claim definition for essay

What Is a Claim in an Essay? Read This Before Writing

What is a claim in an essay?

In this article, you’ll find the essay claim definition, characteristics, types, and examples. Let’s learn where to use claims and how to write them.

Get ready for up-to-date and practical information only!

What Is a Claim in Writing?

A claim is the core argument defining an essay’s goal and direction. (1) It’s assertive, debatable, and supported by evidence. Also, it is complex, specific, and detailed.

Also known as a thesis, a claim is a little different from statements and opinions. Keep reading to reveal the nuances.

Claims vs. statements vs. opinions

Where to use claims.

To answer the “What is claim in writing?”, it’s critical to understand that this definition isn’t only for high school or college essays. Below are the types of writing with claims:

• Argumentative articles. Consider a controversial issue, proving it with evidence throughout your paper.
• Literary analysis. Build a claim about a book , and use evidence from it to support your claim.
• Research papers. Present a hypothesis and provide evidence to confirm or refute it.
• Speeches. State a claim and persuade the audience that you’re right.
• Persuasive essays and memos. State a thesis and use fact-based evidence to back it up..

What can you use as evidence in essays?

• Facts and other data from relevant and respectful resources (no Wikipedia or other sources like this)
• Primary research
• Secondary research (science magazines’ articles, literature reviews, etc.)
• Personal observation
• Expert quotes (opinions)
• Info from expert interviews

How to Write a Claim in Essays

Two points to consider when making a claim in a college paper:

First, remember that a claim may have counterarguments. You’ll need to respond to them to make your argument stronger. Use transition words like “despite,” “yet,” “although,” and others to show those counterclaims.

Second, good claims are more complex than simple “I’m right” statements. Be ready to explain your claim, answering the “So what?” question.

And now, to details:

Types of claims in an essay (2)

Writing a claim: details to consider.

What makes a good claim? Three characteristics (3):

• It’s assertive. (You have a strong position about a topic.)
• It’s specific. (Your assertion is as precise as possible.)
• It’s provable. (You can prove your position with evidence.)

When writing a claim, avoid generalizations, questions, and cliches. Also, don’t state the obvious.

• Poor claim: Pollution is bad for the environment.
• Good claim: At least 25% of the federal budget should be spent upgrading businesses to clean technologies and researching renewable energy sources to control or cut pollution.

How to start a claim in an essay?

Answer the essay prompt. Use an active voice when writing a claim for readers to understand your point. Here is the basic formula:

When writing, avoid:

• First-person statements
• Emotional appeal
• Cluttering your claim with several ideas; focus on one instead

How long should a claim be in an essay?

1-2 sentences. A claim is your essay’s thesis: Write it in the first paragraph (intro), presenting a topic and your position about it.

Examples of Claims

Below are a few claim examples depending on the type. I asked our expert writers to provide some for you to better understand how to write it.

Feel free to use them for inspiration, or don’t hesitate to “steal” if they appear relevant to your essay topic. Also, remember that you can always ask our writers to assist with a claim for your papers.

Final Words

Now that you know what is a claim in an essay, I hope you don’t find it super challenging to write anymore. It’s like writing a thesis statement; make it assertive, specific, and provable.

If you still have questions or doubts, ask Writing-Help writers for support. They’ll help you build an A-worthy claim for an essay.

References:

• https://www.pvcc.edu/files/making_a_claim.pdf
• https://lsa.umich.edu/content/dam/sweetland-assets/sweetland-documents/teachingresources/TeachingArgumentation/Supplement2_%20SixCommonTypesofClaim.pdf  
• https://students.tippie.uiowa.edu/sites/students.tippie.uiowa.edu/files/2022-05/effective_claims.pdf
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What is a claim?

A claim is a statement that presents an idea or series of ideas as arguments. Arguments therefore consist of claims, or another way to put it is, to say that claims are the building blocks of a good argument.

In research writing, claims will be the backbone that form a thesis or a hypothesis (here the term ‘hypothesis’ refers to the argument that is evidenced within the scope of the work).

According to Heady (2013) “Claims are the points you want to prove, interpretations you want to offer, and assertions you want to make” (p. 74). Importantly, in academia claims are statements that can be supported by evidence.

‘Traditional classroom teaching is boring’

For example, claiming that traditional classroom teaching is boring is not a good claim because it lacks definition (what does ‘traditional classroom teaching’ actually mean? and how do we measure ‘boring’)? It may also be a ‘sweeping statement’ (meaning it’s far too general in scope). However, claiming that “traditional teaching methods, like didactic instruction, do not provide sufficient interaction with students and lead to poor learning outcomes” is a good argumentative claim, because it can be investigated and measured.

Characteristics of a good claim

In order to make effective claims it is important to understand the difference between statements  and  sentences. While a statement is also a sentence (in that it is a grammatical unit with subject, verb, object clause), not all sentences are statements (in other words, not all sentences consist of a stance or a position).

The following provides examples of the difference between sentences and statements. The statements present a stance or position about the topic under discussion. This is important to understand as all claims must consist of a stance towards the topic.

Function of claims

The function of claims in academic writing is to provoke, analyse, or interpret rather than merely describe or present facts. They can do this by affirming, acknowledging, confirming, or refuting the proposition being made. In this way, claims do the job of building an overall argument or thesis in a piece of work (i.e. each claim progresses the key argument). It is for this reason that claims will appear in topic sentences, thesis statements, introductory and concluding sentences/paragraphs.

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Claim Definition

A statement essentially arguable, but used as a primary point to support or prove an argument is called a claim. If somebody gives an argument to support his position, it is called “making a claim.” Different reasons are usually presented to prove why a certain point should be accepted as logical. A general model is given below to explain the steps followed in making a claim:

Premise 1 Premise 2 Premise 3 … Premise N Therefore, Conclusion

In this model, the symbol and the dots before it signify that the number of premises used for proving an argument may vary. The word “therefore” shows that the conclusion will be restating the main argument, which was being supported all the way through.

With the help of a claim, one can express a particular stance on an issue that is controversial, so as to verify it as a logically sound idea. In case of a complex idea, it is always wise to start by classifying the statements you are about to put forward. Many times, the claims you make stay unnoticed because of the complex sentence structure; specifically, where the claims and their grounds are intertwined. However, a rhetorical performance, such as a speech or an essay , is typically made up of a single central claim, and most of the content contains several supporting arguments for that central claim.

Types of Claim

There are many types of claim used in literature, and all of them have their own significance. The type that we will be discussing here has great importance in writing and reading about literature because it is used frequently to build arguments. It is called evaluative claim .

Evaluative claims involve the assessment or judgment of the ideas in the original piece. They have been divided further into two types: ethical judgment and aesthetic judgment. As the name implies, aesthetic judgment revolves around deciding whether or not a piece of writing fulfills artistic standards.

You can easily find evaluative claim examples in book reviews. This type is about assessing an argument, or the entire essay on ethical, social, political, and philosophical grounds, and determining whether an idea is wise, good, commendable, and valid. The evaluative and interpretive claims typically consist of well-versed viewpoints. Where interpretive claims strive to explain or clarify the views communicated in and by the text, evaluative claims study the validity of those views by drawing comparison between them and the writer’s own opinions.

Claim Examples

Interpretive claims, example #1: animal farm (by george orwell).

The great thing about Animal Farm by George Orwell is that it has presented all animals equal in the eyes of the laws framed by them. They framed Ten Commandments when they expelled Mr. Jones from Manor Farm, and this rule, “ All animals are equal ,” became a shibboleth for them.

This interpretive claim presents an argument about the exploration of the meanings, and the evidence that is given within quotation marks has been interpreted as well.

Similarly, “To be or not to be…” is an evidence of the excessive thinking of Prince Hamlet in the play Hamlet , written by William Shakespeare . If a person interprets the play, he has evidence to support his claim. Papers on literary analysis are treasure troves of examples of claim.

Evaluative Claims

Example #2: animal farm (by george orwell).

As the majority of the animals were in the process of framing rules, it was understood that, although rats and several other animals were not present, whatsoever had four legs is an animal, and therefore is equal to any other animal. Hence, a general rule was framed that whatever walks on four legs is good. Later on, birds (having two wings and two legs) and other non-four-legged animals were also considered as animals. Therefore, all are equal.

Now this argument clearly shows the judgment given at the end, but it is after evaluation of the whole situation presented in the novel . This is called evaluative claim.

Function of Claim

The role of claims in writing any narrative or script is essential. If used correctly, they can strengthen the argument of your standpoint. The distinction between different types of claim can be highly confusing, and sometimes complicated. For instance, a composition that claims that Vogel’s play gives out a socially and ethically impolite message about abuse, can also assert that the play is aesthetically flawed. A composition that goes on developing and advocating an interpretive claim about another script shows that it at least deserves philosophical or aesthetical interpretation. On the other hand, developing an evaluative claim about a composition always remains in need of a certain level of interpretation.

Hence, the dissimilarities are subtle, and can only be identified after close and profound observation; but all things considered, they are important. Thus, lest it is suggested you do otherwise, you must always leave the evaluative claims for conclusions, and make your essay an interpretive claim.

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What Is a Claim in an Essay? Unpacking the Core Element with Writing Tips

Picture yourself as a captain steering your ship, a.k.a. your essay, across a wild ocean of ideas. Your secret weapon? The claim. It’s not just some fancy statement – it’s the backbone of your essay, the big point you’re itching to make and stand by.

Getting the hang of crafting a killer claim is like hitting the jackpot for any essay writer. It sets the mood, points the way, and basically makes or breaks your essay. So, let’s dive deep into what makes a claim tick.

What’s a Claim, Anyway?

Think of a claim as your essay’s thesis or main argument. It’s way more than an opinion. It’s a bold, assertive statement that lays down the foundation of your argument. Depending on your essay’s vibe, claims can come in different flavors:

• Factual claims ─ The straight-up truths, like “The Earth does its dance around the Sun.”
• Definitional claims ─ The “what’s what” of things, like “Genetically modified munchies can totally be called organic.”
• Cause and effect claims ─ The “this led to that” stuff, like “Scrolling through Insta all day shoots up anxiety in teens.”
• Value claims ─ Your judgment call, like “Free speech is the lifeblood of democracy, no question.”
• Policy claims ─ The “let’s shake things up” kind, like “Making buses free could clear up city smog.”

Figuring out your type of claim is like choosing the right gear before setting off on an essay adventure.

Building a Rock-Solid Claim

A solid claim is like a good cup of coffee – clear, strong, specific, and just what you need:

• Clear as day ─ It’s got to be easy to get, no beating around the bush.
• Open for debate ─ A tasty claim gets people talking, not just nodding along.
• Specific ─ It zeros in on your essay’s heart, with no wandering off.
• Relevant ─ It’s got to jive with your essay’s main jam.

Cooking Up a Strong Claim

Crafting a top-notch claim? It’s like making a masterpiece. Start broad, then get down to the nitty-gritty:

• Brainstorm central ─ Kick off by throwing ideas around. Ask questions, scribble thoughts, and play with different angles.
• Idea filter ─ Sift through your thoughts, and pick the ones that have that zing of debate.
• Wordplay ─ Your choice of words and tone is key. Be bold, but keep it in line with your essay’s style .
• Learning by example ─ Check out strong and weak claims to see what makes or breaks them.

Rooting Your Claim with Evidence

Your claim needs roots, like a tree. That’s your evidence – the stuff that makes your claim stand up tall:

• Back it up ─ Throw in facts, stats, expert say-so, and real-life tales to beef up your claim.
• Keep It balanced ─ Your evidence should be like a good sidekick – supportive but not stealing the spotlight.
• Counterpunch ─ Tackle the naysayers head-on. It shows you’ve done your homework and you’re not afraid of a little debate.

Claims in Different Essay Worlds

Your claim shifts gears depending on your essay type:

• Analytical essays ─ Here, you’re dissecting stuff like books or historical events to dig out hidden treasures.
• Argumentative essays ─ You’re taking a stand on a hot-button issue, backed by evidence that packs a punch.
• Expository essays ─ You’re the explainer, shining a light on concepts, often with a “here’s the 411” vibe.

Watch Out for These Slip-Ups

Even seasoned essay sailors can hit rough waters:

• Overgeneralizing ─ Steers clear of claims that are too broad. Specific is terrific.
• Evidence MIA ─ Don’t leave your claims hanging without backup. That’s just asking for trouble.
• Going in circles ─ Don’t use your claim to prove your claim. That’s like saying, “It’s true because I say so.”

Fine-tuning Your Claim Crafting a Claim Can Be a Trial-and-error Deal

• Draft city ─ Play around with different versions. Mix and match perspectives and wording.
• Revise for impact ─ Get feedback, then tweak and polish your claim until it shines.
• Open ears ─ Good feedback can turn a decent claim into a showstopper. Embrace it.

The Bottom Line

A well-crafted claim is like the heart of your essay, pumping life and direction into your arguments. Getting good at building strong claims is a game-changer for essay writing. Practice, pay attention to the details, and you’ll be churning out claims that grip your readers and don’t let go. And hey, if you hit a wall, remember there’s help out there – like  custom essay writing services – ready to give you a leg up. Keep at it, and you’ll be the master of claims in no time!

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Table of Contents Hide

What is a claim in writing, claim of fact, claim of value, claim of policy, types of writing with claims, examples of claims in writing, what is the difference between claims, opinions and facts, why do we use claims in writing, what is a counterclaim in writing, faqs on claim in writing, we also recommend.

When it comes to writing, making a claim is a crucial aspect of building a strong argument. But what exactly is a claim? Essentially, a claim is a statement that asserts a particular point or position on a specific topic. Claims serve as the foundation for persuasive writing and are essential for effectively making your case to your audience.

Understanding the different types of claims and how to effectively use them can greatly enhance the persuasiveness of your writing. Whether you are writing an essay, a research paper, or a persuasive speech, knowing how to craft strong claims is key to convincing your audience of your point of view.

In this article, we will explore the definition of a claim in writing, the various types of claims you can make, and provide examples to help you better understand how claims function in different contexts. By mastering the art of making compelling claims, you can elevate the quality of your writing and make a more convincing argument every time.

A claim in writing is the core argument defining an essay’s goal and direction. It’s assertive, debatable, and supported by evidence. Also, it is complex, specific, and detailed.

Think of a claim as a specific, debatable statement you, the writer, intend to prove or support. It’s the central argument in your essay, the core message of your blog post , and the foundation of your persuasive pitch. Unlike opinions, which are subjective beliefs without the burden of proof, claims demand justification. They’re the battle cry, the call to action, inviting your reader to join you on a quest for understanding and agreement.

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What Are The Types Of Claims In Writing?

There are three types of claims:  claims of fact, claims of value, and claims of policy . Each type of claim focuses on a different aspect of a topic. To best participate in an argument, it is beneficial to understand the type of claim that is being argued.

A claim of fact declares the existence, current presence, or future occurrence of something measurable. The core issue within a factual claim revolves around the reasonableness of the stated fact. To put it differently, a claim of fact engages in a discussion about the accuracy or inaccuracy, validity or invalidity, truth or falsehood of the statement. When making such assertions, our reasoning typically progresses from the known to the unknown. Claims of fact also center on examining cause-and-effect relationships.

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A claim of value makes qualitative assessments of people, things, and events in one’s surroundings on a good-to-bad continuum. You have made a valuable claim if you formulate an opinion that says something is good, terrible, or superior to another. Claims of worth include things like “Indian food is the best food of all,” “The Wizard of Oz is the greatest movie of all time,” and “Snowboarding is the greatest way to spend a vacation.”

A claim of policy makes the assertion that someone should or shouldn’t do a certain action. It suggests that a certain course of action ought to be followed, however, it’s not a given that it will. The conditional verb “should,” which indicates that a certain action ought to be taken but not that it must or will be taken, is crucial when making a claim about policy. For example, “Students should read the assigned text material before the instructor lectures on it,” or “The United States should send a manned expedition to Mars.”

Here’s a list of the types of writing with claims:

• Argumentative articles.  Consider a controversial issue, proving it with evidence throughout your paper.
• Literary analysis.  Build a claim about a book, and use evidence from it to support your claim.
• Research papers.  Present a hypothesis and provide evidence to confirm or refute it.
• Speeches.  State a claim and persuade the audience that you’re right.
• Persuasive essays and memos.  State a thesis and use fact-based evidence to back it up..

What can you use as evidence in essays?

• Facts and other data from relevant and respectful resources (no Wikipedia or other sources like this)
• Primary research
• Secondary research (science magazines’ articles, literature reviews, etc.)
• Personal observation
• Expert quotes (opinions)
• Info from expert interviews

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Here’s a rundown of examples of claims based on types:

Here’s how claims differentiate themselves from their close cousins:

• Opinions:  These are personal beliefs, unsupported by evidence. Saying “Pizza is the best food ever” is an opinion, not a claim.
• Facts:  These are verifiable truths, independent of interpretation. “The Earth revolves around the Sun” is a fact, not a claim.
• Claims:  These are debatable propositions that require evidence to be convincing. “Eating spicy food boosts metabolism” is a claim, as it needs proof to be accepted.

All forms of writing rely on claims to maintain the interest of the reader, give characters more nuance and depth, and convey the author’s own viewpoint on the issues covered.

The objective of a claim in writing is to persuade the reader of anything. Claims drive the reader towards a specific solution, even when they may not agree with the author’s statement at first or may need more information to come to their own opinion. If a reader already concurs with an author’s assertion, the material offered just strengthens and validates the reader’s position.

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When someone presents an alternative argument to your claim, that is a counterclaim. Another word for a counterclaim is a rebuttal. When someone presents a counterclaim, they are making a claim of their own. It will be up to them to state their counterclaim, and then seek to back it up with evidence (just as you did when making the initial claim).

A claim is a statement that asserts a particular stance or viewpoint, while an opinion is a subjective expression of personal beliefs or preferences.

Make your claims more persuasive by providing clear evidence, avoiding overgeneralization, and addressing potential counterarguments.

Writers should be cautious when making claims without sufficient evidence or in areas where the topic is highly subjective and lacks objectivity.

It depends on the nature of the evidence and the claims. In some cases, a well-supported piece of evidence may contribute to multiple related claims.

Claims in writing showcase the diverse ways in which writers express their perspectives and influence their audience. Whether rooted in facts, values, or policies, claims form the bedrock of effective communication. Crafting and evaluating claims require a thoughtful approach, ensuring that writers engage their readers with clarity, evidence, and nuance.

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A claim is a type of argumentative thesis – we usually call it a claim when it is being used in a persuasive essay. Claims need to be defended by you with logical, persuasive reasoning. Claims can also be challenged.

The most common types of claims are

• claims of policy (we must do something!),
• claims of value (this is good! or this is bad!),
• claims of definition (this is what it is)
• claims of cause/effect (X has caused Y or X will cause Y)

A Guide to Rhetoric, Genre, and Success in First-Year Writing by Melanie Gagich & Emilie Zickel is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Table of Contents

Ai, ethics & human agency, collaboration, information literacy, writing process.

Learn how to use logical reasoning methods when making a claim.

What is a Claim?

Claims are assertions , arguments, and conclusions about something. For instance, claims can be about definitions, causes and effects, claims of fact, or policies. A claim may me a macro-claim —i.e., a major claim that informs an entire text . Or a claim may be a micro-claim —a subclaim attached to a larger claim. Logical reasoning may require proof of a number of smaller claims to reach a larger claim.

Key Concepts: Argument ; Toulmin Heuristic; Organizational Scenario; Direct

Types of Claims

In written discourse , writers, speakers, and knowledge workers . . . engage in rhetorical reasoning and rhetorical analysis so that they know how to best craft claims for particular rhetorical situations . Claims , like rhetorical situations , may be nuanced and complex. Examples of typical types of claim include the following.

Cause & Effects

Example: “Learning to write well helps people achieve financial independence.”

Claims of Fact

Example: “U.S. literacy levels are ranked #13 in the world, after countries like Japan, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, according to the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies .”

Definitions

Example: “Literacy is ‘the ability to use printed and written information to function in society, to achieve one’s goals, and to develop one’s knowledge and potential’ ( National Center for Education Statistics ).”

Example: “Students should be given opportunities to write frequently and receive critical feedback.”

Example: “Learning to write well is the best way to prepare people for future challenges.”

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How to Write an Effective Claim (with Examples)

Formulating a claim for your essay can be difficult even if you are already a masterful debater — especially if you are not quite sure what a claim is, and how it may differ from a counterclaim or thesis statement. This guide will make it easy to decide on your claim!

Essay Claim Basics

In essay writing, a claim can most succinctly be defined as "a debatable statement" — which the writer then defends with supporting evidence and rhetoric. It is easy to confuse a claim and a thesis statement, because the thesis is indeed a type of claim as well. Essays can contain further claims that orbit the topic of the thesis statement, however.

Claims straddle the line between opinion and fact. If you're hoping to make a strong claim that seamlessly fits into a powerful essay, you will need to make sure that your claim ticks the right boxes:

• Your claim can debated — solid arguments can be made both in favor and against. Therefore, statements such as "I live in Queens" or "Joe Biden is the President" are not claims. In an argumentative essay, "the death penalty should be abolished" is an example of a claim. Even scientific papers make claims, such as "Keyboards contain more germs than toilet seats", which can be tested. These are called hypotheses.
• You will state your claim as a matter of fact. "Many people oppose the death penalty, and with good reason" is not a good claim, but "the death penalty is no longer an appropriate punishment in modern America" can be.
• Your claim is sufficiently specific to allow you to explore all aspects that you intend to tackle. "The Victorian era was Britain's darkest era" give you more bite than you can comfortably chew. "Fast food should be taxed to reduce obesity rates" is more specific.

Types of Claim (With Examples!)

Claims are debatable statements, but there are numerous different types. If you have specifically been asked to present a claim in an essay, you may be able to choose what kind of claim you would like to work with.

1. Claim of Fact or Definition

In research essays, a claim of fact or definition is one that defines a fact, as you see it, and proceeds to lay out the evidence in favor of the claim. Here are some examples to show you how it works:

• Plant species are becoming extinct at a faster rate than animal species, yet the plight of plants has been overlooked.
• Amazon's Alexa has revolutionized many people's daily lives — but this appliance also makes us vulnerable to new forms of hacking.
• Commercial air travel transformed the way in which we do business.

2. Claim of Cause & Effect

In a claim of cause and effect, you argue that one thing causes another, such as:

• Internet gaming has a widespread negative effect on students' grades.
• Lax enforcement of preventative measures against Covid has enabled the pandemic to continue for much longer than it need have.
• Playing jigsaw puzzles leads to novel cognitive connections that help senior citizens stay sharp.

3. Claim of Value

Claims of value are more heavily opinion-based than other types of claims. If you are making a claim of value, you will usually want to compare two things. For example:

• George W Bush was a better President than George W H Bush.
• Emotional health is just as important as physical health.
• Stephen King is the best horror writer of al time.

4. Claim of Solution or Policy

Claims of solution or policy state a position on a proposed course of action. In high school and college essays, they typically focus on something that should be done, or something that should no longer be done. Examples might include:

• Depressed patients should always be offered talk therapy before they receive a prescription for antidepressants.
• The United States should not accept refugees from Afghanistan.
• First-time offenders should be given lighter sentences.

Claim vs. Counterclaim vs. Thesis Statement

If you've been told to make an essay claim, you may be confused about the differences between a claim, counterclaim, and thesis statement. That's understandable, because some people believe that there's no difference between a claim and a thesis statement.

There are important distinctions between these three concepts, however, and if you want to write a killer essay, it's important to be aware of them:

• A thesis statement is the very foundation of your essay — everything else rests on it. The thesis statement should contain no more than one or two sentences, and summarize the heart of your argument. "Regular exercise has consistently been shown to increase productivity in the workplace. Therefore, employers should offer office workers, who would otherwise be largely sedentary, opportunities to work out."
• A claim is a statement you can defend with arguments and evidence. A thesis statement is a type of claim, but you'll want to include other claims that fit neatly into the subject matter as well. For instance, "Employers should establish gyms for employees."
• A counterclaim is a statement that contradicts, refutes, or opposes a claim. Why would you want to argue against yourself? You can do so to show that arguments that oppose the claim are weak. For instance, "Many employers would balk at the idea of facilitating costly exercise classes or providing a gym space — employees can work out in their own time, after all. Why should the boss pay for workers to engage in recreational activities at work? Recent studies have shown, however, that workplaces that have incorporated aerobics classes enjoy 120% increase in productivity, showing that this step serves the bottom line."

Together, a thesis statement, claims, and some well-placed counterclaims make up the threads of your story, leading to a coherent essay that is interesting to read.

How to Write an Effective Claim

Now that you've seen some examples, you are well on your way to writing an effective claim for your essay. Need some extra tips? We've got you covered.

First things first — how do you start a claim in an essay? Your claim sentence or sentences should be written in the active voice, starting with the subject, so that your readers can immediately understand what you are talking about.

They'll be formulated as an "[Subject] should be [proposed action], because [argument]. You can stay with this general structure while making different word choices, however, such as:

• It is about time that
• We have an obligation to
• Is the only logical choice
• It is imperative that

Once you have formulated a claim, you will want to see if you can hook your readers with an interesting or provocative statement that can really get them thinking. You will want to break your argument down into sections. This will lead you to sub-claims. If your claim is your main argument, your sub-claims are smaller arguments that work to support it. They will typically appear naturally once you contemplate the subject deeply — just brainstorm, and as you research, keep considering why your claim is true. The reasons you come up with will sprout sub-claims.

Still not sure what to write? Take a look at these examples of strong claim statements:

• A lack of work experience has proven to be the main barrier to finding satisfying employment, so businesses should be incentivized to hire recent graduates.
• The rise in uncertified "emotional support animals" directly causes suffering for people suffering from severe pet dander allergies. Such pets must be outlawed in public places to alleviate the very real harm allergy patients now experience on a daily basis.
• Emerging private space exploration ventures may be exciting, but they greatly increase CO2 emissions. At a time when the planet is in crisis, private space exploration should be banned.

Additional Tips in Writing a Claim the Right Way

You now know what you need to include in a claim paragraph to leave a strong impression. Understanding what not to do is equally important, however.

• Take a stand — if you're writing an argumentative essay, it is perfectly OK to take a controversial opinion, and no matter what you write, it is bound to have the potential to offend someone . Don't sit on the fence. Even when you're defending a position you disagree with, embrace it wholeheartedly.
• Narrow your claim down. The more specific you can get, the more compelling your argument can be, and the more depth you can add to each aspect of your argument.
• Have fun! You want your essay to be interesting to read, and any genuine passion you have will be apparent.
• Choose the right subject — one about which you can find a lot of data and facts.

What should you avoid in writing a claim, you wonder? Don't:

• Use any first-person statements. The claim is about your ideas, not about you.
• Base your claim on emotional appeal. You can work some pathos in, but don't make feelings your center.
• Clutter your claim with too many separate ideas, which will make the rest of your essay harder to read, less powerful, and unwieldy for you to develop.

How do you use a claim?

When you're writing your essay, you can think of the thesis statement as the spine. The claims you make are, then, your "ribs", so to speak. If you prefer a different analogy, the thesis is your trunk, and the claims branches. You use them to build a strong final product that shows you have considered all aspects of your argument, and can back them up with evidence and logic.

What is a good way to start a claim?

You can start with a shocking fact, objective data from a reliable source, or even an anecdote — or, if you prefer, you can simply offer your argument without bells and whistles.

Can a claim be in a paragraph or is it a single sentence only?

Claims are almost always limited to a single sentence. It can be a long compound sentence, though! The claim does not have to remain all alone in the paragraph. You can immediately surround it with rhetorical punches or further facts.

What are some examples of argumentative claims?

So, you want to learn to argue like a pro? Watching speeches politicians make is a great way to look out for claims, and court transcripts and academic debates are two other places you can look for great argumentative claims.

Is there a claim generator you can use?

Yes! Some claim generators are free to use, while others require a subscription. These tools can be interesting to play with, and can serve as inspiration. However, it's always best to tweak your final claim to fit your needs.

Related posts:

• Bone of Contention - Meaning, Usage and Origin
• I Beg to Differ - Meaning, Origin and Usage
• Chewing the Fat - Meaning, Usage and Origin
• All that Glitters is Not Gold - Meaning, Origin and Usage
• Ginning Up - Meaning, Usage and Origin
• Chime In - Meaning, Origin and Usage

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What Is A Claim In An Essay?

• Euphresia Kwamboka
• April 9, 2020
• Essay Guides and Topics

Here's What We'll Cover

Have you ever asked yourself, what is a claim in an essay? A claim refers to a debatable statement or argument in your paper backed up with evidence or factual support. Its main aim is to persuade, argue, convince, and prove a point to a reader who may not have the same opinion as you. All essays contain a debatable topic the writer wants the reader to agree or disagree and for a good essay, you have to argue effectively in favor of your claim. 

For example, if your claim says university fees should be reduced, your paper will focus on supporting this claim with evidence. Other examples of argumentative claims include “college student-athletes should be paid” or “guns should not be sold easily over the counter”. When writing compelling essays, it is essential to understand your claim and how you’ll structure your essay. If you want to learn how to write a claim sentence and haven’t considered argumentative essay writing help , this post will guide you in creating a good claim in your essay.

The Difference Between A Claim And a Thesis Statement

When formulating a claim in an essay, it is important to note that the thesis is not the claim. A thesis is the general or main argument of your essay. Everything in your essay should tie back to your thesis. A thesis statement gives the backbone of your writing, and it usually appears at the end of the introductory paragraph. On the other hand, argumentative claims are the specific arguments that make up your thesis. They develop, support, and explain your thesis thoroughly throughout the essay.

Types Of Claims For Written Arguments

It is important to have an interesting topic and a strong thesis statement when writing essays. The thesis is considered the ‘main claim’ of an essay. You can use different types of claims to create possible arguments for the topics you choose to examine . At times, a debatable thesis can have two or more claims. It is better to incorporate various claims to make your essay more compelling and longer. The types of claims include;

1. Claims Of Fact 

Claims of fact assert that something can be proved or disapproved with factual evidence. They argue whether something is accurate, valid, or correct and answer questions like: Is it true? Is it real? What happened? Claims have to be debatable and present an assertion. Therefore, a claim of definition for a logical argument cannot comprise a proven fact or statistic alone. For example, you cannot say the earth is flat. Is there evidence to prove that? You might decide to go with; Rock music has led to the increase of violence among teens.

Claims of fact need to be centered on an assertion that incorporates facts as backup, even though the evidence provided might still be debatable. Writing an argumentative essay uses this type of claim.

If you were to argue that basketball was a slow game with no rules, it would only take a minute for a researcher to google the facts and find out that it has plenty of rules and is fast-paced. Hence, this claim is not debatable, and there would be no argument here. Arguments from claims of fact should have reliable data, clearly defined terms, and a clear line between inference and facts. 

2. Claims of Definition

This claim argues how something is defined. It answers the question; what is it? How should it be classified or interpreted? How does its usual meaning change in a particular context? Claims of definition offer an in-depth explanation of a specific subject. This goes hand in hand with the definition of claim in literature.

For example, if you are arguing that even though therapeutic massage is done on nude bodies, it’s not a form of prostitution. You could start by defining what therapeutic massage is. You could even look at the legal definition of prostitution and demonstrate to your peers that therapeutic massage does not fall into the legal definition of prostitution because it does not involve the behaviors characterized by that definition.

3. Claims of Cause And Effect

A claim of cause and effect argues that one thing caused another thing to happen. This type of claim answers questions like; Why did it happen? Where did it come from? What is the likely result now and in the future? Like claims of fact, claims of cause and effects should be debatable. For example, you could argue that corruption has affected Kenya’s economic growth. 

4. Claims of Value

Claims of value argue that something is bad or good or that one thing is better than the other. They call into question a standard of comparison, resulting in an essay with a lot of evaluation. For example, if you say Nike is better than Adidas or Titanic is the greatest movie of all time, you are making a claim of value. When developing arguments from claims of value, ensure that your statement establishes the evaluation standards and their advantages. Also, Identify the priority value, and include examples and credible sources for support. It is essential to anticipate your response to the opposing viewpoint when dealing with this type of claim. 

A claim of value seeks answers to questions like: Is it right or wrong? Is it good or bad? Is it moral or immoral? Who thinks so? What do those people value? What criteria should I use to establish how good or bad something is?

5. Claims of Solution or Policy

A claim of solution maintains that specific conditions must exist or that an action should be taken or not taken to solve a problem. If your value of claim was climate change has led to more intense drought, your solution claim will focus on what should be done to fix the occurrence of frequent drought periods. 

A claim of solution seeks answers to questions like: How can we solve this issue? What action should we take? What should be the future policies? As you answer the questions or provide solutions, ensure that your evidence contains a clear proposed action, justification, workable plan, benefits, and consideration of counter-arguments.

How To Craft A Great Claim Statement

A claim determines the direction your essay will take. The point is to ensure you develop a central argument to give your first draft an organizing and unifying idea. A great, reasonable claim will give you a good debatable essay, while an illogical claim won’t stand strong on its own or convince the reader. Here are things you need to consider when crafting a claim in an essay.

1. Explore The Topic Of Interest

You need to gather as much information as you can about your topic. Brainstorm questions and answers to gain more knowledge and have a better idea of the topic. If you talk about something you don’t know, no one will take you seriously. You won’t convince them because they already see you as a joke and have lost trust in you. It’s also important to have a specific topic to give you a clear debate.

For example, if you are talking about women’s healthcare, you can narrow that down to the effects of Kenya’s free maternity service policy. This way, you will be able to argue better and convince your reader.

2. Define The Goal Of Your Paper

The effectiveness, quality, and complexity of your essay lean on your claim. The type of claim statement you will use depends on the goal of your paper. It will help you know what to include in your essay and what to pay the most attention to. Your objective might be to change your reader’s opinion on something, or it might be to challenge them to take a particular action. If you are using claims of value in your essay, you can probably argue that Fenty Beauty products are the best skin care products in the market. 

3. Choose What You Can Prove

As discussed earlier, a claim in an essay needs to be backed up by research, evidence, and facts. If you choose a claim that’s not debatable, your essay won’t be interesting or compelling.   It’s also important to use logic to support your claims and pick a simple and easy claim that you can prove. 

How To Start A Claim Paragraph and What To Include

Your introduction needs to grab the attention of the reader and hook them to your paper. If you lose the reader’s attention from the start, it’ll be hard to convince them that what you are saying is interesting or makes sense. Writing short and simple sentences is the best way to get your points across.

Once you have hooked the reader, the next step is to Introduce your topic, so the reader knows exactly what the essay will be about. If your topic is about smoking, you can talk about why it’s an issue of controversy and then make your claim, for example, smoking shouldn’t be allowed in public spaces. If your topic is about phones, you can say, children below the age of fifteen shouldn’t have access to smartphones.

After making your claim, have two or three paragraphs that have evidence to support your claim, then have your counterclaim paragraph and conclusion.

Tips On How To Write A Claim In An Essay

The claim of an article or essay is the spine that holds everything together. A controversial claim will make the essay engaging, while a boring one will set the tone for a dull paper. Therefore, it is essential to take the time to create a good claim before you start writing. Here are some of the things you need to consider when making a good claim;

1. Make It Straightforward 

A good claim doesn’t beat around the bush. While many people advocate for creating some mystery in the claim, it is not the best advice. An essay does not have to hold the reader in suspense the entire time. Making a straightforward claim from the beginning helps the reader know what to expect in your essay. Additionally, making your claim clear allows the reader to take a stand and contribute to further academic research. 

2. Make Your Claim Specific 

In your academic life, you will get people advising you to have a broad claim in your essays more often than not. While this is a good idea because it allows you to access multiple research materials, it does not make your essay hold weight.  A broad claim in an essay will mean the evidential support you provide will also be broad. Additionally, the essay will also fail to convince, and readers can easily point out inefficiencies in how you illustrate your points. A good essay has a specific claim, requiring specific evidential support that wins the reader’s opinion. 

3. Don’t Worry About The Truthfulness Of Your Claim

Many students lose the plot when they try to focus on the truthfulness of their claim. When writing an essay, whether the claim you make is true or false is not the main reason why a reader will want to read the essay. The purpose of the essay is to gauge how effectively you communicate your ideas and the evidential support you provide to prove your point. Additionally, your target is to get the reader to agree with you whether the claim is true or false.

4. Make Your Claim Contestable 

When writing, the worst mistake you can make is coming up with a claim that the reader can respond to with a yes or no answer. Such a weak claim will make the essay boring because the reader has already formed their opinion. A good claim ignites a debate. The reader should want to read more to understand why you make a specific claim that does not correspond with him or her. At the end of your essay, you might be able to change their mind or not.

Counterclaim

Just like a coin has two sides, every argument has two sides—the supporting side and the one that disagrees. So, a counterclaim can be defined as the opposite of a claim or the argument opposing your claim. It is also called a rebuttal. For example, if you tell your mum you want to move schools, you’ve already made your claim. If your mum says something like, “How can you say that, yet you don’t pay the school fee? That’s her counterclaim. 

When writing an essay, you need a counterclaim paragraph that addresses the valid points of the other side of the argument. A counterclaim shows your reader that you have thoughtfully considered both sides of the issue before arriving at your claim. You can then argue and say you find the counterclaim weak or invalid. When this paragraph is done well, it gives you a chance to respond to the reader’s potential arguments before they finish reading the essay. 

Major Claim Vs. Sub Claim

A major claim is an essay’s central argument, while sub claims support the ideas of the primary claim. Sub claims add specific details to the main claim. They also reinforce the validity of the main point. A major claim is revealed in the introduction, while sub claims appear in the body of the other paragraphs.

For example, if your thesis is “Unversity fee should be reduced to prevent students from dropping out of school, that will be my central argument. You may also talk about how many students have dropped out of school or how hard it is for most of them to access specific courses because of how expensive they are. You can further talk about how this is killing their dream or even how expensive it is to repay student loans because of high unemployment rates. These mini statements are your sub claim, and they support your primary claim which is, why University fees should be reduced.

For an effective essay , you need evidence to support each sub claim. For instance, if you talk about how many students have dropped out of university because they can’t afford the fee, you might use a report released from the Ministry of Education or the student body.

The Difference Between Claim, Counterclaim, and Thesis Statement

Conclusion .

It is essential to read through the essay question to understand clearly what it asks before making your claim. Ensure that your claim is specific and controversial to spike the interest of the reader. Additionally, avoid leaving the reader in suspense on what is the claim you make in your essay. If you’re still struggling with writing a proper claim for your essay, you might consider buying your term papers online .

An example of how to make a claim in an essay

Claims are the debatable statements writers use to prove their point in an essay. In simpler words, a claim is an argument. If a child says they want a new phone to access the internet, that’s their claim.  Or if someone says rock music leads to violence among teens, that’s their claim.

A good claim is a type that is debatable, specific, and has evidence to support it. A claim shouldn’t be an opinion or a feeling because then it won’t be a claim. Remember, you must have strong arguments to support your claims.

First, you have to identify your topic of discussion. Second, formulate questions around the topic then your answers will help you develop the claim.Note that, a claim is introduced in the first paragraph of an essay. This way, readers will know what you are talking about without reading too much or losing their focus.

Below are the steps that you need to follow to make a strong claim: 1. A claim must state a fact that is debatable with evidence. 2. A claim should define your goals, scope, and direction you will follow. 3. A claim should be specific and upholds a focused argument.

The main purpose of a claim is to support and establish your main argument. This will create questions in your readers’ minds which will be answered in the essay.

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What Is a Claim in an Essay?

Most students make the mistake of confusing between an opinion and an arguable claim. However, the two are very different. For instance, while an arguable claim is supported by debatable evidence, opinions are often just supported by more opinion. In addition, claims can be substantiated through evidence, testimony, research and academic reasoning. However, please remember that not every claim has equal strength. Most of the time when students hear about a claim in essays, they tie it to a thesis.

But Wait, What Is a Thesis?

In the context of essay writing, a thesis refers to the main claim or main argument of the essay. Since the thesis offers a unifying theme for the entire essay, it generally appears at the beginning of the paper. In short essays , the claim often comes within the first or second paragraph. A good thesis statement is more interpretive or analytic, rather than just factual or descriptive. Creating a clear and original thesis statement is critical to writing a good argumentative essay.

Many students often assume that the term thesis statement means that the central claim has to be stated in one sentence. However, effectively articulating a complex claim often demands more than just one sentence in most cases, more than one sentence will be necessary to assert your central claim. Although there are no defined rules on how you should formulate and express your claim, there are some useful strategies that you could use to develop stronger claims, as well as mechanisms for evaluating the strength of your claim.

Some Myths about Claims in the Context of Academic Essays

As you prepare to write your essay , it is important to demystify some misconceptions about claims as they are used in academic writing. You may have come across some of these myths, and may even believe some yourself. However, let us set the record straight on the most common myths:

• A claim ought to be general to allow lots of evidence in the text

In an actual sense, a claim that is too broad can only be supported by evidence that is really broad. In the end, you find yourself describing instead of arguing. In other words, it is best to be concrete, specific and focused. Consider carefully what you intend to argue, and the implications of your argument.

• A claim must not include everything in the paper as it gives away information, eliminating the suspense

This is far from true. An academic essay is not a mystery novel that requires suspense. It helps to be clear from the onset what you intend to argue to allow your audience to follow, comprehend and believe your points. State what you intend to do, and how you intend to do it. The remaining element of your essay can then go to fleshing out the central claim through the use of subclaims, for example, telling details, and evidence.

• A claim ought to be correct or true beyond doubt

A widely held misconception is that a claim in an essay must be true, if the reader is to buy into your argument. Well, the processes of developing an argument and substantiating a claim are never truly black and white. Rather argumentative essays are more about the writer’s ability to articulate a position and argue for that position, supported by relevant evidence. In fact, there are times when you may find yourself disagreeing with some of the sources at some point in the essay and agreeing with them later in the same paper. Instead of having a wrong or right response, complex claims are more of provocations, explications, analyses, or application of ideas, concepts, and theories.

Other Tips for Effective Claims

During the entire process of writing your essay, your thesis the or claim is likely to evolve and become more refined. In fact, your central claim is likely to change severally as you gather evidence and reconsider your main ideas. As such, it helps to think of your central claim as serving the roles of motivating and structuring your initial draft, and as the main organizing idea of the final draft. In essence, therefore, you are likely to have a working claim that guides the process of drafting and outlining, and a more refined final claim that covers your careful and thorough consideration of the evidence presented. Here are some tips to help with your central claim:

• Draft a working claim

Brainstorming questions on your topic will help you develop the working claim. Consider debates and controversies to which you can contribute. Focus on the connection between the outcome you are interested in and what could be the cause of the outcome. The point is to ensure that you develop a central argument to give your first draft an organizing and unifying idea.

• Evaluate your claim

As you come up with your working claim, it is important to assess its efficacy based on the elements of a strong claim. In general, a strong claim is contestable, reasonable, specific, significant, and interpretive.

• Revise your claim

After finalizing your initial draft, it is time to revise your paper, including your central claim. Consider whether the evidence you have presented supports your claim. Is it possible to make a claim more precise and specific? Ensure that your claim conveys exactly what you intend to argue and that the evidence that you have presented is directly linked to the claim.

To summarize, the goal of this article is to improve students’ understanding of claims in an essay and how they can be formulated. Students ought to remember that strong claims are clear, concise, direct, and provocative. There is no room to be vague and undecided. Most importantly, focus on one main idea.

What is Claim? Definition, Usage, and Literary Examples

Claim definition.

A  claim  (KLAYM) in literature is a statement in which a writer presents an assertion as truthful to substantiate an argument. A claim may function as a single argument by itself, or it may be one of multiple claims made to support a larger argument.

Nonfiction writers use claims to state their own views or the views of others, while fiction writers and playwrights use claims to present the views of their characters or narrators. Claims are more than opinions; you can back a claim up with evidence, while an opinion is simply something you feel is truthful or accurate.

The literary definition of the word  claim —as maintaining something to be true—was first utilized in the 1860s, though the  Century Dictionary  of 1895 called it an “inelegant” term. The word comes from the Latin  clamare , meaning “to cry, shout, or call out.”

Types of Claims

There are several types of claims. These are some of the most common that appear in literature:

An evaluative claim, or value judgement, assesses an idea from either an ethical or aesthetic viewpoint.

An ethical evaluative claim comments on the morality or principles—or lack thereof—of a person, idea, or action. For example, in  East of Eden ,  John Steinbeck writes, “As a child may be born without an arm, so one may be born without kindness or the potential of conscience.” This is a value judgement about the lack of ethics that plague the character of Cathy.

An aesthetic evaluative claim judges the artistic merits of the claim subject. Critics often make these types of claims when writing reviews and analyses of creative works.

Interpretative

An interpretative claim explains or illuminates the overall argument the writer is attempting to make. On a basic level, a simple book report is a type of interpretative claim; you present your own understanding of the text, how it conveys meaning, and your interpretation of the larger points the author makes.

A factual claim argues an accepted truth about reality. Verifiable information can support these claims. In  A Quick Guide to Cancer Epidemiology , authors Paolo Boffetta, Stefania Boccia, and Carlo La Vecchia write, “Tobacco smoking is the main single cause of human cancer worldwide and the largest cause of death and disease.” This is a factual claim backed up by years of research and scientific evidence.

A policy claim tries to compel a reader—usually, a politician or governing body—to take a specific action or change a law or viewpoint. These types of claims are common in politically and socially focused nonfiction. For instance, in the book  Dead Man Walking , Sister Helen Prejean reflects on her friendship with a death-row inmate and other pivotal events that shaped her opposition to the death penalty; the book relies on policy claims to challenge the government’s position on capital punishment.

The Function of Claims

The purpose of a claim is to convince a reader of something. The reader may not initially agree with the statement the author makes or may require more information to reach their own conclusion, and claims point them in the direction of a specific answer. If a reader already agrees with an author’s claim, the information presented only underscores the reader’s conviction and supports their viewpoint. All kinds of literature depend on claims to keep stories engaging, add complexity and depth to  characterizations , and establish the author’s unique  perspective  on the subjects addressed.

Claims in Rhetoric

A claim in  rhetoric  is a statement that the speaker asks the audience to accept. A claim, by nature, is arguable, meaning listeners could conceivably object to the claim the speaker makes. Rhetorical claims reside somewhere between opinions and widely accepted truths. They are more substantial than mere beliefs, but they typically aren’t universally understood as facts.

Claims Outside of Literature

The advertising and marketing worlds rely heavily on claims to sell products and services. Claims are largely concerned with  persuasion , convincing target audiences to respond in certain ways, so they go hand in hand with advertising. For instance, Trident gum once used the factual claim that “four out of five dentists recommended sugarless gum for their patients who chew gum,” which compelled viewers to purchase Trident.

Claims are also common in academia. A professor might use a claim to explain a subject in more detail. A student undertaking an academic writing assignment will utilize a claim as the main argument of their essay or a series of claims to back up a larger argument.

Public speakers often use claims to persuade and inspire audiences. They typically make dramatic claims to rouse emotion in the listener and paint vivid mental  imagery , all in service of a greater argument. In Martin Luther King Jr.’s  “I Have a Dream”  speech, for instance, King imagines a bleak future if Black Americans do not obtain basic civil rights and liberties:

One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we’ve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.

Examples of Claims in Literature

1. Harper Lee,  To Kill a Mockingbird

Lee’s classic novel charts Scout Finch’s coming of age amid racial tensions in the Deep South. Scout’s father, Atticus, makes the claim that killing a mockingbird is a sin, a claim that Scout’s friend Miss Maudie further substantiates:

“Remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.” That was the only time I ever heard Atticus say it was a sin to do something, and I asked Miss Maudie about it.

“Your father’s right,” she said. “Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy . . . but sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.”

This is an evaluative claim, as it highlights an ethical argument suggesting that mockingbirds only contribute good to the world and do not deserve killing.

2. Roxane Gay, “The Solace of Preparing Fried Foods and Other Quaint Remembrances from 1960s Mississippi: Thoughts on  The Help ”

Gay’s 2011 essay, which originally appeared on  The Rumpus  and was later included in her essay collection  Bad Feminist , includes numerous evaluative claims about the aesthetic value of the movie  The Help :

The Help  is billed as inspirational, charming and heart warming. That’s true if your heart is warmed by narrow, condescending, mostly racist depictions of black people in 1960s Mississippi, overly sympathetic depictions of the white women who employed  the help , the excessive, inaccurate use of dialect, and the glaring omissions with regards to the stirring Civil Rights Movement in which, as Martha Southgate points out, in  Entertainment Weekly , “…white people were the help,” and were “the architects, visionaries, prime movers, and most of the on-the-ground laborers of the civil rights movement were African-American.”  The Help , I have decided, is science fiction, creating an alternate universe to the one we live in.

Gay also offers interpretative claims by discussing the key events in the movie and how the filmmakers present these events.

3. Maggie Smith, “Good Bones”

In her 2016 poem, Smith grapples with how she will present a broken world to her children and how she will inspire them to improve it:

…Life is short and the world

is at least half terrible, and for every kind

stranger, there is one who would break you,

though I keep this from my children. I am trying

to sell them the world. Any decent realtor,

walking you through a real sh*thole, chirps on

about good bones: This place could be beautiful,

right? You could make this place beautiful.

Smith makes several evaluative claims of an ethical nature, such as the world being “half-terrible” and the existence of strangers “who would break you.” She also makes a factual claim in the simple statement that “Life is short”; though lifespans grow with each passing generation, in the grand scheme of planetary time, life is, indeed, short.

Further Resources on Claims

The Odegaard Writing & Research Center at the University of Washington examines  claims and counterclaims in academic writing .

Jeffrey Schrank delves into  the language of advertising claims .

W.W. Norton offers insights into  interpretative versus evaluative claims in literary essays .

Related Terms

• Characterization
• Perspective

• Definitional Argument Essay

For a definitional essay, you need to write an argument that a borderline or contested case fits (or does not fit) within a particular category by classifying that particular case and defining the category.

Definitional arguments require a definition of key terms:

Example: Joe is too bossy.

Define “bossy” and provide examples of his bossy attitude (poor listening skills, shouting at people, making decisions without asking committee—these are what define “bossy” in your argument.

Example : Low-carb diets are dangerous.

Define what constitutes “low-carb” and define what you mean by “dangerous.” Cite studies showing harmful effects, how substances affect the body, etc.

Criteria-Match Structure:

The criteria section of your argument explains and illustrates your criteria.

The match section of your argument persuades the reader that your example meets those criteria.

Example: Although the Hercules Shoe Company is nonpolluting and provides a socially useful product, [CLAIM] it is not a socially responsible company [BECAUSE CLAUSE] because it treats its workers unjustly.

Criteria Part: What points must be met for a company to be deemed “socially responsible”?

• (1) Research how others have defined your term (dictionaries, judicial opinions, expert testimony, etc.
• (2) Use your own critical thinking to make your own extended definition.

Match Part : In what ways does the shoe company meet those points?

• (1) Supply examples of how this and other situations meet your criteria.
• (2) Give other evidence about how your example meets your criteria.

For your Definitional Argument Essay :

• introduce the issue and state the claim
• define key terms
• present your first criterion and argument that your case meets your definition
• present your second criterion and argument that your case meets your definition
• present your third criterion and argument that your case meets your definition (if necessary)
• anticipate and respond to possible objections/arguments
• conclude with return to the “big picture,” what is at stake, why your argument is important, etc.

Definitional Argument Essay Proposal

• What vague or arguable term, phrase, or situation are you defining?
• What scenario are you going to use to introduce your claim?
• What is your first (1) criterion and (2) argument that your case meets your definition?
• What is your second (1) criterion and (2) argument that your case meets your definition?
• What is your third (1) criterion and (2) argument that your case meets your definition?
• What are your (1) anticipated objections/arguments and (2) responses to them?
• How will you conclude with return to the “big picture,” what is at stake, why your argument is important, etc?
• Definition Argument. Provided by : Martin's College English. Located at : http://www.oercommons.org/courses/definitional-argument-essay/view# . License : CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
• Table of Contents

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• Overview of Instructor Resources

An Overview of the Writing Process

• Introduction to the Writing Process
• Introduction to Writing
• Your Role as a Learner
• What is an Essay?
• Reading to Write
• Defining the Writing Process
• Videos: Prewriting Techniques
• Thesis Statements
• Organizing an Essay
• Creating Paragraphs
• Conclusions
• Editing and Proofreading
• Matters of Grammar, Mechanics, and Style
• Peer Review Checklist
• Comparative Chart of Writing Strategies

Using Sources

• Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Avoiding Plagiarism
• Formatting the Works Cited Page (MLA)
• Citing Paraphrases and Summaries (APA)
• APA Citation Style, 6th edition: General Style Guidelines

Definition Essay

• How to Write a Definition Essay
• Critical Thinking
• Video: Thesis Explained
• Effective Thesis Statements
• Student Sample: Definition Essay

Narrative Essay

• Introduction to Narrative Essay
• Student Sample: Narrative Essay
• "Shooting an Elephant" by George Orwell
• "Sixty-nine Cents" by Gary Shteyngart
• Video: The Danger of a Single Story
• How to Write an Annotation
• How to Write a Summary
• Writing for Success: Narration

Illustration/Example Essay

• Introduction to Illustration/Example Essay
• "She's Your Basic L.O.L. in N.A.D" by Perri Klass
• "April & Paris" by David Sedaris
• Writing for Success: Illustration/Example
• Student Sample: Illustration/Example Essay

Compare/Contrast Essay

• Introduction to Compare/Contrast Essay
• "Disability" by Nancy Mairs
• "Friending, Ancient or Otherwise" by Alex Wright
• "A South African Storm" by Allison Howard
• Writing for Success: Compare/Contrast
• Student Sample: Compare/Contrast Essay

Cause-and-Effect Essay

• Introduction to Cause-and-Effect Essay
• "Cultural Baggage" by Barbara Ehrenreich
• "Women in Science" by K.C. Cole
• Writing for Success: Cause and Effect
• Student Sample: Cause-and-Effect Essay

Argument Essay

• Introduction to Argument Essay
• Rogerian Argument
• "The Case Against Torture," by Alisa Soloman
• "The Case for Torture" by Michael Levin
• How to Write a Summary by Paraphrasing Source Material
• Writing for Success: Argument
• Student Sample: Argument Essay
• Grammar/Mechanics Mini-lessons
• Mini-lesson: Subjects and Verbs, Irregular Verbs, Subject Verb Agreement
• Mini-lesson: Sentence Types
• Mini-lesson: Fragments I
• Mini-lesson: Run-ons and Comma Splices I
• Mini-lesson: Comma Usage
• Mini-lesson: Parallelism
• Mini-lesson: The Apostrophe
• Mini-lesson: Capital Letters
• Grammar Practice - Interactive Quizzes
• De Copia - Demonstration of the Variety of Language
• Style Exercise: Voice

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7.3: Definition Arguments

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What is a definition argument?

A research-based argument may have as its goal to describe the nature of something, whether it be an abstract concept like justice, a historical event, or an ongoing trend. Definition arguments like this are arguments because they seek to shape our vision of reality. We can think of them as answering the question "What is it?"

Definition arguments may attempt to explain what is meant by a particular term. Take the following claim:

Organic, in terms of food, means plants and animals raised without additives or artificial growing conditions.

The argument here hinges upon understanding the definition of the word “organic.” In this case, organic is the subject of the argument. The claim goes on to base the argument on definition criteria. The claim states that two definition criteria of “organic” are “raised without additives” and “raised without artificial growing conditions.” "What do they mean by ‘artificial’?” If you find yourself questioning other terms used in the claim, that might mean your argument will need to dedicate a paragraph or more to defining those terms. An extended argument on organic food would need to explain in detail what distinguishes artificial growing conditions from natural ones. Can greenhouse-grown food be organic?  In such a situation, it may benefit the argument to offer the dictionary definition of “organic” as a way to confirm that writer and the readers’ assumptions are the same.  

There are a number of online dictionaries that student authors can derive a definition from, but should the writer wish to ensure trust (ethos) with the audience, the source of the dictionary definition might matter.  The dictionary.com site offers this definition for “organic”:

Organic: pertaining to, involving, or grown with fertilizers or pesticides of animal or vegetable origin, as distinguished from manufactured chemicals” (“organic”).

Readers who respect the history and legacy of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) might consider its definition more credible. Considered the most definitive and complete dictionary available, the OED offers differentiated definitions of different uses of the word.  In the case of “organic,” we’d need to look at sub-definition 8c to find one that works for our purposes:

Organic: of food: produced without the use of artificial fertilizers, pesticides, or other artificial chemicals.

A definition argument can put a more specific subject into a category based on criteria, as in the following:

Though it omits hormones and antibiotics, organic ice cream remains unhealthy because it contains high levels of fat and sugar, while offering little nutritional value.

Here we have a subject – organic ice cream – and a category – unhealthy. Presumably, unhealthy things often contain similar criteria – high levels of fat and sugar, low nutritional value, and industrial additives. Organic ice cream might not contain industrial additives, but, because it meets the other two criteria, it can still be considered unhealthy. A good way to test your thesis is to try out examples to see if the criteria work to distinguish things that fit the category from things that don't. Are other things we consider unhealthy full of sugar and/or fat, low in nutrition, and made with industrial additives? Yes. Fast food hamburgers are unhealthy because they contain high levels of fat, low nutritional value, and are full of chemical preservatives.

Definition arguments will need to provide evidence for any generalizations they make about a subject. If they use a specific example, how can they show that the example is typical ? They may also need to justify the choice of criteria for the definition. If we argue that the Vietnam War should not be considered a "World War" even though it involved two global superpowers, the U.S. and the Soviet Union, we will need to explain why a criterion like the number of deaths should be considered more important than the number or size of the countries involved.

The benefits of definition

Once we understand the value of definition for clarifying terms in an essay, we can start to appreciate the value of definition in shaping an argument, especially one centered around a contentious term. When controversy revolves around an issue, defining terms explicitly and precisely is even more critical.  In Section 4.2: Check If the Meaning Is Clear , we saw how mixing different meanings of one term can disguise a problem with the logic of an argument (if this is done intentionally, it is called equivocation ). A definition argument can help avoid this kind of slippage, and it can clarify where disagreements lie.  Even if it doesn't resolve the disagreements, it may at least prevent misunderstandings.

One example lies in the definition of "life" in the abortion debate.  Those on the pro-life side argue "life" is defined by the initial meeting of sperm and egg, and the subsequent division of cells. On the other hand, those on the pro-choice side often argue that "life" is determined by autonomy, by the fetus's ability to survive outside the womb, and this, generally, is possible at twenty-four weeks.  Prior to that, the fetus is fully dependent for survival upon the security of the woman's womb. 

To take another example, let's say the government decides to allow health insurance providers to exclude coverage to individuals with preexisting conditions.  The question then arises, what precisely does constitute a preexisting condition?  Any diagnosis of cancer, including minor skin cancers?  Diabetes? Obesity? Hypertension?  Consider how many of our friends and family members have been diagnosed with any of these conditions. 

Laws rely on definitions.  Many of us are familiar with the purpose of Title IX, which ensured that equal funding should be applied for both male and female athletic programs in schools.  However, with the recognition of transgender students and their rights, the U.S. Department of Education offered a statement of clarification to the language of Title IX: “explaining that it will enforce Title IX's prohibition on discrimination on the basis of sex to include: (1) discrimination based on sexual orientation; and (2) discrimination based on gender identity” (“Title IX”).  Schools, students, and parents can now point to this language in debates about who is protected by Title IX status, and who can be included in the funding of gender-specific sports teams.  Legal definitions often depend upon qualifiers, as in the case of the gun debate.  Many on the pro-gun rights argument will not extend the definition of guns to include fully automatic guns; thus, they will often only agree with new gun restrictions that exclude AR 47s from such regulations. 

Definitions involve emotional associations as well as descriptions of literal meaning. Public opinion can be swayed by casting a person involved in a very public event as "famous" or "infamous," a term that has decidedly negative connotations.  In the case of Trayvon Martin, a young black man who was shot by George Zimmerman, a white man, Martin was defined alternately as a "boy in a hoodie" or as a "potential thug."  And Zimmerman was defined as "a neighborhood watch leader" or "private citizen" by some, and a "vigilante" by others.  In each case, the label implies a definition of the person and his behavior, and this extends the impression built in the mind of the audience.

St rategies for definition

Referring to existing definitions .

A dictionary definition can be helpful if the term under consideration is new or very unusual or uncommon, words which readers may be unfamiliar with, or whose definitions may have become obscured with modern use.  If an argument takes the position that reduced literacy rates in freshman college students makes them less apt to learn from a professor who leans toward sesquipedalian speech, yet, such speech is exactly the challenge these students need to pull them away from their social media feeds and engage them in the vigorous mental workout that academia provides, the author is more likely to earn the trust of the audience if a dictionary definition is provided for this uncommon and archaic word: words that are a foot and a half long (O.E.D.).

Identifying emotional associations (connotations) 

Emotional associations offer the various levels of meaning a word may have.  For example, love can have several variants, such as platonic love, romantic love, familial love, passionate love, self-love, and even more specific ones, such as spirituality, philanthropy, humanity, nationalism/patriotism, and agapé , and each carries its own emotional tone which informs the definition.  The essay "What is Poverty" offers multiple connotations of poverty through the numerous illustrations.

Defining a term based on what it’s not (negation)

Sometimes complex words are best explained by what they are not, specifically by contrasting the word to another term.  Needs are often confused with wants, but needs are anything necessary for survival.  For example, people often say "I need a vacation," when what they really mean is, "I want a vacation."  You may want coffee, but you need water.  You may want a new car, but a used one may suit your needs .  In an article about sexual predators, Andrew Vachss says that when he tells people about the individuals he prosecutes for abuse against children, people often say, "that's sick."  But he clarifies that there is a difference between "sick" and "evil."  A mother who hears voices in her head telling her to lock her baby in a closet is sick.  A man who sells a child to pornographers is evil.  "Sickness," he says, "is the absence of choice," while evil is the volition, the awareness of choice, and the intentional choice to commit a sinister act (Vachss).

Creating an original definition (stipulation)

This use of definition asks the reader to accept an alternate definition from the standard or commonly accepted one.  This is usually the best way to utilize definition in an essay, as it allows the author the freedom to put his or her own spin on a key term.  But the author must do it responsibly, providing supportive examples.  For example, many young people believe that true parental love is the willingness to do anything at all for a child.  However, real love isn't expressed by doormat behavior.  A parent who does his child's homework so the child receives all "A" grades isn't demonstrating love { note the use of negation here }.  Rather, true parental love is the willingness to apply fair rules and limits on behavior in order to raise a child who is a good worker, a good friend, and a good citizen.

Elaborating on a definition (extended definition)

There is no rule about how long a definition argument should be. When a simple one-line definition will not suffice, writers can develop a multi-paragraph, multi-page or multi-chapter definition argument.  For example, a newspaper article might explore at length what is meant by the phrase "cancel culture."  An entire book each might be needed to explain what is meant by the following terms: "critical race theory," "microagression," "gender identity," "fascism," or "intersectionality." When the concept under examination is complex, contentious, or weighted by historical examples and emotional connotations, an extended definition may be needed.

Sample definition arguments

This sample outline for an essay titled "When Colleges Talk about Diversity, Equity, and Antiracism, What Do They Mean?"  shows the structure of one definition argument.

The student essay "Defining Stereotypes" by Imanol Juarez can serve as another example. Annotations on this essay point out how Juarez uses several definition argument strategies.    

• Sample definition essay "Defining Stereotypes" in PDF version with margin notes
• Sample definition essay "Defining Stereotypes" accessible version with notes in parentheses . 

Practice Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\)

How are attitudes to gender changing in today’s society?  Come up with a definition argument you think has some validity about a current trend related to gender.  What kind of evidence could be gathered to support this claim?  How would you convince readers that this evidence is typical? You could choose one of the claims below or invent your own.

• People today still associate femininity with weakness and masculinity with strength.
• Women are still more nurturing than men.
• Teenagers today see gender as a spectrum.
• Cisgender people still fear transgender people.

Practice Exercise \(\PageIndex{2}\)

Construct a definition with criteria for one of the following terms, or another term of your choice related to gender.  Feel free to research the terms to get ideas. Possible terms: masculine, feminine, androgynous, macho, femme, butch, manly, womanly, machista, metrosexual, genderqueer, third gender, transgender.

Practice Exercise \(\PageIndex{3}\)

Choose one of the following articles.  Which of the definition strategies listed in this section can you identify in the argument?  Can you think of any other strategies the author might have used?

•   "The True Meaning of the Word 'Cisgender'"  by Dawn Ennis in  The Advocate
• "The Definition of Terrorism" by Brian Whitaker in  The Guardian

Attributions

• Parts of the above are written by Allison Murray and Anna Mills.
• Parts are adapted from the Writing II unit on definition arguments through Lumen Learning , authored by Cathy Thwing and Eric Aldrich, provided by Pima Community College and shared under a CC BY 4.0 license.

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Definition of claim

 (Entry 1 of 2)

transitive verb

Definition of claim  (Entry 2 of 2)

• pretence

demand , claim , require , exact mean to ask or call for something as due or as necessary.

demand implies peremptoriness and insistence and often the right to make requests that are to be regarded as commands.

claim implies a demand for the delivery or concession of something due as one's own or one's right.

require suggests the imperativeness that arises from inner necessity, compulsion of law or regulation, or the exigencies of the situation.

exact implies not only demanding but getting what one demands.

Examples of claim in a Sentence

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'claim.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Verb and Noun

Middle English, from Anglo-French claimer, clamer , from Latin clamare to cry out, shout; akin to Latin calare to call — more at low entry 3

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Phrases Containing claim

• baggage claim
• claim someone's life
• claim to fame
• cross - claim
• stake a claim

Dictionary Entries Near claim

claik goose

claim adjuster

Cite this Entry

“Claim.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/claim. Accessed 28 Apr. 2024.

Kids Definition

Kids definition of claim.

Kids Definition of claim  (Entry 2 of 2)

Middle English claimen "to ask for as a right, claim," from early French clamer (same meaning), from Latin clamare "to shout" — related to acclaim , clamor

Legal Definition

Legal definition of claim.

Note: A cause of action may encompass more than one claim as the term is used in sense 3a. Claim is often used to mean cause of action , however, especially in modern federal practice.

Old French, from clamer to call, claim, from Latin clamare to shout, proclaim

More from Merriam-Webster on claim

Nglish: Translation of claim for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of claim for Arabic Speakers

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