

What Is A Medical Doctor Degree Apprenticeship? (UK Full Guide)

What Is The UCAT? (Complete Exam Guide)

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MBBS vs. MD: What Is the Difference?

Table of contents.

This short summary has been prepared to help students better understand the similarities and differences between these two degrees, as well as some recommendations on what to do if they wish to study abroad.

What Does MD Stand For, and What Is It?

The acronym “MD” stands for the Latin term “ Medicinae Doctor ,” which translates to “Doctor of Medicine” in English.

It refers to the title that students from the United States of America obtain after finishing medical school. Some countries consider the “MD” title a postgraduate doctoral degree that MBBS graduates can obtain with additional years of training. 

How To Become an MD

In order for a student to graduate from medical school in the United States, they must first obtain an undergraduate degree called a “bachelor’s degree” from an American University. This title can be earned in various subjects, such as the following: Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA), Bachelor of Music (BM), and Bachelor of Science (BS). 

Most American students obtain a BS before applying to medical school. This process involves taking the MCAT examination and preparing a dedicated CV showcasing their experiences. 

Upon completing medical school, students obtain their MD degree and can apply for a medical residency. It’s important to remember that, unlike other countries, the United States requires physicians to complete at least one year of residency training before practicing medicine. 

Other Medical Degrees in the United States

A different type of medical degree that some American medical schools offer is MD/MPH, which provides students with both a master’s degree in public health and a medical degree. 

Also, a type of medical degree unique to the United States is worth mentioning because many international students can become confused by these health professionals when they do rotations abroad: The Physician Assistant degree (PA). PAs follow a distinct career path that takes an average of 2 years and is available to students with bachelor’s degrees. As the name suggests, PAs assist physicians with patient duties such as: 

• Taking histories
• Performing physical examinations
• Giving consultation in some settings
• Performing certain procedures

Finally, it’s worth highlighting that some American students obtain a degree known as “ Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine ” (DO) from certain medical schools in the United States. This degree has the same validity as an MD; the only difference is that DOs follow a curriculum that emphasizes a more holistic approach to medicine, including how lifestyle and environmental modification can affect health. 

What Does MBBS Stand For, and What Is It??

The full form of the acronym “MBBS” is the Latin term “ Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae ,” which translates to “Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery.”

This degree is awarded by many European and Asian nations to medical students upon completing their training.

How to Obtain an MBSS

Unlike the American MD degree, MBBS degrees can be obtained without a prior undergraduate college “bachelor experience.” Although each country’s medical schools have their own admission criteria, most of them require students to study specific life science subjects in high schools, such as Biology and Chemistry, and achieve a certain final grade in them. 

Other Differences between MBBS and the MD Degree

Another difference between American degrees and those awarded by other countries is the absence of a  widely-known equivalent to osteopathic medicine in these nations. 

Finally, most countries allow medical graduates with MBBS titles and no residency training to practice as primary care physicians. However, it’s worth mentioning that in some of these countries, physicians can practice outside of their professional scope due to the degree’s ambiguity. For example, medical graduates have been known to perform surgeries without a specialization degree in Surgery due to the name “Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery.” 

What to Do to Train Abroad

The most important thing is to thoroughly research the specifics of each health system before making a decision to travel to another country for specialization studies. If you wish to work as a physician in the United States, it’s important to know that you need to undergo residency training in this country before obtaining a license, even if you have legally practiced medicine in your own country. It’s important to mention that you do not need to obtain an undergraduate college degree in the United States to do residency training if you already have an MBBS degree (or an equivalent title) from another country. However, you must undergo several steps to qualify for residency training and further medical practice. 

Conclusions

The names and abbreviations of different medical degrees worldwide can confuse students, especially if they have only trained in their home country. However, most of them are equivalent and only have some variations regarding how they are obtained. Some degrees, such as MD/MPH do entail additional training.

Students from the United States must undergo undergraduate bachelor’s degree training before entering medical school, which must not be confused with other countries’ “Bachelor in Medicine, Bachelor in Surgery” degrees.

Rodrigo is in the process of interviewing with US residency programs and is looking fo share his experiences and knowledge with anyone who wishes to pursue a similar path.

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Further Reading

DO vs. MD: Assessing the Pros and Cons

How to Choose a Medical Specialty

A Guide to the Alternatives to Medical School and Clinical Practice

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• v.190(21); 2018 May 28

Whom should we really call a “doctor”?

This is in response to the News article by Roger Collier. 1 These days many health professionals use the title “doctor.” Indeed, The Canadian Press Stylebook now decrees that the title of doctor should be reserved for physicians. Physicians, surgeons, dentists, chiropodists, university professors and, in some countries, pharmacists describe themselves as doctors. This raises the question — are they? To answer this question, one has to examine that title from both linguistic and historical standpoints.

The word doctor is derived from the Latin verb “docere,” meaning to teach, or a scholar. Only by special arrangement do any of the preceding professionals teach. Only university professors with a doctoral degree normally teach at a university. Historically speaking, the title doctor was invented in the Middle Ages to describe eminent scholars. These doctorates date back to the 1300s. Such people were accorded a lot of respect and prestige.

The PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is the highest graduate degree awarded by our universities.

Health professionals receive undergraduate degrees in medicine. These are professional degrees, and not really doctorates. The MD degree is not a part of graduate faculties at North American universities.

It has now become fashionable to award so-called Doctor of Law degrees to undergraduate law school graduates in the form of a Juris Doctor or JD degree, including at the University of Windsor. These, too, are merely undergraduate degrees.

Because of the respect and prestige, medical schools, particularly in Scotland, started to address their graduates as doctors in the 17th century. The argument was that graduates of such schools obtain a bachelor’s degree before joining medical school. There are problems with such logic, namely, a degree past a bachelor’s degree could potentially be a master’s degree, but not a doctoral degree.

A doctoral degree (PhD) is a degree that one earns after a master’s degree. A PhD entitles a person to use the title doctor. These are the social and physical scientists who conduct and evaluate published research. A PhD degree is normally obtained after six to eight years of hard work past the bachelor’s degree.

When we are asked in a physician’s or a dentist’s office what kind of doctor we are, we respond, “the real one.” We are the ones who teach the others.

We hope that this contribution helps in clearing up the confusion in the community about the title doctor.

The Canadian Press should change its policy and stylebook to reflect these facts and this history.

This contribution should not be construed as an attack on any professional or group of professionals. The main purpose here is to educate the public.

Competing interests: None declared.

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What’s the Difference Between MD and PhD Programs?

What’s the difference between MD and PhD programs? Both an MD and a Ph.D. are doctorates awarded to people who finish the highest level of graduate education. However, MD and Ph.D. holders have quite distinct professional paths. Understanding the difference between MD and Ph.D. will help you choose the one that best matches your academic and career goals. Here, we’ll go through the similarities and distinctions between an MD and a Ph.D., as well as some pointers on how to decide between the two. Here are these medical degrees explained:

The Difference Between MD and Ph.D.

MDs are medical doctors who treat patients, whereas PhDs are researchers who specialize in a particular field of study. The Latin phrase medicinae doctor , which translates to teacher of medicine , is where we get the English acronym MD. People who have earned an MD, also known as a Doctor of Medicine, have participated in clinical training during their time in graduate school in order to become physicians upon completion of their studies.

The title philosophiae doctor , from which we get the name Ph.D., literally translates to teacher of philosophy . However, the term is applicable to a wider variety of people than merely philosophy teachers. Students pursuing a Doctor of Philosophy degree, sometimes known as a Ph.D., follow a curriculum distinct from that followed by those pursuing a Doctor of Medicine. Ph.D. candidates are required to undertake research in their respective fields of study rather than getting experience in the workforce. Graduates with PhDs usually find employment in a field relevant to their major or the specialized field they studied.

Dual MD/Ph.D. Programs

An MD/Ph.D. is a dual doctorate. The curriculum alternates between clinical and research-oriented components. This is perfect for people who want to learn both clinical and research-focused aspects of medicine. Approximately 600 students enter MD-PhD programs annually, according to the Association of American Medical Colleges.

MD/ Ph.D. vs MD 

MD Ph.D. graduates are also known as physician-scientists or medical scientists since they hold a Ph.D. in addition to their MD degree. Medical professionals with an MD degree and a Ph.D. are both considered medical doctors. To obtain this additional degree, you will need to participate in a program that is longer and structured differently than MD programs. MD Ph.D. programs typically last anywhere from seven to eight years and require students to attend both medical school and graduate school. On the other hand, medical doctor (MD) programs can be finished in just four years, which is just half the amount of time required for MD Ph.D. students.

Although the initial two years of instruction in both programs take place in classrooms, MD Ph.D. students continue to graduate school to work on their dissertations for an additional three to four years after those first two years. After that, they will return to medical school to complete their clinical training for another year or two. To obtain a license to practice medicine, graduates with an MD or MD Ph.D. degree must first finish a residency program that lasts between three and seven years.

Application and Cost

The application process is the same whether you are interested in an MD Ph.D. or an MD program. Most programs require you to apply through AMCAS. You will fill out all application sections (including the AMCAS work and activities section) and upload your coursework, letters of recommendation, and medical school personal statement. Find out if the CASPer test is required for admission to the schools of your choice. If so, begin practicing with CASPer sample questions as soon as possible. Students will be required to write two additional essays to explain why they want to pursue an MD Ph.D. degree as well as their research experience. 

In public medical schools, the annual tuition and fees for MD students are about $37,000; in private or out-of-state medical schools, the annual tuition and fees are about $62,000. In contrast, students enrolled in MD-PhD programs have access to reduced or even free tuition, as many programs waive tuition and provide financial aid to cover living costs. The National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) funds 49 MD Ph.D. programs through the highly competitive Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP).

Competition

Both MD Ph.D. and MD programs are notoriously difficult to get into, with acceptance rates ranging on average from 1 percent to 4 percent. The number of available MD Ph.D. programs is significantly lower than the number of MD programs, and the advantage of significantly reduced or waived tuition contributes to an even higher level of competition, particularly in MSTPs compared to MD programs.

To be a competitive MD Ph.D. applicant, you should have a higher GPA and MCAT score than if you applied as an MD applicant. MD programs have varying levels of competition, and there are MD programs that receive a large number of applicants competing for a limited number of spots. It is entirely dependent on the school, the program, and the application cycle to determine whether or not some MD programs are more competitive than MD-PhD programs.

Salary and Career Prospects

Although it may appear obvious that students who graduate from MD programs become medical doctors and the majority of them practice medicine in hospitals, clinics, medical centers, and private practices, some students are unsure of what a career as a physician-scientist entails. Although many MD Ph.D. graduates choose to complete their residency training in internal medicine, pathology, pediatrics, and neurology, there are also graduates working in a wide variety of other medical specialties, including surgery, radiology, and emergency medicine. Other typical specialties for MD graduates include pediatrics, emergency medicine, and family medicine. One study by the American Association for Medical Education and Research (AAMC) found that nearly 80 percent of MD Ph.D. graduates are employed as professors at medical schools or in research institutions such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), pharmaceutical companies, and other government agencies. More than 7,000 MD-PhD alumni participated in this study, and 82% said they would do it all over again, even if they could go back in time and do it all over again.

Physician-scientists are trained to not only have in-depth knowledge of the medical field but also of population health and disease, as well as the ability to conduct research and analysis independently. With a dual degree, physician-scientists can treat patients, detect health threats, and develop new treatments, therapies, or cures. When employed in academic settings, physician-scientists have the opportunity to teach, provide clinical services, and conduct their own or joint research. Physician-scientists typically earn between $60,000 and $115,000 per year, depending on the type and location of employment.

Physicians are responsible for managing and supporting the health and wellbeing of the patients in their care. They can manage and significantly improve their patients’ health through physical exams, diagnostic tests, treatment, and communication. Surgical procedures and treatment of illness and disease, either on a general or a specific level, may be performed by doctors of different specialties. The range of annual salaries is usually between $180,000 and $280,000, depending on the level of specialization.

Which Option Is the Most Suitable for You? MD or MD-PhD?

For some students putting on the safety glasses in science class or reviving a childhood teddy bear was a defining moment in choosing the medical field as their future path. However, not everyone is blessed with an immediate passion or the typical “aha” moment. Sometimes, a student’s interest in medicine or research develops later in life through experiences or education, which is perfectly normal. So what if your interests lie somewhere between the two fields of science and medicine? What factors should you consider when deciding between obtaining a degree in medicine (MD) and a joint degree (MD-PhD)? It is essential to choose only after you have considered various factors and are one hundred percent sure about your decision. The reality is that neither choice will be easy, and you’ll need to be willing to invest the necessary amount of time, money, and effort to achieve success.

Why Do Some Students Choose an MD-PhD?

Here are some reasons why people want to be both doctors and scientists.

As a physician-scientist, you’ll have a unique career path. One of the most rewarding aspects of working as a medical researcher is solving a patient’s medical issues while pursuing scientific research that could lead to a clinical cure for that particular disease.

MD-PhD trainees are medical researchers who also have a strong desire to practice medicine in a clinical setting.

The MD-PhD curriculum is designed to integrate the scientific and medical education of the future physician-scientist effectively and efficiently.

In the years leading up to their Ph.D., MD-PhD students complete coursework and receive formal training in research methodology.

Most MD-PhD programs offer trainees financial support in the form of stipends and scholarships to cover tuition costs. This financial support acknowledges the amount of time a student must devote to training in order to pursue a career in both medicine and research (MD-PhD). However, each program’s level of financial assistance varies, and some may provide assistance to only United States citizens and permanent residents.

MD-PhD Training Areas of Research

When applying to specific MD-PhD Programs, one essential factor to consider is the variety of the available graduate degree programs.

Most candidates for MD-PhD programs earn their Ph.D. in a biomedical laboratory discipline like cell biology, biochemistry, genetics, immunology, pharmacology, physiology, neuroscience, or biomedical engineering.

Students in some MD-PhD programs may also complete graduate work in non-laboratory disciplines such as computer science, economics, epidemiology, health care policy, or even the history of medicine and its social and cultural influences.

How to Choose Between an MD and a Ph.D.

Figure out what motivates you the most.

It would help if you first consider what you’re interested in and what drives you. This will help you figure out what you’re passionate about. Suppose you are confident that you are interested in medicine and assisting other people but are only slightly interested in research. In that case, it is probably a good idea to pursue medicine on its own rather than research. The MD Ph.D. program isn’t easy because it takes almost twice as long as an MD program. Students should only go for this joint degree if they are serious about both medicine and research. The joint program may be a good fit for you if you have a strong interest in disease mechanisms, are curious about the unknown, and can’t imagine a career that doesn’t involve research in some capacity.

First and foremost, decide if you want to become a medical doctor or a physician-scientist. People driven by their passions are more likely to find fulfillment in their work because they are doing what they truly want to do. You’ll have a rewarding career only when you have enough motivation to put in the necessary time and effort.

Think About the Dynamics of Your Preferred Job

Doctors spend a lot of time talking to their patients and families, and they need good communication skills. In hospitals, doctors may work unusual hours, even on weekends and holidays; in offices, they can have a more conventional schedule. If you decide to get a Ph.D., you might spend a lot of time working alone in a lab, or you might decide to teach students in your field. Whether you want an MD or a Ph.D. can depend on what kind of work environment and schedule you want.

Trust Your Own Experience

Is it possible to know for sure which path is the best for you? Before submitting your applications, get some hands-on experience in the field. This is the best opportunity to see whether you’ll like your future career path. If you’re torn between an MD and an MD Ph.D. program, make sure you get some clinical and research experience before making a decision. This is an excellent opportunity for you to gain practical experience in both fields and determine which ones pique your interest the most. You could sign up for volunteering opportunities that will give you first-hand experience in medicine or research. These experiences will be crucial when applying to medical school, but they’ll also help you narrow your interests.

Finally, remember that if you are still unsure which path is the best, you could always reach out to our Academic Advisors and seek their guidance.

By setting up a free one-on-one meeting with our friendly and knowledge advisors, you will be able to gain the valuable insight as to which career path you would like to take and how to get there. CLICK HERE TO GET STARTED .

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What’s the Difference Between MD and MBBS?

MD (Doctor of Medicine) Degree

The MD program is a higher postgraduate degree . It prepares graduates for licensure and to practice as licensed physicians in various medical specialties.

Curriculum and Focus 

The curriculum emphasizes clinical training, medical sciences, and patient care. It includes extensive coursework in basic and clinical sciences, clinical rotations, and hands-on training in hospitals and clinics.

Entry Requirements

It is typically earned after completing undergraduate studies (usually a Bachelor’s degree), and then attending medical school for four years.

Countries Offering MD Degrees

The MD degree is commonly awarded in the following countries.

▸ United States ▸ Canada ▸ Philippines ▸ Russia

However, it is possible to obtain an MD degree in  many countries  around the world.

Professional Opportunities

The MD degree is a professional medical degree in the countries listed above, allowing those qualified to practice medicine as a licensed doctor.

After obtaining the degree, graduates usually undergo residency training in a specific medical specialty. This can range from three to seven years, depending on the specialization.

Note that an MD degree is not the same as a PhD in Medicine. An MD degree allows graduates to practice medicine as a licensed physician, the PhD in Medicine focuses on research and scholarly work in medicine. 

MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery)

The MBBS degree is typically an undergraduate degree program that spans five to six years. The program provides a broad foundation in medicine and prepare students to become general practitioners or doctors who can perform basic surgeries.

The curriculum covers both medical and surgical topics to provide a comprehensive foundation in medicine. You can expect to study basic medical sciences, clinical subjects, and participate in clinical rotations to gain practical experience.

Students can enter this program immediately after completing secondary education. It is not a requirement to have a bachelor’s degree.

Countries Offering MBBS Degrees

Around the world, MBBS programs are commonly available in:

▸ United Kingdom ▸ India ▸ Australia ▸ China ▸ Russia ▸ Ukraine ▸ Philippines ▸ Malaysia ▸ Bangladesh ▸ Malaysia

In South Africa and other places, the degree can be referred to as MBChB.

After completing the MBBS degree, graduates usually need to undergo additional training, such as internships or residencies, to gain practical experience and specialization in specific fields.

It’s worth noting that the content and quality of medical education can vary among different countries and institutions. In some cases, the terms MD and MBBS may be used interchangeably, depending on the country’s educational system. It is essential to understand the specific requirements and regulations in the country where you would like to practice medicine.

If you already have a relevant undergraduate degree in medicine, consider these MD programs to advance your qualifications. For those starting out on an undergraduate level, browse the MBBS programs available on our platform.

READ MORE: Cheapest MBBS Programs in the World 2023 10 Best Countries to Study Medicine Abroad

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MBBS vs MD - What is Difference between MD and MBBS?

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"Medicine is a science of uncertainty and an art of probability" a quote by Sir W. Osler. Aspirants who want to pursue their studies in the field of medicine must know the MBBS and MD full form and the difference between Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS), and Doctor of Medicine (MD) in order to chose the course that suits them well.

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When we begin to understand these from the basics it is important for us to know what these terms actually mean. The basic difference between the MBBS & MD is that MBBS is an undergraduate course that is pursued by candidates who wish to make their career in the field of medicine. Whereas, MD is a postgraduate course that can be pursued by candidates who have completed their MBBS. The concept of MBBS vs MD is wide and requires a complete understanding of its complex details.

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In order to get UG medical admission to all the government, deemed and central universities/institute and private medical colleges candidates are required to qualify National Eligibility cum Entrance Test ( NEET ). Whereas the admission process for postgraduate medical and dental seats is a bit more complex and is explained below. Candidates can go through the article on MBBS vs MD, to know all the details of course fees, syllabus, duration, full form of MBBS and MD and others of both the courses.

Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Allied & Life Science 2024

Admissions Open for multiple allied and health sciences programs across 5 campuses | Ranked #7 in India by NIRF, NAAC A++ Accredited

Know possible Govt/Private MBBS/BDS Colleges based on your NEET rank

What is MBBS?

MBBS is an undergraduate in medicine. MBBS is the first step towards becoming a doctor. The curriculum describes different medicine and human anatomy is able to educate the participants on how to test and cure specific diseases. The MBBS degree duration is 5.5 years.

Browse MBBS colleges by states

What is md.

MD full form in medical is Doctor of Medicine. It is a postgraduate degree where graduates study medicine in detail. It is a two-year course that trains medical graduates in the study, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of adult diseases.

Browse Medical Colleges by States:

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MBBS vs MD - Key difference

Mbbs vs md admission in india.

In India, medical aspirants are offered MBBS courses in around 654 top medical colleges. Earlier for taking medical admission, aspirants have to clear NEET and admission to All India Institute Of Medical Science ( AIIMS ) and Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research ( JIPMER ) were through the latter's own examinations. However, from the year 2020 onwards, the undergraduate medical entrance examinations for all medical colleges, including the AIIMS and JIPMER were scrapped and now granted through only NEET. The duration of the MBBS course is five and a half years, which includes a 12 months rotatory internship.

While understanding the postgraduate degree courses, it is essential for candidates to know that MD and MS (Master of Surgery) are the most sought after in this category, as many of the graduates wish to pursue this category. These courses are offered to candidates only when they complete their MBBS course successfully and are degree holders for the same. Admission to the MD course is done on the basis of NEET PG and INI CET . National Board of Examinations (NBE) is the competent authority to conduct NEET PG whereas AIIMS, New Delhi use to conduct the INI CET exam. In India, the MD program is taught for a duration of 3 years, where medicos are required to choose one of the following specializations that they wish to pursue.

MD (Doctor of Medicine) - Specialities

• Anaesthesiology
• Biochemistry UG PG
• Community Medicine
• Dermatology and Venereology
• Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
• Laboratory Medicine
• Microbiology
• Nuclear Medicine
• Obstetrics & Gynaecology
• Ophthalmology
• Pharmacology
• Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PMR)
• Radio-Diagnosis
• Radiotherapy

MS (Master of Surgery) - Specialities

• Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)
• Orthopedics

MBBS vs MD - Course fees

The stress of candidates has reduced to a significant level due to the introduction of NEET at the UG and PG levels. So now NEET has become the only UG-level medical entrance examination. Earlier there were different state-level exams for which students had to appear in order to get entrance to medical and dental colleges. So now NEET has become the only UG level medical entrance examination. Earlier the private medical colleges use to charge a high amount of fees for granting medical admission. In order to have control over that authorities have made it mandatory for the government as well as private colleges to disclose their fee for the courses. The aforementioned step enables candidates to have clarity of every detail pertaining to their admissions. The fees of the MBBS course vary between all the government-aided institutions/ government/central universities and deemed universities/private institutions.

On the basis of the institute, the MD course fee can differ extensively. As the fees of government institutes are relatively very low than the private institutes. However, within these private and government institutes also as the fee may differ from one institute to another. Candidates must note that when definitions for MBBS vs MD are given, then it may vary in other countries. The definition of MD that we mentioned above is on the basis of what we mean in India. For instance, doctors in the US are awarded an MD or DO degree and not an MBBS degree. Also, to pursue this degree course they are required to first complete university-level pre-medical courses followed by qualifying MCAT.

In the USA, the MD/DO is a four-year program divided into two parts: pre-clinical and clinical. The pre-clinical courses consist of courses in basic sciences and the clinical courses consist of clinical rotation. There is a residency programme after the MD course after which a candidate is eligible to practice medicine in the USA. The residency programs for different specialties are different. It can range from 3 years for internal medicine and pediatrics to 5 years in general surgery. The residency programme for neurosurgery is 7 years.

MBBS vs MD: Scope

Medical is a dynamic field and jobs are available in both private and public hospitals. Medical graduates can apply for jobs in government medical institutes and even in numerous private hospitals. Candidates after completing their MBBS wish to get jobs in reputed companies across the nation and globe. There are a lot of job opportunities for deserving aspirants in the private and public sectors. After getting licensed and registered by the Medical Council of India, aspirants can also practice their specialties. After graduating from MBBS, candidates can also choose to further their studies by pursuing MD programs.

After completing an MD degree, graduates can not only call themselves an MBBS/MD, however, they can also opt for some amazing career prospects. It is indeed true that an MD has better career prospects in the long run.

• MBBS Course Fees
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Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

MBBS full form is Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery.

The full form of MD is Doctor of Medicine. 

Yes, candidates need to qualify NEET entrance examination securing the minimum required percentile to get admission in the top medical college in India. 

The admission in MD in most of the colleges is granted on the basis of NEET PG scores along with counselling sessions. However, other institutes/universities such as AIIMS, JIPMER & PGIMER will be granted through INI CET.

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Questions related to NEET

Hello Gokul

Yes you may change your mode of course but for that you must have studied biology in class xii , if not then you may give biology exam through any of open universities.  Many universities in India provide this facility that a candidate who wish to appear of singke subject exam or droppers also proceed through open universities. One of the best option is NIOS . It is National Institute of Open Schooling.  NIOS marks are accepted in all universities of India.

Eligibility criteria for appearing Neet is that

The candidate must have completed 17 years of age. The candidate must be an Indian.

The student must have passed class xii with minimum 50 % marks in physics, chemistry and biology from any reputed university.

For details please visit the site given below

https://medicine.careers360.com/articles/neet-eligibility-criteria

Hello aspirant

You if you have forgotten neet Intimation security pin , you must contact neet help line desk. They are always ready to help.

There are two neet helpline numbers through which you can share your issue with the authorities.

011 69227700

011 40659000

If you are unable to reach through help desk you may connect with official website

The official website is

neet.nta.nic.in

You must have your neet registration number and password .

You can log in to this website also and your issue will be solved.

Hello Nivyata

Hope you are doing well.

Yes definitely you may appear for biology exam through NIOS.

NIOS is National Institute of Open Schooling.

NIOS Institute is government recognised and nios marks are accepted every where in India.

Official website is

You can also connect with them through the official number 08741880770

As may month is running you can apply for biology as application process is going on .

Hello Rafiya

No Neet exam will be commenced as per schedule that is May 5, 2024. It is not postponed.

You must focus on Neet preps and ignore the rumours at this time . This period ic your most precious time .

Take full benefit of this period .

More than 25 lakh students have applied for neet 2024.

Students were asking and most awaiting for city slip. The city Intimation slip has been  released by NTA yesterday April 24, 2024.

This year some topics from physics and chemistry are rem9ved from neet syllabus. The students must prepare accordingly

For details you may visit the link given below

https://medicine.careers360.com/articles/neet-2024

Hello Bhoomi

After giving neet on May 5, 2024 , you will have to wait for the results .

After results are out , immediately application process for medical admissions will start. You will have to apply online , as you filled neet registration form , you will havd to fill all the details , you will have to upload necessary documents along with neet score card.

There  will be  list of colleges , here you will have to fill carefully , you must first  choose your colleges of your preferences on the top .

As you wish to get MGM college , Indore fill this name at the top .

Merit list will be prepared and according to your neet score you will get a call for counseling process , if you will bd eligible for medical seat in MGM , you will get a mail .

Now look if you are alloted two or three colleges , you must go for counseling as per your preference . If you won't be present at the time of counseling , your seat will automatically removed from the alloted college.

For college prediction please visit the link given below

https://medicine.careers360.com/neet-college-predictor

Popular NEET Questions

a(i), b(ii) , c(iii)

a(ii), b(i), c(iii)

a(i), b(iii), c(ii)

a(iii), b(ii), c(i)

the product 'P' will be ,

I – A , II – B, III – C, IV – D

 I – B , II – C , III – A , IV – D

 I – C , II – D , III – A , IV – B

 I – D , II – A , III – B , IV – C 

Match the correct option as per the process shown in the diagram. 

1-b,2-a,3-d,4-c  

1-c,2-b,3-a,4-d

1-a,2-d,3-c,4-b

1-c,2-d,3-a,4-b

0.014 Kg of N 2  gas at 27 0 C is kept in a closed vessel. How much heat is required to double the rms speed of the N 2  molecules?

2250 cal

2500 cal

3500 cal

0.5 F of electricity is passed through 500 mL of copper sulphate solution. The amount of copper (in g) which can be deposited will be:

0.5 g of an organic substance was kjeldahlised and the ammonia released was neutralised by 100 ml 0.1 M HCl. Percentage of nitrogen in the compound is

(1) A substance  known as "Smack"

(2) Diacetylmorphine

(3) Possessing a white color

(4) Devoid of any odor

(5) Crystal compound with a bitter taste

(6) Obtained by extracting from the latex of the poppy plant

The above statements/information are correct for:

Barbiturates

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If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi . 

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software. 

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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Demystifying Graduate Degrees: Comparing Master’s vs. Doctorate

You want a graduate degree — to continue exploring your passions, make discoveries or advance your career — but how do you turn that decision into a plan?

It starts with understanding the difference between a master’s and a PhD in your field. They differ in length, intensity, curriculum and career paths, so you’ll also need a clear idea of why you want to pursue a graduate degree to determine which one you should get.

What Is a Master’s Degree?

If you’ve completed your undergraduate degree, it might be time to ask, “What’s next?”

That’s where Master’s degrees can come in.

Whether you want to specialize in a particular area or get advanced skills in your profession, a master’s degree can help you get there in 1-2 years.

The most common types of master's degrees include:

• Master of Arts (MA),
• Master of Science (MS),
• Master of Business Administration (MBA),
• Master of Education (MEd),
• and Master of Fine Arts (MFA). 

What do you learn in a master’s program?

The short answer? A lot.

Master’s degree programs are designed to build on the foundational knowledge gained during your undergraduate studies, and the curriculum focuses on advanced knowledge and skills in a particular field.

Here’s what you can expect to encounter in a master’s program:

Advanced coursework:  Master's programs provide advanced courses that build upon the foundational knowledge gained during your undergraduate studies. These courses delve deeper into specific topics within your field and often explore the latest research and developments. 

Specialization:  One of the primary goals of a master's program is to allow you to specialize in a particular area. Whether pursuing a Master of Arts, Master of Science, or a professional degree like an MBA, you can focus your studies on a specific subfield or concentration within your discipline. 

Research and analysis:   Many master's programs require you to engage in research projects and analytical work. This could involve conducting independent research under the guidance of a faculty advisor or participating in group research projects with fellow students. Through these research experiences, you’ll develop critical thinking and analytical skills, learn how to gather and evaluate relevant data and draw meaningful conclusions.

Practical applications and internships:  Some master's programs incorporate practical training opportunities like internships, practicums, or field experiences; hands-on experiences allow you to apply the knowledge and skills gained in the classroom to real-world settings.

Collaboration and networking:  A Master's program is a rich collaboration and networking environment. Collaborative projects, group discussions, and professional events allow you to exchange ideas and build connections within your field, often leading to long-lasting professional relationships and potential career opportunities.

Thesis project:   Outside of building skills like project management, problem-solving, project management, and effective communication, thesis projects in master's degree programs serve as a cornerstone for building advanced skills, expanding professional networks, and contributing to the body of knowledge in your respective field. 

Why get a master’s degree?

Career advancement: One primary advantage of getting a master’s degree is an edge in the job market. Employers value the specialized knowledge and advanced skills that come with a master’s degree, opening up new and exciting career opportunities.  The cherry on top? Individuals with a master’s degree often earn more than those without an advanced degree — you can take that to the bank, especially if you set yourself up for financial success during your studies. Flexibility: Another aspect to consider is the flexibility that a master’s degree offers. Many programs offer part-time or online options, allowing you to balance your studies with work or other commitments.  This flexibility can be particularly helpful if you’re already established in your career but want to gain additional qualifications.  Growth opportunities: Depending on your field, a master’s degree can be a stepping stone toward a PhD or other doctoral programs. It gives you a solid foundation in research methods and academic rigor — a boon if you want to pursue a career in academia or conduct advanced research.

What is a Doctoral Degree or PhD?

A doctoral degree is a terminal degree — it represents the pinnacle of academic achievement and is the most advanced degree you can attain. Doctoral students want to become authorities in their chosen fields and develop the skills to conduct independent and original research. 

Doctoral programs usually span 3-6 years of full-time study, during which students complete advanced coursework, pass comprehensive examinations, engage in extensive research and ultimately produce a dissertation that contributes new knowledge to the field. 

There are several types of doctoral degrees based on different academic and professional aspirations, including:

• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD),
• Doctor of Education (EdD),
• And Doctor of Psychology (PsyD), among others. 

What do you learn in a doctoral program?

When you successfully defend your dissertation and complete your degree, you also become an expert in your field — but it doesn’t happen overnight. Here's what you can expect to encounter in a doctoral program:

Advanced research: If you’re looking for a hard emphasis on research, a doctoral program is the place to be. Over several years, PhD students engage in extensive research activities — including conducting independent research, producing scholarly publications, and contributing to the knowledge base of their field through original research contributions.

Theoretical and conceptual frameworks:  PhDs are an incredible opportunity to deepen your understanding of theoretical and conceptual frameworks in your field of study. You'll critically analyze existing theories, evaluate their applicability, and develop your theoretical frameworks to advance knowledge and understanding in your chosen area of research.

Advanced methodological training:  Because a dissertation is an original research project, you’ll gain advanced training in research methodologies and data analysis techniques, like designing robust research studies, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing valid and reliable conclusions from your research findings.

Critical thinking and intellectual independence: Both academia and industry employers highly value independent thinkers and workers. Doctoral programs foster critical thinking and intellectual independence by challenging you to evaluate existing research, identify gaps in knowledge, and propose innovative research ideas. Teaching and Mentoring Experience: Being a teacher or mentor is a great opportunity to share your hard-earned knowledge, and universities agree. Doctoral programs often provide opportunities to teach and mentor undergraduate students, develop effective pedagogical skills, and contribute to the academic community.

Dissertation project:  Your dissertation is the culmination of years of hard work within your field. By enrolling in a doctoral program, you’re also given the chance to participate in a significant and original research endeavor that demonstrates the expertise you’ve worked so hard to cultivate.

Why Get a Doctorate?

Having a doctorate doesn’t just open doors; it can kick them down. A doctorate might be right for you if you’re looking for a door to these things:

Expertise and specialization:  Doctoral degrees can be a labor of love. They help you delve deeper into a specific subject area, gaining expertise and specialization.

Research opportunities:  Extensive research training, opportunities for conducting original research, and contributing new knowledge to the academic community — these three things make a doctorate coveted by students, universities, and employers.

Salary potential and career advancement: In some fields, having a doctorate can lead to higher earning potential and increased salary opportunities. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics , doctoral degree holders made an average of $1,885 per week in 2020, while master’s degree holders made an average of $1,545 per week.

Contribution to society:  Doctoral research often addresses pressing societal issues, contributing to advancements in technology, healthcare, education, and other areas for the benefit of society — for many students, contributing to the greater good is just as rewarding as career advancement or personal development.

What’s the difference between a dissertation and a thesis?

You might have heard “thesis” and “dissertation” used interchangeably, but they’re not quite the same. Here are the general distinctions to consider:

• A thesis is usually associated with a master's degree program. Students undertake a research project in the final stage of their degree.
• It typically involves conducting original research or analyzing existing research to answer a specific research question.
• The length of a thesis varies based on the field and program requirements, but it’s usually shorter than a dissertation.

Dissertation:

• A dissertation is typically associated with a doctoral degree program. It is an extensive, in-depth research project that marks the culmination of a doctoral program.
• in-depth exploration of a research topic
• comprehensive literature review
• methodology section
• data collection and analysis
• substantive discussion of findings and conclusions.
• Dissertations are usually longer than theses and may take several years to complete.
• Once you’ve completed your dissertation, you participate in a formal defense of the research, where you’ll present your findings to a committee of experts in the field.

Key Differences: Master's vs. PhD

Deciding between master's vs. phd programs.

“Should I get a master’s degree or a PhD?”

Answering that question can be exciting — and a bit intimidating. You must consider long-term career objectives, personal interests, and the time you can commit. Plus, the level of specialization you wish to achieve based on your career path is also a factor. Typically, a PhD is a prerequisite for those aspiring to research careers in academia, while professional roles in various industries may require only a master's degree. 

It’s still worth noting that students have the option of completing a master's degree first and then, based on their experiences and career aspirations, deciding whether to pursue a PhD.

Find the right graduate degree at SMU 

A graduate degree is a big investment, so investing in the right program is important.

SMU offers a diverse array of master's and PhD programs tailored to align with your unique interests and career goals, and personalized support, from the applicant to the graduate, is always available. 

Whether you're interested in pursuing a PhD in Chemistry or are almost finished with your MBA, we can help you find the right advanced degree.

This could just be the beginning of your journey. Get a closer look at applying to graduate programs of your choice with our guide, How to Get a PhD: A Guide to Choosing and Applying to PhD Programs .

Learn More About

Doctoral degrees at SMU, and how you can choose the right program and thrive in it, in our Guide to Getting a PhD.

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