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Scientific Method Activity with Hypothesis Practice and Experimental Design

Practice writing hypotheses, designing a controlled experiment, and identifying independent and dependent variables.

Grades 7 and Up

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Use this activity in different ways! 30 Focus Question Cards are provided. These cards can be used as scientific method stations or as a scientific method activity that can be done in pairs, groups, or even individually.

Include both digital Google Slides and print options to assign!

Plus, a free bonus scientific method worksheet is included.

Each version of this activity has students:

• Write an If… Then… hypothesis based on the focus question.
• Design an experiment to test the hypothesis.
• Identify the independent and dependent variables.
• Describe the necessary controls .

To Use as STATIONS:

• There are 30 total cards – too many for all to be used as stations – so you will pick both the number of stations you want to include and the focus questions you like the best. Students rotate through the stations and answer questions on a provided worksheet.

To Use as a PAIRS ACTIVITY:

• Every pair of students (or individual student) in the room has their own unique focus question. I like this method because it helps me to  differentiate easily . I give more straightforward, easy cards to students who struggle a bit, and I give cards that will require a deeper understanding of how to set up an experiment to students who have mastered the material already. Students record their ideas on a provided worksheet. At the end, the pairs share with the whole class what their focus question was and how they would test it.

FREE Bonus Worksheet!

• This download also includes a scientific method worksheet with all 30 focus questions in one place. Students write an If… Then… hypothesis for each focus question and identify independent and dependent variables.

Teacher Notes:

• This activity includes a  suggested  answer key for each focus question, but due to the nature of the activity, students will come up with varied responses.
• Please note that this resource is not editable.
• NGSS Science and Engineering Practice: Asking Questions and Defining Problems
• Save 50% on this resource in our Scientific Method Unit !

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Hypothesis and Variables

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Hypothesis and variables

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5.2 - writing hypotheses.

The first step in conducting a hypothesis test is to write the hypothesis statements that are going to be tested. For each test you will have a null hypothesis (\(H_0\)) and an alternative hypothesis (\(H_a\)).

When writing hypotheses there are three things that we need to know: (1) the parameter that we are testing (2) the direction of the test (non-directional, right-tailed or left-tailed), and (3) the value of the hypothesized parameter.

• At this point we can write hypotheses for a single mean (\(\mu\)), paired means(\(\mu_d\)), a single proportion (\(p\)), the difference between two independent means (\(\mu_1-\mu_2\)), the difference between two proportions (\(p_1-p_2\)), a simple linear regression slope (\(\beta\)), and a correlation (\(\rho\)). 
• The research question will give us the information necessary to determine if the test is two-tailed (e.g., "different from," "not equal to"), right-tailed (e.g., "greater than," "more than"), or left-tailed (e.g., "less than," "fewer than").
• The research question will also give us the hypothesized parameter value. This is the number that goes in the hypothesis statements (i.e., \(\mu_0\) and \(p_0\)). For the difference between two groups, regression, and correlation, this value is typically 0.

Hypotheses are always written in terms of population parameters (e.g., \(p\) and \(\mu\)).  The tables below display all of the possible hypotheses for the parameters that we have learned thus far. Note that the null hypothesis always includes the equality (i.e., =).

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Hypotheses and variables

Subject: Psychology

Age range: 16+

Resource type: Lesson (complete)

Last updated

27 November 2022

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Lesson PowerPoint covering hypotheses and variables. Includes:

• Application based activities (identifying IV’s/DV’s and hypotheses)
• Worksheet of a table to complete (with answers to self-assess)
• Catchy song video to remember the variables
• Extraneous variables- situational and participant
• An experiment to complete in class to help students write hypothesis, indetify IV, DV, experimental conditions, etc
• Homework task: Exam practice questions (EDEXCEL)- with answers to self-assess

WORKSHEETS can be printed directely from PPT

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Hypothesis Worksheet

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Methodology

• How to Write a Strong Hypothesis | Steps & Examples

How to Write a Strong Hypothesis | Steps & Examples

Published on May 6, 2022 by Shona McCombes . Revised on November 20, 2023.

A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested by scientific research. If you want to test a relationship between two or more variables, you need to write hypotheses before you start your experiment or data collection .

Example: Hypothesis

Daily apple consumption leads to fewer doctor’s visits.

Table of contents

What is a hypothesis, developing a hypothesis (with example), hypothesis examples, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about writing hypotheses.

A hypothesis states your predictions about what your research will find. It is a tentative answer to your research question that has not yet been tested. For some research projects, you might have to write several hypotheses that address different aspects of your research question.

A hypothesis is not just a guess – it should be based on existing theories and knowledge. It also has to be testable, which means you can support or refute it through scientific research methods (such as experiments, observations and statistical analysis of data).

Variables in hypotheses

Hypotheses propose a relationship between two or more types of variables .

• An independent variable is something the researcher changes or controls.
• A dependent variable is something the researcher observes and measures.

If there are any control variables , extraneous variables , or confounding variables , be sure to jot those down as you go to minimize the chances that research bias  will affect your results.

In this example, the independent variable is exposure to the sun – the assumed cause . The dependent variable is the level of happiness – the assumed effect .

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Step 1. Ask a question

Writing a hypothesis begins with a research question that you want to answer. The question should be focused, specific, and researchable within the constraints of your project.

Step 2. Do some preliminary research

Your initial answer to the question should be based on what is already known about the topic. Look for theories and previous studies to help you form educated assumptions about what your research will find.

At this stage, you might construct a conceptual framework to ensure that you’re embarking on a relevant topic . This can also help you identify which variables you will study and what you think the relationships are between them. Sometimes, you’ll have to operationalize more complex constructs.

Step 3. Formulate your hypothesis

Now you should have some idea of what you expect to find. Write your initial answer to the question in a clear, concise sentence.

4. Refine your hypothesis

You need to make sure your hypothesis is specific and testable. There are various ways of phrasing a hypothesis, but all the terms you use should have clear definitions, and the hypothesis should contain:

• The relevant variables
• The specific group being studied
• The predicted outcome of the experiment or analysis

5. Phrase your hypothesis in three ways

To identify the variables, you can write a simple prediction in  if…then form. The first part of the sentence states the independent variable and the second part states the dependent variable.

In academic research, hypotheses are more commonly phrased in terms of correlations or effects, where you directly state the predicted relationship between variables.

If you are comparing two groups, the hypothesis can state what difference you expect to find between them.

6. Write a null hypothesis

If your research involves statistical hypothesis testing , you will also have to write a null hypothesis . The null hypothesis is the default position that there is no association between the variables. The null hypothesis is written as H 0 , while the alternative hypothesis is H 1 or H a .

• H 0 : The number of lectures attended by first-year students has no effect on their final exam scores.
• H 1 : The number of lectures attended by first-year students has a positive effect on their final exam scores.

If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

• Sampling methods
• Simple random sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Likert scales
• Reproducibility

 Statistics

• Null hypothesis
• Statistical power
• Probability distribution
• Effect size
• Poisson distribution

Research bias

• Optimism bias
• Cognitive bias
• Implicit bias
• Hawthorne effect
• Anchoring bias
• Explicit bias

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A hypothesis is not just a guess — it should be based on existing theories and knowledge. It also has to be testable, which means you can support or refute it through scientific research methods (such as experiments, observations and statistical analysis of data).

Null and alternative hypotheses are used in statistical hypothesis testing . The null hypothesis of a test always predicts no effect or no relationship between variables, while the alternative hypothesis states your research prediction of an effect or relationship.

Hypothesis testing is a formal procedure for investigating our ideas about the world using statistics. It is used by scientists to test specific predictions, called hypotheses , by calculating how likely it is that a pattern or relationship between variables could have arisen by chance.

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Hypothesis And Variables Worksheet

Hypothesis And Variables Worksheet - ________________ forming a hypothesis is the first step of the scientific method. ________________ a scientific law is different from a scientific. If you want to test a relationship between two or more. Read the question, hypothesis and experiment. A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested by scientific research. What is the basic experimental design. Web bundle with 9x hsw resources on scientific method, variables, and quality of results (reliable, accurate, valid), experimental design (corms) great as starter, plenary. Jacobie wanted to test the projectile motion of a pumpkin. Hypothesis bob wants to see if different smells travel at the same speed. Web revised on november 20, 2023.

Web for instance, scientific observations don’t have to be about chemicals or lab rats, they can be about people, clothes, food, whatever. ________________ a scientific law is different from a scientific. Jacobie wanted to test the projectile motion of a pumpkin. An independent variable is what is changed in an. ________________ forming a hypothesis is the first step of the scientific method. Web showing 8 worksheets for hypothesis and variables. His hypothesis was if the pumpkin had a larger mass, then the higher he could throw it, because the larger.

Web bundle with 9x hsw resources on scientific method, variables, and quality of results (reliable, accurate, valid), experimental design (corms) great as starter, plenary. Read the question, hypothesis and experiment. (what will you be changing in the experiment. Some of the worksheets for this concept are writing your hypothesis and identifying variables,. Web revised on november 20, 2023.

HYPOTHESIS WORKSHEET

If you want to test a relationship between two or more. Web revised on november 20, 2023. Web for instance, scientific observations don’t have to be about chemicals or lab rats, they can be about people, clothes, food, whatever. His hypothesis was if the pumpkin had a larger mass, then the higher he could throw it, because the larger. (what.

6Th Grade Hypothesis Worksheet Refrence 7 Independent And —

What is the basic experimental design. (fill in the table with the appropriate information from your own experiment) independent variable. If you want to test a relationship between two or more. Web hypothesis and variables online worksheet for 7. Application based activities (identifying iv’s/dv’s and hypotheses) worksheet of a table.

What is a Hypothesis Types, Examples and Writing Guide

What is the basic experimental design. Hypothesis bob wants to see if different smells travel at the same speed. Web identifying variables and writing a hypothesis. An independent variable is what is changed in an. Web hypothesis and variables.

BacktoSchool Themed Scientific Method Worksheet Flying Colors Science

An independent variable is what is changed in an. Worksheets are writing your hypothesis and identifying variables, hypothesis and variables, constru. He sprays a can of hairspray, peppermint air freshener, and insect repellant at the same time. (kerlinger, 1956) “hypothesis is a formal statement that presents the expected. Web bundle with 9x hsw resources on scientific method, variables, and quality.

Variable & Hypothesis Practice Interactive Worksheet by Emily Russ

Web hypothesis and variables. His hypothesis was if the pumpkin had a larger mass, then the higher he could throw it, because the larger. Web for instance, scientific observations don’t have to be about chemicals or lab rats, they can be about people, clothes, food, whatever. Web identifying variables and writing a hypothesis. Application based activities (identifying iv’s/dv’s and hypotheses).

5. Identifying variables and constructing hypothesis

Web revised on november 20, 2023. He sprays a can of hairspray, peppermint air freshener, and insect repellant at the same time. Hypothesis bob wants to see if different smells travel at the same speed. Read the question, hypothesis and experiment. Jacobie wanted to test the projectile motion of a pumpkin.

Hypothesis & Problem Worksheet

(what will you be changing in the experiment. Web hypothesis and variables. Web hypothesis and variables online worksheet for 7. Web revised on november 20, 2023. Write a hypothesis for each of the statements and identify the variables, control group, and experimental group.

Hypothesis And Variables Worksheet / Teaching The Scientific Method A

Web hypothesis and variables worksheet one. Web the tested hypothesis is that natural selection is shaping strategies in environments leading to regulation or tolerance. What is the basic experimental design. Some of the worksheets for this concept are writing your hypothesis and identifying variables,. If you want to test a relationship between two or more.

Web showing 8 worksheets for hypothesis and variables. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of lung cancer. Some of the worksheets for this concept are writing your hypothesis and identifying variables,. Identify the variables for each example. (kerlinger, 1956) “hypothesis is a formal statement that presents the expected.

Hypothesis And Variables Worksheet - Web hypothesis and variables online worksheet for 7. An independent variable is what is changed in an. Web hypothesis and variables worksheet one. Web hypothesis and variables. Web bundle with 9x hsw resources on scientific method, variables, and quality of results (reliable, accurate, valid), experimental design (corms) great as starter, plenary. Web lesson powerpoint covering hypotheses and variables. ________________ a scientific law is different from a scientific. What is the basic experimental design. (kerlinger, 1956) “hypothesis is a formal statement that presents the expected. ________________ forming a hypothesis is the first step of the scientific method.

(fill in the table with the appropriate information from your own experiment) independent variable. Web hypothesis and variables online worksheet for 7. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of lung cancer. Some of the worksheets for this concept are writing your hypothesis and identifying variables,. Web revised on november 20, 2023.

Web hypothesis and variables online worksheet for 7. His hypothesis was if the pumpkin had a larger mass, then the higher he could throw it, because the larger. Identify the variables for each example. (what will you be changing in the experiment.

Read The Question, Hypothesis And Experiment.

What is the basic experimental design. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of lung cancer. You can do the exercises online or download the worksheet as pdf. Write a hypothesis for each of the statements and identify the variables, control group, and experimental group.

Web Identifying Variables And Writing A Hypothesis.

(fill in the table with the appropriate information from your own experiment) independent variable. Web lesson powerpoint covering hypotheses and variables. (kerlinger, 1956) “hypothesis is a formal statement that presents the expected. An independent variable is what is changed in an.

Web The Tested Hypothesis Is That Natural Selection Is Shaping Strategies In Environments Leading To Regulation Or Tolerance.

He sprays a can of hairspray, peppermint air freshener, and insect repellant at the same time. Web bundle with 9x hsw resources on scientific method, variables, and quality of results (reliable, accurate, valid), experimental design (corms) great as starter, plenary. ________________ a scientific law is different from a scientific. His hypothesis was if the pumpkin had a larger mass, then the higher he could throw it, because the larger.

A Hypothesis Is A Statement That Can Be Tested By Scientific Research.

Web hypothesis and variables. Identify the variables for each example. Web revised on november 20, 2023. ________________ forming a hypothesis is the first step of the scientific method.

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