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French translation of 'résumé'

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How To Write A Résumé in French Posted by Transparent Language on Mar 25, 2010 in Grammar , Vocabulary

Are you thinking about trying to get a job in a French-speaking country?  It would be a great language learning-experience, that’s for sure!  If you are, then you will need to know a few important things about writing a résumé for your prospective employer(s).

1. The first order of business? Résumé literally means “summary”, so you should never submit a résumé to a French-speaking employer. Instead, submit un C.V. (curriculum vitae). The word résumé has been adopted in English to refer to job application documents, but in French the common terminology is un C.V.

2. A proper French “résumé” (again, C.V.) requires a fair amount of  si tuation personnelle et état civil ( personal information). Oftentimes pictures and other extraneous information is needed more so than you may be accustomed to in other parts of the world. Examples of this are providing your  nationalité (citizenship) or s ituation de famille ( marital status).  For the latter, you may include célibataire (single), marié(e) (married),  divorcé(e) (divorced), or  veuf /veuve (widowed).  Âge (age) might also be useful, or simply your date de naissance (date of birth).

3. The contact information part is fairly simple, but critical. A well-written French C.V. has your numéro de téléphone (phone number) in as many varieties as possible — portable (cell phone, mobile); domicile (home phone); bureau (work phone) — as well as your adresse e-mail (email) .

4. The meat of your C.V. will include brief sections for e xpérience professionnelle (work experience), f ormation (education background), c onnaissances: linguistiques et informatiques (skills: languages and technology), your  p roject professionnel or o bjectif (career goals), centres d’intérêt, passe-temps, loisirs, activités personnelles/extra-professionnelles (i nterests, pastimes, leisure Activities, hobbies).

5. For describing your level of language mastery, it is always best to be honest. If you happen to get an interview, your employer wouldn’t want to be taken off guard so it pays to be conservative here. Below are some helpful qualifiers:

Maîtrise convenable, Bonnes connaissances: Intermediate:

Lu, écrit, parlé: proficient

Courant: fluent

Bilingue: bilingual

Langue maternelle: native language

6. I’ve found it’s useful on any C.V. to put your références (references/referees) and their  nom et coordonnées (name and position).

7. Since there are a plethora of ways to format your r ésumé in French-speaking countries, I’ve provided a link of some examples for your convenience.

Bonne chance!

Build vocabulary, practice pronunciation, and more with Transparent Language Online. Available anytime, anywhere, on any device.

About the Author: Transparent Language

Transparent Language is a leading provider of best-practice language learning software for consumers, government agencies, educational institutions, and businesses. We want everyone to love learning language as much as we do, so we provide a large offering of free resources and social media communities to help you do just that!

very very helpful – thank you!

I really like the way this was put together. The inclusion of immediate English translations was useful. The link to examples was also a nice touch.

Keep on blogging.

Interesting things about how to write a resume

myfrenchresume.com:

My French Resume ( http://www.myfrenchresume.com ) translates and adapts your resume and cover letter to french standards. Get the free ebook “10 Innovative ways to find a job in France” !

Thanks a lot for your help. It is very useful!

That was very helpful

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(Translation of resume from the GLOBAL English-French Dictionary © 2016 K Dictionaries Ltd)

Translation of resume | PASSWORD English-French Dictionary

(Translation of resume from the PASSWORD English-French Dictionary © 2014 K Dictionaries Ltd)

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What You Need on a French Résumé

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When applying for a job in a French-speaking country, your résumé needs to be in French, which is more than a matter of translation. Aside from the obvious  language differences , certain information that may not be required — or even permitted — on résumés in your country is required in France. This article explains the basic requirements and formats of French résumés and includes several examples to help you get started.

The first thing you need to know is that the word  résumé  is a  false cognate  in French and English. Un résumé  means a summary, whereas a résumé refers to  un CV  (curriculum vitae). Thus, when applying for a job with a French company, you need to provide  un CV , not  un résumé .

You might be surprised to learn that a photograph as well as some potentially delicate personal information, such as age and marital status, are required on a French résumé. These can and will be used in the hiring process; if this bothers you, France may not be the best place for you to work.

Categories, Requirements, and Details

The information that generally needs to be included on a French résumé is summarized here. As with any résumé, there is no one "right" order or style. There are infinite ways to format a French résumé — it really just depends on what you want to emphasize and your personal preferences.

Personal information  -  Situation personnelle et état civil

• Last name (in all caps) -  Nom de famille
• First name -  Prénom
• Address -  Adresse
• Phone number, including international access code -  Numéro de téléphone * Work phone -  bureau * Home phone -  domicile * Mobile phone -  portable
• Email -  adresse e-mail
• Nationality -  Nationalité
• Marital status, number, and age of children -  Situation de famille * Single -  célibataire * Married -  marié(e) * Divorced -  divorcé(e) * Widowed -  veuf (veuve)
• Passport-sized, color photograph

Objective  -  Project Professionnel  or  Objectif

• Short, precise description of your skills and/or short-term career goals (i.e., what you'll bring to this job).

Professional Experience  -  Expérience professionnelle

• Thematic or backwards chronological list
• Name of company, location, dates of employment, title, job description, responsibilities, and notable achievements

Education  -  Formation

• Only the highest diplomas you have obtained.
• Name and location of school, dates, and degree earned

(Language and Computer) Skills  -  Connaissances (linguistiques et informatiques)

   Languages -  Langues

• Don't exaggerate your language skills; they're very easy to verify.
• Qualifiers: * (Basic) knowledge -  Notions * Conversant -  Maîtrise convenable, Bonnes connaissances * Proficient -  Lu, écrit, parlé * Fluent -  Courant * Bilingual -  Bilingue * Native language -  Langue maternelle

   Computers -  Informatique

• Operating systems
• Software programs

Interests, Pastimes, Leisure Activities, Hobbies  -  Centres d'intérêt, Passe-temps, Loisirs, Activités personnelles/extra-professionnelles

• Limit this section to three or four lines.
• Consider the value of what you choose to include: list things that make you sound interesting, that set you apart from the rest of the crowd.
• Be prepared to discuss these with the interviewer (e.g., "How often do you play tennis? What's the last book you read?")

Types of French Résumés

There are two main types of French résumés, depending on what the potential employee wants to emphasize:

• Chronological résumé ( Le CV chronologique ) : Presents employment in reverse chronological order.
• F unctional résumé ( Le CV fonctionnel ) : Emphasizes career path and achievements and groups them thematically, by field of experience or sector of activity.

Résumé Writing Tips

• Always have a native speaker proofread the final version of your résumé. Typos and mistakes look unprofessional and cast doubt on your stated French ability.
• Keep résumé brief, concise, and direct; one or two pages maximum.
• Spell out names of  US states  and  Canadian provinces , rather than using abbreviations like NY or BC.
• If applying for a job where fluency in another language is required, consider sending a résumé in that language along with the French one.
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How to Write a Resume in French – French CV Guide

Have you ever dreamed of living and working in France? If you’ve read the first part of this guide about How to Find Jobs in France , you already know why: It’s not just the elegant charm of the City of Love or the amazing cheesy meals of the Savoie. It’s also the numerous advantages of working for a French company and benefiting from our labor laws.

But how do you go about writing a resume in French or creating a French CV? 

In the first chapter, you’ve seen that there are many job opportunities for foreigners. You’ve also learned what kind of work you can find in France, and how to search for it using a wide range of job-hunting tools and resources. Now that you know how to find a job, let’s see how to get that job! 

This guide will go through everything you need to know to land your dream job, from the application process with a French resume, to the specifics of the job interview and the perks of the local working culture.

1. How to Apply for a Job

J’aime mon travail. (“I love my job”)

1- Create Your French-Style Resume

The French resume is called CV for “Curriculum Vitæ” and doesn’t differ too much from its North American counterpart. But there are a few things you need to know to make it perfect! First, here’s a French CV example:

• (1) Personal information

As you can see from this sample CV in French, all basic contact information goes on the top left corner. Note that the contact information in French resumes can vary from person to person, but these are the basics:

• Your age You’re allowed to give this information in France, but it’s not mandatory. As this is still a discriminating factor, I would recommend not including it.
• Physical address

This could be omitted as well. In most cases, it doesn’t really make a difference whether you include it or not. But in some cases, it could work against you if, for example, you’re living remarkably far from the company you’re applying for.

• Phone number

That’s it! No need to add your IQ, blood type, or astrological sign.

• (2) Photo or no photo?

Unlike in other countries, it’s perfectly fine to put your photo on your French resume. You can smile, but keep it serious and professional, unless you’re applying in a specific work field where creativity is valued. If you have a photo you would like to use, this would be the place to put it.

However, it’s not mandatory and it’s better not to have a photo than to have a bad one!

• (3) Give a title to your CV! 

This is often overlooked, but with more and more French companies going through resumes with automated search tools , it’s becoming important. It’s also the line that will stand out when your recruiter opens the resume. 

Ideally, the title of your resume should highlight the most important degree or skill of experience relevant to the job you’re trying to get. For instance, even if you’re a graduate programmer from a top-notch school, don’t make it your title if you’re looking for a job in real-estate!

Here are some examples:

Guide Touristique Certifié – Trilingue (Certified Tour Guide – Trilingual)

Assistant Commercial Immobilier (Real-estate Sales Assistant)

The usual list of sections in a French CV is as follows:

• (4) Expérience Professionnelle (Work Experience) 

You can mention everything, but only add details when it’s relevant for the job.

• (5) Formation (Education) List your degrees and certifications in chronological order (or reverse), with the years and cities/countries. You might want to put this section first if your work experience section seems short.
• (6) Compétences (Skills)

The section for skills in French resumes is usually short and is divided into sections, such as Langues (Languages) or Informatique (IT). It’s also a good place to mention your Permis de conduire (Driver’s license).

• (7) Centres d’intérêts (Personal interests) This is not as straightforward as you might think. If you have dangerous or notoriously time-consuming hobbies, better leave them out. I recommend including those that seem to fit with the job you’re applying for or the company’s values.

Take the time to customize your CV for the specific job and company, and of course, make it flawless and easy to read! You’ll find enormous amounts of resources online about how to write a perfect resume. 

Except for what I’ve mentioned above, it should apply to the French CV!

Make it flawless and easy to read!

2- The Subtle Art of Cover Letters

The French Lettre de motivation (Literally “Motivation letter,” or “Cover letter” in English) is a delicate exercise of balance. On one hand, it’s highly codified and somewhat artificial; on the other hand, it needs to feel genuine and original enough to catch your reader’s attention. But on a third hand, you can’t be too different, because it’s highly codified! 

Let’s have a look at the unavoidable classics of cover letters and let’s debunk some of the nonsense you might come across while researching about French cover letters online.

First, keep in mind that the French letter is almost never more than one page long.

It should look roughly like this:

• (1) Remind your reader who you are by reusing the personal information from your CV.
• (2) Put the company name and address, followed by the date and where the present letter is written from.
• (3) Remind what documents are attached to this letter (most likely your CV).
• (4) Under Objet (Topic), be perfectly explicit about why you’re writing with a sentence such as Candidature au poste de ____ (Application for the position of ____) followed by the exact name of the position as mentioned in the job offer (if any). If there’s a reference code, you can add it there for extra clarity.
• (5) If you know the name of your reader, you can use it here. For instance: Monsieur Fontaine, (Mister Fontaine,). Always use the last name (with the proper spelling!). Never use Cher Monsieur Fontaine, ( Dear Mister Fontaine, ). It’s not formal enough. And if you don’t know who’s going to read it, or have any doubts, go for the fool-proof: Madame, Monsieur, ( Madam, Mister, ).

Hold on! The perfect cover letter is only one page long.

Next comes the body of your letter. In France, it’s typically made of three paragraphs, each with a specific purpose:

• (6) The first one is about your target company: Why are you applying? Why this specific company?

If you’re passionate about it, it’s time to explain why. If not, a bit of hypocrisy doesn’t hurt—but don’t go too heavy on the soft-soaping! Researching about the company will help you to avoid being too vague.

You can use sentences such as:

  Intégrer la société ___ au poste de ___ m’attire tout particulièrement pour ___.  

“Joining the ___ company in a position of ___ is especially tempting because ___.”

• (7) The second paragraph is about you, and more specifically, what you have to offer. Sell yourself without sounding like a bombastic jerk! Always the delicate balance.

Ma formation en ___ m’a permis d’acquérir de nombreuses compétences en ___ .

“During my studies in ___, I developed strong skills in ___.”

• (8) The last paragraph explains why your personality and unique set of skills make you the perfect candidate for the job. This is where you outshine the competition by keeping the target company above any further temptation of self-glorification. Make it about what you can give them and how you can help them, not just about yourself.

It could include:

___ mettre mes compétences à votre service .

“___ to put my skills at your service.”

But really, there’s no template for this part. Be specific, be genuine, and don’t use empty words just because they sound good.

• (9) The salutations section is trickier than it seems in a French letter, and you’ll read a lot of garbage about it online, ranging from old-fashioned or submissive to straight-up grammatically incorrect.

My personal favorites are:

Veuillez agréer, Madame, Monsieur, mes meilleures salutations.

Veuillez recevoir, Madame, Monsieur, mes respectueuses salutations.

“Please receive, Madam, Mister, my best / respectful salutations.”

• (10) Sign here with your full name. If the letter is printed, I like to hand-sign it.

3- Professional Social Networks & Online Reputation

Although French employers aren’t as crazy about LinkedIn as North Americans, your online presence on such networks can absolutely be a plus! The most popular in France are:

• LinkedIn : A massive network of professionals where you can put your resume, join communities,  and follow the careers of your contacts. Depending on your profile, you may get contacted directly by employers or Headhunters.
• Viadeo – France : The French cousin of LinkedIn, and although not as popular, it’s preferred by some companies.

Once you have a bright and shiny profile with a stunning photo, it doesn’t hurt to add a link on your resume!

Réseau social professionnel (“Professional social network”)

If you’re not already registered on one of these networks, take a moment to consider whether it makes sense in the context of your job search. Small local businesses shouldn’t care too much about it, while big corporations will appreciate the extra mile.

One last note: Be careful with what you publicly publish on social networks . More and more frequently, French recruiters are browsing social media to get a better idea of the applicants; thus, displaying controversial opinions or outrageous photos might be unwise!

2. Interviewing for a Job in France

You’ve sent a beautiful French-style CV attached to an elegant Lettre de motivation (Cover letter) and you got an appointment to a job interview? Well done! The hardest part is behind you, but you still have to capitalize on your success and land the job! Here’s some information on how to interview in French with prospective employers. 

1- Research! Knowledge is Power

The first thing to do before a job interview in French is to do some serious homework. This is as true in France as it is in any country. Recruiters will gauge your enthusiasm and interest for the company just as much as they will your capacity to fill the position.

• Research thoroughly about the company. Find out about its history, how it operates, its current contacts, and general health. Anything you find out might come in handy!
• Research about the position. This involves reading the job offer about a hundred times, researching about professionals who are assuming a similar role on professional social networks, and finding out about the average salary.
• Research about your recruiter: This is the person you’re about to meet. You don’t want to be a Facebook stalker and compliment him on his beautiful wife, but being aware of his position and role within the company is a plus.

2- How to Ace Your French Job Interview

Assuming that you already know how to conduct a job interview, I’ll mainly cover the specifics of the French culture when it comes to meeting a recruiter on a typical job interview.

1. Greetings – Keep it Formal and Kiss-free!

I know we kiss a lot in France! We do La bise to our friends and family, and during many casual (or even professional!) situations. But you should, under no circumstances, initiate a kiss toward a recruiter during a job interview. Instead, go for a firm handshake, with a smile and confident eye contact.

The usual greetings for a job interview are:

• Bonjour. (Good day)
• Bonjour Monsieur . or Bonjour Madame. (Good day mister or madam)
• Bonjour Monsieur Fontaine. or Bonjour Madame Fontaine. , (Using their last name after the greeting)

Pick one depending on the meeting’s level of formality. If your recruiter seems very relaxed and friendly, is wearing an old t-shirt, and opens the conversation on a first name basis, Bonjour Monsieur may be too uptight.

• Check out our free vocabulary list on FrenchPod101 to find out how to introduce yourself for your job interview!

You can’t go wrong with a firm handshake.

2. Tu or Vous ? Follow Their Lead

In French, you can address a person with one of two types of “you.” Tu is the casual “you” while Vous is for formal and professional encounters.

In the context of a job interview, always open with Vous . Then, if your interlocutor wants to switch to Tu , simply follow their lead. But most interviews are conducted with the Vous from start to finish.

Some examples are:

• Comment allez-vous ? (How are you doing?)
• Ravi de vous rencontrer. (Nice to meet you.)

3. Classic French Questions & Answers

Unlike other countries, where you can warm up with a bit of small talk, French recruiters usually have a no-chit-chat policy. They’ll cut straight to the chase and start asking questions. 

Also, be prepared to be asked about what you may consider to be personal topics, such as your marital status, kids, or hobbies. This is perfectly acceptable in France!

Here are some of the most common questions asked during a job interview, so you can prepare and think about how to answer them:

• Parlez-moi de votre expérience professionnelle. “Tell me about your job history.”
• Parlez moi de vos études. “Tell me about your studies.” Quels sont vos diplômes ? “What degrees do you have?” Quel est votre parcours scolaire? “What is your educational background?”
• Que savez-vous sur notre entreprise ? “What do you know about our company?”
• Pourquoi pensez-vous être un bon candidat pour ce poste ?

“What makes you think you are a good fit for this position?”

• Pourquoi pensez-vous que nous devrions vous embaucher ? “Why do you think we should hire you?”
• Quelles langues parlez-vous ? “Which languages do you speak?” Quel est votre niveau en Anglais ? “What is your level in English?” Parlez-vous couramment Anglais ? “Are you fluent in English?”
• Quand seriez vous disponible pour commencer ? “When could you start working with us?”
• Quelles sont vos prétentions salariales ?

“What kind of salary are you expecting?”

• Quelles sont vos forces ? Votre principal défaut ? “What are your strengths? Your biggest flaw?”
• Pourquoi avez-vous quitté votre dernier emploi ? “Why did you leave your previous job?” Pourquoi souhaitez-vous quitter votre employeur actuel ? “Why do you wish to leave your current employer?”
• For more resources on how to talk about jobs, be sure to check out our free vocabulary list on FrenchPod101 .

Quels sont vos diplômes ? (“What degrees do you have?”)

3. French Work Culture

1- a strong work ethic.

The French work culture is by no means perfect, but I want to highlight some of its strengths as well as the kind of qualities you’ll have to develop if you want to thrive in this environment.

• French employees have a reputation for being hard workers . You may smile after reading about our avalanche of days off and our 35-hour weeks , but you want to make the best of these hours. You want to end up being more productive than you would be if you were sleep-working sixty hours a week while ruminating on your unpaid overtime.
• Autonomy and creativity are highly regarded qualities in a French company. You’re expected to be technically proficient and to quickly learn how to handle yourself without constant supervision. Collective work is still a thing, but your individual performance is more important than in some other countries.
• Having a critical mind isn’t seen as an annoying flaw of character, but as an important asset. It’s perfectly fine, and even encouraged, to comment and criticize the work and ideas of your colleagues as long as you’re bringing value to the table. This critique-based approach can put you off if you’re used to more agreeable work cultures, but it’s for the greater good!

2- A Friendly Work Environment

Although very vocal with their critiques, French workers tend to keep their work environment as friendly and relaxed as possible. It’s not to say that you can’t end up in horrible, hostile work environments, as it happens in any country; but overall, the French are very relational with their peers. 

You’re likely to develop strong bonds with your coworkers that extend way beyond your workplace and last much longer than your employment period.

• Lunchtime is serious business! No, really. Lunchtime in the middle of your work day can easily take up to two hours, but it’s not just casual conversation and joyful wine-tasting: Many work-related discussions happen over lunch, and business deals are frequently signed over a cheese platter! Don’t get me wrong. French lunches ALSO have casual conversations and glassfulls of wine. Hard to go back to your quick sandwich lunch after that.
• After-hours mingling also takes an important part in the workplace social life of many companies. It’s common to go for a drink after a hard day of labor, and one beer leading to the next, you might spend more time with your coworkers than with your spouse!

Connecting with your colleagues.

4. How FrenchPod101.com Can Help You Get a Job in France

In this guide, you’ve learned how to expertly craft your French CV and cover letter in order to apply for a job in France, as well as how to handle yourself during the job interview. Do you feel ready to go job-hunting and make friends in your new workplace? How about to create a French CV and interview with your potential employer? FrenchPod101.com has tons of free vocabulary lists with audio recordings that can help you prepare for your interview:

• How to introduce yourself
• How to talk about jobs
• Agreeing or disagreeing in a conversation
• Professional meetings

And much more!

If your job interview is conducted in French (and in most cases, it will be), the best way to maximize your chances of landing the job is to carefully prepare yourself for the interview .

A good exercise is to ask yourself the typical questions for a French job interview and try to write down your answers using all of the free resources that you can find on FrenchPod101 . It will make you much more confident when it comes time for your interview!

Remember that you can also use our premium service, MyTeacher , to get personal one-on-one coaching and have your private teacher check your answers to make them perfect!

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Dive Into Expert Guides to Enhance your Resume

The French Resume

Get an effective French resume with this how-to guide

Certified Professional Resume Writer

Learn how to write a French resume with our expert advice and templates.

First things first,  writing a resume  for a French-speaking position is not the same as crafting a standard American resume. Nor does the word resume even apply!

Résumé in French means summary  and when it comes to applying for a job in the French-speaking world, you will be required to  apply with a CV: a Curriculum Vitae .

Candidates who apply with a well-written  French resume  will often have the advantage .

The following guide will give you a few key pointers on  how to write a  French resume  to ensure your application makes it to the top of the pile.

French Resume Example

A sure-fire method of  creating a  French CV  that suits the requirements of the typical format  and content is by using a French resume example that demonstrates what areas are most important to highlight and how to structure the document correctly.

A good example can help you find useful  French resume  phrases  that can be worked into your own customized job application.

Take a look at the following example to get an idea of how a French resume looks:

Aurélie Gérard

[email protected] | 75008 Paris | +33 6 15 52 33 97

Commerciale avec plus de 5 ans d’expérience, apte à gérer toutes sortes d’opérations internationales. Dotée de grandes connaissances linguistiques et culturelles pour améliorer les relations avec les clients à l’étranger. Méthodique, organisée et productive.

Expériences

Commerciale

GR Design Agency (Paris, France)

Septembre 2015 – Présent

• Élaboration des devis pour les clients français et espagnols
• Gestion de 50 à 80 commandes par semaine
• Préparation des commandes en collaboration avec les services marketing et graphisme
• Suivi du transport
• Gestion des réseaux sociaux pour le marché français et espagnol
• Résolutions des litiges

Assistante commerciale

Le Marché Gourmand (Nantes, France)

Mai 2013 – Août 2015

• Gestion des importations des produits depuis l’Espagne et le Royaume-Uni
• Suivi et organisation des livraisons en France
• Élaboration des cotations import
• Actualisation des tarifs clients

Licence d’économie et gestion – Mention commerce international

École Nantaise de Commerce (Nantes, France)

2010 – 2013

BTS en commerce international

Lycée Saint-Félix (Nantes, France)

2008 – 2010

Compétences

• Service client
• Sens de la négociation
• Développement commercial
• Stratégie commerciale
• Microsoft Office
• Logiciel ERP
• Rédaction de devis
• Prise de commande
• Esprit d’équipe
• Résolution de problèmes
• Français : Langue maternelle
• Anglais : Niveau avancé C1
• Espagnol : Niveau intermédiaire B2

Use our  resume builder  and draft a winning application. It is full of real-life examples and expert tips designed to help you find work.

French CV vs American Resume

There are  various aspects of American and  French resumes   that  differ greatly .

Let’s take a look at the differences to get a clearer picture:

One way to ensure you  complete a resume  that ticks all the boxes for a French-speaking recruiter is by applying with both, a French and English-language resume.

If you’re having doubts about creating a winning French resume, another option is to try out a multi-lingual online resume builder that can guide you through each stage with examples and tips for each section.

Writing a Resume in French

More than a simple translation,  making a resume in French  requires starting again from the beginning. The reason for this is that although much of the  information that you will include in a French CV  will be translated from your English resume, there are other factors to be considered.

These important elements include:

• Culturally-specific terms
• Grading systems for academic achievements
• Sections and order of information

In the following guide, we go into more detail regarding these factors but beforehand, a few  tips on how to write a resume in French :

• Be mindful of your writing : It’s important to stand out, but if you try to employ lots of creative language you wouldn’t normally use in English, you may find that your resume no longer makes a professional impression.
• Don’t get too creative : Although design and creative resumes are becoming increasingly popular, it is still safer to provide a smart, executive-style resume.
• Watch out for language rules : Avoid using the first person singular term ‘Je’ (‘I’) to describe experiences and achievements, and instead use only the verb and object.
• Use capital for your last name : As the first and last names are used interchangeably in France and other French-speaking areas, this is one way to differentiate the two.
• Do not abbreviate : Chances are that French recruiters might not know the meaning of American abbreviations. It is best to spell out the full term or name to avoid misunderstandings.

Finally, even the most fluent French speaker can make mistakes, therefore it is vitally important that you always try to get your French resume proofread by somebody native and preferably within your professional field.

French Resume: Layout and Sections

After coming to terms with the differences in language, there are certain formalities that need to be considered for a French Resume. These include both  what should be included in a CV for a French job  and the specific  resume formatting  rules.

To follow the typical  French resume model , candidates should make their resume no longer than  2 standard A4 pages . This may seem long at first, compared to an American resume, but once you get going, you’ll see how you can fill the space. That said, remember that if your French CV takes up just one page, that is perfectly acceptable and sometimes even preferred.

Candidates are advised to use a  maximum of 2 different font styles  throughout to maintain a  professional French resume style .

Also, the same spacing should be maintained throughout the document so that the text remains clear and there is neither too much nor too little white space.

A sure-fire way to create a winning French CV  that is well-structured and plays to the needs of French recruiters is by employing a  French resume template  that is ready-formatted with the right spacing, lines, and headings for the candidate to simply complete with their information.

What to include in a French resume

Knowing  how to structure a French resume for a new job  is vitally important but something that is of equal value is the content and  what is included in a French CV . The different  sections of a French resume  encompass the relevant information pertaining to a candidate’s professional profile.

The following are the  principal sections that should be incorporated into a successful French resume :

In the United States, you are  88% more likely to get a “no”  from your application if you include a profile photo but this feature is  practically obligatory for your French resume  to be taken seriously.

It is imperative that the photo you choose to include be a professional shot of the head and shoulders only. Do not crop yourself from photos with others or use selfies. A  French resume photo needs to represent your professional candidacy , therefore make sure to take care of your appearance and clothing, by being simply, smartly dressed without going overboard on make-up, jewelry or other accessories.

Contact details/Personal information

Coordonnées/Situation personnelle et état civil At the beginning of any resume, candidates should  include their contact information  by giving their full name, address or location, phone number, and email address as well as any online professional profiles such as LinkedIn or personal websites.

However, when it comes to  writing a resume for a French job application , there are more details which should be added, some of which can seem very personal for an American audience. Despite this fact, it’s important to comply with the  basic requirements  instead of leaving the recruiter needing to look for the information they expect to see.

This section should be comprised of:

• Name and last name – Prénom et nom de famille
• Address – Adresse
• Email address – Adresse email/courrier électronique
• Phone number – Numéro de téléphone
• Websites/Social media profiles/Portfolio – Site web/reseaux sociaux/Dossier professionnel
• Nationality – Nationalité

The usual responses are single = célibataire or married = marié(e), with the extra ‘e’ at the end for female candidates.

Title/Introduction

Titre/objetif/projet professionnel Before entering into details on a French resume, candidates should  summarise their profile in a few words  in order to offer the reader a simple, clear idea of what type of application they are reviewing. These few words should then be presented in the form of a phrase of up to 3-4 words reflecting the job title.

Additionally, similarly to a  resume objective  or summary statement,  French resumes include a brief introduction  in the form of a sentence or two that encapsulate the candidate’s profile in a convincing manner, to sell themselves to the hiring manager.

Formation On French resumes, the  academic or professional training experience section  is generally given priority even for those who have not recently graduated or are not currently in training. That is why it is imperative to always  include your most prestigious and relevant certificates and diplomas at the beginning of your French resume .

Every country has a different system of education and grading so it is crucial for candidates to find out the correct equivalent of both their level of academic achievement and the corresponding grade in order to offer the information in a comprehensive manner to a French-speaking prospective employer.

In Canada or French-American companies, it is possible they will understand the US higher education system however it is always more beneficial to make it easier for a potential employer to grasp the level of academic accomplishment of each candidate by giving the French interpretations.

The following is a guide to  what to list in the education section in a French resume :

• High School Diploma = Baccalauréat (BAC)
• Associate’s Degree = DEUG – Général or DUT, BTS – Technique (BAC + 2)
• Bachelor’s Degree (3 years) = Licence (BAC + 3)
• Bachelor’s Degree (4 years) = Maîtrise (BAC + 4)
• Masters Degree or MBA = Master or DEA, DESS (BAC + 5/6)
• Doctorate PhD, LLD or JD = Doctorat (BAC + 8)

The French system simplifies this stage by referring directly to the level of higher education in years. The  BAC + number indicates how many extra years of study  have been undertaken post-high school.

Remember to investigate the company you are interested  in applying to in order to get a better idea of which type of system they will understand to adapt your French resume and tailor it to each position every time you apply for a new role.

In this section, candidates should also mention all  professional training programs or courses  undertaken and, as with the formal education, list the dates, awarding body, program name and grades if applicable.

Work experience

Expérience professionnelle For candidates who have a few years of  professional experience  or more, the main part of their resume will be taken by the job history section.

A  French resume  work experience section  should be written in  reverse chronological order , starting with the most recent or current position.

The layout should follow this formula:

• Company – If likely to be unknown to the employer, include field.
• Location – Write the state name instead of the state code.
• Employment dates
• Description

Remember, Europe and other parts of the world use the following format: DD/MM/YYYY.

Include any relevant  volunteering , military service, or internships in this section.

Connaissances/Compétences Not always considered one of the most standard areas of a French resume, creating  a skills section can be just what a candidate needs to stand out in the application process  because it gives the hiring manager direct access to the applicant’s abilities.

The  most essential aspect of a French resume skills section  is that the core capacities listed should reflect only the abilities that are relevant to the vacancy being offered.

Often, this section is  split into separate skill areas , the most common of which being IT and  Languages  – Connaissances informatiques and Langues.

Within IT skills, applicants must list the programs and computer languages they are competent in . These must reflect the position in the job offer. It is not useful stating that you know JAVAscript if the position you are interested in uses completely different coding. Software programs are referred to as Logiciels.

For languages, candidates  should list the different languages they can speak and refer to their level with a universally understood scale . For job applications for France or Switzerland, it is acceptable to use the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) relating each language to a level between A1 and C2, depending on your fluency.

For jobs in French Canada and other regions, it may be more advantageous and logical to use a standard Elementary to Fluent scale:

• Elementary – Scolaire
• Basic – Notions
• Intermediate – Bonnes notions
• Upper-intermediate – Intermédiaire
• Advanced – Courant
• Bilingual – Bilingue
• Mother tongue – Langue maternelle

For languages where the candidate possesses an official qualification, these details should be added here.

Centres d’intérêts Although it is slowly gaining popularity again with the new generation of jobseekers and recruiters, hobbies are not usually seen on resumes in the US or even CVs in other countries. However, it is common practice to  include a section for hobbies on a French resume  which is strategically placed to help potential employers learn a little more about the candidate’s character and abilities which might not be as obvious without this information.

The  hobbies section  of a resume is not a place to include random, unrelated details of activities you like to do in your time off of work but instead, a  section to speak directly to the company  you’re applying to.

Indicating certain personal interests that benefit you both professionally as well as personally allows a hiring manager to see how you have grown, things you have learned and how certain skills you have could be applied to the company.

Using a  French resume builder  is the best way to ensure you get a fully-formatted French CV, with all the right sections available to be personalized according to your needs and allowing you to use  French resume templates  and expert recruiting tips that will help get your application through to the next round.

French Resume FAQs

Let’s dive into some common questions about crafting a French CV, from its format to its distinguishing features, and some  helpful tips to perfect your application .

What is the typical French CV format?

Prepare for some differences compared to American resumes. French CVs often span  two or more pages  and incorporate a  professional photo  at the top.

In addition to this, French CVs may also include sections dedicated to  language skills  and  interests , allowing candidates to showcase their personality and skills beyond their job experiences.

What should I include in the personal information section of a French CV?

Provide your  full name, address, phone number, and email .

Incorporating a  LinkedIn profile  and perhaps a personal website or portfolio would be advantageous and provide a holistic view of your online professional presence.

Do I need to elaborate on each job role in a French CV?

Yes, indeed!  Detail the scope of your role, discuss your achievements, and highlight your  transferable skills  for each job experience.

Keep in mind that focusing on  quantifiable achievements  and specific accomplishments will not only showcase your experience but also demonstrate your capabilities clearly.

Should I translate my French CV into English for job applications in France?

While English may be spoken at many companies, it’s  best to submit your CV in French , showing that you understand the local business culture.

Make sure to double-check the company’s requirements, as some international organizations might prefer CVs in English and local applications in French.

What common mistakes should I avoid when crafting my French CV?

Steer clear of pitfalls such as  overly personal information, excessively long CVs, or inadequate job experience details .

Tailor your CV to the specific job you’re applying for, ensuring that your relevant experience and skills align with the position requirements.

Do French employers expect a cover letter?

Yes , most French employers do expect a  cover letter , as it offers valuable insights into your professional background.

While crafting your cover letter, take the opportunity to  connect your skills and experience to the job description  and explain why you’re the ideal candidate for the position.

Is it necessary to indicate my marital status on a French CV?

It is  becoming less and less common  to mention it. If you feel it could discriminate against you or you prefer not to mention it, don’t include it.  Prioritize skills and experience  over personal details.

To further enhance your CV, focus on professional certifications, relevant training courses, and extra-curricular activities that demonstrate a commitment to your industry or field.

What is the ‘Europass’ CV format widely used in France?

The ‘ Europass ‘, a standard format used in the European Union, intends to help European citizens be more easily understood by employers throughout the EU.

While preparing a Europass CV, don’t forget to attach the Europass Language Passport, a self-assessment tool that showcases your language skills, and the Europass Mobility document, if applicable.

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How to Create a Resume in French

If you apply to a job in France or in another French-speaking part of the world, you will likely need to submit a resume in French that follows the customs of the country in which you plan to work. This article will cover how French resumes are different from North American English resumes as well as some tips and useful French terms to help you get started.

When To Use a French Resume

If you are applying to a position that requires you to speak French, whether it’s in France, in another French-speaking country, or at a French-speaking company, you will likely want to submit your resume in French. If the job posting is in French, that’s generally a cue to submit your application in French.

Additionally, keep in mind which language you would prefer to use for a potential interview. If you write your resume in French, the employer will likely assume that you are comfortable enough with the language to interview in French as well.

It’s important to note that while the word ‘résumé’ means ‘summary’ in French, that is not, in fact, what French-speakers call this document - instead, it’s referred to as a curriculum vitae or CV .

Differences From North American English Resumes

In general, these are some of the differences between North American English resumes and French CVs:

Include Personal Information

It’s usually not a good idea to include personal information on your English resume in the U.S., Canada, or Australia because it can lead to potential discrimination concerns, but this practice is standard in France and most French-speaking countries. Your personal information should include your full name, your address , your age or date of birth, your email address, your phone number (including the country code), your nationality, and your personal website/online portfolio/ social media links.

In the past, it was also standard to include your marital status, but this is becoming less common. So, you can include your marital status if you wish but it is not mandatory.

Add a Photo

It’s also common to omit photos from North American English resumes, again to avoid any potential discrimination concerns. However, it’s encouraged and expected to include a headshot on a French resume. Use a professional photo that is shot specifically for this purpose - not a selfie or a casual photo. This headshot should reinforce your professionalism and your validity as a candidate for the job, so be sure to dress simply but nicely, avoid wearing too many accessories, and smile directly into the camera.

List Your Job Title

Underneath your name, summarize your entire resume in a few words by providing your job title , followed by an introductory paragraph - similar to what would be called a resume summary or a resume objective on a North American English resume.

Education Is Emphasized Over Work Experience

Education is generally more important than your work experience on a French resume, so it should be placed first and given the most details. Your education section can include academic degrees, professional training that you’ve completed, certifications , and other courses.

Each country has its own education system so do some research about the country where you are planning to work and provide equivalencies wherever necessary to give context to your academic accomplishments.

In France, they use a relatively simple system to describe educational degrees that shows how many years of additional schooling you’ve done since graduating from high school:

• High school diploma - Baccalauréat (BAC)
• Associate’s degree - DEUG (BAC + 2)
• 3-year Bachelor’s degree - License (BAC + 3)
• 4-year Bachelor’s degree - Maîtrise (BAC + 4)
• Master’s degree - Masters (BAC + 5/6)
• Doctorate degree - Doctorat (BAC + 8)

For each entry in your education section, include the dates you attended, the name and location of the university or training center, the program name, and grades if applicable (using local equivalencies wherever possible).

Remember that France and most French-speaking countries use the date format DD/MM/YYYY. While you generally don’t need to include the day for your education dates, keep this in mind if you do write out any full dates on your French resume or cover letter, or when scheduling your interview, indicating your availability, etc.

Include Your Hobbies

While it’s becoming more popular to include hobbies and interests on a North American English resume, it has long been a common practice to include a hobbies section on a French resume. This is an opportunity to share your personal interests with an employer and provide some details about your character, abilities, and skills .

Use Formal Language

Remember to use the formal ‘vous’ instead of the casual ‘tu’ to say ‘you’ when addressing your potential employer in your resume, cover letter , other correspondence, and in your interview. This shows that you respect the employer and understand the cultural significance of this linguistic difference from English, where there is only one word for ‘you.’

Helpful French Resume Terms

Here are a few French terms that can be useful when writing your resume in French:

• First name and last name - Prénom et nom de famille
• Address - Adresse
• Date of birth - Date de naissance
• Email address - Adresse email/courrier électronique
• Phone number - Numéro de téléphone
• Website - Site web
• Social media profiles - Réseaux sociaux
• Portfolio - Dossier professionnel
• Nationality - Nationalité
• Marital status - État civil
• Education - Formation
• Work experience - Expérience professionnelle
• Skills - Compétences
• Hobbies - Centres d’intérêts

Tips For Writing a French Resume

Here are some additional tips to help you create a successful French resume:

Put Your Last Name in Capital Letters

In French, sometimes the last name is written first, which can be confusing if both names could potentially be first names. So, to avoid confusion, many French people will write their last name in all capitals to clarify, regardless of what order is used. For example, you might write ‘Michael CRAIG’ or ‘CRAIG Michael.’

Stick to a Clean, Executive Style

Creative resumes are becoming somewhat more popular, but it’s still the safest bet to create a sleek, executive-style French resume. Use no more than two fonts and be very sparing with colors to achieve this classic look.

Include Language Skills

Be sure to include your language skills on your resume, listing English, French, and any other languages that you speak. Additionally, include a fluency level for each language, using the preferred scale for the country that you are hoping to work in. In France, the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) is the most widely used scale, although a different scale may be more appropriate for French Canada or other French-speaking countries around the world.

You can also include any language certificates that you’ve earned or language test results in this section.

Don’t Exaggerate Your French Language Skills

Be careful not to overestimate your French language skills, as your true level of fluency will likely become immediately apparent if a potential employer invites you to interview. That alone could be grounds for them not to hire you.

Have a Fluent French-Speaker Proofread Your Resume

Finally, be sure to have a fluent or native French-speaker check over your French resume for you to ensure that your spelling, grammar, and syntax are correct. While a French employer may forgive occasional errors in spoken language if you have indicated that you speak the language conversationally, there’s no reason to submit a written document with errors on it.

Key Takeaways

Writing a successful resume in French requires a bit more effort than simply translating your North American English resume to French. Instead, you will need to meet certain cultural expectations, such as including personal information, adding a headshot to your resume, following French customs for education details and date formats, and so forth. Plus, you’ll want to research specific resume expectations for the country or region where you are hoping to work, as they can differ from one French-speaking country to the next.

If you aren’t sure where to start with creating a sleek, polished French resume, consider using Jobseeker ’s resume builder tool and choose from our professional resume templates . You can switch all of your resume headers to French with the click of a button, input your details in French, add a photo, and select a crisp, executive style. Then download your resume instantly and get started applying for jobs in France or other French-speaking countries!

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How To Write a Resume In French To Get Your Dream Job In France

Knowing how to write a resume in French is crucial if you’re looking for a job in France.

As a French coach, I understand that it can feel daunting to write a resume in a language that’s not your mother tongue.

In this article, you’ll learn how to write a resume in French to impress the recruiters.

Let’s get started!

Want to get a job in France? Get your step-by-step guide on how to write an irresistible French application (resume and cover letter) easily from start to finish!

What you need to know before you write your French resume

Before you start writing your resume, also known as Curriculum Vitae (CV) in France , here are a few important things to keep in mind.

Tips on how to write your resume in French

• Start from scratch. Don’t just translate your resume into French, hoping this might do the trick. While you’ll of course use a lot of the content from your original resume, you’ll have to take into account other factors as you’ll discover in this article.
• Sell yourself wisely. There’s no point in bragging about your “incredible people skills” in your French CV. In France, recruiters like facts , so make sure your resume is straight to the point.
• Even though you’ll need an eye-catching resume to stand out from the crowd, don’t try to make your French resume creative at all costs unless you’re a graphic designer or someone working in a similar field. Instead, your French CV should be a blend of sober creativity and easy information to absorb.
• Ask a native French speaker to read your French resume . Trust me, even French people ask their friends to proofread their CV!

Formatting your French resume

When it comes to your resume layout, here are some rules to follow.

• Your French CV shouldn’t be more than 1 page (A4) , unless you have a long career behind you (and even then, it’s still best to be concise and target work experiences relevant to the job offer).
• Don’t mix more than 2 fonts and no more than 2-3 colors on your CV.
• Maintain the same spacing throughout your resume.
• Leave some empty white spaces. You don’t want your CV to feel too crowded. Make the reading experience as enjoyable as possible for the recruiter.

Now let’s see what you need to include in your French CV.

Personal information

A French resume tends to include more personal information , unlike in other countries where this kind of details might not be appropriate.

This Personal information section usually takes the form of a header where you’ll put the following items.

First name and last name (prénom et nom de famille)

Make sure to write your last name in CAPITAL. This is especially useful if you think the recruiter will have difficulties distinguishing between your first and last names.

Home address (adresse)

Ideally, this should be an address in France. So if you already live in France or if you know where you’ll be living in France, put down your French home address.

Phone number (numéro de téléphone)

Make sure to put your mobile phone number , not your landline number! Recruiters might call you at that number and you wouldn’t want someone else to answer for you.

Don’t forget to put your country code at the beginning of the number, especially if you have a foreign mobile phone number.

Email address (adresse e-mail)

Your email address should look professional! Don’t put something like “[email protected]” if you want to be taken seriously and get past the screening stage.

Putting your age on a CV is not mandatory, because it might be discriminatory. However it’s still highly recommended!

Write your age directly to avoid any frustration for the recruiter. Don’t put your birth date, so the recruiter doesn’t waste time calculating your age.

Include a photo of yourself at the top of your resume! 

While it might seem like a strange practice in your country, it’s highly encouraged in France.

Your picture will create a first connection with the recruiter who will be able to put a face to your name.

Make sure to use a good and professional picture of you (head and neck/shoulders only) facing the camera and smiling.

Do not put any picture that is not professional-looking. Images of you at the beach or at a party are forbidden. If you don’t have a good picture, then it’s better to not put any picture at all.

The recruiter needs to see at first glance that you are looking for a position that matches the job offer.

To do that, add a job title to your resume, relevant to the job offer you’re applying for. For example, if you’re looking for a job in a translation agency, you might write Traducteur Technique (Technical translator).

That’s all the personal info you need to put in this section!

• Don’t put your marital status in your CV! Even though you might read on the Internet that you should, this is outdated information. I’ve never put it on my own resume and French recruiters have never asked me about it!
• Same thing goes for your nationality! It’s not necessary because the recruiter will understand by reading your CV that you’re not a native French person anyways.

Work experience

In French, this section is called Expérience(s) professionnelle(s). You can use the singular or plural form, as you wish.

Write your work experiences relevant to the position you are applying for, from the most recent to the least recent.

For each work experience, you need to include:

• The job title
• The company’s name and location You can simply put the country the company is located in.
• The employment dates The month and year are enough, no need to put the exact date you started or left. You can choose to write it as MM/YYYY or to spell out the month in letters. For example: Janvier 2018
• A brief description of your responsibilities Make sure to use bullet points so it’s easy to read.

In this section, you can also write about your volunteer work, internship or military service if you don’t have a long career or are just fresh out of school.

Tip: If you already have some work experience, put this section before the Education section. If you’re looking for your first job or don’t have much experience yet, put the Work experience section after the Education section.

In French, this section is called Formation(s). You can use the singular or plural form, just make sure to be consistent with the title of your Work experience section.

Write down your relevant degrees, certificates and diplomas, from the most recent to the least recent.

For each degree, you need to include:

• The title of the degree
• The school name and location
• A brief description of relevant courses If you don’t have much work experience yet, you can use bullet points to list your most relevant courses to show the recruiter you have the right kind of training for the job! If you already have a full Work experience section, you can skip this step.

Every country has its own system of education and grading, so you need to be very careful and use the correct French equivalent (or one that is as close as possible) to ensure the French recruiter fully understands the level of education you have.

You should only list your education from your high school diploma onwards. In French, this diploma is known as the Baccalauréat (Baccalaureate), or Bac for short, an exam French students pass at the end of high school, usually around 18 years old.

If the position you’re applying for is for an entry-level job, you will usually be required to have the Bac or Bac +2, +3, +4, +5, +8 . Note that this is usually written on the job offer. Bac +(number) refers to the number of years you studied after you got your Bac .

Here’s a table of the different French education levels compared to countries such as the United Kingdom or the United States.

If you got your diploma or degree with honors, you can also mention it on your CV. Here are the equivalents in French.

Your skills on a French CV are usually divided into 2 sections: Langues (Languages skills) and Informatique (IT skills).

Languages skills

Rank your languages, from your mother tongue to your weakest language.

Make sure to name the language and your proficiency (be honest, the recruiter could check this out during your interview!).

For your mother tongue, write Langue maternelle.

For your other languages, you can indicate your level using A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2 if you’re familiar with the Common Reference Levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR).

If you prefer, you can also describe your level in one word .

• From Débutant (Beginner – Typically A1, A2)
• To Intermédiaire (Intermediate – Typically B1, B2)
• To Avancé (Advanced – Typically C1, C2).

If you have proof of your proficiency, like a certificate or an official qualification, you can also mention it here.

Choose the IT skills that are most relevant to the position you’re applying for.

List the software you know how to use and indicate your level by using a progress bar or a star rating system (where 1 star would be the lowest level and 5 stars would be the highest).

This section is called Centres d’intérêts and it’s the easiest part of your French CV!

Don’t skip it, as it shows your personality to the recruiter … and who knows? Maybe you’ll hit it off with the recruiter with shared hobbies!

Keep this section short: 2-3 hobbies are enough.

Include only hobbies that:

• Show you in your best light
• Showcase a specific ability that matches the job position
• Help you stand out from the crowd.

And be specific! For example, if you play a team sport (which unconsciously tells the recruiter you’re a team player), don’t just write Sport . What kind of sport? How long have you been playing?

Be honest as the recruiter might talk to you about your hobbies during your interview!

The bottom line

Now you know exactly how to write a resume in French.

You want to take it further? Get your step-by-step guide on how to write an irresistible French application (resume and cover letter) easily from start to finish!

Joanna is a native French speaker, born and raised near Paris. She's passionate about teaching you the French that really matters, so you can travel and live in France with confidence.

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Don’t Just Translate Your Resume! How to Structure and Write a French CV Like the Locals Do

If only there were some magical way to make job hunting less awful.

Especially for those of us looking for jobs in a foreign language .

Talk about stress!

Unfortunately, we don’t have a stress-reducing potion or a crystal ball to see into your future career .

But we do have something that’ll boost your confidence and put you in a much better position to land that dream job in a French-speaking city .

Our guide to writing a CV in French is exactly what you need to look professional, qualified and prepared for French office life .

We’ll show you how to structure a French CV , what type of vocabulary to use and what elements of your English resume should be left out .

It may not be magic, but it’ll help you levitate far above the competition.

Components of a Professional French Document

As you’ll see below, French CVs are highly structured documents with a range of style and formatting standards. So let’s take a quick look at some French vocabulary you’ll need to know when crafting professional documents in French.

These will also benefit you once you land a spot in a French office, so you’re not totally lost when trying to navigate Microsoft Word in French !

L’en-t ê te  (Header)

Les marges  (Margins)

Le b as de page  (Footer)

La a lin é a  (Indent)

Le formatage  (Formatting)

La police  (Font)

Gras  (Bold)

Italique  (Italics)

Souligner  (To underline)

La f euille de p apier  (Sheet of paper)

How to Write a Killer CV in French and Land That Dream Job

1. header and introduction.

Before getting into the body of your CV, you need a header, just like in English. This is the first impression that a prospective employer will have of you. You’ll find that the French header contains a lot more info than an English one.

Place your header in a column on the lefthand side of your CV. The information about you must fit in this column. You should include:

Nom — Name (When writing your name in French, be sure to capitalize your last name : Jane DOE.)

Adresse — Address

Num é ro de t é l é phone — Telephone number

C ourriel — Email

Nationalit é — Nationality

Date de naissance —  Date of birth (Remember that dates are flipped in Europe vs. the U.S. , so January 31, 2018 becomes “31 janvier 2018” or 31/01/2018. Also note how the months in French aren’t capitalized and there’s no comma separating the month from the year, like there would be in English.)

É tat civil —  Civil status (What the heck is civil status? This is where you put whether you’re married or single . As you can see, what would almost be considered an invasion of privacy in an English CV is common in the French version.)

Next to your header information on the righthand side of the CV, you should include a photo of yourself .

Like I mentioned before, you’ll include much more information on your French CV than you would on your English one. Accordingly, it’s important to place a headshot or other professional-quality photo of yourself in this space.

Here’s a fairly standard example of a French CV with a header and headshot , to give you an idea.

2. Professional Objective

Just as the header contains a lot of information, I find the body of French CVs to be much more detailed than CVs written in English.

You’ll start the body by stating a professional objective. Write it just under the header and photo. It should encapsulate what you’re looking for in a career.

This could be a big-picture goal, such as:

“ Cultiver une carrière professionnelle” — “Cultivate a professional career”

But it would be better to tailor it to the job you’re applying for :

“ Cultiver une carrière professionnelle dans l’ingénierie des systèmes de chauffage” —  “Cultivate a professional career in heating systems engineering”

It’s also common to write a (very brief) narrative about yourself and what you’re looking for in a job, under the heading  Profil (Profile). Here’s an example of a French CV that has a profil .

3. Educational Experience

In French, this section is called your Formation .

You basically put the same information as you would in English:

Name of the university where you studied

Mati è re principale — Major

Mati è re secondaire — Minor

Note moyenne — GPA

In a column on the right, put the time range. For example, if you’re still a student, you could put Septembre 2014 – e n cours , which would mean “September 2014 – ongoing.”

4. Non-professional Experiences

This is also similar to English CVs. Here’s where you put anything of interest that’s not work experience, such as research, projects, student groups, whatever. In my French CV I called this section Expérience de recherche  (Research Experience).

Other possible headings could be Volontariat  (Volunteering),  Groupes étudiantes  (Student Groups), etc. Be creative!

5. Professional Experiences

In your Expérience Professionelle  (Professional Experience) section, for each entry, you put:

Name of the Company

Two or three puces (bullet points) that summarize your work there.

Each entry in your work experience section must have phrases that begin with an infinitive verb .

For example:

“ Résumer l’ensemble des objectifs scientifiques pour la mission” — “ Summarize all the scientific objectives for the mission”

“ J’ai résumé l’ensemble des objectifs scientifiques pour la mission” — “ I summarized all the scientific objectives for the mission”

Here’s another example of the correct way to do it, which someone with teaching experience might use:

“ Maintenir une atmosphère scolastique dans la salle de classe” — “ Maintain a scholastic atmosphere in the classroom”

Finally, remember to put the dates in the right column. These experiences should be placed in chronological order from most to least recent .

If you want to see some stellar examples of professional experiences, check out the models here .

6. Technological and Linguistic Aptitudes

Below the work experience section it’s a good idea to add a section detailing your competences techniques  (technological aptitudes) and the langages (languages) you know.

Technological aptitudes can include Syst è mes d’exploitation (operating systems) with which you have experience, langages de programmation (programming languages) that you know and logiciels (software) that you can use.

Finally, when listing the languages you speak, make sure to put which language is your langue maternelle (native language) and put your levels for the others.

For example, if you speak a language well, put courant (normal, day-to-day use). If you’re just starting out, put notions (notions/ideas). If you’ve taken formal language tests such as an AP exam or DELF/DILF/DALF , make sure to mention the level you scored.

7. Pastimes

At the end of your CV it doesn’t hurt to discuss your pastimes, because this will tell your prospective employer a lot about your personality .

For example, in my case I have Tennis (Tennis), Ski (Skiing) and Randonn é e (Backpacking).

You can just put the activities in a list .

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Finding work in France or another French-speaking country could be the experience of a lifetime. But to make this happen, you have to start with a CV.

It should be noted that not all French CVs are exactly alike. Be that as it may, your CV should always have the detailed header information, a photo and formal, meticulous writing, as we described above.

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Meaning of "résumé" in the French dictionary

Pronunciation of résumé in french, grammatical category of résumé, what does résumé mean in french, definition of résumé in the french dictionary.

La définition de résumé dans le dictionnaire est présentation abrégée, orale ou écrite, qui rend compte de l'essentiel.

FRENCH WORDS THAT RHYME WITH RÉSUMÉ

French words that begin like résumé, french words that end like résumé, synonyms and antonyms of résumé in the french dictionary of synonyms, synonyms of «résumé» in french, antonyms of «résumé» in french, french words relating to «résumé», translation of «résumé» into 25 languages.

TRANSLATION OF RÉSUMÉ

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FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «RÉSUMÉ» OVER TIME

Examples of use in the french literature, quotes and news about résumé, 4 french quotes with «résumé», 10 french books relating to «résumé», 10 news items which include the term «résumé».

How to write a French CV

In living in paris , moving to paris.

So, you’re thinking of applying to jobs in France? Great! It’s time to get your CV ready . Depending on the job you are applying for, employers might ask for your résumé in English, French or both. You could directly translate the one you already have, but it is generally better to start from scratch , as there are certain differences in the content required. In this article, we will take you through the steps of creating an outstanding French résumé.

1. Structure your CV for French employers

Employers in France do not tend to value over-selling yourself . While a British or American résumé might talk about your ‘outstanding people skills’, French CVs tend to be more factual and to the point. Moreover, in France, résumés tend to contain more personal details , such as your nationality, date of birth, and marital status, whereas in many other countries this wouldn’t be appropriate.   Below is an example template to help you structure your résumé:  

And here is a summary of the content you will need to write in each section:  

In France, as with many other European countries, including a photo of yourself is encouraged . Add a passport sized, professional looking head-shot to the top of your CV.

Présentation

Put your name, date of birth, nationality and contact details in the first section of your résumé, in a clear list format. If you like, you can also include underneath a couple of sentences summarising your qualities, but this can also be saved for the cover letter of your application.

Summarise your education history from most recent to least. Include school names, qualifications, grades and dates. Make it as easy as possible for the employer to read over your application and find all the relevant information quickly.

Expérience professionnelle

Put down all of your professional experience from most recent to least. Include company names, dates and a brief description of your position and responsibilities within each job.

Compétences spécifiques

What skills do you have that would be useful in a work environment? Include information on your language skills, IT abilities, and any other qualifications you have.

Centres d’intérêts

Write a bit about you. What are your hobbies? What are some of your best personal or extra-curricular achievements? Mention some examples to show the employer that you are a well-rounded, interesting individual .  

2. Use the correct vocabulary

There are many useful translation sites that can be used if you’re stuck, such as this in depth list of résumé related vocabulary and example phrases .  

3. Find equivalent qualifications

Have you ever seen ‘Bac+3 required’ on a French job description and been completely confused? There is not only a language barrier to contend with here, but also an entirely different education system to navigate . When listing GCSEs or A levels, it is simplest just to write them as you would for an English résumé, but it’s still good to know in case you are asked. Below are some of the French equivalents to British qualifications.   Baccalauréat – A levels/ exams that allow you to apply to university BTS/ DUT/ IUT – 2 years after completing the Bac License or Bachelor – 3 years after completing the Bac, equivalent to most Undergraduate degrees Maîtrise/ Master – 5 years after completing the Bac, equivalent to most Master’s degrees Bac+(x) – The number (x) is equivalent to the years spent in education after achieving the Baccalaureate.

4. Include your nationality

Maybe you’re not fluent in French just yet, but you’ve still got a lot to bring to the table . Make sure your résumé includes your nationality and language skills. Write about how your international perspective could be an asset to the company. Many employers value language skills highly, so highlight those that you are fluent in, and include your level of French according to the CECRL language grades (A1 – C2).  

5. Check and check again

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If you enjoyed this article you might also be interested in our post: 5 tips for finding an internship in Paris .

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• Resume and Cover Letter
• Resume Spelling and Accent...

Resume Spelling and Accent Explained

8 min read · Updated on February 13, 2024

Resume, resumé, or résumé - which should you choose, and why?

We don't sit around thinking, “how do you spell the word resume?” That is, until we have to write or type it out. At that moment, we wonder, “what is the correct resume spelling?” Is it résumé, or resumé, or simply, resume? And, if I have to include the accent, how in the world do I do it on my computer?

No worries. In this post, we cover: 

Where the word resume comes from

Different spellings of the word resume in dictionaries

What common style guides have to say about accents

The most common resume spelling used

How to incorporate accents on computers and devices

Initial thoughts about the word “resume” and accents

The word “resume” is commonly used in the US and Canada, though outside of the US, a resume is often referred to as a CV. In the US, there's a verb with the exact same spelling that means to continue doing something after a break or pause.

Let's resume our resume discussion.

One argument for using the accent in the word “resume” is to help distinguish between the noun and the verb. Still, it's not common practice. That might be because many agree that accents are challenging to use when it comes to writing them out. 

Additionally, the English language rarely carries the accent over with words it borrows from other languages. For example, with the French term “derrière” and the Spanish word “cafetería,” the English language shamelessly uses these words spelled as is, minus the accent. Of course, there are rare instances where we do choose to use the accent, such as in the case of the pink wine, rosé. A reason for this is to distinguish it from the rose flower with the same spelling minus the accent. However, this is the exception vs. the norm, which you'll come to appreciate as we further discuss the best resume spelling to use.   

Where does the word resume come from?

The word “résumé” comes from the French word “résumer,” which means to summarize. Thanks to this meaning, we borrowed and applied the word “resume” to define a brief document that summarizes an individual's work history, education, and skills. 

What resume spelling is most common in dictionaries? 

Here's how various dictionaries show different resume spellings: 

Collins Dictionary : It uses the form résumé and lists resumé and resume, also, appearing to treat them all as equals.

Dictionary.com : It lists resume and also résumé. There's no mention of resumé.

Oxford Learner's Dictionary : Résumé is listed, as well as resumé and resume.

Merriam-Webster : The dictionary uses résumé or resume and refers to resumé as being less commonly used. 

Wiktionary : Resume, resumé and résumé are all indicated. 

American Heritage Dictionary : All three, resume, resumé, and résumé, are mentioned. 

Based on this evidence, it appears that dictionaries agree that resume and résumé are both correct spellings. In terms of resumé, some dictionaries list it, while others don't. As a whole, however, resumé is also an acceptable spelling of the word. 

What do common style guides have to say about resume spellings?

In the most recent version of the AP (Associated Press) Stylebook , they opened up some discretion in whether to use accents. In past versions, they advised against transmitting them from other languages and this is still preferred. So according to AP style, the preference is to use resume instead of résumé. 

The Chicago Manual of Style defers to the Merriam-Webster dictionary as to whether you should use accents or not. It tends to suggest you should use accents from borrowed words, so résumé over resume, though either could be used, since both versions are included in the dictionary.

Resume spellings: should you use resume, resumé, or résumé?

Now that we're clear that all three resume spellings are correct - resume, resumé, and résumé - which one should you use? Let's take a look at each one to decide.

Resumé

Resumé is the least favorable resume spelling. Why? Because it doesn't align with French or English conventions. As such, it's best to avoid using this spelling and move on to résumé and resume.

Résumé

This resume spelling that incorporates accents above each “e” is considered the most grammatically correct, since it aligns perfectly with the French version of the word. 

So, if you use this option - résumé - no one will turn up their noses about your spelling or grammar skills. When it's used, it also helps people to differentiate it from the verb resume and appears professional in certain settings, like academia. 

The downside to this version? When you use it, you could come across as pretentious, so, similar to resumé, it's generally best to ditch this option.

Resume is grammatically correct and the most commonly used resume spelling in Canada and the US, since the English language, as mentioned, doesn't tend to borrow or use accents of foreign words. So why rock the boat and use one of the other versions unless you have a clear reason to do so? 

Some additional benefits to this resume spelling version are:

It's practical and easier to type - no need to worry about shortcuts or tricks for adding accents

It looks more natural when writing in the US and Canada

Finally, the word “resume” is a common noun and should never be capitalized, regardless of the version used, unless it's at the beginning of a sentence.

How to type and spell résumé with accents

There are some reasons why you might want to use the résumé version of the word with accents:

If the employer asks you to send them your résumé. In this case, it's a good idea to model the same spelling of the word when you're interacting with prospective employers.

To be consistent if you've already used the version with accents in a communication with the employer.  For example, suppose you use the spelling “résumé” in your cover letter. In that case, you'd want to make sure you use the same spelling in other communications, like an email referencing your résumé.

If you're working in a professional or academic setting.  In these settings, using résumé with the accents isn't considered as pretentious and could be preferred in some instances.  

In these cases, you might be wondering how to type the accents for this version of the word. Here's a breakdown depending on what type of device or software you're using:

Using an Apple Mac computer: Press and hold the Option key and then press the “e” key. Release both of them and then press “e” again. 

Using a personal computer (Windows): Press the Alt key and hold it. Type 0233. 

On a cellphone: In most cases, if you hold down the “e” key, several options will be displayed with various types of accents you can choose from. 

In Google Docs: Click on “Insert” in the navigation and select “Special characters.” When the box pops up on screen, type “Latin” in the search box and select the e with the accent you need. 

In Word on a Mac: Hit the letter “e” and hold it down. When the pop up appears, select the accent you want. 

In Word on a PC: Hold down Ctrl and press the apostrophe (') key. Let up on both and hit “e” (Ctrl + ' e). 

In Outlook: Hold down Ctrl and press the apostrophe (') key. Let up on both and hit “e” (Ctrl + ' e).

Another option is to find the word “resume” with accents in a document or online and copy and paste it (or just the “e” with the accent you need). You can then format the “e” to align with the rest of your document. 

Here are the copy and paste shortcuts for Windows and a Mac:

Windows: Ctrl+Shift+V

Mac: Shift+Command+V

Resume spelling: key takeaways

The English borrowed and applied the French word, résumé, meaning “to summarize,” to define a brief document that summarizes an individual's suitability for a job

There are three resume spellings used: resume, resumé, and résumé

The least used resume spelling is “resumé,” and it should generally be avoided

“Résumé” is considered the most grammatically correct version, since it aligns with its French roots, though it isn't widely used

The most commonly used and accepted resume spelling is "resume," which is the standard choice in the US and Canada

The word “resume” is a common noun and shouldn't be capitalized unless it starts a sentence

And the resume spelling winner is: resume 

Though no one is going to balk too much if you use the resume spelling versions “resumé” and “résumé,” the standard and most practical option to use is “resume.” In terms of the job application process, what's most important is that you remain consistent. You obviously won't be including the word “resume” on your resume unless you're in a profession such as recruiting and human resources, where you review resumes as part of your job. However, you will likely be referring to your resume in email communications and your cover letter, so be consistent with the resume spelling version you choose. 

Do you have an interview-landing resume you're proud to submit? Why not submit it for a free resume review to be sure? 

Recommended reading:

Everything You Need to Know about Lying on Your Resume

How to Check if My Resume Is ATS-friendly for Free?

What Are the Best Fonts for a Resume?

Related Articles:

How to Maximize Your Resume Action Words to Wow the Employer

Ask Amanda: Do I Really Need a Cover Letter?

7 Signs Your Resume is Making You Look Old

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• Resume Tips

How to Spell “Resume” Correctly + Accent Usage

When you’re writing an application, you want to get every minor detail right. So, let’s start with the basics: How do you spell “resume” correctly? 

Chances are, you’ve seen a few variations of this noun. Don’t let the selection of options spook you. In the following guide, we will take a look at the right way to spell this word, how you can decide which option suits your needs, and when and where to use those pesky accents.

What does resume mean?

First up, let’s talk about the etymology of resume . It’s older than you might imagine. This French word — originally derived from the Latin — dates all the way back to 1804. The original definition of the word is "a summary, summing up, recapitulation”. However, it wasn’t used in direct connection with a person’s career until more than 100 years later, in the 1940s. 

Fast-forward to today, and the word resume is used for a document that sums up your work experience, skills, and expertise. When you are applying for jobs, the first step in the process is creating a stellar resume that helps you to stand out from other candidates. 

Why is it called a resume?

There are many words we could use to describe this document. So you might be wondering why “resume” took off. The reason is simple. If we look back at the original meaning of the word, it describes exactly what your resume should do . This one or two-page document is a summary of your professional experience to date as well as the talents and skills you have honed. 

How to spell resume in English

Understanding how to spell “resume” is a must when you are applying for jobs. You don't want to make any silly mistakes that will impact your chances of landing a job interview. The basic spelling of the word is what we are using throughout this guide: resume. 

Resume vs. resume: What is the difference?

The word “resume” is a homonym. That means that it is spelled the same way as a different word that has a different meaning. Here are the two versions of “resume” that you might have come across, according to Oxford Languages : 

Resume (verb) —“begin again or continue after a pause or interruption”

Resume (noun) — ”a brief account of a person's education, qualifications, and previous occupations, typically sent with a job application; a CV”

The spelling is relatively straightforward. However, some confusion comes into play when it comes to the accents. Since the word comes from the French language, it has accents in it. Some people disagree about whether you should use accents over the “e” letters or not. 

How to spell resume with accents

With that in mind, let’s take a look at the three possible spellings of the word. Here’s a breakdown of how you might use the accents in your spelling: 

“Resume” . Clean and simple spelling without any accents at all. This is the spelling that you likely see most often. While many people do use the accents, it has become more popular to omit them completely. This also helps when it comes to readability.

“Résumé”. This is the French spelling of the word “resume” and is technically the version that is grammatically correct. Since North America has borrowed the word from French, this spelling pays homage to the origins of the noun. 

“Resumé”. Can’t decide between the two options? Some candidates choose to use the “resumé” spelling instead. This version of the word toes the line between the two spellings that we have already covered above. 

You won’t get penalized for using any of the above spellings of resume. The truth is that the jury’s still out on which one is correct. When you look at the dictionary spellings of this word, you will find that there are major differences, depending on which you happen to consult. 

Both the Oxford Advanced American Dictionary and Merriam Webster’s Dictionary agree that all three versions of “resume” can be used. That means that you can use the three spellings interchangeably. However, it's worth noting that the Cambridge Dictionary only lists the “resume” and “résumé” spellings of this word, completely ignoring the less popular “resumé” option.

Does it matter how you spell resume?

The short answer is… maybe. When you are looking for a new role , you want to put yourself in the best possible position. That means making sure that you dot the i's and cross the t's. When the hiring manager looks at your resume, you don’t want to give them any reason to reject it. 

While the spelling of the word resume is unlikely to disqualify you from a position, it may tell the hiring manager what type of candidate you are. For example, using the formal “résumé” could suggest that you are an academic or extremely professional applicant. With that in mind, you may want to save this spelling for applications that demand this type of approach specifically. 

When you are opting for more modern roles, it could be better to use the standard “resume” spelling. This option looks more contemporary and has the bonus of being easy to read on the page. Whenever you are creating an application , you need to ensure it’s easy to scan. Choosing this particular option may be the right way to go if you want to win over the hiring manager. 

The choice is 100% yours! 

While we have offered some guidance on which spelling of “resume” to use here, it’s important to remember that the choice is ultimately yours. Consider how you want to position yourself as a candidate and what version works best for your upcoming applications. 

Tips on choosing the correct spelling 

Not sure which version of “resume” to use on your next application? If you are finding it hard to make your decision, here are some tips you can use to help you along the way. 

Check the job advert. If in doubt, you should always go back to the original job advert. What form of the word “resume” does the poster use? You can cleverly align yourself with the employer by using the same spelling that they prefer. 

Consider your status. As we have covered above, the various spellings of “resume” may say different things about your level of professionalism. When you are trying to decide which to choose, think about what you want to tell the reader about yourself. 

If in doubt, use “resume”. If you are not certain which one is right for your application, we recommend using “resume” as standard. This version of the noun is becoming more popular, and will in no way put employers off when they look at your document.

What can replace “resume”?

When applying for jobs in the United States , “resume” is the word that we use for this standard document. However, there are two exceptions that you need to be aware of.

The first is if you are writing an academic application, for a programme or scholarship. In this instance, you might use a “curriculum vitae” — or a CV, for short. 

Similarly, if you are applying for jobs in Europe, you may also choose to use the CV acronym. CV is the more common name for “resume” when you are dealing with these countries. 

The takeaway 

In summary, there are three different ways you can spell this word and which you choose will depend on a few circumstances. If you’re writing a standard application and don’t want to cause any confusion, it’s smart to use the simplified form of the word, which is “resume”.  

Ready to start applying for jobs! Make sure your resume hits the mark by using our free resume review from our team of trusted experts today. If you want to get ahead of the competition and get hired faster than ever before, this tool is the key to your success. 

Recommended reading: 

ATS Resume Test: Free ATS Checker & Formatting Examples (2024)

The 3 Best Resume Formats

10 Tips To Get Your Resume Past The ATS Scans

Charlotte Grainger, Editor & Content Writer, Charlotte Grainger, Editor & Content Writer

Charlotte Grainger is a freelance writer living and working in Sheffield, UK. She has a passion for career development and loves sharing tips and advice. Follow her on Twitter

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The Meaning of Resume: What It Is and How To Use It

How is the word resume used as a noun and a verb? This article will define the meaning of resume and show you how to add it to your vocabulary.

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You might have heard two pronunciations of resume. What is the difference between these two words? This article will teach you how to use the word resume as both a verb and a noun and provide a plethora of additional information about the word resume. 

What Does Resume Mean?

According to Dictionary , resume can be used as a noun and a verb. As a noun, a resume is a short descriptive summary of work experience, education , and training that a person will submit with a job application. Some resumes are specific to certain fields or applications, and others are used as a more general summary.

As a verb, to resume something means to continue. The verb resume can be used in several contexts, including practicing again, taking back, or beginning again after an interruption. 

The pronunciation of resume is ˈrɛzjʊˌmeɪ when it is used as a noun and rɪˈzjuːm when it is a verb. As a noun, resume is three syllables: re-su-me. As a verb, resume is two syllables: re-sume.

What Is the Etymology of the Word Resume?

Dictionary states that the word resume came about in the late 1300s and early 1400s as the Late Middle English resumen . This comes from the French résumé, the past participle of résumer . 

Therefore, this word comes from the Middle French resumer and the Latin resumere or sumere .

How Can Resume Be Used in a Sentence?

Since resume can be both a noun and a verb, it is important to understand how to incorporate these different parts of speech into your speech and writing. When looking at the below example sentences containing the word resume, see if you can identify which sentences use resume as a noun and which sentences use resume as a verb.

Example #1: Submitting a Resume

She submitted her resume and cover letter with her job application and eagerly awaited to hear back from the hiring manager.

Example #2: Resuming a Meeting

After the lunch break, we were set to resume our meetings about the new product. However, the fire alarm interrupted us further, and everyone went home for the day.

Example #3: What to Include on a Resume

He included a brief account of his work experience and a list of accomplishments under each job title on his resume.

Example #4: Resuming Your Seat

The energetic young boy had trouble resuming his seat after recess and continued bouncing off the walls as the afternoon went on.

What Are Synonyms of Resume?

If you are using the word resume in writing, it can be confusing because both forms of the word resume are spelled the same way. While resume and resume have different pronunciations, you cannot tell the difference if you see them side by side.

In this case, it is good to use a synonym of resume like one of the ones listed below from Power Thesaurus . Then, you can be clear about which form of resume you intend to use!

• assume again
• become involved in
• begin again
• carry on with
• come back to
• continue with
• convene again
• curriculum vitae
• gather again
• life history
• re-executing
• recapitulate
• recapitulation
• recommencement
• reestablish
• reinstitute
• reinvigorate
• reset action
• start again
• summarizing
• take up again

What Are Antonyms of Resume?

Several words mean the opposite of resume, which are listed below from Power Thesaurus . These words are called antonyms and are the antithesis of the word resume:

• abstain from
• bring to an end
• call a halt to
• come to a stop
• desist from
• discontinue

The definition of resume ( rɪˈzum/ˈrɛzjʊˌmeɪ ) is twofold. First, resume can be used as a verb meaning to start back up again or continue. Second, resume can be used as a noun to refer to a document containing a list of one’s work experience.

• Resume synonyms – 677 Words and Phrases for Resume | Power Thesaurus 
• Resume antonyms – 116 Opposites of Resume | Power Thesaurus 
• Resume Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com  
• Resume | Nice Translator 

Kevin Miller is a growth marketer with an extensive background in Search Engine Optimization, paid acquisition and email marketing. He is also an online editor and writer based out of Los Angeles, CA. He studied at Georgetown University, worked at Google and became infatuated with English Grammar and for years has been diving into the language, demystifying the do's and don'ts for all who share the same passion! He can be found online here.

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