Dementia: The Basics
Mar 15, 2019
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Dementia: The Basics. What is dementia? What are the types of dementia? What are the stages? Treatment?. Normal Aging…or Symptoms of Mental Illness …or an Age-Related Disease Process?. There are widespread misconceptions about what happens to us cognitively as we age.
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Dementia: The Basics What is dementia? What are the types of dementia? What are the stages? Treatment?
Normal Aging…or Symptoms of Mental Illness …or anAge-Related Disease Process? • There are widespread misconceptions about what happens to us cognitively as we age. • We have all heard that forgetfulness is an inevitable consequence of aging –but the facts do not support this, and this myth exerts a powerful bias on the views of lay people as well as those of us in health care. • Memory function as measured by delayed recall of newly learned information is not substantially decreased for most people as they age. Older persons do experience a decline in processing speed and rote memory. However, in regard to information that they are allowed sufficient time to acquire, older persons experience no more memory loss over time of newly learned material than do young people. Numerous studies document that aging in and of itself does not degrade memory; disease does.
Normal Aging…or Symptoms of Mental Illness …or anAge-Related Disease Process? • It is true that memory function fails in everyone, of every age, every day. Because memory failures are so common, it is easy for observers to overlook genuine memory lapses in developing dementia. • Conversely normal memory failures can mislead persons with normal brain function into thinking that they are developing a dementia such as Alzheimer ’s disease. • Additionally, other problems such as depression and anxiety which are common in elders can also cause memory and other cognitive deficits mimicking dementia, and often incorrectly diagnosed as Alzheimer’s dementia.
Dementia vsDelirium vsDepressionvsMild Cognitive Impairment • Other problems such as depression and anxiety which are common in elders can also cause memory and other cognitive deficits mimicking dementia, and often incorrectly diagnosed as Alzheimer’s dementia. • Physical changes, acute medical illness such as urinary infection can result in cognitive changes that mimic dementia but may be better understood and need to be evaluated for delirium. • Mild cognitive impairments are sometimes present and do not necessarily indicate presence of dementia process.
Dementia Defined • Dementia is a permanent and progressive loss in the ability to make new memories and general cognitive decline ultimately resulting in death. There are many types of dementia with varying causes such as Alzheimer’s disease, HIV, cardio-vascular disease, Parkinson’s disease, to name just a few. • Diagnosis of Dementia requires: a significant memory impairmentand a significant impairment in another cognitive domain. Cognitive Domains : • Inability to learn, retain, and retrieve newly acquired information (memory) • Inability to comprehend and express verbal information (language) • Inability to manipulate and synthesize nonverbal, geographic, or graphic information / or inability to carry out motor activities despite intact motor functioning (psycho-motor functioning) • Inability to perform abstract reasoning, solve problems, plan for future events, mentally manipulate more than one idea at a time, maintain mental focus in the face of distraction, or shift mental effort easily (executive functioning)
Delirium • Delirium is an acute decline in mental status that can be resolved and is primarily a disturbance of consciousness, with change in cognition (memory deficit, disorientation, language disturbance) or perceptual disturbance that is the direct physiological consequence of a medical condition. Delirium should be considered any time there is an acute change in mental status. • Abrupt onset (hours to days) • Fluctuating level of consciousness (altered sleep/wake cycle) • Perceptual disturbances (hallucinations, sensory misinterpretations) • Disordered thoughts • Disorientation, memory impairment, inattention, decreased concentration and attention • Changes in psychomotor activity
Delirium continued… • Delirium is a medical emergency which may indicate a serious medical illness. • Treatment of delirium consists of correcting the underlying cause and treatment of symptoms. Risk factors for delirium include: increasing age, pre-existing cognitive impairment and polypharmacy (especially Rx with a high anti-cholinergic load). • Suspect delirium if psychosis is suddenly present in a resident who previously did not have psychotic symptoms.
Mild Cognitive Impairment • MCI is a decline in at least 1 cognitive domain that is noticeable, but not significant enough to warrant a diagnosis of dementia. • People with MCI typically function independently in their daily affairs. • The most frequently encountered MCI is the amnesic type defined as subjective and objective memory impairment with the other cognitive functions and activities of daily living preserved. • While in many instances people with MCI demonstrate progressive decline ultimately being diagnosed with dementia, many do not progress to such severity.
Depression (Pseudo-Dementia) • Pseudo-dementia is not a discreet diagnostic category; rather it represents a constellation of symptoms that mimic the cognitive impairment normally associated with dementia (especially memory and executive functioning deficits). • Some reports suggest that as many as 20%-50% of elderly patients are misdiagnosed with degenerative dementia when they are instead experiencing cognitive decline associate with another psychiatric disorder usually depression. • The highest rates of depression are found among nursing home populations. Symptoms of depression can be found in 44%-68% of nursing home residents. Rate of Major Depression among nursing home residents is 9%-38%. Depressed patients have higher risks of morbidity and mortality.
Types of Dementia • Alzheimer’s Dementia: Alzheimer's disease is the underlying cause of -- of all dementia cases. Research indicates that the disease is associated with plaques and tangles in the brain. Alzheimer’s dementia tends to be slow and is always progressive, although some cases are more aggressive. • Vascular Dementia: The second most common form of dementia, vascular dementia is caused by poor blood flow to the brain, which deprives brain cells of the nutrients and oxygen they need to function normally. One of the ten dementia types, vascular dementia can result from any number of conditions which narrow the blood vessels, including stroke, diabetes and hypertension. • Mixed Dementia: Sometimes dementia is caused by more than one medical condition. This is called mixed dementia. The most common form of mixed dementia is caused by both Alzheimer's and vascular disease.
Types of Dementia continued… • Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Parkinson’s Disease can lead to is one type of dementia with Lewy Body involvement. Sometimes referred to as Lewy Body Disease, this type of dementia is characterized by abnormal protein deposits called Lewy bodies, which appear in nerve cells in the brain stem. These deposits disrupt the brain's normal functioning, impairing cognition and behavior and can also cause tremors. • Frontotemporal Dementia: Pick’s Disease is one type of frontal lobe dementia., it is a rare disorder which causes damage to brain cells in the frontal and temporal lobes. Pick's disease affects the individual's personality significantly, usually resulting in a decline in social skills, coupled with emotional apathy. Unlike other types of dementia, Pick's disease typically results in behavior and personality changes manifesting before memory loss and speech problems. • Creutzfeldt-Jacob Dementia: CJD is a degenerative neurological disorder, which is also known as mad cow disease. The incidence is very low, occurring in about one in one million people. There is no cure. Caused by viruses that interfere with the brain's normal functioning, dementia due to CJD progresses rapidly, usually over a period of several months. Symptoms include memory loss, speech impairment, confusion, muscle stiffness and twitching, and general lack of coordination, making the individual susceptible to falls. Occasionally, blurred vision and hallucinations are also associated with the condition.
Types of Dementia continued… • Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is caused by a deficiency in thiamine (Vitamin B1) and often occurs in alcoholics, although it can also result from malnutrition, cancer which have spread in the body, abnormally high thyroid hormone levels, long-term dialysis and long-term diuretic therapy (used to treat congestive heart failure). The symptoms of dementia caused by Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome include confusion, permanent gaps in memory, and impaired short-term memory. Hallucinations may also occur. • Huntington's Disease: Huntington's disease is an inherited progressive dementia that affects the individual's cognition, behavior and movement. The cognitive and behavioral symptoms of dementia due to Huntington's include memory problems, impaired judgment, mood swings, depression and speech problems (especially slurred speech). Delusions and hallucinations may occur. In addition, the individual may experience difficulty ambulating, and uncontrollable jerking movements of the face and body. • Others: There are other types of dementia but those noted above are some of the most well known. Comprehensive evaluation is often needed for proper differential diagnosis of cognitive decline.
Course & Progression • The various types of dementia have varying rates of progression and course. For example, the rate of progression for vascular dementia is highly variable depending on re-occurring cerebral-vascular events, and the progression is step-wise. • Alzheimer’s type dementia tends to have a slow and progressive course and the stages tend to be demarcated by a regular constellations of symptoms. However, even though the stages in Alzheimer’s dementia tend to follow a fairly regular course the effect on each individual is idiosyncratic and while many patients with Alzheimer’s will show significant problems with mental calculations by the middle stages, many will not especially if math was always a strength for them. Thus, testing is required for accurate differential diagnosis.
Stages of Alzheimer’s Dementia Early Stages: mild cognitive decline • The person may feel as if he or she is having memory lapses such as forgetting familiar words or the location of everyday objects. Alternatively, they may have no awareness of changes, but friends, family or co-workers begin to notice difficulties. During a detailed medical interview, doctors may be able to detect problems in memory or concentration. • Common difficulties include: • Noticeable problems coming up with the right word or name • Trouble remembering names when introduced to new people • Having noticeably greater difficulty performing tasks in social or work settings Forgetting material that one has just read • Losing or misplacing a valuable object • Increasing trouble with planning or organizing • May demonstrate some spatial disorientation
Stages of Alzheimer’s Dementia Middle Stages: moderate cognitive decline • At this point, cognitive changes are more overt., and at times personality changes may also become evident. Individuals in the middle stages will begin needing help with activities of daily living. • Common difficulties include: • Impaired ability to perform challenging mental arithmetic — for example, counting backward from 100 by 7s • Greater difficulty performing complex tasks, such as planning dinner for guests, paying bills or managing finances • Memory impairments become more obvious, and some forgetfulness about one's own personal history may be observed • Becoming moody or withdrawn, especially in socially or mentally challenging situations • Confusion about where they are or what day it is • Hygiene and personal grooming may decline • Important autobiographical memories are generally still intact. Need help handling details of toileting (for example, flushing the toilet, wiping or disposing of tissue properly)
Stages of Alzheimer’s Dementia Late Stages: severe cognitive decline • Memory continues to worsen, personality changes may take place or worsen, individuals need extensive help with daily activities. • Difficulties Include: • Lose awareness of recent experiences as well as of their surroundings • Remember their own name, but have difficulty remembering their personal history • Distinguish familiar and unfamiliar faces but have trouble remembering the name of a spouse or caregiver • Need help dressing properly and may, without supervision, make mistakes such as putting pajamas over daytime clothes or shoes on the wrong feet • Experience major changes in sleep patterns — sleeping during the day and becoming restless at night • Have increasingly frequent trouble controlling their bladder or bowels • Experience major personality and behavioral changes, including suspiciousness and delusions (such as believing that their caregiver is an impostor)or compulsive, repetitive behavior like hand-wringing or tissue shredding
Stages of Alzheimer’s Dementia • In the final stage of this disease, individuals lose the ability to respond to their environment, to carry on a conversation and, eventually, to control movement. They may still say words or phrases. At this stage, individuals need help with much of their daily personal care, including eating or using the toilet. They may also lose the ability to smile, to sit without support and to hold their heads up. Reflexes become abnormal. Muscles grow rigid. Swallowing can be impaired.
Treatment • Effective treatment for dementia, regardless of the type, is dependent on proper diagnosis, good understanding of cognitive and adaptive functioning, and management of physical health. • Research is clear that the best treatment for patients with dementia includes a combination of psychotherapy, medical management, occupational and physical therapy, and recreation. • The specific type of psychotherapy should be determined by idiosyncratic needs and functioning of each patient but can include, talk therapy, cognitive-behavioral treatment, behavioral treatment aimed at assessing and managing environmental factors, narrative therapy, supportive treatment, and family therapy. • Medical management includes managing physical and health related issues as well as psychopharmacological management of psychiatric symptoms associated with dementia.
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68 Best Dementia-Themed Templates for PowerPoint & Google Slides
With over 6 million presentation templates available for you to choose from, crystalgraphics is the award-winning provider of the world’s largest collection of templates for powerpoint and google slides. so, take your time and look around. you’ll like what you see whether you want 1 great template or an ongoing subscription, we've got affordable purchasing options and 24/7 download access to fit your needs. thanks to our unbeatable combination of quality, selection and unique customization options, crystalgraphics is the company you can count on for your presentation enhancement needs. just ask any of our thousands of satisfied customers from virtually every leading company around the world. they love our products. we think you will, too" id="category_description">crystalgraphics creates templates designed to make even average presentations look incredible. below you’ll see thumbnail sized previews of the title slides of a few of our 68 best dementia templates for powerpoint and google slides. the text you’ll see in in those slides is just example text. the dementia-related image or video you’ll see in the background of each title slide is designed to help you set the stage for your dementia-related topics and it is included with that template. in addition to the title slides, each of our templates comes with 17 additional slide layouts that you can use to create an unlimited number of presentation slides with your own added text and images. and every template is available in both widescreen and standard formats. with over 6 million presentation templates available for you to choose from, crystalgraphics is the award-winning provider of the world’s largest collection of templates for powerpoint and google slides. so, take your time and look around. you’ll like what you see whether you want 1 great template or an ongoing subscription, we've got affordable purchasing options and 24/7 download access to fit your needs. thanks to our unbeatable combination of quality, selection and unique customization options, crystalgraphics is the company you can count on for your presentation enhancement needs. just ask any of our thousands of satisfied customers from virtually every leading company around the world. they love our products. we think you will, too.
Widescreen (16:9) Presentation Templates. Change size...
Theme with hands of seniors playing puzzle as dementia prevention in retirement home
Slide deck having group of seniors with dementia playing with a wooden puzzle in nursing home or at home
Slides with senior with dementia or alzheimer's is comforted by caring female doctor background
Slide set consisting of nurse comforts senior man with dementia and depression
PPT theme featuring seniors with dementia are playing the puzzle under the supervision of an elderly nurse background
PPT layouts enhanced with seniors group sings together in a choir in their free time or as a dementia therapy
PPT theme featuring dementia sign isolated on white background
Slide deck with happy family with smiling senior couple at home
PPT theme consisting of dementia
Presentation theme consisting of old woman with dementia and therapist while painting in creative painting class
Slides enhanced with wooden puzzle building blocks for patience and concentration in dementia therapy backdrop
PPT layouts enhanced with nursing woman consoles a senior with dementia in geriatric care at nursing home
Slide deck featuring nursing woman helps senior with dementia patience with a wooden puzzle
Slide set consisting of seniors with dementia together in a creative painting class at the retirement home
Theme consisting of dementia vascular text on medical background with pills and syringes concept of human disease
PPT theme enhanced with seniors with dementia or alzheimer's in a retirement home stack colorful building blocks together
Presentation design with geriatric nurse helps seniors with dementia solve puzzles as memory training in the nursing home
Presentation theme featuring senior couple with dementia plays with a wooden puzzle as a therapy in the nursing home
Slide deck consisting of female doctor with a drawing of the brain gives a lecture on dementia and memory backdrop
Slide deck featuring elderly woman looks wistfully out the window black-and-white photo
PPT theme featuring two happy senior citizens dancing and smiling in a dancing class
Slides enhanced with happy senior people playing bingo together in a nursing home
Presentation theme with happy senior couple portrait outdoors close-up
Presentation theme enhanced with three senior people playing domino together in a retirement home
PPT layouts consisting of dementia doctor with rare or orphan disease text on tablet screen dementia
Slide set consisting of creative senior woman with dementia painting with husband
Presentation enhanced with senior group playing with puzzle in dementia therapy at nursing home backdrop
Presentation design consisting of seniors with dementia build together tower of colorful building blocks in nursing home
PPT theme with dementia text on medical background with pills and syringes concept of human disease background
PPT layouts enhanced with group of seniors with dementia singing together in a choir rehearsal
Slide set enhanced with caregiver and senior man with dementia playing with wooden puzzle in nursing home
Slides consisting of smiling old woman with dementia and geriatric nurse look at calendar with baby photo background
Theme having group of seniors with dementia in a creative drawing class in retirement home
PPT theme featuring seniors with dementia stack together colorful building blocks as a leisure activity
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Slides consisting of family and seniors play a puzzle as dementia prevention in retirement home
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Dementia is a group of brain disorders that results in the loss of intellectual and social skills severe enough to interfere with day-to-day life. There are many causes of dementia. Most common causes: Alzheimer's disease 50-80%. Vascular disease 10-20%.
Use the PowerPoint presentation to facilitate a structured discussion on: • Symptoms of dementia • Causes of dementia • How dementia impacts on a person's life • Why it is a public health priority 2. Assessment of dementia Know the assessment principles of dementia Perform an assessment for dementia Use effective communication skills
Dementia is a decline in mental ability that interferes with daily life. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. Progressive loss of memory and brain function. Requires increasing aid and assistance. No cure and limited treatment options. Huge financial and emotional burden.
In this presentation, we provide an overview of dementia: basic facts about dementia and its prevalence. how dementia affects patients and people around them. how we can help reduce the patient distress and caregiver burden. Note: This presentation was prepared for use by persons conducting dementia awareness programs in India.
dementia. • Explain the process for assessing and identifying challenging behaviors. • List strategies to address common dementia-related behaviors. 2 Objectives. Behavioral changes have many triggers Pain or discomfort Over-stimulation or boredom. Unfamiliar surroundings. Complicated
Dementia is a serious brain disease that affects memory, ability to make decisions, daily functioning, as well as mood and behavior. Individual experiences will vary. Generally, symptoms progress in three stages. Early Stages of Dementia. Symptoms are not always apparent in the beginning. In this stage a person may have difficulties with:
Seniors with Memory Loss: A Primer is a powerpoint presentation by the University of Michigan that provides an overview of the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of memory loss in older adults. It also offers tips and resources for caregivers and families of seniors with memory loss. This presentation is a useful and informative guide for anyone who wants to learn more about this common ...
September 21, World Alzheimer's Day, is an important day that raises awareness about this disease, which in most cases ends up causing dementia, a condition that affects millions of people worldwide. From memory loss to difficulty with everyday tasks, dementia can affect every aspect of a person's life. It might be a taboo topic for some people ...
What is the role of public health in addressing Alzheimer's disease? This PowerPoint presentation provides an overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, and impact of Alzheimer's disease, as well as the public health strategies and resources to prevent and manage it. Learn how to apply the Healthy Brain Initiative framework and the 10 Essential Public Health Services to your work in this field.
Dementia Defined • Dementia is a permanent and progressive loss in the ability to make new memories and general cognitive decline ultimately resulting in death. There are many types of dementia with varying causes such as Alzheimer's disease, HIV, cardio-vascular disease, Parkinson's disease, to name just a few.
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Free Google Slides theme and PowerPoint template. Understanding dementia can help both patients and their families endure the illness in an easier, calmer way. Infographics are a great tool for health proffesionals to share information in a clear, comprehensible way for people with to medical background, so sharing infographics about dementia ...
DEMENTIA DEFINITION: Group of symptoms that can be caused by over 60-70 disorders. Syndrome which refers to progressive decline in intellectual functioning severe enough to interfere with person's normal daily activities and social relationships. (National Institute on Aging-1995 No. 95-3782) Dementia Marked by progressive declines in memory.
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Free Google Slides theme and PowerPoint template. Dementia is a word used to designate a set of symptoms that severely affect thinking, social skills, and memory. It is not a specific disease, but a consequence of other factors, such as aging (does not always cause dementia) or Alzheimer's disease (the most common cause of dementia).
Pain for People With Dementia Systematic Review of pain in people with dementia, estimates 46-56% of people with dementia have pain (van Kooten, 2016) Widely accepted that people with dementia are under-recognized and under-treated for pain. Systematic Review of people with hip and pelvic fracture found 50% less use of medication for people
Use our graphic-rich Dementia template for Microsoft PowerPoint and Google Slides to explain a medical condition that affects cognitive functioning in human beings, such as problem-solving, memory, language, and behavior. Neurologists, psychiatrists, and pediatric neurophysiologists can utilize this fully editable deck to discuss the risk ...
CrystalGraphics creates templates designed to make even average presentations look incredible. Below you'll see thumbnail sized previews of the title slides of a few of our 68 best dementia templates for PowerPoint and Google Slides. The text you'll see in in those slides is just example text.
Free Google Slides theme and PowerPoint template. Raise awareness of Alzheimer's Disease with this template. Featuring a powerful color palette and a modern design, you can use this to reach out to your audience and educate them on the effects of this debilitating condition. Use the infographics to showcase facts and statistics, and use the ...