the night wanderer essay

Book review: The Night Wanderer: A Native Gothic Novel

Aimed at a youth reader, Drew Hayden Taylor’s gothic novel, The Night Wanderer , is truly a marvellous read for anyone interested in a new Dracula’esque story.  Yet, this novel is not simply a copy or homage to Bram Stoker. The Night Wanderer It is an Indigenization of the gothic novel with power and flair of its own – it is Taylor-Gothic.

In the vein of gothic novels, Taylor’s work holds an ominous foreboding presence always just out of reach for the characters and reader. By centring the story on a fictional reserve somewhere in southern Ontario, however, Taylor includes a sense of longing for the past, a desire to be in the present, and a need to engage in the future for all the characters. His depictions of the community and its people creates a vivid picture and a mind statement of “Hey, I think I know that place.”

The story follows both Pierre L’Errant (also known as Owl) and his return to Otter Lake, as well as Tiffany Hunter’s trials and tribulations as a teen growing up.  Tiffany’s family, consisting of her Nokomis and father, rents a room to the mysterious L’Errant who explores the Otter Lake reserve at night. Both L’Errant and Tiffany are connected through a desire to experience more than the community can offer – simply, a desire to see and experience the world.

Through the story, we meet some of the community as well as learn that relations with the nearby settler community and cottagers are broken. The broken relations affect Tiffany and her family directly through her mom ‘running off’ with a white man. Tiffany is further affected through her relationship with a white boy. The conflicts between father and daughter, which the grandmother tries to mediate, eventually draw in their boarder L’Errant.  The grandmother, and eventually Tiffany, twig to the notion that there is more to L’Errant than meets the eye. Eventually, L’Errant and Tiffany learn from and teach one another.

Overall, this is a fun read that contains lessons on loss, growing up, adventure, strength, the resilience of the human spirit, among other things. Like all good Anishinaabeg stories, these lessons are not preachy nor in-your-face; the lessons are yours to see or ignore as you read. I recommend that anyone interested in reading The Night Wanderer do so while sitting by a fire or beneath an old magnificent tree next to a shoreline so you can take in not only the text but the visuals, smells, and sounds of the living land.

Drew Hayden Taylor, The Night Wanderer: A Native Gothic Novel .  Toronto: Annick Press, 2007. ISBN:‎ 978-1554510993

• ADMIN AREA MY BOOKSHELF MY DASHBOARD MY PROFILE SIGN OUT SIGN IN

THE NIGHT WANDERER

A graphic novel.

by Drew Hayden Taylor ; illustrated by Michael Wyatt ; adapted by Alison Kooistra ‧ RELEASE DATE: Dec. 1, 2013

An intriguing mix of vampires and Native lore with a whisper of Gothic charm, ultimately bogged down by a cramped...

A troubled young girl and an old vampire cross paths in a graphic-format adaption of a 2007 novel by the same name.

Sixteen-year-old Tiffany lives in Otter Lake, Toronto, an Anishinaabe reserve, with her father and paternal grandmother. With times being tough, her father decides to take in a boarder. Brimming with teenage angst, Tiffany isn’t thrilled with the situation. In fact, she’s not thrilled with her life in general: Her mother abandoned her to start a new life, and she’s pretty sure her boyfriend, Tony, is cheating on her. Enter the shadowy and mysterious boarder, Pierre L’Errant, who’s returning to Otter Lake to settle unfinished business and unexpectedly helps Tiffany toward an important realization. L’Errant and Tiffany’s relationship is refreshing: They are not romantically involved, and he, thankfully, doesn’t sparkle. Taylor’s story is engaging in its mixing of diverse elements, especially his synthesis of the tales of the Anishinaabe with vampire legend. However, the lackluster black-and-white art (with bursts of emphatic red spattered about) doesn’t add anything to a narrative that already feels rushed. Readers may feel as though they’ve just seen a filmed adaptation of a book that had to scramble to cram in the best parts.

Pub Date: Dec. 1, 2013

ISBN: 978-1-55451-573-8

Page Count: 112

Publisher: Annick Press

Review Posted Online: Nov. 1, 2013

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Nov. 15, 2013

TEENS & YOUNG ADULT SCIENCE FICTION & FANTASY | TEENS & YOUNG ADULT PARANORMAL & SUPERNATURAL | GENERAL GRAPHIC NOVELS & COMICS

Share your opinion of this book

From the Powerless Trilogy series , Vol. 1

by Lauren Roberts ‧ RELEASE DATE: Nov. 7, 2023

A lackluster and sometimes disturbing mishmash of overused tropes.

The Plague has left a population divided between Elites and Ordinaries—those who have powers and those who don’t; now, an Ordinary teen fights for her life.

Paedyn Gray witnessed the king kill her father five years ago, and she’s been thieving and sleeping rough ever since, all while faking Psychic abilities. When she inadvertently saves the life of Prince Kai, she becomes embroiled in the Purging Trials, a competition to commemorate the sickness that killed most of the kingdom’s Ordinaries. Kai’s duties as the future Enforcer include eradicating any remaining Ordinaries, and these Trials are his chance to prove that he’s internalized his brutal training. But Kai can’t help but find Pae’s blue eyes, silver hair, and unabashed attitude enchanting. She likewise struggles to resist his stormy gray eyes, dark hair, and rakish behavior, even as they’re pitted against each other in the Trials and by the king himself. Scenes and concepts that are strongly reminiscent of the Hunger Games fall flat: They aren’t bolstered by the original’s heart or worldbuilding logic that would have justified a few extreme story elements. Illogical leaps and inconsistent characterizations abound, with lighthearted romantic interludes juxtaposed against genocide, child abuse, and sadism. These elements, which are not sufficiently addressed, combined with the use of ableist language, cannot be erased by any amount of romantic banter. Main characters are cued white; the supporting cast has some brown-skinned characters.

Pub Date: Nov. 7, 2023

ISBN: 9798987380406

Page Count: 538

Publisher: Simon & Schuster

Review Posted Online: Sept. 9, 2023

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Oct. 1, 2023

TEENS & YOUNG ADULT SCIENCE FICTION & FANTASY | TEENS & YOUNG ADULT ROMANCE

Awards & Accolades

Our Verdict

New York Times Bestseller

DIVINE RIVALS

by Rebecca Ross ‧ RELEASE DATE: April 4, 2023

Ideal for readers seeking perspectives on war, with a heavy dash of romance and touch of fantasy.

A war between gods plays havoc with mortals and their everyday lives.

In a time of typewriters and steam engines, Iris Winnow awaits word from her older brother, who has enlisted on the side of Enva the Skyward goddess. Alcohol abuse led to her mother’s losing her job, and Iris has dropped out of school and found work utilizing her writing skills at the Oath Gazette . Hiding the stress of her home issues behind a brave face, Iris competes for valuable assignments that may one day earn her the coveted columnist position. Her rival for the job is handsome and wealthy Roman Kitt, whose prose entrances her so much she avoids reading his articles. At home, she writes cathartic letters to her brother, never posting them but instead placing them in her wardrobe, where they vanish overnight. One day Iris receives a reply, which, along with other events, pushes her to make dramatic life decisions. Magic plays a quiet role in this story, and readers may for a time forget there is anything supernatural going on. This is more of a wartime tale of broken families, inspired youths, and higher powers using people as pawns. It flirts with clichéd tropes but also takes some startling turns. Main characters are assumed White; same-sex marriages and gender equality at the warfront appear to be the norm in this world.

Pub Date: April 4, 2023

ISBN: 978-1-250-85743-9

Page Count: 368

Publisher: Wednesday Books

Review Posted Online: Jan. 11, 2023

Kirkus Reviews Issue: Feb. 1, 2023

TEENS & YOUNG ADULT SCIENCE FICTION & FANTASY | TEENS & YOUNG ADULT FAMILY

More by Rebecca Ross

BOOK REVIEW

by Rebecca Ross

More About This Book

• Discover Books Fiction Thriller & Suspense Mystery & Detective Romance Science Fiction & Fantasy Nonfiction Biography & Memoir Teens & Young Adult Children's
• News & Features Bestsellers Book Lists Profiles Perspectives Awards Seen & Heard Book to Screen Kirkus TV videos In the News
• Kirkus Prize Winners & Finalists About the Kirkus Prize Kirkus Prize Judges
• Magazine Current Issue All Issues Manage My Subscription Subscribe
• Writers’ Center Hire a Professional Book Editor Get Your Book Reviewed Advertise Your Book Launch a Pro Connect Author Page Learn About The Book Industry
• More Kirkus Diversity Collections Kirkus Pro Connect My Account/Login
• About Kirkus History Our Team Contest FAQ Press Center Info For Publishers
• Privacy Policy
• Terms & Conditions
• Reprints, Permission & Excerpting Policy

© Copyright 2024 Kirkus Media LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Popular in this Genre

Hey there, book lover.

We’re glad you found a book that interests you!

Please select an existing bookshelf

Create a new bookshelf.

We can’t wait for you to join Kirkus!

Please sign up to continue.

It’s free and takes less than 10 seconds!

Already have an account? Log in.

Trouble signing in? Retrieve credentials.

Almost there!

• Industry Professional

Welcome Back!

Sign in using your Kirkus account

Contact us: 1-800-316-9361 or email [email protected].

Don’t fret. We’ll find you.

Magazine Subscribers ( How to Find Your Reader Number )

If You’ve Purchased Author Services

Don’t have an account yet? Sign Up.

• Member Login

The Night Wanderer

Written by Alys Clare Review by Elizabeth Knowles

In this seventh Aelf Fen mystery, apprentice healer Lassair, an 11 th -century young woman from a Fen village, has just returned to Cambridge following a previous adventure. She is a student of Gurdyman, a beneficent magician who dislikes to be called a wizard. Soon a wealthy merchant is found murdered near the river, his throat ripped out as though by a huge, clawed animal. Evil seems to pervade the air as fear grips the town.

Gurdyman leaves the area, and Lassair and sheriff’s man Jack Chevestrier work together once again to solve the increasing numbers of gruesome murders that are terrorizing Cambridge. Even Aelf  Fen is not a safe haven from the evil scourge.

Clare’s fans will enjoy this gripping story that combines a mystery with horror, fantasy, and romance. As Lassair and Jack’s attraction for each other becomes stronger, her old love, Rollo Guiscard, returns from Constantinople and re-enters the picture. The wizard Hrype comes to a life-changing decision, urged to it by Gurdyman. The novel stands alone, but new readers will want to go back to the earlier titles to fill in the characters’ back stories.

APPEARED IN

REVIEW FORMAT

Share Book Reviews

Latest articles

Dive deeper into your favourite books, eras and themes:

Here are six of our latest Editor’s Choices:

The Night Wanderer by Drew Hayden Taylor

Posted by Amy on May 6, 2014 in Book Reviews , Ontario | 0 comments

Number of Pages: 215

Age Range: 17-18

Review: What I loved about this book was that even though I was reading about a centuries old vampire and a teenager, I felt like they were both teenagers. Like somehow Pierre’s true self had been caught and frozen in the moment he became a vampire, causing him to be a homesick teenager for the rest of his existence. And from that place, Pierre is able to connect with Tiffany across the centuries to impart his wisdom to her.

He shocks her into realizing she doesn’t have things that bad. He helps Tiffany understand that she has people who love her, and in helping her clarify the fact that she does indeed want to live, Pierre finds closure for himself. It’s a complete story of character growth, and Taylor is the master storyteller.

The best part though was that even though Tiffany was a self-obsessed, whinny teenager at times, I still cared about her. I wanted her to realize what she had, and when she did it was that much sweeter. I couldn’t write her off because Taylor wrote a character I was invested in from the start. The Night Wanderer is a great, philosophical story, and I’m glad I got the chance to read it.

Memorable Quotes:

“But like an uncomfortable recollection, he held it in place. It was like a scar – you noticed it, were aware of it, it held memories, but you could ignore it anytime you wanted.” – from The Night Wanderer by Drew Hayden Taylor, page 4

“‘That, my little granddaughter, is what God is about. Don’t let anybody tell you God is a man, or a person, or lives somewhere high above. God is a feeling. God is the world around you. God is life. I don’t know much, but that I do know.'” – Granny Ruth from The Night Wanderer by Drew Hayden Taylor, page 110

“On the positive side, it could be a rabid bear. Or a hungry pack of wolves. Or maybe it was a pizza delivery man who psychically knew she desperately needed a mushroom, onion, and pepperoni pizza. Hopefully with some garlic bread and a diet Coke.” – from The Night Wanderer by Drew Hayden Taylor, page 176

“This girl knew nothing about anything, and he was prepared to tell her so. ‘You know nothing. You are a young, self-obsessed girl who does not care about those around her. There are a hundred million more terrible and horrible things happening in this world than are happening to you. Circumstances and creatures out there that make your problems so insignificant, it’s not worth the calories to speak of them.’ He practically spit the words out. Silence followed. Tiffany, severely depressed only moments ago, was now seething. ‘Then just go back to the basement. Go back to Europe. Just go away. My life is my life and it ain’t no concern of yours. For some stupid reason, when God decided to create this stinking world, he made it in such an undependable and insane way that it screws us all up.’ ‘Such a petulant little child you are. I have not seen my family in longer than could imagine. I left them all behind so long ago, and I would give anything to see their faces one more time. So don’t whine to me. The world is far more complex than in your small, pathetic imagination. I have no time for it.'” – Conversation between Pierre and Tiffany from The Night Wanderer by Drew Hayden Taylor, pages 184-185

“Even though he had seen more death and pain than a thousand doctors, he was stunned at the sheer volumes. What little humanity was left in him cried out. Such waster. Such evil. Such stupidity. However, one solider was still alive. He was missing his leg below the knee and couldn’t last much longer. Pierre could see the blood slowly trickling out the open would and soaking the already saturated ground. The solider couldn’t have been much older than nineteen. He cried out to Pierre, in French. Appalled at the devastation, but still curious, Pierre knelt down beside the solider. Barely able to speak, the boy was asking for a priest. He knew he was going to die but wanted absolution – the last rites. He asked the man, who was dressed in black, if he was a priest. Not knowing what to say, Pierre merely nodded. Then the boy confessed his sins and the man marvelled at the pettiness of what mortals called sins. Afterward, spiritually satisfied, the boy complained of the pain and how he wished it would go away. So Pierre took the boy’s pain away. What was one more death in a field of death?” – from The Night Wanderer by Drew Hayden Taylor, pages 194-195

The Night Wanderer  by  Drew Hayden Taylor  is published by  Annick Press , (2007).

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Amy’s Book Reviews

Recent reviews.

• Lost Cause by John Wilson
• The Girl With a Baby by Sylvia Olsen
• Shadows Cast by Stars by Catherine Knutsson

Amy’s Blog

• CCBC Contest: Enter to Win 21 Books! | Canadian Children's Book Centre
• Marathon of Books Blog - January 17th, 2015
• Marathon of Books Blog - January 7th, 2015

Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress

The Night Wanderer

53 pages • 1 hour read

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Prologue-Chapter 6

Chapters 7-12

Chapters 13-18

Chapter 19-Epilogue

Character Analysis

Symbols & Motifs

Important Quotes

Essay Topics

Discussion Questions

“Somewhere, several thousand miles west, was a place he had once called home. It had birthed him. Nurtured him as a child and young man. But he had turned his back on it so long ago—angry at what the Fates had done to him. Ashamed at what he’d become.”

This passage immediately illuminates the internal struggle that Pierre experiences throughout the novel. Disconnection from one’s home is a major theme among all the characters, particularly when it is paired with a disastrous loss of agency. The language in this passage emphasizes the fact that Pierre did not choose to become a vampire; this transformation was “done to him,” and he never asked for the consequences and isolation that follow.

“The Welcome to the Otter Lake First Nations sign whizzed past them. Another fifteen minutes and she’d be home, nestled in her lower middle-class Aboriginal existence. Tiffany Hunter was band member 913, out of an estimated 1,100 or so.”

Citing Tiffany Hunter’s specific number in the band characterizes the subtle dehumanization that happens to her people on reserves; this also foreshadows the fact that she will come to think of herself as a nameless statistic. Tiffany’s disconnection from her own home starts with the system itself. Rather than being a person who lives there, she is a number from the very beginning. Additionally, by emphasizing that she is lower middle-class, this passage illuminates the financial disparity between her and Tony.

“Native mythology was full of dangerous and mysterious creatures—wendigos who were cannibal spirits that ate anything and everyone, spirits that took over a body and made people do crazy things, demon women with very sharp elbows and teeth in parts of the female body that weren’t supposed to have teeth. Tiffany occasionally thought of them when she and her friends played video games.”

Don't Miss Out!

Access Study Guide Now

Related Titles

By Drew Hayden Taylor

Motorcycles and Sweetgrass

Drew Hayden Taylor

Featured Collections

Canadian Literature

View Collection

Colonialism & Postcolonialism

Coming-of-Age Journeys

Indigenous People's Literature

Mortality & Death

School Book List Titles

The Night Wanderer: A Graphic Novel

A mesmerizing blend of vampire thriller and coming-of-age story—now available as a graphic novel.

Newcomers to the Otter Lake native reserve don’t go unnoticed for long. So it’s no surprise that 16-year-old Tiffany’s curiosity is piqued when her father rents out her room to a complete stranger.

But little do Tiffany, her father, or even her insightful Granny Ruth suspect the truth about their guest. The mysterious Pierre L’Errant has a dreadful secret. After centuries roaming Europe as a brooding vampire, he has returned home to reclaim his Native roots before facing the rising sun and certain death. Meanwhile, Tiffany is deeply troubled—she doubts her boyfriend is being faithful, has escalating disputes with her father, and her estranged mother is starting a new life with somebody else.

Fed up and heartsick, Tiffany threatens drastic measures and flees into the bush. There, in the midnight woods, a chilling encounter with L’Errant changes everything as Pierre introduces Tiffany to her proud Native heritage. For Pierre, though, destiny is fixed at sunrise.

• Author: Drew Hayden Taylor
• Publisher: Annick Press
• Format: Paperback , 104 pages
• ISBN-13: 9781554515738

Purchase From:

• Chapters/Indigo

Awards & Recognitions

• 2009 - Nominee for the Saskatchewan Young Readers’ Choice Award for The Night Wanderer
• 2007 - Nominated for the Rand McNally Best Aboriginal Book of the Year and Best Children’s Book for The Night Wanderer

“The Night Wanderer began as a play, was expanded into a novel, and was adapted into a graphic novel. Michael Wyatt’s illustrations for the graphic novel are rich in tone, and his spare use of the colour red lends an eerie hue to the character of L’Errant. While most of the book focuses on Tiffany and L’Errant, Taylor manages to inject a great deal of the Anishnaabe language and culture into the story. Suggested for ages 12 and older, several themes can be discussed in a novel study of  The Night Wanderer  – home and family, coming of age, Native lore, trust, race relations, suicide awareness and language, among others.”

“The Night Wanderer  by Drew Hayden Taylor is one of the more unique multicultural selections I have read. Taylor blends European vampire lore with modern Aboriginal culture to create a deliciously creepy tale.”

Explore Other Titles By Drew

The Baby Blues

Furious Observations of a Blue-Eyed Ojibway: Funny, You Don’t Look Like One #3

Chasing Painted Horses

The Night Wanderer (Graphic Novel)

Buy From These Retailers:

Description

A mesmerizing blend of vampire thriller and coming-of-age story—now available as a graphic novel.

Newcomers to the Otter Lake native reserve don’t go unnoticed for long. So it’s no surprise that 16-year-old Tiffany’s curiosity is piqued when her father rents out her room to a complete stranger.

But little do Tiffany, her father, or even her insightful Granny Ruth suspect the truth about their guest. The mysterious Pierre L’Errant has a dreadful secret. After centuries roaming Europe as a brooding vampire, he has returned home to reclaim his Native roots before facing the rising sun and certain death. Meanwhile, Tiffany is deeply troubled—she doubts her boyfriend is being faithful, has escalating disputes with her father, and her estranged mother is starting a new life with somebody else.

Fed up and heartsick, Tiffany threatens drastic measures and flees into the bush. There, in the midnight woods, a chilling encounter with L’Errant changes everything as Pierre introduces Tiffany to her proud Native heritage. For Pierre, though, destiny is fixed at sunrise.

In this stunning graphic version of the award-winning novel first developed as a play in 1992, artist Mike Wyatt brings a brilliant story to visual life.

“Produces the eerie atmosphere of the supernatural enmeshed in the harsh reality of many First Nations’ people.” - CanLit for Little Canadians, 09/04/13

“This book provides both creepy entertainment, beauty, and an authentic representation of a non-White culture that is alive and well in 2013.” - Booktoss, 10/21/13

“A unique and fascinating story which Michael Wyatt and Alison Kooistra have adapted into an excellent graphic novel that will appeal to a wide group of readers.” - CM Reviews, 10/13

“Satisfyingly layered, subtle and rich.”  - Canadian Children’s Book News, 10/13

“This title would be a great addition to any junior high or high school . . . Highly recommended.” - Library Media Connection, 10/04/13

“Most teens will relate to rocky family relationships and will enjoy the elements of fantasy and spirituality as a welcomed higher power that can help shift things into balance.” - VOYA, 12/13

“Powerful and thought-provoking . . . would make a great addition to middle school and high school curriculums.” - Urban Native Magazine, 01/18/14

“An excellent adaptation of Drew Hayden Taylor’s novel.”  - Resource Links, 12/13

“A great story, with interesting artwork and a unique story to tell.” - The Fangirl, 07/08/14

“[The] illustrations are rich in tone, and the spare use of the colour red lends an eerie hue.” - Professionally Speaking, 09/14

New Resources Added Regularly!

The Night Wanderer: End of Novel Essay

Regular price $8.00 Sale

• Parent-Teen Conflict
• Supernatural
• Native Issues
• Share Share on Facebook
• Tweet Tweet on Twitter
• Pin it Pin on Pinterest

20.500.12592/s8514p

Night Wanderer, The : A Native Gothic Novel

17 Aug 2007

Drew Hayden Taylor

Table of Contents

• COPYRIGHT PAGE 4
• THIRTEEN 101
• FOURTEEN 109
• FIFTEEN 115
• SIXTEEN 125
• SEVENTEEN 132
• EIGHTEEN 141
• NINETEEN 148
• TWENTY-ONE 164
• TWENTY-TWO 178
• TWENTY-THREE 185
• TWENTY-FOUR 188
• TWENTY-FIVE 195
• TWENTY-SIX 212
• TWENTY-SEVEN 221
• Acknowledgments 222
• About the Author 224

Related Topics

Share artifact.

Or copy link:

If your institution is a member, please log into Canada Commons from a link provided by your institution. This typically involves logging in via a menu managed by your library.

Accessing this content requires a membership

Add to list

You have no lists yet

Create your first list:

1 ? 's' : ''}`" >

Full-page Screenshot

Home — Essay Samples — Literature — Poetry — Final Analysis of the Wanderer

Final Analysis of The Wanderer

• Categories: Poetry The Wanderer

About this sample

Words: 2560 |

13 min read

Published: Jul 17, 2018

Words: 2560 | Pages: 6 | 13 min read

Works Cited

• Craigie, W.A. “Interpolations and Omissions in Anglo Saxon Poetic Texts.” Philologica 2 (1923-24) p19
• Beaston, Lawrence “The Wanderer’s Courage”. Neophilologus 89 (2005)
• Tillich, Paul. The Courage To Be . New Haven: Yale University Press (1977)
• Lacy D. Paul, “Thematic and Structural Affinities: The Wanderer and Ecclesiastes”. Neophilologus 82 (1998) pp125-137
• Lumiansky, R. “The Dramatic Structure of the Old English Wanderer”. Neophilologus 34 (1950) pp104-112
• Timmer. J. “Wyrd in Anglo-Saxon Prose and Poetry”. Neophilologus 26 (1941) Pp220-221
• Relihan, Joel C. Consolation of philosophy . Hackett Publishing (2001.) p74

Cite this Essay

Let us write you an essay from scratch

• 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
• Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours

Get high-quality help

Dr. Heisenberg

Verified writer

• Expert in: Literature

+ 120 experts online

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

Remember! This is just a sample.

You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers.

121 writers online

Still can’t find what you need?

Browse our vast selection of original essay samples, each expertly formatted and styled

Related Essays

Related topics.

By clicking “Send”, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement . We will occasionally send you account related emails.

Where do you want us to send this sample?

By clicking “Continue”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy.

Be careful. This essay is not unique

This essay was donated by a student and is likely to have been used and submitted before

Download this Sample

Free samples may contain mistakes and not unique parts

Sorry, we could not paraphrase this essay. Our professional writers can rewrite it and get you a unique paper.

Please check your inbox.

We can write you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines. Let's fix your grades together!

Get Your Personalized Essay in 3 Hours or Less!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

• Instructions Followed To The Letter
• Deadlines Met At Every Stage
• Unique And Plagiarism Free