sharing information essay

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IELTS Writing Task 2/ Essay Topics with sample answer.

Ielts essay # 1192 - it is good to share as much information as possible in scientific research, ielts writing task 2/ ielts essay:, some people believe that it is good to share as much information as possible in scientific research, business and the academic world. others believe that some information is too important or too valuable to be shared freely., discuss both these views and give your own opinion..

• IELTS Essay
• Writing Task 2
• IELTS Essay Sample
• Discuss both views
• Essay Writing
• Discussion Essay

Some people believe that all sensitive and highly important information, such as recent breakthroughs in the economy, military and scientific innovations should be shared for the sake of modern society's well-being, while others believe that sharing sensitive information could devastate society at large and lead to catastrophic consequences. This essay will consider both perspectives but will aim to support the latter opinion, as a widespread circulation of sensitive information could lead to irreversible consequences. On the one hand, sharing pivotal facts and recent discoveries in science and technology with others could be dangerous for the most vulnerable parts of our society and could ruin the global economy. Some of the important facts and discoveries could be misused by the officials of rival countries. Moreover, some terrorist organizations could use the recent investigations to create high-tech weapons or biological tools to eradicate certain nations from the world. To illustrate, if nuclear technology is publicly shared, terrorist organisations will own them and create weapons of mass destruction. Nevertheless, some information is necessary to the society's development and a vast amount of the past and current investigations made by the scientists who shared and successfully collaborated with both local and overseas experts in various areas are needed for future development. For example, the latest vaccine against Covid-19 was created by a large group of different specialists, who by joint efforts and equal academic contributions, designed an effective vaccine in just 11 months to save the life of millions all around the world. It exemplifies how shared knowledge can save our life. In conclusion, some rare instances aside, the top-secret information and key investigations must be covered and kept protected for the overall benefit of the world.

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• Sharing Information

IELTS WRITING TASK 2

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write at least 250 words about the following topic:

Certain individuals support the idea of sharing as much information as possible in scientific research, business, and academia. However, others argue that certain information is too crucial or valuable to be shared freely. Examine both perspectives and present your own opinion

Sample Answer, C1 English Level, Advanced, Band Score 6.5-7.5

• Paraphrase: The topic explores the dilemma of information sharing in scientific research, business, and academia, with some advocating for openness while others argue for restrictions.
• Main opinion or idea: Striking a balance between transparency and protection is essential in the context of information sharing.
• Support for the main opinion: Open information sharing can foster collaboration, knowledge dissemination, and innovation. Personal experiences in academia have shown the benefits of freely accessible research findings.
• Support for the main opinion: While open sharing is advantageous, certain information, like trade secrets and sensitive data, should be protected in business and scientific research. Proper regulations can govern responsible dissemination.
• Summary of body paragraphs: Information sharing has merits, but some data requires safeguarding to preserve innovation and security.
• Restate the main opinion: A balanced approach that considers potential benefits and risks is necessary to harness the power of information responsibly. By doing so, we can promote collaboration while upholding ethical and legal standards for the greater good.

In scientific research, business, and academia, the question of whether to share information freely or restrict access has sparked a contentious debate. Some argue in favor of maximum transparency, advocating for the free flow of information to foster collaboration and progress. However, others contend that certain data is too valuable or critical to be shared openly. This essay will explore both perspectives and present my own opinion on this complex issue.

Supporters of open information sharing emphasize the positive outcomes it can bring. Through my experiences in academia, I have observed how freely accessible research findings promote knowledge dissemination and spark new ideas. By breaking down barriers to information, experts from diverse backgrounds can collaborate more effectively, leading to groundbreaking discoveries that benefit society as a whole.

On the other hand, it is essential to consider the implications of unrestricted data sharing. In the business world, trade secrets and proprietary information play a pivotal role in maintaining a competitive edge. Safeguarding certain details can incentivize innovation and protect the interests of companies. Similarly, in scientific research, sensitive data may require controlled access to ensure ethical considerations are met.

In my view, striking a balance between transparency and protection is crucial. While open information sharing fosters collaboration and innovation, some data must be safeguarded to maintain integrity and protect stakeholders’ interests. Proper regulations and ethical guidelines can govern the responsible dissemination of sensitive information, ensuring that the benefits of sharing do not compromise security and privacy.

In conclusion, the debate surrounding information sharing in scientific research, business, and academia is multi-faceted. Open access to information can drive progress, but certain data must be protected to preserve innovation and security. By embracing a balanced approach that considers the potential benefits and risks, we can create an environment that encourages collaboration while upholding ethical and legal standards. Only through thoughtful consideration and responsible practices can we harness the power of information for the greater good.

The question of how much information should be shared in scientific research, business, and academia has sparked a heated debate. While some advocate for maximum transparency, promoting the free flow of information, others argue that certain data is too critical or valuable to be shared freely. In this essay, I will explore both perspectives and present my own opinion on this complex issue.

Supporters of open information sharing believe that it fosters collaboration and innovation. From my own experiences in academia, I have observed how freely accessible research findings lead to more comprehensive knowledge dissemination and spark new ideas. When experts from diverse backgrounds come together and share information openly, they can collectively tackle complex challenges and find solutions that have a broader impact on society.

However, it is also essential to consider the implications of unrestricted data sharing. In the business world, proprietary information and trade secrets play a vital role in maintaining a competitive edge. Safeguarding certain details can incentivize innovation and protect the interests of companies. Similarly, in scientific research, sensitive data may require controlled access to ensure ethical considerations are met.

In my opinion, finding a middle ground is essential. While open information sharing is crucial for progress, some data must be safeguarded to maintain integrity and protect stakeholders’ interests. Proper regulations and ethical guidelines can govern the responsible dissemination of sensitive information, ensuring that the benefits of sharing do not compromise security and privacy.

In conclusion, the debate over information sharing in scientific research, business, and academia requires a balanced approach. Open access to information can drive progress, but certain data must be protected to preserve innovation and security. By embracing a middle ground that considers the potential benefits and risks, we can create an environment that encourages collaboration while upholding ethical and legal standards. Only through thoughtful consideration and responsible practices can we harness the power of information for the greater good.

In various fields such as scientific research, business, and academia, there exists a debate about the extent to which information should be shared. While some individuals advocate for maximum transparency and dissemination of knowledge, others contend that certain information is too critical or valuable to be freely shared. In this essay, I will explore both perspectives and present my own opinion on this matter.

On one hand, sharing information in scientific research, business, and academia can lead to numerous benefits. It fosters collaboration, innovation, and advancements in knowledge. Through my personal experiences, I have witnessed how open access to research findings accelerates progress in various fields. When experts collaborate and freely share information, they can collectively tackle complex challenges and find solutions that have a broader impact on society.

However, it is also crucial to acknowledge that certain information might be sensitive, confidential, or proprietary. In the business world, intellectual property plays a vital role in driving innovation and competitiveness. Protecting valuable information can incentivize companies to invest in research and development, leading to further advancements. Similarly, in scientific research, some data may be sensitive or require controlled access to prevent misuse or misinterpretation.

In my opinion, a balanced approach that considers the context and potential consequences is the most appropriate. Open sharing of information is beneficial in fostering a collaborative and progressive environment. However, certain information, such as trade secrets or confidential patient data, must be protected to safeguard the interests of individuals and organizations.

In conclusion, the debate over sharing information in scientific research, business, and academia requires thoughtful consideration. While open sharing can lead to significant advancements and innovation, certain sensitive information must be protected. Striking a balance that promotes transparency and collaboration while safeguarding critical data is key to harnessing the full potential of human knowledge and progress.

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Informative Essay — Purpose, Structure, and Examples

What is informative writing?

Informative writing educates the reader about a certain topic. An informative essay may explain new information, describe a process, or clarify a concept. The provided information is objective, meaning the writing focuses on presentation of fact and should not contain personal opinion or bias.

Informative writing includes description, process, cause and effect, comparison, and problems and possible solutions:

Describes a person, place, thing, or event using descriptive language that appeals to readers’ senses

Explains the process to do something or how something was created

Discusses the relationship between two things, determining how one ( cause ) leads to the other ( effect ); the effect needs to be based on fact and not an assumption

Identifies the similarities and differences between two things; does not indicate that one is better than the other

Details a problem and presents various possible solutions ; the writer does not suggest one solution is more effective than the others

Purpose of informative writing

The purpose of an informative essay depends upon the writer’s motivation, but may be to share new information, describe a process, clarify a concept, explain why or how, or detail a topic’s intricacies.

Informative essays may introduce readers to new information .

Summarizing a scientific/technological study

Outlining the various aspects of a religion

Providing information on a historical period

Describe a process or give step-by-step details of a procedure.

How to write an informational essay

How to construct an argument

How to apply for a job

Clarify a concept and offer details about complex ideas.

Explain why or how something works the way that it does.

Describe how the stock market impacts the economy

Illustrate why there are high and low tides

Detail how the heart functions

Offer information on the smaller aspects or intricacies of a larger topic.

Identify the importance of the individual bones in the body

Outlining the Dust Bowl in the context of the Great Depression

Explaining how bees impact the environment

How to write an informative essay

Regardless of the type of information, the informative essay structure typically consists of an introduction, body, and conclusion.

Introduction

Background information

Explanation of evidence

Restated thesis

Review of main ideas

Closing statement

Informative essay introduction

When composing the introductory paragraph(s) of an informative paper, include a hook, introduce the topic, provide background information, and develop a good thesis statement.

If the hook or introduction creates interest in the first paragraph, it will draw the readers’ attention and make them more receptive to the essay writer's ideas. Some of the most common techniques to accomplish this include the following:

Emphasize the topic’s importance by explaining the current interest in the topic or by indicating that the subject is influential.

Use pertinent statistics to give the paper an air of authority.

A surprising statement can be shocking; sometimes it is disgusting; sometimes it is joyful; sometimes it is surprising because of who said it.

An interesting incident or anecdote can act as a teaser to lure the reader into the remainder of the essay. Be sure that the device is appropriate for the informative essay topic and focus on what is to follow.

Directly introduce the topic of the essay.

Provide the reader with the background information necessary to understand the topic. Don’t repeat this information in the body of the essay; it should help the reader understand what follows.

Identify the overall purpose of the essay with the thesis (purpose statement). Writers can also include their support directly in the thesis, which outlines the structure of the essay for the reader.

Informative essay body paragraphs

Each body paragraph should contain a topic sentence, evidence, explanation of evidence, and a transition sentence.

A good topic sentence should identify what information the reader should expect in the paragraph and how it connects to the main purpose identified in the thesis.

Provide evidence that details the main point of the paragraph. This includes paraphrasing, summarizing, and directly quoting facts, statistics, and statements.

Explain how the evidence connects to the main purpose of the essay.

Place transitions at the end of each body paragraph, except the last. There is no need to transition from the last support to the conclusion. A transition should accomplish three goals:

Tell the reader where you were (current support)

Tell the reader where you are going (next support)

Relate the paper’s purpose

Informative essay conclusion

Incorporate a rephrased thesis, summary, and closing statement into the conclusion of an informative essay.

Rephrase the purpose of the essay. Do not just repeat the purpose statement from the thesis.

Summarize the main idea found in each body paragraph by rephrasing each topic sentence.

End with a clincher or closing statement that helps readers answer the question “so what?” What should the reader take away from the information provided in the essay? Why should they care about the topic?

Informative essay example

The following example illustrates a good informative essay format:

How to Write an Informative Essay: Everything You Need to Know

Did you know that informative essays aren't just for school? They're also used in jobs like journalism, marketing, and PR to explain complex ideas and promote things. This shows how useful they are outside of the classroom.

So, if you're planning to write one, that's a great choice! It's interesting but can be tough. To do it well, you need to plan, research, and organize carefully. Keep your tone balanced, give clear info, and add your own thoughts to stand out.

In this guide, our essay writer will give you tips on starting and organizing your essay effectively. At the end, you'll also find interesting essay samples. So, let's jump right into it.

What is an Informative Essay

To give a good informative essay definition, imagine them as windows to new knowledge. Their main job is to teach others about a particular topic. Whether it's for a school project or something you stumble upon online, these essays are packed with interesting facts and insights.

Here's a simple breakdown from our admission essay writing service of what makes an informative essay tick:

• Keeping It Real: These essays are all about the facts. No opinions allowed. We want to keep things fair and honest.
• Topics Galore: You can write about anything you find interesting, from science and history to things about different cultures.
• Where You Find Them: Informative essays can pop up anywhere, from your classroom assignments to the pages of magazines or even online articles.
• Research: Like a good detective, informative essays rely on solid evidence. That means digging into trustworthy sources to gather reliable information.
• Stay Neutral: To keep things fair, informative essays don't take sides. They present the facts and let readers draw their own conclusions.
• Structure: These essays have a clear roadmap. They start with an introduction to set the stage, then present the main points with evidence, and wrap up with a summary to tie it all together.
• Write for Your Audience: Keep your writing simple and easy to understand. Think about who will be reading it.
• Give Just Enough Detail: Don't overload people with info. Find the right balance so it's interesting but not overwhelming.

Ready to Ignite Minds with Your Informative Essay?

Our qualified writers are here to craft a masterpiece tailored to your needs worthy of an A+

Reasons to Write an Informative Essay

Writing informative essays, whether following the IEEE format or another style, is a great way to teach and share ideas with others. Here's why it's worth giving it a try:

• Make Complex Ideas Easy : Informative essays simplify complicated topics so everyone can understand them. They break down big ideas into simple parts, helping more people learn and share knowledge.
• Encourage Thinking : When you read these essays, you're encouraged to think for yourself. They give you facts and evidence so you can form your own opinions about different topics. This helps you become better at understanding the world around you.
• Inspire Doing : They can motivate people to take action and make positive changes by raising awareness about important issues like the environment, fairness, or health. By reading these essays, people might be inspired to do something to help.
• Leave a Mark : When you write informative essays, you're leaving a legacy of knowledge for future generations. Your ideas can be read and learned from long after you're gone, helping others understand the world better.

How to Start an Informative Essay

If you're still doubting how to start with an informative essay outline, no worries! Here's a step-by-step guide to help you tackle this task like a pro. Alternatively, you can simply order essay and have it done by experts.

• Choose an Exciting Topic : Pick something that really grabs your attention. Writing about what you're genuinely interested in makes the whole process way more fun. Plus, it's easier to write confidently about things you know a bit about.
• Dig into Research : Spend some quality time digging up info from reliable sources. Take good notes, so you have all the facts you need to back up your essay. The better your research, the stronger your essay will be.
• Set Your Essay's Goal : Decide what you want your essay to do. Are you explaining something, analyzing a problem, or comparing ideas? Knowing your goal helps you focus your writing.
• Sketch Out Your Essay : Make a simple plan for your essay. Start with an intro that grabs attention and states your main idea. Then, map out your main points for the body paragraphs and plan a strong finish for your conclusion.
• Kick Off with an Awesome Introduction : Start with a killer opening line to hook your readers. Give a bit of background on your topic and clearly state your main idea.
• Flesh Out Your Body Paragraphs : In each paragraph, cover one key point backed up with evidence from your research. Keep it clear and simple, and don't forget to cite your sources.
• Wrap Up Strong : Sum up your main points in your conclusion and restate your main idea in a memorable way. Leave your readers with something to think about related to your topic.

Informative Essay Outline

Many students don't realize how helpful outlining can be for writing an informative essay. Spending a bit of time on it can actually save you loads of time later on when you're writing. To give you a head start, here's a simple format from our term paper writing services :

I. Introduction

• Start with something catchy to grab attention
• Give a little background info on your topic
• State your main idea clearly in your thesis statement

II. Body Paragraphs

A. Talk about your first main idea

• Share evidence or facts that support this idea
• Explain what the evidence means
• Transition smoothly to the next point

B. Move on to your second main idea

• Provide evidence or facts for this point
• Explain why this evidence matters
• Transition to the next paragraph

C. Address your third main idea

• Offer supporting evidence or facts
• Explain the significance of this evidence
• Transition to the next part

III. Conclusion

• Restate your thesis statement to remind readers of your main point
• Summarize the key points you've covered in the body paragraphs
• Leave readers with some final thoughts or reflections to ponder

IV. Optional: Extra Sections

• Consider addressing counterarguments and explaining why they're not valid (if needed)
• Offer suggestions for further research or additional reading
• Share personal anecdotes or examples to make your essay more relatable (if it fits)

Informative Essay Structure

Now that you've got a plan and know how to start an essay let's talk about how to organize it in more detail.

Introduction :

In your informative essay introduction, your aim is to grab the reader's interest and provide a bit of background on your topic. Start with something attention-grabbing, like a surprising fact or a thought-provoking question. Then, give a quick overview of what you'll be talking about in your essay with a clear thesis statement that tells the reader what your main points will be.

Body Paragraphs:

The body paragraphs of an informative essay should dive into the main ideas of your topic. Aim for at least three main points and back them up with evidence from reliable sources. Remember the 'C-E-E' formula: Claim, Evidence, Explanation. Start each paragraph with a clear point, then provide evidence to support it, and finally, explain why it's important. Mastering how to write an informative essay also requires smooth transitions from one section to the next, so don't forget to use transition words.

Conclusion :

You may already guess how to write a conclusion for an informative essay, as it's quite similar to other writing types. Wrap up by summarizing the main points you've made. Restate your thesis to remind the reader what your essay was all about. Then, leave them with some final thoughts or reflections to think about. Maybe suggest why your topic is important or what people can learn from it.

Informative Essay Examples

Essay examples show how theoretical ideas can be applied effectively and engagingly. So, let's check them out for good structure, organization, and presentation techniques.

Additionally, you can also explore essay writing apps that offer convenience and flexibility, allowing you to work on assignments wherever you are.

7 Steps for Writing an Informative Essay

Before you leave, here are 7 simple yet crucial steps for writing an informative essay. Make sure to incorporate them into your writing process:

• Choose Your Topic: If you're given the freedom to choose your topic, opt for something you're passionate about and can explain effectively in about five paragraphs. Begin with a broad subject area and gradually narrow it down to a specific topic. Consider conducting preliminary research to ensure there's enough information available to support your essay.
• Do Your Research: Dive deep into your chosen topic and gather information from reliable sources. Ensure that the sources you use are credible and can be referenced in your essay. This step is crucial for building a solid foundation of knowledge on your topic.
• Create an Outline: Once you've collected your research, organize your thoughts by creating an outline. Think of it as a roadmap for your essay, briefly summarizing what each paragraph will cover. This step helps maintain coherence and ensures that you cover all essential points in your essay.
• Start Writing: With your outline in hand, begin drafting your essay. Don't strive for perfection on the first attempt; instead, focus on getting your ideas down on paper. Maintain an objective and informative tone, avoiding overly complex language or unnecessary embellishments.
• Revise Your Draft: After completing the initial draft, take a break before revisiting your work. Read through your essay carefully, assessing how well your arguments are supported by evidence and ensuring a smooth flow of ideas. Rewrite any sections that require improvement to strengthen your essay's overall coherence and clarity.
• Proofread: Once you've revised your essay, thoroughly proofread it to catch any spelling or grammar errors. Additionally, verify the accuracy of the facts and information presented in your essay. A polished and error-free essay reflects positively on your attention to detail and credibility as a writer.
• Cite Your Sources: Finally, include a citations page to acknowledge the sources you've referenced in your essay. Follow the formatting guidelines of the chosen citation style, whether it's MLA, APA, or Chicago, to ensure consistency and proper credit to the original authors. This step is essential for maintaining academic integrity and avoiding plagiarism accusations.

Final Remarks

Fantastic! Now that you know how to write an informative essay and absorbed the essentials, let's recap the key points:

• You've learned the basics of informative essay writing.
• Ready to choose an interesting topic that connects with your audience.
• You've understood how to organize your essay clearly, with each paragraph serving a purpose.
• You have step-by-step guidance for writing engagingly.
• You've gained valuable tips to improve your writing skills and make your essay stand out.

By applying these insights, you're set to write an engaging essay that informs and inspires your readers!

Want to Unleash the Brilliance of Your Ideas?

Claim your expertly crafted informative essay today and command attention with your brilliant insights!

Related Articles

IELTS Writing Task 2: guide to Cambridge 12 Test 5, both view topic: information sharing, with strategies, model answer and bonus tips

In IELTS Writing Task 2 , we have to write different kinds of essays. One of the most common essays is BOTH VIEW essay. Here, in this post, I’m focusing on a ‘both view topic’ from Cambridge IELTS 12 Test 5. The topic of the essay is information sharing. Have a look at the strategies to write the essay because it will guide you to a successful score. I’ve also provided a model answer here with bonus tips.

Some people believe that it is good to share as much information as possible in scientific research, business, and the academic world. Others believe that some information is too important or too valuable to be shared freely.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Strategies to write the answer:

You must brainstorm the ideas first and then take some notes on what to write. You should also decide about the number of paragraphs and what to put down in each of these paragraphs.

Brainstorming:

• This is a ‘both view’ essay.
• The subject matter is sharing information and ideas.
• One view is the positive aspects of information sharing.

Here, are some points to ponder:

• Important for going forward
• Scientific inventions and theories should be shared
• Teachers must share information
• Businesses cannot grow without sharing ideas
• Another view is the negative aspects of information sharing.
• Risky for business
• Leaked ideas can cause a loss
• Countries may be at risk for illegal information sharing
• Crimes like identity theft and blackmailing
• Hacking online servers and personal accounts
• Paragraphing: There should be four paragraphs here:
• 1 st paragraph:  Introduction: 

Present the topic with an interesting start.

Write about the two sides (both views).

Paraphrase the title of task 2 from the question. 

• 2 nd paragraph:  Body 1:

Discuss the positive sides of information sharing with evidence.

• 3 rd paragraph:  Body 2:
• 4 th paragraph:  Conclusion:

Conclude the writing by stating issues once again but in a different tone.

Don’t copy from the question or 1 st paragraph.

Decide which view you support.

Now, you are ready to write the answer. Try to use less common words and sentence constructions. Below is a sample answer prepared by me.

Model Answer:

We live in an age of information which is the means to succeed these days and there is no better way to learn it than sharing with the people of the world. However, the question always remains of what, how much, and in what ways we should exchange this information. This essay focuses on the diverse attitudes towards information sharing and a reasoned conclusion with my personal opinion .

Initially, I think many people believe it is important to share information if we want to go forward in the fields of education, science, business, and so on. Scientists must share their latest discoveries with other researchers around the world otherwise their own invention, discovery, research, or survey will fail to achieve acceptability. Moreover, if ideas, plans or new learning are not shared by teachers and students with the rest of the world, the purpose of education also fails and distance learning over the Internet can be included in this respect as the best example. As far as business goes, I personally know some successful business people who often say that they cannot think of a world without new entrepreneurs and expert businessmen confining themselves and not sharing their ideas.

Conversely, lots of people do not like the idea of sharing information and ideas for several reasons. One of them is the risk of losing a successful business which may threaten the future of a company or organization. One of my close friend’s father lost his well-positioned business when he shared his success secret with the media. Furthermore, sharing of information may also lead to chaotic political instability in some countries which may threaten the sovereignty of nations around the world. Additionally, if there is no regulation on information sharing, crimes like identity theft and blackmail will occur regularly. Hacking online servers and Facebook or Instagram accounts can be quoted in this context as valid examples.

In fine, I believe while there are cogent arguments for the free and fair flow of information in science and academic fields, there should be limits on what information we share publicly, especially, issues like personal pictures, videos, certain business ideas, and sensitive national documents, and so on. Therefore, I partly support both views.

(340 words)

Bonus tips: 

Remember to use supporting sentences and some examples from your experience. It can be your personal or academic experience, but it has to be logical and related to the topic you are writing.

Also, pay attention to the bold+italic words/phrases in the answer. Every paragraph of an essay should contain words like ‘I’, ‘Me’, ‘My’ or phrases that contain these words. This is how you tell the examiner- ‘this is your personal and original ideas’. 

If you like this post, please make your comments below.

Click here for Cambridge 12 Test 5 Writing Task 1 answers with solutions

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19 thoughts on “ IELTS Writing Task 2: guide to Cambridge 12 Test 5, both view topic: information sharing, with strategies, model answer and bonus tips ”

Extremely helpful tips on how to build a powerful essay for the second task of the writing section of IELTS.

Thank you. Do you need any other help regarding IELTS Writing?

Could I get writing evaluation from you?

Of course! Have a look at this link: http://ieltsdeal.com/ielts-writing-correction-service-get-your-writings-checked-and-improve-further-to-higher-scores/

I am not getting what 2nd view is going to say?would u remind me again please?

extremely helpful tips, but i need still more writing task 2 answers from cambridge ielts 12,8,9,10 ,13

hello thank you so much for good tips. can you please tell me what is the band score for the given sample?

Expressed ideas with relevant thoughts but this essay is too large. Especially introduction. Overall its a exquisite writing

Great job became useful help to learner’s. Thank you so much

So many thanks for such a nice comment.

Hello dear Najibur Rasul. I need your help. I’m lack of ideas and vocabularies most of the time .How could I overcome these problems

Hello, I believe you need to study different topics on a regular basis. And you need to make some notes (about the ideas such as; reasons, solutions, advantages, disadvantages, etc.) in an exercise book. And check your notes with an expert trainer.

Thank you Mr. Najib, sharing a powerful work with us, and I think, it’s a great help not only for the new comer for IELTS but also smae to all kinds of reader

You’re most welcome for such a nice comment.

Hi I just wanted to say that genuinely im so grateful that this page exists and someone wrote all of this for us to learn and observe than you thank you , was a perfect aid for me booossss

I am thrilled to hear that my website has helped you. Pray for me and my family.

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Quite helpful. Thanks.

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This IELTS Writing Task 2 post offers some sample answers to an agree-disagree topic. This agree-disagree topic asks the candidates to provide arguments as to whether new science related to criminal forensics should be used to look at old cases or not. In this post, you will find three great model answers which may help […]

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It is Good to Share as much Information as Possible in Scientific Research - Task 2 Band 9 Essay

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Some people believe that it is good to share as much information as possible in scientific research, business and the academic world. Others believe that some information is too important or too valuable to be shared freely.

Discuss both these views and give your opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge and experiences.

You should write at least 250 words.

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Model Essay 1

In the realms of scientific research, business, and academia, the debate on whether to disseminate information freely or to safeguard certain knowledge due to its significance and value is ongoing. Advocates for open sharing emphasize the acceleration of innovation and collective problem-solving, while opponents argue for the protection of intellectual property and competitive advantage. This essay will explore both perspectives and argue in favor of a balanced approach that prioritizes strategic sharing while protecting essential information.

The argument for unrestricted information sharing rests on the foundation of collective progress. In scientific research, the free exchange of findings can lead to rapid advancements in technology and medicine, as researchers build upon each other's work. For instance, the global scientific community's collaborative effort in sharing research on COVID-19 has undoubtedly accelerated vaccine development. Similarly, in the business and academic worlds, open access to information encourages innovation, as it allows for the cross-pollination of ideas, fostering creativity and problem-solving.

Conversely, the stance on withholding certain information stems from the need to preserve intellectual property and maintain a competitive edge. In business, proprietary knowledge is a company's lifeblood, offering a unique value proposition that distinguishes it from competitors. For academics, the fruits of painstaking research can lead to patents or publishing deals that might be compromised by premature disclosure. Thus, protecting information is deemed essential for sustaining individual and organizational achievements and for incentivizing further innovation.

Balancing these perspectives, it becomes apparent that while openness fosters collective advancement, the protection of key information is crucial for personal and organizational prosperity. A pragmatic approach would advocate for the strategic sharing of information, where collaboration is encouraged but critical intellectual property is safeguarded to maintain competitiveness and incentivize innovation.

In conclusion, the discourse between unrestricted information sharing and the protection of valuable knowledge presents valid arguments on both sides. A balanced approach, advocating for strategic sharing while protecting essential data, appears to be the most viable path forward. This methodology ensures the collective benefit of shared knowledge and the preservation of competitive advantages, steering both individual and communal progress.

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Model Essay 2

The dissemination of information in scientific, business, and academic sectors is a topic of considerable debate, with opinions divided between the merits of open sharing and the necessity of guarding sensitive data. This essay posits that while sharing information can significantly enhance collective knowledge and innovation, the protection of proprietary information is essential for sustaining economic competitiveness and intellectual property rights.

Open sharing of information, especially in scientific research, has the potential to accelerate discoveries and technological advancements. An illustrative example is the Human Genome Project, where scientists worldwide shared their findings, leading to groundbreaking advancements in genetics and biotechnology. This collaborative spirit epitomizes how shared knowledge can solve complex problems more efficiently than siloed efforts. In academia, open access to research findings enhances educational quality by broadening the knowledge base available to students and researchers alike.

However, the argument for restricting information flow primarily revolves around the protection of intellectual property and maintaining a competitive edge in business. For instance, tech companies like Apple and Google invest heavily in research and development, with the understanding that their innovations, if prematurely disclosed, could be capitalized upon by competitors, undermining their market position and profitability. Thus, while the ethos of sharing is commendable, it is pragmatically untenable in contexts where intellectual property rights and market competitiveness are at stake.

Balancing these viewpoints, it becomes clear that a nuanced approach is warranted. While advocating for the unrestricted sharing of information in academic and certain research contexts can foster innovation and societal progress, in business, a more guarded strategy is necessary to protect intellectual property and ensure competitive advantage.

In conclusion, while the open dissemination of information has undeniable benefits for society, especially in advancing knowledge and innovation, the protection of sensitive information is paramount in business contexts to safeguard intellectual property and maintain market competitiveness. A judicious balance between these two approaches, tailored to the context, is essential for maximizing the benefits of information sharing while minimizing its risks.

Model Essay 3

Some individuals think it is beneficial to disclose as much knowledge as you can in the fields of business, academia, and scientific study. Others think that certain information is too valuable or crucial to be disclosed without compensation. Both sides have their views, and I personally think that if all information were made available to them, scientific research, the academic community, and corporations would all substantially benefit.

Prior to being made public, sensitive materials ought to be carefully reviewed. This includes information that may compromise national security, cause a public uproar, provide terrorists access to technology, or help corporations monopolize certain markets. Information spreads quickly in this digital age, and many believe that in order to preserve world peace, it should be regulated. For instance, if nuclear technology is made available to all countries for scientific research, the globe would soon be on the edge of extinction despite the improbable potential that this technology has to benefit the populace.

Scientific research, on the other hand, mainly depends on data that is already available from earlier discoveries. If pertinent information and prior findings are not publicly shared among academics and researchers, global advancement would stop. For instance, even though the Internet is perhaps the most significant invention the modern world has ever generated, without the US military's sharing of this technology, we would still be living in the pre-internet era. Additionally, suppressing them is the same as eradicating the chance for progress since hidden knowledge is meaningless if it is not used in the real world. The human species has advanced due to discoveries and innovations that have been shared with the world because each one has undergone substantial modification and refinement, according to global history.

In conclusion, knowledge that is held in reserve and not discussed by great minds is of little worth. In order to properly develop mankind, restrictions on critical knowledge should be abolished, and the people should be informed the truth.

• Task 2 Essays

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16 Creating, Using, and Sharing Information in Research Communities

Cassie Hemstrom and Kathy Anders

This chapter extends John Swales’ theory of discourse communities into the sphere of information literacy, as it is conceptualized in the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education.* We propose the concept of research communities, where discourse communities with the common goal of research use, share, and create information in particular ways. After opening with a personal narrative of how one of us found and joined a research community related to podcasting, the chapter identifies and offers examples of the features of research communities. Finally, the chapter concludes by showing how learning to analyze research communities can help students become more effective information users and creators.

Research communities.

If you wanted to start a podcast, but didn’t know how, where would you start? Would you listen to every podcast you could find, or focus on podcasts in a specific area? Or maybe talk with people who have made podcasts before? What information would you need, and where would you go to find that information? You’d probably want to know what kinds of equipment you need to record and edit a podcast, and how you post the episodes for other people to hear. And the less tangible things would probably come to mind next, like finding out how people choose a topic or what the best length for a podcast is. You could probably find the equipment you need pretty easily on Amazon, but where would you go to get advice and insight on everything else?

One of the authors of this chapter, Cassie, is an avid podcast listener, and a few years ago, the inevitable happened—she said to a friend, “We should start a podcast!” She found the information she needed to create her podcast by seeking out what we call a research community. If you find a community of people who are actively engaged in creating and sharing information about a specific topic or field, you can learn about that topic, find mentors, and become a respected contributing part of the community yourself!

And what if you don’t want to start a podcast, but want to start a research paper, or a YouTube channel? The same technique applies! You can learn more about how to create any type of text or media, in any genre, by looking for a research community and asking yourself some questions about how that community functions. There are lots of ways to think about how to do research, and chances are you will, at some point in your academic career, hear that you should use peer-reviewed scholarly sources in your academic essays and not random information that you find on the web. However, if you wanted to learn about how to start a podcast, TikTok, or YouTube channel, going to peer-reviewed scholarly sources probably would not be very helpful. YouTubers tend to share information about how to make videos on YouTube itself, and Google shares guidelines and information about starting channels on their webpages.

The reason why you would look for information for a college essay in a different place than information about starting a YouTube channel is that the members of those communities use, share, and create information in different ways. You may have heard the term “Discourse Communities”— these are certain groups of people who compose texts in conversation with each other, with each other. Discourse communities also have particular features, and it may be helpful to think of them as their own information communities.

In this particular chapter we are talking about research communities, which might be thought of as a subset of discourse communities, as they are defined by a scholar named John Swales. Discourse communities, according to Swales (24-27), have six key features that we’ll summarize as follows:

• they generally agree upon and publicly share a set of goals
• they have methods for communicating with each other
• they use these methods of communication in order to share information and offer commentary with/to each other
• they use at least one particular genre to achieve their shared goals they have a specialized vocabulary
• they have experts in the community who can help people new to the community to learn the ropes and gain expertise

Dan Melzer, in his chapter “Understanding Discourse Communities,” explains that, for college students, “understanding what a discourse community is and the ways that genres perform social actions in discourse communities can help you better understand where your college teachers are coming from in their writing assignments and also help you understand why there are different writing expectations and genres for different classes in different fields” (110). The same is true for groups that perform research in conversation with each other. Research communities have the same features of discourse communities, but with the common goal of engaging in research, or the purposeful investigation and creation of information. Just as discourse communities help us to be aware of the writing choices made for specific purposes to help writers achieve their goal in particular contexts, understanding research communities help us develop information literacy. Information literacy is “the set of integrated abilities encompassing the reflective discovery of information, the understanding of how information is produced and valued, and the use of information in creating new knowledge and participating ethically in communities of learning” (ACRL Framework). Breaking that definition down, it means that if you have strong information skills you are able to find and use information well. And it goes beyond just finding information—information literacy is also about seeing how what is ethical or not ethical in research might change in different contexts and understanding how information can best be used to achieve your purposes and shared in a way that helps others see its worth and credibility. And finally, information literacy is about actively, ethically contributing your new information in communities of learning.

By bringing together discourse communities and information literacy, we can give an account of what happens when groups of people engage in research. This helps us understand how to participate in researching, using sources, and creating information in ways that are consistent with the rhetorical purposes of a particular discourse community. Looking at the features of research communities will make it easier to analyze them and to join them yourself. If you know how communities use, create, and share research, then you can learn how to be a member of that community yourself.

Features of Research Communities

Research communities create, share, and use information in ways that are particular to that community. A research community will have the following features:

• they create and share information in cycles and specific locations
• they create and share information in a conversational way
• they use particular genres, formats, and media for creating and
• sharing information
• they use specific terminologies
• they have expertise levels that are particular to their communities
• and methodologies
• they have ethical norms for the creation and sharing of information 1

Considering how a research community works in each of these areas will make it easier to see how to join that community. Let us consider each of these features in more detail.

Table 1. Discourse Communities and Research Communities 2

Cycles and Locations

Note that in the example above, the information for the narrow and then broader research communities lived in specific places. You would not be able to find lab reports or scholarly journals on Wikipedia, for example. In order to find information for a given research community, you have to go to the specific places and platforms where those communities share their information.

Notice, too, how in the above example the information the research community produced went through a cycle of raw data and then a publication. Information for research communities may move through cycles. Taking up the example of the lab data above, after the article was published, the news might write about the experiment if the results were groundbreaking. Eventually that information might be included in books or reference materials, like encyclopedias. With each part of the cycle, the information will be housed in a new place, so it is helpful to know where a research community shares its information at a given step in the information cycle.

Conversational Information

The ACRL Framework considers “scholarship as conversation,” and Swales notes that discourse communities have “participatory mechanisms” (26). What this means in practices is that information sharing is one of the primary goals of research communities, and as such it is conversational in nature. Members of research communities communicate with one another. Scholarly research communities have conversations through publications and conference presentations. Research community members in a business may share conversational information through memos, reports, and business presentations. These pieces of information are intended to be read or experienced by an audience that will respond in some way, such as publishing subsequent articles in response or sending follow-up memos.

These conversations are not limited to a short moment in time. One scientist might write an article that responds to an article written ten years prior. The speed of the response often depends on the nature of the re- search and the method of communication. But both authors can still be considered to be part of the same research community even though a great deal of time may pass during the conversation.

The conversational nature of information in research communities means that even as a new member joining a community you have a voice to contribute. When you formulate responses to authors in your community, whether by citing them, evaluating them, or directly responding, you are entering the conversation. Researching is an active, not a passive, effort. It may be helpful to you to think of yourself as having a discussion with other people pursuing a similar goal when you create information and texts in a research community.

Genres, Formats, and Media

Research communities use and create information that comes in particular genres. Sometimes we think of genres as works sharing common goals and internal features, like motifs. In artistic literary works, you may associate the term genre with horror, comedy, tragedy, or romance. John Swales defines genre as “a class of communicative events, the members of which share some set of communicative purposes…[and] patterns of similarity in terms of structure, style, content and intended audience” (58). In her chapter, “Navigating Genres,” Kerry Dirk proposes thinking of genres practically as a writer. Dirk says that we can start to figure out how to compose a type of text that is new to us by looking for other examples of the genre— similar types of texts written in response to similar situations (250). That way, we can see what strategies other writers have used to achieve a goal that we share. Genre, in a research community, applies to the type of information the research community members post. For example, in scholarly research communities members might create lab reports, scholarly articles, and conference presentations.

Closely tied to the idea of genre is format, and sometimes the words are used interchangeably. Format refers to the arrangement of the information. For example, a school paper will have a heading, a title, the body of the paper, and a bibliography. An email, on the other hand, has an opening salutation, a body, and a closing salutation. The way the text is arranged in each is a different format. Items within the same genre often contain similar formats. Members of research communities use common formats in their works.

Finally, information in research communities is shared in a common medium. Medium refers to material of the information. For example, a book can exist in either a digital or a paper medium. A movie can be in a streaming digital file, on a DVD or Blu-Ray disk, or even a VHS tape. Many types of information are now in digital media available online, and so the distinction of medium is less notable than it used to be. Most research communities, even if they produce information in physical media such as paper books or journals, now also produce the same items in a digital medium as well.

Specific Terminologies

Research communities use specific terminologies because groups of people doing research use precise terms to refer to things in ways that other groups of people would find meaningless or for which they would use other terms. For example, in the gaming community people might use the term “spawn” to talk about a character regenerating after it dies. Outside of the gaming community, “spawn” refers to the offspring of amphibians or fish. Likewise, in the medical community doctors, nurses, and researchers use the term “otitis media,” where members of the general population would say “middle ear infection.” Medical professions use specific words for medical conditions that the general public does not use. Understanding the lexis used research communities is necessary not only for understanding and participating in the community, but for finding information as well. If you went to a library database and searched for just “middle ear infection” and not “otitis media” as well, you would miss finding many scholarly articles, because “otitis media” is a term that medical researchers writing articles use in scholarly journals. Since medical research communities use scientific language in much of their writing, it is necessary to use those terms as well in order to find and use information about those topics.

Research communities have experts who lead the community in provid- ing information that is considered reliable by that community. In order to provide this type of mentorship, there need to be a sufficient number of experts to balance less experienced members in the group. What counts as expertise is determined by the members of the research community, and those standards can vary from one group to the next (ACRL Frame work ). For some research communities, lived experiences are necessary for expertise. For other groups, it may be some type of education or training. In yet other groups public successes may be the criteria for expertise. It is the members of the research community that decide what counts. For example, in the case of a YouTube research community, someone who has not created a successful YouTube channel might not be considered an expert, while someone who has a large number of subscribers might be. With doctors, expertise comes through a combination of education (a medical degree, and in some cases a Ph.D.) and hands-on training (a residency).

As you participate in a research community, pay attention to what criteria community members use to evaluate expertise. Determining those factors will help you figure which voices stand out as being reliable sources of information. Figuring out those criteria, when it is having a certain type of training, or using a certain type of research method, or demonstrating previous experience will help you as you develop as a member of that community.

Ethical Norms

Groups of people doing research have ethical codes about how information can be used and shared in that community. For example, in medical research groups patient information must not be publicly released, both by law and by moral code. In the YouTube community, creators are careful to respect intellectual property and copyright laws, so copying someone else’s video and uploading it as your own is considered unethical. It is also a copyright violation. In the academic world, plagiarism, or using someone’s words or ideas without giving them credit, is a serious offense.

The ethical norms of research communities are influenced by many factors, including laws, professional standards, institutional guidelines, and broad cultural understandings. Additionally local culture and context are equally as important in determining what is considered to be acceptable. Because violating ethical norms can have serious consequences and because they can vary substantially from group to group, it is important to understand what the specific ethical norms and expectations are for any research group in which you wish to participate.

Anyone looking to join a research community can look for the laws, best practices, and guidelines that govern the ethical use of information for that community. For example, at research universities in the United States, research related to human subjects requires review by an Institutional Review Board to ensure that the research is being conducted ethically. Information about what types of research require review is posted online through university research offices and in conduct handbooks. When joining any research community, it is important to learn about the institutional, professional, and governmental codes of ethics that you need to follow.

How to Analyze and Join a Research Community

Let’s play out what these features actually mean, and how you can use your understanding of research communities to find and share knowledge. We’ll use an anecdote about joining a new research community from Cassie (one of the co-authors of this chapter) to work through the process of identifying the features of a specific research community.

Cassie: A couple of years ago, a friend and I wanted to start our own podcast. As we started planning, I realized there is so much more that goes into building a podcast. It involves a lot of research, about both the topics discussed in the podcast itself and the art of creating a successful podcast. Sometimes I start at Wikipedia to get an overview of the topic, then follow the links at the bottom of the page to more stable and reliable sources 3 . But researching a more complex concept is a bit trickier—what I was looking for was not just information, but a community of information.

When beginning a podcast, you need to consider who your audience will be, and where or how they will listen. You need to have a good title and a quick and catchy tagline. You need to decide how long to make your episodes, if you want to have seasons, and so much more. And the research! I wanted to talk about animals, and I knew that I wanted to use reliable information and show that their listeners could trust my cohost and me. But what research sources are appropriate to use in a podcast made for all ages? And how the heck do you cite research in a podcast? You definitely can’t use an MLA in-text citation and Works Cited page!

I had educated guesses for a lot of this, but that wasn’t going to cut it. I needed to hear from the experts. I needed to find out where podcasters share personal experiences, best practices, and tips and strategies. I needed to see where they communicate with each other. I also needed to learn where they do their research on podcasting—what sources exist and are considered reliable and trustworthy for sharing expert knowledge about how to podcast.

What it came down to was that my cohost and I were going to have to learn how to create media in a genre that was new to us, and to do so, we would need to find the communities of knowledge about this genre. So before we even recorded our first episode, I started searching for research communities focused on podcasting. I found several great groups on Facebook and communities on Twitter, and after lurking for a bit to see how people talked to each other and what sorts of information and feedback they shared, I started engaging in two groups: Underdog Podcasts and the Lady Pod Squad. Both were extremely open to offering kind advice to newbies. The members shared advice, asked questions, linked to interesting resources, and carried on constructive discussions. The posters weren’t just trying to promote their own podcasts and get more listeners from the group; they were making connections, building collaborations, and working together so that everyone could create better podcasts.

Participating in these locations of podcast research communities helped me and my cohost take that final leap into recording. Two years later, I am an active member of both of these groups, still learning from the other members, but helping to contribute to that shared goal of creating excellent podcasts. What I found in these groups were communities where people share information and strategies for researching – places that, like the discourse communities, help people to engage in discussing, learning, and building knowledge about a field or a topic.

Thinking about research communities and the features of research communities is useful for when you need to conduct research in a field that is new to you or contribute to the creation and exchange of information in a field in ways you haven’t previously. Asking yourself some questions and looking to see where the answers might be found will help you find your footing and feel confident about entering into new research communities. In order to engage in a research community, you can analyze the features of the community as Cassie does in this example, and teach yourself how members of the community create and share information in specific locations, how they use genres, media and formats, who the experts in the community are and how to recognize their credibility, what terminology they use, and what their ethical norms are for creating, sharing and using information

Take a look at this table to see how Cassie can identify and articulate the features of the podcast research community she joined. You can use this same table to analyze your own research community.

Table 2. Completed Research Community Analysis for Podcasting Groups.

Closing Thoughts

Entering a research community is not a fast process. It is one that takes time and participation. Members of research communities range from novice to expert, and people may move in and out of research communities over time. Don’t be frustrated if you discover that the information in a research community is not immediately intelligible to you. Understanding the nuances of conversations, genres, and norms requires repeated engagement with information, texts, and platforms. Chances are you are already part of a research community but you may not have thought of your group in that way. You may have started because you had an interest that you wanted to pursue, and that interest developed into research. Research commu nities are dynamic, because not only are members taking in information, they are creating, sharing, and responding to it. When you join a research community, you become not only a user of information, but a creator, too. While you may have already done this in your personal life, you will also join a research community in your academic career. Early on, you might be a novice member, but as you progress through your education you will become more of an expert. It is exciting to consider that as you learn, you will also actively contribute to your community.

• Research communities are an adaptation of Swales’ work about discourse communities (24-27) that is integrated with the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education .
• Discourse community text is adapted from Swales (24-27). Research community text is adapted from the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education .
• Wikipedia can be a good point for beginning research projects, as James Purdy notes in “Wikipedia Is Good for You?!” (209). This is the familiar topic research journey that Randall McClure discussed in “Googlepedia: Turning Information Behaviors into Research Skills,” and it serves many students very well when researching and writing a topic-focused research paper.

Works Cited

Dirk, Kerry. “Navigating Genres.” Writing Spaces: Readings on Writing, edited by Charles Lowe and Pavel Zemliansky, vol. 1, Parlor Press, 2010. https://www.writingspaces.org/essays/navigating-genres.

Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education . Association of College & Research Libraries, 2015. http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/ilframework.

McClure, Randall. “Googlepedia: Turning Information Behaviors into Research Skills.” Writing Spaces: Readings on Writing , edited by Charles Lowe and Pavel Zemliansky, vol. 2, Parlor Press, 2011. https://www.writingspaces.org/ mcclure–googlepedia.

Melzer, Dan. “Understanding Discourse Communities.” Writing Spaces: Readings on Writing , edited by Dana Driscoll, Mary Stewart, and Matthew Vetter, vol. 3, Parlor Press, 2020, https://writingspaces.org/node/1714.

Purdy, James P. “Wikipedia Is Good for You!?” Writing Spaces: Readings on Writing, edited by Charles Lowe and Pavel Zemliansky, vol. 1, Parlor Press, 2010. https://www.writingspaces.org/sites/default/files/purdy–wikipedia-is-good-for-you.pdf.

Swales, John M. Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. Cambridge UP, 1990.

Teacher Resources for Creating, Using and Sharing Information in Research Communities

This essay is intended to help students understand that research is a skill that encompasses practices from both composition and information literacy. Research is often taught as something extra that you do for some papers on top of writing. In many situations, students’ in-class experiences with researching is encompassed in a “library day,” where a librarian walks students through using the college library website to search databases and locate books. However, that type of learning does not reflect the broad array of information seeking, sharing, and creating practices that accompany the activities of many researchers. In this chapter, we seek to help students see research as an integral and ongoing part of the writing process, and as a social action, in and through which they are engaging with a community of researchers. We want students to understand that the heuristics for research shift depending on the communities with which they are engaging, and we want to equip them with skills for identifying and employing the best information use and practices agreed upon by their communities.

Teaching students about research communities will work best when they already have been introduced to the concept of discourse communities, and this approach can be used in any college level course, with appropriate context and assignments. We recommend that the chapter is taught with Writing Spaces chapters including Kerry Dirk’s “Navigating Genres,” Dan Melzer’s “Understanding Discourse Communities,” Randall McClure’s “Googlepedia: Turning Information Behaviors into Research Skills” and James Purdy’s “Wikipedia is Good For You!?”

Discussion Questions

1. The authors begin the chapter with an example of a research community. What is a research community that you participate in? How does it meet the following criteria:

• Where is information in the community created and shared?
• What questions and conversations are people in this community sharing?
• What genres do researchers use when they create information? Are there multiple genres? Multiple formats or media?
• What are the particular terms that this community uses to refer to objects, events, or ideas?
• Who are the experts in the community? Why are they considered experts?
• What are the values and norms about research and information in the community?
• Discourse Community or Research Community? In a small group, share examples of communities you participate in—one example could be your writing course! Review the criteria for discourse communities and the criteria for research communities in the chapter. Decide as a group which of the examples shared by group members are discourse communities and which are research communities.
• Explore how a text might demonstrate the characteristics of a re- search community. With a small group, pick a peer-reviewed journal and skim the archives. What can you learn about the research community who shares, discusses, and responds to the research published in the journal?
• Consider a profession that you are interested in pursuing. What sorts of research do people who work in this profession need to do on a daily basis? Weekly? Periodically? When do they use information? And where do they find and share information?

Students can conduct research community analyses on a variety of different scales. For an in-class assignment, ask students to fill out the following analysis table.

Table 3. Research Community Analysis Table

Students might also have questions about how discourse communities and research communities differ. After asking students to explore the questions above individually or with a small group, pose this as a discussion question. You can open that question up to the class, asking them to use examples from the reading and also from their own experiences in order to see how discourse and research communities intersect and where they diverge.

Students can also explore research communities as a longer stand-alone assignment wherein a final project might be a paper, video, or infographic demonstrating how a particular community meets the criteria for a research community. Alternatively, a research community analysis can be used as process-work for a larger assignment such as a literature review or for a more nuanced take on an annotated bibliography assignment.

Creating, Using, and Sharing Information in Research Communities Copyright © 2023 by Cassie Hemstrom and Kathy Anders is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Some People Believe That it is Good to Share as Much Information as Possible- IELTS Writing Task 2

Updated On Oct 04, 2023

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Some people believe that it is good to share as much information as possible in scientific research, business and the academic world. Others believe that some information is too important or too valuable to be shared freely. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 

Discussion essay

Introduction

You are given a discussion essay for which you have to give an opinion. Explain in brief what you are going to write in the body of your essay.

It is undeniable that sharing knowledge aids us in making rapid advances in technology, research, and industry. Some people believe that information is crucial and may provide them with a competitive advantage.

Body paragraphs

Paragraph 1: If we exchange information, we can make faster progress in scientific research and teaching.

Paragraph 2: Sharing information can cause loss of a lot of money and take away the competitive advantage.

Conclusion 

Discuss both the sides and restate your opinion in clear and direct sentences.

Sample Essay

It is  undeniable  that sharing knowledge  aids  us in making rapid advances in technology, research, and industry. Some people believe that information is  crucial  and sharing it might lead to a loss of benefit and create a dispute about ownership. I feel it is healthier to share knowledge rather than keep it hidden. In the following paragraphs, I shall discuss both sides of the argument and elaborate on my viewpoint.

On the one hand, if we exchange data, we can make faster progress in scientific research and teaching. It has the capacity to assist people of all backgrounds,  affluent  or poor, to expand their knowledge and extend their views. The basic rationale for this  notion  is that when more individuals have access to information, research or commercial solutions will improve  owing to  frequent feedback. We all have limited capacity and resources to devote to any meaningful research, but this  constraint  is removed when the exchange becomes open.

On the other hand, some organizations aim to keep details hidden because they believe it is necessary. They feel that they should  reap  the rewards because they have committed resources to research in a given area. To remain ahead of the competition and avoid patent issues, firms also keep information about corporate finances and the algorithm confidential. Sharing this knowledge might cost the organization a lot of money and take away its competitive advantage.

To summarize, sharing knowledge  enables  us to develop mature and long-lasting solutions, and any concerns about not doing so are  unfounded .

• Undeniable 

Meaning: (adj) unable to be denied or disputed. Eg: It is undeniable that Patrik is a hard-working student.

Meaning: (noun) help, typically of a particular nature. Eg: Jacky jumped into the water to aid the drowning child.

Meaning: (adj) of great importance. Eg: A healthy diet is crucial for maintaining a fit body.

• Constraint 

Meaning: (noun) a limitation or restriction. Eg: They have called on the military to show constraint.

Meaning: (adj) having a great deal of money; wealthy. Eg: Gunjan’s family is quite affluent.

Meaning: (noun) a conception or belief about something. Eg: This appears to be an artificial and misleading notion.

Meaning: because of Eg: I was unable to board the plane owing to a traffic hold-up.

Meaning: (verb) cut or gather Eg: Abhishek is now reaping the benefits of his hard work.

Meaning: (verb) give (someone) authority or means to do something; make it possible for. Eg: The newly constructed highway enables me to reach the office in 10 minutes.

Meaning: (adj) having no foundation or basis in fact. Eg: William’s fear that he had cancer was unfounded.

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IELTS Essay Topic: It is good to share as much information as possible in scientific research, business and the academic world.

• Updated on  
• Jul 3, 2023

Q- Some people it is good to share as much information as possible in scientific research, business and the academic world, others believe that some information is too important or too valuable to be shared freely. Discuss both views and give your opinion

Ans – In the realms of scientific research, business, and academia, there is an ongoing debate regarding the extent to which information should be shared. While some argue for the importance of freely sharing as much information as possible, others contend that certain information may be too valuable or significant to be openly accessible. This essay will explore both perspectives and present my opinion on striking a balance between the unrestricted sharing and controlled dissemination of information.

Those in favor of sharing as much information as possible argue that open access fosters collaboration, encourages innovation, and accelerates progress. In scientific research, for instance, freely sharing findings allows for peer review, replication, and further exploration. This collaborative approach can lead to the discovery of new breakthroughs and scientific advancements. Moreover, in the business world, proponents of unrestricted information sharing contend that it can spur economic growth and drive innovation. Openness and transparency can foster healthy competition, as companies learn from one another and strive to improve their products and services. Additionally, sharing market trends, research insights, and best practices can benefit both established businesses and startups, contributing to a more vibrant and dynamic marketplace.

In my opinion, a balanced approach is necessary, acknowledging the benefits of both information sharing and controlled access. While open collaboration and knowledge exchange are essential for progress and innovation, there are instances where safeguarding certain information is warranted. Striking a balance requires thoughtful consideration of the potential risks, ethical implications, and the long-term benefits to society, businesses, and academic pursuits.

The debate surrounding the sharing of information in scientific research, business, and academia highlights the complex considerations at play. While open access promotes collaboration and progress, protecting valuable or sensitive information can be crucial for fair competition, innovation incentives, and ethical considerations. Achieving a balance between unrestricted sharing and controlled dissemination is essential for maximizing the benefits while minimizing potential risks. Ultimately, the decision on what information to share and what to restrict should be guided by a thoughtful assessment of the specific context and its impact on the stakeholders involved.

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Essay 86 – Share as much information as possible

Gt writing task 2 / essay sample # 86.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Some people believe that it is good to share as much information as possible in scientific research, business and the academic world. Others believe that some information is too important or too valuable to be shared freely.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.

Model Answer 1:

The question of how much information should be shared for scientific study, business, and academic research has sparked off an intense debate. Many believe that it is a spectacular idea to disseminate information as much as possible, whereas others argue that some information seems too dangerous to be purveyed. However, I strongly feel about sharing information freely except in a few cases where national security is concerned.

Proponents of sharing information freely go on to argue that information ought to be circulated to the full for the sake of sustaining progress. In simple words, sharing information paves the way for discoveries. Covid-19 is a case in point. Many kinds of research are being conducted by scientists across the world, working in collaboration with each other so as to invent a vaccine as soon as possible. This also applies to the business world, which can work together to develop new products, as well as academics, who need to put new information into previous perspectives in order to broaden their knowledge and complete new groundbreaking works.

On the contrary, people who find sharing information dangerous, believe that it could pose threats to state security. They go on to argue that governments should not share classified information, which may hamper global peace. For example, classified documents relating to nuclear technology bring our earth to the verge of destruction if any ferocious terrorist group can access these documents. Similarly, many companies are reluctant to share information. This is because that information can stifle their commercial interest. For instance, if a company discloses its product formula, then the information gives the rival company a competitive advantage.

In my opinion, however, to realize its full advantage information needs to be shared freely, otherwise, it only benefits its keepers. To put it another way, shared information in those fields will be stepping-stones to innovations. Therefore, the information should not be constrained if there is no security concern.

In conclusion, both points of views have their merits. However, I am of the opinion that information sharing ought not to be restricted, unless there are overriding security risks.

Model Answer 2:

Some would argue that information should be made available as much as possible for scientific study, business and the academic world, yet, others think that it should be kept strictly confidential. This essay will outline both these views. While sharing information to the full extent comes as a boon, I believe some crucial information should be kept strictly confidential.

On the one hand, sharing information freely proves to be good for science, research, technology, business and academia. To commence with, information sharing accelerates scientific research. This is because researchers can save time by collaborating with each other’s works. For example, scientists around the world have invented the vaccine for Novel Corona Virus within a very short period of time by collaborating with each other. The same can be applied to the corporate world, which can develop new products with the help of sharing crucial information. Similarly, academicians also can broaden their knowledge by sharing information.

On the other hand, sharing some information freely is considered notoriously dangerous. Some information should not be shared because it may cause danger and is much valuable as well. For instance, research pertaining to nuclear science and weapons is highly sensitive and consequently confidential. If it falls into the hands of rogue states, terrorists, and criminals, it can plunge the planet into a nuclear nightmare. I believe some information regarding trade is also immensely valuable. That is to say that sensitive information and business secrets offer an advantage that makes a business more able to succeed in competing with others. For example, secret formula and marketing mix give the business a competitive advantage over its rivals.

In conclusion, although sharing information quicken research as well as extends knowledge in the academic field, it poses grave risks in many cases, and that is why it is important to keep some information confidential.

One Comment to “Essay 86 – Share as much information as possible”

Hello! I hope you are doing good. I’ve read this topic about sharing information in scientific research and in the academic world, which I believe was really helpful for us to gain some knowledge. So hope for the best.

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Writing an Informative Essay

Informative essays engage readers with new, interesting, and often surprising facts and details about a subject. Informative essays are educational; readers expect to learn something new from them. In fact, much of the reading and writing done in college and the workplace is informative. From textbooks to reports to tutorials like this one, informative writing imparts important and useful information about a topic.

This tutorial refers to the sample informative outline and final essay written by fictional student Paige Turner.

Reasons to Write Informatively

Your purpose for writing and the audience for whom you are writing will impact the depth and breadth of information you provide, but all informative writing aims to present a subject without opinions or bias. Some common reasons to write informatively are to

• report findings that an audience would find interesting,
• present facts that an audience would find useful, and
• communicate information about a person, place, event, issue, or change that would improve an audience’s understanding.

Characteristics of Informative Essays

Informative essays present factual information and do not attempt to sway readers’ opinions about it. Other types of academic and workplace writing do try to influence readers’ opinions:

• Expository essays aim to expose a truth about an issue in order to influence how readers view the issue.
• Persuasive essays aim to influence readers’ opinions, so they will adopt a particular position or take a certain course of action.

Expository and persuasive essays make “arguments.” The only argument an informative essay makes is that something exists, did exist, is happening, or has happened, and the point of the essay is not to convince readers of this but to tell them about it.

• Informative essays seek to enlighten and educate readers, so they can make their own educated opinions and decisions about what to think and how to act.

Strategies for Writing Informatively

Informative essays provide useful information such as facts, examples, and evidence from research in order to help readers understand a topic or see it more clearly. While informative writing does not aim to appeal emotionally to readers in order to change their opinions or behaviors, informative writing should still be engaging to read. Factual information is not necessarily dry or boring. Sometimes facts can be more alarming than fiction!

Writers use various strategies to engage and educate readers. Some strategies include

• introducing the topic with an alarming fact or arresting image;
• asserting what is true or so about the subject in a clear thesis statement;
• organizing the paragraphs logically by grouping related information;
• unifying each paragraph with a topic sentence and controlling idea;
• developing cohesive paragraphs with transition sentences;
• using precise language and terminology appropriate for the topic, purpose, and audience; and
• concluding with a final idea or example that captures the essay’s purpose and leaves a lasting impression.

Five Steps for Getting Started

1. Brainstorm and choose a topic.

• Sample topic : The opioid epidemic in the United States.
• The opiod epidemic or even opiod addiction would would be considered too broad for a single essay, so the next steps aim to narrow this topic down.

2. Next, write a question about the topic that you would like to answer through research.

• Sample question : What major events caused the opioid crisis in the United States?
• This question aims to narrow the topic down to causes of the epidemic in the US.

3. Now go to the Purdue Global Library to find the answers to your research question.

As you begin reading and collecting sources, write down the themes that emerge as common answers. Later, in step four, use the most common answers (or the ones you are most interested in writing and discussing) to construct a thesis statement.

• Sample answers: aggressive marketing, loopholes in prescription drug provider programs, and economic downturn.

4. Next, provide purpose to your paper by creating a thesis statement.

The thesis attempts to frame your research question. The sample thesis below incorporates three of the more common answers for the research question from step two: What caused the opioid crisis in the United States?

• Thesis Statement : Aggressive marketing, loopholes in prescription drug provider programs, and economic downturn contributed to the current opioid crisis in the United States.
• Writing Tip : For additional help with thesis statements, please visit our Writing a Thesis Statement article. For help with writing in 3rd person, see our article on Formal Vs. Informal Writing .

5. Now follow each numbered step in the “Suggested Outline Format and Sample” below.

Sample answers have been provided for “I. Introduction” and “II. First Cause.” A complete sample outline can be seen here. A complete sample informative essay can be seen here.

Suggested Outline Format and Sample

I. INTRODUCTION

A. First provide a topic sentence that introduces the main topic: Sample topic sentence : There is a current prescription pain medication addiction and abuse epidemic possibly caused by an excessive over prescription of these medications.

B. Now provide a couple sentences with evidence to support the main topic: Sample sentence one with evidence to support the main topic : According to Dr. Nora Volkow, Director of National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), in testimony before the 115th Congress, “In 2016, over 11 million Americans misused prescription opioids … and 2.1 million had an opioid use disorder due to prescription opioids” (Federal Efforts to Combat the Opioid Crisis, 2017, p. 2).

C. Sample sentence two with evidence to support the main topic : Volkow indicated “more than 300,000 Americans have died of an opioid overdose” since 2013 (Federal Efforts to Combat the Opioid Crisis, 2017, p.2).

D. Sample sentence three with evidence to support the main topic : According to Perez-Pena (2017), the Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported more than 25,000 people in the United States died in 2015 from overdosing on opioids Fentanyl, Oxycodone, and Hydrocodone.

E. Toward the end of the introduction, include your thesis statement written in the 3rd-person point-of-view: Sample thesis statement : Potential solutions to the growing opioid epidemic may be illuminated by examining how opioid addiction is triggered through aggressive pharmaceutical marketing, how opioid addiction manifests among prescribed patients, and how economic downturns play a role in the increase of opioid addiction.

F. Write down the library sources you can use in this introductory paragraph to help support the main topic.

• Federal Efforts to Combat the Opioid Crisis, 2017
• Perez-Pena, 2017
• Writing Tip : For more help writing an introduction, please refer to this article on introductions and conclusions .

II. FIRST CAUSE

A. First provide a topic sentence that introduces the first cause of the opioid epidemic: Sample topic sentence that introduces the first cause : One issue that helped contribute to the opioid epidemic is aggressive marketing by pharmaceutical manufacturers.

B. Now provide sentences with evidence to support the first cause: Sample sentence one with evidence that supports the first cause : Perez-Pena (2017) concluded that while the healthcare industry was attempting to effectively and efficiently treat patients with chronic pain, pharmaceutical companies were providing funding to prominent doctors, medical societies, and patient advocacy groups in order to win support for a particular drug’s adoption and usage.

C. Sample sentence two with evidence to support the first cause : In fact, pharmaceutical companies continue to spend millions on promotional activities and materials that deny or trivialize any risks of opioid use while at the same time overstating each drug’s benefit (Perez-Pina, 2017).

D. Next, add more information or provide concluding or transitional sentences that foreshadows the upcoming second cause: Sample concluding and transitional sentence that foreshadow the second cause : Although aggressive marketing by pharmaceutical companies played a large role in opioid addiction, patients are to blame too, as many take advantage of holes in the healthcare provider system in order to remedy their addiction.

E. Write down the library sources you can use in this body paragraph to help support the first cause:

• Writing Tip : For more assistance working with sources, please visit the Using Sources page here.

III. SECOND CAUSE

A. First provide a topic sentence that introduces the second cause.

B. Now provide sentences with evidence to support the second cause.

C. Next, add more information or provide concluding or transitional sentences that foreshadows the upcoming third cause.

D. Write down the library sources you can use in this body paragraph to help support the second cause:

• Writing Tip : Listen to Writing Powerful Sentences for information and features of effective writing.

IV. THIRD CAUSE

A. First provide a topic sentence that introduces the third cause.

B. Now provide sentences with evidence to support the third cause.

C. Next, add more information or provide a concluding sentence or two.

D. Write down the library sources you can use in this body paragraph to help support the third cause:

V. CONCLUSION: Summary of key points and evidence discussed.

• Writing Tip : For more help writing a conclusion, refer to this podcast on endings .
• Writing Tip : Have a question? Leave a comment below or Purdue Global students, click here to access the Purdue Global Writing Center tutoring platform and available staff.
• Writing Tip : Ready to have someone look at your paper? Purdue Global students, click here to submit your assignment for feedback through our video paper review service.

See a Sample Informative Essay Outline here .

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dang bro i got an A

Having faith with all this mentioned, that i will pass my english class at a college. Thank you for posting.

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IELTS Essay (Sharing Information): Fill In The Blanks

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Some People Believe That It Is Good To Share As Much Information As Possible In Scientific Research, Business And Academic World

by Manjusha Nambiar · Published January 29, 2019 · Updated April 20, 2024

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Sample essay

Knowledge is wealth and when it is shared its value multiplies. While some people support the free sharing of scientific, academic and business information, in my opinion, some information has to be safeguarded.

There are both benefits and drawbacks to sharing information freely. To begin with, information related to medical research can save lives. For example, the swine flu vaccine saved thousands of lives. If the researchers who developed this vaccine had not shared it with others, thousands of people would have perished. In the same way, information related to new technologies should also be shared because it has the power to improve the lives of people. Take, for instance, the case of the internet. It would not have become such a huge success if only a few countries had access to it. Today, the internet connects billions of people living across the world. It enables tens of thousands of small entrepreneurs to earn a living by selling their products or services to buyers all over the world. Needless to say, the sharing of information certainly has many benefits.

However, some information cannot be shared because it will endanger the lives of people. For example, information regarding the nuclear weapons or military of a country cannot be shared with others. If enemy countries gain access to that information, it can hurt the security of people living in that country.

To conclude, there are certainly many benefits to sharing useful information with others. However, sensitive information pertaining to the safety and security of a country and its people cannot and should not be shared with hers.

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IELTS Essay: Sharing the Information (the most significant for human) - Writing Task 2

Data access control.

OP ckraysun 1 / 1   Feb 22, 2019   #4 Thank you very much. Your suggestions are really helpful for me.

Essay on Sharing Personal Information On Social Media

Students are often asked to write an essay on Sharing Personal Information On Social Media in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Sharing Personal Information On Social Media

Sharing personal information on social media.

Social media has become an integral part of our lives, offering a convenient platform to stay connected with friends and family. However, it’s important to be cautious about the personal information we share online.

Privacy Settings

Most social media platforms offer privacy settings that allow users to control who can see their posts and information. It’s essential to review and adjust these settings regularly to ensure that only the people you want can access your personal data.

Over-Sharing

It’s easy to get caught up in the excitement of sharing our lives on social media. However, it’s important to avoid over-sharing personal information, such as your home address, phone number, or financial details. This information can be used by scammers or identity thieves to target you.

Think Before You Post

Before posting anything on social media, take a moment to think about how it might be perceived by others. Avoid posting anything that could be considered offensive, controversial, or potentially damaging to your reputation.

Protect Your Password

Use a strong and unique password for your social media accounts. Avoid using the same password for multiple accounts, and change your password regularly. This will help to protect your accounts from being hacked.

Be Wary of Scams

There are many scams circulating on social media that are designed to trick people into sharing their personal information. Be wary of messages or posts that ask you to click on links or provide your personal details.

By following these simple guidelines, you can help to protect your privacy and stay safe while using social media.

250 Words Essay on Sharing Personal Information On Social Media

Social media and personal information.

Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter have become a significant part of our lives. We share our thoughts, photos, and experiences with friends and family. But it’s important to remember that social media is a public space. Anything you post can be seen by anyone.

Sharing Personal Details

When you share personal information on social media, you’re giving away a piece of yourself. Your name, address, phone number, and email address are all valuable pieces of information that can be used by identity thieves. You should never share this information publicly.

Be Mindful of Your Posts

Before you post anything on social media, think about who might see it. Would you be comfortable with your boss, your parents, or your friends seeing it? If not, then you shouldn’t post it.

Use Privacy Settings

Most social media platforms have privacy settings that allow you to control who can see your posts. Make sure you use these settings to protect your privacy. Only share your information with people you trust.

Potential Implications

Sharing personal information on social media can have serious consequences. Getting hacked, identity theft, privacy invasion, and cyberstalking are just some of the risks associated with oversharing.

In conclusion, it’s okay to share certain pieces of information on social media, but you should be cautious about what you share. Think before you post and use privacy settings to protect yourself.

500 Words Essay on Sharing Personal Information On Social Media

What is social media.

Social media is a platform where people share information, ideas, and opinions. It allows individuals to stay connected with friends and family, share their experiences, and connect with like-minded people. It is a powerful tool that offers opportunities for learning, entertainment, and networking. However, it is important to remember that social media also comes with certain risks, particularly when it comes to personal information sharing.

Risks of Personal Information Sharing on Social Media

Sharing personal information on social media can be risky. Here are some of the risks:

• Data Leaks: Social media companies may experience data breaches or leaks, which can expose your personal information to unauthorized individuals.
• Identity Theft: Sharing too much personal information can make you a target for identity theft. Scammers can use your information to create fake accounts, access your financial accounts, or even impersonate you.
• Targeted Advertising: Social media platforms use algorithms to track your online activity and target you with personalized ads. While this can be convenient, it can also be privacy-invasive.
• Cyberbullying and Harassment: Sharing personal information can make you more vulnerable to cyberbullying and harassment. Bullies may use your information to spread rumors or hurtful comments.

Protecting Your Privacy on Social Media

To protect your privacy on social media, follow these tips:

• Use Strong Passwords: Use strong and unique passwords for all of your social media accounts. Avoid using the same password for multiple accounts.
• Enable Two-Factor Authentication: If available, enable two-factor authentication for your social media accounts. This adds an extra layer of security and makes it more difficult for unauthorized individuals to access your accounts.
• Manage Your Privacy Settings: Most social media platforms allow you to adjust your privacy settings. Review your settings regularly and adjust them to your desired level of privacy.
• Be Mindful of What You Share: Think carefully before sharing personal information on social media. Ask yourself if the information you are sharing is necessary and if it will benefit you in any way.
• Use VPN and Ad-blockers: Using a VPN can help protect your online privacy by encrypting your internet connection. Ad-blockers can block intrusive ads and prevent third-party tracking.

Sharing personal information on social media can be risky, but by taking steps to protect your privacy, you can reduce the chances of becoming a victim of identity theft, cyberbullying, or other threats. Remember, the information you share online can have a lasting impact on your privacy and reputation. Sharing personal information online is like sharing secrets with a stranger. You never know how they will use it. So, be wise and think before you share.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

• Essay on Why Is Catholic Education Important
• Essay on Share Market
• Essay on Why Should I Be Prom Queen

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Readings on Writing

Creating, Using, and Sharing Information in Research Communities

Cassie hemstrom & kathy anders, chapter description.

This chapter extends John Swales’ theory of discourse communities into the sphere of information literacy, as it is conceptualized in the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education . We propose the concept of research communities, where discourse communities with the common goal of research use, share, and create information in particular ways. After opening with a personal narrative of how one of us found and joined a research community related to podcasting, the chapter identifies and offers examples of the features of research communities. Finally, the chapter concludes by showing how learning to analyze research communities can help students become more effective information users and creators.

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Information Sharing: Cooperation in the Workplace

Introduction.

Information sharing is an essential part of cooperation in the workplace, which means that the employees and managers should pay precise attention to it. Knowledge and information sharing in the organization is an initiative taken by respective bodies to ensure critical information is passed across the workforce. Firms provide several forms that information is shared among their workers. These ways include sharing data files, creating online discussion groups, distributing written documents, face-to-face office discussions, holding monthly or weekly presentations, and mentoring the younger employees. It is possible to hypothesize that the active use of different ways to share knowledge allows the company to support its stable development.

Ways to Share Information and Knowledge

The general context influences the choice of sharing information in the workplace. Internet sharing and other online modes of sharing became popular during the pandemic as most were advised to work from home. It is possible to apply the initiative after the pandemic as it proved more accessible than other modes (Ahmed et al., 2021). For example, data can be shared with other coworkers through emails and the company’s websites. This sharing model always ensures all workers get the information and knowledge from the official platform hence no confusion. At the same time, distributing written documents, face-to-face communication, and monthly or weekly forums to inform the whole department are still working ways to share data (Liebowitz & Beckman, 2020). Therefore, all these methods can be effective if applied correctly and be well coordinated.

Ways to Look After Information and Knowledge

Many firms prioritize information and knowledge protection as it enables them to have a competitive advantage in production or sales. Moreover, some organizations employ specialists to help protect technical information against external attacks. Firms using this method are deeply ingrained in modern technology as their primary storage and mode of communication. Wong et al. (20191) indicate that organizations always feel vulnerable to external attacks and hence want to apply measures that may reduce that. Many firms do not know how to deal with lack of knowledge except by firing the employee, which does not solve the problem.

Information Management and Knowledge Management

Knowledge management is having executive control over an organization’s resources to get a competitive advantage over others. Nevertheless, on the other hand, information management is an enabler of knowledge management and is mandatory in any company. Further, knowledge management is an ongoing and never-ending cycle that always needs one’s attention, while information management is a one-time endeavor automated by nature (Krcál & Kubias, 2018). Therefore, one can conclude that the difference between the two is people’s roles.

Therefore, information sharing and protection are essential components of a company’s functioning. It allows the employees to support adequate connection, coordinate their actions, and pursue common goals. At the same time, it is critical to manage information and protect it to ensure the safety of corporate secrets and to preserve an advantage in business competition.

Briefing Paper

Sources of information for the workplace.

There are many sources of information in workplaces, depending on what employees want to know. For example, some organizations prefer getting their information from government documents and publications, media, and organization associations. Media is the most used source of information as it exists in different ways, for example, radios, televisions, and other social media platforms. The complete information on these platforms makes it easy for employees to get their data on their firms or their competition. Government documents and publications provide general information on all organizations within their borders. Through this, employees understand the economic nature and how they are faring. Big firms, through shares, get to know what they need to know to improve their status. Organization associations provide information on related companies and show the relationship between direct competitors (Bystrom et al., 2019). Moreover, despite having their respective roles, these sources of information can be used to educate various employees on their roles.

Evaluation of the Advantages and Limitations of Sources of Information for the Workplace

These sources of information can be advantageous and disadvantageous in some aspects, depending on how one uses them. Social media allows employees to engage others as they share the information indicated. Regular email communication ensures greater participation and ensures each is active in building a better brand. Further, government and organization association publications promote social learning and improve knowledge sharing. Employees can understand what their competitors are doing and the steps they have taken to grow. This sharing enables them to solve problems that increase knowledge and social learning.

On the other hand, media as a source of information exposes companies to hacks and viruses, leading to privacy breaches. They always make the organization vulnerable and in danger of being exposed to external threats. Again, social media is addictive and may consume workers’ hours reading unrelated topics. The result is decreased productivity and time wastage which could have been used elsewhere (Wong et al., 2021). Therefore, the organization needs to promote what is best and discourage unpleasant behaviors regarding sources of information.

Sources of Knowledge for the Workplace

Knowledge in workplaces is gotten from different sources with the group’s directive or firm leaders. Some firms get their knowledge from the organizational memory; the skills are implemented depending on what suits the employees best. It is best implemented by an experienced person who has worked with the team. Externally, knowledge comes from the suppliers, business environment, customers, and the market. Engaging the suppliers gives the firm knowledge of how they perform, which is vital in growing a business. Customers have a role in a business setup as the relationship is usually mutually beneficial. Their feedback always provides knowledge on how new products and services need to be developed. Further, market research will always provide knowledge about competitors, which is crucial in helping one strategize (Simao & Franco, 2018). In exhausting these sources, one needs to determine which knowledge they need and their benefits to the firm.

Evaluation of the Advantages and Limitations of Sources of Knowledge for the Workplace

Knowledge sources in various workplaces allow for flexible transfer of specific and sensitive data within the organization. For example, they are used when a company wants to introduce a new product in the market without needing to formalize the contracts. Further, they help in calculations and estimations of costs the firm will likely incur if they participate in certain activities. External sources of knowledge allow the introduction of new measures related to the product being sold. Many organizations apply this when they want to incorporate a new idea into the existing one. The lack of these sources will expand the organizational practices gap, which needs to be closed to improve workplace performance. However, some market research knowledge is usually outdated and will inaccuracy. For example, product research before the COVID-19 pandemic will not apply during and after the period as much could have changed.

Further, getting customer knowledge always results in a wide range of information that cannot be covered once. Therefore, at times they are inapplicable and hence cannot be reliable (Hart, n.d.). The best source of knowledge will depend on what the organization wants, and they need to analyze them carefully for maximum benefits.

Presentation

Need for current, valid, and reliable information and knowledge.

The use of current and valid knowledge is essential in the management team’s work because it allows leaders to understand the current concerns that do not allow the business to develop adequately. The current society entails an economy characterized by intense competition, economic interdependence, and collaboration. As a result, changes in all aspects call for most organizations to adopt the new methods and be up to date on production, marketing, and service delivery. These changes are always available in reliable, current, and valid sources that publish essential pieces of information over time. For example, many industries are moving to highly skilled workers in the modern setup due to the increased complexity and interactivity of tasks. To get this information on a specific new skill set, people need to read and source these data from government publications, organization-associated official websites and up-to-date, reliable online databases such as JSTOR and Gale (Van Laar et al., 2017). These materials provide verified and reliable data of the required skill set appropriate for the task.

Therefore, the need for current and reliable sources of information for managers is evident because they allow leaders to estimate potential risks and opportunities for business. With the advancement of technology, changes are becoming common, and one needs the latest information and knowledge to avoid lagging (Van Laar et al., 2017). Therefore, organizations need to research the current trends to compete in the modern competitive environment.

Importance of Using Current, Valid and Reliable Information and Knowledge in the Workplace

• Allow managers to look at the pros and cons of different initiatives before applying.
• It helps leaders estimate potential opportunities and risks and understand the situation objectively.
• Talk through with different stakeholders to get each one’s view and proposal.
• Implement after agreeing with more than half the members.
• These sources are generally up to date and applicable in most organizations.
• Peer-reviewed articles and journals provide proven statements and findings hence reliable.

How Information and Knowledge can be Validated in the Workplace Before Use

There are several methods to validate information before sharing or applying it in workplaces. For instance, doing appropriate tests, having appropriate authentication meetings, and ensuring the information is for the proper purpose. In doing appropriate tests, members need to run the piece of information through several business cases and case models to establish its usability. This method helps in eliminating applicable and inapplicable information in the business setup.

Appropriate meetings are held to validate any fluctuating data and are mainly applicable to status reports. Most organizations will always analyze trends and get a breakdown of whatever information they need; therefore, they need up-to-date and accurate data. Lastly, when outside sources provide data, firms need to ensure it is the set they require. It can be achieved by explaining the materials beforehand and seeking clarification (Song et al., 2018). Validating data will help the firm avoid confusion and apply the wrong initiatives.

Advantages and Limitations of a Range of Methods of Testing and Validating Information and Knowledge

Appropriate tests will allow accurate information as the variables are appropriately evaluated to produce the best outcome. Again, these tests eliminate doubt on the applicability as they had succeeded in someplace. However, the testing is limited as it cannot be used on innovations. The incapability will not allow for the firm’s expansion and the formation of new ideas. Second, having appropriate meetings allows each member to be on board and support the organization’s initiatives. Through this, organizations promote teamwork and togetherness in these workplaces. Its downside is ignoring the minority’s opinion when voting is involved. The majority will always win, which silences the minorities’ take on the initiative (Song et al., 2018). These methods validate the need to be implemented appropriately and where they are best suited.

Draft for Staff Guide

In-house policies, procedures, and best practice principles applicable to the creation or collection, sharing, and looking after of information in the workplace.

Policies, procedures, and principles help an organization’s smooth and efficient running. Some focus on employee conduct, company property, harassment and discrimination, and social media use. For example, employees cannot share photos from their workplace on social media, and their accounts are analyzed by HR. Those workers who express racist or discriminatory views on the Internet and the company learns about it are fined or dismissed. These policies aim to communicate the firm’s visions and values, making employees understand what is needed. One of their responsibilities is to create, collect, share and protect data in their respective workplaces.

Security of information is an essential part of corporate policy. The creation and collection of data involve reading various materials and determining what is best for the firm. It explains why some firms have libraries and research materials within the premise. Sharing is done through the sources of information discussed earlier, and the protection is through respective measures depending on the data. Different organizations will store their data depending on technological advancement, but most are shifting into technological storage methods (Byström et al., 2019). Hence, there are no universal policies and procedures but change over time depending on the firm’s intentions.

Key Legislation Applicable to The Creation or Collection, Sharing, and Looking After of Information in The Workplace

Confidentiality of business information is the primary legislation used in working with data. It includes the confidentiality of personal information about clients and employees and the data about corporate plans, crises, and stakeholders’ intentions. For example, the employees in the companies that produce new technologies cannot share the details of their work with other organizations due to the confidentiality of this information (Byström et al., 2019). This legislation allows the company to survive in the competition in the market.

The legislation is applied to provide direction to the company by eliminating unacceptable behaviors and indicating the consequences of breaking them. For example, there is legislation on employee conduct in which each employee is required to behave in a certain way. Additionally, legislation on the misuse of the organization’s resources is discouraged, and a penalty always follows (Byström et al., 2019). It means that people who represent a particular company should correspond to the image of the professional. It means that impolite or criminal behavior is unacceptable for the employees because people associate them with the organization they work. Therefore, these rules are in place to ensure the organization runs smoothly as each employee performs their respective duties.

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