school canteen essay conclusion

Essay On My School Canteen

Post category: Essay
Reading time: 7 mins read

The canteen in my school provides students, teachers and other staff with delicious food and drink in hygienic condition. I know that instead of buying things from roadside sellers, it is safe to eat canteen food. Roadside food can spoil our health. I am lucky to have such a good canteen in my school.

Teachers and other staff members are served by canteen boys in trays. They are served with some light refreshments, tea , coffee , soft drinks, etc. They eat it in their office and staffroom during lunch and short breaks. Even they enjoy canteen food wholehearted.

Many find our school canteen as a great advantage to both pupils and staff. However, a few PTA members do not think so. They think that school encourages students to spend money on eating outside food.

Our Principal Mrs. Karbhari is a truthful and straightforward woman. She always likes to put good new ideas into practice. Last month one of the parents in a PTA meeting suggested that there were good chances of improving the services provided by the school canteen. Since then many positive changes have been brought to the canteen.

The quality of the food has improved. It is served fresh and clean. Food is tastier than ever before. Special utensils are used to store food. The variety of food has increased. Most importantly, it is available at many affordable rates.

My school canteen is run by a staff of people who are well trained and dedicated to preparing food that suits best to the children. On every Thursday, each child gets a free banana from the canteen. Bottles of mineral water are also sold here. Most of the South Indian dishes and dry snacks are available in the canteen. I love to have mendu wada sambhar and plain dosa.

During recess, there is a great rush. However, students show discipline and are well-mannered. Specially appointed students from senior classes help in maintaining discipline in the canteen. There are few benches in the canteen where at least fifty to sixty students can sit at a time to have their lunch. Everything runs smoothly during recess.

Sometimes even teachers and other staff members are seen visiting the school canteen. They sit to have their tea, coffee, or some light snacks. Thus, for me canteen in my school must not be considered as a treat but a need because it fills our empty bellies and helps us in making our minds work during studies.

Set 1: Essay On My School Canteen

I study in Cambridge School which is one of the best schools of Mumbai. It has a stone building. It has all the facilities a good school should have well-furnished classrooms, laboratories, library and playgrounds.

As we enter the school, there is a playground to our left and a small garden to our right. When we enter the building, the principal’s room and the office room are to the left and the staff room to the right side. These are well-furnished. There are thirty-four classrooms. Our laboratories are well-equipped. Our library has books on almost all the subjects. Our librarian is also very nice and helps us choose good books.

Our school, like all schools, has a prescribed uniform. We have to wear white or cream cotton shirts, light blue trousers, black shoes and white socks. Girls have to wear white blouses and light-blue skirts in primary and middle classes and white shirts and light-grey skirts in higher classes. They have to tie their long hair with white ribbons.

In our school special attention is paid to behaviour, cleanliness and punctuality. The most well-behaved, neat and punctual student is awarded a prize at the Annual Day function.

Our principal is a strict disciplinarian. He takes the help of P.T. teachers too. If any student violates the rules, is not in uniform, or makes mischief, gets punished. But he is fair and loving. He tries to find out the reason and guides us.

Our teachers are also quite strict. They teach us with great care, check our notebooks and help us with our problems. But if we are inattentive and don’t work properly, we are punished.

I like my school very much and am proud that I belong to it.

Essay On The Annual School Sports Day
Essay On I Am A School Bag
Essay On My School Peon
Essay On My School Library
Essay On My First Day in School
Essay on My School
Essay On My Favourite Book Mahabharata
Essay On Teachers Day
Essay on My Favourite Teacher

Please Share This Share this content

Opens in a new window

Essay on world’s food day, essay on emperor akbar and his nine gems, essay on the value of discipline in school life, essay on social service league in school.

Essay On Solar Energy

Essay on my ride in a vintage car, leave a reply cancel reply.

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Book Solutions
State Boards

Essay on School canteen | School canteen Essay

Essay – school canteen.

School Canteen is a very favourite place of all students. The school canteen doesn’t only provide food to the students but also wonderful memories. The school I have been studying had a very small canteen selling only packaged foods for munching such as chips, cakes, biscuits etc. It was a small space comprising of 3 tables & 9 chairs. During winters the canteen also used to sell soups.

But after a few years when the school increased the class hours the canteen was renovated. It was turned into a big canteen with various food counters. There was a huge siting arrangement & the canteen provided fresh & hygienic food. There canteen provided coffee tea, various fresh seasonal fruit juices, & shakes. That was the most visited food counter specially in summers. The fresh fruit juice provided relaxation to the body & the soul. Teachers also had tea & coffee from the school canteen.

The second food court of the school canteen provided munching times such as biscuits, chips, cakes etc. It also provided popcorn & other munching stuff. The second counter had comparatively less students because of the time schedules. Various fruit cakes were available for the students. Teachers mostly preferred having biscuits & cookies with tea. The second court had a huge stock & variety because these goods were huge imperishable. But after the school staff noticed huge amount of sale of chips & popcorn, these items were stopped from selling.

The third food counter had the homely food items meant for lunch, such as roti, Paratha, various types of sabjis, curries, even rice, dal etc was served for the hostel students mainly. The lunch served was made of less oil & spices. The items were tasty as well as full of nutrition. The school canteen always served hot, warm food to the students. The potato staffed Paratha was very tasty & mostly had by the students. The school canteen only served vegetarian food to the students. The third counter had a huge rush during the lunch break. But later on the amount of chair & tables were decreased because of the increased of gossip & chit-chat at the student.

The school canteen had many good advantages but it also has many disadvantages lots of food is wasted by children & even by the school canteen. During summers food gets rotten quickly & as a result is thrown away. During winters sometimes stale food is warmed up & served casing health issues. The food prices are comparatively high which become difficult for the parents to bear. But the variety of good forces the students to have canteen food. Though the school canteen has some disadvantages it will always be one of the most memorable & lovable part of the school.

More Essays On:

A Visit to a Zoo

My Last Day at School

A Cricket Match

Life in a big city

More Click Here

great essay

We have a strong team of experienced Teachers who are here to solve all your exam preparation doubts

Class 6 maths worksheets.

$Math Worksheet on Sets for 6th Std.$

Sets Class 6 Worksheet

Rs aggarwal class 8 test paper 8 solutions of linear equations, west bengal board class 9 english solution chapter 1 tales of bhola grandpa.

Username or Email Address

Remember Me

< Back to my filtered results

School Canteen

The nutritional status of school children impacts on their health status, quality of life and learning achievement. The population of age 5 to 18 years spend more than 6 hours a day in school and the improvement of their nutritional status is an investment in achieving educational targets and development of human resources necessary for the advancement of the country.

Accordingly, guidance on proper food consumption at school and creating an environment to obtain healthy foods is essential. The school canteen has to play a major role in this task. The likes and dislikes of children as well as physiological needs have to be matched. Children are the precious assets in a school and in order to protect their health, guidance should be provided to have a canteen that provides adequate nutrition to assist in their physiological development.

With proper management of the school canteen, an environment to select healthy foods is created which prevents opportunities for the selection of unhealthy foods.

Also, proper use of the canteen premises to convey messages that promote a healthy life style will go a long way to improve the health of children.

Education Diary
Advertising
Privacy Policy

Class Notes NCERT Solutions for CBSE Students

English essay on our School Canteen for students & children

admin September 29, 2017 Essays in English 92,397 Views

Our school canteen is very well equipped. One can buy almost every kind of snack there, like samosas, chips, sandwiches, sweet, cakes etc. They are prepared in very hygienic surroundings by our school cook, and tables to sit on and eat, and ovens to keep the food warm. There is also a soda fountain which is Very popular among the older students.

All the students love to sit in the canteen and discuss the events of the day. The noise level is always very high in the canteen as everyone is shouting to make himself heard. There are notice boards and suggestion boxes which all students are freely. There is also a separate enclosure for teachers. The cook charges very reasonable rates from us.

I think that the school canteen is my favorite place in the school. I always enjoy myself there, and look forward to the recess when I can rush to the canteen with my friends.

Stumbleupon

Tags Easy English Essays English Essays for 5 Class Students English Essays for 6 Class Students English Essays for 7 Class Students English Essays for 8 Class Students English Essays for CBSE Students English Essays for NCERT Students English Essays in Easy Language Essays for NCERT Syllabus Essays in English Language Popular English Essays for CBSE Students Short English Essays

Easter Sunday Essay in English

4 weeks ago

होली: रंगों का त्यौहार Hindi Essay on Holi: Festival of Colors

English essay on My Favourite Festival: Holi

March 17, 2024

Mahashivratri Essay in English: Long & Short Essay for Students

March 7, 2024

The Republic Day: Short Essay for Students and Children

January 26, 2024

Guru Nanak Dev Essay For Students and Children

November 24, 2023

Thanksgiving Day Essay in English For Students and Children

November 21, 2023

दिवाली पर निबंध विद्यार्थियों और बच्चों के लिए

Diwali Essay For Students And Children

Diwali Essay [1] ~ 200 Words Diwali Essay: Diwali is a very important festival of …

One comment

Very nice essay on “My neighbours”!

How the quality of school lunch affects students’ academic performance

Subscribe to the brown center on education policy newsletter, michael l. anderson , mla michael l. anderson associate professor of agricultural and resource economics - university of california, berkeley justin gallagher , and jg justin gallagher assistant professor of economics - case western reserve university elizabeth ramirez ritchie err elizabeth ramirez ritchie ph.d. graduate student - university of california-berkeley, department of agricultural and resource economics.

May 3, 2017

In 2010, President Barack Obama signed the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act. The main goal of the law was to raise the minimum nutritional standards for public school lunches served as part of the National School Lunch Program. The policy discussion surrounding the new law centered on the underlying health reasons for offering more nutritious school lunches, in particular, concern over the number of children who are overweight. The Centers for Disease Control estimates that one in five children in the United States is obese.

Surprisingly, the debate over the new law involved very little discussion as to whether providing a more nutritious school lunch could improve student learning. A lengthy medical literature examines the link between diet and cognitive development, and diet and cognitive function. The medical literature focuses on the biological and chemical mechanisms regarding how specific nutrients and compounds are thought to affect physical development (e.g., sight), cognition (e.g., concentration, memory), and behavior (e.g., hyperactivity). Nevertheless, what is lacking in the medical literature is direct evidence on how nutrition impacts educational achievement.

We attempt to fill this gap in a new study that measures the effect of offering healthier public school lunches on end of year academic test scores for public school students in California. The study period covers five academic years (2008-2009 to 2012-2013) and includes all public schools in the state that report test scores (about 9,700 schools, mostly elementary and middle schools). Rather than focus on changes in national nutrition standards, we instead focus on school-specific differences in lunch quality over time. Specifically, we take advantage of the fact that schools can choose to contract with private companies of varying nutritional quality to prepare the school lunches. About 12 percent of California public schools contract with a private lunch company during our study period. School employees completely prepare the meals in-house for 88 percent of the schools.

To determine the quality of different private companies, nutritionists at the Nutrition Policy Institute analyzed the school lunch menus offered by each company. The nutritional quality of the menus was scored using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). The HEI is a continuous score ranging from zero to 100 that uses a well-established food component analysis to determine how well food offerings (or diets) match the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The HEI is the Department of Agriculture’s preferred measure of diet quality, and the agency uses it to “examine relationships between diet and health-related outcomes, and to assess the quality of food assistance packages, menus, and the US food supply.” The average HEI score for the U.S. population is 63.8, while the median HEI score in our study is 59.9. In other words, the typical private company providing public school lunch in CA is a bit less healthy than the average American diet.

We measure the relationship between having a lunch prepared by a standard (below median HEI) or healthy (above median HEI) company relative to in-house preparation by school staff. Our model estimates the effect of lunch quality on student achievement using year-to-year changes between in-house preparation of school meals and outside vendors of varying menu quality, within a given school . We control for grade, school, and year factors, as well as specific student and school characteristics including race, English learner, low family income, school budget, and student-to-teacher ratios.

We find that in years when a school contracts with a healthy lunch company, students at the school score better on end-of-year academic tests. On average, student test scores are 0.03 to 0.04 standard deviations higher (about 4 percentile points). Not only that, the test score increases are about 40 percent larger for students who qualify for reduced-price or free school lunches. These students are also the ones who are most likely to eat the school lunches.

Moreover, we find no evidence that contracting with a private company to provide healthier meals changes the number of school lunches sold. This is important for two reasons. First, it reinforces our conclusion that the test score improvements we measure are being driven by differences in food quality, and not food quantity. A number of recent studies have shown that providing (potentially) hungry kids with greater access to food through the National School Lunch Program can lead to improved test scores. We are among the very few studies to focus on quality, rather than food quantity (i.e., calories). Second, some critics of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act worried that by raising the nutritional standards of school lunches that fewer children would eat the food, thereby unintentionally harming the students that the law was designed to help. Our results provide some reassurance that this is not likely to be the case.

Finally, we also examine whether healthier school lunches lead to a reduction in the number of overweight students. We follow previous literature and use whether a student’s body composition (i.e. body fat) is measured to be outside the healthy zone on the Presidential Fitness Test . We find no evidence that having a healthier school lunch reduces the number of overweight students. There are a few possible interpretations of this finding, including that a longer time period may be necessary to observe improvements in health, the measure of overweight is too imprecise, or that students are eating the same amount of calories due to National School Lunch Program calorie meal targets.

Education researchers have emphasized the need and opportunity for cost-effective education policies . While the test score improvements are modest in size, providing healthier school lunches is potentially a very cost-effective way for a school to improve student learning. Using actual meal contract bid information we estimate that it costs approximately an additional $80 per student per year to contract with one of the healthy school lunch providers relative to preparing the meals completely in-house.

While this may seem expensive at first, compare the cost-effectiveness of our estimated test score changes with other policies. A common benchmark is the Tennessee Star experiment , which found a large reduction in the class size of grades K-3 by one-third correlated with a 0.22 standard deviation test score increase. This reduction cost over $2,000 when the study was published in 1999, and would be even more today. It is (rightfully) expensive to hire more teachers, but scaling this benefit-cost ratio to achieve a bump in student learning gains equal to our estimates, we find class-size increases would be at least five times more expensive than healthier lunches.

Thus, increasing the nutritional quality of school meals appears to be a promising, cost-effective way to improve student learning. The value of providing healthier public school lunches is true even without accounting for the potential short- and long-term health benefits, such as a reduction in childhood obesity and the development of healthier lifelong eating habits. Our results cast doubt on the wisdom of the recently announced proposal by Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue to roll back some of the school lunch health requirements implemented as part of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act.

Essay on “The Scene at A School Canteen” for School, College Students, Long and Short English Essay, Speech for Class 9, 10 and 12 students.

The Scene at A School Canteen

Essay No. 01

The school canteen is the busiest corner during the recess period. As soon-as the bell rings the students rush to the Canteen. The school hums with life and activity. The senior students are cleverer than others. They take their turn before the junior students. The younger students lag behind. They have to stand and wait for their turn. This is the centre of attraction for most of the students.

The pocket money is soon spent up. Some students take tea while others take cold drinks. Samosas and Patties are very popular. Very few students like to have fruits in lunch time. It is half an hour show. Most of the students are in a hurry. But some of them are very slow. Now and then someone comes and order the cold drink. Someone is having sweets and others are gobbling up light snacks. Sometimes they have an interesting topic to discuss. It costs them a few rupees to spend their half an hour in canteen.

It is the most crowded place of the school. Light refreshment prepares the students for the remaining school hours. The students come and go enjoying their leisure time. This becomes a meeting place for the friends from different classes.

Varieties of eatables are displayed in the show cases. Sweets, potato chips, other packed snacks, bread and fruits are kept in the enclosure. Flies are kept off somehow. Pakoras, Samosas and Patties are hot and fresh. These are in great demand.

There goes the last bell! Sonic students again move towards the canteen. They take tea before they leave for home. Perhaps some pocket money is not yet spent up, and they would not return home without spending it. The teachers also make use of the canteen during their recess period. They do not move out of the school premises. Most of them like to take tea or fruit. Cold drinks are commonly gulped down in summer.

The scene at the canteen during the recess period is very exciting indeed. If the students do not co-operate there may be confusion. The man at the counter may not attend to them properly. The whole show maybe different. The students have to be present in their classes when the second bell rings. No student is to be seen thereafter. Other students go away, having a great time in the canteen.

Essay No. 02

A Scene at a School Canteen

A canteen is a place where students get refreshments during the recess.

During recess canteen becomes like a railway platform where all students appear in a hurry to be first

Students have a variety of eatables before them like Choley Bhature, Chaats, Samosas, Bread Pakoras etc. along with drinks to choose from like coffee, tea, cold drinks, lassi etc.

Students make a lot of noises in the canteen as they know they would not be punished. Some students even break into quarrels on the issue of getting service first. However, the owner of the canteen keeps calm as he is already prepared for this kind of rush and behaviour.

As the bell rings signaling the end of the recess, the students go back to their classes and the canteen assumes a deserted look.

Absolute-Study

Hindi Essay, English Essay, Punjabi Essay, Biography, General Knowledge, Ielts Essay, Social Issues Essay, Letter Writing in Hindi, English and Punjabi, Moral Stories in Hindi, English and Punjabi.

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Publications
Account settings

Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .

Advanced Search
Journal List

Assessment of Food Quality in School Canteens: A Comparative Quantitative Study between Primary and Secondary Schools in Malaysia

Associated data.

Request to access the datasets should be directed to moc.liamg@2102oofhl .

Schools are an important food environment to cultivate and promote healthy food choices and practices among children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to assess the type and quality of food and beverages sold in school canteens in public primary and secondary schools in Kelantan, Malaysia. Eligible schools were randomly selected from the list of all schools and detailed information of all food and beverage items sold in the school canteens were collected during school days. Food and beverages were classified based on food groups derived from the Malaysian Food Dietary Guideline and the Recommended Foods for Healthy Cafeteria Guideline. An assessment of the traffic-light nutrition food-labelling system of the total sugar content in all pre-packaged foods was also undertaken. A total of 568 food items were identified, with secondary school canteens selling a greater proportion of food items than the primary schools (55.5% vs. 44.5%). In terms of the main food groups, grains and cereal products represented the largest food group served (33–36%), followed by beverages (21–25%) and confectionary and sweet foods (12–13%). In contrast, the vegetable and fruit group represented the smallest proportion of food items sold (1–3%). Comparisons between primary and secondary schools showed a similar trend and pattern of food types and quality of foods sold, except for animal-based foods. A greater percentage of food items in this category was found among secondary schools (12.1%) versus primary schools (6.7%). When total sugar content of all pre-packaged foods was quantified based on the traffic-light nutrition-labelling system, almost one-third of foods and beverages were classified as high (29.1%). Confectionary (19.1%) and flavoured milk and fruit drinks (10.0%) both exceeded the recommended sugar levels of >22.5 g per 100 g and >11.25 mL per 100 m L, respectively. Only one of these packaged foods and beverages (0.9%) was classified as a healthy food choice. About a quarter of the food items available in school canteens were classified as prohibited based on a new revised list of prohibited food and beverage items. These findings indicate that, despite the Guidelines, a large number of unhealthy food items are being sold in school canteens. Hence, interventions such as sustainable healthy school canteen menus should be implemented to promote healthy food choices amongst school-aged children.

1. Introduction

Childhood obesity has emerged as one of the major global public health crises, including in Malaysia where the prevalence of childhood obesity has markedly increased over the years [ 1 ]. Childhood obesity causes a wide range of psychosocial and health consequences during the growing years and, if untreated, also across adulthood [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Based on the recent Malaysian nationwide survey in 2019, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 15.1% in 2011 to 29.8% in 2019 among children aged 5–17 years [ 5 ]. This finding highlights the dramatic increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity in Malaysia with attendant impact on psychosocial and cardio-metabolic health later in life.

It is well-documented that a poor diet is one of the major determinants of an increased risk of malnutrition from underweight to obesity in school-aged children [ 6 , 7 ]. Considerable research to date has been undertaken to assess and identify the underlying causes and determinants of food choices and eating behaviours [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], in which multiple factors ranging from individual biological, genetic, psychosocial and lifestyle factors, family and social influences, institutional, neighbourhood and community environments, and macro-system influences, such as marketing, culture, and values within the food systems, may directly or indirectly influence a child’s eating behaviours [ 12 ].

A growing body of evidence suggests that other factors, such as the food environment and its availability and accessibility, play an important role and is often referred to as the ecological behaviour model [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. For example, access and availability to healthy foods at home is significantly associated with eating behaviours and better diet quality [ 14 , 16 ]. In contrast, access to unhealthy food outlets around homes and/or within the wider community, such as fast food restaurants and convenience stores, are associated with an increased risk of excessive weight gain [ 13 , 15 , 17 ]. These findings have highlighted the importance of the relationship between food choice and the environment [ 18 ].

The school food environment has a potentially significant impact on a child’s dietary practices as they spend more time in school than in any other environment away from home and consume almost half of their total daily energy in the school setting [ 19 , 20 ]. Hence, school should be considered one of the key environments where healthy eating behaviours could be established, and at the same time, childhood obesity could be tackled [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Numerous studies from the United States [ 23 ] and Australia [ 24 ] have shown that higher availability of less-healthy food and beverages, high in energy, sugar, fats, and salt, in schools was associated with poor nutritional status and higher energy intake. Despite the growing body of evidence from Western countries, school food environments are quite different across Asia in general, and particularly in Malaysia, hence results cannot be directly extrapolated. To the best of our knowledge, very limited work has been conducted in Asia to investigate food types including cooked and pre-packaged foods and their quality in school canteens. Moreover, an assessment of the school food environment would help us to understand and identify the quality of food and beverages available and their association with poor health [ 19 ]. In turn, a better understanding of the food and beverage available within schools may have a broader impact on eating behaviours and future disease risk [ 20 ]. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the availability, type, and quality of food and beverages available in both primary and secondary school canteens in Kelantan, Malaysia. We also assessed the total sugar content of the pre-packaged food and beverages using a traffic-light nutrition classification system and assessed the proportion of these food items sold in relation to the Healthy School Canteen Management Guide, Ministry of Education Malaysia [ 25 ].

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. study design.

A list of all schools in the district was obtained from the State Department of Education, Ministry of Education, Malaysia. Only schools that met the inclusion criteria of being government-funded with non-religious and special educational needs, were eligible to be included in the study as the main national education system provided to most of the students in Malaysia. A total of 140 public schools, 97 and 43 primary and secondary schools, respectively, were eligible to be included in the study. These schools were further stratified into two main categories namely, national school (135 schools) and national-type Chinese school (vernacular school) (5 schools), as reflected by the ethnic composition of the population in Kelantan. Initially, a total of 12 public schools (6 schools for each of primary and secondary categories), were recruited with a simple random sampling ratio of national school to national-type Chinese school of 2:1 to represent the student population distribution by ethnic groups in Kelantan. However, all schools suspended operations due to the implementation of the nationwide Movement Control Order associated with the COVID-19 pandemic on 18 March 2020. Hence, a total of 10 schools, comprising three national schools and two national-type Chinese schools from both primary and secondary categories were included in the final analysis. Once all eligible schools were identified, a letter of invitation, including study information sheet such as the study purpose and procedures, was given to school principals. Informed consent was obtained from school authorities and food operators prior to data collection. Data collection, using direct observation of all foods sold in school canteens, was conducted between January 2020 and March 2020. As the present study did not include human participants; no research ethics approval was required.

2.2. Measurements

All information of foods and beverages in various preparation forms such as pre-packaged foods, ready-to-eat cooked and pre-ordered cooked meals in terms of the ingredients used and portion serving served for each meal were collected by researchers and helpers across a number of days to minimise the effect of intra-day food variation. Information was double-checked with school canteen menus provided. In addition, images of a whole plate or whole bowl or whole tray of cooked food were taken to capture the actual portion and size of the food and beverage served. For ordered cooked meals served in school canteens, images were taken after the food was cooked and served, during recess time. For pre-packaged foods, information regarding total calories, fat, sugar, and salt listed on the front-of-pack nutrition labels were also collected.

2.3. Classification of Measurement Variables

All food and beverage items sold in school canteens were classified into 10 main food groups (vegetables, fruits, grains and cereal products, eggs, nuts and legumes, animal-based foods, milk and dairy products, snack and fast foods, confectionary and sweet foods, and beverages), as most main food components were included based on the current revised Malaysian Dietary Guidelines [ 26 ].

We used the UK-based front-of-package Nutritional Traffic Light rating guidelines for total sugar content per 100g of food (or per 100 mL for beverages) ( Table 1 ), developed by the Food Standards Agency (FSA), UK, in 2006 [ 27 ]. Total sugar content of all pre-packaged foods and beverages is classified as a low- (green traffic light, healthiest), medium- (amber traffic light) or high-sugar food (red traffic light, least healthy). In addition, the extent and degree to which these pre-packaged foods were further classified based on the NOVA food processing classification criteria into (i) unprocessed or minimally processed foods, (ii) processed culinary ingredients, (iii) processed foods, and (iv) ultra-processed food and drink products [ 28 ].

Classification of the total sugar content based on the UK Nutritional Traffic Light System.

Food Standards Agency, UK (2007).

The quality of foods and beverages available were further compared with the two different approaches, namely, (i) the revised list of prohibited food and beverages items sold in school canteens by the Healthy School Canteen Management Guide [ 25 ] and (ii) the highly recommended healthy food choices menu offered by the Healthy Cafeteria Initiative Program [ 29 ]. In brief, numerous food and beverages that are high in fats, sugars, and salt contents such as instant noodles, cakes and donuts, fried crackers, and processed foods, such as burgers, sausages, nuggets, sweet chocolate snacks, candy, junk foods, cream roll bread, creamy biscuits, processed pickled foods, pre-mixed cordial and syrup drinks, and carbonated flavoured drinks, have been considered prohibited food and beverage items [ 25 ]. In addition, there are several proposed food types and choices such as grains and cereal-based foods, wholemeal or wholegrain breads, vegetables, fruits, seafood, poultry and eggs, legumes, and low fat milk or skimmed milk, that are highly recommended in the Healthy Cafeteria Initiative programme conducted by the Ministry of Health Malaysia [ 29 ].

2.4. Statistical Analysis

Descriptive statistics were generated for characteristics of all food and beverage items, as expressed in mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and percentages and numbers for categorical variables. In addition, food and beverages that appeared multiple times in the same school were coded only once to prevent the over-counting of similar food. There was no formal statistical test needed, as the number of potential comparisons was very large and there was no clear mechanism by which the multiple possible dimensions of testing for differences could be represented and/or tested.

Table 2 shows the general characteristics of the types of food and beverages available in both primary and secondary schools in the study. A total of 568 food items were identified for both schools, with secondary school canteens selling a greater proportion of food items than the primary schools (55.5% vs. 45.5%). Comparisons of the food and beverage distributions between primary and secondary schools showed that there was a quite consistent trend and pattern in almost all food types, except for pre-packaged foods that were more common in the secondary school canteens than in primary school canteens (15.6% vs. 7.5%). Ready-to-eat cooked food was the most common category of food items available, followed by beverages either in pre-packaged or pre-made drinks and pre-packaged foods.

General characteristics of food and beverages available in primary and secondary school canteens.

a Food were heated before serving or sold in ready-to-eat form and these foods were usually baked, roasted, fried, broiled, or sautéed in advance.; b Foods that are sealed in a packaged form such as in box, bag, can or other container.; c Food that need to be placed an order before it is available for purchase.; d Beverages that are sealed in a box, bag, can or other container and usually sold in the grocery store in their packaged form.; e Beverages that are prepared before serving.

Table 3 presents the distribution of food items available in both school canteens based on 10 major food groups. As expected, it was a similar pattern of food groups found between primary and secondary school canteens, whereby grains and cereal-based products was the main food category available, followed by beverages, confectionary and sweet foods, fried snacks and fast foods, and animal-based food products. When these specific main food groups were re-classified as main staple food products, animal-based protein products, high fats and sweet foods, fruits and vegetables, and legume-based foods, it was found that high fats and sweet food products (23.4% and 24.1%) and sugary beverages (24.9% and 21.3%) were among the most common food products available besides the main staple products sold, in both primary or secondary school canteens. In contrast, fruit and vegetables (3.2% and 1.0 %), and legume-based products (0.8% and 1.9%) were the least common food items available. Comparisons of food-type distributions between primary and secondary school canteens showed quite a consistent pattern and trend for both school canteens, except for animal-based foods. A greater percentage of food items in this category was found in 12.1% of secondary schools vs. 6.7% of primary schools. Interestingly, there were no fruit items available in secondary school canteens, unlike in primary school canteens (2.4%).

Distribution of food and beverage types in both primary and secondary school canteens based on 10 food categories.

The healthiness of foods was determined by the total sugar content of all pre-packaged foods and beverages based on the traffic-light nutrition rating system ( Table 4 ). Out of 147 pre-packaged food items available in both school canteens, a total of 110 foods and beverages (74.8%) contained front-of-pack nutrient information on total sugar content. Overall, almost one-third of these pre-packaged food and beverage products (29.1%) received the red traffic-light rating as less healthy foods and beverages. As expected, confectionary and sweet foods (19.1%) and flavoured yogurt drink and fruit cordial drinks (10.0%) both exceeded the recommended sugar levels of >22.5 g per 100 g and >11.25 mL per 100 mL, respectively. In contrast, only one of these packaged foods (0.9%) was classified as a healthy food choice based on the total sugar content. When these pre-packaged food items were further classified based on the NOVA food processing classification criteria [ 28 ], all were classified as ultra-processed food and drink products (data not shown).

Distribution of total sugar contents based on pre-packaged food and beverage items in primary and secondary school canteens using the Traffic-Light Nutrition Rating System.

a Low in total sugar contents and is a healthier choice; b Neither high nor low in total sugar contents; c High in sugar contents and is a less healthy food.

Table 5 shows the distribution of the prohibited food items and the recommended healthy food types. In general, there was a significant amount of prohibited foods and beverages sold at both primary and secondary school canteens. About a quarter of foods and beverages (26.8%) were classified as prohibited food items based on the new revised prohibited food list based on the Healthy School Canteen Management Guide [ 25 ]. Processed foods. such as burgers, sausages, nuggets, fish balls, and related foods, were considered the most popular food items in both canteens, followed by cream rolls, bread, and creamy biscuits, and pre-mixed cordial and syrup beverages. On the contrary, when these foods in both school canteens were further compared with the proposed recommended healthy food items and/or menus based on the Healthy Cafeteria Initiative [ 29 ], only 10.2% were classified as highly recommended healthy food choices in these canteens. Comparisons of food quality distribution showed that secondary school canteens offered higher amounts of prohibited foods compared to primary schools (28.3% vs. 24.9%). A similar pattern was found for the recommended healthy food items and choices in these canteens, whereby secondary school canteens offered slightly more healthy food items than primary school canteens (11.8% vs. 8.3%). Interestingly, most prohibited food items sold in these school canteens were considered ultra-processed food products based on the NOVA food processing classification. In contrast, most recommended healthy food items were classified as unprocessed or minimally processed foods.

Classification of foods and beverages available in school canteens based on the Healthy Cafeteria Guideline and the NOVA food processing classification system.

a Classification based on the new revised list of prohibited food and beverage items in school canteens recommended in the Healthy School Canteen Management Guide (Ministry of Education Malaysia, 2017); b proposed food types based on the recommended food menu choices by the Healthy Cafeteria Initiative Program (Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2011); G 1 = unprocessed and minimally processed foods and G 4 = ultra-processed food.

4. Discussion

Schools are an important food environment to cultivate and promote healthy food choices and eating practices among children. Increasing the availability and attractiveness of a wide range of healthy food choices and, at the same time, restricting the availability of less healthy food that are relatively low in nutrients and high in sugars and fats is an important strategy [ 20 , 21 ]. Previous studies have indicated that food availability in school is one of the strongest determinants of food-eating choices among school-aged children and adolescents [ 24 , 30 , 31 ]. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to assess in detail, the distribution of foods and beverages in terms of types and quality assessed by several assessment criteria in both primary and secondary schools. The main findings of the present study indicate that despite main staple food products, high-fat and sweet food products, and sugary beverages being the most common foods and beverages stocked in these primary and secondary school canteens. In contrast, healthy food types, such as fruits and vegetables and legume-based products, were less common foods. This pattern is consistent with previous work conducted in primary school canteens [ 32 ]. Hence, the present findings reiterate the fact that the presence of more low nutrient, energy-dense foods, such as high fat and sweet foods and sugar-sweetened beverages, and fewer fruits, vegetables, and legume-based foods is still a major concern in these school canteens. This observation may be significantly associated with poor dietary eating choices [ 20 , 23 , 24 , 30 ]. For instance, students who had greater access to à la carte food products tend to consume more low-nutrient, energy-dense foods, such as sugar-sweetened beverages, and fewer fruits and vegetables [ 30 , 31 ]. If that would be the case, this could significantly influence the energy intake associated with high-calorie foods that are high in fats and sugars and consequently may lead to poor energy balance and the risk of excessive weight gain.

Most pre-packaged foods and beverages available in school canteens had considerably moderate to high content of sugars, with almost one-third of these pre-packaged food products classified as less healthy. Most were confectionary and sweet foods, flavoured yogurt drinks, and fruit cordial drinks with added sugars. Furthermore, about a quarter of the food items available in school canteens were classified as prohibited based on the new revised list of prohibited food and beverage items. This pattern of high-sugar content is consistent with previous studies in primary school canteens in Malaysia [ 32 ] and school meals reported in the United States [ 30 , 33 ]. The present findings emphasise that the dietary pattern of high sugar contents found in foods and beverages in school canteens is a major concern. The excessive consumption of sugars in children and adolescents is an emerging public health concern [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. High intake of sugar in children and adolescents have been significantly associated with increased risk of dental caries [ 37 ], poor diet quality [ 38 ], excessive weight gain and obesity [ 34 , 36 ], and cardiometabolic disorders [ 39 ].

The consumption of ultra-processed foods has become more common worldwide, including in Malaysia [ 40 ]. A growing body of evidence has suggested that food processing levels could be used to display “very healthy” perspectives on the studied foods, whereby the pattern of ultra-processed food consumption might be a marker of a constellation of poor diet quality, in which the higher consumption of ultra-processed foods has been significantly associated with the greater intake of calories, sugars, fats, and sodium [ 41 , 42 ] and the increased risk of poor health outcomes in children and adolescents [ 43 , 44 ]. Analyses of the food quality of items available in both primary and secondary school canteens were further classified according to the NOVA food processing classification based on the extent and purpose of industrial food processing [ 28 ]. It is interestingly to note that most prohibited food items and high-sugar content pre-packaged food and beverages available in the present study were considered ultra-processed food products based on the NOVA food processing classification, whereas most recommended healthy food items were classified as unprocessed or minimally processed. Overall, the present results suggest that ultra-processed foods available in school canteens are associated with a higher proportion of unhealthy food consumption, in both primary and secondary school children, as found in previous studies in other countries [ 41 , 42 ]. This suggests that most ultra-processed food products are often high in sugar and fat content and are another important nutrition concern that needs greater attention, because unhealthy choices have become the most common food choice among school-aged children in school canteens.

Comparisons of food types and quality between primary and secondary school canteens found that the latter offered higher amounts of prohibited foods, as reflected by the fact that a higher proportion of high-fat foods such as the processed meat foods, cream rolls, bread, and creamy biscuits in the prohibited food list in secondary school canteens, which perhaps could possibly be attributed to high demand and food preference among secondary school children. Several plausible explanations could help to explain the presence of more food products that are high in calories, sugars, fats, and sodium foods in secondary school canteens. As children get older, they tend to spend large amount of time in school, and they are most likely to make more food purchases in school canteens because they are not allowed to leave the school grounds during school hours, as indicated by the total number of foods available in secondary school canteens. Secondly. they tend to have more independence and autonomy for more food choice behaviours because they might have had more disposable income (pocket money) at this age to purchase more foods compared to their younger peers. Lastly, they are also more susceptible to many influences that are beyond the family environment, such as from schools, the local community, mass media, and social media, as well as peer influence [ 16 ].

The present findings of the food availability pattern found more often in secondary school canteens than in primary school canteens are in line with a study comparing the food items offered between intermediate schools and elementary schools in the United States [ 31 ]. Moreover, the high availability of energy-dense foods tends to include foods that are also high in sugars, fats, and/or salt reported in these secondary school canteens, which could result in more frequent purchases of these foods. This could possibly be explained by the fact that adolescents tend to consume foods high in fats, sugars, and carbohydrates and low in fruits and vegetables, compared to their younger counterparts in schools [ 45 , 46 ]. Hence, food environment indeed influences student food choices and consumption [ 20 , 21 ]. These findings, together with the current study have revealed that adolescents tend to choose and consume less healthy food and an unbalanced diet when they are given more free choice. On the other hand, there were not many differences among the recommended healthy food items and choices or the healthiness of total sugar of pre-packaged foods across both primary and secondary school canteens. These findings have implications for schools and suggest actions that schools could use as “alternative” avenue to encourage healthier eating practices by providing a wide variety of healthy food choices when children get older and they are given more choices, because a healthy diet during school-age has significant implications for general health and nutritional well-being of their current life and later in life [ 2 , 3 , 7 ].

Strengths and Limitations of the Study

The strengths of the present study were that all schools were recruited using random sampling based on the two main public-school categories available in order to get a more representative sample of school-aged children in terms of age and ethnicity in Kelantan, Malaysia. Secondly, the present study was carried out using direct observation of school canteens, in which detailed information of entire foods and beverages were collected. Additionally, the data collected were objective and not subject to researcher bias. In addition, the present results provide novel information on the presence of total sugars in the school food environment, in which detailed information on the helpfulness of pre-packaged foods and beverages in school canteens, and restrictions on the access to unhealthy food items and healthy school meals at school were also assessed. Findings from this present study should be useful to the government education and health agencies to develop and formulate more specific nutrition actions such as reducing sugar consumption and also for the proper planning of new healthy nutrition standards.

Nonetheless, this study also has some limitations. First, differences between students in terms of socio-demographic background could possibly influence their purchasing, consumption, and compensatory eating behaviours. Hence, further research is needed to determine the relationships between student food-eating practices, socio-demographic factors, and interactions with food environments in schools on the risks of excessive weight gain and cardio-metabolic disorder. Secondly, due to its cross-sectional observational design, the causality of associations cannot be established. Lastly, the present work only focused on the detailed distribution in terms of types and quality of foods and beverages served in school canteens as measurement indicators of the availability and accessibility of foods and beverages in the school food environment. It has been used as “measures” of food availability and accessibility in present schools because most students purchased foods solely in their school canteen because there were no vending machines allowed in the schools and, also, students were not allowed to go outside of the school during their time at school. It is generally known that there is no standardised methods of assessment developed up to the present time to assess the school food environment [ 22 ]. It is hoped that more comparable robust methods of assessment can be developed to determine and monitor the school food environment from across different sociodemographic and geographical regions across different countries, in order to better understanding the role of the school food environment on the development of obesity and disease-related risks among school-aged children and adolescents in the near future.

5. Conclusions

These findings indicate that, despite the Guidelines, a large number of unhealthy food items are being sold in school canteens. Hence, interventions, such as sustainable healthy school canteen menus, should be implemented to promote healthy food choices amongst school-aged children. Awareness of and interventions regarding healthy eating practices among students should be implemented in schools, such as effective nutrition intervention strategies with active partnerships with all relevant stakeholders, namely, school authorities, food operators, teachers, parents, and students, to develop and strengthen the implementation of healthy school nutrition promotion-related practices and policies. These include increasing the availability of healthy food options, such as fruits and vegetables, and/or restricting the availability of low-nutrient, energy-dense food products available, such as foods and beverages high in sugars and fats, in school settings, which may positively impact students’ dietary habits and their general nutritional and health well-being.

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Ke Whey Pang and Kwan Pei Lim for their help in data collection, and school principals and canteen operators who directly or indirectly, gave their full commitment and co-operation throughout the study.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, L.H.F. and Y.J.T.; Methodology, L.H.F. and Y.J.T.; Data collection, Y.J.T.; Data analysis, L.H.F. and Y.J.T.; Writing–original draft preparation, writing and editing, L.H.F. and Y.J.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

The authors received no external funding for this work.

Institutional Review Board Statement

The present study did not include human participants; hence, no research ethics approval was required.

Informed Consent Statement

Informed consent was obtained from school authorities and food operators prior to data collection.

Data Availability Statement

Conflicts of interest.

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Research Paper
Book Report
Book Review
Research Proposal
Annotated Bibliography
Answers Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
Dissertation
Proofreading
Powerpoint Presentation
Poster Presentation
Excel Exercises
Thesis Proposal
Discussion Board Post
Dissertation Abstract
Dissertation Introduction
Dissertation Literature
Dissertation Hypothesis
Dissertation Methodology
Dissertation Results
Dissertation Discussion
Dissertation Conclusion
Movie Critique
Literary Essay
Article Critique
Article Review
Blog Writing
Capstone Project
Movie Review
Response Paper
Marketing Plan
Reaction Paper
Business Plan
Grant Proposal
IB Extended Essay
Application Letter
Literature Review
Motivation Letter
Questionnaire
Scholarship Essay
White Paper

School Canteens

According to GAO’s research findings, there school canteens had been serving the school children with unhealthy foods. The research established that 99% high schools, 97% middle schools and 83% elementary schools were equipped with vending machines that helped in the distribution of junk food. The vending machines mainly supplied soft and sport drinks, salty snacks, high fat baked goods and salty snacks. It was further observed that the presence of these vending machines and other food outlets undermined the government inanities. The federal government has an annual budget of up to 8.5 billion dollars dedicated for the school feeding program. The program only bore some notable results in the period of 1992-1998 (Dobson & Knightly, 2010).

Obesity is a top killer disease in America. In itself, it may not be fatal but it comes with so many other related conditions that are very fatal. This would include hypertension, diabetes, some forms of cancer and even heart attacks (Oliver, 2006). The junk that was being served in the schools was one of the main causes of obesity. Government was concerned and so were parents and this was what fueled the need for reforming of policy. Prior to the establishment of the act, it was realized that the restrictions that were present on the schools as far as selling of Junk was concerned were very minimal and the legislation guiding it had not been amended for over thirty years although the situations had significantly changed by then . One of the main loopholes is that while the law prohibited the sale of certain foods on campus, it did not prohibit selling of the same food stuffs just outside the gate of the school.

Who supported the policy?

The policy enjoyed support from a wide range of organizations. Many of the people were attached personally to the bill since many citizens were parents who were concerned for the health of their kids. The U.S congress not only initiated the bill but helped a great deal in the adoption and implementation of the bill. One of the organizations that were very instrumental in the adoption of the bill was govtrack.

Which party democrats or republican supported this policy?

The child Nutrition promotion and school Lunch protection enjoyed support across the political divide although the democrats were the most vocal about the adoption and the speedy implementation of the bill. The democrats went as far as arguing that the bill will in fact result in economic growth if adopted.

Choice Analysis

The federal government has an annual budget of up to 8.5 billion dollars dedicated for the school feeding program. The policy is desirable as it is a reflection of the best feeding habits for the school going children. It will help in fostering good health not only in the short term but also in the long term. The availability of healthy foods and drinks at the schools is important as it will instill some lifelong lessons about good eating habits in the children (Martin & Oakley, 2007).

This goal will be realize with the partnership of the school food professionals with the parents, the teachers and the community as a whole. In the light of the state-nation conflict, it is imperative that the federal government preempts the estate government in case of future arising conflict. National nutrient standards will reflect what is best for children’s present and future health (Michelle, & Fried, 2009).

Logic analysis

The US institute of Medicine (2007) observed that the child Nutrition Promotion and school Lunch protection act was geared at improving not only the nutrition but also the long term health of the students. The policy was also implemented with the goal of providing enough food for the children. This was especially necessary due to the different home backgrounds of the children. From a psychological point of view, the feeding program would help the children to eat together which would go along way in helping them develop life skills as they socialize.

Although this and many other advantages have bee realized by the bill, it has also led to some undesirable results. Some people now warn that the program is having a negative toll on the learning process. A lot of resource in monetary as well as time value is being spent on the program. This would otherwise be diverted to the education of the children. The program’s success is also dependant on the family habits of the individual children. The feeding program may serve food that is healthy while a certain child gets exposed to unhealthy food in his/her home.

Recommendations

The success of the program is not dependant on the school administration or on the e federal government. The society is the wheels that will drive the needed reform. It would be retrogressive if the society remains permissible to the unhealthy foodstuffs while the government tries to serve the children healthy food. Parents are encouraged to model to their children the importance of healthy foods by serving healthy food at their dining tables.

There also needs to be a clear-cut clarification of the preemption of the legislation. In the event that the state makes a legislation that contravenes the federal policy, then the state law should be preempted by the federal law. This will help in dealing with any future conflicts in legislation that could arise. Finally, the program is to be commended as it gives many of the school children an equal chance to learn comfortably irrespective of their background. It creates a sense of being similar to the other kids which goes a long way in boosting the self esteem of the different children. The policy should remain that way as it also ensures the health of the children.

for more than

+1(888) 585-0586

+1(888) 216-9741

[email protected]

Aptitude Test
Multiple Choice Test
Presentation and Speech Writing
Powerpoint Presentation Poster
Dissertation chapter – Abstract
Dissertation chapter – Hypothesis
Dissertation chapter – Literature review
Dissertation chapter – Methodology
Dissertation chapter – Results
Dissertation chapter – Conclusion
Literary Analysis
Blog Article
Business Report
Motivation Letter for the University of East Anglia

Diseases and Injuries
Family Health
Weight Management

What are the benefits of healthy school lunches, how schools can help promote healthy eating, how does food in class affect children in school, nutritional needs by age group, what are the benefits of children eating snacks during school, the advantages & disadvantages of school canteens, smart snacks in school, advantages of school canteens, disadvantages of school canteens, talking to your child about making smart choices.

This author has been verfied for credibility and expertise

Once your child enters middle or high school, you may notice big changes in his lunch options. School canteens, commonly referred to as cafeterias in the United States, provide a range of food options from complete, nutritionally-balanced meals to a' la carte choices. Faced with an overwhelming array of choices, and with little nutrition knowledge to guide them, middle and high-school students often struggle making wise lunch choices. New federal requirements through the Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act provide nutrition standards for all foods sold at schools beyond the federally-reimbursed meal programs.

About 95 percent of public schools participate in the National School Lunch Program administered by the United States Department of Agriculture, which provides nutrition standards for meals served. Middle and high schools often sell a' la carte items, which in the past have included doughnuts, cookies, chips and ice cream. With the recent addition of the Smart Snacks in Schools rule as part of the Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act, all foods sold individually must meet set limits for calories, sodium, fat and sugar in addition to promoting whole-grains, fruits and vegetables. These foods must contain 10 percent or more of calcium, potassium, vitamin D or fiber.

About 95 percent of public schools participate in the National School Lunch Program administered by the United States Department of Agriculture, which provides nutrition standards for meals served.
With the recent addition of the Smart Snacks in Schools rule as part of the Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act, all foods sold individually must meet set limits for calories, sodium, fat and sugar in addition to promoting whole-grains, fruits and vegetables.

Convenience is one key advantage of canteens and cafeterias. Students do not need to leave the school for their lunches, which allows more time for eating and means that parents do not need to rush to pack a lunch in the morning. Improving a student's overall nutritional health is another benefit. Schools that participate in the National School Lunch program are required to provide a complete and balanced lunch for students 1 . According to the Food Research and Action Center, about 70 percent of students receive free or reduced-cost meals daily 1 . Ensuring a student's nutritional needs are met improves behavior, school performance and cognitive development.

Convenience is one key advantage of canteens and cafeterias.
Students do not need to leave the school for their lunches, which allows more time for eating and means that parents do not need to rush to pack a lunch in the morning.

Too many food options can lead to poor food choices for students who may be overwhelmed with their new freedom to choose what they eat for lunch. Parents may be the ones putting money on their students' lunch cards, but they often know little about the foods their children select. If your child selects a' la carte items instead of the complete meal, she may not be selecting a variety of foods that provide a balanced meal. She may not even select enough food for lunch if she's grabbing an item or two quickly so that she can have time to socialize with friends.

Too many food options can lead to poor food choices for students who may be overwhelmed with their new freedom to choose what they eat for lunch.
Parents may be the ones putting money on their students' lunch cards, but they often know little about the foods their children select.

You are more likely to help your child make wise choices if you highlight the benefits of eating healthfully. Puberty contributes to increased appetites; however, if your child is not physically active poor food choices can lead to unwanted weight gain. New regulations for school canteens and cafeterias eliminate many of the junk foods previously found in schools; however, you may still share your nutrition expectations and goals with your child.

You are more likely to help your child make wise choices if you highlight the benefits of eating healthfully.
New regulations for school canteens and cafeterias eliminate many of the junk foods previously found in schools; however, you may still share your nutrition expectations and goals with your child.

What Are the Benefits of Healthy School Lunches?

How to Get My 6-Year-Old to Lose Weight

Does Playing Sports Help Improve Grades?

Adult Fat Camps in New Jersey

Things to Do for Underprivileged Kids

Factors Affecting a Person's Diet

Food Research and Action Center Facts: National School Lunch Program

Based in Colorado, Stephanie M. Beaudette has been a registered dietitian/nutritionist for over 18 years providing nutrition education and training to healthcare providers and the public. She received her Master of Education in nutrition sciences from the University of Cincinnati. Beaudette has extensive experience in prenatal nutrition, women's health, weight management and promoting overall health and wellness.

Home — Essay Samples — Geography & Travel — Travel and Tourism Industry — The History of Moscow City

The History of Moscow City

Categories: Russia Travel and Tourism Industry

About this sample

Words: 614 |

Published: Feb 12, 2019

Words: 614 | Page: 1 | 4 min read

Cite this Essay

Let us write you an essay from scratch

450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours

Get high-quality help

Prof. Kifaru

Verified writer

Expert in: Geography & Travel

+ 120 experts online

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

Related Essays

13 pages / 6011 words

1 pages / 657 words

3 pages / 1208 words

6 pages / 3010 words

Remember! This is just a sample.

You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers.

121 writers online

Still can’t find what you need?

Browse our vast selection of original essay samples, each expertly formatted and styled

Related Essays on Travel and Tourism Industry

Traveling is one of the most enriching experiences one can have. It exposes you to new cultures, customs, and ways of thinking. However, it can also be challenging and unpredictable, making it a true adventure. As a college [...]

Exploring foreign lands has always been a fascinating aspect of human curiosity. It is a desire to discover new cultures, traditions, and landscapes that are different from one's own. The experience of traveling to foreign lands [...]

Travelling is a topic that has been debated for centuries, with some arguing that it is a waste of time and money, while others believe that it is an essential part of life. In this essay, I will argue that travelling is not [...]

Traveling is an enriching experience that allows individuals to explore new cultures, meet people from different backgrounds, and broaden their perspectives. In the summer of 2019, I had the opportunity to embark on an amazing [...]

When planning a business trip all aspects and decisions rely heavily on the budget set by the company for the trip. Once Sandfords have confirmed the location careful consideration should be used to choose the travel method and [...]

4Sex Tourism in ThailandAs we enter a new millenium the post-colonial nations in the world are still searching for ways to compete in an increasingly globalized, consumption driven economic environment. Many developing countries [...]

Get Your Personalized Essay in 3 Hours or Less!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

Instructions Followed To The Letter
Deadlines Met At Every Stage
Unique And Plagiarism Free

2018 Primetime Emmy & James Beard Award Winner

A History of Moscow in 13 Dishes

Jun 06 2018.

War, hunger, and some of the world’s great doomed social experiments all changed the way that Moscow eats.

Moscow, the European metropolis on Asia’s western flank, has always been a canvas for competing cultures. Its cuisine is no different. The ancient baselines of winter grains, root vegetables, and cabbage acquired scaffolding from both directions: eastern horsemen brought meat on sticks, western craftsmen brought pastries, and courtly French chefs came and drowned it all in cream.

History has a place on the plate here, as well: war, hunger, and some of the world’s great doomed social experiments from Serfdom to Communism to Bandit Capitalism all changed the way that Moscow eats. So in the spirit of all of those grand failures, we—a Russian chef and an American writer—will attempt here to reduce the towering history of this unknowable city to 13 dishes, with some Imperial past but a special emphasis on the more recent decades of culinary paroxysms as Moscow emerged from its Soviet slumber.

Olivier Salad

To visualize the long marriage between French and Russian cuisines, picture Peter the Great, on a diplomatic sojourn to Paris in 1717, a “ stranger to etiquette ”, meeting the 7-year-old boy-king Louis XV and lifting him in the air out of sheer elán. These things were simply not done, and yet, there they were. Peter’s joyful (and often envious) fascination with all things French took hold, among other places, in the kitchen. He brought French chefs back to his palaces, and then the lesser nobility followed suit, and when the first restaurants emerged in Moscow, they also spoke French. The Hermitage Restaurant, which was open from 1864 until history intervened in 1917, had a Francophone Belgian named Lucien Olivier as a chef, and he made a salad that was a perfectly unrestrained combination of French flavors and Russian ingredients: grouse! Veal tongue! Proto-mayonnaise! The ingredients now tend toward the pedestrian—boiled beef, dill pickles, various vegetables all bound with mayonnaise—and it has become a staple of Russian cuisine, especially on New Year’s. And yes, if you’ve ever seen the lonely Ensalada Rusa wilting behind the sneezeguard of a Spanish tapas bar, that is supposed to be a successor to the Olivier. But in Moscow, you should eat Matryoshka ’s version, which is not the original recipe but has some of that imperial richness: crayfish, quail, sturgeon caviar, and remoulade, all under a translucent aspic skirt, for 990₽ ($16).

There’s a type of expression around bottling things—bottled lightning, summer in a jar, etc.—that feels very apt here. What exactly is bottled with vareniye (jam)? A lot more than just fruit. These jams, which tend to be thinner than western varieties—with whole berries or fruit chunks in syrup—are bottled with a lot of Russian identity. There’s the Russian love of countryside. Deep dacha culture of summer cottages and personal orchards. Traditional naturopathy (raspberry vareniye taken with tea will fight fever). And above all, friendship is bottled here— vareniye made from the overabundance of fruit at one’s dacha is the most typical Russian gift, real sharing from real nature, even in the often-cynical heart of Europe’s largest megacity. Visitors who are short on lifelong friendships in Moscow can pick some up fine vareniye at any Lavka Lavka shop (we recommend the delicate young pine cone jam) or, curiously enough, at many Armenian stores.

Borodinsky Bread

The clinical-sounding title of Lev Auerman’s 1935 classic Tekhnologiya Khlebopecheniya ( Bread Baking Technology) doesn’t promise scintillation. But Auerman’s recipe for rye bread changed Russian bread forever. An older legend had it that the bread was baked dark for mourning by a woman widowed in the battle of Borodino in 1812, but the real birth of the bread came from Auerman’s recipes. A modification on sweet, malted Baltic breads, Auerman’s Borodinsky bread was 100% rye and used caraway or anise. The recipe has evolved a bit—today it is 80% rye and 20% wheat high extraction flour and leans more on coriander than caraway. But its flavor profile (sweet, chewy) as well as its characteristic L7 mold —a deep brick of bread—has made it easily identifiable as the traditional, ubiquitous, every-occasion bread of Moscow. You can buy it everywhere, but the Azbuka Vkusa high-end markets have a reliably good sliced version.

Buckwheat Grechka

Look closely at those Russians who have followed their money to live in London, or are vacationing in Cyprus or Antalya. See the slight melancholy that not even cappuccinos or sunshine can erase. It’s not because Russians are gloomy by nature; it’s probably because there is no real grechka outside of Russia and Ukraine, and that is devastating. Buckwheat grain and groats— grechka (or grecha in Saint Petersburg)—are deep in the culture. It’s a wartime memory: May 9 Victory Day celebrations feature military kitchens serving buckwheat like they did at the front. It’s a little slice of Russian history that lies somewhere between oatmeal and couscous. In Moscow, eat it at Dr. Zhivago with milk (180₽/US$2.90) or mushrooms (590₽/US$9.50), and rejoice.

Mimoza Salad

This fantastically expressive egg-and-canned-fish salad is a testament to Soviet ingenuity—it’s the ultimate puzzle to make a drastically limited food chain sparkle—and the universal human thrill of layering foods. The geological creation starts with a base layer of fish, then layers of grated cooked potato, mayonnaise, shredded cheese, grated carrots, sweet onion, diced egg whites and then capped with a brilliant yellow crumble of boiled egg yolk. It sits there on the plate, dazzling like the flowering mimosa tree it is named after. The taste? Well, it’s comfort food. Pick some up to go at any Karavaev Brothers location —the excellent deli chain sells it for 650₽ (US$10.40) a kilo.

It seems odd, almost impossible, to imagine a time in Russia before shashlik. It’s meat on a stick, something that all humans should have had on the menu since at least the time of Prometheus. But shashlik as we know it know—cubes of marinated meat cooked with vegetables over a mangal grill—didn’t really take off in Russia until the early 1900s. And due to a lack of suitable meat in much of the Soviet era (there were no meat cattle herds, only dairy), we’re starting the clock on shashlik in the late Soviet period. Despite its relatively recent (re)appearance, it is now the ubiquitous grill phenomenon of Russia, a welcome ritual of summer.

Much of Russian cuisine has borrowed heavily from Central Asia and further east over the millennia ( pelmeni anyone?), but plov is a striking example of an entire eastern dish making its way directly into Russian households. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and upheaval in many Central Asian Soviet Republics, mass economic migration to Moscow took off in the late 80s and early 90s. Central Asians today are the lifeblood of the Moscow labor force (part of up to 10-12 million Central Asian migrants living in Russia), and plov—rice steamed in stock with meat and vegetables—has jumped from the migrant communities to the homes of Muscovites everywhere. It has developed an unfortunate reputation for being a food that even finicky kids will eat, so there is a lot of harried domestic plov being made. But you can get a fully expressed Uzbek version at Danilovsky Market, online at plov.com , or at Food City—the surf-and-turf Tsukiji of Moscow.

The Big Mac

So many of the difficulties in American-Russian relations come down to one foundational attitude problem: The Americans (that’s half of this writing duo) were incredibly, distressingly smug through the entire fall of the Soviet Union. We mistook Soviet failure for an American victory, and that made all the difference. What does that have to do with a Big Mac? Well, when Russia’s first McDonald’s opened on Pushkinskaya in 1990 and 5000 people turned out to wait in line for the first taste of America, we back home in the states mistook it for culinary and commercial superiority. But there was something more complicated happening: Russians had been denied Western goods for so long and with such force that any outside identity was much-needed oxygen. And the long-term victory, as McDonald’s has continued to thrive in post-Soviet Russia, really belongs to the local franchise, which used higher-quality ingredients than in the U.S. and created a chain that was successful not because of its American identity but because of its Russian modifications. We wouldn’t recommend eating at any McDonald’s, especially not when there is Teremok for your fast-food needs, but having a soda in the original location is one way to sit and ponder the sin of hubris. And to use the free toilet and Wi-Fi.

The crown jewel of Levantine meat preparations, perhaps the single greatest street meat in the world: Shawarma. It first came to Moscow with a shawarma joint across from the Passazh mall, opened in the early 90s by Syrian cooks who dazzled masses with their sizzling, spinning, spiced meat emporium. Lines that stretched into the hundreds of people weren’t uncommon in those heady early days. And even though the original spot closed many years ago, Moscow shawarma only grew from there, mutating into the beast it is today, where you’re likely to find chicken, cabbage, mayo and a thin tomato sauce all combining to make the Levant a distant memory.

Fish Tartare aka Sashimi

One result of the aforementioned American smugness is that the West seemed surprised at how rapidly 1990s Russia assimilated some of the most hardcore capitalist traits, including but not limited to conspicuous consumerism. Moscow’s new elite was very, very good at that. What could be more conspicuous that recreating a restrained, exclusive seafood cuisine from Japan in the chaotic, landlocked megacity of Moscow? The very improbability of high-end sushi and sashimi in Moscow fueled much of its allure, and even though the trends have moved on from sushi, you can still tell the emotional attachment that the oligarch class has to those formative wastes of money. Sumosan restaurant started in Moscow back in 1997 and has since expanded to Monte Carlo and Londongrad , where they serve a dish that they call Fish Tartare, among others, in their restaurants and through their private jet catering service.

Blue Cheese roll

If the early elite sushi restaurants in Moscow were the frivolous edge of a food phenomenon, then Yakitoriya , a chain which started in the late 1990s, democratized it with affordable sushi rolls geared to local tastes. The Blue Cheese Roll, available now on their menu, seems like the apex (or nadir) of the Russianized roll: salmon, smoked eel, cucumber, cream cheese, Blue Cheese sauce. It might not be Jiro’s dream, but a true Russian middle class, one that can work honestly, earn meaningful salaries, and have a freaky sushi roll at the end of the week just like the rest of us—that’s something worthing dreaming for. Blue Cheese Roll, Yakitoriya, 417₽ (US$6.70)

If you’re American, have you ever wondered why tacos took over middle America but sopes remain virtually unknown? It’s curious how a country can assimilate some foods from their neighbors and but remain blissfully ignorant of others. That may explain what took place two years ago in Moscow, when the city seemingly discovered, as if for the first time, the bagged awesomeness that is khinkali , a soup dumpling from Russia’s southern neighbor Georgia. It became very trendy very quickly, and khinkali joints sprouted across Moscow like griby after a rain. But it wasn’t just that dish: what they were serving was a bit of the imagined southern, sybaritic lifestyle of the Caucasus, as promised in restaurant names like Est’ Khinkali Pit Vino ( Eat Khinkali Drink Wine ). Your best bets are at the stately Sakhli , around 100₽ (US$1.60) per soft, fulsome dumpling, or the more modernized Kafe Khinkalnaya on Neglinnaya Street , 100₽ (US$0.80) a dumpling.

We have named burrata—yes, that Italian alchemy of cheese and cream—the Perfect Dish of Moscow 2018, if only because it is the Dish of the Moment, ready to be enjoyed at the height of its faddishness now, and equally ready to be replaced when the city decides to move on. Read Anna Maslovskaya’s masterful breakdown of why—and where—to eat burrata in Moscow.

Top image: Olivier salad with chicken. Photo by: Kvector /Shutterstock

R&K Insider

Join our newsletter to get exclusives on where our correspondents travel, what they eat, where they stay. Free to sign up.

The Perfect Dish: The Moscow Burrata

Featured city guides.

Share full article

Supported by

Pope’s Visit to Art Exhibition in Prison Is a First for Venice Biennale

Incarcerated women serve as guides to the show, which reflects Pope Francis’ longtime commitment to society’s marginalized people.

Pope Francis sits in the courtyard of a building, with several others sitting on green benches.

By Elisabetta Povoledo

Reporting from Venice and Vatican City

Landing by helicopter at a women’s prison where the Vatican has mounted its pavilion for the Venice Biennale international art exhibition, Pope Francis on Sunday told the women incarcerated there that they had a “special place in my heart.”

“Grazie,” one woman called out. Others applauded.

Many of the women had participated with artists in creating works that hang throughout the prison for the exhibition, titled “With My Eyes.” Francis, the first pope ever to visit — if briefly — a Venice Biennale, said that it was “fundamental” for the prison system “to offer detainees the tools and room for human, spiritual, cultural and professional growth, creating the conditions for their healthy reintegration.”

“Not to isolate dignity, but to give new possibilities,” Francis said to applause.

Over the decades, countries participating in the Biennale — the world’s principal showcase for new art — have used deconsecrated churches, former beer factories, water buses and various other sites to display their art, but this was the first time a prison was selected.

That made the project “more complex and more difficult to implement,” Bruno Racine, the director of two venues of the Pinault Collection in Venice and a co-curator of the Vatican Pavilion, said in an interview. But the setting is consistent with Francis’ message of inclusivity toward marginalized people, he added.

The Vatican project has received an overwhelmingly positive public reception, but it has not been without controversy. Some critics raised ethical concerns about the intersection of powerful institutions like the Vatican and the Biennale with the limited autonomy of imprisoned women. Others suggested that the Vatican, in mounting the show, was complicit in a penal system in which overcrowding remains a serious issue .

Still others demanded that the pope request pardons or at least reduced sentences for any women who were incarcerated because they had responded violently to domestic abuse.

“I don’t think the Vatican has the power to have any influence over Italian justice,” Mr. Racine said of that idea.

While the Vatican has not publicly responded to the critiques, Francis has been consistently outspoken about domestic abuse, saying in 2021 that there was something “almost satanic” about the high number of cases of domestic violence against women.

He has also been a vocal advocate of prison reform, denouncing overcrowding and often meeting with inmates during his travels.

On Sunday, Francis said that prison was “a harsh reality, and problems such as overcrowding, the lack of facilities and resources, and episodes of violence give rise to a great deal of suffering there.” But he said prison could also be a place where people’s dignity could be “promoted through mutual respect and the nurturing of talents and abilities, perhaps dormant or imprisoned by the vicissitudes of life.”

The pope described his artistic vision to artists he called to the Sistine Chapel last year , telling them to “think of the poor and to ensure that art went into the peripheries,” the Vatican’s culture chief, Cardinal José Tolentino de Mendonça, said earlier this year. On Sunday, Francis told artists involved with the Vatican project that “the world needs artists.”

The curators, Mr. Racine and Chiara Parisi, of Centre Pompidou-Metz, the French museum, selected a handful of artists to work with the incarcerated women to create works that are scattered through the prison.

One, a 1965 serigraph featuring the word Hope backward, was hung over the door of the prison canteen, where about a quarter of the 80-odd inmates who agreed to serve as guides to the show first meet visitors. The serigraph was created by the artist Corita Kent, a former nun and an activist for social justice who died in 1986.

The Lebanese artist Simone Fattal transcribed poems and reflections by the incarcerated women on lava slabs that line a brick corridor: “I thought I was suffocating.” “I often think of my family.” “I am so sad.”

In another room were small stylized paintings by the French artist Claire Tabouret that were based on family photos the women had given her.

Visitors get only a brief glimpse of penitentiary life, but during the tour a short film, directed by Marco Perego and starring his wife, the actor Zoe Saldaña, shows the conditions inside in bleak black and white: shared rooms, shared showers, little privacy. Both inmates and professional actresses acted in the film, Mr. Racine said.

This is the third time the Vatican has participated in the Biennale: In 2013 and 2015, it was among many participants at the Arsenale, one of the fair’s main venues. And for the 2018 Architecture Biennale, the Vatican built a series of chapels, “for believers and nonbelievers alike,” that can still be visited .

On Sunday, the pope greeted the inmates of the Giudecca prison individually in an inner courtyard. Some gave him flowers, and others pressed envelopes and notes into his hands.

Giovanni Russo, the head of the Department of Penitentiary Administration in the Italian Ministry of Justice, told reporters at a Vatican news conference last month that the women who participated in the project were entitled to unspecified benefits. While the Vatican Pavilion was unique, he said, nearly all of Italy’s 190 penitentiaries had “artistic projects” of some kind or another, involving more than 20,000 volunteers.

It’s not the first time that the inmates at the prison have participated in major art projects. Two years ago, the French artist Pauline Curnier Jardin worked with inmates to make a film and paint a large common room where the women meet visitors twice a week. The walls are now a soft purple, decorated with stylized leaves and figures designed by the inmates during a series of workshops with the artist.

After the Biennale closes in November, the artworks in “With My Eyes” will be removed, Mr. Racine said. But Ms. Curnier Jardin’s soothing additions will remain.

After the prison, Pope Francis celebrated Mass in St. Mark’s Square.

Praising Venice’s “enchanting beauty” during the homily, he added that the city was also threatened by issues like climate change, overtourism and the “the fragility of constructions, of cultural heritage, but also of people,” which risk fraying the city’s social fabric. City officials this past week began charging an access fee to the city, hoping to deter day visitors from coming on especially busy days.

Many tourists hoping to visit St. Mark’s Square on Sunday were stymied by dozens of blockades around the area, part of the increased security for the pontiff’s visit.

“I’m not upset,” Julia Suh, visiting from Augusta, Ga., said at one of the blockades while watching the Mass on her cellphone. “I’m very honored — it’s what they’re supposed to do because of heightened security.”

Elisabetta Povoledo is a reporter based in Rome, covering Italy, the Vatican and the culture of the region. She has been a journalist for 35 years. More about Elisabetta Povoledo

IMAGES

Write an Essay on Our School Canteen in English || Essay writing
(DOC) The school canteen is a great place to promote an enjoyment of
Essay on Our School Canteen
Essay on my university canteen
Essay On My School Canteen
Short Essay on Our School Canteen

VIDEO

Class 10th Essay Our School Canteen Essay in English
Chinese canteen food!
Our School Canteen Essay
Cai Qing 2009 School Canteen
When I was a child, the first thing I did after school was to rush into the canteen
The School Canteen Essay in English//Essay writing

COMMENTS

Essay on Our School Canteen
The Our School Canteen essay 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 words in English helps the students with their class assignments, comprehension tasks, and even for competitive examinations. You can also find more Essay Writing articles on events, persons, sports, technology and many more.
Essay On My School Canteen
Essay On My School Canteen. The canteen in my school provides students, teachers and other staff with delicious food and drink in hygienic condition. I know that instead of buying things from roadside sellers, it is safe to eat canteen food. Roadside food can spoil our health. I am lucky to have such a good canteen in my school.
Report About The School Canteen
Report about the School Canteen - model essay - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Essay
Essay on School canteen
Essay - School canteen. School Canteen is a very favourite place of all students. The school canteen doesn't only provide food to the students but also wonderful memories. The school I have been studying had a very small canteen selling only packaged foods for munching such as chips, cakes, biscuits etc. It was a small space comprising of 3 ...
What Do Secondary Schools Need to Create Healthier Canteens? The
A school canteen offers food and drinks at school via a tuck shop, a cafeteria, vending machines, or combinations and many students purchase drinks, snacks and meals during their school day at this canteen. ... Conclusions. This study illustrates the application of a stepwise systematic method for the development of an implementation plan. This ...
The Importance of a Well-Equipped Canteen for Students Nourishment
Essay, Pages 20 (4931 words) Views. 29243. Canteen is a place where you can eat and energized yourself. Canteen gives a service that worth for what students paid. A canteen must have complete facilities and good personalities of the staff. All canteens have the responsibility to its costumer safe good.
Assessing Student Satisfaction with Campus Canteen Services: A
A canteen serves as a venue for the serving and consumption of food, where a diverse range of snacks and beverages are available for purchase. This purpose of the study was to examine student ...
School Canteen
Accordingly, guidance on proper food consumption at school and creating an environment to obtain healthy foods is essential. The school canteen has to play a major role in this task. The likes and dislikes of children as well as physiological needs have to be matched. Children are the precious assets in a school and in order to protect their ...
English essay on our School Canteen for students & children
Our school canteen is very well equipped. One can buy almost every kind of snack there, like samosas, chips, sandwiches, sweet, cakes etc. They are prepared in very hygienic surroundings by our school cook, and tables to sit on and eat, and ovens to keep the food warm. There is also a soda fountain which is Very popular among the older students.
English Essay on "Our School Canteen" English Essay-Paragraph-Speech
Our School Canteen . Our school canteen is situated at the far end of the corridor on the first floor of the building. It has a window through which the eatables are supplied. The canteen is run by a contractor. The students are required to buy coupons against money at the gate of the canteen.
(PDF) The role of school canteens in building more ...
tables in school canteens or help them better understand the bene ts of intro- ... 5.4 Conclusion and prospects. 5.4.1 Learnings to improve the implementation of the Urbal approach.
How the quality of school lunch affects students ...
We find that in years when a school contracts with a healthy lunch company, students at the school score better on end-of-year academic tests. On average, student test scores are 0.03 to 0.04 ...
Essay on "The Scene at A School Canteen" for School, College Students
The Scene at A School Canteen. Essay No. 01. The school canteen is the busiest corner during the recess period. As soon-as the bell rings the students rush to the Canteen. The school hums with life and activity. The senior students are cleverer than others. They take their turn before the junior students. The younger students lag behind.
Assessment of Food Quality in School Canteens: A Comparative
All food and beverage items sold in school canteens were classified into 10 main food groups (vegetables, fruits, grains and cereal products, eggs, nuts and legumes, ... Conclusions. These findings indicate that, despite the Guidelines, a large number of unhealthy food items are being sold in school canteens. Hence, interventions, such as ...
(PDF) Reducing food waste at school canteens: The behaviour of school
students (59%), and teachers (85%) have the intention to generate food waste. One of the canteen. managers (key informants) stated that the canteen food's low price has also influenced the school ...
School Canteens
According to GAO's research findings, there school canteens had been serving the school children with unhealthy foods. The research established that 99% high schools, 97% middle schools and 83% elementary schools were equipped with vending machines that helped in the distribution of junk food.
The Advantages & Disadvantages of School Canteens
According to the Food Research and Action Center, about 70 percent of students receive free or reduced-cost meals daily 1. Ensuring a student's nutritional needs are met improves behavior, school performance and cognitive development. Convenience is one key advantage of canteens and cafeterias. Students do not need to leave the school for their ...
Moscow city
2. Feature Moscow City is one of the world's largest cities. It has got beautiful old buildings, green parks, museums and an exciting nightlife. It's a great place to visit. 3. Houses Many people live in block of flats. Others live in beautiful house near the city. night Moscow. 4.
(PDF) CANTEEN SERVICE QUALITY AND STUDENT SATISFACTION
the canteen staffs have the ability to inspire students. The. overall mean rating is (3.25) which mean that the level of. canteen servi ce quality in terms of assurance is modera tely ...
The History of Moscow City: [Essay Example], 614 words
The History of Moscow City. Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia as well as the. It is also the 4th largest city in the world, and is the first in size among all European cities. Moscow was founded in 1147 by Yuri Dolgoruki, a prince of the region. The town lay on important land and water trade routes, and it grew and prospered.
STAT readers respond to essays on free med school tuition, more- STAT
Most countries have med school education begin right after high school and last five years. America requires an undergrad degree first. This is 4 + 3 years for a medical degree.
13 dishes that explain the story of modern Moscow
The clinical-sounding title of Lev Auerman's 1935 classic Tekhnologiya Khlebopecheniya (Bread Baking Technology) doesn't promise scintillation. But Auerman's recipe for rye bread changed Russian bread forever. An older legend had it that the bread was baked dark for mourning by a woman widowed in the battle of Borodino in 1812, but the real birth of the bread came from Auerman's recipes.
(PDF) Canteen Service Quality And Student Satisfaction
moderately satisfactory. 2. The level of student satisfaction in the school canteen. of Mintal Comprehensive High School is 3.21 or. moderately satisfied. 3. There was a significant relationship ...
No Passports Required to Use Public Wi-Fi, Moscow City Hall Says
Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree Friday instructing public Wi-Fi network operators to require user identification — but only in certain spots.
Pope's Visit to Art Exhibition in Prison Is a First for Venice Biennale
One, a 1965 serigraph featuring the word Hope backward, was hung over the door of the prison canteen, where about a quarter of the 80-odd inmates who agreed to serve as guides to the show first ...