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• v.15(10); 2019 Oct

Ten simple rules for providing optimal administrative support to research teams

Romina garrido.

1 Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

2 Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

Casandra A. Trowbridge

3 Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Nana Tamura

4 RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

Introduction

Conducting science nowadays is not only properly devoting time to research but also managing administrative tasks. With increasing amounts of time needing to be invested into these administrative tasks, it leads to less time devoted to science and research itself. According to a Nature survey, research group leaders point out having more institutional support for administrative tasks as one of the most important needs they have and that institutions need to provide this support to lab members in addition to the leaders [ 1 , 2 ]. Proper administrative support can have a remarkable impact on the scientific productivity of research groups by contributing to a more efficient and effective work environment. It allows the scientists to focus mainly on the science.

With our experience as administrative-based staff in international research groups located in Japan, Europe, and the United States, we will lay out a number of rules that can provide guidance on where to apply efforts when assisting research teams in academic and research environments. These efforts are typically different from what is experienced when supporting teams in business and industry atmospheres. In research, people are used to freedom of thought and to sometimes challenging authority and questioning rules or any preestablished concepts. You need to be much more patient and flexible, and you don’t get desperate if things are different from what you were used to if you are coming from a different environment. These rules are mainly addressed to administrators directly supporting research teams, such as secretaries, assistants, project managers, research managers, operations managers, or any other similar job position. These roles typically have direct and immediate impact on the daily activity of research groups. These rules may also help the principal investigators and other research leaders understand the contributions and positive impact administrators have within a research group.

Rule 1: Boost your “soft skills”

You will need a number of technical and specialty skills to perform your daily administrative activities, including “soft skills” [ 3 , 4 ]. Soft skills refer to the more intangible and nontechnical abilities. According to the Research Administration as a Profession (RAAAP) Worldwide project survey, examples of important soft skills are your professional capabilities tied to collaboration, taking responsibility, adaptability, problem solving, and communication [ 5 ]. Soft skills influence the manner in which you handle interaction, multitasking, and leadership with a team. These skills are more personality driven and can be a sign of emotional intelligence.

Soft skills come naturally for some people, but these skills can also be learned. Developing your soft skills requires a great deal of people interaction and practice. You can boost these skills by looking for mentors, participating in working groups to hear different perspectives, learning various approaches to tasks, and getting enrolled in training courses and workshops in and outside of your home institution. There are associations that offer educational and skill development resources aimed specifically for research administrators. Some examples include the Society of Research Administrators International (SRAI), ARMA International (formerly the Association of Records Managers and Administrators), European Association of Research Managers and Administrators (EARMA), and the National Council of University Research Administrators (NCURA).

People with strong soft skills are more likely to be successful in research and can contribute to a proficient multilateral research environment.

Rule 2: Be proactive and be decisive

Adopt a proactive mindset. Tackle challenges and solve problems. Measure a desired outcome and take the initiative to see it through. Taking initiative demonstrates that you are a self-starter, independent, and highly motivated. Being proactive with your work is an opportunity to stand out and excel in your job while increasing the likelihood of stability, progress, and success for your research team and the science being conducted.

It is extremely useful to have the skill of being able to anticipate the needs of the research team, especially the principal investigator. Research teams are very typically busy with managing multiple projects and grants, writing new grant proposals, attending meetings, giving frequent presentations, facilitating lectures, and traveling quite often, among other tasks. Strong coordination efforts and keeping updated common calendars where all these tasks can be visible at a glance will help to keep competing commitments, priorities, and deadlines from overlapping. Helping them stay on time and ahead on tasks is greatly needed. Anticipating what they need ahead of time without being told is invaluable.

Be decisive in your actions. You do not want to overthink the most basic of decisions. Research team members and colleagues need to be able to rely on a person who is assertive and can make confident decisions than to put their trust in someone who is slowed and paralyzed by indecision. When a big decision seems like it could be too much to tackle all at once, break it down, take small steps, get more information, reconsider, and then make the next decision [ 6 ].

These characteristics described show your leadership and strategic thinking capabilities and that you are willing to go the extra mile in your work. These qualities are extremely useful to supporting your research team and ultimately help excel the progress of science.

Rule 3: Be efficient, effective, and communicative

You play a vital role in keeping research teams organized in an efficient and effective manner. This includes helping your team remain mindful of timelines and deadlines, supporting the management of competing tasks, developing engagement strategies, scheduling all necessary meetings, keeping costs minimal, and defining success metrics. It also includes minimizing distractions for yourself as well as for members of the research team. The goal is to have optimal effectiveness and enhance functionality for the whole research team.

Your role greatly helps researchers navigate all the different aspects of administration, including managing requirements, obstacles, and burden. Examples include the following:

• Grants have requirements to fulfill. You can help your principal investigator on the oversight of grant rules and procedures, keeping protocols up to date, writing reports, and fulfilling requests from the Institutional Review Board (IRB).
• Research units with higher bureaucratization have lower scientific performance [ 8 ]. You can help identify priorities and action plans, eliminate paperwork and extra processes whenever you can, and avoid pushing out decisions or bottlenecking progress.
• Scientists are sometimes reluctant to accept new administrative procedures and/or to spend funds on administrative activities [ 7 ]. You can help ease administrative changes and burden by streamlining and automating tasks whenever possible and independently handling what you can on your own. You can help your principal investigator manage administrative budgets and recommend where funding should be allocated.
• Metrics and indicators of team activities are important in research. Although keeping track of some of the items—such as the number of publications and citations using the Altmetric tool—is relatively easy, it may be more difficult for some others [ 8 ]. Important team activities to track include the following: current positions held and who are alumni (to evaluate the success on training) and actions taken for public engagement and communication of science (all forms of scientific communications, which include talks to general audiences, radio and TV interviews, articles in newspapers, blog posts, etc.).

Being efficient and effective cannot happen without communication, communication, and communication. Research administrative roles are typically tasked to manage multiple forms of communication. In addition to being an effective verbal communicator, excellent writing skills are necessary. It is essential to write reports, taking minutes of meetings as well as contacting people by email about a range of issues from funding to organizing a program of lectures [ 9 ]. There may be promotional leaflets, course materials, exhibition programs, and prospectuses to be written, proofread, and edited [ 9 ].

We encourage you to attend lab meetings, working group meetings, and consortium meetings. Although these meetings may be mainly focused on science and analysis, it allows you to hear updates on projects and gives you the opportunity to engage your research team and ask questions. You can be the point person for identifying best practices and communication plans for administrative tasks, increasing efficiency and effectiveness for the entire research team.

Rule 4: Collaborate and network with other administrators

Although you are directly supporting researchers and your relationship with them is very important, you also need to nurture the relationship with administrative staff located in other departments of your institution. You will very likely find yourself working with the departments leading finance and grants administration, procurement, events and marketing, information technology, human resources, facilities management, etc. You will need to rely on these departments and their services to successfully streamline needs and solve issues for your research team. In many cases, you are the point person, or the “bridge,” through which all communication funnels between researchers and other departments. Interacting with other members of administration at your institution will also help contribute to creating an efficient work environment, as described in Rule 3.

Not only is it important to build relationships within your institution, but it is also important to do so with external collaborators. This is certainly the case whether you work on a research team that spans across multiple institutions or is a part of a large consortium. These types of groups require large-scale coordination efforts, which administrative support professionals are typically tasked to handle. You may find yourself working with administrators from each institution involved in the same study or project as yours. If there are consortium meetings, consider attending them and have administration-based parallel meetings. You can ask the principal investigator to budget for these in grant applications. All these efforts will help you feel like you are part of the scientific enterprise.

Networking can also help your career path in science. This can help us think “outside of the box” and see a bigger picture. Visiting other institutions to learn about how they manage their administrative tasks can be beneficial. It could also lead to new collaborations and other professional opportunities. This “Ten Simple Rules” paper is a great example of the result from professional relationships through networking and collaborations spanning over the last 6 years.

Being able to establish strong collaborations, network, have positive rapport, share resources, and learn from other disciplines are valuable benefits in facilitating your job and coordinating the needs of your research team. This will likely open new doors professionally.

Rule 5: Be curious about science, even if you do not have a scientific background

When directly supporting scientists working in a particular research field, it can be useful to have some background and exposure in that same scientific discipline to accompany your administrative experience. Although this is ideal for hiring administrators in scientific research fields, it is not easy to find job candidates with such a background, and thus it cannot always be a prerequisite for hiring. When administrators are just starting their career in academia for the first time, they must learn how to adapt to the workplace traditions, customs, and tolerances, especially if they are coming from a career in industry and traditional business in which working standards are very different. Regardless, what is important is for the administrator to be curious about science and make the effort to get a basic familiarity with the scientific discipline and academic working environment they are supporting.

The best way you can learn about the scientific field you are involved with is to have frequent interaction with the scientists you work for. Have scientists explain to you what they do in a nontechnical manner and don’t be afraid to ask questions. Many researchers are used to explaining what they do in layman terms from attending various meetings and giving presentations to audiences with wide-ranging skill sets and educational backgrounds.

We encourage you to get enrolled in basic science or fundamental research courses at a university, whether they are in-person or online courses. Check with your institution on available tuition reimbursement plans or financial assistance programs to enroll in these types of courses. If this type of institutional support does not exist, be proactive about asking your employer to organize these financial assistance programs.

You can also attend scientific meetings, seminars, and conferences aimed at general audiences. Participating in activities where you can interact with people of different professional and educational backgrounds will be very beneficial for you.

You should also take time to learn about your research team’s behaviors and tolerances, as well as your institution’s workplace customs. Academia tends to be more informal than traditional business atmospheres and offers scheduling flexibility, autonomy, freedom to collaborate, and cross-disciplinary thinking. On the flip side, researchers are under immense pressure to be self-starters, continually publish their research, promote and advocate for their work, and find funding sources. Take some time to find how your working style fits into the academic world and how to increase your chances of success.

As mentioned in Rule 1, there are professional associations that offer educational and skill development resources for research administrators—SRAI, ARMA, EARMA, and NCURA. These associations have done extensive work in laying the professional development framework (PDF) and organizing educational opportunities for research administrators. For example, ARMA ran a 12-month project to produce a well-researched and evidence-based PDF for research managers and administrators [ 10 ]. From these findings, ARMA developed an outline for professional qualifications and developed courses, certification programs, and online learning opportunities that can contribute to the maturity of the profession, which is very different depending on the regions of the world [ 11 ]. Although we focused on the work done specifically by ARMA, joining any of these professional associations will provide guidance on the research administrative career field and give you access to plenty of courses and webinars.

Spending time on getting a better understanding of what’s done in the scientific field you’re involved in will be a very wise and smart investment for you, your research team, and your institution. It also allows you to build a robust and long-term career in the research environment.

Rule 6: Be responsible with data sharing and handling

Working with principal investigators, research teams, managers, stakeholders, and sponsors means you will be privy to a wealth of information, including highly sensitive and confidential information. This can include exposure to unpublished data and personal health information (PHI). Accessing, using, and/or distributing such sensitive information without permission could give rise to unwanted and serious consequences. Knowing what information to share and with whom is a must, and your discretion needs to be trusted. Make sure to have a clear understanding of when to share the data, with whom, in what format, what security measures are in place, and how the data transfer will be handled. Ultimately, principal investigators, research managers, and institutions are responsible for educating and training employees on the access and handling of sensitive information, as well as providing information on the ethical issues involved. There should be protocols and procedures in place. Be sure to know them and to enroll in any course that can provide you trainings on these matters.

If the study you support works with human subjects and PHI, your research team will be working with the IRB for approval to conduct the study. At times the IRB can feel like an oppressive oversight body bound by regulations and designed to inhibit research, but the IRB is in place to protect human subjects from unethical scientific research while ensuring the highest quality research standards [ 12 ]. You can administratively support and soften the relationship between the IRB, the protocol director/principal investigator, and the research team. Administrative roles typically can help with IRB correspondence, protocol modifications and amendment submissions, and preparing reports.

Try to be familiar with the rules and directives governing the sharing of information. Because the principal investigator in your group may not have time to familiarize with the directive, try to investigate how this can affect the science carried out in the group. It will also help your research team maintain compliance.

Rule 7: Participate in the onboarding process as much as possible

The onboarding process for newcomers is a crucial time for getting them settled into their new position, with their new team, and within the organization as a whole. Although human resources, principal investigators, and lab managers are a large part of the onboarding process for a new employee, administrative staff are typically involved in the process as well. It is important for new employees to feel they are supported by their new organization, especially because starting a new job can cause some challenges. Challenges can be more significant for a newcomer who has taken a job in a foreign country, which is common in research.

Ahead of the new employee’s arrival, connect with the principal investigator and lab manager(s), as well as human resources, to make sure that an onboarding plan is in place with delegation of who will be responsible for each step and task. Providing new employees with a streamlined onboarding process affects all aspects of success for a team and organization as a whole. Examples of action items you can do for new lab members could include the following: being a point person for any questions the new hire may have, assisting with getting the new hire signed up for any relevant onboarding courses or certifications, informing the group about the new hire so they are aware of his/her arrival, and looking for a mentor who can introduce the newcomer to the rest of the lab members and inform him/her about any relevant information. Although all these examples may seem like small tasks and gestures, they can go a long way in making your new hire feels warmly welcomed, valued, and set up for success.

The golden rule to keep in mind is to treat someone the way you would like to be treated, meaning treat a newcomer, at both the professional and personal level, the way you want to be treated if you were in the same situation. You will also have a good working relationship with the new lab member from the very beginning.

Rule 8: Appreciate and support cultural diversity

There are multiple educational and work opportunities abroad in science and research. It is very common to have research teams with wide-ranging cultural diversity. Expectations for behavior in areas such as leadership, communication, and feedback style can vary across cultures [ 13 ]. It is important to be sensitive to cultural differences and to avoid inadvertently stereotyping [ 13 ]. Administrative staff, alongside the principal investigator and research management, can actively play a role in learning about the different cultures that exist within the research team and how to avoid misunderstandings and miscommunications. Administrative staff can help define clear expectations for administrative-based actions and tasks while assisting the incoming international team member with overall adaptation with the research team and new work environment.

Culturally related work preferences, such as time management, task orientation, risk orientation, directness, or even sense of humor, have an important impact on the team dynamics. Some internationally based scientists find that the priorities attached to socializing (including the interaction between men and women) differ from what they are used to [ 13 ]. They will very likely feel the difference in thoughts and values and often encounter challenges, particularly with the relationship to authority. These views may differ strongly between countries, and you could help the newcomers to adapt to the accepted rules in the institute.

To learn about your team’s various cultural working and social preferences, you can begin by asking them where they are from and institutions they have studied and worked at. Ask about their communication preferences and the management working styles that they are used to when handling tasks with administration, project coordination and management, and overall team interactions and management. You can be the person they can turn to when difficulties arise at work, especially if they feel uncomfortable asking those questions with their lab mates or other colleagues. Encourage them to keep an open mind and ask questions. The goal is to work towards finding a common understanding and establishing clear expectations. In the process, you may end up learning a new method or way of doing something to apply to your own job or with the team as a whole.

You can also recommend ways for them to learn more about the local culture. You can tell them about local traditions and holiday festivities. You can suggest restaurants they should check out and new food they should consider tasting. You can suggest places where they can hear locally appreciated music or museums to visit. Immersion in the local culture is a great way for them to adapt to their new community.

It is important to value cultural diversity and understand differences between people while recognizing that these differences are a valued asset. Multiculturalism improves productivity, creativity, and employee engagement and opens up doors to new opportunities in often unexpected ways [ 14 , 15 ]. Blending and cocreating workflows and methods can help you and the whole team create a rich, balanced, and comfortable environment. Be engaged with the cultural diversity on your research team.

Rule 9: Treat everyone fairly

On a research team, there are people at very different levels of hierarchy, responsibility, and needs. Administrative staff are typically assigned to give more priority to supporting the requests and needs of the more senior members (faculty, principal investigators, senior postdocs, etc.), but those in earlier career stages (undergraduates, technicians, junior postdocs, etc.) need support as well. Regardless of seniority and status, everyone on the research team needs to feel he/she is receiving adequate administrative support and being treated fairly. They do not all need the same level of support, but the quality of the services you provide to all team members should be similar.

Administrative support resources are not unlimited, so it is good to set a list of services that you can offer to people at each level of responsibility and to review it periodically to make any necessary changes. Do not limit yourself to that list, as you always want to be looking for new ways to expand and grow your skill set. Make sure that it is understood that more senior level requests and urgent matters will always take priority but that you will also address other requests. It is helpful to let people know expectations and timelines related to task completion. Periodically check in with each team member to see if they need assistance with any tasks. Your administrative support benefits the research team as a whole.

People are always the most important asset and should receive excellent service. Everyone should have the feeling that their contributions to the team and to science are important. Once they become alumni, they will be the ambassadors of the institution and of your work.

Rule 10: Be an active team player and show your unique qualities

Although your contribution to the research team is not scientific, you play a vitally significant role to help the principal investigator streamline the working dynamics of the group. Don’t stay in the shadows or be a mere observer. Work actively to find ways to make administrative procedures easier for your research team. Give your point of view and suggestions for improvements and help develop more effective methods. Engage your research team on their thoughts. Combining both administrative and scientific perspectives when facing problems will inspire you to find creative solutions to support your research team.

Organizations are more than their mission statement, aims, impact, infrastructure, and policies. Organizations are greatly defined by the type of people they hire, which creates the company culture. Show your unique qualities. Let your personality shine through. Be genuine. Everyone in research appreciates character, so be yourself.

Your active team player attitude and unique qualities will have great positive effect on your research team as well as on the institution as a whole. Take pride in that.

Administrative professionals do more than just assist. They are one of the backbones to successful research and organizations. They have strong skills for multitasking, planning, organization, customer service, and directing large groups of people. They are effective communicators and trusted individuals to handle sensitive information. They are the gatekeepers to senior level individuals and the helpers to the whole team. They are the bridges to other departments and help foster collaborations with other researchers and labs. They take initiative and do what is needed without being told and can anticipate future needs. Their roles in science are constantly evolving, and they continuously take on new tasks. The role of administrative professionals allows scientists to keep their main focus on the science and be less distracted by necessary administrative operations. Research administrators are a valuable asset and deserve professional recognition.

The mantra of many administrative professionals is “No job is too big or too small.” They contribute greatly to the success of research and have a strong impact on science. As Kim C. Carter, SRAI president, says, “In the world of ordinary mortals, research administrators are superheroes” [ 16 ].

Acknowledgments

Romina Garrido is assistant to the Bioinformatics and Genomics program of the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), coordinated by Roderic Guigó, PhD. Nana Tamura is assistant for Piero Carninci, PhD, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences at RIKEN. Casandra A. Trowbridge is an administrative and operational director in the lab of Michael P. Snyder, PhD in the Department of Genetics at the Stanford School of Medicine at Stanford University. The authors want to thank Roderic, Piero, and Mike for their unconditional support and for creating the right environment for writing this article. The authors would also like to thank Kristin Ardlie, PhD at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, who also played a key role with Roderic Guigó in setting collaborations between two of the authors.

Romina Garrido wants to thank the CRG for supporting her visit to Stanford in 2016 and to the RIKEN in 2018. Both visits have helped to lay the groundwork for writing these ten simple rules.

The authors want to thank Rut Carbonell and Bruna Vives for their help in reviewing the text.

Funding Statement

We want to thank Roderic Guigó for providing funding from the Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) for the visit to the Riken and to the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, programa “Salvador de Madariaga” PRX17/0039. CRG acknowledges the support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MEIC) to the EMBL partnership and the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, and to the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Health Care Administration and Management

• Find Articles/Databases
• Reference Resources
• Evidence Summaries & Clinical Guidelines
• Health Data & Statistics
• Grey Literature & Reports
• Framing Research Questions
• Selecting Databases
• Crafting a Search
• Narrowing / Filtering a Search
• Expanding a Search
• Cited Reference Searching
• Saving Searches
• Citing/Managing References
• What are Literature Reviews?
• Conducting & Reporting Systematic Reviews
• Finding Systematic Reviews
• Tutorials & Tools for Literature Reviews
• Critical Appraisal Resources
• Finding Full Text

Select Journals for Health Care Management

• Health Affairs This peer-reviewed journal publishes health policy thought and research and serves as a forum to promote analysis and discussion on improving health and health care, and to address such issues as cost, quality, and access.
• Health Care Management Review This journal disseminates state-of-the-art knowledge about management, leadership, and administration of health care systems, organizations, and agencies.
• Health Services Research HSR is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal that provides researchers and public and private policymakers with the latest research findings, methods, and concepts related to the financing, organization, delivery, evaluation, and outcomes of health services.
• Journal of Healthcare Management The official, peer-reviewed journal of the American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE), JMH provides healthcare leaders with the information they need to manage complex healthcare issues and to make effective strategic decisions.
• Medical Care Research and Review This peer-reviewed journal publishes original research and critical reviews of literature on organizational structure, economics, and the financing of health and medical care systems.

For additional journals relevant to this field, also see Supplemental Tables 5 and 6 in Burtis, Howell & Taylor (2021) .  

Selecting a Database

The scope of health administration and management is highly interdisciplinary, with potentially relevant sources being found in the literature of health care, but also in the literature of business administration, the social sciences, and public administration 1 .  

While a comprehensive search would include a combination of specialized databases within these fields, literature mapping research has shown that health care management topics are well-covered by searching general purpose multidisciplinary and health databases together 2 .  

• Taylor, M. K., Gebremichael, M. D., & Wagner, C. E. (2007). Mapping the literature of health care management . Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA, 95 (2), e58–e65. https://doi.org/10.3163/1588-9439.95.2.E58
• Burtis, A. T., Howell, S. M., & Taylor, M. K. (2021). Mapping the literature of health care management: an update . Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA, 109 (3), 464–471. https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2021.1121

Health Databases

• Medline via PubMed This link opens in a new window PubMed comprises over 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books, including the literature of health administration.
• Health Services Research (HSR) PubMed Queries A search interface to find PubMed citations relating to health care quality or to health care costs, Use keywords or subjects to describe the topic of interest, and then select a Category (e.g.: Appropriateness; Process assessment; Outcomes assessment; Costs; Economics; Qualitative research; Quality improvement). The search will run in PubMed, with a category hedge applied.
• CINAHL Complete This link opens in a new window CINAHL indexes over 3,800 journals from the fields of nursing and allied health, with indexing for selected journals back to 1937. Topics covered are related to nursing, physical therapy, health education, social service/healthcare, occupational therapy, and related disciplines. CINAHL also provides access to healthcare books, nursing dissertations, selected conference proceedings, standards of professional practice, educational software and audiovisual materials in nursing. Dates of coverage: 1937 to present.

Multidisciplinary Databases

• Web of Science Core Collection This link opens in a new window Web of Science Core Collection is a multidisciplinary citation index that includes scholarly articles, conference proceedings, and books in the biomedical, psychosocial, and arts and humanities. The collections contain Science Citation, Social Sciences Citation Index, Arts and Humanities Citation Index , Conference Proceedings Citation Index, Book Citation Index, Emerging Sources Citation Index and Current Chemical Reactions index.
• Scopus This link opens in a new window Scopus is a multidisciplinary index of peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings.
• ProQuest Central This link opens in a new window The largest multidisciplinary database with over 11,000 titles, scholarly sources as well as newspapers and popular periodicals. Includes ABI Inform Complete, (ABI/INFORM Global, ABI/INFORM Trade and Industry, and ABI/INFORM Dateline)

Suggested Search Terms

Some databases (e.g., PubMed and CINAHL) have robust subject thesauri that is used to index articles, while others (e.g., Web of Science and Scopus) do not use a subject thesaurus for indexing, and so you will rely entirely on keyword or topic searching.  

In PubMed, consider using these subject (MeSH) terms:

• Delivery of Health Care
• Health Care Reform
• Health Policy
• Health Services Administration
• Insurance, Health
• Managed Care Programs
• Health Care Costs
• Public Health Administration
• Quality Assurance, Health Care
• Quality of Health Care

In CINAHL, try these subject headings:

• Health Care Delivery
• Quality Management, Organizational
• Quality Assurance

Additional Sources for Locating Articles & Reports

Public administration & health policy.

• PAIS International This link opens in a new window PAIS International contains journal articles, books, government documents, statistical directories, grey literature, research reports, conference reports, publications of international agencies for public affairs, public and social policies, and international relations.
• Policy File This link opens in a new window Policy FIle offers access to U.S. foreign and domestic policy papers and gray literature, with abstracts and links to timely reports, papers, and documents from think tanks, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), research institutes, advocacy groups, agencies, and other entities.
• Policy Commons This link opens in a new window Policy Commons is a large database for public policy, with millions of reports, working papers, policy briefs, data sources, and media drawn from a directory of more than 20,000 IGOs, NGOs, think tanks, and research centers. Community tools allow users to upload, share, and discuss their discoveries. Includes module "World Cities" and contents form the Index to Current Urban Documents.
• Health Policy Reference Center This link opens in a new window Health Policy Reference Center contains full-text coverage of information relevant to many areas integral to health policy including, but not limited to: Health Care Access & Delivery, Health Care Administration, Health Care Financing & Economics, Health Care Planning, Health Care Quality, Health Care Reform, Health Insurance, Health Law, Health Services Research, Long Term Care, Maternal & Child Health, Medical & Health Care Ethics, Public Health, and Social Medicine.
• Columbia International Affairs Online (CIAO) This link opens in a new window Columbia International Affairs Online (CIAO) is a source for theory and research in international affairs. It includes scholarship, working papers from university research institutes, occasional papers series from NGOs, foundation-funded research projects, proceedings from conferences, books, journals, case studies for teaching, and policy briefs.

Further Research Guides

For more policy-focused resources and search advice, visit NYU Libraries' Public Policy and Administration Research Guide .

Also see the following research guides from other libraries related to the health policy and health law:

• Michigan State University: Health Care Policy A brief guide to useful sources of information on the complexities of health care policy.
• Pace University: Health Law A gateway to online resources, including federal, state, and international health law, health law topics, legal and medical journals and newsletters, legal and medical agencies and organizations, and relevant discussion groups.

Business & Economics

• ABI/INFORM This link opens in a new window ABI/INFORM features full-text journals, dissertations, working papers, key business, and economics periodicals. Researchers can locate country- and industry-focused reports, and its international focus provides a picture of companies and business trends around the world.
• Business Source Complete This link opens in a new window Business Source Complete is a full text database of articles from popular, scholarly, and trade publications. Subjects covered include management, economics, finance, accounting, international business. Dates of coverage: 1886 to present.

For more business-focused databases and search advice, visit NYU Libraries' Virtual Business Library (VBL)

Also see the following guides from other libraries related to the business aspects of health management:

• MIT Libraries: Health Care Management This guide covers resources for researching topics related to health care management including major stakeholders and issues of access, cost, delivery, utilization, quality, and outcomes.
• Michigan State University: Healthcare Management The MSU Business Library's guide for researching healthcare management.

Social Sciences & Public Health

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10 Current Database Research Topic Ideas in 2024

Home Blog Database 10 Current Database Research Topic Ideas in 2024

As we head towards the second half of 2024, the world of technology evolves at a rapid pace. With the rise of AI and blockchain, the demand for data, its management and the need for security increases rapidly. A logical consequence of these changes is the way fields like database security research topics and DBMS research have come up as the need of the hour.

With new technologies and techniques emerging day-by-day, staying up-to-date with the latest trends in database research topics is crucial. Whether you are a student, researcher, or industry professional, we recommend taking our Database Certification courses to stay current with the latest research topics in DBMS.

In this blog post, we will introduce you to 10 current database research topic ideas that are likely to be at the forefront of the field in 2024. From blockchain-based database systems to real-time data processing with in-memory databases, these topics offer a glimpse into the exciting future of database research.

So, get ready to dive into the exciting world of databases and discover the latest developments in database research topics of 2024!

Blurring the Lines between Blockchains and Database Systems 

The intersection of blockchain technology and database systems offers fertile new grounds to anyone interested in database research.

As blockchain gains popularity, many thesis topics in DBMS[1] are exploring ways to integrate both fields. This research will yield innovative solutions for data management. Here are 3 ways in which these two technologies are being combined to create powerful new solutions:

Immutable Databases: By leveraging blockchain technology, it’s possible to create databases to be immutable. Once data has been added to such a database, it cannot be modified or deleted. This is particularly useful in situations where data integrity is critical, such as in financial transactions or supply chain management.

Decentralized Databases: Blockchain technology enables the creation of decentralized databases. Here data is stored on a distributed network of computers rather than in a central location. This can help to improve data security and reduce the risk of data loss or corruption.

Smart Contracts: Smart contracts are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement between buyer and seller being directly written into lines of code. By leveraging blockchain technology, it is possible to create smart contracts that are stored and executed on a decentralized database, making it possible to automate a wide range of business processes.

Childhood Obesity: Data Management 

Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern, with rates of obesity among children and adolescents rising around the world. To address this issue, it’s crucial to have access to comprehensive data on childhood obesity. Analyzing information on prevalence, risk factors, and interventions is a popular research topic in DBMS these days.

Effective data management is essential for ensuring that this information is collected, stored, and analyzed in a way that is useful and actionable. This is one of the hottest DBMS research paper topics. In this section, we will explore the topic of childhood obesity data management.

A key challenge to childhood obesity data management is ensuring data consistency. This is difficult as various organizations have varied methods for measuring and defining obesity. For example:

Some may use body mass index (BMI) as a measure of obesity.

Others may use waist circumference or skinfold thickness.   Another challenge is ensuring data security and preventing unauthorized access. To protect the privacy and confidentiality of individuals, it is important to ensure appropriate safeguards are in place. This calls for database security research and appropriate application.

Application of Computer Database Technology in Marketing

Leveraging data and analytics allows businesses to gain a competitive advantage in this digitized world today. With the rising demand for data, the use of computer databases in marketing has gained prominence.

The application of database capabilities in marketing has really come into its own as one of the most popular and latest research topics in DBMS[2]. In this section, we will explore how computer database technology is being applied in marketing, and the benefits this research can offer.

Customer Segmentation: Storage and analysis of customer data makes it possible to gain valuable insights. It allows businesses to identify trends in customer behavior, preferences and demographics. This information can be utilized to create highly targeted customer segments. This is how businesses can tailor their marketing efforts to specific groups of customers.

Personalization: Computer databases can be used to store and analyze customer data in real-time. In this way, businesses can personalize their marketing and offers based on individual customer preferences. This can help increase engagement and loyalty among customers, thereby driving greater revenue for businesses.

Predictive Analytics: Advanced analytics techniques such as machine learning and predictive modeling can throw light on patterns in customer behavior. This can even be used to predict their future actions. This information can be used to create more targeted marketing campaigns, and to identify opportunities for cross-selling and upselling.

Database Technology in Sports Competition Information Management

Database technology has revolutionized the way in which sports competition information is managed and analyzed. With the increasing popularity of sports around the world, there is a growing need for effective data management systems that can collect, store, and analyze large volumes of relevant data. Thus, researching database technologies[3] is vital to streamlining operations, improving decision-making, and enhancing the overall quality of events.

Sports organizations can use database technology to collect and manage a wide range of competition-related data such as: 

Athlete and team information,

competition schedules and results,

performance metrics, and

spectator feedback.

Collating this data in a distributed database lets sports organizations easily analyze and derive valuable insights. This is emerging as a key DBMS research paper topic.

Database Technology for the Analysis of Spatio-temporal Data

Spatio-temporal data refers to data which has a geographic as well as a temporal component. Meteorological readings, GPS data, and social media content are prime examples of this diverse field. This data can provide valuable insights into patterns and trends across space and time. However, its multidimensional nature makes analysis be super challenging. It’s no surprise that this has become a hot topic for distributed database research[4].

In this section, we will explore how database technology is being used to analyze spatio-temporal data, and the benefits this research offers.

Data Storage and Retrieval: Spatio-temporal data tends to be very high-volume. Advances in database technology are needed to make storage, retrieval and consumption of such information more efficient. A solution to this problem will make such data more available. It will then be easily retrievable and usable by a variety of data analytics tools.

Spatial Indexing: Database technology can create spatial indexes to enable faster queries on spatio-temporal data. This allows analysts to quickly retrieve data for specific geographic locations or areas of interest, and to analyze trends across these areas.

Temporal Querying: Distributed database research can also enable analysts to analyze data over specific time periods. This facilitates the identification of patterns over time. Ultimately, this enhances our understanding of how these patterns evolve over various seasons.

Artificial Intelligence and Database Technology

Artificial intelligence (AI) is another sphere of technology that’s just waiting to be explored. It hints at a wealth of breakthroughs which can change the entire world. It’s unsurprising that the combination of AI with database technology is such a hot topic for database research papers[5] in modern times. 

By using AI to analyze data, organizations can identify patterns and relationships that might not be apparent through traditional data analysis methods. In this section, we will explore some of the ways in which AI and database technology are being used together. We’ll also discuss the benefits that this amalgamation can offer.

Predictive Analytics: By analyzing large volumes of organizational and business data, AI can generate predictive models to forecast outcomes. For example, AI can go through customer data stored in a database and predict who is most likely to make a purchase in the near future.

Natural Language Processing: All businesses have huge, untapped wells of valuable information in the form of customer feedback and social media posts. These types of data sources are unstructured, meaning they don’t follow rigid parameters. By using natural language processing (NLP) techniques, AI can extract insights from this data. This helps organizations understand customer sentiment, preferences and needs.

Anomaly Detection: AI can be used to analyze large volumes of data to identify anomalies and outliers. Then, a second round of analysis can be done to pinpoint potential problems or opportunities. For example, AI can analyze sensor data from manufacturing equipment and detect when equipment is operating outside of normal parameters.

Data Collection and Management Techniques of a Qualitative Research Plan

Any qualitative research calls for the collection and management of empirical data. A crucial part of the research process, this step benefits from good database management techniques. Let’s explore some thesis topics in database management systems[6] to ensure the success of a qualitative research plan.

Interviews: This is one of the most common methods of data collection in qualitative research. Interviews can be conducted in person, over the phone, or through video conferencing. A standardized interview guide ensures the data collected is reliable and accurate. Relational databases, with their inherent structure, aid in this process. They are a way to enforce structure onto the interviews’ answers.

Focus Groups: Focus groups involve gathering a small group of people to discuss a particular topic. These generate rich data by allowing participants to share their views in a group setting. It is important to select participants who have knowledge or experience related to the research topic.

Observations: Observations involve observing and recording events in a given setting. These can be conducted openly or covertly, depending on the research objective and setting. To ensure that the data collected is accurate, it is important to develop a detailed observation protocol that outlines what behaviors or events to observe, how to record data, and how to handle ethical issues.

Database Technology in Video Surveillance System 

Video surveillance systems are used to monitor and secure public spaces, workplaces, even homes. With the increasing demand for such systems, it’s important to have an efficient and reliable way to store, manage and analyze the data generated. This is where database topics for research paper [7] come in.

By using database technology in video surveillance systems, it is possible to store and manage large amounts of video data efficiently. Database management systems (DBMS) can be used to organize video data in a way that is easily searchable and retrievable. This is particularly important in cases where video footage is needed as evidence in criminal investigations or court cases.

In addition to storage and management, database technology can also be used to analyze video data. For example, machine learning algorithms can be applied to video data to identify patterns and anomalies that may indicate suspicious activity. This can help law enforcement agencies and security personnel to identify and respond to potential threats more quickly and effectively.

Application of Java Technology in Dynamic Web Database Technology 

Java technology has proven its flexibility, scalability, and ease of use over the decades. This makes it widely used in the development of dynamic web database applications. In this section, we will explore research topics in DBMS[8] which seek to apply Java technology in databases.

Java Server Pages (JSP): JSP is a Java technology that is used to create dynamic web pages that can interact with databases. It allows developers to embed Java code within HTML scripts, thereby enabling dynamic web pages. These can interact with databases in real-time, and aid in data collection and maintenance.

Java Servlets: Java Servlets are Java classes used to extend the functionality of web servers. They provide a way to handle incoming requests from web browsers and generate dynamic content that can interact with databases.

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC): JDBC is a Java API that provides a standard interface for accessing databases. It allows Java applications to connect to databases. It can SQL queries to enhance, modify or control the backend database. This enables developers to create dynamic web applications.

Online Multi Module Educational Administration System Based on Time Difference Database Technology 

With the widespread adoption of remote learning post-COVID, online educational systems are gaining popularity at a rapid pace. A ubiquitous challenge these systems face is managing multiple modules across different time zones. This is one of the latest research topics in database management systems[9].

Time difference database technology is designed to handle time zone differences in online systems. By leveraging this, it’s possible to create a multi-module educational administration system that can handle users from different parts of the world, with different time zones.

This type of system can be especially useful for online universities or other educational institutions that have a global reach:

It makes it possible to schedule classes, assignments and other activities based on the user's time zone, ensuring that everyone can participate in real-time.

In addition to managing time zones, a time difference database system can also help manage student data, course materials, grades, and other important information.

Why is it Important to Study Databases?

Databases are the backbone of many modern technologies and applications, making it essential for professionals in various fields to understand how they work. Whether you're a software developer, data analyst or a business owner, understanding databases is critical to success in today's world. Here are a few reasons why it is important to study databases and more database topics for research paper should be published:

Efficient Data Management

Databases enable the efficient storage, organization, and retrieval of data. By studying databases, you can learn how to design and implement effective data management systems that can help organizations store, analyze, and use data efficiently.

Improved Decision-Making

Data is essential for making informed decisions, and databases provide a reliable source of data for analysis. By understanding databases, you can learn how to retrieve and analyze data to inform business decisions, identify trends, and gain insights.

Career Opportunities

In today's digital age, many career paths require knowledge of databases. By studying databases, you can open up new career opportunities in software development, data analysis, database administration and related fields.

Needless to say, studying databases is essential for anyone who deals with data. Whether you're looking to start a new career or enhance your existing skills, studying databases is a critical step towards success in today's data-driven world.

Final Takeaways

In conclusion, as you are interested in database technology, we hope this blog has given you some insights into the latest research topics in the field. From blockchain to AI, from sports to marketing, there are a plethora of exciting database topics for research papers that will shape the future of database technology.

As technology continues to evolve, it is essential to stay up-to-date with the latest trends in the field of databases. Our curated KnowledgeHut Database Certification Courses will help you stay ahead of the curve and develop new skills.

We hope this blog has inspired you to explore the exciting world of database research in 2024. Stay curious and keep learning!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

There are several examples of databases, with the five most common ones being:

MySQL : An open-source RDBMS used commonly in web applications.

Microsoft SQL Server : A popular RDBMS used in enterprise environments.

Oracle : A trusted commercial RDBMS famous for its high-scalability and security.

MongoDB : A NoSQL document-oriented database optimized for storing large amounts of unstructured data.

PostgreSQL : An open-source RDBMS offering advanced features like high concurrency and support for multiple data types.

Structured Query Language (SQL) is a high-level language designed to communicate with relational databases. It’s not a database in and of itself. Rather, it’s a language used to create, modify, and retrieve data from relational databases such as MySQL and Oracle.

A primary key is a column (or a set of columns) that uniquely identifies each row in a table. In technical terms, the primary key is a unique identifier of records. It’s used as a reference to establish relationships between various tables.

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Database Administrator (DBA) Research Papers Example

Type of paper: Research Paper

Topic: Data Analysis , Software , Windows , Integrity , Organization , Information , Relationships , Management

Words: 2250

Published: 03/01/2020

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Data is a term that represents the raw facts about an entity about which a person or organization may have need to store. A computer user feeds this data into a computer using input devices such as a keyboard or scanner, where the data gets manipulated by specialized computer programs. This is called processing after which meaningful and well organized data results. This is called information. With time an organization accumulates large amount of data and information. The USG (2014) asserts that an organization must therefore store this data and information into an organized and efficient system where users may access it easily and fast, and use it when need arises. This is what constitutes a database. When an organization performs this process using computers and related software, the result is an electronic database. A database can be as simple as a book catalogue in the local library, maintaining a simple inventory of the books in the library and the keeping the borrowing and return records, or a simple filing system in an office. This is usually a manual database that can be managed easily by an employee in the organization. However, in many large modern organizations, the use of information and communication technology (ICT) demands that the system maintains an electronic database. An electronic database works within a specific model which defines its logical structure and depicts the relationships that exist between the data in the database. KUAS (2014) identifies three distinct types of electronic database models namely Network, Hierarchical, and Relational. The hierarchical model breaks down data progressively into a tree structure. A network model interlinks different elements of data in such a way that data items become accessible through others. The most commonly used model is the relational model which represents data in form of two-dimensional (2D) tables called relations. According to KUAS (2014), the data table consists of rows and columns. Rows represent one complete set of characteristics that form that data item or entity. Rows are also called turples or records or entities. Columns represent each individual characteristic of an entity. They are also called fields or attributes. The programs or software that manage the database in terms of data input, validation, storage, extraction, reporting, and so on are called database management systems or software (DBMS). In a relational environment, they adopt the name relational database management systems (RDBMS). For the purposes of this paper, we will place a bias on the RDBMS. Modern databases maintain huge amounts of data, for example, a bank that has branches spread across a country, a continent and even all over the world, coupled with a global automated teller machine (ATM) network would have millions of customers performing millions of transactions daily. This would result to a huge and complex database that maintains the customers’ details, all ATM transactions details, counter transactions, loans records, interests and fines, bank administrative records such as accountancy, payroll, investments, and so on. A database of this magnitude and complexity requires the attention of a database professional called a database administrator (DBA).

Structured Query Language (SQL)

KUAS (2014) describes SQL as a computer programming language that serves as a standard across a diversity of databases in the manipulation of the data within a relational database. SQL is mostly inbuilt into database management software (DBMS) such as dBASE, Microsoft Access, and so on, although there are independent versions of it such as MySQL. The language has received global acclamation for example from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and International Standardization Organization (ISO) because of its seamless cross-system ability to manipulate data inside relational databases. According to KUAS (2014), SQL operates using six specific paradigms. These include; - DELETE – this operation removes the record that meets a given condition from the table. - UPDATE – this modifies the value for a record that meets a given condition with the new (provided) value. - PROJECT – this creates a new relation with values extracted from another relation. - JOIN – it creates a new relation by combining data from two relations that share common characteristics. - UNION – this provides the ability to extract data simultaneously from two relations that share common attributes. - INTERSECTION – this operation creates a new table from two different tables that share common attributes, in such a way that the two tables become accessible through the new intersection relation. - DIFFERENCE – the operation compares two tables with the same attributes exactly. It then extracts all the records from the first relation that do not exist in the second relation, and stores them into a new table. A DBA according to Timothy O’Leary and Linda O’Leary (26) is a well-trained and experienced computer scientist who holds a minimum of a university degree in computer science. In a nutshell, the responsibilities of a DBA include identifying the most effective and efficient system for the storage, organization, and easy and fast access to the organization’s database. Mark Spenik and Orryn Sledge (2001) emphasizes that the DBA ensures that the database server is available always, and that a DBA would most probably have a database design and administration background. The DBA has a major responsibility to protect the database. According to Robidoux (2014), the most effective method is the Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP). The DBA evaluates the threat to the database progressively downwards i.e. from the server level, to the database level, and finally to the table (relation) level. Again, since relational databases constitute several relations within the database, and such databases may be spread out across several servers, the DBA must prepare a priority list showing which server or database would be affected first and the order of events trickling downwards. The next step is to identify the plan of action to take on each of these levels in case the disaster struck. After identifying the threats and the plan of action, Robidoux (2014) recommends carrying out of tests to ensure that the plan actually works. The DBA also institutes security mechanisms for the protection of the database against un-authorized access, data corruption, data integrity and loss. He or she is also responsible for making copies of the database at reasonable intervals, a process called data backup, so that the system remains secure even in the event of mishap such as data corruption, hacker attack, virus infection, and so on. Robidoux (2014) cautions that an effective backup system should consist of daily full backups and transaction log back up every 15 minutes or every one hour, or a full daily backup depending on the sensitivity and complexity of the system and its data. Backups constitute security against data loss. Microsoft (2014) asserts that the DBA can create backups through bulk copying. He or she can perform this using the SQL command-line tool BCP or BULK INSERT. The DBA may also delegate this work to a trusted user by allocating them a server-login account, and giving them read and write (R/W) privileges. Again, Microsoft (2014) suggests that the DBA may also have the responsibility of applying SQL hot-fixes. In the event that he or she needs to delegate this work, the DBA must provide the user with an account in the Local Administrator group. The DBA must ensure the security of the system and manage the same through the security levels. Robidoux (2014) asserts that these levels are available both at the operating system (OS) level and the SQL server level. To fully protect the database from unauthorized access such as doorways, the DBA must implement access permissions at both level. Operating systems allow at least three access levels which include administrator (full access), standard users (limited access to OS features but full access to applications) and guest (limited access to user applications only). According to Robidoux (2014), the DBA should also implement SQL Server roles which set out permissions for SQL Server access, database access, and table access. The DBA must ensure that users have only as much access as they need. Microsoft (2014) provides a unique angle to the issue of user permissions by stating that the DBA must institute permissions for the startup account for SQL Server and the SQL server agent. Since the SQL Server and the SQL Server agent startup accounts can belong to the Domain Users group, the DBA may exempt them from the powerful local administrator group. This way the DBA makes both effective users of the database but devoid of the power of the database administrators. The DBA is also responsible for starting up and shutting down both the SQL Server and SQL Server Agent Services. The DBA also has the responsibility of running system and data integrity checks daily. According to Robidoux (2014), SQL servers are constantly monitored by DBAs and offer utilities for performing integrity checks such as DBCC. Microsoft (2014) informs DBCC is the process checking the consistency of databases. The tools are effective in checking logical integrity of data including allocation and structure. They produce reports that the DBA can study in order to identify any issues that demand the DBA’s attention. Examples of those tools include DBCC CHECKTABLE, DBCC CHECKDB, and so on. The other sensitive responsibility of the DBA is maintenance of indices (indexes) created in SQL databases. An index is a database tool that speeds up retrieval of data by pointing at specific data pages in the database. This way, the search is constrained to the pages pointed at rather than an attempt at searching the entire database. New indices are fast and efficient but with time they become fragmented and slow down the search process. Robidoux (2014) asserts that the DBA can perform index maintenance through maintenance plans that perform routine rebuilding of indices and defragmentation of indices. Index defragmentation is the process of identifying all the fragments of each index, combining them to form a single index, rewriting the new index into a fresh location and deleting all the fragments. SQL-based systems such as the SQL server constantly write event logs such as error logs every time the error occurs. It is the responsibility of the DBA to monitor and review these logs in order to identify areas that need attention and correction. Robidoux (2014) identifies the SQL server error log as the most common log that DBAs target. The other logs that a DBA must review include the operating system log, SQL server database mail, and SQL server agent. Reviewing these logs help the DBA to trace the source of errors and identify the nature of that error, and this way he or she will manage to correct the error. Logs identify events such as time of the event, backup information, database integrity, disk integrity, and so on. The other responsibility of the DBA is the management of the SQL Server Agent job scheduler. Robidoux (2014) asserts that this agent is useful in the automation of several DBA responsibilities. If the DBA manages the SQL Server Agent well, then it may take away a huge load of his or her shoulders. The agent can automate data backup, integrity checks, rebuilding of the index, and so on. The DBA must allocate the jobs for automation to the agent and constantly monitor that the tasks are performed successfully every time. Another important role of the DBA is monitoring of the performance of the system, and not just the database. Sometimes the RDBMS may not be operating at their best, and this creates the impression that the database is not efficient. The DBA must monitor the applications, which comprise mainly of SQL operations, to ensure that they are operating optimally. Robidoux (2014) suggests that the DBA has useful SQL at his or her disposal which includes Database Engine-tuning Advisor, Index Tuning Wizard, performance monitor (Microsoft 2014), and so on. According to IBM (2012), the task of monitoring performance includes analyzing SQL statements in order to determine where there may be delays in execution, and identifying when the database performs rollback on large transactions thus adversely affecting other transactions. Again, sometimes the system experiences a lock. The DBA identifies the source of locks by performing traces on SQL statements, and identifying slow SQL executions.

Works Cited

O’Leary, Timothy, J. and Linda I.O’Leary. “Databases”. Computing Essentials, 2008. Web. 5 May 2014. <http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~harry/cs105/slides/Chapter12.pdf> Microsoft, Microsoft SQL Server, 2014. Web. 7 May 2014. <http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/forums/sqlserver/en-US/96d6cc09-4ece-43cb-9bc5-c398ea454cbd/dba-responsibilities> National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences (KUAS), Databases, Foundations of Computer Science Cengage Learning, 2014, Web. 3 May 2014. <http://www.csie.kuas.edu.tw/course/CS/old/english/ch-14.ppt> Robidoux. Greg. SQL Server DBA Database Management Checklist. 2014. Web. 7 May 2014. <http://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/1278/sql-server-dba-database-management-checklist/> Spenik, Mark, Sledge, Oryn. “What is a Database Administrator”, Sams Publishing, 20 March 2001. Web. 7 May 2014. <http://www.developer.com/db/article.php/718491/What-Is-a-Database-Administrator.htm> 2014. Web. 3 May 2014. <http://www.usg.edu/galileo/skills/unit04/primer04_01.phtml>

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• Border and Migration Studies Online This link opens in a new window Border and Migration Studies Online is a collection that explores and provides historical background on more than thirty key worldwide border areas, including: U.S. and Mexico; the European Union; Afghanistan; Israel; Turkey; The Congo; Argentina; China; Thailand; and others. more... less... "Border and Migration Studies Online is a collection that explores and provides historical background on more than thirty key worldwide border areas, including: U.S. and Mexico; the European Union; Afghanistan; Israel; Turkey; The Congo; Argentina; China; Thailand; and others. Featuring at completion 100,000 pages of text, 175 hours of video, and 1,000 images, the collection is organized around fundamental themes associated with border and migration issues."
• CIAO (Columbia International Affairs Online) This link opens in a new window Has some journal content covering international affairs. The best source for think tank papers with an international bent. Most are full-text. more... less... CIAO (Columbia International Affairs Online) is a comprehensive source for research in international affairs. It includes full text of selected books on international affairs, working papers from university research institutes, occasional papers series from NGOs, foundation-funded research projects, and proceedings from conferences. It also, contains abstracts and some full text of selected journal articles
• Congressional Research Service Reports This link opens in a new window Research papers written by the Library of Congress for the use of Congress. Provide objective, non-partisan analysis of public policy issues before the legislature. Full text PDF of reports. more... less... Research papers written by the Library of Congress for the use of Congress. Provide objective, non-partisan analysis of public policy issues before the legislature. Full text PDF of reports.
• Digital National Security Archive (DNSA) This link opens in a new window DNSA is a full-text, online resource providing coverage of more than 150,000 curated primary source documents culled from the collections of the National Security Archive. more... less... DNSA is a full-text, online resource providing coverage of more than 150,000 curated primary source documents culled from the collections of the National Security Archive. There are 63 complete collections such as the Cuban Missile Crisis, death squads in Guatemala, US relations with Iran and Iraq, Afghanistan, and terrorism policy.
• Homeland Security Digital Library (HSDL) This link opens in a new window Homeland security strategy, policy and research documents published by: Federal, state and local government agencies; International governments and institutions; and Research institutions, universities, think tanks. more... less... The Homeland Security Digital Library is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Office of Grants and Training and the Naval Postgraduate School's Center for Homeland Defense and Security. The HSDL is the nation's premier tool for homeland security policy and strategy research. The collection includes homeland security strategy, policy and research documents published by: Federal, state and local government agencies; International governments and institutions; and Research institutions, universities, think tanks.
• LionSearch This link opens in a new window An integrated search of books, e-books, research articles, newspaper articles, and other publications.
• National Criminal Justice Reference Service Abstracts This link opens in a new window Summaries of more than 150,000 publications on criminal justice. more... less... The National Criminal Justice Reference Service Abstracts Database contains summaries of more than 150,000 publications on criminal justice, including Federal, state, and local government reports, books, research reports, journal articles, and unpublished research. Subject areas include corrections, courts, drugs and crime, law enforcement, juvenile justice, crime statistics, and victims of crime. Coverage: The time period covered is from the early 1970's to the present.
• PAIS Index This link opens in a new window This resource covers issues in the public debate through selective coverage of a wide variety of international sources including journal articles, books, government documents, statistical directories, grey literature, research reports, conference papers, web content, and more. more... less... This resource covers issues in the public debate through selective coverage of a wide variety of international sources including journal articles, books, government documents, statistical directories, grey literature, research reports, conference papers, web content, and more. PAIS International is the current file covering 1972 to present, and PAIS Archive includes the content from printed volumes published 1915-1976.
• Peace Research Abstracts This link opens in a new window Focuses specifically on the literature of peace and conflict studies. more... less... Covers essential areas related to peace research, including conflict resolution, international affairs, peace psychology, Genocide, human rights, international law, refugees voluntary and nongovernmental organizations, armed conficts, civil wars, territorial disputes, terrorism, counterterrorism, democratization, migration, arms control, peacekeeping, peacebuilding, humanitarian aid, cultural relations, race relations, interpersonal violence, ethnic relations, race relations, and other areas of key relevance to the discipline.
• Policy Commons This link opens in a new window Database for public policy, with more than 3.2 million reports, working papers, policy briefs, data sources, and media drawn from a directory of more than 24,000 IGOs, NGOs, think tanks, and research centers. more... less... Database for public policy, with more than 3.2 million reports, working papers, policy briefs, data sources, and media drawn from a directory of more than 24,000 IGOs, NGOs, think tanks, and research centers.
• ProQuest (Multiple Databases) This link opens in a new window Includes popular magazines, professional magazines, and scholarly journals in all subject areas. more... less... Searches multiple ProQuest products, indexing 5,000+ magazines, journals, and newspapers. Keywords: news, New York Times, current events, contemporary issues, hot topics, English 15, CAS 100.
• Security Issues Online This link opens in a new window Security Issues Online delves into conflicts, policies, and relationships that have impacted the global arena throughout modern history. more... less... "Security Issues Online delves into conflicts, policies, and relationships that have impacted the global arena throughout modern history. At completion, this collection will include at completion 175 hours of video and 100,000 pages of printed materials (personal papers, organizations, government documents, journals, reports, monographs, and speeches). It is organized around more than forty events and areas and includes a wide array of themes such as terrorism and counterterrorism, insurgency and counterinsurgency, cybersecurity, ethnic conflicts and resolution, and nuclear threats."
• Social Explorer This link opens in a new window Access to demographic info about the U.S. Easily create visual maps and reports. more... less... Social Explorer provides easy access to demographic information about the United States, from 1790 to present. It allows you to easily create visual maps and reports for a variety of variables.
• Social Sciences Citation Index This link opens in a new window Important if you want to focus on journal articles that are most heavily cited by other researchers. more... less... The Social Sciences Citation Index is a multidisciplinary index to the journal literature of the social sciences.
• Worldwide Political Science Abstracts This link opens in a new window The best place to start. Some full text is available in the database. It also includes links out to E-Journal content through Get It! more... less... Worldwide Political Science Abstracts is building on the merged backfiles of Political Science Abstracts, published by IFI / Plenum, 1975-2000, and ABC POL SCI, published by ABC-CLIO, 1984-2000. The database provides citations, abstracts, and indexing of the international serials literature in political science and its complementary fields, including international relations, law, and public administration / policy. The serials list of the new database is actively under construction, with a focus on expanding international coverage. As of February 2004 approximately 1,432 titles are being monitored for coverage; this list will continue to grow.
• List of journals covered by Worldwide Political Science Abstracts [Excel]

Other Databases

• America: History & Life with Full Text This link opens in a new window Covers articles in history journals which may not be covered in databases focused purely on political science. Focuses on United States history. more... less... Search for articles on all aspects of the history of the United States and Canada from prehistory to the present. Articles from national, state and local historical journals are covered, as well as historical articles in major humanities and social science journals. Also includes citations to reviews, books, and dissertations. Keywords: African-American, Afro-American, Black, Hispanic, Latino, Colonial, Pennsylvania, Native Americans, women, gender, revolution, revolutionary war, civil war, Vietnam War, Cold War, World War I, World War II, Immigration, Immigrants, labor, agriculture, culture, society, politics, religion, economic, military, historiography.
• Amnesty International Archives This link opens in a new window The material within this collection is vital for studying the history of key political events, global social change and the development of a global movement for human rights covering themes including state violence, political prisoners, minority rights and more. more... less... "The material within this collection is vital for studying the history of key political events, global social change and the development of a global movement for human rights covering themes including state violence, political prisoners, minority rights and more."
• EconLit This link opens in a new window Covers journals in the field of economics, and picks up political economy. more... less... EconLit provides citations, with selected abstracts, to the international publications on economics since 1969. EconLit covers a broad range of document types, including journal articles, books, dissertations, and articles in collective works.
• Google Scholar This link opens in a new window Although you could go directly to Google Scholar, use this link instead. This is the most reliable way to make sure you will see the "Get it! @ Penn State" link. more... less... Google Scholar enables you to search specifically for scholarly literature, including peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, preprints, abstracts and technical reports from all broad areas of research. Use Google Scholar to find articles from a wide variety of academic publishers, professional societies, preprint repositories and universities, as well as scholarly articles available across the web. Once you set your institutional preferences, links to full-text, if available at Penn State, should appear.
• Historical Abstracts with Full Text This link opens in a new window Like America: History and Life, Historical Abstracts contains useful articles on political history. Covers nations beyond the U.S. more... less... Search for articles and other publications on world history from 1450 to present, (except for the United States and Canada which are indexed in the companion work, America: History and Life). The database includes articles in journals worldwide, including a selection of major social science and humanities journals. Also included are references to dissertations and books.
• JSTOR This link opens in a new window Does not have the last 3 to 5 years of most journals, but does contain long archives of key journals. more... less... JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization that provides a trusted archive of important scholarly journals and a selection of scholarly books. Content in JSTOR spans many disciplines, primarily in the humanities and social sciences. While indexing for JSTOR articles is covered in LionSearch, the full text of the articles is not searched in LionSearch. Search JSTOR itself to ensure detailed coverage of full texts.
• Nexis Uni - News Sources This link opens in a new window Helpful for tracking court cases. more... less... This link allows you to limit your search to Nexis Uni’s news collection, without the law and business collections mixed in. If you want to search the entire Nexis Uni collection (including law and business), select the “Nexis Uni” link instead.
• OECD iLibrary This link opens in a new window Reports, statistics, and other items from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. more... less... Full-text book and serial publications from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Also includes many of the data sets available from the organization.
• Oxford Bibliographies: Political Science Brief essays by experts on major topics in and assortment of arts and humanities disciplines. Each essay selects and describes the important scholarship on the topic. Items in the annotated bibliographies usually link to library holdings.
• Oxford Bibliographies: Public Health Brief essays by experts on major topics in and assortment of arts and humanities disciplines. Each essay selects and describes the important scholarship on the topic. Items in the annotated bibliographies usually link to library holdings.
• Oxford Bibliographies: Sociology Brief essays by experts on major topics in and assortment of arts and humanities disciplines. Each essay selects and describes the important scholarship on the topic. Items in the annotated bibliographies usually link to library holdings.
• Oxford Bibliographies: Urban Studies Brief essays by experts on major topics in and assortment of arts and humanities disciplines. Each essay selects and describes the important scholarship on the topic. Items in the annotated bibliographies usually link to library holdings.
• Oxford Handbooks Online: Scholarly Research Reviews This link opens in a new window PSU subscribed subjects include Business & Management, Criminology & Criminal Justice, Economics & Finance, History, Law, Political Science, Psychology, and Sociology. more... less... The complete texts of the Oxford Handbooks in multiple disciplines and subject areas. These Handbooks contain in-depth, high-level articles by scholars at the top of their field. Handbooks are an excellent source for reviews of literature around major themes. PSU subscribed subjects include Business & Management, Classical Studies, Criminology & Criminal Justice, Economics & Finance, History, Linguistics, Literature, Music, Philosophy, Political Science, and Religion.
• Project MUSE This link opens in a new window Current, full-text journals in the humanities and social sciences from university presses and scholarly societies. more... less... Project MUSE is a unique collaboration between libraries and publishers providing 100% full-text, affordable and user-friendly online access to high quality humanities, arts, and social sciences journals from scholarly publishers. MUSE began in 1993 as a pioneering joint project of the Johns Hopkins University Press and the Milton S. Eisenhower Library at JHU. Grants from the Mellon Foundation and the National Endowment for the Humanities allowed MUSE to go live with JHU Press journals in 1995. Journals from other publishers were first incorporated in 2000, with additional university press and scholarly society publishers joining in each subsequent year.
• SAGE Research Methods Core This link opens in a new window SAGE Research Methods is a research methods tool created to help researchers, faculty and students with their research projects. more... less... SAGE Research Methods is a research methods tool created to help researchers, faculty and students with their research projects. SAGE Research Methods links over 100,000 pages of SAGE's renowned book, journal and reference content with truly advanced search and discovery tools. Researchers can explore methods concepts to help them design research projects, understand particular methods or identify a new method, conduct their research, and write up their findings. Since SAGE Research Methods focuses on methodology rather than disciplines, it can be used across the social sciences, health sciences, and more. SAGE Research Methods contains content from more than 640 books, dictionaries, encyclopedias, and handbooks, the entire Little Green Book, and Little Blue Book series, two Major Works collating a selection of journal articles, and newly commissioned videos. Our access is to: SRM Core Update 2020-2025; SRM Cases (includes updates through 2025); SRM Cases 2.
• Scopus This link opens in a new window Scopus is an abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature, including scientific journals, books and conference proceedings, covering research topics across scientific and technical disciplines, ranging from medicine and social sciences to arts and humanities. It includes citation data and tools that track, analyze and visualize research productivity and metrics. more... less... Scopus is an abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature, including scientific journals, books and conference proceedings, covering research topics across scientific and technical disciplines, ranging from medicine and social sciences to arts and humanities. It includes citation data and tools that track, analyze and visualize research productivity and metrics.
• Web of Science This link opens in a new window Web of Science provides access to: the Science Citation Index Expanded 1900-present; the Social Sciences Citation Index 1956-present; and the Arts & Humanities Citation Index 1975-present. Web of Science indexes articles from thousands of journals and also indexes the citations used in those articles, thus allowing the user to see which papers have cited a core paper, and how many times a paper was cited in a given time period. Covers published content is almost every discipline. more... less... Web of Science provides access to: the Science Citation Index Expanded 1900-present; the Social Sciences Citation Index 1956-present; and the Arts & Humanities Citation Index 1975-present. Web of Science indexes articles from thousands of journals and also indexes the citations used in those articles, thus allowing the user to see which papers have cited a core paper, and how many times a paper was cited in a given time period. Covers published content is almost every discipline.
• World Bank Documents and Reports The World Bank has published over 200,000 documents to increase understanding of development policies and programs. These reports, working papers, and documents, along with the primary data on which they are based, are available online at no cost.
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CDRH Issues 2024 Safety and Innovation Reports

Reports highlight CDRH actions to advance medical device safety and innovation and build on these efforts this year.

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE April 17, 2024

The following is attributed to Jeff Shuren, M.D., J.D., director of the FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH)

Today, CDRH is issuing two companion reports that detail the Center's commitment to further advance our core pillars of safety and innovation. The CDRH 2024 Safety Report is an update to our 2018 Medical Device Safety Action Plan and features steps we have taken in recent years to assure the safety of medical devices keeps pace with the evolving technology. The CDRH 2024 Innovation Report highlights our work to advance innovation and the progress we have made to make the U.S. market more attractive to top device developers.

As we have long stated, safety and innovation are not polar opposites, but rather two sides of the same coin. Our focus on safety and innovation stems from our vision to protect and promote the public health by assuring that medical devices on the U.S. market are high-quality, safe and effective, and that patients and providers have timely and continued access to these devices.

Since 2009, CDRH has focused our efforts on advancing the development of safer, more effective medical devices that provide a significant benefit to the public health. As such, we enhanced our clinical trial and premarket review programs, including the 510(k) and De Novo pathways, and created new programs like the Breakthrough Devices Program , the Safety and Performance Based Pathway and the Safer Technologies Program to help reduce barriers for innovators. As a result of these actions and other past and ongoing efforts, the number of innovative medical devices authorized annually in the U.S. has increased five-fold since 2009.

In parallel, we took significant actions to improve device safety and enhanced our ability to identify and address new safety signals. We achieved an ambitious set of goals outlined in our 2018 Medical Device Safety Action Plan to help ensure patient safety throughout the Total Product Life Cycle (TPLC) of a medical device. We made improvements and updates to our medical device reporting programs, including updating the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database, vastly improved our recalls program, and took steps to ensure the timely communication and resolution of new or known safety issues.

And throughout, we partnered with patients and incorporated their voices into our work, including establishing our Patient Science and Engagement Program, because at the end of the day, improving the health and the quality of life of people is at the core of our public health mission.

We are proud of the progress we've made to advance innovation and improve the safety of medical devices, and we continue to build on these efforts, as resources and additional capabilities permit. One of the challenges we face, though, is the sheer volume of products and producers. Today there about 257,000 different types of medical devices on the U.S. market, made by approximately 22,000 manufacturing facilities worldwide, and CDRH authorizes roughly a dozen new or modified devices every business day. Despite that, the number of new or increased known safety issues involve only a small fraction of technologies and many can be addressed without any changes to the device itself. However, the impact to people can be significant, which is why we need to continuously take steps to advance both safety and innovation.

This year, we will take additional actions to help further ensure innovative, high-quality, safe, and effective devices are developed and marketed to U.S. patients. As further detailed in the 2024 Innovation Report, three actions we plan to take this year include: reimagining our premarket review program, expanding our footprint in geographical innovation centers, and launching a new home as a health care hub to extend first-class care into the home. Additionally, as detailed in the 2024 Safety Report, three actions we plan to take this year include: expanding a program to assist companies improve their device quality efforts, strengthening active surveillance, and enhancing the medical device recall process.

Through these new actions and the work detailed in the 2024 Safety and Innovation reports, CDRH remains committed to furthering our mission to protect and promote the public health and ensure our organization is well-positioned to meet the needs of all people and changes in the medical device ecosystem.

Additional Resources:

• 2024 Innovation Report
• 2024 Safety Report
• 2018 Medical Device Safety Action Plan

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Green Chemistry

One-pot furfural production from sustainable biomass-derived sugars using a functionalized covalent organic framework as a heterogeneous catalyst †.

* Corresponding authors

a State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China E-mail: [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected]

b Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control of Guangxi, College of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China

This paper reports an innovative work on the green production of furfural using a covalent organic framework (COF), thereby expanding the range of catalysts in the furfural manufacturing industry and achieving efficient production of furfural from sustainable biomass-derived sugars. The research results will provide a theoretical basis for the green and sustainable production of furfural.

Supplementary files

• Supplementary information PDF (1018K)

Article information

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One-pot furfural production from sustainable biomass-derived sugars using a functionalized covalent organic framework as a heterogeneous catalyst

P. Gan, K. Zhang, Z. Li, C. Zhang, G. Yang, L. Zhang, B. Wang and J. Chen, Green Chem. , 2024, Advance Article , DOI: 10.1039/D4GC00643G

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