- Subscribe Now
Pandemic allows Sagada to heal, build on sustainable tourism goal
Already have Rappler+? Sign in to listen to groundbreaking journalism.
This is AI generated summarization, which may have errors. For context, always refer to the full article.
EARTH’S BOUNTY. Agriculture was the natural fallback for many Sagada locals who lost jobs during the lockdown as many of them were farmers before becoming tour guides, shopkeepers and transport drivers.
Sherwin de Vera
MOUNTAIN PROVINCE, Philippines – When COVID-19 paralyzed Sagada’s tourism economic engine, many tour guides and entrepreneurs returned to their roots – cultivating the land, tending to livestock and fishponds.
As this 5th class town in Mountain Province struggles to rebuild its economy, the pandemic exodus has presented Sagada with new marketing prospects in the growth areas of “ecotourism and agrotourism.”
“Before, many farms were idle, but during the pandemic, almost 90% of the farms were cultivated,” Senior Tourism Officer Marites Abad told Rappler.
Of the 219 registered tour guides in 2019, only 131 remained in 2022 .
“When we made the rounds as we were trying to (re)start tourism, we told [those who returned to farming] to stay there. We will make a package that they will be part of the tour and be the guide for their farms and fishponds,” she said.
This shift provides an opportunity for the promotion of new destinations while striking a balance between the economic and social needs of the municipality.
The long break on tourist arrivals also “allowed nature to heal.”
“When we went into the caves (Sumaguing and Balangagan) after almost two years of being closed, we felt the renewed energy inside; it was young and vibrant,” Abad shared.
Conservation efforts
Sagada’s “sustainable tourism” framework started to bear fruit in 2020. The plan, crafted and launched the year before, aimed to increase the local revenue from the industry while ensuring environmental conservation and respect of the local culture.
In 2019 alone, the town’s tourism sector collected P13.98 million in total local revenues. Tourist registration fees accounted for P9.02 million or 65% of the total collection – P1.34 million higher than 2018.
There were 173 registered inns, hotels, and 219 guides during the period, raising at least P238,700 additional revenue for the renewal of the mayor’s permit to engage in business.
Aside from the jobs and revenue, the municipal government was also making strides in managing vehicular and human traffic, implementing the “park and walk” policy and limiting visitors to tourist sites.
Then in March 2020, COVID-19 hit the country. The government imposed travel restrictions to curb the spread of the deadly virus. Borders were close and tourism ceased, forcing the town’s economy to a standstill.
‘Mystical haven’ Sagada on slow road to tourism recovery
Lockdown realizations
Sagada Inn Keepers and Homestay Owners Association (SIHA) president Gwen Gaongen said that for local tourism entrepreneurs, “the pandemic gave time to solidify which direction to go.”
She recalled the unprecedented human and vehicular traffic jam in 2018, during the long weekend that started on November 30, a Friday.
Video and photos of the road debacle to Lake Danum and the overflowing crowd at Marlboro Hill went viral, triggering calls for stronger tourism regulations in the mountain getaway.
The struggles of locals with the “fast and furious” kind of tourism and the challenges during the lockdown brought the community closer together.
“We started getting together, which developed into the Green Economist, a group of local entrepreneurs, and came up with different activities to keep our sanity [during the lockdown] and developed other sources of livelihood,” the SIHA president said.
They asked the Pitak Project for training on organic soap making to encourage inns and homestays to produce their needs or buy from within the community.
The group also organized workshops on organic agriculture and tour guiding. One of the homestay owners also decided to convert their inn into a technical-vocational school in partnership with TESDA to provide skills training like baking and driving.
Gaongen said the pandemic made residents, especially business owners, realize that “in developing enterprises, we must keep the environment in mind…and [have] more respect where the food comes from.”
“Tourism is a luxury, not for all, and when a crisis comes like the pandemic where even those who have money cannot travel, we are left with nothing,” she pointed out. “We cannot depend on tourism alone.”
Advances and challenges
As Sagada slowly draws visitors to its misty landscape once again, the town has also finalized the revision of its Tourism Code and approved a Comprehensive Land Use Plan, which includes guidelines on new structures.
“We are in the process of integrating green architecture into our tourism-related infrastructure projects. New structures are also required not to go beyond four stories,” Abad said.
However, she admitted that the mushrooming of buildings that do not blend with the landscape remains a problem.
Besides the “no guide, no tour policy,” the town strictly implements the “park and walk” scheme. Town center tours, which include the Echo Valley, Sagada Weaving, and Ganduyan Museum, are all walking tours, making traffic more manageable.
There are also designated local shuttle pickup and dropping areas for sites like Bomod-ok Falls and the Marlboro Hill-Blue Soil trek.
The LGU is also planning to adjust during the lean months to allow guests to use their vehicles in selected sites.
Visitor limits set at a given time for Sumaguing Cave (300 persons) and Marlboro Hills (800 persons), which the guides recommended, are also religiously observed.
“In terms of site management, all the guides and other stakeholders…are cooperative, especially in ensuring cleanliness. Our main problem at the moment is the management of the collected garbage,” Abad said.
The town has also recently rolled out two important measures: standard rates and occupancy limits for various destinations and activities.
In November, the local government passed an ordinance providing optional insurance protection coverage for tourists. The insurance covers accidental death/disablement, unprovoked murder and assault, accident medical reimbursement, accident burial reimbursement, and medical evacuation.
Tough decisions
Abad said the pandemic was a “turning point to realize to look seriously into taking steps and looking into the mindset of the community and those in the LGU.”
According to her, town officials take steps to involve the community in making decisions.
“We need to jive on the meaning of sustainability in terms of the economy, the environment, and our culture. We still need to find a [common] ground,” Abad added.
While Gaongen recognized the improvements in tourism policies and their implementation, she believes the LGU could have done more to look into the problems and solutions.
“The LGU might disagree with me, but I think that is something that we lost. It would have been a great time to think about our direction. In the past two years, we could have done more, but the easiest excuse is that we were not allowed to have social gatherings,” she said.
But she also acknowledges the difficult balancing act the officials and other stakeholders, like herself, must make.
“It is hard to make a decision that would limit tourist arrivals because we, the people, need to earn, and the government cannot provide that, not even easy access to loans,” she said.
“If only the government provides sufficient financial support [to those affected], it would be easier to decide for the right direction, but since it is also a gut issue, it is hard,” Gaongen added. – Rappler.com
Add a comment
Please abide by Rappler's commenting guidelines .
There are no comments yet. Add your comment to start the conversation.
How does this make you feel?
Related Topics
Recommended stories, {{ item.sitename }}, {{ item.title }}, philippine tourism, ilocos sur’s pinsal falls still closed to the public.
DOT sees Siargao Island leading Caraga’s Holy Week tourism resurgence
WATCH: The Chocolate Hills controversy in 1 minute
TIMELINE: The Chocolate Hills resort controversy
Beat the heat! Visit 4 hidden paradises in Occidental Mindoro this summer
tourist spots
How to plan a trip to switzerland.
Rich in Chinese culture: How to plan a trip to Xiamen, China
LIST: Affordable cities to visit in Europe, for as low as 45 euros a day
Senators grill DENR for mismanagement of protected areas
EXPLAINER: The ‘permits’ debate on Chocolate Hills controversy
Checking your Rappler+ subscription...
Upgrade to Rappler+ for exclusive content and unlimited access.
Why is it important to subscribe? Learn more
You are subscribed to Rappler+
Stakeholder collaboration, a solution to overtourism? A case study on Sagada, the Philippines
- Related Documents
Legal Protection of Children: A Case Study of The Philippines
Some dilemmas of political consumerism.
In the Philippines, socioeconomic relations that result from deeply uneven market engagements have long made consumption a moral affair. Ecoconscious lifestyles and consumer practices remain largely the domain of elite and middle-class Filipinos, and as such, engagement with sustainable and environmentally friendly consumption may be seen not only as a marker of class distinction but also as a critique of urban and rural poor livelihood practices deemed to be environmentally detrimental. Focusing on a case study from Palawan Island, the chapter discusses some dilemmas that have arisen as the application of “eco” to tourism practices has become widespread and attractive to middle-class Filipinos with steadily growing spending power. The relevance of class to considering dilemmas of political consumerism is not unique to the Philippines, and these issues provide an opportunity to critically reflect on who benefits from political consumerism.
Attrition as a bottom-up pathway to subnational democratization
Oftentimes, democracy is not spread out evenly over the territory of a country. Instead, pockets of authoritarianism can persist within a democratic system. A growing body of literature questions how such subnational authoritarian enclaves can be democratized. Despite fascinating insights, all existing pathways rely on the actions of elites and are therefore top-down. This article seeks to kick-start the discussion on a bottom-up pathway to subnational democratization, by proposing the attrition mechanism. This mechanism consists of four parts and is the product of abductive inference through theory-building causal process tracing. The building blocks consist of subnational democratization literature, social movement theory, and original empirical data gathered during extensive field research. This case study focuses on the ‘Dynasty Slayer’ in the province of Isabela, the Philippines, where civil society actors used the attrition mechanism to facilitate subnational democratization. This study implies that civil society actors in subnational authoritarian enclaves have agency.
Levoglucosan and carbonaceous species in the background aerosol of coastal southeast China: case study on transport of biomass burning smoke from the Philippines
Conceptualizing international labor migration: a structuration perspective.
This article applies the theory of structuration to international labor migration using case study material from the Philippines. It first provides a brief review of the functional and structural approaches to understanding labor migration and the theoretical impasse that has been created between them. It then reviews several attempts to resolve this impasse, including systems and networks approaches; these solutions are rejected on theoretical and empirical grounds. We suggest that migrant institutions may be a more appropriate mid-level concept than households or social networks to articulate various levels of analysis. We develop this concept in the context of the structuration theory of Anthony Giddens and attempt to apply this to the Philippines, concluding that this framework is eminently suited for further research on international labor migration.
The Project Making Process of Japanese Funded School Buildings: The Case Study of Japanese Grant Aid in the Philippines
The application of system dynamics as a framework for establishing sustainable cave management policies: a case study in the philippines, book reviews: dubois, r. 1990: soil erosion in a coastal river basin: a case study from the philippines. chicago: university of chicago press (geography research paper 232). xi + 138 pp. isbn: 0 89065 139 6, air asia: from regional to global.
In February 2009, Tony Fernandez, the founder of AirAsia was not bothered by the company’s mass order of 175 new aircraft for its AirAsia-X long-haul services. He could not resist the concern over the aircraft deferment to Thailand and Indonesia in 2011 because of the relocation of the low-cost carrier terminal in Sepang before AirAsia was forced to move to KLIA2. Such a situation would surely increase its operating costs exponentially. He also knew he was facing an economic downturn and the high competition, particularly for his AirAsia-X business. Major rivals of AirAsia-X in the region were Singapore Tiger Airways, Cebu Pacific Air of the Philippines and a global competitor was EasyJet in Europe had just launched aggressive campaigns and promotions which would affect its long-haul business. He was certain that the company would achieve his dream to spread its wings all over the world. However, he realized that the company’s operating costs and competition with other airliners that joined the club of no-frills airlines based on a national and international level presently had escalated. He knew he had to act now. If you were Tony Fernandez, what would you do in this scenario was a question that needs an answer? This is an issue of strategic choice of divesting or integration as the strategic options are limited in the short as well as long run. The AirAsia case study has the main objective of sharing impact of the covid-19 pandemic devastating impact on the airliners. It is a significant study in terms of impact on economy, tourism and hospitality industry in general and Malaysia in particular.
Innovative Faith in an Urban Planet: The Use of e-Trading Platforms Between the Urban and Rural Poor in the Philippines. A Case Study
Export citation format, share document.
Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser .
Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.
- We're Hiring!
- Help Center
Ecotourism in the Philippines: A Review of Literature
The 7,107 islands of the Philippines make it one of the most frequently visited places by tourists in Asia and the Pacific. This paper attempted to review existing literatures on how ecotourism serves as a strategy for nation building, as well as establish the need for more conscious efforts to make its contributions sustainable.
Related Papers
Judy Villamor
Mónica Andrade
GeoJournal: Spatially Integrated Social Sciences and Humanities
Bing Baltazar Brillo
The Philippines is blessed with an abundance of natural-cultural attractions with an excellent prospect for ecotourism development. Ecotourism has become a key national strategy in promoting local development. Despite this, the country continues to lag behind in ecotourism development as many of its tourism resources in the countryside remain untapped and undeveloped. This situation is exacerbated by the few scholarly discussions on how ecotourism development takes root in a local context. Against this backdrop, the study explores the specifics and dynamics of initiating and establishing ecotourism at the municipal level by looking into the experiences of two localities-Pandin Lake of San Pablo City and Tayak Hill of Rizal Municipality , both in Laguna province of the Philippines. Using a case study design, the article illustrates that in Pandin Lake, the ecotourism development is a locally driven and nongovernmental organisation inspired initiative, and in Tayak Hill, it is a top-down driven endeavour where the efforts are mainly personal actions of the local executives. In Pandin Lake, the instigating conditions include: the awareness brought about by the save Sampaloc Lake movement; the constraint to aquaculture expansion; the scenic natural beauty of the small lake; and the lack of development-oriented actions by its administrative agencies. In Tayak Hill, the precipitating conditions comprise: the urgent need for instituting a promotional identity for the town and a catalyst for the local socioeconomic development; the advent of a new local government administration that is open to novel development strategies; and the discovery of Tayak Hill as a historical landmark. " 1
grashiela aguila
Ecotourism is seen as a potential vehicle to provide environmental, socio-economic and cultural beliefs at both local and national levels. This study was conducted to assess the effects of ecotourism industry in Ilijan, Batangas. Specifically, this study was sought to describe the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, civil status, highest educational attainment, family income and years of residency in Ilijan; to determine the effects of ecotourism industry in Ilijan, Batangas in terms of environmental, economical and socio-cultural; to determine the importance of tourism development plan and to develop and market Ilijan as a tourist destination; and to propose tourism development plan to further develop the ecotourism industry of Ilijan, Batangas. This study used descriptive research method. Results showed that the respondents in Ilijan, Batangas City believed that the environmental effect of ecotourism industry in their place can help it to enhance the co...
Environment, Development and Sustainability
Ecotourism development is a strategy of the Philippine Government. The existence of untapped natural resources and cultural/heritage assets has impeded the expansion of ecotourism. This situation is exacerbated by the literary deficit where a specific aspect has mainly been overlooked-the maintainability of small/medium-scale enterprises once already put in place. Against this backdrop, the study explores and understands the sustainability of TANAW Park's Ecotourism Enterprise of Rizal Municipality. Using a case study design, the article delineates the circumstances to fathom out the local ecotourism development. Firstly, the leadership is the top-down driven in the initiative, but in maintaining, the bottom-up manner is more significant. Secondly, the financial issue is complicated, so ideal is continuing the government agencies and integrating the commercial businesses. Thirdly, the Holy Week events are a single-month focal point, thus regularly extending the supplementary activities can increase revenue. Fourthly, TANAW Park is strategical if connected to the critical neighbouring towns and nearby resources. Lastly, TANAW Park's strengths lie in the presence of the unusual intermixing of assets, and the weaknesses are the risks of becoming a "white elephant project." In whole, TANAW Park is a noteworthy and tangible contribution to the local government and the people of Rizal. " 1
Jazztin Jairum Manalo
Ecotourism as nature-based tourism can be considered as a form of sustainable tourism development. It comprises of different factors that enables an area of natural beauty be used for as an enterprise in a sustainable manner. The sustainable tourism practice of Puerto Princesa City (PPC) operates in this context. The City government of Puerto Princesa, managing the foremost and major ecotourism destination the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park (PPSRNP) had benefited on the decentralization of the national parks as its management roadmap in sustainable ecotourism development in conformity with the national legislations towards Philippine development. This paper presents the entirety of ecotourism that are managed and assisted by the local government of Puerto Princesa to the improvement of the local stakeholders’ socio-economic conditions. Its prime ecotourism destination with their six major sites and activitiesfollows a deductive analysis approach for the growth of the tourism industry. Data on annual tourist arrivals in the past 16 years were gathered through correspondence from key informants and institutions and translated into estimated tourism receipts. Resultsshowed that the growth of tourism significantly generated40 billion pesos for the socio-economic sustainability of local residents for their community development.Several other resolutions and ordinances were crafted and implemented mainly to support tourist safety, cleanliness drive, and creating new ecotourism destinations. The concerted effort of the Puerto Princesa on the preservation of natural resources through sustainable ecotourism have demonstrated its mere potential in generating local employment and economic development.
Ramon B A Alampay
The Philippines, through tourism, aspires to become a stronger player in the integrated travel industry of today. Yet, the country realizes that in order to do so, it must conserve, protect and strengthen the cultural, historical and natural resources upon which the Philippines draws its unique competitive advantages. All these in a manner that can be sustained for the benefit and enjoyment of future generations of Filipinos. This book, a collection of research papers funded by the Philippine APEC Study Center Network (PASCN), reflects the scope and complexity of sustainable tourism development. The various papers also mirror the complexity of sustainable tourism development and hint at the multidisciplinary approach that this mode of tourism needs to succeed. Each paper applies a different disciplinary framework to its particular tourism problem: economics, sociology, anthropology, environmental science, management science, human resources development, and others. Each paper also provides a unique academic angle on sustainability and tourism.
www.cdrj.ssu.edu.ph
Ronald Orale
Samar is the third largest island in the Philippines blessed with worldclass, less known ecotourism destination like highly diverse forest/reefs, gigantic caves, waterfalls, beaches, etc. Tourist arrival share attributed mostly to the private sector remains very low because of poor intervention especially from the local government. Private-led initiatives to promote Samar’s world-class sites are relatively successful, bringing in tourists from all over the world. Samar’s ecotourism sites are rated by these tourists higher in terms of panoramic appeal but poor in terms of accessibility; support structure, services and facilities compared to the more known and government-supported destinations in the Philippines. Samar Island towns are one of the poorest in the Philippines. Increasing tourist arrival through improved government intervention will result into a better economic activity which will potentially reduce the poverty level in the three provinces of Samar.
Eloi Romero
Téoros: Revue de recherche en tourisme
Donald Hawkins
RELATED PAPERS
Baghdad Science Journal
Reza Nekouian
Paul Auwaerter
Igaku Toshokan
masaaki tonosaki
Chemical Communications
Fausto Puntoriero
Materials Today Communications
Raffaella Sesana
Hakan ongan
Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society
Maja Miletić
Maximilian Fütterer
Vinay Mannam
Deborah Shriver
Novel Perspectives on Communication Practices in Antiquity. Towards a Historical Social-Semiotic Approach, Ed. by Klaas Bentein and Yasmine Amory
Marco Stroppa
Journal of Innovation in Health Informatics
deepti deobagkar
Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología
Juan Carlos Cojal Gamboa
Medicina Clínica
Francisco Gabriel
International Online Journal of Educational Sciences
Zeynep Yıldız
Journal of Statistical Physics
Shannon Starr
Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Craig Boutilier
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science
Imola Barabas
Economic and Regional Studies
Arleta Ciarczyńska
Carla Matas
Lane Alencar
RELATED TOPICS
- We're Hiring!
- Help Center
- Find new research papers in:
- Health Sciences
- Earth Sciences
- Cognitive Science
- Mathematics
- Computer Science
- Academia ©2024
- Most Popular
- Explore all categories
promoting ecotourism: a case study on sagada, philippines · pdf filecase study on sagada,...
- Promoting Ecotourism: A Case Study on Sagada, Philippines · PDF fileCase Study on Sagada, Philippines ... the area also play an important role in the tourism industry because
Upload: buinhu
Post on 07-Feb-2018
Embed Size (px): 344 x 292 429 x 357 514 x 422 599 x 487
Promoting Ecotourism: A Case Study on Sagada,
Philippines
Submitted by: Almario, Montito Hernando, Miguel
Yee, Ciara Yu, Keb
INTRODUCTION
Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places
of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the
facilities created to cater to their needs. According to UNESCO (n.d), tourism is one of the
world's fastest growing industries and an important source of foreign exchange and employment
for many developing countries. Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
(Brundlandt Report, n.d). Tourism can be a contribution to the sustainable development of an
area. It contributes to the economic status of the area because of the wide range of services it can
provide to individuals such as work in the hotels, travel agencies, and other establishments
around the tourist spot. The tourism industry provides job opportunities to the people.
According to UN (n.d), the tourism industry that promotes environment protection is a
big contributor to the socio-economic profile of the country or the area. Tourism also has been
responsible in maintaining the quality of the environment and to ensure the provision of
satisfying experiences for visiting tourists. Ecotourism is the protection of the environment and
the preservation of the natural resources. It is also respecting the culture of the place and not
exploiting its resources. Ecotourism is a phenomenon wherein it will greatly affect the
sustainable development of the area because of the indicators it can bring about such as the
economic, social, and environmental aspects (Kiper, 2013).
Despite these positive impacts and potential benefits that ecotourism has to offer, it has
its own set of negative impacts especially in socio-cultural aspects and the environment.
According to the National Statistics Coordination Board, “there are one hundred ten (110)
indigenous ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines with an estimated total population of
around 12 million found in the various parts of the country, comprising 17 percent of the total
population” (NSCB, n.d). Ecotourism has a direct effect on these indigenous people as they are
easily subjected to discrimination and exploitation. Most of the location of tourist spots is where
the minority tribes or the indigenous people live. The whole process of developing an area for
ecotourism itself or urbanizing the area causes different disturbances that disrupt the livelihood
and lifestyle of these marginalized people. The establishments that will be built will somehow be
in competition with the local stores in the area. This also jeopardizes the preservation of the
culture heritage of these different tribes as they will inevitably encounter different elements of
the developed world, new cultures, technology and ideologies.
“The planet’s natural resources are consumed or contaminated by its human population.
Human survival needs drinkable water, breathable air and usable biological diversity. Natural
ecosystems are the world’s primary reservoirs for each of these” (Buckley, 2008, p.5). This
statement implicates that an increase in population possibly because of an increase in economic
growth will lead to a more rapid depletion of natural resources. Hence this makes it a very
pertinent view on the impacts of ecotourism. Furthermore, a very important outlook made by Do,
et al. (2011) is the technological advancements we have had for decades in transportation. Faster
cars, bikes, planes and boats have significantly enabled us to travel long distances and reach
desired destinations in a short amount of time. However these technological advancements have
also significantly contributed to the pollution of our environment. In the context of ecotourism,
pollution is also a highly detrimental factor for sustainability.
Ecotourism induces change in the environment. These changes include several
development benefits. The Philippines is known for famous tourist spots, beautiful sceneries, and
breath-taking beaches. But an underutilized ecotourism sector, with the right amount of support
and funding will make protected areas highly lucrative, productive and sustainable. Developing
ecotourism sites will help sustain and preserve the precious elements of the location. The
transformation process of these ecotourism sites will also impact and improve accessibility in
these areas attracting both foreign and local tourists.
Promoting ecotourism is also by being responsible tourists by not harming the
environment with their certain agendas in the place. The Marine Bio (n.d) stated that “a good
ecotourism operation will strive to support the community and encourage travellers to be
culturally sensitive by training and employing local people and by purchasing local supplies and
services to further stimulate the economy.”
The government plays an important role in the tourism industry as the source of funds in
enhancing the infrastructures. As well as private institutions who help in enhancing tourism in
the country. The tourists who visit the tourist spots in the area also play an important role in the
tourism industry because they are the ones who contribute in the protection of the environment
or the surroundings of the place they are visiting. It is in their hands on how they are going to
maintain and enhance the beauty of the environment of the place they are visiting. The
community of the area is also part of promoting ecotourism because they play as the role model
of the tourists. These people are the ones who set example in maintaining and preserving the
beauty of the place. Businesses surrounding the tourist spot such as souvenir shops, restaurants,
lodges, etc. are of help in marketing the place. If the products or goods they sell in the shops or
they provide good services to the tourists then they will be the talk of the town, which means that
the place will be known for certain products and good quality of service.
Furthermore, ecotourism can increase community participation. According to Bagadion
and Del Fierro-Juan (2013), this will ensure the equitable distribution of the benefits. This is
also the key to maintain a sustainable form of ecotourism. Community participation enables
constituents to become stakeholders themselves. Constituents will also adapt to the business
opportunities that is in line with the ecotourism establishments such as transportation services,
retail and consumer industries and hospitality.
Some organizations have provided their ecotourism principles and concepts to be
practiced. One example of this organization is the United Nation World Trade Organization
(UNWTO). This organization has provided three (3) main concepts on what sustainable tourism
should be. 1) Make optimal use of environmental resources that constitute a key element in
tourism development, maintaining essential ecological processes and helping to conserve natural
heritage and biodiversity. 2) Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities,
conserve their built and living cultural heritage and traditional values, and contribute to inter-
cultural understanding and tolerance. 3) Ensure viable, long-term economic operations,
providing socio-economic benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed, including stable
employment and income-earning opportunities and social services to host communities, and
contributing to poverty alleviation.
With these three (3) main concepts, ecotourism is not just about promoting and enhancing
the environment and the natural resources but to also respect the culture and heritage sites in the
place that the tourists are visiting. In a way, ecotourism is also promoting the community
development. With the tourists/guests following the necessary rules and regulations to be
observed in the place they are visiting, the community wherein the attraction/destination sites can
be found will be highly respected – and with that, the preservation of the culture of the people
living in the place will still be practiced. As for the long term goal of the concepts and principles
of ecotourism, it will help provide more opportunities to the place such as providing jobs to the
people, marketing the area to attract more visitors and investors which may result to having a
sustainable ecotourism development.
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has funded Ethiopia’s
Ecotourism Development Program. This program shall protect natural resources and cultural
heritage sites and improve the livelihoods and quality of life of local communities. The goals of
this program are similar to the concepts and principles of the UNWTO. These goals are expected
to be the results to a stronger tourism in Ethiopia. The preservation of the cultural and heritage
sites is the most important factor in promoting ecotourism because this will help the area in
attracting tourists. The tourists would want something unique and extra-ordinary for their
travelling purpose.
ECOTOURISM IN THE PHILIPPINES
As an archipelago composed of 7,107 islands, the Philippines offers countless attractions
to see. There are many tourism activities that can be done in the tourist spots in the Philippines
such as kayaking, scuba diving, hiking, sight-seeing, surfing, and many more. The Philippines
attracted 3,267,542 visitors starting from January 2014 until August 2014 (Official Website of
Tourism, 2014). Tourism is a major contributor to the economy of the Philippines contributing to
6.0 percent to the gross domestic product (GDP) as of 2012 based on National Statistical
Coordination Board (NSCB). The NSCB was able to collect the GDP of the Philippines starting
from the year 2000 until 2012. Throughout these years, the statistics of the year 2012 reached a
good percentage under the tourism industry. They measured accommodations, food and beverage
serving services, transportation services (whether land, air, or water transportation services),
travel agencies and other reservation services, entertainment and recreation, shopping,
miscellaneous, and other products.
In relation to the country’s GDP, the tourism industry also has provided more jobs in the
Philippines. As of 2009 statistics of the employees in the travel and tour agencies (NSCB), a total
of 67,974 employees were hired and worked under the tourism industry.
The 2009 Survey of Tourism Establishments in the Philippines (STEP) for Transport
Operators, Tour and Travel Agencies – Final Results – summarizing the survey of tourism
establishments in the Philippines (STEP) for transport operators, tour and travel agencies, every
tourists/guests are provided with the services they need such as tour packages, online
reservation/booking and all transportation facilities. Overall, the tourists/guests were provided
with the necessary accommodations and services which were of delight to them. Eagles, et al.
(2002) mentioned that tourists are demanding quality service from the places where they stay in
because for them it is their only time to relax and enjoy the ambiance of the place where they are
staying in. Also, providing quality service to the tourists/guests will enhance and promote
tourism in the area. It will attract more tourists which will be advantageous to the attraction site.
With the positive results of the aforementioned survey, the jobs that were provided, the
visitors that come and go in the country, and aligning it with the GDP of the Philippines under
the tourism industry, it is safe to say that the tourism industry is one of the biggest indicators of
the sustainable development of the country.
In order to further promote and enhance the ecotourism in the Philippines, the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) implemented an administrative
order that states the principles of ecotourism and the guidelines of planning, developing, and
managing the ecotourism. This administrative order was effective last August 2013. The
objectives of this order are as follows: 1.) to institutionalize ecotourism planning and
management process in protected area management 2.) to promote advocacy on the concept and
principles of ecotourism 3.) To introduce ecotourism businesses in protected areas both as a
conservation strategy and an economic development option through viable business partnerships
with the local government units or the private sector 4.) to promote inclusive equity of socio-
economic benefits to the local community and indigenous cultural communities and encourage
community participation 5.) to ensure the participation of both women and men in the
ecotourism planning and management and that gender-related issues are addressed in the
ecotourism management plan.
The goal of the DENR was to achieve stronger ecotourism in the Philippines by
following the objectives they have set for the attraction sites here in the Philippines. As
mentioned earlier, tourism provides many opportunities. It can provide jobs which will add to the
manpower in providing services to the tourists. This is similar to what Eagles, et. al (2002)
mentioned – that tourists will keep coming back if the service quality is great and it satisfies their
stay in the area.
The objectives of the order that was made by the DENR was aligned to a bigger goal with
the concepts and principles of ecotourism. The concepts and principles of ecotourism based on
the order by the DENR are as follows: 1.) Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. 2.)
Ownership by the local communities providing them business opportunities to sustain their well-
being. 3.) Gender responsiveness and adherence to inclusive growth that considers women,
children, indigenous peoples and informal sector activities. 4.) Promotion of learning experience
and conservation awareness. 5.) Responsible action on the part of tourists and the tourism
industry. 6.) Deliver to appropriate number of participants and businesses that observe and
follow ecotourism and conservation concepts, ensuring appropriate development and visitor
With the established or implemented order of the DENR regarding the concepts and
principles of ecotourism, it will not only promote and enhance the ecotourism but it will also
address the sustainable development in tourism. According to Eriksson (2013), promoting
ecotourism will result to the sustainability of tourism itself because “it serves to provide tourism
products and services while accommodating for the economic, social and environmental aspects
of society.” Thus, catering to the needs and wants of the tourists in the country shall contribute in
each aspect aforementioned which will lead to sustainable development.
To further support the implementation of the order by the DENR, they will be providing
funding to the local government units of the different regions and to the non-government
organizations that are helping in enhancing the attraction sites. The DENR will be responsible
for the allocation of funds. The money will be coming from funding agencies and the institutions
that will be tapped by the LGUs. Additional funds will be coming from the overseas
development assistance. With the funds that will be provided, this will be of greater help to the
tourist spots because the local government unit in the area will be able to enhance the tourist spot
and build other infrastructures and more businesses in the vicinity. The enhancement of the
tourist spot and the construction of other infrastructures and businesses will attract more visitors
and investors in the area – infrastructures such as “historic, cultural, religious and heritage sites
and prime tourist destinations”. The government will also be funding the places that are capable
of becoming tourist spots if enhanced (Tourism Act of 2009). In connection to the funding of the
infrastructures, training procedures will be provided to the workers as part of the human
resources development (Order 19, 2013). The Tourism Act of 2009 is to provide training
modules, to educate the workers, and to conduct seminars in order to enhance their skills and be
prepared in guiding the tourists. All the government and non-government institutions that are
involved or will be involved in the tourism industry will be informed about all changes and
necessary pre-cautions in preserving the natural resources of the Philippines. The DENR will
also be aligning all the activities in the places with the concepts and principles of ecotourism
aforementioned. There will be a monitoring and evaluation phase to see if all involved are
complying with all the necessary things that were implemented.
These concepts and principles given by the DENR, UNWTO, and USAID are just three
of the many ecotourism concepts and principles. There are many organizations that have
contributed to the concepts and principles of ecotourism. Each one of these organizations all
have the bigger goal they want to achieve which is to preserve the environment, protect the
wildlife, preserve the culture and heritage sites which lead up to promoting ecotourism in every
place in the world because this will help the country achieve a sustainable development.
CASE STUDY: SAGADA, PHILIPPINES
Sagada is the perfect getaway for thrill-seekers, nature-lovers, and soul searchers alike. It
is small town atop Mountain Province in Northern Luzon, 275 km from Manila. With a vast
array of natural wonders, from caves to rice terraces to waterfalls, this town is an adventure
haven. Many foreigners and Filipinos alike visit this place for a breath of fresh air.
As part of Sagada’s marketing strategies, they made their official website (The Sagada
Genuine Guides Association Inc.) wherein the tourists can look up all the things they need to
know before going to Sagada. Their official website also shows the places of where to visit, eat,
relax, stay for a day or two, the rates of the transportation and lodging, etc. If the local
government unit of Sagada wants to attract visitors and investors in the place, they would want
their guests to feel secured while they are staying in the premises of Sagada. The official website
also provided what routes to take in order to get to Sagada safely. As part of promoting the place,
the visitors/tourists need to feel safe and secured while they are having their vacation. With these
guidelines that the Sagada has provided, they will surely attract visitors and investors to visit the
place. It is a common and modernistic practice to promote ecotourism via website which will
connect the rest of the world to this distant destination.
One of the researchers, Miguel Hernando, visited to Sagada over the summer. In which
the following statements were based on the first-hand experience of the researcher in Sagada.
“After going back and forth from the places we visited, we found our place of residence for our
stay, ‘Hidden Hill Inn’. We were greeted by the very friendly innkeeper, ‘John’ whose hospitality
far exceeded that of our expectations and exemplified the trait that the Filipino is famous for.”
In a report by Anita Pleumaron on a study by Juline R. Dulnuan, it was mentioned that
tourism came to Sagada effortlessly as more and more people knew about the place. The
community capitalized on this opportunity and started opening up inns for the visitors.
Pleumaron (n.d) enumerates the other forms of livelihood that blossomed from the boom in
tourism such as souvenir vending, dining establishments, transport, and tour guiding. The study
showed that the locals perceived the effects of tourism as mainly beneficial and brought them
prosperity in totality. In spite of this success, development was concentrated on those with the
capacity to put up businesses while a large majority of the farming population remained farmers
and may even have been damaged by the tourism industry in the forms of environmental
destruction, land use, and the privatization of water. Still, the fact that tourism is being
facilitated by the community gives better opportunity for inclusive development.
Another challenge that Sagada faced as to accordance of the report is the lack of
ordinances and guidelines about issues such as zoning, sale of land, and environmental practices.
This does not seem to be much of a problem for now as Hernando (2014) stated that Sagada was
still a “serene and peaceful town” in his visit in last summer.
Tourism has also seemed to have a negative effect on both natural and cultural resources.
Sagada’s untouched beauty doesn’t remain as “untouched” as it once was. Vandalism and litter
can be seen in some of tourist attractions. The conservative culture of the locals also causes
culture shock when visitors are for example, rowdy and noisy, or overly intimate. Nevertheless,
the culture and practices of the townspeople are still very much alive and have survived
alongside the adoption of more modern activities.
ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATION IN SUSTAINING ECOTOURISM
From the researcher’s experience in Sagada, several points can be raised. First is the lax
implementation of laws and policies. Although Sagada is a very peaceful town and the need for
stricter law implementations seems unnecessary, some concerns such as the cleanliness of the
environment must be addressed. At this point, land, air, or water pollution in Sagada is far from
out of control, but the town should definitely not wait for the mentioned situation to happen.
Another development that could be made in Sagada is the improvement of the roads leading up
to the town. As mentioned by the researcher, the roads were very risky to travel. Construction is
occurring on these roads but operations should probably be sped up to encourage more tourism
in Sagada as well as providing its residents with easier access to other areas. Other
developments may be suggested for Sagada, but it is our opinion that any drastic urbanization or
technological or commercial advances would ruin the ambience that tourists come looking for in
this simple, charming little town.
Sagada’s use of ecotourism to promote development seems to have been successful and
steadily growing through the years. However, there are some limitations to it as Sagada is still
developing certain indicators of sustainable ecotourism. It has given sustainability to both the
townspeople, and the natural resources it contains. In the researcher’s experience, the local
government fees were paid to the respective offices during the first day, while on the next day,
the same tour guide dealt with us directly. This seems to provide a good balance between
government revenue and income opportunity for the locals. The businesses of the locals all seem
to be interconnected, were tour guides would recommend their favorite eating places, souvenir
shops, and inns. The community operates in a network that seems to be very effectively and
efficiently sustain the small population that reside in the town and from the research conducted.
With the information on-hand, Sagada will continue to provide sustenance for its people,
conservation in the environment, and income generating tourism for generations to come.
In the case of Sagada, most of its ecotourism sites are situated in the mountain ranges.
Overtime, with the help of the beautiful destinations located in the area, different establishments
were made available to accommodate visitors resulting into an increase in economic activity
within the area. Souvenir establishments, hotels and restaurants produced jobs that helped in the
economic boost of the people in Sagada.
According to the Business and Development Research conducted by authors Bagadion
and Del Fierro-Juan (2013) of the Asian Institute of Management, there are several
improvements that can still be made to improve and transform protected areas to an effective and
sustainable ecotourism destination. This shall be applied in Sagada’s case. The research stated
that identifying an available distinct nature product should be made a priority. Something that
showcases the wonders of nature that is majestic and remarkably astonishing that also poses a
potential for nature-activities like hiking, scuba-diving, etc. Sagada was already successful in this
project. The research also emphasized the importance of marketing. The use of advertisements,
media campaigns, and social media are highly recommended to attract people and other potential
investments. Additionally the research also stressed the importance of accessibility. Tourism and
accessibility goes hand in hand. The Philippines has a lot of tourist destinations varying from
beaches, caves, mountains, etc. Unfortunately, reaching some of these destinations will prove to
be difficult because of undeveloped roads, absence of ports and even political instability.
Addressing these issues will drastically improve accessibility in beautiful tourist destinations the
Philippines has to offer. Sagada is located at the northern region of the Philippines hence airports
and ship ports will prove beneficial in increasing accessibility.
With proper planning and acknowledgment of natural environments and its needs for
preservation, community-based ecotourism development in communities located in the
Philippines is achievable. According to Sproule (n.d), “community-based ecotourism refers to
ecotourism enterprises that are owned and managed by the community. It’s implied that a
community is taking care of its natural resources in order to gain income through operating a
tourism enterprise and using that income to better the lives of its members. Hence, CBE involves
conservation, business enterprise, and community development.” The participation of people in
ecotourism development is what will set the timeline of the goals. The decisions made by
community representatives are one of the things that ecotourism is supported by because their
decisions will decide the fate of the environment. The benefits of ecotourism development would
be the opportunities offered to the people in the community (like jobs for income) and
preservation of the environment. For development to occur there has to be funds for the projects.
Funding usually come from partners. The partners that are usually present are government
partners, members of the private sector, and NGO’s. But the one who would play the most
important role as a partner would be the government partners. If you get support from the
government, legalization of the project and what is needed to be done for a successful ecotourism
development project (Sproule, n.d). By doing such, tourism in the Philippines will continue to
grow from all the possible discoveries and preservations of environment.
In terms of management and resource mobilization, the private sector can be tapped to be
able to produce good returns that will benefit all stakeholders. However the research has
suggested that it should still be within the bounds and partnership with the government to avoid a
situation wherein only the elites will reap the benefits. Sagada must utilize this and increase its
network within the private sector that will help manage the ecotourism site and sustain it. A
healthy relationship between government, stakeholders and the private sector will help sustain
the environment, economy the society. Finally, the researchers believe that a strong management
is also the key for a sustainable ecotourism sector. Responsible use of the location and protection
should remain a priority amongst the stakeholders to limit damages that it might cause to the
environment and ecosystems to fully ensure sustainability.
References:
Bagadion, et al. (2013). Transforming Protected Areas Into Effective And Sustainable
Ecotourism Destinations: Lessons From The Ground. Asian Institute of Management
Buckley, R. 2008. Environmental Impact of Ecotourism. UK: CAB International.cf.
Ceballos- Lascurain, H.1996. Tourism, Ecotourism and Protected Areas: the State of
Nature based Tour- ism around the World and Guidelines for its Development.
Switzerland: IUCN. Retrieved November 11, 2014 from:
http://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/29810/Corrected%20thesis%20report%20f
inal..pdf?sequence=1
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (2013). Guidelines on Ecotourism
Planning and Management in Protected Areas. Retrieved November 8, 2014 from:
http://server2.denr.gov.ph/uploads/rmdd/dao-2013-19.pdf
Do, et al. (2011). Impact of Ecotourism. Retrieved November 11, 2014 from:
DOT (2009). Tourism Act of 2009. Retrieved November 18, 2014 from:
http://www.tourism.gov.ph/Downloadable%20Files/RA%209593.pdf
Dulnuan, J. (n.d). The Perceived Impacts of Tourism on Indigenous Communities: A
Case Study on Sagada, Mt. Province. Retrieved November 18, 2014 from:
http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/ttcd/SO-03.doc
Eagles, et al. (2002). Chapter 3: Tourism in Protected Areas. Sustainable Tourism in
Protected Areas: Guidelines in Planning and Management. Retrieved November 8, 2014
from: http://www.unep.fr/shared/publications/other/3084/Best-Practice-8.pdf
Eriksson, et al. (2013). Sustainable Development in Ecotourism. Retrieved November 9,
2014 from: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:642300/FULLTEXT01.pdf
International Labour Organization (2011). Employment in the Tourism Industry grow
significantly. Retrieved November 10, 2014 from:
http://ilo.org/global/publications/magazines-and-journals/world-of-work-
magazine/articles/WCMS_157893/lang--en/index.htm
International Wildlife Law (n.d). Eco Tours in the Philippines - Sustainable Tourism &
Conservation Laws. Retrieved November 8, 2014 from:
http://www.internationalwildlifelaw.org/phil_animal_act.html
Kiper (2013). Role of Ecotourism in Sustainable Development. Retrieved November 9,
2014 from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/advances-in-landscape-architecture/role-
of-ecotourism-in-sustainable-development
Marine Bio (n.d). Sustainable Ecotourism. Retrieved November 8, 2014 from:
http://marinebio.org/oceans/conservation/sustainable-tourism/
National Statistics and Coordination Board (n.d). 2005 Pilot Study on the Diagnosis of
Indigenous People’s Rights to Ancestral Domains in the Philippines. Retrieved
November 11, 2014 from: http://www.nscb.gov.ph/metagora/
National Statistical and Coordination Board (2013). Share of Tourism Industry to GDP is
6.0 Percent in 2012. Retrieved November 10, 2014 from:
http://www.nscb.gov.ph/stats/ptsa/
Official Website of Ethiopia (n.d). USAID Ecotourism Development Announced.
Retreived November 18, 2014 from: http://ethiopia.usembassy.gov/pr2308.html
Official Website of It’s More fun in the Philippines (n.d). Sagada. Retrieved November
11, 2014 from:
http://www.visitmyphilippines.com/index.php?title=Sagada&func=all&pid=1617
Official Website of Tourism (2014). International Tourist Arrivals August 2014. Retrived
November 10, 2024 from: http://www.tourism.gov.ph/Pages/IndustryPerformance.aspx
Philippine Statistics Authority (2012). 2009 Survey of Tourism Establishments in the
Philippines (STEP) for Accommodation: Final Results.
http://web0.psa.gov.ph/content/2009-survey-tourism-establishments-philippines-step-
accommodation-final-results
Philippines (STEP) for Transport Operators, Tour and Travel Agencies – Final Results.
Retrieved November 8, 2014 from: http://web0.psa.gov.ph/content/2009-survey-tourism-
establishments-philippines-step-transport-operators-tour-and-travel
Official Website of Sagada Genuine Guides Association Inc. (SAGGAS). Retrieved
November 8, 2014 from: http://www.saggas.org/
Sproule K. (n.d.). Community-Based Ecotourism Development: Identifying Partners in
the Process. Opening Address. Retrieved November 18, 2014 from:
http://environment.research.yale.edu/documents/downloads/0-9/99sproule.pdf
UN (n.d). Sustainable Tourism. Retrieved November 8, 2014 from:
http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?menu=243
UNECE (n.d). Sustainable Development – concepts and action. Retrieved November 18,
2014 from: http://www.unece.org/oes/nutshell/2004-
2005/focus_sustainable_development.html
UNEP (n.d). Socio-Cultural Impacts. Retrieved November 17, 2014 from:
http://www.unep.org/resourceefficiency/Home/Business/SectoralActivities/Tourism/Why
Tourism/ImpactsofTourism/SocioCulturalImpacts/tabid/78780/Default.aspx
UNESCO (n.d). Sustainable Tourism. Retrieved November 8, 2014 from:
http://www.unesco.org/education/tlsf/mods/theme_c/mod16.html
UNWTO (n.d). Sustainable Development of Tourism. Retrieved November 8, 2014 from:
http://sdt.unwto.org/content/about-us-5
World Bank (n.d) What is Sustainable Development. Retrieved November 8, 2014 from:
http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/sd.html
Tours, & Holidays to the Philippines Explore 7,107 ... · PDF fileTours, & Holidays to the Philippines Explore 7,107 Tropical Islands ... Day 5 Sagada Tour, with a side trip to Bontoc
Regions inregions in the philippines the Philippines
Psychological Impact of an SE Bote and Sagada
Philippines: Typhoon Koppu (Lando) Images as of 23 Oct 2015 · 2020. 5. 1. · Besao Bontoc Natonin Paracelis Sabangan Sadanga Sagada Tadian Aliaga Bongabon Cabanatuan City Cabiao
TABLE OF CONTENTS - Bureau of Plant Industry Portal Philippines Incorporated Nestle Philippines Incorporated Nestle Philippines Incorporated Nestle Philippines Incorporated Nestle
Republic of the Philippines Congress of the Philippines ... Legislation/Philippines/PH_Meat... · Republic of the Philippines Congress of the Philippines Metro Manila Twelfth Congress
FILIPINES amb Angel Morillas - Te de Tertulia · DIA 5: BANAUE - SAGADA Després de l'esmorzar sortirem cap a Sagada, unes 4 hores per carretera. Sortint de Banaue conduirem a través
Case Study - English - Business Wales · PDF fileCase Study - English Created Date: 20160223085315Z
Philippines 10/01 8/02/2015 - Anytime ToursAnytime Toursanytimetours.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2017/... · 18/01/2015 Bus to Sagada (4.5h, 220 P, spectacular mountain scenery)
Lavada Franchising Flyer · •Freshly Brewed Sagada Coffee •Sodas and Water •Pastries •Laundry Eco Bags •Detergents SERVICES: SELF & FULL SERVICE LAUNDRY STAFF TRAINING:
ProPak Philippines · PROPRK PHILIPPINES Launching for the Philippines ProPak Philippines 2019 is the debut international processing and packaging trade event for the Philippines,
Hanging Coffins of Sagada : A dying Igorot tradition · Hanging Coffins of Sagada : A dying Igorot tradition Travel Tips — By melo on May 4, 2009 7:02 pm The Hanging Coffins of
Policy Relevant Philippines - Decision Making Disaster Philippines
Banaue/Sagada package - Embassy of the Philippinesphilippineembassy-usa.org/uploads/ACGTDT 2014/Banaue-Sagada.pdf · Created Date: 2/18/2014 2:22:46 PM
Hanging Coffins of Sagada : A dying Igorot tradition · PDF fileHanging Coffins of Sagada : A dying Igorot tradition Travel Tips — By melo on May 4, 2009 7:02 pm The Hanging Coffins
CORDILLERA ARCHITECTURE OF NORTHERN LUZON · CORDILLERA ARCHITECTURE OF NORTHERN LUZON By WILLIAM HENRY SCOTT Sagada, Mountain Province, Philippines The Filipino house is much the
FILIPINAS: CAMPO Y MAR (12 DÍAS DÍA 1 Manila. ( Recogida ... · DÍA 4: Banaue - Sagada - Manila (D) Desayuno en el hotel. Traslado a Sagada (2-3horas). Podrán descubrir el precioso
2005-2006 PHILIPPINES Country/Region: Philippines · 2005-2006 PHILIPPINES Country/Region: Philippines Budget Years: ... 4.1.2.5 Cross-cutting issues 4.1.2.6. ... ARMM Autonomous
PHILIPPINES · 2008. 12. 19. · 1 PHILIPPINES PHILIPPINES PHILIPPINES PHILIPPINES A World-clAss offshoring & outsourcing destinAtion Land Area 300,000 sq. km. (archipelago of 7,100
saqarTvelos finansTa ministrissaqarTvelos finansTa ...gov.ge/files/230_31571_694976_mimdinarekontrolisCatarebis,sagada... · Tavi Tavi I IIIXXXX mesame pirze gadaxdevinebis miqcevamesame
Hotel Reference List - Welcome to iLight Hotel Manila, Philippines Heritage Hotel Manila, Philippines Peninsula Hotel Manila, Philippines Intercontinental Hotel Manila, Philippines
PHILIPPINES 2017 - phil medicalphilmedical.com/upload/file/PHIL MEDICAL BROCHURE 2017...FACTS OF PHILIPPINES’ MEDICAL INDUSTRY FACTS OF PHILIPPINES’ PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Philippines
EINE REISE ZU DEN VIELLEICHT FRÖHLICHSTEN MENSCHEN ... · Mt. DATA – BONTOC – SAGADA (Hängende Särge) – BANAUES weltbekannte REISTERRASSEN – VULKAN PINATUBO – CEBU –
SAGADA PILGRIMAGE - Anglican Board of Mission · PDF fileSAGADA PILGRIMAGE 11 - 20 October 2014 The Episcopal Church in the Philippines. Day 1 Depart Australia bound for Manila. Our
Like most other professional organizations, architectural ...eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/27/4/Oluwatayof.pdf · cyclical nature of the industry. Sagada, (2002) also stated that
Banaue Nord-Luzon Rundreise - Nayak Luzon Rundreise.… · Sagada optional trekking tour South China S ea PHILIPPINES Luzon 365 Banaue Nord-Luzon Rundreise 5 Tage/4 Nächte resp
Governmental Fiscal Support for Financing Long-term · PDF filecase studies of PPP projects in the Philippines and Indonesia in order to draw lessons and implications on fiscal management
NADA Philippines in the Cordillera Mountains November 23 ...The participants from Sagada, Mt. Province were all midwives who had previously helped out in the registration during the
NUAPADA DISTRICT, ORISSA - Central Ground Water Boardcgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Orissa/Nawapada.pdfHatti, Sagada etc. which are perennial and effluent in nature and maintain sluggish
TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF WOMEN IN INDIGENOUS RICE ...issaasphil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/5... · production in Sagada, Mountain Province, Philippines *Co-parcel is defined in
Suroy Suroy Lalo Lalo Rar At Vochong sa Sagada 2009 Souvenir Program
PCR: Philippines: Southern Philippines Irrigation …...Philippines: Southern Philippines Irrigation Sector Project CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit - peso (P) At Appraisal At Project
DepEd Baguio...Aguid ES. Sagada Province to RO Aguid ES, Sagada Mt. Province to RO 1 st deliverables last deliverables duri the conduct of r.earch meal's meal's meaVs meaVs Coaching
Pest Control (Philippines) | Termite Control (Philippines)
barnoota hajjii gabaabaa - islam chat · sagada, salata hundaayyuu yarood-haan sagada. Guyyaa 9 ffaa Ganama yaroo aduun baate ,gara arafaa deemanii,salaata zuhrii fii salaata asrii
- Privacy Notice
- Authors Database
- AV Materials
- Partner-Institutions
- Site Statistics
- Events and Announcements
- Socioeconomic Issue on Spotlight
- Featured Researcher
- Featured Partner Institution
- About SERP-P
- Objectives of SERP-P
- Terms and License Statement
- How to become a partner institutiion?
The Perceived Impacts of Tourism in Indigeous Communities: A Case Study of Sagada, Mt. Province
This publication has been cited time(s).
In other Publication
Since Jul 04, 2013
Download Publication
Please let us know your reason for downloading this publication. May we also ask you to provide additional information that will help us serve you better? Rest assured that your answers will not be shared with any outside parties. It will take you only two minutes to complete the survey. Thank you.
- Partner Login
404 Not found
Advertisement
Initiation and establishment of ecotourism development: Pandin Lake of San Pablo City and Tayak Hill of Rizal, Laguna, Philippines
- Published: 11 May 2020
- Volume 86 , pages 2573–2586, ( 2021 )
Cite this article
- Bing Baltazar C. Brillo ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-9659-9147 1
551 Accesses
4 Citations
Explore all metrics
The Philippines is blessed with an abundance of natural-cultural attractions with an excellent prospect for ecotourism development. Ecotourism has become a key national strategy in promoting local development. Despite this, the country continues to lag behind in ecotourism development as many of its tourism resources in the countryside remain untapped and undeveloped. This situation is exacerbated by the few scholarly discussions on how ecotourism development takes root in a local context. Against this backdrop, the study explores the specifics and dynamics of initiating and establishing ecotourism at the municipal level by looking into the experiences of two localities—Pandin Lake of San Pablo City and Tayak Hill of Rizal Municipality, both in Laguna province of the Philippines. Using a case study design, the article illustrates that in Pandin Lake, the ecotourism development is a locally driven and nongovernmental organisation-inspired initiative, and in Tayak Hill, it is a top-down driven endeavour where the efforts are mainly personal actions of the local executives. In Pandin Lake, the instigating conditions include: the awareness brought about by the save Sampaloc Lake movement; the constraint to aquaculture expansion; the scenic natural beauty of the small lake; and the lack of development-oriented actions by its administrative agencies. In Tayak Hill, the precipitating conditions comprise: the urgent need for instituting a promotional identity for the town and a catalyst for the local socioeconomic development; the advent of a new local government administration that is open to novel development strategies; and the discovery of Tayak Hill as a historical landmark.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this article
Price includes VAT (Russian Federation)
Instant access to the full article PDF.
Rent this article via DeepDyve
Institutional subscriptions
Similar content being viewed by others
Sustainability of a local government-instituted ecotourism development: Tayak adventure, nature and wildlife Park in Rizal, Laguna, Philippines
Bing Baltazar C. Brillo & Aileen C. Simondac-Peria
Interface Between Tribes and Ecotourism: A Study on Sustainability and Development in Purulia, West Bengal
Participatory Planning Tools for Ecotourism in Protected Areas of Morocco and Tunisia: A First Experience
Aguila, G., & Ragot, R. (2014). Ecotourism industry in Ilijan Batangas City, Philippines: Assessing its effects as a basis of proposed tourism development plan. Quarterly Journal of Business Studies, 1 (1), 24–35.
Google Scholar
Alampay, R. B. (2005). The challenge of sustainable tourism development in the Philippines. In R. B. Alampay (Ed.), Sustainable tourism: Challenges for the Philippines . Makati City: PASCN and PIDS.
Alampay, R.B. & Libosada, C. (2005). A framework for classifying ecotourism initiatives in the Philippines. In Alampay, R.B. (ed.), Sustainable Tourism. Challenges for the Philippines. Philippine-APEC Study Center Network and the Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Makati City, Philippines.
Alcid, R. (2007). Sustainable and ecotourism development in the Philippines: Theory and application. Graduate School Research Journal University of the East, 11 (1), 1–17.
Alejandrino, A. (2002). Ecotourism in the Philippines. In T. Hundloe (Ed.), Linking green productivity to ecotourism . Tokyo: Asian Productivity Organization.
Andrada, W. (2002). Ecotourism development framework in the Philippines. In T. Hundloe (Ed.), Linking green productivity to ecotourism . Tokyo: Asian Productivity Organization.
Bagadion, B. & Del Fierro-Juan, N. (2013). Transforming protected areas into effective and sustainable ecotourism destinations: Lessons from the ground. Working Papers 13-24, Asian Institute of Management, Makati City, Philippines.
Batangrizal. (2010). Promoting Tayak hill. https://batangrizal.wordpress.com/2010/11/28/4247/
Batangrizal. (2011a). Promoting Rizal, Laguna thru Philippine daily inquirer. https://batangrizal.wordpress.com/page/2/
Batangrizal. (2011b). Biking heaven: Tayak hill. https://batangrizal.wordpress.com
Brillo, B. B. (2010). The politics of the anti-money laundering act of the Philippines: An assessment of RA 9160 and RA 9194. Asian Social Science, 6 (8), 109–125.
Article Google Scholar
Brillo, B. B. (2014). Shifting economic regimes for retail in the Philippines: External impetus amidst the workings of domestic politics. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 24 (5), 516–530.
Brillo, B. B. (2016a). Development of a small lake: Ecotourism enterprise for Pandin lake, San Pablo City, Philippines. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management, 21 (4), 284–292.
Brillo, B. B. (2016b). Urban lake governance and development in the Philippines: The case of Sampaloc lake, San Pablo City. Taiwan Water Conservancy Journal, 64 (3), 66–81.
Brillo, B. B. (2016c). An assessment of development of a transboundary small lake: Calibato lake, San Pablo City and Rizal, Laguna, Philippines. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 13 (2), 55–67.
Brillo, B. B. (2017). Intricacies, challenges and implications: The governance of Tadlac lake, Los Banos, Laguna. Philippines. International Journal of Water, 11 (4), 376–394.
Brillo, B. B., Quinones, E., & Lapitan, A. (2017). Restoration, development and governance of Dagatan lake, San Antonio, Quezon, Philippines. Taiwan Water Conservancy Journal, 65 (1), 44–54.
Cemex Holdings Philippines. (2014). CEMEX launches isang kalikasan, isang kinabukasan in Laguna. http://cemap.org.ph/?p=2304
Crotty, M. (2004). Foundations of social research: Meaning and perspective in the research process . London: Sage.
Department of Tourism [DOT]. (2011). The national tourism development plan: Strengthening the Philippines strategic planning process. 6th UNWTO Executive Training Program, Bhutan.
Department of Tourism [DOT]. (2012). Ecotourism toward inclusive growth. Global Eco-Asia Pacific Tourism Conference, Queensland, Australia.
Department of Tourism [DOT]. (2014). A perspective of sustainable tourism development in the Philippine . Tehran: Islamic Republic of Iran.
Department of Tourism [DOT]. (2017). Tourism guidebook for local Government Units (Revised) . Makati City: DOT.
Department of Tourism [DOT]. (2018). National tourism development plan, 2016-2022. https://itsmorefunincentralluzon.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/NTDP-2016-2022_Executive-Summary.pdf
Devanadera, N. P. (2002). Ecotourism in Palawan: A case study. In T. Hundloe (Ed.), Linking Green Productivity to Ecotourism . Tokyo: Asian Productivity Organization.
Dwiggins, D. (2006). Interview with a Filipino guerrilla. http://ww2f.com/threads/interview-with-a-filipino-guerilla.13415/
Dwiggins, D. (2011). Guerrilla interview with Lorenzo Cornista. http://udornrtafb.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/guerrillainterviewiii.pdf
Executive Order 111. (1999). Establishing the guidelines for ecotourism development in the Philippines. http://www.gov.ph/1999/06/17/executive-order-no-111-s-1999/
Executive Order 26. (2011). Declaring an interdepartmental convergence initiative for a national greening program. http://www.gov.ph/2011/02/24/executive-order-no-26-s-2011/
Global Monitoring Report. (2015). Ending poverty and sharing prosperity . Washington, D.C.: The World Bank and The International Monetary Fund.
Gonzalez, M. C. (2016). Cultural tourism development in the Philippines: An analysis of challenges and orientations. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 17 (4), 496–515.
Google Maps. (2020). Pandin lake. https://www.google.com.tw/maps/place/Pandin+Lake/@14.1145488,121.3680881,698m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x33bd5b91a283d981:0x601f168e6da1412d!8m2!3d14.1141195!4d121.367743
Google Maps. (2020). Tayak hill. https://www.google.com.ph/maps/place/Tayak+Hill/@14.0837294,121.3763605,13.03z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x33bd5ae4e1d3cc65:0xed9815cf8efb2c86!8m2!3d14.0819197!4d121.4084731?hl=en
Guerrero, R. III. (1979). Cage culture of tilapia in the Philippines. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Pen Cage Culture of Fish, 11-12 February 1979, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines. SEAFDEC/AQD and IDRC, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines.
Guerrero, A. M. (2000). Philippine ecodestinations . Mandaluyong City: Anvil Publishing.
Hernandez, J. (1982). For the love of freedom: Japanese occupation . San Pablo City: The American Legion and Veterans Federation of the Philippines.
Laguna Lake Development Authority [LLDA]. (2005a). Water quality report on Pandin lake 1996–2005 . Rizal: LLDA-EQRD.
Laguna Lake Development Authority [LLDA]. (2005b). Water quality report on Sampaloc lake 1996–2005 . Rizal: LLDA-EQRD.
Laguna Lake Development Authority [LLDA]. (2008). Water quality report of the seven crater lakes 2006–2008 . Rizal: LLDA-EQRD.
Laguna Lake Development Authority [LLDA]. (2014). Pandin lake development and management plan volume 1 and 2. LLDA, Quezon City, Philippines.
Manalo, J. J. (2017). Development through sustainable tourism and effective policy implementation: Practices of Puerto Princesa City, Philippines. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 5 (1), 41–48.
Municipality of Rizal. (2013). 2012 Annual audit report. http://www.coa.gov.ph/phocadownloadpap/userupload/annual_audit_report/LGUs/2013/Region-IV-A/Municipalities/Laguna/Rizal_Laguna_ES2013.pdf
Municipality of Rizal. (2014). 2013 Annual audit report. http://www.coa.gov.ph/phocadownloadpap/userupload/annual_audit_report/LGUs/2014/Region-IV-A/Municipalities/Laguna/Rizal_Laguna_ES2014.pdf
National Competitive Council. (2016). Cities and municipalities competitive index: Philippines. http://www.competitive.org.ph/cmcindex/pages/profile/?lgu=Rizal%20(LA )
National Ecotourism Steering Committee & Ecotourism Technical Working Group [NESC-ETWG]. (2014). National ecotourism strategy and action plan 2013–2022 . Makati City: DOT and DENR.
National Statistical Coordination Board [NSCB]. (2013). 2012 full year official poverty statistics of the Philippines . Makati: NSCB.
Okazaki, E. (2008). A community-based tourism model: Its conception and use. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16 (5), 511–529.
Overseas Fieldwork Report [OFR]. (2016). Laguna province, the Philippines . GSID: Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
Pedrana, M. (2013). Local economic development policies and tourism: An approach to sustainability and culture. Regional Science Inquiry Journal, 5 (1), 91–99.
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology [PHILVOLCS]. (2008). Volcano data base system: Inactive volcanoes. http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=426:inactive-volcanoes&catid=55:volcanoes-of-the-philippines
Philippine Statistics Office [PSO]. (2018). Contribution of tourism to the economy is 12.2 Percent in 2017. https://psa.gov.ph/tourism/satellite-accounts/id/133557
Philippine Statistics Office [PSO]. (2019). Contribution of tourism to the Philippine economy is 12.7 percent in 2018. Quezon City, Philippines. https://psa.gov.ph/content/contribution-tourism-philippine-economy-127-percent-2018
Provincial Government of Laguna. (2013). Annual accomplishment report: Fishpen/Fishcage operators registration in the seven lakes of San Pablo . Sta Cruz: PGL.
Radan, R. R. (1977). The floating fish cages of lake Bunot. Greenfields, 7 (4), 20–24.
Reich, M. (2002). The politics of reforming health policies. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12731117
Relampagos., R. L. (2002). Ecotourism in the Bohol province: Philippines. In T. Hundloe (Ed.), Linking Green Productivity to Ecotourism . Tokyo: Asian Productivity Organization.
Republic Act. 4850 [RA]. (1966). The Laguna lake development authority act (as amended by Presidential Decree 813 issued in October 1975 and Executive Order no. 927 issued in December 1983).
Republic Act 7160 [RA]. (1991). The local government code.
Republic Act. 8435 [RA]. (1997). The agriculture and fishery modernization act.
Republic Act. 8550 [RA]. (1998). The Philippine fisheries code.
Republic Act 9593 [RA]. (2009). Tourism act.
Roxas, F. (2015). How sustainable tourism works? A presentation to the global network week: A management course on sustainable tourism . Makati City: Asian Institute of Management.
Sicat, G. (2019). Tourism as a driver of growth and employment. https://www.philstar.com/business/2019/01/09/1883377/tourism-driver-growth-and-employment
Social Weather Stations [SWS]. (2019). First quarter 2019 social weather survey: Self-rated poverty falls to record-low 38%. https://www.sws.org.ph/swsmain/artcldisppage/?artcsyscode=ART-20190618221931
Summer, A., & Tribe, M. (2008). International development studies: Theories and methods in research and practice . London: Sage.
Book Google Scholar
The Manila Times. (2015). Tree-planting season begins in Mt. San Cristobal. http://www.manilatimes.net/tree-planting-season-begins-in-mt-san-cristobal/196094/
United Nations Environment Programme-World Tourism Organisation [UNEP-WTO]. (2005). Making tourism more sustainable: A guide for policy makers . Paris: UNEP-WTO.
United Nations-World Tourism Organisation [UNWTO]. (2013). Sustainable tourism for development: Guidebook . Madrid: UNWTO.
World Economic Forum [WEF]. (2019). The travel & tourism competitiveness report 2019. WEF, Geneva, Switzerland. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TTCR_2019.pdf
World Travel & Tourism Council [WTTC]. (2018). Travel and tourism: Economic impact 2018 Philippines . London: United Kingdom.
World Travel & Tourism Council [WTTC]. (2019). The economic impact of travel & tourism: March 2019. London, United Kingdom. https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic-impact-research/regions-2019/world2019.pdf
Download references
Author information
Authors and affiliations.
Institute for Governance and Rural Development, College of Public Affairs and Development, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
Bing Baltazar C. Brillo
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Corresponding author
Correspondence to Bing Baltazar C. Brillo .
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest.
The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical standards
This study was approved by the institution.
Additional information
Publisher's note.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Reprints and permissions
About this article
Brillo, B.B.C. Initiation and establishment of ecotourism development: Pandin Lake of San Pablo City and Tayak Hill of Rizal, Laguna, Philippines. GeoJournal 86 , 2573–2586 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10216-1
Download citation
Published : 11 May 2020
Issue Date : December 2021
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10216-1
Share this article
Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative
- Local development
- Ecotourism development
- Local government
- Pandin Lake
- Philippines
- Find a journal
- Publish with us
- Track your research
Tourism Geographies Podcast
Stakeholder collaboration, a solution to overtourism a case study on sagada, the philippines.
This study explores overtourism in the resort town of Sagada, the Philippines, which has experienced an influx of tourists over the past few years. Qualitative methods – including in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, and informal conversations – were used to collect data from 2017 to 2019. A conceptual framework using systems theory guides the data analysis while social exchange and stakeholder theories are also employed. Research findings suggest that although Sagada has immense problems, including inadequate facilities, lack of policies, and insufficient preparedness, stakeholder collaboration has helped mitigate the problems brought by mass tourists. This study finds that when community cooperation is attained, issues brought about by overtourism can be mitigated, and solutions can be crafted.
More episodes
View all episodes.
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Promoting Ecotourism: A Case Study on Sagada, Philippines Submitted by: Almario, Montito Hernando, Miguel Yee, Ciara Yu, Keb INTRODUCTION Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to ...
Promoting Ecotourism: A Case Study on Sagada, Philippines. Judy Villamor. ... The perceived impacts of tourism in Sagada, an Indigenous community in the Philippines Dear colleagues and friends, I am pleased to introduce you to a newly released research report on tourism impacts in Sagada, an Indigenous community in Mountain Province, in the ...
Promoting Ecotourism: A Case Study on Sagada, Philippines Submitted by: Almario, Montito Hernando, Miguel Yee, Ciara Yu, Keb INTRODUCTION. Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their needs.
Pandemic allows Sagada to heal, build on sustainable tourism goal. Dec 7, 2022 9:30 AM PHT. Sherwin de Vera. INFO. The local government tells former tourism workers turned farmers to stay put as ...
In the Philippines, socioeconomic relations that result from deeply uneven market engagements have long made consumption a moral affair. Ecoconscious lifestyles and consumer practices remain largely the domain of elite and middle-class Filipinos, and as such, engagement with sustainable and environmentally friendly consumption may be seen not only as a marker of class distinction but also as a ...
This study explores overtourism in the resort town of Sagada, the Philippines, which has experienced an influx of tourists over the past few years. Discover the world's research 25+ million members
Promoting Ecotourism: A Case Study on Sagada, Philippines. Judy Villamor. Download Free PDF View PDF. ... Ecotourism in the Philippines is a form of sustainable tourism within a natural and cultural heritage area where community participation, protection and management of natural resources, cultural and indigenous knowledge and practices ...
Promoting Ecotourism: A Case Study on Sagada, Philippines Submitted by: Almario, Montito Hernando, Miguel Yee, Ciara Yu, Keb INTRODUCTION Tourism is the temporary movement…
This study critiques attempts to develop ecotourism operations at sites with low ecotourism potential. It draws on 34 interviews from five mangrove forests in the Philippines that were developed ...
One of the most marginalized sectors in the global economy, IPs are invisible in tourism impact research and rarely considered in tourism planning. This study describes the perceived impacts of tourism in Sagada, Mt. Province which is one of the most visited destinations in the Cordillera Administrative Region and home to the most number of IPs ...
Reconciling Formal and Informal Decision-Making on Ecotourist Infrastructure in Sagada, Philippines*. Freda K. Malogdos University of Asia and the Pacific School of Law and Governance Pearl Drive ...
Abstract This study explores overtourism in the resort town of Sagada, the Philippines, which has experienced an influx of tourists over the past few years. Qualitative methods - including in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, and informal conversations - were used to collect data from 2017 to 2019. A conceptual framework using systems theory guides the ...
transform the country into a haven of competitive ecotourism destinations, products and services, without compromising efforts to conserve natural resources and to promote environmental education and ethics [18]. Table 1 shows the ecotourism resources and products that are available in the Philippines as identified in the NES.
Sagada's "sustainable tourism" framework started to bear fruit in 2020. The plan, crafted and launched the year before, aimed to increase the local revenue from the industry while ensuring environmental conservation and respect of the local culture. In 2019 alone, the town's tourism sector collected P13.98 million in total local revenues.
Aforementioned Philippines, by tourism, aspires to becoming a stronger player in an integrated travel industry of today. More, the country realizes which are order to go so, it musts conserve, secure and strengthen the culture, historical and natural human upon which the Philippines draws its unique competitive features.
Ecotourism in Sagada - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. sagada ecotourism
Aforementioned 7,107 islands of the Philippines make it one the the most frequently visited places by tourists in Apac and the Pacific. Aforementioned paper attempting to reviewing existing literatures on how ecotourism serves as a strategy for nation building, as well how establish the requirement since see deliberate efforts to make its contributions sustainable.
The Philippines is blessed with an abundance of natural-cultural attractions with an excellent prospect for ecotourism development. Ecotourism has become a key national strategy in promoting local development. Despite this, the country continues to lag behind in ecotourism development as many of its tourism resources in the countryside remain untapped and undeveloped. This situation is ...
Listen to Stakeholder collaboration, a solution to overtourism? A case study on Sagada, the Philippines from Tourism Geographies Podcast. AbstractThis study explores overtourism in the resort town of Sagada, the Philippines, which has experienced an influx of tourists over the past few years. Qualitative methods - including in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, participant ...
An ideal ecotourism destination in the Philippines identified by the Philippine Department of Tourism is Sagada, often called the "off the beaten track" (Tacio 2009).
The film, mainly recorded in Sagada, Mountain Province, Philippines, has been an apparent cause of Sagada's sudden recent tourism boom. However, as released on various news sources, Sagada's ...
promote ecotourism. The ecotourism is indeed the fastest growing industry in the province; thus, promoting ecotourism is essential. The study sought to describe in detail how an ecological foundation had helped in the promotion of ecotourism in Negros Occidental, Philippines, using a qualitative- case study approach. Data from a
Characterizing Tourism Accessibility of Sagada, Mountain Province and Banaue, Ifugao Philippines November 2017 Conference: 12th Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies Conference 2017